WO2024255746A1 - 电子设备 - Google Patents

电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024255746A1
WO2024255746A1 PCT/CN2024/098562 CN2024098562W WO2024255746A1 WO 2024255746 A1 WO2024255746 A1 WO 2024255746A1 CN 2024098562 W CN2024098562 W CN 2024098562W WO 2024255746 A1 WO2024255746 A1 WO 2024255746A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sound
opening
outlet channel
rear cavity
electronic device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2024/098562
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
蒋国珠
龙立锋
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vivo Mobile Communication Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Vivo Mobile Communication Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vivo Mobile Communication Co Ltd filed Critical Vivo Mobile Communication Co Ltd
Publication of WO2024255746A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024255746A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/02—Constructional features of telephone sets
    • H04M1/0202—Portable telephone sets, e.g. cordless phones, mobile phones or bar type handsets
    • H04M1/0279—Improving the user comfort or ergonomics
    • H04M1/0283—Improving the user comfort or ergonomics for providing a decorative aspect, e.g. customization of casings, exchangeable faceplate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/02—Constructional features of telephone sets
    • H04M1/03—Constructional features of telephone transmitters or receivers, e.g. telephone hand-sets
    • H04M1/035—Improving the acoustic characteristics by means of constructional features of the housing, e.g. ribs, walls, resonating chambers or cavities

Definitions

  • the present application belongs to the field of communication technology, and specifically relates to an electronic device.
  • the purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide an electronic device that can solve the problem caused by the low heat dissipation efficiency of the speaker cavity.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, comprising a speaker and a shell, wherein the shell is provided with a first opening and a second opening;
  • the speaker comprises a body, a sound-emitting unit, a first sound output channel, and a second sound output channel;
  • the sound-emitting unit is located in the body, and the diaphragm of the sound-emitting unit divides the space of the body into a front cavity and a rear cavity, and the first sound output channel is respectively connected to the front cavity and the first opening, so that the sound waves of the sound-emitting unit in the front cavity are emitted after being transmitted to the first opening of the shell through the first sound output channel;
  • the second sound output channel is respectively connected to the rear cavity and the second opening, so that the sound waves of the sound-emitting unit in the rear cavity are emitted after being transmitted to the second opening of the shell through the second sound output channel.
  • an electronic device includes a speaker and a shell, and a first opening and a second opening are provided on the shell;
  • the speaker includes a body, a sound-emitting unit, a first sound outlet channel, and a second sound outlet channel;
  • the sound-emitting unit is located in the body, and the diaphragm of the sound-emitting unit divides the space of the body into a front cavity and a rear cavity, and the first sound outlet channel is respectively connected to the front cavity and the first opening, so that the sound waves of the sound-emitting unit in the front cavity are emitted after being transmitted to the first opening of the shell through the first sound outlet channel;
  • the second sound outlet channel is respectively connected to the rear cavity and the second opening, so that the sound waves of the sound-emitting unit in the rear cavity are emitted after being transmitted to the second opening of the shell through the second sound outlet channel, thereby forming a forced heat dissipation channel in the rear cavity of the speaker, so that the heat energy of the rear cavity
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the electronic device according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the electronic device according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the electronic device according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the flow of each sound output channel of the electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the bass performance of a speaker of an electronic device.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to yet another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a partial enlarged view of area A in the electronic device of the embodiment of FIG. 8 .
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to yet another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a partial enlarged view of area B in the electronic device of the embodiment of FIG. 10 .
  • first, second, etc. in the specification and claims of the present application are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchangeable under appropriate circumstances, so that the embodiments of the present application can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described here, and the objects distinguished by "first”, “second”, etc. are generally of one type, and the number of objects is not limited.
  • the first object can be one or more.
  • “and/or” in the specification and claims represents at least one of the connected objects, and the character “/" generally indicates that the objects associated with each other are in an "or” relationship.
  • the electronic device includes a speaker and a shell 10, the shell 10 is provided with a first opening 11 and a second opening 12;
  • the speaker includes a body, a sound unit 23, a first sound outlet channel and a second sound outlet channel 224;
  • the sound unit 23 is located in the body, and the diaphragm of the sound unit 23 divides the space of the body into a front cavity and a rear cavity 26, the first sound outlet channel is communicated with the front cavity and the first opening 11 respectively, so that the sound waves of the sound unit 23 in the front cavity are emitted after being transferred to the first opening 11 of the shell 10 through the first sound outlet channel;
  • the second sound outlet channel 224 is communicated with the rear cavity 26 and the second opening 12 respectively, so that the sound waves of the sound unit 23 in the rear cavity 26 are emitted after being transferred to the second opening 12 of the shell 10 through the second sound outlet channel 224.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the first sound output channel corresponding to the Z plane
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the second sound output channel corresponding to the Z plane.
  • the plane where the length and width of the mobile phone are located is the XY plane
  • the plane where the height or thickness of the mobile phone is located is the Z plane.
  • the main structures in the speaker include: a sound-emitting unit 23, such as a micro speaker unit; a speaker body, including a front shell 21 corresponding to the front cavity and a rear shell 22 corresponding to the rear cavity 26; a first sound output channel, including a vibration space 216 and a front cavity sound guide channel 214 in the speaker; a rear cavity 26 and a rear cavity powder filling area 27 in the rear cavity 26, which increases the equivalent volume by filling granular material.
  • a sound-emitting unit 23 such as a micro speaker unit
  • a speaker body including a front shell 21 corresponding to the front cavity and a rear shell 22 corresponding to the rear cavity 26
  • a first sound output channel including a vibration space 216 and a front cavity sound guide channel 214 in the speaker
  • the front shell 21 and the rear shell 22 include a plastic part and a steel sheet part that is often present.
