WO2025007347A1 - 用于水电解槽或燃料电池的支撑环及单元 - Google Patents

用于水电解槽或燃料电池的支撑环及单元 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025007347A1
WO2025007347A1 PCT/CN2023/106146 CN2023106146W WO2025007347A1 WO 2025007347 A1 WO2025007347 A1 WO 2025007347A1 CN 2023106146 W CN2023106146 W CN 2023106146W WO 2025007347 A1 WO2025007347 A1 WO 2025007347A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
support ring
ring
electrode plate
flow channel
support
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2023/106146
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李定
刘鑫
韦剑飞
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Publication date
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Priority to PCT/CN2023/106146 priority Critical patent/WO2025007347A1/zh
Publication of WO2025007347A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025007347A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
    • H01M8/0273—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes with sealing or supporting means in the form of a frame
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of water electrolyzers or fuel cells, and more specifically, to a support ring and a unit for a water electrolyzer or a fuel cell.
  • a water electrolyzer or fuel cell includes at least a pair of end plates arranged opposite to each other and a plurality of interconnected units between the end plates.
  • each unit includes a first plate 110 ', a second plate 120 ', a frame 130 ', a catalyst membrane 140 ', a gasket 184 ', a sealing ring 160 ', a titanium mesh 181 ', a titanium felt 182 ', a carbon paper 150 ', and a steel mesh 183 '.
  • the two sides of the catalyst membrane 140 ' are different substances.
  • the sealing ring 160 ' can prevent the mixing of different substances on both sides.
  • the purpose of the present application is to provide a support ring and a unit for a water electrolyzer or a fuel cell, so as to reduce the wear of the catalyst membrane and extend the service life.
  • the present application provides a support ring for a water electrolyzer or a fuel cell.
  • the support ring is a sheet-shaped annular frame.
  • At least a first flow channel is provided on the support ring. The first flow channel is used to connect the fluid inside and outside the support ring.
  • the support ring is square, and the support ring includes two groups of opposite side frames, wherein the first flow channel is arranged on one group of opposite side frames.
  • a second flow channel is further provided on the support ring, the second flow channel is used to connect the fluid inside and outside the support ring, and the second flow channel is provided on another set of opposite side frames.
  • first flow channels there are multiple first flow channels, and the multiple first flow channels are evenly arranged on the side frame of the support ring; there are multiple second flow channels, and the multiple second flow channels are evenly arranged on the side frame of the support ring.
  • the support ring is a plastic support ring or a metal support ring.
  • the present application also provides a unit for a water electrolyzer or a fuel cell, the unit comprising: a first electrode plate, a second electrode plate, a frame, a catalyst membrane, carbon paper, a sealing ring and the above-mentioned support ring,
  • the frame is located between the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate, and has an active area.
  • the catalyst membrane and the carbon paper are located in the active area.
  • the sealing ring is located at the periphery of the catalyst membrane to block substances on both sides of the catalyst membrane.
  • the support ring is used to support the sealing ring.
  • the support ring is opposite to the sealing ring, and the support ring is used to support the sealing ring on the first electrode plate or the second electrode plate.
  • the support ring and the carbon paper are located on the same side of the catalyst membrane, and the support ring is located outside the carbon paper, a third flow channel is provided on the frame, and the first flow channel connects the carbon paper and the third flow channel.
  • At least a portion of the sealing ring overlaps with the outer circumference of the catalyst membrane
  • at least a portion of the supporting ring overlaps with the outer circumference of the catalyst membrane
  • the outer circumference of the catalyst membrane is sandwiched between the supporting ring and the sealing ring.
  • a support step is provided on the outer side of the active area of the frame, one side of the sealing ring is supported on the support step, and the other side is supported on the first electrode plate or the second electrode plate through the support ring.
  • the sealing ring of each unit is located at the periphery of the catalyst membrane to block the substances on both sides of the catalyst membrane.
  • Each unit is provided with a support ring, and the support ring is used to support the sealing ring. That is, the sealing ring can play a sealing role to block the substances on both sides of the catalyst membrane to prevent mixing.
  • the sealing ring is supported by the support ring, and the support ring is used to support the sealing ring.
  • the ring can provide a mounting base for the sealing ring, which can reduce the friction between the carbon paper and the catalyst membrane during sealing, reduce the wear of the catalyst membrane, and extend the service life of the catalyst membrane, thereby extending the service life of the unit and the water electrolyzer or fuel cell.
  • FIG1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a unit in the related art of this application.
