WO2024254788A1 - 一种终端 - Google Patents

一种终端 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024254788A1
WO2024254788A1 PCT/CN2023/100217 CN2023100217W WO2024254788A1 WO 2024254788 A1 WO2024254788 A1 WO 2024254788A1 CN 2023100217 W CN2023100217 W CN 2023100217W WO 2024254788 A1 WO2024254788 A1 WO 2024254788A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery unit
terminal
battery
bmu
bcu
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2023/100217
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐平红
王俊义
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shenzhen Yinwang Intelligent Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Shenzhen Yinwang Intelligent Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shenzhen Yinwang Intelligent Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Shenzhen Yinwang Intelligent Technology Co Ltd
Priority to PCT/CN2023/100217 priority Critical patent/WO2024254788A1/zh
Priority to CN202380094587.4A priority patent/CN120712200A/zh
Publication of WO2024254788A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024254788A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of new energy terminals, and in particular to a terminal.
  • terminals With the popularization of terminals and the development of new energy technologies, more and more terminals use batteries for energy supply. These terminals can be called new energy vehicle terminals. Taking electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles as examples, they can use batteries to provide power and reduce the cost of using vehicles.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a terminal that can improve the flexibility of the terminal's cruising range and enhance the user experience without significantly increasing the purchase cost of the terminal.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a terminal, including a first battery cell and a connecting device, wherein the first battery cell is fixedly installed in the terminal, the first battery cell is used to power the terminal, the connecting device is arranged in the first battery cell, and the connecting device is used to couple with a second battery cell to realize electrical connection between the first battery cell and the second battery cell.
  • the terminal includes a fixedly mounted first battery unit and a connecting device disposed on the first battery unit.
  • the user can connect the second battery unit to the first battery unit through the connecting device to increase the battery capacity of the terminal and increase the cruising range.
  • the second battery unit may not be installed on the terminal, which can reduce the total weight of the terminal, thereby reducing the power consumption of the terminal, improving the speed change efficiency, and improving the user experience.
  • it is not necessary to immediately purchase the second battery unit with the terminal, which reduces the purchase cost of the terminal and improves the assembly flexibility of the terminal.
  • connection device usually has a high-voltage interface. If multiple connection devices are dispersed in the terminal, it may cause multiple safety hazards and the replacement cost is high after damage.
  • the connection device of the present application is set in the first battery unit. On the one hand, it can make the interfaces and lines related to electrical transmission concentrated near the first battery unit, which is convenient for centralized management; on the other hand, when the connection device is damaged, the first battery unit can be repaired separately, so there is no need to repair the entire terminal, which improves the reliability of the terminal.
  • this solution can improve the flexibility of the terminal's endurance mileage without significantly increasing the purchase cost of the terminal, so that users can flexibly install and remove the second battery unit according to their own needs for endurance, thereby improving the user experience.
  • connection device may be an electrical connector.
  • connection device may include an electrical transmission interface, a wired communication interface, and a wireless communication module.
  • the electrical transmission interface also known as a high-voltage interface, is used for power transmission and can be used to form a current loop between the second battery unit and the terminal (or the first battery unit).
  • the electrical transmission interface includes a positive electrode interface and a negative electrode interface.
  • the electrical transmission interface is also called a high-voltage interface, and its current and voltage are usually set
  • the rated voltage of the electrical transmission interface may be 200V to 2000V, and the rated current may be 10A to 1000A.
  • Wired communication connections can transmit wired signals.
  • wired communication interfaces are also called low-voltage interfaces, and their current and voltage are usually set relatively low.
  • the rated voltage of a wired communication interface can be 5V to 60V, and its rated current can be 1A to 20A.
  • a wired communication interface may include one or more interfaces.
  • the wired communication interface includes one or more of a positioning interface, a grounding interface, or a balancing interface.
  • the positioning interface is used for pin positioning.
  • the grounding interface is used to protect the grounding and improve safety.
  • the above three interfaces are used to illustrate the functions of the wired communication interface by way of example.
  • the wired communication interface may include more or fewer interfaces, and the functions of the interface may also have other designs, which will not be described one by one here.
  • the wireless communication module is used to establish a wireless communication connection.
  • the wireless communication connection can transmit wireless signals.
  • the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless communication module may include one or more of the following wireless communication technologies: SparkLink, 802.11b/g, bluetooth, Zigbee, radio frequency identification (RFID), ultra-wideband (UWB), Long Term Evolution (Long Term Evolution) communication technology, fifth generation mobile communication technology (5th generation mobile networks or 5th generation wireless systems, 5th-Generation, referred to as 5G or 5G technology), global system for mobile communications (GSM), general packet radio service (GPRS), or universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS), etc.
  • SparkLink 802.11b/g
  • bluetooth Zigbee
  • RFID radio frequency identification
  • UWB ultra-wideband
  • Long Term Evolution Long Term Evolution
  • 5G or 5G technology fifth generation mobile communication technology
  • GSM global system for mobile communications
  • GPRS general packet radio service
  • UMTS universal mobile telecommunications system
  • connection device includes a wired communication interface and a wireless communication module, which supports the transmission of power data between the power supply device and the device to be powered by wired and wireless methods, which is equivalent to double insurance during the transmission process. That is, when one communication method fails or is inefficient, another communication method can also be used to transmit power data, thereby improving the reliability and stability of communication.
  • the terminal includes an installation device, and the installation device is used to detachably install the second battery unit.
  • the terminal includes a locking/unlocking structure.
  • the installation device can detachably install the second battery unit in the terminal, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the terminal.
  • the terminal further includes a receiving cavity, which is used to install the second battery unit to increase the service life of the second battery unit and the terminal.
  • the receiving space formed by the receiving cavity can accommodate the entire volume of the second battery unit, or accommodate a portion of the volume of the second battery unit.
  • the receiving cavity is used to install the second battery unit in the direction perpendicular to the bottom surface of the terminal of the first battery unit.
  • the receiving space formed by the receiving cavity and the positional relationship of the first battery unit are: the two are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the bottom surface of the terminal.
  • the center of gravity of the terminal in the horizontal direction i.e., in the direction of the bottom surface
  • the storage space occupied by the second battery unit does not need to be supplemented with a counterweight, which reduces the energy consumption of the terminal, increases the speed-up efficiency, and improves the user experience.
  • the terminal further includes a battery control unit (BCU), and the first battery unit includes a battery monitor unit (BMU), so that the BMU in the first battery unit is referred to as the first BMU for easy distinction.
  • the BCU is a device for performing calculations and issuing control instructions, and has computing capabilities.
  • the BCU can be set in the first battery unit (that is, the first battery unit includes the BCU), or it can be set outside the first battery unit.
  • the BMU is a device for reporting data, and can also perform operations according to the instructions of the BCU.
  • the BMU is used to collect battery data and report it to the BCU, and the BCU is used to form control instructions based on the battery data. It should be noted that the present application does not limit the number of BMUs included in the first BMU. In the case where the first BMU includes multiple BMUs, the functions and scopes of the multiple BMUs may be the same or different.
  • the first battery unit may include multiple batteries, and one BMU may be used to collect battery data of one or more batteries.
  • the BCU and the first BMU have communication capabilities, and the communication method between the BCU and the first BMU includes a wired communication method and/or a wireless communication method.
  • the topology between the BCU and the first BMU includes one of the following topologies: direct communication topology, relay communication topology, ring communication topology, etc.
  • the direct communication topology includes the BCU and the first BMU, for example, the first BMU is directly connected to the BCU.
  • the relay communication topology includes a BCU, a first BMU and a connection device.
  • the first BMU and the BCU can communicate through a link of "first BMU-connection device-BCU".