  • the speaker and the housing 10 of the electronic device are connected and sealed through a dustproof net and a sealing auxiliary material 51.
  • the dustproof net and the dustproof net in the sealing auxiliary material 51 can be one or more pieces.
  • the housing 10 is provided with a first opening 11, which is connected to the vibration space 216 inside the speaker through the front cavity sound guide channel 214.
  • the sound waves emitted by the sound generating unit 23 are transmitted to the front cavity through the vibration of the diaphragm.
  • the sound waves are transmitted to the first opening 11 of the housing 10 through the vibration space 216 inside the speaker, the front cavity sound guide channel 214, the dustproof net and the sealing auxiliary material 51 and emitted, thereby realizing the external sound function of the speaker.
  • the front cavity sound guide channel 214 is inclined along the Z direction, the middle part of the front cavity sound guide channel 214 is blocked by the corresponding rigid structure in FIG3 .
  • the body includes a front shell 21 corresponding to the front cavity and a rear shell 22 corresponding to the rear cavity 26 , and the second sound outlet channel is arranged on the front shell 21 or the rear shell 22 .
  • a second sound outlet channel 224 is designed on the speaker body portion corresponding to the rear cavity 26 of the speaker, such as the front shell 21 or the rear shell 22 , and the channel can be used for heat dissipation of the speaker.
  • the housing 10 is provided with a second opening 12, which is connected to the rear cavity 26 via a second sound outlet channel 224.
  • the sound waves emitted by the sound-emitting unit 23 are transmitted to the second opening 12 of the housing 10 through the second sound outlet channel 224 through the vibration of the diaphragm and emitted from the rear cavity 26, thereby promoting convection heat exchange between the air in the rear cavity 26 and the outside, and realizing the heat dissipation function of the speaker.
  • the heat energy of the rear cavity 26 can be exchanged with the outside through this forced heat dissipation channel, so that the heat generated by the speaker can be quickly dissipated.
  • the speaker is close to the battery 31 .
  • the heat generated in the speaker can be transferred to the battery 31 , thereby heating the battery cover 32 . This will cause the temperature of the housing of the electronic device to rise, causing damage to the components of the electronic device.
  • the embodiment of the present application forms a forced heat dissipation channel in the rear cavity 26, so that the heat generated by the speaker can be quickly dissipated to the outside of the electronic device, thereby avoiding heating of the battery 31 and the battery cover 32 and reducing damage to the components of the electronic device.
  • At least one of the length and caliber of the second sound outlet channel 224 and the length and caliber of the second opening 12 has a predetermined size, and the predetermined size is used to adjust the sound waves of the rear cavity 26 to be in phase with the sound waves of the front cavity 2.
  • the front cavity sound waves and the rear cavity sound waves corresponding to the two sides of the speaker diaphragm have opposite phases and the same frequency.
  • the sound waves with opposite phases will produce a destructive interference effect, causing an acoustic short circuit, affecting the acoustic effect of the speaker, and reducing the sound quality of the speaker.
  • the second sound outlet channel 224 of the speaker and the second opening 12 of the shell 10 can be adjusted in size, such as length and diameter, to make the sound waves emitted from the rear cavity 26 anti-phase, thereby making the front cavity sound waves and the rear cavity sound waves on both sides of the diaphragm in the same phase, avoiding sound wave cancellation, and ensuring the acoustic effect of the speaker.
  • the area S and length L of the second opening 12 must satisfy a certain relationship, and the acoustic mass Ma of the second opening 12 and the acoustic compliance Ca brought by the rear cavity 26 must satisfy Theoretically, a longer length L and a smaller area S can achieve such a relationship, but a larger area S can dissipate more heat and obtain a higher low-frequency gain.
  • the area of the second opening 12 should be greater than 0.3 m 2 .
  • the second sound outlet channel 224 and the second opening 12 can be in the form of a flat channel, which can ensure the sealing width in the Z direction, and at the same time, the shape of the second opening 12 is arranged in sections so as not to affect the shape of the external hole.
  • the electronic device also includes: a dustproof net 52, which is arranged at the sound wave output port connected to the second sound output channel 224 and the second opening 12, and the dustproof net 52 has a predetermined sound resistance, and the predetermined sound resistance is used to adjust the sound quality of the sound waves in the rear cavity.
  • a dustproof net 52 which is arranged at the sound wave output port connected to the second sound output channel 224 and the second opening 12, and the dustproof net 52 has a predetermined sound resistance, and the predetermined sound resistance is used to adjust the sound quality of the sound waves in the rear cavity.
  • the dustproof net 52 is used to prevent dust, and the sound quality can be adjusted by the acoustic resistance of the dustproof net 52 to ensure the acoustic effect of the speaker.
  • a sealing auxiliary material can also be set at the position of the dustproof net 52, and the sealing auxiliary material is tightly connected to the second opening 12 of the shell 10.
  • the sealing auxiliary material is added between the second sound outlet channel 224 and the second opening 12 of the shell to enhance the airtightness of the connection, which is used to achieve the connection and sealing of the speaker and the shell 10 of the electronic device.
  • the first opening 11 and the second opening 12 are located on the same surface of the housing 10.
  • the first opening 11 and the second opening 12 are on the same surface, such as the appearance surface of the bottom of the mobile phone.
  • the appearance surface is also provided with, for example, a Type C terminal 13, a microphone sound inlet 14, a card slot 15, and the like.
