WO2025216490A1 - 전고체 전지용 양극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 전고체 전지용 양극 및 전고체 전지 - Google Patents
전고체 전지용 양극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 전고체 전지용 양극 및 전고체 전지Info
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- WO2025216490A1 WO2025216490A1 PCT/KR2025/004536 KR2025004536W WO2025216490A1 WO 2025216490 A1 WO2025216490 A1 WO 2025216490A1 KR 2025004536 W KR2025004536 W KR 2025004536W WO 2025216490 A1 WO2025216490 A1 WO 2025216490A1
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- active material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0562—Solid materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a positive electrode active material for an all-solid-state battery, a positive electrode for an all-solid-state battery including the same, and an all-solid-state battery.
- Lithium secondary batteries are widely used as power sources for portable devices, including IT mobile devices. Recently, the market has been rapidly growing, shifting from small-sized lithium secondary batteries to medium- to large-sized ones. Their use as automotive batteries is particularly rapidly increasing. For lithium secondary batteries to be used as power sources for electric vehicles, high energy density and high output characteristics are required, and ensuring safety is particularly important.
- All-solid-state batteries replace these organic electrolytes with solid electrolytes, and are batteries in which all battery components, including electrodes and electrolytes, are made of solid materials. Due to the high safety of the solid electrolyte itself, it is possible to fundamentally resolve the risk of fire and explosion.
- Candidates for solid electrolytes in all-solid-state lithium-ion secondary batteries include gel-type polymer electrolytes, sulfide-based solid electrolytes, and oxide-based solid electrolytes.
- sulfide-based solid electrolytes exhibit high lithium ion conductivity values of 1X10 -2 S/cm or more and have a wide potential window of 5 V or more, so they exhibit little deterioration in characteristics even in extreme environments and have great advantages in the design of high-energy-density lithium-ion secondary batteries.
- the main causes of this interfacial resistance are proposed to be 1) the space charge layer phenomenon in which a lithium-deficient layer is formed at the solid electrolyte interface due to the difference in chemical potential of lithium ions in the positive electrode active material and the solid electrolyte, and 2) the formation of an interfacial impurity layer due to a chemical reaction at the interface between the positive electrode active material and the solid electrolyte.
- Li-M-O lithium oxide of the form Li-M-O (M represents B, Al, Zr, P, Ti, Nb, or W) is known as the material for the coating layer.
- M represents B, Al, Zr, P, Ti, Nb, or W
- the inventors of the present invention conducted comprehensive research and discovered that coating the surface of a positive electrode active material with a lithium-titanium compound can reduce the interfacial resistance between the positive electrode active material and the solid electrolyte. Furthermore, positioning the lithium-titanium compound at the interface of the positive electrode active material, which is formed by the aggregation of multiple primary particles into secondary particles, can reduce side reactions and improve the lifespan characteristics of an all-solid-state battery, thereby completing the present invention.
- the present invention aims to provide a cathode active material for an all-solid-state battery that can reduce the interfacial resistance between a cathode active material and a solid electrolyte, as well as improve the life characteristics of the all-solid-state battery.
- the present invention aims to provide a positive electrode including the positive electrode active material for the all-solid-state battery and an all-solid-state battery including the same.
- the present invention comprises a core part including a positive electrode active material and a lithium titanium compound
- a coating portion located on the surface of the core portion and including a lithium titanium compound
- the above core portion provides a cathode active material for an all-solid-state battery, having a concentration gradient in which the titanium concentration decreases from the outermost surface to the center.
- the present invention provides a positive electrode for an all-solid-state battery comprising the positive electrode active material of the present invention, a solid electrolyte, a conductive material, and a binder.