  • FIG2 is a structural diagram of a water electrolyzer or a fuel cell in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG3 is a structural diagram of a unit in an embodiment of the present application (part of the structure is removed);
  • FIG4 is a partial cross-sectional view of a unit in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG5 is a structural diagram of a support ring in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a structural diagram of a support ring in another embodiment of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a support ring 170 for a water electrolyzer or a fuel cell.
  • the support ring 170 is used in each unit 100 of the water electrolyzer or the fuel cell, and the support ring 170 is used to support the sealing ring 160 in the unit 100.
  • the support ring 170 is a sheet-shaped annular frame.
  • the shape of the support ring 170 can be the same as that of the sealing ring 160 to achieve better support for the sealing ring 160 .
  • At least a first flow channel 171 is provided on the support ring 170, and the first flow channel 171 is used to connect the fluid inside and outside the support ring 170. Specifically, the active area of each unit 100 will produce liquid or gas, etc. These liquids or gases can diffuse from the inside of the support ring 170 to the outside of the support ring 170 through the first flow channel 171.
  • the support of the support ring 170 provides a good installation foundation for the sealing ring 160.
  • the sealing ring 160 can be sealed by squeezing the support ring 170. Therefore, when squeezing, it is avoided to cause a large friction between the carbon paper 150 and the catalyst membrane 140 in the unit 100, thereby reducing the wear of the catalyst membrane 140 and extending the service life of the catalyst membrane 140.
  • the support ring 170 is square.
  • the support ring 170 includes two sets of opposite side frames, one set of which is provided with a first flow channel 171.
  • the first flow channels 171 are symmetrically distributed on the support ring 170, and during extrusion, a uniform force can be applied to the sealing ring 160 to obtain a better sealing effect.
  • a second flow channel 172 is also provided on the distribution support ring 170.
  • the second flow channel 172 is used to connect the fluid inside and outside the support ring 170.
  • the second flow channel 172 is provided on another set of opposite side frames. That is, flow channels are provided on both sets of opposite side frames of the support ring 170.
  • the first flow channel 171 is provided on one set of opposite side frames, and the second flow channel 172 is provided on the other set of opposite side frames. In this way, the number of flow channels can be increased, thereby improving the efficiency of diffusion.
  • the first flow channel 171 and the second flow channel 172 are symmetrically distributed on the support ring 170, and during extrusion, force can be evenly applied to the sealing ring 160 to obtain a better sealing effect.
  • first flow channels 171 there are multiple first flow channels 171, and the multiple first flow channels 171 are evenly arranged on the side frame of the support ring 170.
  • second flow channels 172 there are multiple second flow channels 172, and the multiple second flow channels 172 are evenly arranged on the side frame of the support ring 170. In this way, uniform diffusion of the fluid can be achieved, and uniform force can be applied to the sealing ring 160 to obtain a better sealing effect.
  • the support ring 170 is a plastic support ring or a metal support ring.
  • the plastic can be resin or polytetrafluoroethylene, and the metal can be various commonly used metals.
  • the surface of the support ring 170 can be processed to be smoother, and the roughness can be easily reduced, thereby avoiding wear on various structural parts around the support ring 170, thereby extending the service life of each structural part.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a unit 100 for a water electrolyzer or a fuel cell.
  • the structure of a water electrolyzer and a fuel cell is the same, and the only difference is that the reaction principle of the active area is opposite.
  • the water electrolyzer after water is electrolyzed in the catalyst membrane 140, hydrogen is produced on one side and oxygen is produced on the other side.
  • the fuel cell the hydrogen on one side and the oxygen on the other side synthesize water in the catalyst membrane 140 to generate electricity.
  • the detailed description is mainly based on the water electrolyzer as an example.
  • the structure of the fuel cell is the same as that of the water electrolyzer, so the fuel cell is not described in detail.
  • the water electrolyzer or fuel cell comprises at least a pair of oppositely disposed end plates and a plurality of interconnected units 100 located between the end plates.
  • the unit 100 in the embodiment of the present application includes a first electrode plate 110, a second electrode plate 120, a frame 130 , catalyst membrane 140 , carbon paper 150 , sealing ring 160 , and support ring 170 , wherein support ring 170 is the support ring 170 described above.
  • the first electrode plate 110 and the second electrode plate 120 are both electrode plates, and the first electrode plate 110 and the second electrode plate 120 are respectively a cathode plate and an anode plate.
  • the first and the second are used for distinction.
  • one of the first electrode plate 110 and the second electrode plate 120 is a cathode plate, and the other is an anode plate.
  • the first electrode plate 110 may be a cathode plate and the second electrode plate 120 may be an anode plate, or the first electrode plate 110 may be an anode plate and the second electrode plate 120 may be a cathode plate. It depends on the specific situation.
  • the frame 130 is located between the first electrode plate 110 and the second electrode plate 120, and the frame 130 has an active area.