  • the appearance requirements of the electronic device can be better met, avoiding the restriction of the application of the whole device design scheme. While ensuring the elegance and beauty of the appearance, the acoustic performance, temperature rise performance, reliability and process are guaranteed.
  • Figure 5 is a simulation diagram comparing the flow rate of the second opening connected to the second sound outlet channel of the rear cavity with the flow rate of the first opening connected to the first sound outlet channel of the front cavity. From the comparison of the curves in Figure 5, it can be seen that the flow rate flowing through the second opening is at the same order of magnitude as the flow rate flowing through the first opening in the medium and low frequency bands, which can be similar to the first sound outlet channel of the front cavity, and obtain a better mass flow with the low-temperature air in the external space. Exchange, forming the effect of forced convection.
  • a sound wave signal contains low-frequency and high-frequency components.
  • the larger amplitude and sound wave speed generated by the low-frequency component will drive the heated gas in the rear cavity of the speaker to exchange convection heat with the low-temperature air outside, thereby significantly suppressing the temperature rise of the speaker and reducing the temperature rise effect generated when playing sound.
  • the embodiment of the present application adjusts the size of the second sound outlet channel and/or the second opening 12 so that the sound waves emitted by the sound-emitting unit generate the same-phase sound waves in the rear cavity and the front cavity of the speaker.
  • the same-phase sound waves will not cause acoustic short circuits, and the acoustic effect consistent with the conventional solution can be obtained by adjusting the acoustic resistance of the dustproof net.
  • the solid line curve represents the acoustic effect of the conventional solution
  • the dotted line curve represents the acoustic effect of the speaker of the embodiment of the present application. It can be seen that the embodiment of the present application can avoid the influence of acoustic short circuits, and the acoustic effect in the frequency band above 200Hz in actual application of electronic equipment is not weaker than the conventional solution.
  • the embodiment of the present application designs a second sound outlet channel in the rear cavity and the shell of the speaker as a forced heat dissipation channel, thereby utilizing the forced convection generated when the sound unit is working to promote heat exchange between the high-temperature air in the rear cavity and the low-temperature air outside, thereby reducing the temperature rise effect generated during playback.
  • the acoustic effect of the speaker of the electronic device of the embodiment of the present application is not inferior to the conventional solution.
  • the original acoustic performance of the speaker can be guaranteed while improving the temperature rise, the structure is simple and the manufacturability is strong, and the application prospects are broad.
  • the electronic device further includes: a third sound outlet channel, which is connected to the second opening 12 and is arranged on the outer surface of the shell 10 in a direction parallel to the cross-section of the second opening 12; the sound unit 23 emits sound waves after the sound waves in the rear cavity 26 are transmitted to the second opening 12 of the shell 10 and the outlet of the third sound outlet channel through the second sound outlet channel 224.
  • the third sound outlet channel includes: a first groove 131, which is connected to the second opening 12 and is opened on the outer surface of the shell 10 in a direction parallel to the cross-section of the second opening 12; a decorative structure 132, which covers the first groove to form a closed sound outlet channel, and a third opening 133 is provided on the decorative structure 132 at a position away from the second opening 12 to serve as an outlet of the third sound outlet channel.
  • a first groove 131 is formed on the outer surface of the housing 10 in the direction of the surface, that is, the first groove 131 is formed on the outer surface of the housing 10 in a shape similar to the card slot 15 in FIG. 4.
  • One end of the first groove 131 is connected to the second opening 12, and extends to the left or right by a predetermined length in a direction parallel to the cross section of the second opening 12 and perpendicular to the axis of the second opening 12 (that is, along the X direction of the electronic device).
  • the first groove 131 is sealed by a decorative structure 132 and glue, and sound waves are emitted from a third opening 133 of the decorative structure on the decorative structure 132 at the far end.
  • This embodiment is applicable to the case where the length of the second sound outlet channel inside the speaker and the second opening of the shell is insufficient, and the length needs to be increased along the X direction of the whole machine.
  • the required additional channel can be formed by generating a groove on the outer surface of the shell and sealing it.
  • the acoustic effect of the speaker is improved by the additional channel length generated in the X direction outside the shell, and the flow rate at the second opening of the shell is increased.
  • the requirement of bass performance is met while ensuring the air flow rate.
  • the electronic device also includes: a fourth sound outlet channel, which is connected to the second sound outlet channel 224 and is arranged on the main body corresponding to the rear cavity 26 along a direction parallel to the cross-section of the second sound outlet channel 224; the sound-emitting unit 23 emits the sound waves in the rear cavity 26 after being transmitted to the second opening 12 of the shell 10 through the fourth sound outlet channel and the second sound outlet channel 224.
  • Figure 9 is a partial enlarged view of area A in the electronic device of the embodiment of Figure 8.
  • the fourth sound outlet channel includes: a second groove 141, which is connected to the second sound outlet channel 224 and is opened on the main body corresponding to the rear cavity 26 along a direction parallel to the cross-section of the second sound outlet channel 224; a sealing bone position 144, surrounding the sound wave output port 2242 connecting the second sound outlet channel 224 and the second groove 141; a sealing structure 142, fixed on the sealing bone position 144 and covering the second groove 141, and a fifth opening 143 is provided on the sealing structure 142 at a position away from the second sound outlet channel 224 to serve as a sound wave input port connecting the fourth sound outlet channel and the rear cavity 26.
  • the second groove 141 is disposed on the rear shell corresponding to the rear cavity inside the speaker, one end of the second groove 141 is connected to the second sound outlet channel 224, and extends to the left or right by a predetermined length along the X direction of the electronic device.