- the present invention provides an all-solid-state battery comprising the positive electrode of the present invention; a negative electrode; and a solid electrolyte layer between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the positive electrode active material for an all-solid-state battery of the present invention can suppress side reactions occurring between the positive electrode active material and the solid electrolyte and reduce interfacial resistance by coating the surface of the positive electrode active material with a lithium titanium compound and positioning the lithium titanium compound at the interface of the positive electrode active material, which is a secondary particle formed by agglomeration of a plurality of primary particles.
- an all-solid-state battery including the above-described positive electrode active material can have improved life characteristics.
- Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a positive electrode active material for an all-solid-state battery of the present invention.
- All-solid-state batteries use solid electrolytes to conduct lithium ions, and thus, the movement of lithium ions during charging and discharging occurs in a solid state. Therefore, in all-solid-state batteries, lithium ion movement is possible only through the actual contact between the positive electrode and the solid electrolyte. Therefore, minimizing the interfacial resistance between the positive electrode and the solid electrolyte can improve the performance of all-solid-state batteries.
- the present invention sought to provide a cathode active material capable of improving the long-term life characteristics of an all-solid-state battery while reducing the interfacial resistance between the cathode and the solid electrolyte.
- the present invention comprises a core part including a positive electrode active material and a lithium titanium compound
- a coating portion located on the surface of the core portion and including a lithium titanium compound
- the above core portion relates to a cathode active material for an all-solid-state battery, having a concentration gradient in which the titanium concentration decreases from the outermost surface to the center.
- the positive electrode active material of the present invention may have a core-shell structure, wherein the core portion includes the positive electrode active material and a lithium titanium compound, and the coating portion corresponding to the shell may include a lithium titanium compound.
- the lithium titanium compound acts as a buffer and is included not only in the coating portion but also in the core portion. If the lithium titanium compound were included only in the coating portion, a side reaction could occur from the outermost surface of the core portion when the all-solid-state battery is operated for hundreds of cycles or more, causing the positive electrode active material to become a rock salt.
- the present invention can solve the above problem by including the lithium titanium compound in the core portion as well as the coating portion, thereby providing an all-solid-state battery capable of operating for hundreds of cycles or more.
- the core portion includes a positive electrode active material and a lithium titanium compound, and the lithium titanium compound in the core portion may have a concentration gradient in which the concentration of titanium decreases from the outermost surface of the core portion to the center.
- the above concentration gradient means that there is a gradient between the concentration at any point on the outermost surface of the core portion and the concentration at any point in the center of the core portion.
- the above-described positive electrode active material is lithium metal oxide
- the lithium metal oxide may be a secondary particle formed by agglomeration of a plurality of primary particles. Therefore, the lithium metal oxide may be in a polycrystal form.
- the primary particle refers to a single grain or crystallite. A void and a grain boundary may exist between the primary particles constituting the secondary particle.
- the primary particle may be spaced apart from an adjacent primary particle within the secondary particle to form an internal void.
- the primary particle may be in contact with an adjacent primary particle to form a grain boundary.
- the lithium titanium compound may be present in the internal void.
- the concentration of titanium at the outermost surface of the core portion is the same as the concentration of titanium at the center of the core portion, or if the concentration of titanium increases from the outermost surface of the core portion to the center, the movement of lithium ions between the primary particles may be hindered, increasing ohmic resistance and charge transfer resistance, which may deteriorate the performance of the all-solid-state battery.
- the diameter of the core portion may be the diameter of the secondary particles, and the diameter of the secondary particles may vary depending on the number of aggregated primary particles and may be 3 to 10 ⁇ m. Therefore, the diameter of the core portion may be 3 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the lithium titanium compound may be present within a distance of 5 ⁇ m, 4 ⁇ m, 3 ⁇ m, 2 ⁇ m, 1 ⁇ m, or 0.5 ⁇ m from the outermost surface of the core portion toward the center. Accordingly, only lithium metal oxide, which is a positive electrode active material, may be present in the center portion of the core portion.
- the above lithium metal oxide is a material capable of inserting and de-inserting lithium ions, and there are no special restrictions as long as it can be used as a positive electrode active material of a lithium ion secondary battery.