  • the frame 130 is the main support part of the unit 100, and provides a mounting base for various structural components of the unit 100.
  • the first electrode plate 110 and the second electrode plate 120 are distributed on both sides of the frame 130, and the catalyst membrane 140, the carbon paper 150 and other structural components are located in the active area.
  • the catalyst membrane 140 is a membrane coated with a catalyst, which can promote the reaction.
  • the two sides of the catalyst membrane 140 are different substances.
  • hydrogen is produced on one side and oxygen is produced on the other side.
  • the hydrogen on one side and the oxygen on the other side are synthesized into water in the catalyst membrane 140 to generate electricity.
  • the carbon paper 150 is also called a gas diffusion layer.
  • the carbon paper 150 In a water electrolyzer, the carbon paper 150 is located on the cathode side to transport water and hydrogen generated on the cathode side to the manifold for collection. In a fuel cell, the carbon paper 150 is also located on the cathode side to diffuse the generated water and gas.
  • the catalyst membrane 140 and the carbon paper 150 are located in the active area, and the sealing ring 160 is located at the periphery of the catalyst membrane 140 to block the substances on both sides of the catalyst membrane 140 and prevent the substances on both sides of the catalyst membrane 140 from mixing.
  • the mixing of hydrogen and oxygen can be avoided, and the explosion caused by the mixing of hydrogen and oxygen can be avoided, thereby improving safety.
  • the support ring 170 is used to support the sealing ring 160.
  • the support of the support ring 170 provides a good installation foundation for the sealing ring 160.
  • the sealing ring 160 can be sealed by squeezing the support ring 170. Therefore, when squeezing, it is avoided to cause a large friction between the carbon paper 150 and the catalyst film 140, thereby reducing the wear of the catalyst film 140 and extending the service life of the catalyst film 140.
  • the sealing ring 160 is an elastic annular sealing member, and may be an O-ring or other sealing members.
  • the sealing ring 160 of each unit 100 Located at the periphery of the catalyst membrane 140 to block the substances on both sides of the catalyst membrane 140.
  • the support ring 170 supports the sealing ring 160.
  • the sealing ring 160 can play a sealing role to block the substances on both sides of the catalyst membrane 140 to prevent mixing.
  • the support ring 170 can reduce the friction between the carbon paper 150 and the catalyst membrane 140 during sealing, reduce the wear of the catalyst membrane 140, and extend the service life of the catalyst membrane 140, thereby extending the service life of the unit 100.
  • the support ring 170 is opposite to the sealing ring 160, and can better support the sealing ring 160.
  • the support ring 170 is used to support the sealing ring 160 on the first electrode plate 110 or the second electrode plate 120. That is, the sealing ring 160 is supported on the first electrode plate 110 or the second electrode plate 120 by the support ring 170, and does not need to be supported by the carbon paper 150, so that the friction between the carbon paper 150 and the catalyst film 140 during sealing can be reduced, the wear of the catalyst film 140 can be reduced, and the service life of the catalyst film 140 can be extended, thereby extending the service life of the unit 100 and the water electrolyzer or fuel cell.
  • the unit 100 also includes other structural parts such as a gasket 184, a titanium mesh 181, a titanium felt 182 and a steel mesh 183, which will not be described in detail herein.
  • the sealing ring 160 is supported on the first electrode plate 110 or the second electrode plate 120 through the support ring 170. In this way, the friction between the carbon paper 150 and the catalyst film 140 during sealing can be reduced, the wear of the catalyst film 140 can be reduced, and the service life of the catalyst film 140 can be extended, thereby extending the service life of the unit 100 and the water electrolyzer or fuel cell.
  • the support ring 170 and the carbon paper 150 are located on the same side of the catalyst membrane 140.
  • the support ring 170 and the carbon paper 150 can serve together as a gas diffusion layer.
  • the support ring 170 is located on the outside of the carbon paper 150, where the outside is the circumferential outside of the carbon paper 150. Therefore, the support ring 170 and the carbon paper 150 do not overlap. First, the amount of carbon paper 150 used is reduced. Secondly, when the support ring 170 squeezes the sealing ring 160, it will not directly squeeze the carbon paper 150, thereby not generating a large pressure on the catalyst membrane 140 below the carbon paper 150, thereby avoiding wear as much as possible.
  • the support ring 170 is provided with a first flow channel 171
  • the frame body 130 is provided with a third flow channel 132
  • the first flow channel 171 connects the carbon paper 150 and the third flow channel 132 .
  • the second flow channel 172 connects the carbon paper 150 and the third flow channel 132 .
