WO2025124138A1 - 一种聚丙烯组合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种聚丙烯组合物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K2003/2296—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of zinc
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/02—Flame or fire retardant/resistant
Definitions
- the invention relates to the technical field of polymer materials, and in particular to a polypropylene composition and a preparation method and application thereof.
- the main body of the battery pack is composed of a shell covering the battery module.
- the battery shell plays a key role in the safe operation and protection of the battery module. It is divided into an upper shell and a lower shell.
- the upper shell is the upper cover, and its main function is to protect, seal and isolate from the car compartment.
- the upper cover materials of the battery pack for new energy vehicles are mainly metal materials, glass fiber reinforced thermosetting plastics (SMC, PCM, etc.), and enhanced flame retardant PPO, PPS, PP and other materials.
- Metal materials are gradually being replaced by polymer composite materials due to their own shortcomings such as large specific gravity, poor insulation and corrosion resistance, and complex and time-consuming molding process.
- Glass fiber reinforced thermosetting plastics cannot be recycled and reused after use, which is not in line with the development direction of environmentally friendly and low-carbon circular economy, and are also gradually being replaced by thermoplastic plastics.
- the reported reinforced flame-retardant engineering plastics such as PPO and PPS are expensive and are not suitable for large-sized battery pack covers.
- Polypropylene (PP) is a general-purpose plastic that is widely used, abundant in source and inexpensive. It has low density, excellent chemical resistance, excellent formability, good comprehensive performance and high cost performance, making it one of the choices for battery pack cover materials.
- the core requirement of battery pack shell materials is that they need to pass the external fire test of GB/T31467.3-2015, and that no large amount of toxic and harmful gases are generated during the combustion process.
- By enhancing and flame-retardant modification of ordinary polypropylene materials it will become a trend of technological development to obtain a new generation of low-smoke, halogen-free, ablation-resistant and heat-insulating flame-retardant enhanced PP that meets the requirements for battery pack covers.
- Chinese patent application CN114369303A discloses a halogen-free, heat-insulating, ablation-resistant and flame-retardant polypropylene material.
- the material By adding long glass fiber masterbatch and ceramic filler to the halogen-free piperazine flame retardant system, and auxiliary flux, the material has a certain ablation resistance effect.
- the material will have deformation and collapse problems during the burning process, and its injection molded parts have warping and deformation problems, which limits the application space of the material.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a low-warping, ablation-resistant polypropylene composition that is not prone to deformation and collapse during the burning process.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the polypropylene composition.
- a polypropylene composition comprising the following components in parts by weight:
- the content of the polypropylene resin is not less than 25wt%.
- the diameter of the basalt fiber is 5-10 microns, and the magnesium content is greater than 5wt%.
- the magnesium content of the basalt fiber can be determined by X-ray fluorescence diffraction.
- the crushing rate (2.3 ⁇ B-2.3 ⁇ A) / (2.3 ⁇ B-A ⁇ B), wherein A is the true density of the hollow glass microspheres before pressurization, and B is the true density of the hollow glass microspheres after pressurization.
- the piperazine flame retardant can be selected from any one or more of piperazine phosphate, piperazine pyrophosphate or piperazine polyphosphate.
- the inorganic phosphide can be selected from any one or more of melamine phosphate, melamine pyrophosphate or melamine polyphosphate.
- the synergistic flame retardant can be selected from any one or more of zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, lanthanum oxide or silicon dioxide.
- the compatibilizer is selected from PP grafted maleic anhydride.
- the polypropylene composition of the present invention further comprises 0.01-1.5 parts by weight of other additives; the other additives include any one or more of antioxidants or lubricants.
- Suitable antioxidants may be selected from any one or more of hindered phenol antioxidants, phosphate antioxidants or thioether antioxidants.
- Suitable lubricants may be selected from any one or more of polyethylene wax, EBS, erucamide or oleamide.
- the polypropylene composition of the present invention may further contain other components such as an antistatic agent and a colorant without impairing the effects of the present invention.
- a twin-screw extruder is used for melt blending, extrusion granulation and drying to prepare a polypropylene composition; wherein the temperature of the twin-screw extruder is set to 150-200°C; the feed speed is 250-350rpm; the die temperature is 200-210°C; the main engine speed is 300-500rpm/min; and the vacuum degree is lower than -0.1MPa.
