Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
  • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
  • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
  • C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
  • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
  • F23G5/10—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating electric
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
  • F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
  • F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
  • F23G2201/40—Gasification
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
  • F23G2209/26—Biowaste

Definitions

• the technical solution relates to a novel arrangement of a device for the non- oxidative decomposition of organic substances by means of a controlled thermal conversion process resulting in solid, liquid, and gaseous products.
• the common disadvantage of the existing devices is that they enable the processing of materials in successive batches, which is energy and time consuming as the reactors need to be moved into the reaction chamber after heating and then, after the completion of the process, into a free space for cooling.
• the device is provided with one pipeline that is manually connected to the reactor lid and it, therefore, only contains a single product branch without pre-heating and with a direct connection to a cooler, with the gaseous and liquid product being collected only after this cooler.
• the technics! solution in the form of an autonomous device for the non-oxidative decomposition of organic substances, consisting of at least two thermal systems with built-in thermal chambers fitted with removable reactors provided with sealable lids with at least one outlet pipe to enable connection to a product pipeline leading into a cooling condenser system.
• the thermal systems are placed in stackable frame structures, the thermal chambers are equipped with segmented electric heating systems and the overflow pipelines connected to the outlet pipes are divided for separate connection to the cold product branch and the hot product branch, which are formed by doublewalled pipes, and the device contains an automated control unit connected to evaluation and monitoring elements fitted to both product branches, both with control function elements to ensure throughput of each product branch or a part thereof and with control elements to control the operation of the thermal chambers or reactors according to the selected parameters.
• the outlet pipes are connected via automatic clamps to vertically downwards arranged overflow pipes fitted with length compensators, after which there are branch pieces fitted to divide the overflow pipe to enable separate connection to the product branches.
• the product branches are also fitted with liquid fraction storage tanks after the thermal systems and are connected to a cooling condenser system via vertically upwards positioned outlet pipes provided with length compensators, and liquid fraction storage tanks are fitted at the outlets from the condenser system.
• the reactors of the thermal chambers be of different sizes, with the optimal size ratio of the reactor of the primary thermal chamber to the reactor (3) of the secondary thermal chamber being 3 to 1.
• the product branch pipes of the product pipeline are positioned at a gravitational gradient, between the thermal chambers.
• the present device achieves new and improved efficiency in that the thermal systems are connected to a common product pipeline, i e. a fuel file, which is divided into two separate product branches (hot and cold), which are automatically put into operation depending on the phase of the thermal process, i.e, on the quality of the pyrolysed gas produced.
• the two product branches consist of a double-walled pipe, which is suspended from a self-supporting frame and provided with vertically positioned compensators, which allows the inclination of the branches to be changed as needed, resulting in a potential increase in the productivity parameters of the device by up to 10%.
• the reactors placed in the thermal chambers may be of different designs and sizes and are also usable for processing batches of organic material of different sizes and qualities.
• Fig, 1 is a simplified diagram of the basic embodiment of the device, omitting the connections between its function elements and an automated control unit,
• Fig, 2 is a side view of the general embodiment of the design from Fig. 1 showing the thermal chambers and the frames in which the thermal systems are arranged and indicating the connections between the control unit and the function elements of the device,
• Fig. 3 is a top view of the device from Fig. 2, Fig. 4 an axonometric view of the basic supporting function elements of the device,
• Fig. 5 is a simplified diagram of the connection of the automated control unit to the function elements of the thermal system and one of the product branches, and
• Fig. 6 is detailed sections of the thermal systems of the device from Fig. 2.
• the basic embodiment of the device shown in Figs. 1 to 6, consists of two separate thermal systems 1 of different sizes, the integration surface of which is outlined by stackable supporting frame structures 101, which define their shape in space and at the same time allow their connection (coupling) in a series using a product pipeline 7, Placed inside the frame structures 101 are thermal chambers 2 fitted with segmented electric heating systems 21 , which enable the independent heating of different parts of the thermal chamber 2, namely its bottom, walls, or the entire shell.
• Each thermal chamber 2 contains a removably installed sealable reactor 3 comprising an unmarked vessel, preferably cylindrical in shape and having a spherical bottom, and with a flange provided at the top for the connection of a sealing lid 31.
• the optimum ratio of the size of the reactor 3 of the primary thermal chamber 2 to the reactor 3 of the secondary thermal chamber 2 is 3 to 1 ,
• Each sealing lid 31 of the reactor 3 is provided with standard connecting features, fittings, seals (unmarked) and at least one outlet pipe 32 for the discharge of the gaseous phases produced by the thermal conversion process.
• the outlet pipes 32 are connected, via automatic clamps 4, to vertically downwards arranged overflow pipes 5 fitted with length compensators 6, after which there are branch pieces 51 fitted that divide the overflow pipe 5 to enable separate connections to the cold product branch 71 and the het product branch 72 of the product pipeline 7, which product branches are formed by double-walled pipes.