  • the second groove 141 is sealed by a sealing structure 142, and the sealing structure 142 is, for example, a PET sheet, which can cover the second groove 141 and the second sound outlet channel 224.
  • Figure 11 is a partial enlarged view of area B in the electronic device of the embodiment of Figure 10.
  • a sealing bone position 144 is set in the rear cavity 26 of the speaker.
  • the sealing bone position 144 surrounds the sound wave output port 2242 connected to the second sound output channel 224 and the fourth sound output channel.
  • the sealing structure 142 is fixed to the sealing bone position 144 by gluing.
  • the sealing bone position is a circle, and the material of the sealing bone position 144 can be It's plastic, etc.
  • the material of the PET sheet can be PET or other relatively hard materials.
  • the air in the rear cavity 26 can be connected to the second sound outlet channel 224 through the fifth opening 143 and the fourth sound outlet channel, so that the air in the rear cavity 26 is transmitted from the sound wave input port corresponding to the fifth opening 143 to the sound wave output port 2242 through the fourth sound outlet channel.
  • the housing 10 further includes a fourth opening (not shown in the figure), and the fifth opening 143 of the sealing structure 142 is connected with the fourth opening of the housing 10, so that the sound waves of the speaker rear cavity 26 can be emitted through the fifth opening 143, the fourth sound outlet channel, the sound wave output port 2242, the second sound outlet channel 224 and the second opening 12. And it is connected with the outside air, so that the heat of the speaker rear cavity can be dissipated.
  • This embodiment is applicable to the case where the length of the second sound outlet channel inside the speaker and the second opening of the shell is insufficient, and the bottom surface of the shell is not suitable for decorative structures.
  • the required additional channel can be formed by generating a groove on the speaker body and sealing it.
  • the acoustic effect of the speaker is improved by the additional channel length generated in the X direction inside the speaker, and the flow rate at the second opening of the shell is increased. This ensures that the air flow rate is guaranteed while meeting the bass performance requirements.
  • the electronic device also includes: a vibration component 152, which is arranged on the sealing structure 142 through the sealing bone position 144, and is used to push the sound waves in the rear cavity 26 to be emitted to the second opening 12 through the fourth sound outlet channel and the second sound outlet channel 224.
  • a vibration component 152 which is arranged on the sealing structure 142 through the sealing bone position 144, and is used to push the sound waves in the rear cavity 26 to be emitted to the second opening 12 through the fourth sound outlet channel and the second sound outlet channel 224.
  • a sealing bone position 144 is set in the rear cavity 26 of the speaker, and the sealing bone position 144 surrounds the sound wave output port 2242 connected to the second sound output channel 224 and the fourth sound output channel.
  • the vibration component 152 is fixed to the sealing bone position 144 by glue, and the vibration component 152 is set on the sealing structure 142, that is, on the fourth sound output channel.
  • the sound unit 23 When the sound unit 23 plays, it pushes the air in the rear cavity 26, and the air in the rear cavity further pushes the vibration component 152 to vibrate.
  • the vibration pushes the second sound outlet channel 224 to exchange heat with the outside air, thereby strengthening the convection between the air in the rear cavity and the outside air, and improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the radiator rear cavity.
  • the vibration assembly 152 has a predetermined area and a counterweight 1522 , wherein the predetermined area is not less than one twentieth of the diaphragm area inside the sound unit 23 and not more than one half of the diaphragm area inside the sound unit 23 ; the counterweight 1522 is disposed close to the rear cavity 26 .
  • the diaphragm area of the vibration component 152 needs to be as large as possible.
  • the application of the vibration component prevents impurities such as dust and water from entering the rear cavity 26, thereby improving the reliability of the speaker module.
  • the counterweight 1522 of the vibration component 152 can increase the equivalent sound mass of the second opening 12. The larger the counterweight mass, the larger the corresponding equivalent sound mass. By reasonably adjusting the counterweight, the tuning frequency of the box can be controlled to better achieve the target value of performance.
  • the weight and compliance of the material need to be finely tuned, and the material of the weight should be a heat-conducting material or a thin material.
  • the speaker of the electronic device can obtain better performance and reliability.