- the present invention also provides the use of the above-mentioned polypropylene composition as a battery pack shell material; it is particularly suitable for large battery pack covers, for example, suitable for battery pack covers with a size of 1m ⁇ 1m or more.
- the polypropylene composition of the present invention selects a high heat-resistant piperazine flame retardant system, and by adding a combination of basalt fiber and hollow glass microspheres, the heat insulation effect of the material can be effectively improved, and during the burning process, it can play a good skeleton support role and is not easy to deform and collapse, thereby obtaining excellent ablation resistance.
- the warping deformation of injection molded parts can be reduced, thereby achieving a polypropylene composition with both low warping and ablation resistance characteristics, and can especially meet the use requirements of large battery pack shell materials for materials.
- Polypropylene resin 1 HP500N, CNOOC Shell;
- Polypropylene resin 2 EP548R, CNOOC Shell;
- Piperazine flame retardant piperazine pyrophosphate, JNP-2, Sichuan Institute of Fine Chemicals;
- Inorganic phosphide melamine pyrophosphate, MPP, Shandong Shian Chemical;
- Synergistic flame retardant zinc oxide, commercially available
- Basalt fiber 1 diameter 7 microns, magnesium content 6wt%; manufacturer is Shijin, brand BCF-6-307;
- Basalt fiber 2 diameter 10 microns, magnesium content 2wt%; manufacturer is Shijin, brand BCF-5-310;
- Basalt fiber 3 diameter 13 microns, magnesium content 7wt%; manufacturer is Shijin, brand BCF-6-313;
- Basalt fiber 4 diameter 10 microns, magnesium content 6.5wt%; manufacturer is Shijin, brand BCF-6-410;
- Glass fiber diameter is 10 microns, the manufacturer is Jushi, the brand is ECS10-03-508C;
- Hollow glass microsphere 1 compressive strength 110MPa, true density 0.46g/cm 3 , particle size D50 20 ⁇ m; manufacturer 3M, brand IM16k;
- Hollow glass microsphere 2 compressive strength 124MPa, true density 0.6g/cm 3 , particle size D50 30 ⁇ m; manufacturer 3M, brand S60HS;
