WO2024257725A1 - 分析デバイス - Google Patents
分析デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024257725A1 WO2024257725A1 PCT/JP2024/021045 JP2024021045W WO2024257725A1 WO 2024257725 A1 WO2024257725 A1 WO 2024257725A1 JP 2024021045 W JP2024021045 W JP 2024021045W WO 2024257725 A1 WO2024257725 A1 WO 2024257725A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/406—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
- G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
- G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
- G01N27/301—Reference electrodes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
- G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
- G01N27/333—Ion-selective electrodes or membranes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
- G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
- G01N27/333—Ion-selective electrodes or membranes
- G01N27/3335—Ion-selective electrodes or membranes the membrane containing at least one organic component
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/416—Systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an analytical device having a flow path region formed inside a porous substrate, an electrolyte concentration measurement system using the analytical device, and an electrolyte concentration measurement method.
- ⁇ PADs microfluidic paper-based analytical devices
- POC point of care
- Electrolytes Na ions, K ions, Cl ions, etc.
- An electrolyte test measures the concentration of electrolyte ions in the blood and urine to confirm the balance of ion concentrations in the body.
- electrolyte tests are essential for screening for illnesses. They are also extremely important tests for checking the physiological functions (life support) of patients at disaster sites, etc. Research aimed at using ⁇ PADs to measure electrolytes is being conducted at various universities and companies.
- Non-Patent Document 1 proposes an analytical device for measuring the concentrations of Na ions and K ions.
- This analytical device has a dispensing section for dispensing a sample, and the dispensed sample permeates from the dispensing section into the working electrode and reference electrode regions, electrically connecting the two electrodes to measure the potential difference.
- KCl ion crystals are deposited on the reference electrode to obtain a stable potential at the reference electrode, and when KCl dissolves in the sample during measurement, a high concentration of Cl ions is maintained in the reference electrode region, and a stable reference electrode potential can be obtained.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a multi-ion sensor plate in which the sample liquid supplied to the working electrode section and the reference liquid supplied to the reference electrode section come into contact at the liquid junction to obtain a stable potential.
- Non-Patent Document 1 when measuring samples that contain proteins as components, such as serum or plasma, when the sample permeates the electrolyte layer (KCl layer), the hydration water of the hydrated protein is easily taken away by the electrolyte, which makes it easy for salting out or aggregation of the protein to occur. As a result, the salting out and aggregated proteins inhibit the permeation of the sample in the flow path, which can cause the measurement potential to become unstable or the measurement time to be long.
- KCl layer electrolyte layer
- Patent Document 1 also discloses two configurations: one in which the sample contains a surfactant to maintain the dispersibility of hydrophobic substances (hematocrit or similar substances) contained in the sample liquid and prevent their settling (precipitation), and the other in which a surfactant coating is provided on the flow path leading to the sample liquid side electrode.
- a surfactant coating is provided on the flow path leading to the sample liquid side electrode.
- the present invention aims to provide an analytical device that has a layer that suppresses salting out and aggregation of proteins positioned at an appropriate position, shows an appropriate reference electrode potential, and enables simple and stable analysis.
- the present invention provides an analytical device having a flow path region surrounded by a flow path wall provided inside a porous substrate,
- the flow channel region includes a first flow channel chamber, a second flow channel chamber, and a flow path connecting the first flow path chamber and the second flow path chamber,
- a reference electrode is disposed in the first flow chamber,
- a working electrode is disposed in the second flow chamber,
- An electrolyte is disposed upstream of the first flow chamber or on the surface of the reference electrode;
- Component A is disposed upstream of the location where the electrolyte is disposed;
- the present invention relates to an analytical device characterized in that the component A is a component that has an effect of changing the three-dimensional structure of a protein in a sample.
- the present invention provides an analytical device that can perform simple analysis with stable measured potential.
- the specimen and component A can be effectively mixed, suppressing salting out of the electrolyte placed near the reference electrode, and enabling testing with a small amount of specimen.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the configuration of a reference electrode.
- FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of the reference electrode taken along the dashed line in FIG. 1A.