  • an electronic device includes a speaker and a shell, and a first opening and a second opening are provided on the shell;
  • the speaker includes a body, a sound-emitting unit, a first sound outlet channel, and a second sound outlet channel;
  • the sound-emitting unit is located in the body, and the diaphragm of the sound-emitting unit divides the space of the body into a front cavity and a rear cavity, and the first sound outlet channel is respectively connected to the front cavity and the first opening, so that the sound waves of the sound-emitting unit in the front cavity are emitted after being transmitted to the first opening of the shell through the first sound outlet channel;
  • the second sound outlet channel is respectively connected to the rear cavity and the second opening, so that the sound waves of the sound-emitting unit in the rear cavity are emitted after being transmitted to the second opening of the shell through the second sound outlet channel, thereby forming a forced heat dissipation channel in the rear cavity of the speaker, so that the heat energy of the rear cavity

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Obtaining Desirable Characteristics In Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)

Abstract

本申请公开了一种电子设备，属于通信技术领域。该电子设备包括扬声器和壳体，所述壳体上设有第一开孔和第二开孔；所述扬声器包括本体、发声单元、第一出音通道和第二出音通道；所述发声单元，位于所述本体中，所述发声单元的振膜将所述本体的空间分隔形成前腔和后腔，所述第一出音通道分别与所述前腔和所述第一开孔连通，以使所述发声单元在所述前腔的声波通过所述第一出音通道传递到所述壳体的第一开孔后发出；所述第二出音通道分别与所述后腔和所述第二开孔连通，以使所述发声单元在所述后腔的声波通过所述第二出音通道传递到所述壳体的第二开孔后发出。

Description

电子设备
交叉引用
本申请要求在2023年06月15日提交中国专利局、申请号为202310716427.0、名称为“电子设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请属于通信技术领域，具体涉及一种电子设备。
背景技术
随着电子设备的发展，用户对电子设备的功能和外观都有着越来越高的要求，这使得承担发声功能的扬声器的堆叠空间越来越小，从而导致音腔变小。由于电子设备功能集中，各个模块的器件紧密排布，会导致扬声器发出的热量难以很快散发出去，热量累积并传递到电池盖进行加热，不仅导致电子设备外壳温度升高，还会对电子设备的器件造成损害。
发明内容
本申请实施例的目的是提供一种电子设备，能够解决扬声器音腔散热效率低所导致的问题。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电子设备，包括扬声器和壳体，所述壳体上设有第一开孔和第二开孔；所述扬声器包括本体、发声单元、第一出音通道和第二出音通道；所述发声单元，位于所述本体中，所述发声单元的振膜将所述本体的空间分隔形成前腔和后腔，所述第一出音通道分别与所述前腔和所述第一开孔连通，以使所述发声单元在所述前腔的声波通过所述第一出音通道传递到所述壳体的第一开孔后发出；所述第二出音通道分别与所述后腔和所述第二开孔连通，以使所述发声单元在所述后腔的声波通过所述第二出音通道传递到所述壳体的第二开孔后发出。
在本申请实施例中，电子设备包括扬声器和壳体，所述壳体上设有第一开孔和第二开孔；所述扬声器包括本体、发声单元、第一出音通道和第二出音通道；所述发声单元，位于所述本体中，所述发声单元的振膜将所述本体的空间分隔形成前腔和后腔，所述第一出音通道分别与所述前腔和所述第一开孔连通，以使所述发声单元在所述前腔的声波通过所述第一出音通道传递到所述壳体的第一开孔后发出；所述第二出音通道分别与所述后腔和所述第二开孔连通，以使所述发声单元在所述后腔的声波通过所述第二出音通道传递到所述壳体的第二开孔后发出，由此通过在扬声器后腔中形成一条强制散热通道，使后腔的热能通过此强制散热通道与外界进行热交换，使得扬声器发出的热量可以很快散发出去，提高扬声器的散热效率，克服扬声器散热慢导致温升过高的问题，从而降低对电子设备的器件的损害。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例的电子设备的结构示意图之一。
图2是本申请实施例的电子设备的结构示意图之一。
图3是本申请实施例的电子设备的结构示意图之一。
图4是本申请实施例的电子设备的结构示意图之一。
图5是本申请实施例的电子设备各出音通道的流量示意图。
图6是电子设备的扬声器的低音性能示意图。
图7是本申请另一个实施例的电子设备的结构示意图。
图8是本申请又一个实施例的电子设备的结构示意图。
图9是图8实施例的电子设备中区域A的局部放大图。
图10是本申请再一个实施例的电子设备的结构示意图。