- the lithium titanium compound positioned in the core portion and the coating portion may be lithium titanium oxide.
- the lithium titanium oxide may be Li x Ti y O 4 (0.8 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.4, 1.6 ⁇ y ⁇ 2.2), but is not limited thereto.
- the coating portion is positioned on the surface of the core portion, and more specifically, may be positioned on the surface of the secondary particle.
- the coating portion may include the lithium titanium compound, and preferably may be made of the lithium titanium compound.
- the above coating portion may mean that the lithium titanium compound is physically and/or chemically bonded to the surface of the core portion.
- the lithium titanium compound may cover the entire surface of the core portion, or may be distributed in an island type or flake type on the surface of the core portion, and when distributed in an island type or flake type, they may be spaced apart from each other at a predetermined interval.
- the lithium titanium compound may be distributed in a form that uniformly covers the entire surface of the core portion.
- the coating layer of the lithium titanium compound can prevent direct contact between the positive electrode active material and the solid electrolyte, thereby suppressing an interfacial side reaction due to a difference in the chemical potential of lithium ions.
- the concentration of lithium increases to secure a movement path of lithium ions, thereby reducing the interfacial resistance with the solid electrolyte.
- the thickness of the coating portion is not particularly limited in the present invention, but may preferably be 10 to 200 nm, and preferably 50 to 150 nm.
- the lithium titanium compound of the above coating portion may be included in an amount of 0.1 to 5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the core portion, and preferably 1 to 3 parts by weight. Within the range of 0.1 to 5 parts by weight, an effect of reducing interface resistance can be obtained, and outside the range, the interface resistance increases, which causes a problem in that the electrochemical characteristics of the all-solid-state battery including the same are not improved.
- the positive electrode active material for an all-solid-state battery of the present invention may be formed by mixing and firing a precursor of a titanium compound in the final stage of the core portion manufacturing process, thereby forming a coating portion including a lithium titanium compound, and the lithium titanium compound in the coating portion may be absorbed into the core portion including the positive electrode active material, so that a core portion including the positive electrode active material and the lithium titanium compound and a coating portion including the lithium titanium compound are ultimately formed.
- the concentration of the lithium titanium compound present in the coating portion may be higher than the concentration of the lithium titanium compound present in the core portion.
- the titanium in the core portion may have a concentration gradient in which the concentration decreases from the outermost surface of the core portion toward the center.
- the present invention relates to a positive electrode for an all-solid-state battery, wherein the positive electrode may include a positive electrode active material, a solid electrolyte, a conductive material, and a binder, and the positive electrode active material is the positive electrode active material of the present invention described above.
- the above positive electrode may include a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer applied to one or both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector. Accordingly, the positive electrode active material, solid electrolyte, conductive material, and binder may be included in the positive electrode active material layer.
- the above positive electrode current collector is intended to support the positive electrode active material layer, and is not particularly limited as long as it has excellent conductivity and is electrochemically stable in the voltage range of the lithium secondary battery.
- the positive electrode current collector may be any one metal selected from the group consisting of copper, aluminum, stainless steel, titanium, silver, palladium, nickel, alloys thereof, and combinations thereof.
- the stainless steel may be surface-treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, or silver.
- an aluminum-cadmium alloy may be preferably used.
- calcined carbon, a non-conductive polymer surface-treated with a conductive material, or a conductive polymer may be used.
- the above-mentioned positive electrode current collector can form fine irregularities on its surface to strengthen the bonding strength with the positive electrode active material, and can be used in various forms such as a film, sheet, foil, mesh, net, porous body, foam, and non-woven body.
- the above solid electrolyte may include at least one selected from the group consisting of a sulfide-based solid electrolyte, a polymer-based solid electrolyte, and an oxide-based solid electrolyte, and preferably may include a sulfide-based solid electrolyte.
