Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
  • C10L1/326—Coal-water suspensions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L2250/00—Structural features of fuel components or fuel compositions, either in solid, liquid or gaseous state
  • C10L2250/06—Particle, bubble or droplet size
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
  • C10L2290/02—Combustion or pyrolysis
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
  • C10L2290/24—Mixing, stirring of fuel components
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
  • C10L2290/28—Cutting, disintegrating, shredding or grinding
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
  • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
  • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

• biomass-containing fuels that have a high biomass content to increase heating value and also have excellent fluidity from the perspective of ease of handling, etc.
• the water in the biomass-containing fuel evaporates and expands in volume when the fuel is burned, and therefore also serves as a power energy source for driving an internal combustion engine.
• the water content can be determined depending on the application of the fuel, taking into consideration the balance with the heat amount derived from the carbide.
• the water content is not particularly limited, but is preferably 30 to 60 mass% relative to 100 mass% of the biomass-containing fuel. It is more preferably 35 to 57 mass%, even more preferably 35 to 55 mass%, even more preferably 35 to 50 mass%, and particularly preferably 40 to 50 mass%.
• the water contained in the biomass-containing fuel may be recovered water produced during steaming.
• woody plants include conifers such as cedar, fir, cypress, Japanese cypress, pine, ginkgo, Japanese kaya, and yew, and broad-leaved trees such as eucalyptus, acacia, white birch, beech, oak, katsura, sawtooth oak, cherry, zelkova, maple, chestnut, oak, paulownia, poplar, teak, and mahogany. Of these, cedar and acacia are preferred.
• herbaceous plants include rice (straw, rice husk), wheat (straw, rice husk), buckwheat (straw, rice husk), sugarcane (bagasse), Erianthus, corn, rapeseed, soybean, palm, reed, bamboo, bamboo, sugar beet, etc.
• sugarcane (bagasse) is preferred.
• the plants in the plant biomass are preferably woody plants, since they contain little ash.
• the steamed carbonized plant biomass preferably has a nitrogen content of 1.0% by mass or less, more preferably 0.7% by mass or less, and even more preferably 0.5% by mass or less.
• the nitrogen content can be measured, for example, in accordance with JIS M8813:2004.
• the dispersant contained in the biomass-containing fuel of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can disperse the steamed carbonized product of plant biomass in water.
• polyalkylarylsulfonate-based dispersants such as naphthalenesulfonic acid formaldehyde condensates; melamine formalin resin sulfonate-based dispersants such as melamine sulfonic acid formaldehyde condensates; aromatic aminosulfonate-based dispersants such as aminoarylsulfonic acid-phenol-formaldehyde condensates; lignin sulfonate-based dispersants such as lignin sulfonates and modified lignin sulfonates; polystyrene sulfonate-based dispersants; various sulfonic acid-based dispersants having a sulfonic acid group in the molecule such as nonylpheny
• surfactant examples include anionic surfactants such as sulfonates, dialkyl sulfosuccinates, alkyl phosphate salts, and acylsarcosinates; (vii) cationic surfactants such as alkylamine salts, quaternary amine salts, and alkylpyridinium sulfate salts; (viii) nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyalkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylphenol ethers, oxyethylene-oxypropylene block polymers, polyoxyethylene alkylamines, sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, alkyltrimethylammonium chlorides, alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chlorides, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, aliphatic alcohol polyoxyethylene ethers, polyhydric alcohol fatty acid esters, and ethanolamides of fatty acids; and (ix) amphoteric surfactants such as alkyl
• R 4 in the above formula (1) represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms. It is preferably a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, even more preferably a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, particularly preferably a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and most preferably a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
• the organic solvent is not particularly limited, but examples include alcohols having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, and phenoxyethanol; glycols, such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, and hexylene glycol; acetone; and ethyl acetate.
• alcohols having 1 to 8 carbon atoms such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, and phenoxyethanol
• glycols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, and hexylene glycol
• acetone such as acetone
• ethyl acetate examples include alcohols having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, and phenoxyethanol
• glycols such as ethylene glycol,
• the steaming time in the carbonization process is not particularly limited, but is preferably 3 minutes to 3 hours. More preferably, it is 5 minutes to 1 hour.
• the equipment for carrying out the carbonization process is not particularly limited, but examples include horizontal moving bed reactors such as mesh belt type continuous calciners, tunnel kilns, and rotary kilns; twin-screw extruders, etc.
• ⁇ Method of measuring particle size The pulverized biomass carbonized material was added to a 10% aqueous solution of naphthalenesulfonic acid-formalin condensate so that the concentration was 10%, and the dispersion was dispersed for 15 minutes using an ultrasonic disperser. The dispersed particle size distribution of this was measured using a laser diffraction/scattering type particle size distribution measuring device (LA-950V2, manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.).
• Dispersant (1) Naphthalenesulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensate
• the naphthalenesulfonic acid-formalin condensate used was a product generally used as a cement water reducing agent (weight average molecular weight: about 1200).
• Dispersant (2) Polyvinylpyrrolidone
• the polyvinylpyrrolidone used had a K value (characteristic viscosity value) of 30.
• Dispersant (5) Polycarboxylic acid-based dispersant (3)
• a copolymer of acrylic acid (AA) and methoxypolyethylene glycol methacrylate (average number of moles of ethylene oxide added: 23) (PGM23E) (mass ratio of AA:PGM23E 35:65, weight average molecular weight: 52,000) was used.
• Example 2 1 g of the cedar carbonized powder of each average particle size obtained in Example 1 was weighed into a sample tube, and an aqueous solution of the dispersant (5) used in Example 1 diluted to 1.5% was added thereto so that the dispersant concentration was 1% or 2% relative to the carbonized material, and water was added while adjusting the dispersion concentration of the carbonized material to each concentration shown in Tables 2 to 6.
• the sample tube was sealed and dispersed for 15 minutes using an ultrasonic disperser, and then the contents were stirred with a spatula to loosen them, and dispersed for another 15 minutes using the ultrasonic disperser to obtain a biomass-containing composition (biomass-containing fuel). The viscosity of each of the obtained compositions was measured, and the results are shown in Tables 2 to 6.

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• Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

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• 2024
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