图11是图10实施例的电子设备中区域B的局部放大图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员获得的所有其他实施 例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
本申请的说明书和权利要求书中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换，以便本申请的实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施，且“第一”、“第二”等所区分的对象通常为一类，并不限定对象的个数，例如第一对象可以是一个，也可以是多个。此外，说明书以及权利要求中“和/或”表示所连接对象的至少其中之一，字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
下面结合附图，通过具体的实施例及其应用场景对本申请实施例提供的电子设备进行详细地说明。
参考图1和图2，电子设备包括扬声器和壳体10，所述壳体10上设有第一开孔11和第二开孔12；所述扬声器包括本体、发声单元23、第一出音通道和第二出音通道224；所述发声单元23，位于所述本体中，所述发声单元23的振膜将所述本体的空间分隔形成前腔和后腔26，所述第一出音通道分别与所述前腔和所述第一开孔11连通，以使所述发声单元23在所述前腔的声波通过所述第一出音通道传递到所述壳体10的第一开孔11后发出；所述第二出音通道224分别与所述后腔26和所述第二开孔12连通，以使所述发声单元23在所述后腔26的声波通过所述第二出音通道224传递到所述壳体10的第二开孔12后发出。
图1是第一出音通道对应Z平面的剖视图，图2是第二出音通道对应Z平面的剖视图，以电子设备是手机为例，手机的长和宽所在平面为XY平面，则手机的高度或厚度所在平面为Z平面。
如图1和图3所示，扬声器中的主要构造包括：发声单元23，例如微型扬声器单元；扬声器本体，包括对应前腔的前壳21和对应后腔26的后壳22；第一出音通道，包括扬声器中的振动空间216和前腔导音通道214；后腔26和后腔26中存在的后腔灌粉区27，通过灌入填充颗粒材料来增大等效体积。
前壳21和后壳22包含塑胶件部分和经常存在的钢片部分，扬声器与电子设备的壳体10通过防尘网及密封辅料51来连接及密封，为了防水防尘等可靠性问题，防尘网及密封辅料51中的防尘网可以为一片或多片。
壳体10上形成有第一开孔11，第一开孔11经前腔导音通道214连接扬声器内部的振动空间216。发声单元23发出的声波经振膜的振动，将前腔中 的声波经扬声器内部的振动空间216、前腔导音通道214、防尘网及密封辅料51传递到壳体10的第一开孔11并发出，实现扬声器的外放功能。在图1实施例中，由于前腔导音通道214沿Z向有倾斜，因此前腔导音通道214的中间部分区域在图3上被对应的刚性结构遮挡。
具体地，所述本体包括对应所述前腔的前壳21和对应所述后腔26的后壳22，所述第二出音通道设置在所述前壳21或所述后壳22上。
如图2和图3所示，在扬声器的后腔26对应的扬声器本体部分，例如前壳21或后壳22上设计有第二出音通道224，该通道可以用于扬声器的散热。
壳体10上形成有第二开孔12，第二开孔12经第二出音通道224连接后腔26。发声单元23发出的声波经振膜的振动，将后腔26中的声波将第二出音通道224传递到壳体10的第二开孔12并发出，促进后腔26中的空气与外界的对流热交换，实现扬声器的散热功能。
由此，通过在后腔26中形成一条包括第二出音通道224和第二开孔12的强制散热通道，使后腔26的热能通过此强制散热通道与外界进行热交换，使得扬声器发出的热量可以很快散发出去。
参考图1和图2，扬声器与电池31位置相近，在没有在后腔26中形成强制散热通道的情况下，扬声器内产生的热量可传递到电池31，从而对电池盖32进行加热，如此会导致电子设备外壳温度升高，对电子设备的器件造成损害。
本申请实施例通过在后腔26中形成强制散热通道，可使得扬声器发出的热量快速散发到电子设备的外部，避免对电池31和电池盖32的加热，降低对电子设备的器件的损害。
可选地，所述第二出音通道224的长度、口径和所述第二开孔12的长度、口径中的至少一个具有预定尺寸，所述预定尺寸用于调整所述后腔26的声波与所述前腔2的声波同相。
正常情况下，扬声器振膜两侧对应的前腔声波和后腔声波的相位相反，频率相同，相位相反的声波会产生干涉相消的效果，造成声短路，影响扬声器外放的声学效果，降低扬声器的音质。对此，本申请实施例中可通过调整扬声器的第二出音通道224和壳体10的第二开孔12的尺寸，例如长度、口径来使后腔26中发出的声波产生反相，由此使得振膜两侧前腔声波和后腔声波的同相位，避免声波抵消，保障扬声器外放声学效果。
具体地，第二开孔12的面积S与长度L，需满足一定的关系，第二开孔12的声质量Ma与后腔26带来的声顺Ca满足的关系，才可以让声波反相，理论上较长的长度L和较小的面积S可以达到这样的关系，但较大的面积S能散发更多的热量，也能获得更高的低频增益。在本申请实施例中，第二开孔12的面积应大于0.3m2。
此外，第二出音通道224和第二开孔12可以采用扁平通道的形式，能够保证Z方向上的密封宽度，同时分段设置第二开孔12的形状以不影响外观孔的形状。
参考图2，可选地，电子设备还包括：防尘网52，设置在所述第二出音通道224与所述第二开孔12连通的声波输出口，所述防尘网52具有预定声阻，所述预定声阻用于调整所述后腔的声波的音质。
防尘网52用于防尘，并通过防尘网52的声阻调试音质，可保障扬声器声学效果。防尘网52的位置处还可以设置密封辅料，通过密封辅料与壳体10的第二开孔12紧密连接，第二出音通道224与壳体的第二开孔12之间加入密封辅料以加强连接处的气密性，用于实现扬声器与电子设备的壳体10的连接及密封。
由此，在保障扬声器声学效果的同时，可以获得非常好的强制对流效果，促进后腔26中的空气与外界的对流热交换。
参考图4，所述第一开孔11和所述第二开孔12位于所述壳体10的相同面。第一开孔11和第二开孔12在同一个面，例如手机底部的外观面。该外观面上例如还设置有TypeC端子13、麦克风进音孔14和卡槽15等等。
通过将第一开孔11和第二开孔12设在同一个面，可以更好地满足电子设备的外观需求，避免造成整机设计方案应用的制约。在保证外观上的优雅与美观的同时，保证声学性能、温升性能、可靠性和制程。