  • the carbon paper 150 is located above the catalyst membrane 140, or the carbon paper 150 covers the catalyst membrane 140.
  • the carbon paper 150 can absorb the gas and diffuse it to the manifold. For example, it can diffuse into the frame 130 and then be collected into the manifold through the third flow channel 132 of the frame 130.
  • the first electrode plate 110 is a cathode plate
  • the second electrode plate 120 is an anode plate.
  • the sealing ring 160 is supported on the first electrode plate 110 by the support ring 170.
  • the support ring 170 is located on the outer side of the circumference of the carbon paper 150, and the carbon paper 150 no longer needs to be squeezed between the sealing ring 160 and the first electrode plate 110, thereby reducing the force on the carbon paper 150.
  • the support ring 170 is provided with a first flow channel 171, and the gas absorbed in the carbon paper 150 can first diffuse to the support ring 170, reach the frame 130 through the first flow channel 171, and then reach the manifold through the third flow channel 132 for collection. Therefore, the diffusion of the gas in the carbon paper 150 can be achieved through the first flow channel 171, and the carbon paper 150 does not need to be directly connected to the frame 130, thereby avoiding the carbon paper 150 squeezing the catalyst membrane 140.
  • At least a portion of the sealing ring 160 overlaps with the outer periphery of the catalyst film 140 .
  • At least a portion of the supporting ring 170 overlaps with the outer periphery of the catalyst film 140 .
  • the outer periphery of the catalyst film 140 is sandwiched between the supporting ring 170 and the sealing ring 160 .
  • the entire sealing ring 160 may overlap with the outer periphery of the catalyst membrane 140, and the contact area between the sealing ring 160 and the catalyst membrane 140 is large, thereby avoiding damage to the catalyst membrane 140.
  • the entire supporting ring 170 may overlap with the outer periphery of the catalyst membrane 140, and the contact area between the supporting ring 170 and the catalyst membrane 140 is large, thereby avoiding damage to the catalyst membrane 140.
  • sealing ring 160 may overlap with the outer periphery of the catalyst membrane 140, and a portion of the support ring 170 may overlap with the outer periphery of the catalyst membrane 140. As long as sealing is achieved, the amount of catalyst membrane 140 used can be reduced.
  • a support step 131 is provided on the outer side of the active area of the frame 130.
  • the outer side here refers to the outer side of the circumference of the active area.
  • One side of the sealing ring 160 is supported on the support step 131, and the other side is supported on the first electrode plate 110 or the second electrode plate 120 through the support ring 170. That is, the frame 130 provides a mounting base for the sealing ring 160, so that the overall structure of the unit 100 is compact and easy to install.
  • the unit 100 of the embodiment of the present application can be used in a water electrolyzer or a fuel cell.
  • the water electrolyzer or the fuel cell comprises a first end plate 200, a second end plate 300 and a plurality of the above-mentioned units 100, wherein the plurality of units 100 are connected, for example, in series.
  • the plurality of units 100 are located between the first end plate 200 and the second end plate 300.
  • the unit 100 includes a first electrode plate 110, a second electrode plate 120, a frame 130, a catalyst membrane 140, a carbon paper 150, a sealing ring 160, and a support ring 170.
  • the sealing ring 160 can play a sealing role to block the substances on both sides of the catalyst membrane 140 to prevent mixing.
  • the support ring 170 can support the sealing ring 160, which can reduce the friction between the carbon paper 150 and the catalyst membrane 140 during sealing, reduce the wear of the catalyst membrane 140, and extend the service life of the catalyst membrane 140, thereby extending the service life of the unit 100 and the water electrolyzer or fuel cell.
  • water electrolyzer or fuel cell also includes other connecting components, which will not be described in detail in this article.