- FIG. 2C is a cross-sectional view of the conventional configuration taken along the dashed line in FIG. 2B.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a conventional example.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the change in potential over time when a serum sample is measured using a conventional configuration.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the change in potential over time when an ultrafiltered serum sample is measured using a conventional configuration.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an analytical device according to a first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of a flow path pattern.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the change in potential over time when a serum sample is measured using only the reference electrode of Example 1.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the change in potential over time when a serum sample is measured using only the reference electrode of Example 1.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the change in potential over time when a serum sample is measured using only the reference electrode of Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the change in potential over time when a serum sample is measured using a combination of the reference electrode and working electrode of Example 1.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the change in potential over time when a serum sample is measured using the configuration of the comparative example of Example 1.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the change in potential over time when a serum sample is measured using only the reference electrode of Example 2.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the change in potential over time when a serum sample is measured using only the reference electrode of Example 2.
- the role of the reference electrode in the electrolyte concentration measurement of the present invention is to provide a reference potential for the potential generated at the working electrode. Therefore, if the potential of the reference electrode is not stable, the potential difference between the reference electrode and the working electrode will be inaccurate.
- an Ag/AgCl electrode is used as the base electrode of a reference electrode.
- the following equilibrium reaction occurs at the interface with the sample, and the potential is determined by the Cl- concentration. Therefore, by keeping the Cl - concentration constant, the potential can be stabilized.
- the Cl- concentration is constant in saturated sodium chloride (NaCl) or potassium chloride (KCl) solutions, the same interfacial potential will always be obtained by reacting a saturated NaCl or KCl solution with an Ag/AgCl electrode.
- the specimen is a NaCl solution, once the concentration reaches the saturated concentration of 5.2 mol/L to 5.4 mol/L, it will not dissolve any more, so the Cl - concentration becomes constant, the above-mentioned equilibrium state is reached, and the potential will not change any more.
- saturated KCl or NaCl is used as the internal liquid in internal liquid type reference electrodes.
- this saturated liquid is directly dispensed into the Ag/AgCl electrode as the standard liquid, ensuring a stable potential.
- Non-Patent Document 1 has a configuration in which an electrolyte layer 4 (KCl layer) is laminated on a supporting electrolyte membrane 7 (provided to further stabilize the contact potential at the interface between the specimen and the Ag/AgCl electrode) provided on a reference electrode 3 (Ag/AgCl electrode) as shown in Figures 2A and 2B.
- the Cl -concentration is made constant by the specimen itself dissolving the electrolyte layer 4 during penetration. Then, the specimen with a constant Cl -concentration is supplied to the supporting electrolyte membrane 7 and the Ag/AgCl electrode, making it possible to perform measurement without using a reference solution.
- Patent Document 1 which also has a configuration with a solid electrode type reference electrode, a method is used in which a reference liquid is dispensed separately from the sample to perform the measurement. This method can obtain a stable measurement potential, but the use of a reference liquid can easily pose problems in terms of ease of measurement and cost.
- Patent Document 1 also discloses two configurations to prevent protein aggregation, which will be described later: a configuration in which a surfactant is contained in the sample, and a configuration in which a surfactant coating is provided on the flow path leading to the sample liquid side electrode.
- Patent Document 1 in order to contain the surfactant in a sufficiently mixed state in advance in the sample liquid, a sample volume of about several mL is required to stir the mixed liquid, which may be a heavy burden on the patient.
- a surfactant coating is provided in the flow path, coating the flow path wall surface is a constraint, and the surfactant cannot be uniformly contacted with the sample flowing through the flow path, which may result in insufficient mixing with the sample liquid.
- the configuration having an electrolyte layer has the following problems. This is because, in the measurement of samples that contain proteins, such as serum and plasma, when the sample penetrates the electrolyte layer (KCl layer), the hydration water of the hydrated protein is easily taken away by the electrolyte, which can easily cause salting out or aggregation of the protein.As a result of salting out or aggregation of the protein, it can inhibit the penetration of the sample in the flow path, making the measurement potential unstable and lengthening the measurement time.