- the above sulfide-based solid electrolyte contains sulfur (S) and has the ionic conductivity of a metal belonging to Group 1 or Group 2 of the periodic table, and may include Li-P-S glass or Li-P-S glass ceramic.
- the sulfide-based solid electrolyte may include at least one selected from the group consisting of Li 6 PS 5 Cl, Li 6 PS 5 Br , Li 6 PS 5 I, Li 2 SP 2 S 5 , Li 2 S- LiI -P 2 S 5 , Li 2 S-LiI-Li 2 OP 2 S 5 , Li 2 S- LiBr -P 2 S 5 , Li 2 S-Li 2 OP 2 S 5 , Li 2 S - Li 3 PO 4 -P 2 S 5 , Li 2 SP 2 S 5 , Li 2 SP 2 S 5 -SiS 2 , Li 2 SP 2 S 5 -SnS, Li 2 SP 2 S 5 -Al 2 S 3 , Li 2 S-GeS 2 and Li 2 S-GeS 2 -ZnS, preferably Li 6 PS 5 Cl, Li It may include at least one selected from the group consisting of 6 PS 5 Br and Li 6 PS 5 I.
- the Li 6 PS 5 Cl, Li 6 PS 5 Br and Li 6 PS 5 I may be an argyrodite type solid electrolyte.
- the sulfide-based solid electrolyte may be in a form doped with trace elements, for example, Li 6 PS 5 Cl may be additionally doped with bromine (Br).
- the above polymer-based solid electrolyte is a polymer electrolyte material formed by adding a polymer resin to a composite of a lithium salt and a polymer resin, that is, a solvated lithium salt, and can exhibit an ionic conductivity of about 1x10 -7 S/cm or more, preferably about 1x10 -5 S/cm or more.
- Non-limiting examples of the polymer resin include polyether polymers, polycarbonate polymers, acrylate polymers, polysiloxane polymers, phosphazene polymers, polyethylene derivatives, alkylene oxide derivatives such as polyethylene oxide, phosphate ester polymers, polyagitation lysine, polyester sulfide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylidene fluoride, polymers containing ionic dissociation groups, etc., and may include one or more of these.
- the polymer electrolyte may include, as a polymer resin, a branched copolymer in which an amorphous polymer such as PMMA, polycarbonate, polysiloxane (PDMS) and/or phosphazene is copolymerized as a comonomer in a polyethylene oxide (PEO) main chain, a comb-like polymer, and a cross-linked polymer resin, and may include one or more of these.
- an amorphous polymer such as PMMA, polycarbonate, polysiloxane (PDMS) and/or phosphazene is copolymerized as a comonomer in a polyethylene oxide (PEO) main chain, a comb-like polymer, and a cross-linked polymer resin, and may include one or more of these.
- the lithium salt described above is an ionizable lithium salt and can be expressed as Li + X - .
- the anions of these lithium salts are not particularly limited, but include F - , Cl - , Br - , I - , NO 3 - , N(CN) 2 - , BF 4 - , ClO 4 - , PF 6 - , (CF 3 ) 2 PF 4 - , (CF 3 ) 3 PF 3 - , (CF 3 ) 4 PF 2 - , (CF 3 ) 5 PF - , (CF 3 ) 6 P - , CF 3 SO 3 - , CF 3 CF 2 SO 3 - , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N - , (FSO 2 ) 2 N - , CF 3 CF 2 (CF 3 ) 2 CO - , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 CH - , (SF 5 ) 3 C
- the above oxide-based solid electrolyte may contain oxygen (O) and have the ionic conductivity of a metal belonging to Group 1 or Group 2 of the periodic table.