  • the ring communication topology includes the BCU, the first BMU and the connection device.
  • the BCU, the first BMU and the connection device are connected in pairs to form a ring communication topology.
  • the ring communication topology can achieve communication redundancy.
  • the first BMU and the BCU can communicate through the direct link of "first BMU-BCU” or through the link of "first BMU-connection device-BCU". Therefore, the ring communication topology can achieve communication redundancy, share the pressure of a single line, and use another line for communication when one line fails, thereby improving the stability and safety of the battery system.
  • the battery data includes one or more of power supply connection parameters, battery status parameters, diagnosis results, or alarm signals.
  • the power supply connection parameters refer to parameters related to the power supply connection, such as one or more of the following signals: battery management system (BMS)_12V+, BMS_12V-, auxiliary power supply negative A-, BMS wake-up signal, BMS debugging high signal, BMS debugging low signal, electronic control unit communication, reserved signal, etc.
  • BMS battery management system
  • the battery status parameters may include internal battery status parameters, external battery status parameters, etc.
  • the status parameters include but are not limited to one or more of temperature, humidity, air pressure, gas concentration, gas type, voltage, current, stress, internal resistance, electrolyte signal, etc.
  • the diagnosis result refers to the result obtained by diagnosing the power supply connection parameters, battery status parameters, etc., and may be, for example, normal data, too large, too small, wrong, or missing data.
  • the alarm signal is an indication signal that informs the administrator or user of possible danger when the power connection parameters, battery status parameters, and diagnostic results meet certain conditions. For example, when the diagnostic results are abnormal, such as too large, too small, wrong, missing, etc., the alarm signal is triggered.
  • the terminal further includes a second battery unit, and the second battery unit is used to supply power to the terminal.
  • the first battery unit and the second battery unit are connected in parallel.
  • the parallel connection can solve the circulation problem of the battery units, and the connection device is arranged on the first battery unit, so that the parallel connection of the battery units is easier to achieve.
  • the parallel design can avoid the short board effect caused by setting multiple battery cells, so that the battery capacity of the first battery cell and the second battery cell can be flexibly planned.
  • the capacities of the first battery cell and the second battery cell are the same or different, the first battery cell and the second battery cell can both achieve higher utilization rates, thereby improving the user experience.
  • the manner in which the first battery unit and the second battery unit power the terminal includes one or more of the following three power supply modes: the first battery unit independently powers the terminal, the second battery unit independently powers the terminal, the first battery unit and the second battery unit jointly power the terminal, etc.
  • the first battery cell and the second battery cell have different capacities.
  • the capacity of the second battery unit is greater than that of the first battery unit.
  • a small-capacity battery is fixedly installed in the terminal to meet the needs of short mileage. When a long mileage is required, a large-capacity battery can be replaced to improve the mileage, thereby further reducing the cost of the initial purchase of the terminal.
  • the present application can realize that batteries of different capacities can be used together to power the terminal. The power supply is improved, which improves the user experience.
  • the first battery unit and the second battery unit may have the same capacity. Batteries with the same capacity are more convenient for battery storage space, easier to achieve common charging and common discharging, and simplify the design difficulty.
  • the center of gravity of the first battery unit and the center of gravity of the second battery unit are located on the same straight line perpendicular to the bottom surface direction of the terminal.
  • the first battery unit and the second battery unit are arranged in a columnar manner along a direction perpendicular to the bottom surface of the terminal.
  • the second battery cell is installed on top of the first battery cell, or the second battery cell is installed below the first battery cell.
  • first battery cell and the second battery cell are arranged in a tower shape in a direction perpendicular to the bottom surface of the terminal, and the center of gravity of the first battery cell and the center of gravity of the second battery cell are located on the same straight line perpendicular to the bottom surface of the terminal.
  • the accommodation space formed by the accommodation cavity is larger than the space occupied by the first battery unit, thereby facilitating the installation of a second battery unit with a large capacity.
  • the terminal further includes a DC converter, and the DC converter is used to adjust the voltage of the first battery unit and/or adjust the voltage of the second battery unit.
  • the DC converter is used to ensure that the supply voltage of the first battery unit is the same as the supply voltage of the second battery unit.
  • the DC converter is included in the first battery unit.
  • the DC converter is included in the second battery unit.
  • the DC converter is located outside the first battery unit and the second battery unit.
  • the terminal further includes a battery management control unit BCU, and the second battery unit includes a second BMU.
  • the second BMU is used to collect battery data of the second battery unit and report it to the BCU, and the BCU is used to form a control instruction according to the battery data of the second battery unit.
  • the communication mode between the BCU and the second BMU includes a wired communication mode and/or a wireless communication mode.
  • the first battery unit includes a first BMU
  • the topology among the BCU, the first BMU, and the second BMU includes one of a direct communication topology, a relay communication topology, and a ring communication topology.
  • the direct communication topology includes a BCU, a connection device, and a second BMU.
  • the relay communication topology includes a BCU, a first BMU, a second BMU, and a connection device.
  • the ring communication topology includes a BCU, a first BMU, a second BMU, and a connection device.
  • the terminal can be a smart terminal or means of transportation such as a vehicle, a drone, or a robot.
  • the terminal can also be replaced by industrial equipment, entertainment and leisure equipment, etc.
  • Smart terminals such as mobile phones, tablets, laptops, smart bracelets, smart watches, or smart glasses.
  • Transportation tools such as vehicles, ships, aircraft, or logistics robots.
  • Industrial equipment such as industrial robots and robotic arms.
  • Leisure and entertainment equipment such as virtual reality (VR) equipment, mixed reality (MR) equipment, massage chairs, or 4D cinema cabins. This application does not impose strict restrictions on the devices to which the electrical connector can be applied.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a terminal provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another terminal provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another terminal provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG4A is a schematic diagram of three communication topologies provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG4B is a schematic diagram of communication between a BCU and a first BMU provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG4C is a schematic diagram of communication between another BCU and a first BMU provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of another terminal provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of a battery system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG7 is a schematic diagram of another arrangement of a battery system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of a battery system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG10 is a schematic structural diagram of another battery system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG11 is a schematic structural diagram of another battery system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG12 is a schematic diagram of three communication topologies provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of three communication topologies provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a terminal provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the terminal 10 includes a first battery unit 101 and a connecting device 1011 . Among them:
  • the first battery unit 101 is fixedly installed in the terminal, and is used to power the terminal 10.
  • Fixed installation means that the first battery unit 101 cannot be removed from the terminal 10 under normal circumstances, and the normal situation here refers to daily use, battery replacement, charging and other scenarios.
  • the first battery unit 101 is fixed in the terminal 10 when it leaves the factory, and can only be replaced by professional maintenance personnel.
  • some embodiments of the present application also involve detachable installation, which is the opposite of fixed installation.
  • the battery assembled in a detachable installation form can be installed and removed under normal circumstances.
  • the detachable installation can be installed and removed by mechanical locking, mechanical snap-on, magnetic suction, etc.
  • connection device 1011 is used to realize the electrical connection between the second battery unit 102 and the terminal 10 and/or the first battery unit 101. It should be noted that the connection device 1011 is used to connect the second battery unit, but at a certain moment, the second battery unit 102 may be installed in the terminal 10 or may not be installed in the terminal 10. When the second battery unit 102 is not installed in the terminal 10, the terminal 10 can also be powered by the first battery unit 101.
  • the connecting device 1011 includes an electrical transmission interface for forming a current loop between the second battery unit 102 and the terminal 10 (or the first battery unit 101 ).
  • connection device 1011 may also be referred to as a connector, an electrical connector, or a power-changing connector, etc.