- KCl layer electrolyte layer
- the measured potential fluctuates less over time, but it was not possible to maintain a stable potential, and it was confirmed that a difference of about ⁇ 0.9 mV occurred after 200 seconds.
- the penetration of the sample in the electrolyte layer was unstable and slow, and something like a clump was confirmed on the flow path.
- the analytical device of the present invention is capable of stably contacting the reference electrode even when measuring samples containing proteins as components, such as serum or plasma, without slowing down the permeation of the sample and when the Cl- concentration of the sample is saturated.
- the analytical device of the present invention has a configuration in which, based on the direction of sample flow in the flow path region, a layer that suppresses salting out and aggregation of proteins is located upstream of the position at which the electrolyte layer is located.
- the analytical device of the present invention may have a plurality of third flow chambers in which a working electrode is arranged, in addition to the first flow chamber and the second flow chamber, and these may be connected by flow channels.
- a working electrode is arranged, in addition to the first flow chamber and the second flow chamber, and these may be connected by flow channels.
- Example 1 The first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
- FIG. 5 shows the analytical device of Example 1. It has a flow region surrounded by a flow wall 2 provided inside the porous substrate.
- the flow region has a first flow chamber 9, a second flow chamber 10, and a flow channel 1 connecting the first flow chamber 9 and the second flow chamber 10, and a dispensing section 8 is present in the flow channel 1.
- the flow region may have a third flow chamber 11 and a fourth flow chamber 12 of the electrode, or may not have these.
- a reference electrode 3 is arranged in the first flow chamber 9, and an electrolyte layer 4 is arranged upstream of the reference electrode 3 based on the traveling direction of the sample (i.e., the dispensing section side is upstream).
- a component A layer 5 having an effect of changing the three-dimensional structure of the protein in the sample is arranged upstream of the electrolyte layer 4.
- a working electrode 6 is arranged in the second flow chamber 10, and the working electrode 6 is composed of a base electrode 6b of the working electrode and an ion selective membrane 6a provided to cover it.
- the flow paths were formed using the method described in (JP Patent Publication 2021-37612 A). Specifically, the desired flow path pattern was formed on filter paper in an unfixed state using electrophotography with flow path forming particles (toner) that have characteristic melting properties, and then the flow path pattern was permeated into the inside of the paper using an oven or heater to form the flow path pattern.
- the formed flow path pattern is as shown in FIG. 6, where reference numeral 1 denotes a flow path, and reference numeral 2 denotes a flow path wall formed by the penetration of flow path forming particles.
- reference electrode 3 and the working electrode 6 are formed on the flow path pattern by screen printing, an inkjet device (IJ), a dispenser, etc. Since this patent is an invention related to the reference electrode, the configuration will be explained mainly with respect to the reference electrode.
- an Ag/AgCl electrode was printed as a reference electrode on the flow path pattern by screen printing, and further, as shown in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B, an electrolyte (NaCl or KCl) was printed by an ink jet or a dispenser at a position on the flow path and upstream of the Ag/AgCl electrode with respect to the direction of movement of the sample.
- an electrolyte layer NaCl or KCl
- the concentration of the electrolyte (Cl -concentration ) in the sample becomes saturated, and the sample reaches the reference electrode (Ag/AgCl electrode) in that state.
- the potential of the reference electrode (Ag/AgCl electrode) is stabilized.
- the electrolyte is preferably a chloride, and in particular, sodium chloride (NaCl) or potassium chloride (KCl), which are easy to handle.
- NaCl sodium chloride
- KCl potassium chloride
- the electrolyte (NaCl) was arranged in a layer on the flow path in front of the reference electrode so that the concentration was 3.0 ⁇ 10 2 g/L or more, preferably 3.4 ⁇ 10 2 g/L or more per 1 L of sample volume supplied to the reference electrode 3. This is a value obtained by dividing the amount of NaCl required for saturation by the amount of sample supplied to the reference electrode 3, since the saturated concentration of the electrolyte also depends on the amount of sample. If 3.0 ⁇ 10 2 g/L or more of NaCl is arranged per 1 L of sample volume supplied to the reference electrode 3, the concentration of the sample that has passed through the NaCl layer will be 4.6 mol/L or more, which is close to saturation, and stable measurement will be possible.