- Hollow glass microsphere 3 compressive strength 190MPa, true density 1.1g/cm 3 , particle size D50 10 ⁇ m; manufacturer: Saint-Laite, brand: HM15;
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
一种聚丙烯组合物,按重量份计,包括以下组分:聚丙烯树脂30-50份;哌嗪阻燃剂15-24份;无机磷化物6-14份;协效阻燃剂0.5-1.5份;玄武岩纤维20-35份;空心玻璃微珠7-15份;相容剂2-5份。聚丙烯组合物选择高耐热哌嗪阻燃剂阻燃体系,通过加入玄武岩纤维和空心玻璃微珠组合,能够有效提高材料的隔热效果,且在火烧过程中能够起到很好的骨架支撑作用而不易变形下塌,获得优异的耐烧蚀性能,同时能够减少注塑制件的翘曲变形,实现了兼具低翘曲和耐烧蚀特性的聚丙烯组合物,特别能够满足大型电池包外壳材料对材料的使用需求。
Description
本发明涉及高分子材料技术领域,具体涉及一种聚丙烯组合物及其制备方法和应用。
相比传统燃油汽车,新能源汽车的续航里程是制约其发展的重要因素之一,而电池包作为动力源是新能源汽车的重要核心部件,因此,电池包的轻量化、安全性设计及材料选择直接影响了电动汽车的发展和普及。电池包主体由壳体包覆电池模块而构成,电池壳体对电池模块的安全工作和防护起着关键作用,其分为上壳体和下壳体两部分,上壳体即为上盖,其主要作用是防护、密封并与汽车车厢隔离。目前新能源车用电池包上盖材料主要有金属材料、玻纤增强的热固性塑料(SMC、PCM等),以及增强阻燃的PPO、PPS、PP等材料。金属材料由于其自身比重较大、绝缘性和耐腐蚀性差、成型工艺复杂耗时长等缺点,正逐渐被高分子复合材料替代;玻纤增强的热固性塑料使用后不能回收再利用,不符合环保低碳的循环经济发展方向,也正逐步被热塑性塑料所替代;已报道的增强阻燃PPO、PPS等工程塑料其价格高昂,不适于较大尺寸的大型电池包上盖。
聚丙烯(PP)是一种使用广泛、来源丰富和价格低廉的通用塑料,其密度低、耐化学品优异、成型性优良,具有良好的综合性能和高性价比,成为电池包上盖材料的选择之一。电池包壳体材料的核心要求是需要通过GB/T31467.3-2015的外部火烧测试,而且要求燃烧过程中不产生大量有毒有害气体。通过对普通聚丙烯材料进行增强阻燃改性,获得满足电池包上盖使用要求的新一代低烟、无卤、耐烧蚀和隔热阻燃增强PP将成为技术发展的趋势。中国专利申请CN114369303A公开了一种无卤隔热耐烧蚀阻燃聚丙烯材料,通过在无卤哌嗪阻燃剂体系中加入长玻璃纤维母粒和成陶填料,同时辅助熔剂,使材料具有一定的耐烧蚀效果,但在实际应用中发现,该材料在火烧过程中会出现变形塌陷问题,且其注塑制件存在翘曲变形问题,限制了该材料的应用空间。
为了克服上述现有技术存在的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种低翘曲、耐烧蚀的聚丙烯组合物,在火烧过程中不易出现变形塌陷问题。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述聚丙烯组合物的制备方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种聚丙烯组合物,按重量份计,包括以下组分:
聚丙烯树脂 30-50份;
哌嗪阻燃剂 15-24份;
无机磷化物 6-14份;
协效阻燃剂 0.5-1.5份;
玄武岩纤维 20-35份;
空心玻璃微珠 7-15份;
相容剂 2-5份。
本发明对聚丙烯树脂无特别要求,均聚聚丙烯树脂或共聚聚丙烯树脂均能实现本发明效果;优选采用在230℃、2.16kg条件下的熔融指数为10-200 g/10min 的聚丙烯树脂。
本发明所述聚丙烯组合物中,聚丙烯树脂的含量不低于25wt%。
优选的,所述玄武岩纤维的直径为5-10微米,镁元素含量>5wt%。所述玄武岩纤维镁元素含量可通过X荧光衍射法测定。
优选的,所述空心玻璃微珠的耐压强度介于100-180MPa之间,真密度为0.4-0.9g/cm
3。
所述真密度采用气体置换法测试,主要是将样品在电子天平上称重,然后将盛放样品的杯子放入真密度检测仪(麦克默瑞提克真密度检测仪)测试仓,拧紧盖子,最后在全自动真密度分析仪上输入样品重量,运算出样品的真密度。所述耐压强度可通过以下方法测得:A、设定产品规格对应压力值,将测定过真密度的空心玻璃微珠放入气体加压设备密闭容器中;B、启动加压设备,达到设定压力值后保压5 分钟;C、泄压后取出样品,检测真密度;D、根据加压前后的真密度变化计算出微珠破碎率,破碎率在20%为临界压力值,即测得空心玻璃微珠的耐压强度。