  • the connection device 1011 may be a male end (or plug) or a female end (or socket) of an electrical connector.
  • the connecting device also includes a wired communication interface and/or a wireless communication module.
  • the wired communication interface is used to establish a wired communication connection
  • the wireless communication module is used to establish a wireless communication connection.
  • the connecting device includes a wired communication interface and a wireless communication module, which supports the transmission of power supply data between the power supply device and the device to be powered by wired and wireless methods, which is equivalent to double insurance during the transmission process. That is: when one communication method fails or is inefficient, another communication method can also be used to realize the transmission of power supply data, thereby improving the reliability and stability of communication.
  • connection device 1011 is disposed in the first battery unit, and the connection device 1011 is used to couple with the second battery unit to achieve electrical connection between the first battery unit and the second battery unit.
  • the terminal includes a mounting device, and the mounting device is used to detachably mount the second battery unit.
  • the mounting device may include a locking device, a fixing device, a movable connector, etc.
  • FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of another terminal provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the locking structure 103 can realize locking (or fixing) and unlocking of the second battery unit 102, so as to detachably mount the second battery unit 102 to the second battery unit.
  • the connection of the second battery unit is achieved through a connecting device, and the installation of the second battery unit is achieved through an installation device.
  • the terminal can provide a receiving cavity for the second battery unit, and the second battery unit can be accommodated in the cavity.
  • the terminal also includes a receiving cavity, which is used to install the second battery unit.
  • the receiving cavity is a receiving space formed by the vehicle body and the cover plate, and the second battery unit can be installed in the receiving space.
  • the receiving space formed by the receiving cavity can accommodate the entire volume of the second battery unit. Or, optionally, it can accommodate a portion of the volume of the second battery unit, for example, a portion of the structure of the second battery unit is accommodated in the receiving space, and a portion of the structure may exceed the receiving space.
  • the receiving cavity is used to install a second battery unit in the direction perpendicular to the bottom surface of the terminal along the first battery unit.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of another terminal provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the receiving space formed by the receiving cavity 104 has a positional relationship with the first battery unit: the two are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the bottom surface of the terminal.
  • the second battery unit 102 and the first battery unit 101 are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the bottom surface of the terminal.
  • the receiving space occupied by the second battery unit does not need to be supplemented with a counterweight, which reduces the energy consumption of the terminal, increases the speed-up efficiency, and improves the user experience.
  • Battery safety is a key component of terminal safety, so the terminal needs to monitor and manage the battery's charge state and health status.
  • accurate monitoring of each battery cell and the entire battery pack parameters is essential to ensure maximum available capacity and safe and reliable operation.
  • the overall service life of the battery can be extended and the cost of ownership can be reduced.
  • the terminal can manage the battery through a battery management system (BMS).
  • the battery management system includes a battery management main control board (BCU) and a battery management slave control board (BMU) set in the battery unit.
  • the terminal 10 may include a BCU, and the first battery unit 101 may also include a BMU (hereinafter referred to as the first BMU for easy distinction).
  • the BCU is a device for performing calculations and issuing control instructions, and has computing capabilities.
  • the BMU is a device for reporting data, and can also perform operations according to the instructions of the BCU.
  • the first BMU is used to collect battery data and report it to the BCU, and the BCU is used to form control instructions based on the battery data.
  • the battery data here includes the battery data of the first battery unit, and optionally also includes the data of the connection device 1011 passing through the first battery unit, or the data of the line passing through the first battery unit.
  • the battery data may include one or more of the power supply connection parameters, battery status parameters, diagnostic results, or alarm signals.
  • the power supply connection parameters refer to parameters related to the power supply connection, such as one or more of the following signals: battery management system (BMS)_12V+, BMS_12V-, auxiliary power negative A-, BMS wake-up signal, BMS debugging high signal, BMS debugging low signal, electronic control unit communication, reserved signal, etc.
  • the battery status parameters may include the status parameters inside the battery, the status parameters outside the battery, etc. Among them, the status parameters Including but not limited to one or more of temperature, humidity, air pressure, gas concentration, gas type, voltage, current, stress, internal resistance, electrolyte signal, etc.
  • the diagnostic result refers to the result obtained by diagnosing the power connection parameters, battery status parameters, etc., for example, the data may be normal, too large, too small, wrong, or missing.
  • the alarm signal is an indication signal reporting possible danger when the power connection parameters, battery status parameters, and diagnostic results meet certain conditions. For example, when the diagnostic result is abnormal such as too large, too small, wrong, missing, etc., an alarm signal is triggered.
  • the number of BMUs included in the first BMU may be one or more.
  • the functions and scopes of the multiple BMUs may be the same or different.
  • the first battery unit may include multiple batteries, and one BMU may be used to collect battery data of one or more batteries.
  • the BCU and the first BMU have communication capabilities, and the communication method between the BCU and the first BMU includes a wired communication method and/or a wireless communication method.
  • the BCU and the first BMU communicate via wired communication.
  • the topology between the BCU and the first BMU includes one of the following topologies: direct communication topology, relay communication topology, and ring communication topology.
  • the direct communication topology can also be called a centralized communication topology
  • the relay communication topology can also be called a chain communication topology, a daisy chain communication topology, etc.
  • FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram of three communication topologies provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the direct communication topology includes BCU105 and the first BMU1012, the first BMU1012 is connected to BCU105, and the first BMU1012 and BCU105 can communicate through the link "first BMU1012-BCU105".
  • the link "first BMU1012-BCU105" in FIG. 4A is directly connected, in actual process it may pass through other interfaces, communication devices or other connection devices (but not through the connection device 1011).
  • the relay communication topology includes BCU 105, the first BMU 1012 and the connection device 1011.
  • the first BMU 1012 and BCU 105 can communicate through the link of "first BMU 1012-connection device 1011-BCU 105".
  • the connection device 1011 includes a wired communication module, which is used to connect BCU 105 and the first BMU 1012 and communicate.
  • the ring communication topology includes BCU 105, the first BMU 1012 and the connection device 1011. Among them, BCU 105, the first BMU 1012 and the connection device 1011 are connected in pairs to form a ring.
  • the ring communication topology can achieve communication redundancy.
  • the first BMU 1012 and BCU 105 can communicate through the direct link of "first BMU-BCU” or through the link of "first BMU-connection device-BCU". Therefore, the ring communication topology can achieve communication redundancy, share the pressure of a single line, and use another line for communication when one line fails, thereby improving the stability and safety of the battery system.
  • the BCU and the first BMU communicate via wireless communication.
  • the topology between the BCU and the first BMU includes one of the following topologies: direct communication topology, relay communication topology, and ring communication topology.
  • the topology of the wireless link can refer to the topology of the wired link shown in FIG4A, which will not be described here.
  • the BCU 105 may be disposed in the first battery unit 101, that is, the first battery unit 101 includes the BCU 105.
  • the management of the battery system may be concentrated on the first battery unit, thereby improving the integration of components and the reliability of the terminal.
  • the BCU may also be disposed outside the first battery unit 101, as shown in FIG4A .
  • the multiple BMUs can also communicate with each other.
  • the multiple BMUs do not communicate with each other, but directly communicate with the BCU.
  • FIG. 4B is a schematic diagram of communication between a BCU and a first BMU provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the first BMU includes a plurality of BMUs, with the plurality of BMUs being BMU1021a, BMU1021b, BMU1021c, BMU1021d, BMU manages several batteries in the first battery unit respectively, where the battery can be a battery cell or a battery pack.
  • FIG4B takes each BMU managing two batteries as an example, that is, one BMU can collect data from two batteries in the first battery unit.
  • multiple BMUs can be connected to the BCU105 in communication, but the BMUs do not communicate with each other.