• the product branches 71 , 72 are fitted with liquid fraction storage tanks 8 after the thermal systems 1 and these branches 71., 72 are connected to a cooling condenser system IQ via vertically upwards positioned outlet pipes provided 9 with length compensators 6, and liquid fraction storage tanks 81 are fitted at the outlets from the condenser system 10,
• the condenser system 10 is typically arranged on a base 10a created in the form of a jacketed container serving as a storage area fo replaceable spare parts for the device or for housing external storage tanks for the liquid fraction.
• the two product branches 71 , 72 are attached to a suspension structure (not shown), with length compensators 6 built in on the overflow pipes 5 and outlet pipes 9 enabling a change in the position of the product line 7 and adjustment in its gravitational gradient to a preferred specific angle to ensure a better flow of the gaseous or liquid fractions as needed and depending on the type of the organic material being processed.
• the device includes as its integral part an automated control unit 11. which is connected, firstly, to evaluation and control elements 111, typically, sensors installed regularly on both product branches 71, 72 to monitor the thermal decomposition process and evaluate the quality of the flowing pyrolysed gas, and, secondly, to control function elements 112, e.g. pneumatic valves, to switch the throughput of the product branches 71. 72 or parts thereof, and, thirdly, to monitoring and control elements 113, e.g, a chromatograph, to perform a process analysis of the gases produced during the process, and, fourthly, to elements (not shown) that control the operation of the thermal chambers 2 or reactors 3 according to the selected parameters.
• evaluation and control elements 111 typically, sensors installed regularly on both product branches 71, 72 to monitor the thermal decomposition process and evaluate the quality of the flowing pyrolysed gas
• control function elements 112 e.g. pneumatic valves
• monitoring and control elements 113 e.g, a chromatograph
• the described embodiment is not the only possible design of the device, as It may comprise more than two coupled thermal systems 1, with the size of the thermal chambers 2 or reactors 3 being determined by the quantity and type of materials to be processed.
• the product pipeline 7 may consist of more than two branches, which also need not be parallel.
• the frame structures 101 may also be further provided with various additional equipment such as handling arms, lifting devices, etc.
• the sealed reactor 3 charged with organic material, is first placed in the thermal chamber 2 using a handling arm or manipulator, which need not be part of the device, and the process of thermal conversion without the access of air can start.
• the thermal system has a segmented electric heating system operating within the temperature range of 10 to 900 °C in three segmented circuits allowing for continuous heating.
• the heating of the thermal chamber 2 and the heat transfer circuit, i.e. the product pipeline 7, is performed to the set parameters of the automatic control unit 11 and is set to the specific organic substances to be processed.
• Each such substance has its own temperature mode/pattern that follows the conversion specifications and requirements for the type and quality of the output products.
• each substance has its own specific thermal curve, and the duration of the process and quality parameters of the product can therefore be set.
• the arrangement of the device enables heating of the reactor 3 by means of the electric heating systems 21 in the primary phase. Secondary heating is only performed in the product pipeline 7 using the heat-transfer circuit created by means of the double-walled design of the pipeline, through which the heat-transfer fluid for heating up to 250 ° C flows.
• the double-walled system maintains the temperatures in parallel, i.e. the internal temperature is provided by the pyrolysed gas produced and the external temperature is provided by electric heating using an electric sleeve or separately, always depending on the process phase the thermal system is operating in.
• the arrangement of the product branches 71 , 72 of the product pipeline 7 ensures the conduction of the primary gaseous phase produced during the conversion process and, depending on type of the input raw material, these branches 71, 72 can be set as connected or it is possible to switch between them based on the phase and the course of the thermal conversion process.
• the primary gaseous phase flows through the cold primary branch until a predetermined temperature is achieved and the air mass in the reactor 3 is depleted and the oxygen content reaches zero, achieving a non-oxidative environment, in the non-oxidative phase, the gas path is switched to the secondary hot product branch, which is always fitted with pairs of evaluation and control elements 111, e.g. pressure and temperature sensors.
• the organic component inside the reactor 3 is converted to a gaseous primary phase, which passes through the outlet in the lid 31 of the reactor 3 and into the product pipeline 7 and the condenser system 1_Q.
• the device according to this application is intended for use in industries engaged in the processing of waste organic materials or of materials separated from such waste, with the potential of further use.
• the device is arranged into separate branches and reactors, it can be used with high efficiency to eliminate chemical pollutants, substances with hazardous properties or higher concentration os infectious pathogens, viruses and drugs contained, for exampie, in sewage sludge or in materials which have come into contact with such pollutants, especially infectious ones.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
• Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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ID=89766931

Family Applications (1)

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Family Cites Families (2)

• 2023
  • 2023-12-29 CZ CZ2023-41674U patent/CZ37649U1/cs active IP Right Grant
• 2024
  • 2024-07-31 SK SK124-2024U patent/SK10256Y1/sk unknown
  • 2024-08-29 WO PCT/CZ2024/000021 patent/WO2025140754A1/en active Pending
  • 2024-10-17 DE DE202024105973.5U patent/DE202024105973U1/de active Active
  • 2024-12-02 PL PL132491U patent/PL132491U1/pl unknown

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