- the concentration of the sample that has passed through the NaCl layer will be 5.2 mol/L or more, which is a concentration sufficient to maintain the Cl - concentration saturated.
- the amount of sample supplied to the dispensing unit 8 varies depending on the size and performance of each device, and is generally about 10 ⁇ L to 50 ⁇ L.
- the reference electrode is 3 mm ⁇ 3 mm in size
- the working electrode 6 is 3 mm ⁇ 3 mm in size
- the paper is 200 ⁇ m thick
- the volume of the entire flow path, including the volume of the flow path between them is about 3.6 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 m 3 (3.6 ⁇ L) (1.8 ⁇ L each for the reference electrode and working electrode). Therefore, about 10 ⁇ L of sample is sufficient to supply the sample to the reference electrode and working electrode.
- the present invention does not depend on the size of the device or the required sample volume, but for the reasons stated above, the present invention will be explained using a sample volume range of approximately 10 ⁇ L to 50 ⁇ L.
- the amount of specimen supplied to the reference electrode is 5 ⁇ L
- a NaCl concentration of 4.6 mol/L or more can be obtained. Therefore, when NaCl is placed in a 3 mm ⁇ 3 mm area with a thickness of 200 ⁇ m, if 8.3 ⁇ 10 5 g/m 3 or more of NaCl is placed per unit volume of the NaCl placement area, the NaCl concentration of the specimen that has passed through the NaCl layer will be 4.6 mol/L or more, which is close to saturation.
- the concentration of the specimen that has passed through the NaCl layer will be 5.2 mol/L, which is a sufficient concentration to bring the Ag/AgCl electrode into equilibrium.
- the analyte When the analyte reaches the electrolyte (NaCl) layer, it dissolves the electrolyte (NaCl) and moves toward the reference electrode (Ag/AgCl electrode). At this time, the Cl- concentration of the analyte that has passed through the electrolyte (NaCl) layer is always kept saturated or close to saturated, and this saturated analyte is continuously supplied to the reference electrode (Ag/AgCl electrode), so a stable potential is obtained.
- the reference electrode and the electrolyte layer are not in contact, but the electrolyte layer may be in contact with the reference electrode or may overlap the reference electrode.
- the important point is that the sample reaches the reference electrode after the concentration of the electrolyte in the sample becomes saturated.
- aqueous solution containing a surfactant (Tween 20, chemical formula: C 58 H 114 O 26 ) was printed as the component A layer 5 on the upstream side of the electrolyte layer 4, preferably adjacent to the electrolyte layer 4, using an inkjet or dispenser.
- a surfactant Teween 20, chemical formula: C 58 H 114 O 26
- These methods allow the surfactant to be uniformly arranged in the desired flow path region on the porous substrate.
- the size of the surface area of the porous structure can be utilized, so the contact area between the sample and the surfactant can be increased (compared to the case of a non-porous substrate).
- the surface area can be increased by about 1000 times or more compared to the configuration of Patent Document 1, which works favorably for mixing the surfactant and the sample.
- the sample is stirred between the fibers while penetrating the flow path by capillary action, so that even a small amount of sample on the order of ⁇ L can be sufficiently mixed with the surfactant.
- Any porous substrate (filter paper, glass filter paper, etc.) can be used as long as it has a porous structure. The important thing is to uniformly arrange a predetermined amount of surfactant in the desired flow path region.
- the flow channel can be filled with half the amount of sample compared to a hollow flow channel with the same cross section (such as a flow channel in Patent Document 1).
- the principle of the potential development of the reference electrode depends on the concentration of Cl - , so as long as there is a liquid junction with the working electrode, the same effect can be obtained even with half the amount of sample.
- any substance that can change the three-dimensional structure of the protein can be used, such as a salt (e.g., guanidine hydrochloride as a chaotropic salt), an acid (e.g., citric acid), an organic solvent (e.g., ethanol), or a water-soluble polymer (e.g., polyethylene glycol).