  • one or more of the multiple BMUs can be connected to the connection device 1011 in communication (as shown by the dotted double arrows in FIG. 4B ), including being connected in a wired and/or wireless communication manner.
  • the connection device 1011 can be connected to the BCU105 in communication (as shown by the dotted double arrows in FIG. 4B ), including being connected in a wired and/or wireless communication manner.
  • FIG. 4C is a schematic diagram of communication between another BCU and the first BMU provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • multiple BMUs are communicatively connected to BCU105, and BMUs can also be communicatively connected.
  • one or more of the multiple BMUs can be communicatively connected to the connecting device 1011 (as shown by the dotted double arrows in Figure 4C), including being connected in a wired and/or wireless communication manner.
  • the connecting device 1011 can be communicatively connected to the BCU105 (as shown by the dotted double arrows in Figure 4C), including being connected in a wired and/or wireless communication manner.
  • the second unit can be installed or removed from the terminal.
  • the second battery unit is installed in the terminal to power the terminal.
  • the power supply here can be direct power supply or indirect power supply.
  • the second battery unit can be connected to a circuit in the terminal.
  • the second battery unit can be used to charge the first battery unit, and the first battery unit powers the terminal.
  • the terminal further includes a second battery unit, and the second battery unit is used to power the terminal.
  • the first battery unit and the second battery unit power the terminal in one or more of the following three power supply modes: the first battery unit independently powers the terminal, the second battery unit independently powers the terminal, the first battery unit and the second battery unit jointly power the terminal, etc.
  • the second battery unit when the first unit independently supplies power to the terminal, the second battery unit does not supply power to the terminal, for example, the power supply line of the second battery unit is in an open circuit state. Similarly, when the second unit independently supplies power to the terminal, the first battery unit does not supply power to the terminal.
  • the second battery cell may include a connecting device, which is used to couple with the connecting device in the first battery cell (or terminal).
  • the male end (or plug) of the electrical connector is connected to the first battery cell
  • the female end (or socket) of the electrical connector is connected to the second battery cell.
  • the male end of the electrical connector and the female end of the electrical connector can be coupled to each other.
  • the female end (or socket) of the electrical connector is connected to the first battery cell, and the female male end (or plug) of the electrical connector is connected to the second battery cell.
  • the male end of the electrical connector and the female end of the electrical connector can be coupled to each other.
  • the second battery unit may include one or more batteries.
  • the battery here may also be replaced by a battery pack, a battery group, and the like.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of another terminal provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the second battery unit 102 may include multiple batteries, such as a battery 102a and a battery 102b. Multiple batteries are also interconnected through a connecting device, the connecting device 1021 in the battery 102a is connected to the connecting device 1011, and the connecting device 1022 in the battery 102a is connected to the connecting device 1023 in the battery 102b.
  • This type of connection through a connecting device provided on the battery unit can be easily expanded on the one hand to achieve a combination connection between more battery units, and on the other hand, the connectors, connecting lines, etc. are concentrated in the battery unit part, which is easy to manage safely and improve the reliability of the terminal.
  • the first battery unit and the second battery unit are connected in parallel. If the first battery unit and the second battery unit are connected in series, if the capacities of the batteries connected in series are different, it is easy to cause problems such as one battery unit not being fully charged or the discharge amount not being even, thus forming a short board effect. Parallel connection can avoid the short board effect, improve the utilization rate of the battery unit, and improve the service quality of the terminal.
  • the second battery unit includes a plurality of batteries
  • the plurality of batteries may also be connected in parallel.
  • both the first battery cells and the second battery cells can achieve higher utilization rates, thereby increasing the flexibility of battery capacity design and improving the user experience.
  • the capacity of the first battery unit and the second battery unit is different.
  • the capacity of the second battery unit is greater than that of the first battery unit.
  • a small-capacity battery is fixedly installed in the terminal to meet the needs of short mileage. When a long mileage is required, a large-capacity battery can be replaced to improve the battery life, thereby further reducing the cost of the initial purchase of the terminal.
  • the present application can realize that batteries of different capacities can jointly power the terminal, thereby improving the user experience.
  • the first battery unit and the second battery unit may have the same capacity. Batteries with the same capacity are more convenient for battery storage space, easier to achieve common charging and common discharging, and simplify the design difficulty.
  • the first battery unit and the second battery unit are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the bottom surface of the terminal.
  • the second battery unit and the first battery unit are coupled in a vertical manner, and this arrangement does not require adding a counterweight to fill the gap of the second battery unit.
  • the first battery unit and the second battery unit are arranged in a columnar manner in a direction perpendicular to the bottom surface of the terminal.
  • the bottom surface of the terminal refers to the side of the terminal that is close to the ground under normal circumstances.
  • the bottom surface of the vehicle may refer to the surface where the chassis of the vehicle is located.
  • the vertical here refers to relative verticality, and there may be deviations during installation due to errors, manufacturing accuracy, vibration, etc.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of a battery system provided by the embodiment.
  • the second battery unit 102 and the first battery unit 101 are arranged along the z-axis direction, wherein the x-y plane is the bottom surface of the terminal.
  • the posture, position sequence, etc. of the second battery unit 102 and the first battery unit 101 are only examples, and the specific implementation process may have other designs, which are not strictly limited in this application.
  • the first battery unit and the second battery unit are arranged in a tower shape, for example, in a tower shape along a direction perpendicular to the bottom surface of the terminal.
  • FIG 7 is a schematic diagram of another arrangement of a battery system provided by the embodiment itself.
  • the second battery unit 102 and the first battery unit 101 are arranged along the z-axis direction, and the x-y plane is the bottom surface of the terminal.
  • the cross-sectional area of the second battery unit 102 in the z-axis direction can be greater than the cross-sectional area of the first battery unit 101 in the z-axis direction.
  • the receiving space formed by the receiving cavity 104 is larger than the space occupied by the first battery unit 101, thereby facilitating the installation of a large-capacity second battery unit 102.
  • the center of gravity 701 of the first battery unit 101 and the center of gravity 702 of the second battery unit 102 are located on the same straight line perpendicular to the bottom surface direction of the terminal, that is, on a straight line parallel to the z-axis, as shown in FIG. 7 .
  • the second battery unit may include multiple batteries.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of a battery system provided in the embodiment itself, and the second battery unit 102 includes a battery 102a and a battery 102b, and the battery 102a and the battery 102b are arranged in a manner parallel to the bottom surface of the terminal, and the whole formed by the two is arranged in a manner perpendicular to the bottom surface of the terminal with the first battery unit 101.
  • the terminal further includes a DC converter, and the DC converter (Direct Current/Direct Current, DCDC) is used to adjust the voltage of the first battery cell and/or adjust the voltage of the second battery cell.
  • DC converter Direct Current/Direct Current, DCDC
  • the DC converter is used to realize that the supply voltage of the first battery unit is the same as the supply voltage of the second battery unit. This solution can solve the circulation problem caused by the inconsistent voltage of the first battery unit and the second battery unit, and improve the reliability of the terminal.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the voltage of the first battery unit 101 is V1
  • the voltage of the second battery unit 102 is V2.
  • the DC converter can adjust the voltage of the first battery unit 101, for example, adjusts it to V2, so that the supply voltage of the first battery unit is the same as the supply voltage of the second battery unit.
  • FIG 10 is a structural diagram of another battery system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the voltage of the first battery cell 101 is V1
  • the voltage of the second battery cell 102 is V2.
  • the DC converter can adjust the voltage of the second battery cell 102, for example, adjust it to V1, so that the power supply voltage of the first battery cell is the same as the power supply voltage of the second battery cell.