所述破碎率=(2.3×B-2.3×A)/(2.3×B-A×B),其中,A为加压前空心玻璃微珠的真密度,B为加压后的空心玻璃微珠的真密度。
进一步优选的,所述空心玻璃微珠的粒径D50<25μm。
优选的,所述聚丙烯组合物中玄武岩纤维的重量含量为(1.5-4):1;优选为(1.5-3.5):1。
优选的,所述哌嗪阻燃剂可选自磷酸哌嗪、焦磷酸哌嗪或多磷酸哌嗪中的任意一种或几种。
优选的,所述无机磷化物可选自磷酸蜜胺、焦磷酸蜜胺或多磷酸蜜胺中的任意一种或几种。
优选的,所述协效阻燃剂可选自氧化锌、氧化镁、氧化铝、氧化镧或二氧化硅中的任意一种或几种。
优选的,所述相容剂选自PP接枝马来酸酐。
优选的,本发明的聚丙烯组合物,按重量份数计,还包括0.01-1.5份其它助剂;所述其他助剂包括抗氧剂或润滑剂中的任意一种或几种。
合适的抗氧剂可选自受阻酚类抗氧剂、磷酸酯类抗氧剂或硫醚类抗氧剂中的任意一种或多种。
合适的润滑剂可选自聚乙烯蜡、EBS、芥酸酰胺或油酸酰胺中的任意一种或多种。
本发明所述的聚丙烯组合物,在不损害本发明的效果的情况下,还可以含有抗静电剂、着色剂等其他组分。
本发明还提供上述聚丙烯组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
按照配比,将各组分混匀后,采用双螺杆挤出机进行熔融共混、挤出造粒、干燥,制备得到聚丙烯组合物;其中,双螺杆挤出机的温度设置为150-200℃;喂料转速为 250-350rpm;口模温度为200-210℃;主机转速为300-500rpm/min;真空度低于-0.1MPa。
本发明还提供上述聚丙烯组合物作为电池包外壳材料的应用;特别适用于大型电池包上盖等,例如,适用于1m×1m以上尺寸的电池包上盖。
本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明的聚丙烯组合物,选择高耐热哌嗪阻燃剂阻燃体系,通过加入玄武岩纤维和空心玻璃微珠组合,能够有效提高材料的隔热效果,且在火烧过程中能够起到很好的骨架支撑作用而不易变形下塌,获得优异的耐烧蚀性能,同时能够减少注塑制件的翘曲变形,实现了兼具低翘曲和耐烧蚀特性的聚丙烯组合物,特别能够满足大型电池包外壳材料对材料的使用需求。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明,但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是,对本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进。这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
对本发明实施例及对比例所用的试剂做如下说明,但不限于这些材料:
聚丙烯树脂1:HP500N,中海壳牌;
聚丙烯树脂2: EP548R,中海壳牌;
哌嗪阻燃剂 :焦磷酸哌嗪,JNP-2,四川省精细化工研究院;
无机磷化物:焦磷酸蜜胺,MPP,山东世安化工;
协效阻燃剂:氧化锌,市售;
玄武岩纤维1:直径为 7 微米,镁元素含量 6wt% ;生产厂家为石金,牌号为BCF-6-307;
玄武岩纤维2:直径为10微米,镁元素含量2wt%;生产厂家为石金,牌号为BCF-5-310;
玄武岩纤维3:直径为13微米,镁元素含量7wt%;生产厂家为石金,牌号为BCF-6-313;
玄武岩纤维4:直径为10微米,镁元素含量6.5wt%;生产厂家为石金,牌号为BCF-6-410;
玻璃纤维:直径为10微米,生产厂家为巨石,牌号为ECS10-03-508C;
空心玻璃微珠1:耐压强度110MPa,真密度为0.46g/cm
3,粒径D50为20μm;生产厂家为3M,牌号为IM16k;
空心玻璃微珠2:耐压强度124MPa,真密度为0.6g/cm
3,粒径D50为30μm;生产厂家为3M,牌号为S60HS;
空心玻璃微珠3:耐压强度190MPa,真密度为1.1g/cm
3,粒径D50为10μm;生产厂家为圣莱特,牌号为HM15;
空心玻璃微珠4:耐压强度55MPa,真密度为0.42g/cm
3,粒径D50为24μm,生产厂家为圣莱特,牌号为HS42;
相容剂1:PP接枝马来酸酐,牌号PC-3,市售;
相容剂2:POE接枝马来酸酐,牌号PC-28,市售;
抗氧剂:受阻酚类抗氧剂1010与磷酸酯类抗氧剂168质量比为1:2,市售;实施例和对比例均采用相同抗氧剂;
润滑剂:EBS B50,芥酸酰胺,市售;实施例和对比例均采用相同润滑剂。
实施例和对比例的制备方法:
按照配比,将各组分混匀后,采用双螺杆挤出机进行熔融共混、挤出造粒、干燥,制备得到聚丙烯组合物;其中,双螺杆挤出机的各段螺杆温度从加料口到机头的温度分别为:一区150-160℃,二区180-190℃,三区180-200℃,四区180-200℃,五区180-200℃;喂料转速为 250-350rpm;口模温度为200-210℃;主机转速为300-500rpm/min;真空度低于-0.1MPa。
相关性能测试方法:
(1)阻燃性能:参照UL94-2013测试阻燃等级。
(2)注塑变形量测试:注塑100*100*2mm方板试样,按住其中一角,然后测试对立角翘起的最高高度(即变形量),测试3块试样,求取变形量平均值。
(3)耐烧蚀性能:将材料样板(试样规格为 100mm×100mm×2.0mm),竖直放置,平板与水平面角度 85°~95°,采用丙烷/丁烷火焰对样板表面进行烧蚀,采用热电偶测量样板上火焰中心处温度,要求温度在1000℃-1200℃,火焰烧蚀时间10min。
①观察烧穿情况:将烧蚀后的样板对光检测,观察是否有透光。若无穿孔透光情况,则通过耐烧蚀性能测试;
②测试烧蚀变形量:将烧蚀后的样板水平放置,测量中间位置下榻的高度即为烧蚀变形量。
表1:实施例1-9各组分配比(按重量份数计)及相关性能测试结果
表2:对比例1-5各组分配比(按重量份数计)及相关性能测试结果
表3:对比例6-11各组分配比(按重量份数计)及相关性能测试结果
由上述结果看出本发明的聚丙烯组合物通过加入玄武岩纤维和空心玻璃微珠组合,二者协效作用能够有效提高材料的隔热效果,且在火烧过程中能够起到很好的骨架支撑作用而不易变形下塌,获得优异的耐烧蚀性能,同时能够减少注塑制件的翘曲变形,实现了兼具低翘曲和耐烧蚀特性的聚丙烯组合物。
对比例1,玄武岩纤维的镁元素含量过低,材料耐热温度低,影响在火烧时的抗变形。
对比例2,玄武岩纤维的直径过大,会增大注塑制件的翘曲变形,且在火烧时的抗变形效果差。
对比例3,采用玻璃纤维,并不能有效提高在火烧时的抗变形。
对比例4/5,空心玻璃微珠的耐压强度不在要求范围内,均达不到好的抗变形效果。
对比例6/7,不加入玄武岩纤维或玄武岩纤维加入量过少,在火烧时的会出现明显的变形下塌问题。
对比例8,玄武岩纤维加入过量,会增大注塑制件的翘曲变形,且反而会影响在火烧时的抗变形。
对比例9/10,不加入空心玻璃微珠或空心玻璃微珠加入量过少,注塑制件有明显的翘曲变形,且在火烧时的会出现明显的变形下塌问题。
对比例11,空心玻璃微珠加入过量,会影响材料燃烧形成碳层,导致材料阻燃性能降低,且无法通过耐烧蚀测试。
Claims (10)
- 一种聚丙烯组合物,其特征在于,按重量份计,包括以下组分:聚丙烯树脂 30-50份;哌嗪阻燃剂 15-24份;无机磷化物 6-14份;协效阻燃剂 0.5-1.5份;玄武岩纤维 20-35份;空心玻璃微珠 7-15份;相容剂 2-5份。
- 根据权利要求1所述的聚丙烯组合物,其特征在于,所述玄武岩纤维的平均直径为5-10微米,镁元素含量>5wt%。
- 根据权利要求1所述的聚丙烯组合物,其特征在于,所述空心玻璃微珠的耐压强度介于100-180MPa之间,真密度为0.4-0.9g/cm 3。
- 根据权利要求3所述的聚丙烯组合物,其特征在于,所述空心玻璃微珠的粒径D50<25μm。
- 根据权利要求1所述的聚丙烯组合物,其特征在于,所述玄武岩纤维与空心玻璃微珠的重量比例为(1.5-4):1;优选为(1.5-3.5):1。
- 根据权利要求1所述的聚丙烯组合物,其特征在于,所述哌嗪阻燃剂选自磷酸哌嗪、焦磷酸哌嗪或多磷酸哌嗪中的任意一种或几种;所述无机磷化物选自磷酸蜜胺、焦磷酸蜜胺或多磷酸蜜胺中的任意一种或几种;所述协效阻燃剂选自氧化锌、氧化镁、氧化铝、氧化镧或二氧化硅中的任意一种或几种。
- 根据权利要求1所述的聚丙烯组合物,其特征在于,所述相容剂选自PP接枝马来酸酐。
- 根据权利要求1所述的聚丙烯组合物,其特征在于,按重量份数计,还包括0.01-1.5份其它助剂;所述其他助剂包括抗氧剂或润滑剂中的任意一种或几种。
- 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的聚丙烯组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:按照配比,将各组分混匀后,采用双螺杆挤出机进行熔融共混、挤出造粒、干燥,制备得到聚丙烯组合物;其中,双螺杆挤出机的温度设置为150-200℃;喂料转速为 250-350rpm;口模温度为200-210℃;主机转速为300-500rpm/min;真空度低于-0.1MPa。
- 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的聚丙烯组合物作为电池包外壳材料的应用。
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