- a salt e.g., guanidine hydrochloride as a chaotropic salt
- an acid e.g., citric acid
- an organic solvent e.g., ethanol
- a water-soluble polymer e.g., polyethylene glycol
- the formation of the surfactant layer also depends on the amount of sample supplied to the reference electrode.
- the amount of sample supplied to the reference electrode is 5 ⁇ L, the following experiment was conducted to confirm the appropriate amount of surfactant that can suppress protein aggregation while saturating the NaCl concentration in the electrolyte layer.
- the results are shown in Figure 10.
- the results of a configuration without a surfactant layer are shown in Figure 11.
- the measured potential was stable from about 60 seconds after dispensing, but it was confirmed that the potential was unstable in the configuration of the comparative example in Figure 11.
- the working electrode (ion selective electrode) used was a solid contact type ion selective electrode in which an ion selective membrane 6a having selectivity for the target ion was laminated on a base electrode 6b.
- a base electrode As for the base electrode of the working electrode, efforts using Ag/AgCl, carbon, and PEDOT (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxyphene))/PSS (poly(4-styrenesulfonate)) have been proposed, and these can be used without any particular limitations in the present invention.
- a base electrode can be selected according to the required characteristics of the device, such as cost and performance, and in this embodiment, an Ag/AgCl electrode was used as the base electrode.
- the ion-selective membrane may be any commonly used membrane that is sensitive to the target ion and has sufficient selectivity to interfering ions.
- Materials used in the ion-selective membrane include ionophores such as valinomycin, anion removers such as potassium tetraphenylborate (KTPB), plasticizers such as NPOE (o-nitrophenyl octyl ether) and DOS (di(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate), and polymers such as PVC (polyvinyl chloride) alone or copolymers of polyvinyl chloride and polyvinyl acetate.
- ionophores such as valinomycin
- anion removers such as potassium tetraphenylborate (KTPB)
- plasticizers such as NPOE (o-nitrophenyl octyl ether) and DOS (di(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate)
- each component is mixed, dissolved or dispersed in a solvent such as THF (tetrahydrofuran) or cyclohexanone, and the resulting liquid is applied by inkjet printing to a base electrode (Ag/AgCl electrode) on which an intermediate layer such as NaCl is laminated.
- a solvent such as THF (tetrahydrofuran) or cyclohexanone
- the application method does not have to be the inkjet method, and the ion-selective membrane can be laminated on the base electrode after adjusting the viscosity of the solution to suit each printing method, such as dispenser or screen printing.
- the present invention is not limited to an analytical device using a single Ag/AgCl electrode as a reference electrode.
- the reference electrode may have a base electrode of Ag/AgCl, and a supporting electrolyte layer may be provided on the surface of the base electrode to stabilize the interfacial potential with the sample and reduce the influence of interfering ions.
- a supporting electrolyte layer can be formed by mixing appropriate amounts of TBA-TBB (tetrabutylammonium tetrabutylborate) or TDMACl (tridodecylmethylammonium chloride) with a plasticizer and PVC, mixing them with a solvent such as THF or cyclohexanone, and applying and drying the resulting solution.
- a laminate layer may be provided on the front and back surfaces of the reference electrode to prevent the electrolyte layer and component A layer from flowing out or becoming contaminated when handling the analytical device.
- the specimen and component A can be effectively mixed, thereby suppressing salting out of the electrolyte disposed near the reference electrode, and thus enabling testing with a small amount of specimen.
- L-(+)-arginine hydrochloride (chemical formula: C 6 H 14 N 4 O 2.HCl ) was used for the component A layer.
- L-(+)-arginine hydrochloride is not a surfactant and does not form micelles with proteins in the specimen, but it has the effect of solubilizing proteins by hydrophobic interaction with specific hydrophobic residues (aromatic amino acid residues, etc.) of proteins in the specimen. Therefore, it is possible to suppress protein aggregation when the specimen permeates through the electrolyte layer.
- the surfactant when a surfactant is used in the component A layer, depending on the combination of the surfactant and the material of the ion-selective membrane, the surfactant may destroy the membrane structure of the ion-selective membrane and affect the measured potential. Therefore, it was necessary to pay attention to factors that cause the surfactant to diffuse and come into contact with the ion-selective membrane (such as the distance between the reference electrode and the working electrode and the measurement time).