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Abstract

本申请提供了一种用于水电解槽或燃料电池的支撑环及单元，支撑环为片状环形框，支撑环上至少设置有第一流道，第一流道用于联通支撑环内外的流体。单元包括第一极板、第二极板、框体、催化剂膜、碳纸、密封环以及支撑环，框体位于第一极板和第二极板之间，并且框体具有活性区，催化剂膜和碳纸位于活性区，密封环位于催化剂膜的外周，以阻隔催化剂膜两侧的物质，支撑环用于支撑密封环。采用本申请提供的用于水电解槽或燃料电池的支撑环及单元，可以降低催化剂膜的磨损，延长使用寿命。

Description

用于水电解槽或燃料电池的支撑环及单元 技术领域
本申请涉及水电解槽或燃料电池的技术领域。更具体地，本申请涉及一种用于水电解槽或燃料电池的支撑环及单元。
背景技术
作为新能源的水电解槽或燃料电池至少包括一对相对设置的端板以及多个位于端板之间的相互连接的单元。如图1所示，每个单元包括第一极板110'、第二极板120'、框体130'、催化剂膜140'、垫片184'、密封圈160'、钛网181'、钛毡182'、碳纸150'以及钢网183'等多个结构件。催化剂膜140'两侧为不同的物质。密封圈160'可以防止两侧不同物质的混合。两侧的极板相互挤压密封圈160'和催化剂膜140'才能实现密封，而在挤压过程中，碳纸150'和催化剂膜140'的靠近边缘的部分也受到挤压，碳纸150'很容易磨损催化剂膜140'。如果催化剂膜140'被磨损至穿孔，两侧不同的物质混合容易发生危险。例如，水电解槽中，催化剂膜140'的一侧产生氢气，另一侧产生氧气。燃料电池中，一侧的氢气和另一侧的氧气在催化剂膜140'合成水。氧气和氢气混合，可能引起爆炸。
发明内容
本申请的目的在于提供一种用于水电解槽或燃料电池的支撑环及单元，降低催化剂膜的磨损，延长使用寿命。
本申请提供了一种用于水电解槽或燃料电池的支撑环，所述支撑环为片状环形框，所述支撑环上至少设置有第一流道，所述第一流道用于联通所述支撑环内外的流体。
根据本申请的实施例，所述支撑环为方形，所述支撑环包括两组相对的侧框，其中一组相对的侧框上设置所述第一流道。
根据本申请的实施例，所述支撑环上还设置有第二流道，所述第二流道用于联通所述支撑环内外的流体，并且另外一组相对的侧框上设置所述第二流道。
根据本申请的实施例，所述第一流道为多个，且多个所述第一流道均匀设置于所述支撑环的侧框；所述第二流道为多个，且多个所述第二流道均匀设置于所述支撑环的侧框。
根据本申请的实施例，所述支撑环为塑料支撑环或者金属支撑环。
本申请还提供一种单元，用于水电解槽或燃料电池，所述单元包括：第一极板、第二极板、框体、催化剂膜、碳纸、密封环以及上述的支撑环，
所述框体位于所述第一极板和所述第二极板之间，并且所述框体具有活性区，所述催化剂膜和所述碳纸位于所述活性区，所述密封环位于所述催化剂膜的外周，以阻隔所述催化剂膜两侧的物质，所述支撑环用于支撑所述密封环。
根据本申请的实施例，所述支撑环与所述密封环相对，并且所述支撑环用于将所述密封环支撑于所述第一极板或所述第二极板。
根据本申请的实施例，所述支撑环和所述碳纸位于所述催化剂膜的同一侧，并且所述支撑环位于所述碳纸的外侧，所述框体上设有第三流道，所述第一流道连通所述碳纸和所述第三流道。
根据本申请的实施例，所述密封环的至少部分与所述催化剂膜的外周重叠，所述支撑环的至少部分与所述催化剂膜的外周重叠，并且所述催化剂膜的外周被夹挤在所述支撑环和所述密封环之间。
根据本申请的实施例，所述框体的位于所述活性区的外侧设有支撑台阶，所述密封环一侧支撑于所述支撑台阶，另一侧通过所述支撑环支撑于所述第一极板或所述第二极板。
在本申请的用于水电解槽或燃料电池的支撑环及单元中，每个单元的密封环位于催化剂膜的外周，以阻隔催化剂膜两侧的物质，每个单元中都设有支撑环，支撑环用于支撑密封环。也就是，密封环可以起到密封作用阻隔催化剂膜两侧的物质，以防止混合。而密封环通过支撑环支撑，支撑 环可以为密封环提供安装基础，这样可以减小密封时碳纸和催化剂膜之间的摩擦，降低催化剂膜的磨损，延长催化剂膜的使用寿命，从而延长单元及水电解槽或燃料电池的使用寿命。
附图说明
图1为本申请相关技术中单元的部分截面图；
图2为本申请实施例中水电解槽或燃料电池的结构图；
图3为本申请实施例中单元的结构图(部分结构移除)；
图4为本申请实施例中单元的部分截面图；
图5为本申请实施例中支撑环的结构图；
图6为本申请另一实施例中支撑环的结构图。
具体实施方式
以下将结合附图描述根据本申请的具体实施方式。下面的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本申请的原理，本申请不限于所描述的优选实施例，本申请的保护范围由权利要求书限定。
如图5和图6所示，本申请实施例提供一种用于水电解槽或燃料电池的支撑环170。该支撑环170用于水电解槽或燃料电池的每个单元100中，支撑环170用于支撑单元100中的密封环160。