  • the DC converter can be located in the second battery cell 102.
  • the terminal does not need to purchase DCDC when purchasing, and the purchase cost is low, which is suitable for users who have more needs for short-distance travel and less needs for long-range travel.
  • the DC converter is included in the first battery unit, or the DC converter is located outside the first battery unit and the second battery unit. In this way, when the second battery unit needs to be installed to increase the battery life, the cost of the extended range is low, which is suitable for users who travel long distances.
  • the terminal may not include a DCDC.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another battery system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the second battery unit 102 can charge the first battery unit 101. In this mode, since the DCDC module is avoided, the overall solution cost is the lowest.
  • the following introduces a battery management solution of the terminal for the battery system including the second battery unit.
  • the terminal further includes a battery management control board BCU, and the second battery unit includes a second BMU.
  • the second BMU is used to collect battery data of the second battery unit and report it to the BCU, and the BCU is used to form a control instruction according to the battery data of the second battery unit.
  • the communication method between the BCU and the second BMU includes a wired communication method and/or a wireless communication method.
  • the topology between the BCU, the first BMU and the second BMU includes one of the following topologies: direct communication topology, relay communication topology and ring communication topology.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of three communication topologies provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the first BMU1012 and BCU105 can communicate through the link "first BMU1012-BCU105", and the first BMU1012 is connected to BCU105.
  • the second BMU1023 and BCU105 can communicate through the link "second BMU1023-connection device 1021-connection device 1011-BCU105".
  • the connection device 1011 has a wired communication interface, which can support the battery system for battery replacement to communicate with the terminal or the first battery unit.
  • the first BMU 1012 and the BCU 105 can communicate through the link “first BMU 1012-BCU 105”.
  • the second BMU 1023 and the BCU 105 can communicate through the link “second BMU 1023-connection device 1021-connection device 1011-first BMU 1012-BCU 105”.
  • the first BMU 1012 can serve as a relay node to connect the second BMU 1023 and the BCU 105.
  • the first BMU 1012 and the BCU 105 may communicate via the link of "first BMU 1012 - connection device 1011 - BCU 105".
  • the second BMU 1023 and the BCU 105 may communicate via the link of "second BMU 1023 - connection device 1021 - connection device 1011 - BCU 105".
  • the first BMU1012 and BCU105 can communicate through the direct link of "first BMU1012-BCU105", or through the link of "first BMU1012-connection device 1011-BCU105".
  • the second BMU1023 and BCU105 can communicate through the link of "second BMU1023-connection device 1021-connection device 1011-first BMU1012-BCU105", or through the link of "second BMU1023-connection device 1021-connection device 1011-BCU105".
  • the ring communication topology can achieve communication redundancy, share the pressure of a single line, and use another line for communication when one line fails. Improve the stability and safety of the battery system.
  • the BCU and the second BMU communicate with each other by wireless communication.
  • the topology between the BCU, the first BMU and the second BMU includes one of the following topologies: direct communication topology, relay communication topology and ring communication topology.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of three communication topologies provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the first BMU 1012 and the BCU 105 can establish a wireless connection and communicate through the link "first BMU 1012-BCU 105".
  • the second BMU 1023 and the BCU 105 can establish a wireless communication connection and communicate through the link "second BMU 1023-BCU 105".
  • the first BMU 1012 and the BCU 105 can establish a wireless connection and communicate through the link “first BMU 1012-BCU 105”.
  • the second BMU 1023 and the first BMU 1012 can establish a wireless communication connection and communicate through the link “second BMU 1023-first BMU 1012”.
  • the first BMU 1012 can forward data to achieve data transmission between the second BMU 1023 and the BCU 105.
  • the first BMU 1012 can serve as a relay node to connect the second BMU 1023 and the BCU 105.
  • the first BMU 1012, BCU 105 and the second BMU 1023 are connected in pairs, achieving communication redundancy and being able to share the pressure of a single line.
  • one line fails, another line can be used for communication, thereby improving the stability and safety of the battery system.
  • the BCU 105 may be disposed in the first battery unit 101 .
  • management of the battery system may be concentrated on the first battery unit, thereby improving component integration and terminal reliability.
  • the BCU can also be arranged outside the first battery unit 101, which is not illustrated here one by one.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a multi-battery system, which includes a first battery unit and a second battery unit, and the first battery unit and the second battery unit are used to power a terminal.
  • the first battery unit is fixedly installed in the terminal, and the second battery unit is detachably installed in the terminal.
  • the first battery unit includes a first connecting device, and the second battery unit includes a second connecting device. The first connecting device and the second connecting device can be coupled to realize electrical connection between the first battery unit and the second battery unit.
  • the first battery unit and the second battery unit are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the bottom surface of the terminal.
  • the design of the first battery unit and the second battery unit can refer to the design in the above embodiment.
  • the terminal can be a smart terminal or means of transportation such as a vehicle, a drone, a robot, etc.
  • the terminal can also be replaced by industrial equipment, entertainment and leisure equipment, etc.
  • Smart terminals such as mobile phones, tablets, laptops, smart bracelets, smart watches, or smart glasses.
  • Transportation tools such as vehicles, ships, aircraft, or logistics robots.
  • Industrial equipment such as industrial robots, robotic arms, etc.
  • Leisure and entertainment equipment such as virtual reality (VR) equipment, mixed reality (MR) equipment, massage chairs, or 4D cinema cabins, etc. This application does not impose strict restrictions on the equipment used for electrical connectors.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, a conflicting connection or an integral connection.
  • connection can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, a conflicting connection or an integral connection.
  • the words “exemplary” or “for example” are used to indicate examples, illustrations or descriptions. Any embodiment or design described as “exemplary” or “for example” in the present application should not be interpreted as being more preferred or more advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of words such as “exemplary” or “for example” is intended to present related concepts in a specific way.
  • At least one refers to one or more, and “plurality” refers to two or more.
  • At least one of the following” or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of single items or plural items.
  • at least one of a, b, or c can be represented by: a, b, c, (a and b), (a and c), (b and c), or (a and b and c), where a, b, c can be single or multiple.
  • “And/or” describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist.
  • a and/or B can be represented by: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone, where A and B can be singular or plural.
  • the character "/" generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or” relationship.
  • first and second used in the embodiments of the present application are used to distinguish multiple objects, and are not used to limit the order, timing, priority or importance of multiple objects.
  • first BMU and the second BMU are only used to facilitate the description of the BMUs in the battery unit, and do not indicate the difference in structure, importance, etc. between the first BMU and the second BMU.