- O oxygen
- LLTO compounds Li 6 La 2 CaTa 2 O 12 , Li 6 La 2 ANb 2 O 12 (A is Ca or Sr), Li 2 Nd 3 TeSbO 12 , Li 3 BO 2.5 N 0.5 , Li 9 SiAlO 8 , LAGP compounds, LATP compounds, Li 1+x Ti 2-x Al x Si y (PO 4 ) 3-y (wherein, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1), LiAl x Zr 2-x (PO 4 ) 3 (wherein, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1), LiTi x Zr 2-x (PO 4 ) 3 (wherein, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1), LISICON compounds, LIPON compounds, perovskite compounds, NASICON compounds and It may include one or more selected from among LLZ
- the above conductive material is a material that electrically connects the current collector and the positive electrode active material and serves as a path for electrons to move from the current collector to the positive electrode active material. Any material that does not cause chemical changes in a lithium secondary battery and has porosity and conductivity can be used without restriction.
- the conductive material may be a porous carbon-based material, such as carbon black, graphite, graphene, activated carbon, carbon fiber, etc.; metallic fibers such as metal mesh; metallic powders such as copper, silver, nickel, aluminum, etc.; or organic conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives.
- the conductive materials may be used alone or in combination.
- acetylene black series such as those from Chevron Chemical Company or Gulf Oil Company
- Ketjen Black EC series from Armak Company
- Vulcan XC-72 from Cabot Company
- Super P from MMM
- examples include acetylene black, carbon black, and graphite.
- the binder increases the bonding strength between the components constituting the positive electrode and between them and the current collector, and any binder known in the industry can be used.
- the binder may be a fluororesin binder including polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE); a rubber binder including styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), acrylonitrile-butidiene rubber, and styrene-isoprene rubber; a cellulose binder including carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxy propyl cellulose, and regenerated cellulose; a polyalcohol binder; a polyolefin binder including polyethylene and polypropylene; a polyimide binder; a polyester binder; and a silane binder.
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- SBR styrene butadiene rubber
- CMC carboxyl methyl cellulose
- a polyalcohol binder a polyolefin binder including polyethylene and polypropy
- the present invention relates to an all-solid-state battery comprising: a positive electrode; a negative electrode; and a solid electrolyte layer between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; wherein the positive electrode is the positive electrode of the present invention described above.
- the above-mentioned negative electrode may include a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer positioned on the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode like the positive electrode, may include a conductive material and a binder as needed.
- the negative electrode current collector, conductive material, and binder are as described above.
- the above negative active material may be any material that can reversibly intercalate or deintercalate lithium ions (Li + ), or any material that can reversibly form a lithium-containing compound by reacting with lithium ions.
- the negative active material may be at least one carbon-based material selected from the group consisting of crystalline artificial graphite, crystalline natural graphite, amorphous hard carbon, low-crystalline soft carbon, carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, Super-P, graphene, and fibrous carbon; a Si-based material; a metal composite oxide such as Li x Fe 2 O 3 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), Li x WO 2 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), Sn x Me 1-x Me ⁇ y O z (Me: Mn, Fe, Pb, Ge; Me ⁇ : Al, B, P, Si, elements of group 1, 2, and 3 of the periodic table, halogen; 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1;1 ⁇ y ⁇ 3;1 ⁇ z ⁇ 8); lithium metal; lithium alloy; silicon-based alloy; tin-based alloy; Metal oxides such as SnO, SnO 2 , PbO, PbO 2 , Pb 2 O 3 , Pb 3 O 4 , Sb 2 O
- the negative electrode may include a negative electrode current collector and a coating layer including metal-carbon composite particles positioned on the negative electrode current collector. This may mean an anodeless electrode that does not include a negative electrode active material.
- the above negative electrode may be such that when the all-solid-state battery is charged, lithium ions pass through the coating layer to reach the surface of the negative electrode current collector, and these are deposited to form a lithium metal layer.
- the above metal-carbon composite particles may have a form in which carbon particles and metal particles are attached to each other or one surface is coated with the other, and may be physically or chemically bonded.
- the above carbon particles may include natural graphite, artificial graphite, hard carbon, soft carbon, carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, summer black, carbon nanotubes, fullerene, carbon fiber, and fluorocarbon.