支撑环170为片状环形框。支撑环170的形状可以与密封环160的形状相同，以实现更好地支撑密封环160。
支撑环170上至少设置有第一流道171，第一流道171用于联通支撑环170内外的流体。具体地，每个单元100的活性区会产生液体或气体等。这些液体或气体可以通过第一流道171从支撑环170之内扩散到支撑环170之外。
支撑环170的支撑，为密封环160提供了很好的安装基础。通过支撑环170挤压密封环160可以实现密封。因此在挤压时，避免对单元100中的碳纸150和催化剂膜140之间造成较大的摩擦，从而降低催化剂膜140的磨损，延长催化剂膜140的使用寿命。
本申请实施例中，支撑环170为方形。支撑环170包括两组相对的侧框，其中一组相对的侧框上设置第一流道171。这样，第一流道171在支撑环170上对称分布，在挤压时，可以对密封环160均匀施加力，以得到较好的密封效果。
分布支撑环170上还设置有第二流道172。第二流道172用于联通支撑环170内外的流体。并且另外一组相对的侧框上设置第二流道172。也就是，在支撑环170的两组相对的侧框上均设置流道。在其中一组相对的侧框上设置第一流道171，在另外一组相对的侧框上设置第二流道172。这样，可以增加流道的数量，从而提高扩散的效率。第一流道171和第二流道172在支撑环170上对称分布，在挤压时，可以对密封环160均匀施加力，以得到较好的密封效果。
本申请实施例中，第一流道171为多个，且多个第一流道171均匀设置于支撑环170的侧框。第二流道172为多个，且多个第二流道172均匀设置于支撑环170的侧框。这样，可以实现流体的均匀扩散，并且可以对密封环160均匀施加力，以得到较好的密封效果。
本申请实施例中，支撑环170为塑料支撑环或者金属支撑环。塑料可采用树脂或聚四氟乙烯，金属可采用各种常用金属。采用塑料和金属材料，可以将支撑环170的表面加工的较光滑，容易降低粗糙度，避免对支撑环170周围的各个结构件造成磨损，从而延长各个结构件的使用寿命。
如图3和图4所示，本申请实施例提供一种单元100，用于水电解槽或燃料电池。水电解槽和燃料电池的结构相同，区别仅在于活性区的反应原理相反。水电解槽中，水在催化剂膜140电解后，一侧产生氢气，另一侧产生氧气。燃料电池中，一侧的氢气和另一侧的氧气在催化剂膜140合成水，产生电。本申请实施例中主要以水电解槽为例进行的详细说明，燃料电池的结构与水电解槽的结构相同，因此，未对燃料电池进行详细说明。
水电解槽或燃料电池至少包括一对相对设置的端板以及多个位于端板之间的相互连接的单元100。
本申请实施例中的单元100包括第一极板110、第二极板120、框体 130、催化剂膜140、碳纸150、密封环160以及支撑环170，支撑环170为上文中所述的支撑环170。
第一极板110和第二极板120均为电极板，第一极板110和第二极板120分别为阴极板和阳极板。本申请中，用了第一和第二进行区分。实际上，第一极板110和第二极板120中其中一个为阴极板，另一个为阳极板。可以是第一极板110为阴极板，第二极板120为阳极板，也可以是第一极板110为阳极板，第二极板120为阴极板。依具体情况而定。
框体130位于第一极板110和第二极板120之间，并且框体130具有活性区。框体130为单元100的主体支撑部分，为单元100的各个结构件提供安装基础。第一极板110和第二极板120分布在框体130的两侧，催化剂膜140、碳纸150以及其他结构件位于活性区。
催化剂膜140为涂敷催化剂的膜，可以促进反应的进行。催化剂膜140两侧为不同的物质。水电解槽中，水在催化剂膜140电解后，一侧产生氢气，另一侧产生氧气。燃料电池中，一侧的氢气和另一侧的氧气在催化剂膜140合成水，产生电。
碳纸150也叫气体扩散层，水电解槽中，碳纸150位于阴极侧，将水和阴极侧产生的氢气输送到管汇中收集。燃料电池中，碳纸150也位于阴极侧，用于扩散产生的水以及气体。
催化剂膜140和碳纸150位于活性区，密封环160位于催化剂膜140的外周，以阻隔催化剂膜140两侧的物质，防止催化剂膜140两侧的物质混合。水电解槽或燃料电池中，可以避免氢气和氧气混合，避免氢气和氧气混合发生爆炸，提高安全性。
支撑环170用于支撑密封环160。支撑环170的支撑，为密封环160提供了很好的安装基础。通过支撑环170挤压密封环160可以实现密封。因此在挤压时，避免对碳纸150和催化剂膜140之间造成较大的摩擦，从而降低催化剂膜140的磨损，延长催化剂膜140的使用寿命。
密封环160为具有弹性的环状密封件，可以为O型密封圈或者其他密封件。
因此，采用本申请实施例中的单元100，每个单元100的密封环160 位于催化剂膜140的外周，以阻隔催化剂膜140两侧的物质。支撑环170支撑密封环160。密封环160可以起到密封作用阻隔催化剂膜140两侧的物质，以防止混合。支撑环170可以减小密封时碳纸150和催化剂膜140之间的摩擦，降低催化剂膜140的磨损，延长催化剂膜140的使用寿命，从而延长单元100的使用寿命。