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Abstract

一种终端（10），应用于新能源终端技术领域，包括第一电池单元（101）和连接装置（1011），第一电池单元（101）固定安装在终端（10）中以为终端（10）供电。连接装置（1011）设置在第一电池单元（101）中，用于与第二电池单元（102）耦合以实现第一电池单元（101）和第二电池单元（102）的电连接。终端（10）包含安装装置，安装装置用于可拆卸地安装第二电池单元（102）。

Description

一种终端 技术领域
本申请涉及新能源终端技术领域，尤其涉及一种终端。
背景技术
随着终端的普及和新能源技术的发展，越来越多的终端使用电池来供能，这些终端可以称为新能源车终端。以电动车、混动车为例，其可以使用电池来提供动力，降低车辆的使用成本。
但是，续航里程短仍然是影响新能源终端推广的最大问题。以车辆为例，通过给车辆装配大容量电池，可以提升其续航。但是，大容量电池的装备费用通常较高，使得购车成本增加，而且大容量电池使得车辆的重量增加，电耗变高，对于日常只需要短途出行的用户不友好。
如何实现终端的续航里程的优化，是本领域技术人员正在研究的热点问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种终端，能够在不显著增加终端的购买成本的前提下，提升终端的续航里程的灵活性，提升用户使用体验。
本申请实施例提供一种终端，包括第一电池单元和连接装置，所述第一电池单元固定安装在所述终端中，所述第一电池单元用于为所述终端供电，所述连接装置设置在所述第一电池单元中，所述连接装置用于与第二电池单元耦合以实现第一电池单元和所述第二电池单元的电连接。
本申请实施例中，终端包含固定安装的第一电池单元和设置在第一电池单元上的连接装置。一方面，在需要长续航里程时，用户可以将第二电池单元通过连接装置连接到第一电池单元，提升终端的电池容量，增加续航里程。另一方面，在需求短续航里程时，第二电池单元可以不安装在终端上，可以降低终端的总重，从而降低终端功耗、提升变速效率，提升用户的使用体验。而且，在购置终端时也可以不立刻随终端购置第二电池单元，降低了终端的购买成本，提升了终端的装配灵活性。
而且，连接装置通常具有高压接口，若在终端中分散设置多个连接装置，既可能形成多处安全隐患且在损坏后更换成本较高。而本申请的连接装置设置在第一电池单元中，一方面可以使得电传输相关的接口、线路等集中在第一电池单元附近，便于集中管理；另一方面，在连接装置损坏时，第一电池单元可以单独进行维修，从而无需维修整个终端，提升了终端的可靠性。
总之，本方案可以在不显著增加终端的购买成本的前提下，提升终端的续航里程的灵活性，使得用户可以根据自身对于续航的需求来灵活装卸第二电池单元，提升使用体验。
可选的，连接装置可以为电连接器。进一步的，连接装置可以包含电传输接口、有线通信接口和无线通信模块。其中，电传输接口，也称为高压接口，用于进行供电传输，能够用于在第二电池单元和终端(或第一电池单元)之间形成电流回路。示例性地，电传输接口包含正极接口和负极接口。一些场景中，电传输接口也称为高压接口，其电流和电压通常设置 的比较高。例如，电传输接口的额定电压可以为200V～2000V，其额定电流可以为10A～1000A。
有线通信连接可以传输有线信号。一些场景中，有线通信接口也称为低压接口，其电流和电压通常设置的比较低。例如，有线通信接口的额定电压可以为5V～60V，其额定电流可以为1A～20A。有线通信接口中可以包含一个或者多个接口。示例性地，有线通信接口包含定位接口、接地接口、或均衡接口等中的一项或者多项。示例性地，定位接口用于针脚定位。接地接口用于保护接地，提升安全性。当然，以上三种接口用于示例性地说明有线通信接口的功能，具体实施过程中有线通信接口可以包含更多或者更少的接口，接口的作用也可能有其他设计，此处不再一一说明。
无线通信模块用于建立无线通信连接。无线通信连接可以传输无线信号。示例性地，无线通信模块中所实现的无线通信技术，可以包含以下一种或者多种无线通信技术：星闪(SparkLink)、802.11b/g、蓝牙(blue tooth)、紫蜂(Zigbee)、无线射频识别技术(radio frequency identification，RFID)、超宽带(ultra-wideband，UWB)技术、长期演进(Long Term Evolution，长期演进)的通信技术、第五代移动通信技术(5th generation mobile networks或5th generation wireless systems、5th-Generation，简称5G或5G技术)、全球移动通信系统(global System for mobile communications，GSM)、通用分组无线业务(general packet radio Service，GPRS)、或通用移动通信系统(universal mobile telecommunications system，UMTS)等。
一些方案中，连接装置包含有线通信接口和无线通信模块，支持通过有线和无线的方式来实现供电设备和待供电设备之间的供电数据传输，相当于在传输过程中存在双重保险。即：在一种通信方式故障或低效时，也可以使用另一种通信方式来实现供电数据的传输，提升通信的可靠性和稳定性。
在一种可能的实施方式中，终端包含安装装置，所述安装装置用于可拆卸地安装所述第二电池单元。例如，终端包含锁止/解锁结构。安装装置可以将第二电池单元可拆卸地安装在终端中，提升了终端的稳定性和可靠性。
在又一种可能的实施方式中，终端还包含收容腔，该收容腔用于安装第二电池单元，提升第二电池单元和终端的使用寿命。可选的，收容腔所形成的收容空间可以容纳第二电池单元的全部体积，或者，容纳第二点电池单元的部分体积。
在又一种可能的实施方式中，收容腔用于在第一电池单元的、沿垂直于所述终端的底面的方向上安装第二电池单元。换句话说，收容腔所形成的收容空间，与第一电池单元的位置关系为：二者沿垂直于终端的底面的方向上排列。
这种实施方式中，在拆下和安装第二电池单元的情况下，终端在水平方向上(即底面的方向上)重心的偏移比较小。如此，在卸下第二电池单元的情况下，第二电池单元所占的收容空间可以无需补齐配重，降低了终端的耗能，使得提速效率增加，提升了用户的使用体验。
在又一种可能的实施方式中，终端还包含电池管理主控板(battery control unit，BCU)，第一电池单元包含电池管理从控板(battery monitor unit，BMU)，便于区分将第一电池单元中的BMU称为第一BMU。其中，BCU是用于进行计算和下达控制指令的装置，具有计算能力。BCU可以设置于第一电池单元中(即第一电池单元包含该BCU)，也可以设置在第一电池单元之外。BMU是用于进行数据上报的装置，还可以根据BCU的指令执行操作。
示例性的，BMU用于采集电池数据并上报给BCU，BCU用于根据电池数据形成控制指令。需要说明的是，本申请对于第一BMU所包含的BMU的数量不限制。在第一BMU包含多个BMU的情况下，多个BMU的功能和作用范围可以相同或者不同。例如，第一电池单元可以包含多个电池，一个BMU可以用于采集一个或者多个电池的电池数据。
可选的，BCU和第一BMU具有通信能力，BCU和所述第一BMU之间的通信方式包含有线通信方式和/或无线通信方式。
在又一种可能的实施方式中，在BCU和第一BMU通过有线通信方式进行通信的情况下，BCU和第一BMU之间的拓扑包含以下拓扑结构中的一种：直接通信拓扑、接力通信拓扑和环形通信拓扑等。
其中，直接通信拓扑包含BCU和第一BMU，例如，第一BMU直接连接到BCU上。
接力通信拓扑包含BCU、第一BMU和连接装置，第一BMU和BCU之间可以通过“第一BMU-连接装置-BCU”这一链路进行通信。