- L-(+)-arginine hydrochloride the effect of solubilization is due to hydrophobic interaction with specific hydrophobic residues (such as aromatic amino acid residues), so the effect on the ion-selective membrane is small and the degree of freedom in the selection of membrane materials can be increased.
- Two types of analytical devices were prepared, with the amount of L-(+)-arginine hydrochloride being 0.13 mg and 0.65 mg, and the potential of the reference electrode was measured.
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Abstract
Description
前記流路領域は、第一流路室、第二流路室、
及び前記第一流路室と前記第二流路室とを繋ぐ流路を有し、
前記第一流路室には、参照電極が配置されており、
前記第二流路室には、作用電極が配置されており、
前記流路領域における検体の進行方向を基準としたとき、
前記第一流路室の上流に、又は前記参照電極の表面に電解質が配置されており、
前記電解質が配置された位置の上流に、成分Aが配置されており、
前記成分Aが、検体中の蛋白質の立体構造を変化させる作用を及ぼす成分であることを特徴とする分析デバイスに関する。
本発明の電解質濃度測定における参照電極の役割は、作用電極で生じる電位に対し、基準電位となるものである。そのため、参照電極の電位が安定しなければ、参照電極と作用電極との電位差は不正確になる。
よって、Cl-濃度を一定にすることで、電位を安定させることができる。
検体がNaCl溶液の場合、濃度が飽和濃度である5.2mol/L~5.4mol/Lに到達すると、それ以上溶けることはないので、Cl-濃度が一定となり、上記平衡状態に達し、電位もそれ以上変化することはなくなる。
それは、血清や血漿等、成分中に蛋白質を含む検体の測定においては、検体が電解質層(KCl層)を浸透する時に、水和している蛋白質の水和水が電解質に奪われやすく、蛋白質の塩析や凝集が発生しやすい、という点である。蛋白質が塩析・凝集した結果、流路内での検体の浸透を阻害し、測定電位が不安定になることや測定時間が長くなることがあった。
本発明の分析デバイスは、血清や血漿等、成分内に蛋白質を含む検体の測定においても、検体の浸透が遅くならず、かつ検体のCl-濃度が飽和となった状態で安定して参照電極に接触することが可能なものである。
すなわち、本発明の分析デバイスは、流路領域における検体の進行方向を基準としたとき、前記電解質層が配置された位置の上流に蛋白質の塩析・凝集を抑制する層が配置されている構成を有する。
実施例1について、図5~図8を用いて説明する。
図5に実施例1の分析デバイスを示す。多孔質基材の内部に設けられた流路壁2で囲まれた流路領域を有する。流路領域は第一流路室9、第二流路室10、及び第一流路室9と第二流路室10とを繋ぐ流路1を有し、流路1には分注部8が存在する。流路領域は電極の第三流路室11と第四流路室12を有してもよいし、これらはなくてもよい。第一流路室9には参照電極3が配置されており、検体の進行方向を基準(すなわち、分注部側が上流となる)として、参照電極3の上流側には、電解質層4が配置されている。電解質層4を参照電極3の上流側に配置することによって、検体中の電解質濃度が飽和になった状態で安定して参照電極3に到達する。電解質層4の上流側には、検体中の蛋白質の立体構造を変化させる作用を有する成分A層5が配置されている。第二流路室10には作用電極6が配置されており、作用電極6は、作用電極のベース電極6bとそれを覆うように設けられたイオン選択膜6aで構成される。
次いで、流路パターンに、参照電極3並びに作用電極6を、スクリーン印刷やインクジェット装置(IJ)、もしくは、ディスペンサー等により形成する。本特許は参照電極に関する発明である為、参照電極中心にその構成を説明する。