本申请实施例中，支撑环170与密封环160相对，可以更好地支撑密封环160。并且支撑环170用于将密封环160支撑于第一极板110或第二极板120。也就是，密封环160通过支撑环170支撑于第一极板110或第二极板120，不用通过碳纸150支撑，这样可以减小密封时碳纸150和催化剂膜140之间的摩擦，降低催化剂膜140的磨损，延长催化剂膜140的使用寿命，从而延长单元100及水电解槽或燃料电池的使用寿命。
当然，除了上述结构件，单元100还包括垫片184、钛网181、钛毡182以及钢网183等其他结构件，本文中不再赘述。
因此，采用本申请实施例中的单元100，密封环160通过支撑环170支撑于第一极板110或第二极板120。这样可以减小密封时碳纸150和催化剂膜140之间的摩擦，降低催化剂膜140的磨损，延长催化剂膜140的使用寿命，从而延长单元100及水电解槽或燃料电池的使用寿命。
本申请实施例中，支撑环170和碳纸150位于催化剂膜140的同一侧。支撑环170和碳纸150可以共同作为气体扩散层。支撑环170位于碳纸150的外侧，此处的外侧是碳纸150的周向的外侧。因此，支撑环170和碳纸150不重叠。首先，减少了碳纸150的使用量。其次，支撑环170挤压密封环160时，不会直接挤压碳纸150，从而不会对碳纸150下方的催化剂膜140产生较大的压力，从而尽可能地避免磨损。
支撑环170上设有第一流道171，框体130上设有第三流道132，第一流道171连通碳纸150和第三流道132。
并且，在支撑环170上设有第二流道172的情况下，第二流道172连通碳纸150和第三流道132。
碳纸150位于催化剂膜140上方，或者碳纸150覆盖催化剂膜140。在催化剂膜140处产生气体时，碳纸150可以将气体吸收并扩散到管汇 中。例如可以扩散到框体130，再通过框体130的第三流道132汇集到管汇中。
本申请实施例中，第一极板110为阴极板，第二极板120为阳极板。密封环160通过支撑环170支撑于第一极板110。支撑环170位于碳纸150的周向的外侧，碳纸150不再用必须挤压在密封环160和第一极板110之间，因此减小了碳纸150的受力。支撑环170上设有第一流道171，碳纸150中吸收的气体可以先扩散到支撑环170，通过第一流道171到达框体130，再通过第三流道132到达管汇中收集。因此，通过第一流道171可以实现碳纸150中气体的扩散，不用碳纸150直接与框体130相连，从而避免了碳纸150挤压催化剂膜140。
本申请实施例中，密封环160的至少部分与催化剂膜140的外周重叠。支撑环170的至少部分与催化剂膜140的外周重叠。并且催化剂膜140的外周被夹挤在支撑环170和密封环160之间。
可以是密封环160的全部与催化剂膜140的外周重叠，密封环160与催化剂膜140的接触面积大，避免对催化剂膜140造成损坏。支撑环170的全部与催化剂膜140的外周重叠，支撑环170与催化剂膜140的接触面积大，避免对催化剂膜140造成损坏。
当然，也可以是密封环160的一部分与催化剂膜140的外周重叠，支撑环170的一部分与催化剂膜140的外周重叠。只要实现密封就行，可以节省催化剂膜140的使用量。
本申请实施例中，框体130的位于活性区的外侧设有支撑台阶131。此处的外侧是活性区周向的外侧。密封环160一侧支撑于支撑台阶131，另一侧通过支撑环170支撑于第一极板110或第二极板120。也就是，框体130为密封环160提供安装基础，使得单元100的整体结构紧凑，易安装。
如图2所示，本申请实施例的单元100可以用于水电解槽或燃料电池。水电解槽或燃料电池包括第一端板200、第二端板300和多个上述的单元100，多个单元100相连，例如，可以串联。并且多个单元100位于第一端板200和第二端板300之间。
如上所述，单元100包括第一极板110、第二极板120、框体130、催化剂膜140、碳纸150、密封环160以及支撑环170。密封环160可以起到密封作用阻隔催化剂膜140两侧的物质，以防止混合。支撑环170可以支撑密封环160，这样可以减小密封时碳纸150和催化剂膜140之间的摩擦，降低催化剂膜140的磨损，延长催化剂膜140的使用寿命，从而延长单元100及水电解槽或燃料电池的使用寿命。
当然，水电解槽或燃料电池还包括其他连接构件，本文中不再赘述。
如前所述，尽管说明中已经参考附图对本申请的示例性实施例进行了说明，但是本申请不限于上述具体实施方式，本申请的保护范围应当由权利要求书及其等同含义来限定。
附图标记列表
单元       100
第一极板   110、110'
第二极板   120、120'
框体       130、130'
支撑台阶   131
第三流道   132
催化剂膜   140、140'
碳纸       150、150'
密封环     160
密封圈     160'
支撑环     170
第一流道   171
第二流道   172
钛网       181、181'
钛毡       182、182'
钢网       183、183'
垫片       184、184'
第一端板   200