环形通信拓扑包含BCU、第一BMU和连接装置，例如，BCU、第一BMU和连接装置之间两两连接，从而形成环形通信拓扑。环形通信拓扑可以实现通信冗余，第一BMU和BCU之间可以通过“第一BMU-BCU”这一直连链路进行通信，也可以通过“第一BMU-连接装置-BCU”这一链路进行通信。因此，环形通信拓扑可以实现通信冗余，能够分担单线的压力，在一条线路故障时还可以使用另一条线路进行通信，提升电池系统的稳定性和安全性。
在又一种可能的实施方式中，电池数据包含供电连接参数、电池状态参数、诊断结果、或报警信号中的一项或者多项。
其中，供电连接参数是指与供电连接相关的参数，例如以下信号中的一种或者多种信号：电池管理系统(battery management system，BMS)_12V+、BMS_12V-、辅助电源负A-、BMS唤醒信号、BMS调试高信号、BMS调试低信号、电子控制单元通信、预留信号等。
电池状态参数可以包含电池内部的状态参数、电池外部的状态参数等。其中，状态参数包含但不限于是温度、湿度、气压、气体浓度、气体种类、电压、电流、应力、内阻、电解液信号等中的一项或者多项。
诊断结果是指针对供电连接参数、电池状态参数等进行诊断所得到的结果，例如可以是数据正常、过大、过小、错误、或缺失等。
报警信号是当供电连接参数、电池状态参数、诊断结果满足某一条件时，向管理员或者用户告知可能存在危险的指示信号。例如在诊断结果为过大、过小、错误、缺失等异常状态时，触发报警信号。
在又一种可能的实施方式中，终端还包括第二电池单元，第二电池单元用于为终端供电。
在又一种可能的实施方式中，第一电池单元和第二电池单元并联连接。并联连接可以解决电池单元的环流问题，而且，将连接装置设置在第一电池单元上，使得电池单元的并联更易于实现。
可选的，并联设计可以规避设置多个电池单元的情况下产生的短板效应，从而可以灵活规划第一电池单元和第二电池单元的电池容量。在第一电池单元和第二电池单元的容量相同或者不同的情况下，第一电池单元和第二电池单元均可以得到较高的利用率，提升用户的使用体验。
在又一种可能的实施方式中，第一电池单元和第二电池单元为终端供电的方式包含以下三种供电方式中的一种或多种：第一电池单元独立为终端供电、第二电池单元独立为所述终端供电、第一电池单元和所述第二电池单元联合为终端供电等。
在又一种可能的实施方式中，第一电池单元和第二电池单元的容量不同。
可选的，第二电池单元的容量大于第一电池单元。一方面，终端中固定安装一个小容量的电池以满足短里程的需求，在需要长续航里程时，可以换上大容量的电池提升续航，从而进一步降低初次购置终端的成本。另一方面，本申请可以实现不同容量的电池共同为终端进 行供电，提升了使用体验。
在又一种可能的实施方式中，第一电池单元和第二电池单元的容量可以相同。容量相同的电池更易于电池存放空间，更易于实现共同充电和共同放电，简化设计难度。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述第一电池单元的重心和所述第二电池单元的重心位于垂直于所述终端的底面方向的同一直线上。
在又一种可能的实施方式中，第一电池单元与所述第二电池单元沿垂直于所述终端的底面的方向呈柱状方式排列。
示例性的，第二电池单元的安装位置是叠在第一电池单元的上方的位置，或者，第二电池单元安装垫在第一电池单元的下方。
在又一种可能的实施方式中，第一电池单元和所述第二电池单元沿垂直于所述终端的底面的方向呈塔状排列，且所述第一电池单元的重心和所述第二电池单元的重心位于垂直于所述终端的底面方向的同一直线上。
例如，收容腔所形成的收容空间大于第一电池单元所占的空间，从而便于安装大容量的第二电池单元。
在又一种可能的实施方式中，终端还包含直流变换器，直流变换器用于调节第一电池单元的电压和/或调节第二电池单元的电压。
进一步的，直流变换器用于实现第一电池单元的供电电压和所述第二电池单元的供电电压相同。
可选的，直流变换器包含于第一电池单元。或者，直流变换器包含于第二电池单元。或者，直流变换器位于第一电池单元和第二电池单元之外。
在又一种可能的实施方式中，终端还包含电池管理主控板BCU，第二电池单元包含第二BMU。可选的，第二BMU用于采集第二电池单元的电池数据并上报给BCU，BCU用于根据第二电池单元的电池数据形成控制指令。
在又一种可能的实施方式中，BCU和第二BMU之间的通信方式包含有线通信方式和/或无线通信方式。
在又一种可能的实施方式中，第一电池单元包含第一BMU，BCU、第一BMU和第二BMU之间的拓扑包含直接通信拓扑、接力通信拓扑和环形通信拓扑中的一种。
可选的，直接通信拓扑包含BCU、连接装置和第二BMU。接力通信拓扑包含BCU、第一BMU、第二BMU和连接装置。环形通信拓扑包含BCU、第一BMU、第二BMU和连接装置。
可选的，终端可以为车辆、无人机、机器人等智能终端或运输工具。当然，终端也可以替换为工业设备、娱乐休闲设备等。智能终端例如手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、智能手环、智能手表、或智能眼镜等。交通工具例如车辆、舰船、飞行器、或物流机器人等。工业设备例如工业机器人、机械臂等。休闲娱乐设备例如虚拟现实(virtual reality，VR)设备、混合现实(mixed reality，MR)设备、按摩椅、或4D影院座舱等。本申请对于电连接器可以应用的设备不做严格限制。
附图说明
下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单的介绍。
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种终端的结构示意图；
图2是本申请实施例提供的又一种终端的结构示意图；
图3是本申请实施例提供的又一种终端的结构示意图；
图4A是本申请实施例提供的三种通信拓扑的示意图；
图4B是本申请实施例提供的一种BCU和第一BMU之间的通信示意图；
图4C是本申请实施例提供的又一种BCU和第一BMU之间的通信示意图；
图5是本申请实施例提供的又一种终端的示意图；
图6是本申请实施例提供的一种电池系统的排列方式示意图；
图7是本申请实施例提供的又一种电池系统的排列方式示意图；
图8是本申请实施例提供的一种电池系统的排列方式示意图；
图9是本申请实施例提供的一种电池系统的结构示意图；
图10是本申请实施例提供的又一种电池系统的结构示意图；
图11是本申请实施例提供的又一种电池系统的结构示意图；
图12是本申请实施例提供的三种通信拓扑的示意图；
图13是本申请实施例提供的三种通信拓扑的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请实施例作进一步地详细描述。
请参见图1，图1是本申请实施例提供的一种终端的结构示意图，终端10包含第一电池单元101和连接装置1011。其中：
第一电池单元101固定安装在终端，用于为终端10供电。这里的固定安装是指在正常情况下第一电池单元101无法从终端10中拆卸，这里的正常情况是指日常使用、换电、充电等场景下。例如，第一电池单元101在出厂时固定在终端10中，通过专业维修人员才可以进行拆换。另外，本申请部分实施例中还涉及到可拆卸安装，可拆卸安装则与固定安装的含义相反，以可拆卸的安装形式装配的电池可以在正常情况下安装和卸下。例如，可拆卸安装可以通过机械锁止、机械卡扣、磁吸等方式安装和卸下。
连接装置1011用于实现第二电池单元102与终端10和/或与第一电池单元101之间的电连接。需要说明的是，连接装置1011是用于连接第二电池单元的，但是在某一时刻，第二电池单元102可能安装于终端10中，也可能没有安装在终端10中。在第二电池单元102未安装于终端10的情况下，终端10也可以通过第一电池单元101进行供电。
可选的，连接装置1011包含电传输接口，用于在第二电池单元102和终端10(或第一电池单元101)之间形成电流回路。
一些场景中，连接装置1011也可以称为连接器、电连接器或换电连接器等。示例性的，连接装置1011可以为电连接器的公端(或称为插头)或者母端(或称为插座)。