现在参考图5，图5是根据后腔第二出音通道连通的第二开孔的流量，与前腔第一出音通道连通的第一开孔的流量对比仿真图。从图5中曲线对比可知，流经第二开孔的流量与流经第一开孔的流量在中低频段处于同一数量级，可类似于前腔第一出音通道，与外界空间的低温空气获得较好的质量流 交换，形成强制对流的效果。
然而一段声波信号中包含低频成分和高频成分，在播放时低频成分产生的较大振幅和声波速度，会推动扬声器后腔被加热的气体与外界低温空气进行对流热交换，从而显著抑制扬声器的温升，减少播放声音时产生的温升效应。
此外，本申请实施例通过调整第二出音通道和或第二开孔12的尺寸，来使发声单元发出的声波产生同相的扬声器后腔的声波和前腔的声波，同相位的声波不会造成声短路，并且通过防尘网的声阻的调试，可获得与常规方案一致的声学效果。如图6所示，实线曲线表示常规方案声学效果，虚线曲线表示本申请实施例扬声器的声学效果，由此可知本申请实施例可以规避声短路的影响，在电子设备实际应用的200Hz以上的频段的声学效果不弱于常规方案。
因此，本申请实施例通过在扬声器的后腔和壳体设计第二出音通道作为强制散热通道，从而利用发声单元工作时产生的强制对流来促进后腔高温空气与外界低温空气的热交换，减少播放时产生的温升效应。
同时，通过对散热通道的尺寸、防尘网进行合理控制，可以保证本申请实施例电子设备的扬声器的声学效果不弱于常规方案。从而可以在对温升改善的同时仍保障扬声器原有的声学性能，结构简单可制造性强，应用前景广阔。
若壳体10的第二开孔12和扬声器的第二出音通道224的长度，不足以满足声学效果和/或有效散热的需求时，参考图7，在一个实施例中，电子设备还包括：第三出音通道，与所述第二开孔12连通，并沿平行于所述第二开孔12横截面的方向设置在所述壳体10的外表面上；所述发声单元23在所述后腔26的声波通过所述第二出音通道224传递到所述壳体10的第二开孔12和所述第三出音通道的出口后发出。
结合图7，第三出音通道包括：第一凹槽131，与所述第二开孔12连通，并沿平行于所述第二开孔12横截面的方向开设在所述壳体10的外表面上；装饰结构132，覆盖所述第一凹槽以形成封闭的出音通道，所述装饰结构132上远离所述第二开孔12的位置设有第三开孔133，以作为所述第三出音通道的出口。
图4所示平面平行于第二开孔12的横截面，沿平行于第二开孔12横截 面的方向开设第一凹槽131，即类似于沿图4卡槽15的形状在壳体10的外表面上形成第一凹槽131，第一凹槽131的一端与第二开孔12连通，并沿平行于第二开孔12横截面且垂直第二开孔12轴线的方向(即，沿电子设备的X方向)向左或向右延伸预定长度。第一凹槽131由装饰结构132和胶密封，并在远端由装饰结构132上的装饰结构的第三开孔133发出声波。
本实施例适用扬声器内部的第二出音通道和壳体第二开孔的长度不足，而需要沿整机X方向获取长度的情形，可通过在壳体外表面上生成凹槽并密封形成所需的附加通道。由此，通过壳体外部X方向产生的附加通道长度，来提升扬声器的声学效果，增大壳体第二开孔处的流量。实现在保证气流流量的同时，满足低音性能的需求。
参考图8，在另一个实施例中，电子设备还包括：第四出音通道，与所述第二出音通道224连通，并沿平行于所述第二出音通道224横截面的方向设置在对应所述后腔26的本体上；所述发声单元23在所述后腔26的声波通过所述第四出音通道、所述第二出音通道224传递到所述壳体10的第二开孔12后发出。
结合图8和图9，图9是图8实施例的电子设备中区域A的局部放大图，如图所示，第四出音通道包括：第二凹槽141，与所述第二出音通道224连通，并沿平行于所述第二出音通道224横截面的方向开设在对应所述后腔26的本体上；密封骨位144，环绕所述第二出音通道224与所述第二凹槽141连通的声波输出口2242；密封结构142，固定于所述密封骨位144上，并覆盖所述第二凹槽141，所述密封结构142上远离所述第二出音通道224的位置设有第五开孔143，以作为所述第四出音通道与所述后腔26连通的声波输入口。
在该实施例中，第二凹槽141设置在扬声器内部后腔对应的后壳上，第二凹槽141的一端与第二出音通道224连通，并沿电子设备的X方向向左或向右延伸预定长度。第二凹槽141由密封结构142密封，密封结构142例如为PET片，PET片可覆盖第二凹槽141和第二出音通道224。
如图9和图11所示，图11是图10实施例的电子设备中区域B的局部放大图，例如，在扬声器的后腔26中设置密封骨位144，该密封骨位144环绕第二出音通道224和第四出音通道连通的声波输出口2242，密封结构142并通过打胶固定于密封骨位144上。密封骨位为一圈，密封骨位144材质可以 是塑胶等。
PET片材质可以是PET，也可为其它偏硬质的材质。同时，密封结构142远端处有第五开孔143，第五开孔143与后腔26连通。后腔26的空气可以经第五开孔143、第四出音通道，与第二出音通道224连通，从而后腔26的空气从第五开孔143对应的声波输入口，经第四出音通道传递到声波输出口2242。
由于密封结构142设置在扬声器的本体上，且第四出音通道用于和外界交换空气进行散热降温，因此壳体10还包括第四开孔(图中未示出)，密封结构142的第五开孔143通过与壳体10的第四开孔连通，实现扬声器后腔26的声波可经过第五开孔143、第四出音通道、声波输出口2242、第二出音通道224和第二开孔12发出。并与外界空气连通，从而可将扬声器后腔的热量散发出去。
本实施例适用扬声器内部的第二出音通道和壳体第二开孔的长度不足，壳体底面也不适合做装饰结构的情形，可通过在扬声器本体上生成凹槽并密封形成所需的附加通道。由此，通过扬声器内部X方向产生的附加通道长度，来提升扬声器的声学效果，增大壳体第二开孔处的流量。实现在保证气流流量的同时，满足低音性能的需求。
此外，为加强后腔空气与外界空气的对流，参考图10和图11，在一个实施例中，电子设备还包括：振动组件152，通过所述密封骨位144设置在所述密封结构142上，用于推动所述后腔26的声波通过所述第四出音通道、所述第二出音通道224向所述第二开孔12发出。
如图11对应区域B的局部放大图所示，在所述扬声器的后腔26中设置密封骨位144，该密封骨位144环绕第二出音通道224和第四出音通道连通的声波输出口2242，密封骨位144上通过胶水粘贴固定振动组件152，振动组件152设置在密封结构142上，也即第四出音通道上。
当发声单元23播放时会推动后腔26中的空气，后腔空气进而推动振动组件152振动，振动会推动第二出音通道224与外界空气进行热交换，从而加强后腔空气与外界空气的对流，提高散热器后腔的散热效率。
在一个实施例中，振动组件152具有预定面积和配重1522，所述预定面积不小于所述发声单元23内部振膜面积的二十分之一且不大于所述发声单元23内部的振膜面积的二分之一；所述配重1522靠近所述后腔26设置。