- the above metal particles are lithium-philic metals, for example, Ni, Cu, Ag, Au, Pt, Al, Zn, Bi, etc., and may be one or a combination of two or more thereof.
- a metal having the above lithium-philic properties it is advantageous to form a stable and uniform lithium layer on the surface of the current collector.
- the above negative electrode may be manufactured by mixing a binder solution and the composite particles to prepare a slurry for forming a coating layer, and then applying and drying the slurry on a negative electrode current collector.
- the binder may be a conventional binder used in the art.
- the above solid electrolyte layer is formed of a solid electrolyte in a layered form, and the solid electrolyte follows the above-described method.
- the solid electrolyte may include at least one selected from the group consisting of a sulfide-based solid electrolyte, a polymer-based solid electrolyte, and an oxide-based solid electrolyte, and preferably includes a sulfide-based solid electrolyte.
- the positive electrode active material of the present invention includes a coating portion containing the lithium titanium compound on the surface of the core portion, thereby preventing the lithium metal oxide, which is the positive electrode active material, from direct contact with the solid electrolyte, thereby reducing side reactions occurring between the positive electrode active material and the solid electrolyte, and thereby reducing the interfacial resistance.
- the core portion includes not only the lithium metal oxide, which is the positive electrode active material, but also the lithium titanium compound, thereby improving the long-term life characteristics of the all-solid-state battery. More specifically, when the all-solid-state battery is operated for several hundred cycles or more, side reactions occur from the outermost surface even if the positive electrode active material includes a coating layer. However, since the core portion includes the lithium titanium compound, this can be prevented, thereby improving the long-term life characteristics of the all-solid-state battery.
- LiOH ⁇ H 2 O and Ni 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 (OH) 2 were mixed in a weight ratio of 1.05:1, and then titanium isopropoxide was added.
- the mixture was placed in a stainless steel crucible and heat-treated at 750°C at a heating rate of 3°C/min in an air atmosphere for 10 hours to produce a cathode active material having a particle size (D50) of 5 ⁇ m.
- the positive electrode active material of Example 1 has a core-shell structure including a core portion and a coating portion on the surface of the core portion, wherein the core portion includes LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 and a lithium titanium compound, and exhibits a concentration gradient in which the concentration of titanium decreases from the outermost surface of the core portion toward the center.
- the coating portion included a lithium titanium compound, and the lithium titanium compound of the coating portion was included in an amount of 0.5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the core portion.
- LiOH ⁇ H 2 O and Ni 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 (OH) 2 were mixed in a weight ratio of 1.1:1, and the mixture was placed in a stainless steel crucible and subjected to a primary heat treatment at 600°C in an air atmosphere for 5 hours to form a plastic mixture, which was then cooled. Thereafter, after crushing and sieving, the crushed plastic mixture was placed in an aluminum crucible and subjected to a secondary heat treatment at 800°C in an air atmosphere for 10 hours to produce LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 having a particle size (D50) of 5 ⁇ m.
- D50 particle size
- the cathode active material was manufactured by loading it into a tube furnace with an inner diameter of 50 mm and a length of 1000 mm and heat-treating it at 400°C for 4 hours.
- the positive electrode active material of Comparative Example 1 has a core-shell structure including a core portion and a coating portion on the surface of the core portion, wherein the core portion includes LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 , and the coating portion includes a lithium titanium compound, and the lithium titanium compound of the coating portion is included in an amount of 0.5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the core portion.
- LiOH ⁇ H 2 O and Ni 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 (OH) 2 were mixed in a weight ratio of 1.05:1, and then titanium isopropoxide was added.
- the mixture was placed in a stainless steel crucible and heat-treated at 650°C at a heating rate of 0.5°C/min in an air atmosphere for 20 hours to produce a cathode active material having a particle size (D50) of 5 ⁇ m.