以上説明したように本発明によれば、多孔質流路に成分Aを配置することによって検体と成分Aを効果的に混合することができるので参照電極付近に配置した電解質の塩析を抑制することができ、少量の検体で検査できる効果が得られる。
本実施例では成分A層にL-(+)-アルギニン-塩酸塩(化学式:C6H14N4O2・HCl)を用いた。L-(+)-アルギニン-塩酸塩は界面活性剤ではないため検体中の蛋白質等とミセルを形成しないが、検体中の蛋白質の特定の疎水性残基(芳香族アミノ酸残基等)と疎水性相互作用することで、可溶化させる効果がある。そのため、検体が電解質層内を浸透する際の蛋白質の凝集を抑制することができる。
加えて、成分A層に界面活性剤を用いた場合には、界面活性剤とイオン選択膜の材料の組み合わせによっては、界面活性剤がイオン選択膜の膜構造を破壊して測定電位に影響を及ぼす可能性がある。したがって、界面活性剤が拡散してイオン選択膜と接触するような状況を引き起こす要因(参照電極-作用電極間距離や測定時間等)に注意する必要があった。一方、L-(+)-アルギニン-塩酸塩の場合は特定の疎水性残基(芳香族アミノ酸残基等)と疎水性相互作用することで可溶化させる効果であるため、イオン選択膜への影響は小さく、膜材料の選択の自由度を大きくできる効果を有する。
このL-(+)-アルギニン-塩酸塩の量を0.13mg、0.65mgとした2種類の分析デバイスを用意し、参照電極の電位を測定した。本実験では、参照電極の性能だけに注目する為、本来、分析デバイスに作用電極が形成される側には、作用電極の代わりに市販の参照電極をおき、市販電極と参照電極を検体で繋ぎ、両極間の電位差を測定した。
2・・・流路壁
3・・・参照電極
4・・・電解質層
5・・・成分A層
6・・・作用電極
6a・・・イオン選択膜
6b・・・作用電極のベース電極
7・・・支持電解質膜
8・・・分注部
9・・・第一流路室
10・・・第二流路室
11・・・第三流路室
12・・・第四流路室
Claims (16)
- 多孔質基材の内部に設けられた流路壁で囲まれた流路領域を有する分析デバイスであって、
前記流路領域は、第一流路室、第二流路室、及び前記第一流路室と前記第二流路室とを繋ぐ流路を有し、
前記第一流路室には、参照電極が配置されており、
前記第二流路室には、作用電極が配置されており、
前記流路領域における検体の進行方向を基準としたとき、前記第一流路室の上流に、又は前記参照電極の表面に電解質が配置されており、
前記電解質が配置された位置の上流に、成分Aが配置されており、
前記成分Aが、検体中の蛋白質の立体構造を変化させる作用を及ぼす成分であることを特徴とする分析デバイス。 - 前記成分Aと前記電解質が、隣接している又は混合している領域を有する請求項1に記載の分析デバイス。
- 前記成分Aが、蛋白質とミセルを形成する作用を有する成分である請求項1に記載の分析デバイス。
- 前記成分Aが、界面活性剤である請求項3に記載の分析デバイス。
- 前記成分Aが、非イオン性界面活性剤である請求項4に記載の分析デバイス。
- 前記成分Aが、Tween20である請求項5に記載の分析デバイス。
- 前記成分Aが、水溶性高分子である請求項1に記載の分析デバイス。
- 前記成分Aが、塩である請求項1に記載の分析デバイス。
- 前記成分Aが、カオトロピック塩である請求項8に記載の分析デバイス。
- 前記成分Aが、L-(+)-アルギニン-塩酸塩である請求項8に記載の分析デバイス。
- 前記成分Aが、酸である請求項1に記載の分析デバイス。
- 前記成分Aが、有機溶媒である請求項1に記載の分析デバイス。
- 前記参照電極のベース電極が、Ag/AgCl電極である請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の分析デバイス。
- 前記参照電極が、前記参照電極の表面にラミネート層を有する請求項1~13のいずれか1項に記載の分析デバイス。
- 前記参照電極が、ベース電極の上に、支持電解質膜を積層した参照電極である請求項1~14のいずれか1項に記載の分析デバイス。
- 前記作用電極が、前記作用電極のベース電極の上に、イオン選択膜を積層したイオン選択電極である請求項1~15のいずれか1項に記載の分析デバイス。
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