为了促进对流流量，振动组件152的振膜面积需尽可能大。振动组件的应用，避免了粉尘、水等杂质进入后腔26，提高了扬声器模组的可靠性。另外，振动组件152的配重1522可以增加12第二开孔的等效声质量，配重质量越大，对应的等效声质量越大，通过合理调整配重可以控制箱体的调谐频率，使之更好地达到性能的目标值。
其材质的配重和顺性需精细调制，配重的材质应为易导热材质或薄材质。在该实施例中，通过增加振动组件面积和配重的调试维度，通过调整配重和面积，可以使得电子设备的扬声器获得更好的性能和可靠性。
在本申请实施例中，电子设备包括扬声器和壳体，所述壳体上设有第一开孔和第二开孔；所述扬声器包括本体、发声单元、第一出音通道和第二出音通道；所述发声单元，位于所述本体中，所述发声单元的振膜将所述本体的空间分隔形成前腔和后腔，所述第一出音通道分别与所述前腔和所述第一开孔连通，以使所述发声单元在所述前腔的声波通过所述第一出音通道传递到所述壳体的第一开孔后发出；所述第二出音通道分别与所述后腔和所述第二开孔连通，以使所述发声单元在所述后腔的声波通过所述第二出音通道传递到所述壳体的第二开孔后发出，由此通过在扬声器后腔中形成一条强制散热通道，使后腔的热能通过此强制散热通道与外界进行热交换，使得扬声器发出的热量可以很快散发出去，提高扬声器的散热效率，克服扬声器散热慢导致温升过高的问题，从而降低对电子设备的器件的损害。
上面结合附图对本申请的实施例进行了描述，但是本申请并不局限于上述的具体实施方式，上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的，而不是限制性的，本领域的普通技术人员在本申请的启示下，在不脱离本申请宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下，还可做出很多形式，均属于本申请的保护之内。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种电子设备，包括扬声器和壳体，
    所述壳体上设有第一开孔和第二开孔；
    所述扬声器包括本体、发声单元、第一出音通道和第二出音通道；
    所述发声单元，位于所述本体所围成的容纳空间中，所述发声单元的振膜将所述容纳空间分隔形成前腔和后腔，所述第一出音通道分别与所述前腔和所述第一开孔连通，以使所述发声单元在所述前腔的声波通过所述第一出音通道传递到所述壳体的第一开孔后发出；所述第二出音通道分别与所述后腔和所述第二开孔连通，以使所述发声单元在所述后腔的声波和热能通过所述第二出音通道传递到所述壳体的第二开孔后发出。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电子设备，其中，所述第二出音通道的长度、口径和所述第二开孔的长度、口径中的至少一个具有预定尺寸，所述预定尺寸用于调整所述后腔的声波与所述前腔的声波同相。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电子设备，其中，还包括：
    防尘网，设置在所述第二出音通道与所述第二开孔连通的声波输出口并覆盖所述声波输出口，所述防尘网用于调整所述后腔的声波的音质。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电子设备，其中，所述第一开孔和所述第二开孔位于所述壳体的相同面。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的电子设备，其中，所述本体包括对应所述前腔的前壳和对应所述后腔的后壳，所述第二出音通道设置在所述前壳或所述后壳上。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的电子设备，其中，还包括：
    第三出音通道，与所述第二开孔连通，并沿平行于所述第二开孔横截面的方向设置在所述壳体的外表面上；
    所述发声单元在所述后腔的声波通过所述第二出音通道传递到所述壳体的第二开孔和所述第三出音通道的出口后发出。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电子设备，其中，第三出音通道包括：
    第一凹槽，与所述第二开孔连通，并沿平行于所述第二开孔横截面的方向开设在所述壳体的外表面上；
    装饰结构，覆盖所述第一凹槽以形成封闭的出音通道，所述装饰结构 上远离所述第二开孔的位置设有第三开孔，以作为所述第三出音通道的出口。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的电子设备，其中，还包括：
    第四出音通道，分别与所述第二出音通道和所述后腔连通，并沿平行于所述第二出音通道横截面的方向设置在对应所述后腔的本体上；
    所述发声单元在所述后腔的声波通过所述第四出音通道、所述第二出音通道传递到所述壳体的第二开孔后发出。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电子设备，其中，第四出音通道包括：
    第二凹槽，与所述第二出音通道连通，并沿平行于所述第二出音通道横截面的方向开设在对应所述后腔的本体上；
    密封骨位，环绕所述第二出音通道与所述第二凹槽连通的声波输出口；
    密封结构，固定于所述密封骨位上，并覆盖所述第二凹槽，所述密封结构上远离所述第二出音通道的位置设有第五开孔，以作为所述第四出音通道与所述后腔连通的声波输入口。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电子设备，其中，还包括：
    振动组件，通过所述密封骨位设置在所述密封结构上，用于推动所述后腔的声波通过所述第四出音通道、所述第二出音通道向所述第二开孔发出。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电子设备，其中，所述振动组件具有预定面积和配重，所述预定面积不小于所述发声单元内部振膜面积的二十分之一且不大于所述发声单元内部的振膜面积的二分之一；
    所述配重靠近所述后腔设置。
PCT/CN2024/098562 2023-06-15 2024-06-12 电子设备 Ceased WO2024255746A1 (zh)

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