- the positive electrode active material of Comparative Example 2 has a core-shell structure including a core portion and a coating portion on the surface of the core portion, and the core portion includes LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 and a lithium titanium compound, but does not show a concentration gradient in which the concentration of titanium decreases from the outermost surface of the core portion to the center.
- the coating portion included a lithium titanium compound, and the lithium titanium compound of the coating portion was included in an amount of 0.5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the core portion.
- Example 1 The cross-sections of the positive electrode active materials manufactured in Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2 were analyzed using a SEM-EDS (Scanning electron microscope energy dispersive spectrometer) to confirm the content of titanium (Ti) distributed from the outermost surface of the coating portion and core portion toward the center by section, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.
- SEM-EDS Sccanning electron microscope energy dispersive spectrometer
- the positive electrode active material of Comparative Example 1 did not include a lithium titanium compound in the core portion, the concentration of the lithium titanium compound was measured only in the coating portion.
- a lithium titanium compound was present in the coating portion and the core portion, and the core portion of the positive electrode active material of Example 1 showed a concentration gradient in which the titanium concentration decreased from the outermost surface toward the center.
- the positive electrode active material of Comparative Example 2 did not show a titanium concentration gradient in the core portion, and it was found that titanium was evenly distributed in the core portion.
- the above positive electrode active material layer was positioned on one side of an aluminum current collector having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m and pressed to manufacture a positive electrode.
- Each of the all-solid-state batteries (Jig Cells) of Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2 was manufactured by using lithium metal with a thickness of 40 ⁇ m as the negative electrode, interposing a Li 6 PS 5 Cl solid electrolyte membrane with a thickness of 50 ⁇ m between the positive and negative electrodes, and then pressurizing at a pressure of 500 MPa to have a driving pressure of 3 MPa and a capacity of 5 mAh.
- Example 1 The all-solid-state batteries of Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2 were charged at a rate (C-rate) of 0.33 C until the voltage reached 4.25 V (vs. Li), and then cut-off was achieved at a rate of 0.1 C while maintaining 4.25 V (vs. Li). Thereafter, one cycle of discharge was performed at a rate (C-rate) of 0.33 C until the voltage reached 3.0 V (vs. Li). The charge and discharge were repeated 50 cycles to measure the capacity retention rate of the discharge capacity, and the results are shown in Table 2 below.
- the all-solid-state batteries of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 showed similar initial capacities and initial efficiencies, but showed differences in lifespan characteristics. From this, it was found that when the core portion of the positive electrode active material includes a lithium titanium compound, it exhibits excellent lifespan characteristics.
- the all-solid-state battery of Comparative Example 2 showed poor initial capacity, initial efficiency, and lifespan characteristics. From this, it was found that even if a lithium titanium compound is present in the core of the positive electrode active material, if there is no concentration gradient in which the titanium concentration decreases from the outermost surface of the core to the center, the initial capacity, initial efficiency, and lifespan characteristics are all poor.
- the cathode active material of the present invention includes a lithium titanium compound in the coating portion and the core portion, and in particular, the lithium titanium compound in the core portion has a concentration gradient in which the titanium concentration decreases from the outermost surface to the center of the core portion, and thus it can be seen that the initial capacity, initial efficiency, and lifespan characteristics of an all-solid-state battery including the same are excellent.