第二端板   300

Claims (10)

  1. 一种用于水电解槽或燃料电池的支撑环(170)，其特征在于，所述支撑环(170)为片状环形框，所述支撑环(170)上至少设置有第一流道(171)，所述第一流道(171)用于联通所述支撑环(170)内外的流体。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的用于水电解槽或燃料电池的支撑环(170)，其特征在于，所述支撑环(170)为方形，所述支撑环(170)包括两组相对的侧框，其中一组相对的侧框上设置所述第一流道(171)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的用于水电解槽或燃料电池的支撑环(170)，其特征在于，所述支撑环(170)上还设置有第二流道(172)，所述第二流道(172)用于联通所述支撑环(170)内外的流体，并且另外一组相对的侧框上设置所述第二流道(172)。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的用于水电解槽或燃料电池的支撑环(170)，其特征在于，所述第一流道(171)为多个，且多个所述第一流道(171)均匀设置于所述支撑环(170)的侧框；所述第二流道(172)为多个，且多个所述第二流道(172)均匀设置于所述支撑环(170)的侧框。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的用于水电解槽或燃料电池的支撑环(170)，其特征在于，所述支撑环(170)为塑料支撑环或者金属支撑环。
  6. 一种单元(100)，用于水电解槽或燃料电池，其特征在于，所述单元(100)包括：第一极板(110)、第二极板(120)、框体(130)、催化剂膜(140)、碳纸(150)、密封环(160)以及根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的支撑环(170)，
    所述框体(130)位于所述第一极板(110)和所述第二极板(120)之间，并且所述框体(130)具有活性区，所述催化剂膜(140)和所述碳纸(150)位于所述活性区，所述密封环(160)位于所述催化剂膜 (140)的外周，以阻隔所述催化剂膜(140)两侧的物质，所述支撑环(170)用于支撑所述密封环(160)。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的单元(100)，其特征在于，所述支撑环(170)与所述密封环(160)相对，并且所述支撑环(170)用于将所述密封环(160)支撑于所述第一极板(110)或所述第二极板(120)。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的单元(100)，其特征在于，所述支撑环(170)和所述碳纸(150)位于所述催化剂膜(140)的同一侧，并且所述支撑环(170)位于所述碳纸(150)的外侧，所述框体(130)上设有第三流道(132)，所述第一流道(171)连通所述碳纸(150)和所述第三流道(132)。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的单元(100)，其特征在于，所述密封环(160)的至少部分与所述催化剂膜(140)的外周重叠，所述支撑环(170)的至少部分与所述催化剂膜(140)的外周重叠，并且所述催化剂膜(140)的外周被夹挤在所述支撑环(170)和所述密封环(160)之间。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的单元(100)，其特征在于，所述框体(130)的位于所述活性区的外侧设有支撑台阶(131)，所述密封环(160)一侧支撑于所述支撑台阶(131)，另一侧通过所述支撑环(170)支撑于所述第一极板(110)或所述第二极板(120)。
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JP2019157164A (ja) * 2018-03-08 2019-09-19 本田技研工業株式会社 水電解装置
CN214477731U (zh) * 2021-04-16 2021-10-22 中银（宁波）电池有限公司 支撑环及碱性锌锰扣式电池
CN113659168A (zh) * 2021-06-28 2021-11-16 东风汽车集团股份有限公司 一种质子交换膜单电池及燃料电池
CN114142058A (zh) * 2021-11-25 2022-03-04 同济大学 一种燃料电池膜电极密封框架
CN216838211U (zh) * 2022-02-15 2022-06-28 氢电(杭州)科技有限公司 一种用于电解水的多级pem电解槽结构

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