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Abstract
Description
| 코팅부 | 코어부 최표면으로부터 중심부 방향 | |||
| 0~1μm 미만 | 1~2μm 미만 | 2~3μm | ||
| 실시예 1 | 1370 ppm | 610 ppm | 250 ppm | 100 ppm |
| 비교예 1 | 2650 ppm | - | - | - |
| 비교예 2 | 920 ppm | 580 ppm | 810 ppm | 700 ppm |
| 0.1C 초기용량(mAh) | 0.1C 초기효율(%) | 수명특성 0.33C 50사이클 용량 유지율(%) |
|
| 실시예 1 | 204 | 94.1 | 97 |
| 비교예 1 | 203 | 93.4 | 87 |
| 비교예 2 | 162 | 87.3 | 54 |
Claims (11)
- 양극 활물질 및 리튬티타늄 화합물을 포함하는 코어부; 및상기 코어부의 표면에 위치하며, 리튬티타늄 화합물을 포함하는 코팅부;를 포함하며,상기 코어부는 최표면으로부터 중심부로 갈수록 티타늄 농도가 감소하는 농도 구배를 갖는, 전고체 전지용 양극 활물질.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 코어부의 직경은 3 내지 10μm인, 전고체 전지용 양극 활물질.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 코어부는 코어부의 최표면으로부터 중심부 방향으로 5μm까지의 거리 내에 상기 리튬티타늄 화합물이 존재하는 것인, 전고체 전지용 양극 활물질.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 코어부의 양극 활물질은 리튬 금속 산화물이며,상기 리튬 금속 산화물은 복수의 1차 입자가 응집하여 형성된 2차 입자인, 전고체 전지용 양극 활물질.
- 제4항에 있어서,상기 1차 입자는 상기 2차 입자의 내부에서 이웃한 1차 입자와 이격되어 내부 공극을 형성하며,상기 코어부의 리튬티타늄 화합물은 상기 내부 공극에 존재하는, 전고체 전지용 양극 활물질.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 코팅부는 상기 리튬티타늄 화합물을 코어부 100 중량부를 기준으로 0.1 내지 5 중량부로 포함하는 것인, 전고체 전지용 양극 활물질.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 코팅부에 존재하는 상기 티타늄의 농도는 코어부에 존재하는 티타늄의 농도 보다 높은 것인, 전고체 전지용 양극 활물질.
- 제1항 내지 제7항 중 어느 한 항의 양극 활물질, 고체 전해질, 도전재 및 바인더를 포함하는 전고체 전지용 양극.
- 제8항의 양극; 음극; 및 상기 양극과 음극 사이에 고체 전해질층;을 포함하는 전고체 전지.
- 제9항에 있어서,상기 고체 전해질은 황화물계 고체 전해질, 고분자계 고체 전해질 및 산화물계 고체 전해질로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 1종 이상을 포함하는 것인, 전고체 전지.
- 제10에 있어서,상기 고체 전해질은 황화물계 고체 전해질을 포함하는 것인, 전고체 전지.
Priority Applications (2)
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| CN202580003280.8A CN121359253A (zh) | 2024-04-12 | 2025-04-04 | 全固态电池用正极活性材料以及包含其的全固态电池用正极和全固态电池 |
| EP25787082.4A EP4712162A4 (en) | 2024-04-12 | 2025-04-04 | ACTIVE CATHODE MATERIAL FOR ALL-SOLID BATTERY, AND ALL-SOLID BATTERY CATHODE AND ALL-SOLID BATTERY, WHICH INCLUDE IT |
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| KR10-2024-0049273 | 2024-04-12 | ||
| KR1020240049273A KR20250150855A (ko) | 2024-04-12 | 2024-04-12 | 전고체 전지용 양극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 전고체 전지용 양극 및 전고체 전지 |
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| JP7211900B2 (ja) * | 2019-06-06 | 2023-01-24 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 二次電池の正極材料、およびこれを用いた二次電池 |
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- 2024-04-12 KR KR1020240049273A patent/KR20250150855A/ko active Pending
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- 2025-04-04 WO PCT/KR2025/004536 patent/WO2025216490A1/ko active Pending
- 2025-04-04 CN CN202580003280.8A patent/CN121359253A/zh active Pending
- 2025-04-04 EP EP25787082.4A patent/EP4712162A4/en active Pending
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| EP4712162A4 (en) | 2026-05-06 |
| KR20250150855A (ko) | 2025-10-21 |
| EP4712162A1 (en) | 2026-03-18 |
| CN121359253A (zh) | 2026-01-16 |
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