作为一种可能的设计，连接装置还包含有线通信接口和/或无线通信模块。其中，有线通信接口用于建立有线通信连接，无线通信模块用于建立无线通信连接。如此，连接装置包含有线通信接口，也包含无线通信模块，支持通过有线和无线的方式来实现供电设备和待供电设备之间的供电数据传输，相当于在传输过程中存在双重保险。即：在一种通信方式故障或低效时，也可以使用另一种通信方式来实现供电数据的传输，提升通信的可靠性和稳定性。
一种可能的实施方式中，连接装置1011设置在第一电池单元中，连接装置1011用于与第二电池单元耦合以实现第一电池单元和第二电池单元的电连接。将连接装置设置在第一电池单元中，一方面可以使得电传输相关的接口、线路等集中在第一电池单元附近，便于集中管理；另一方面，在连接装置损坏时，第一电池单元可以单独进行维修，从而无需维修整个 终端，提升了终端的可靠性。
一种可能的实施方式中，终端包含安装装置，所述安装装置用于可拆卸地安装所述第二电池单元。其中，安装装置可以包含锁定装置、固定装置、活动连接件等。请参见图2，图2是本申请实施例提供的又一种终端的结构示意图，锁止结构103可以实现对第二电池单元102的锁止(或固定)和解锁，以便于将第二电池单元102可拆卸地安装所述第二电池单元。
前述的设计中，第二电池单元连接通过连接装置实现，第二电池单元的安装通过安装装置实现。一些场景中，为了提升第二电池单元的寿命，以及提升终端的外观的美观度，终端可以为第二电池单元提供收容腔，第二电池单元可以被收容在该腔体中。具体的，终端还包含收容腔，该收容腔用于安装第二电池单元。示例性的，收容腔是通过车体和盖板所形成的收容空间，第二电池单元可以安装在该收容空间中。
可选的，收容腔所形成的收容空间可以容纳第二电池单元的全部体积。或者可选的，容纳第二电池单元的部分体积，例如，第二电池单元的部分结构容纳在收容空间中，部分结构可能超出了收容空间。
一种可能的实施方式中，收容腔用于在第一电池单元的、沿垂直于所述终端的底面的方向上安装第二电池单元。请参见图3，图3是本申请实施例提供的又一种终端的示意图，收容腔104所形成的收容空间，与第一电池单元的位置关系为：二者沿垂直于终端的底面的方向上排列。当第二电池单元被包容在收容空间中，安装在终端10中时，第二电池单元102和第一电池单元101沿着垂直于终端底面的方向上排列。如此，在卸下第二电池单元的情况下，第二电池单元所占的收容空间可以无需补齐配重，降低了终端的耗能，使得提速效率增加，提升了用户的使用体验。
电池安全是终端安全中的关键组成部分，因此，终端需要监视和管理电池的充电状态和健康状态。对于大型高压电池组(例如车辆的动力电池组)，准确监控每个电池单元和整个电池组参数，对于确保最大可用容量和安全可靠的运行至关重要。通过对电池单元进行监控、管理，可以延长电池的整体使用寿命，降低拥有成本。
作为一种可能的方案，终端可以通过电池管理系统(battery management system,BMS)来对电池进行管理.电池管理系统包括了电池管理主控板(battery control unit，BCU)和设置在电池单元中的电池管理从控板(battery monitor unit，BMU)。具体的，终端10中可以包含BCU，第一电池单元101中还包含BMU(便于区分以下称为第一BMU)。其中，BCU是用于进行计算和下达控制指令的装置，具有计算能力。BMU是用于进行数据上报的装置，还可以根据BCU的指令执行操作。作为一种可能的示例，第一BMU用于采集电池数据并上报给BCU，BCU用于根据电池数据形成控制指令。这里的电池数据包含第一电池单元的电池数据，可选还包含经过所述第一电池单元的连接装置1011的数据、或经过所述第一电池单元的线路的数据等。通过收集电池数据、基于电池数据对电池单元进行控制，可以提升终端的安全性和可靠性，减小由于电池故障而造成安全事故的可能性。
其中，电池数据可以包含供电连接参数、电池状态参数、诊断结果、或报警信号中的一项或者多项。其中，供电连接参数是指与供电连接相关的参数，例如以下信号中的一种或者多种信号：电池管理系统(battery management system，BMS)_12V+、BMS_12V-、辅助电源负A-、BMS唤醒信号、BMS调试高信号、BMS调试低信号、电子控制单元通信、预留信号等。电池状态参数可以包含电池内部的状态参数、电池外部的状态参数等。其中，状态参数 包含但不限于是温度、湿度、气压、气体浓度、气体种类、电压、电流、应力、内阻、电解液信号等中的一项或者多项。诊断结果是指针对供电连接参数、电池状态参数等进行诊断所得到的结果，例如可以是数据正常、过大、过小、错误、或缺失等。报警信号是当供电连接参数、电池状态参数、诊断结果满足某一条件时，报告可能存在危险的指示信号。例如在诊断结果为过大、过小、错误、缺失等异常状态时，触发报警信号。
可选的，第一BMU所包含的BMU的数量可以为一个，也可以为多个。在第一BMU包含多个BMU的情况下，多个BMU的功能和作用范围可以相同或者不同。例如，第一电池单元可以包含多个电池，一个BMU可以用于采集一个或者多个电池的电池数据。
作为一种可能的实施方式，BCU和第一BMU具有通信能力，BCU和所述第一BMU之间的通信方式包含有线通信方式和/或无线通信方式。
下面介绍BCU和第一BMU通信的几种情况：
情况一，BCU和第一BMU通过有线通信方式进行通信。此时，BCU和第一BMU之间的拓扑包含以下拓扑结构中的一种：直接通信拓扑、接力通信拓扑和环形通信拓扑等。其中，直接通信拓扑也可以称为集中式通信拓扑，接力通信拓扑也可以称为链式通信拓扑、菊花链通信拓扑等。
请参见图4A，图4A是本申请实施例提供的三种通信拓扑的示意图。如图4A的(a)部分所示，直接通信拓扑包含BCU105和第一BMU1012，第一BMU1012连接到BCU105上，第一BMU1012和BCU105之间可以通过“第一BMU1012-BCU105”这一链路进行通信。需要说明的是，虽然图4A中“第一BMU1012-BCU105”这一链路是直接连接的，但是在实际过程中其可能会经过其他接口、通信装置或者其他连接装置(但不经过连接装置1011)。
如图4A的(b)部分所示，接力通信拓扑包含BCU105、第一BMU1012和连接装置1011，第一BMU1012和BCU105之间可以通过“第一BMU1012-连接装置1011-BCU105”这一链路进行通信。此时，连接装置1011包含有线通信模块，有线通信模块用于连接BCU105和第一BMU1012，并进行通信。
如图4A的(c)部分所示，环形通信拓扑包含BCU105、第一BMU1012和连接装置1011。其中，BCU105、第一BMU1012和连接装置1011之间两两连接，形成环形。环形通信拓扑可以实现通信冗余，第一BMU1012和BCU105之间可以通过“第一BMU-BCU”这一直连链路进行通信，也可以通过“第一BMU-连接装置-BCU”这一链路进行通信。因此，环形通信拓扑可以实现通信冗余，能够分担单线的压力，在一条线路故障时还可以使用另一条线路进行通信，提升电池系统的稳定性和安全性。
情况二，BCU和第一BMU通过无线通信方式进行通信。此时，BCU和第一BMU之间的拓扑包含以下拓扑结构中的一种：直接通信拓扑、接力通信拓扑和环形通信拓扑等。无线链路的拓扑可以参见图4A所示的有线链路的拓扑结构，此处不再赘述。
上述情况还可以在不互斥的情况下进行结合，对于结合的情况此处不再一一说明。
一些可能的实施方式中，BCU105可以设置在第一电池单元101中，即第一电池单元101包含BCU105。此时，对电池系统的管理可以集中在第一电池单元上，提升部件的集成度和终端的可靠性。当然，BCU还可以设置在第一电池单元101之外，如图4A所示。
另外，在第一BMU包含多个BMU时，多个BMU之间也可以进行通信。当然，一些情况中，多个BMU之间不进行通信，而是直接与BCU进行通信。
请参见图4B，图4B是本申请实施例提供的一种BCU和第一BMU之间的通信示意图。其中，第一BMU包含多个BMU，以多个BMU为BMU1021a、BMU1021b、BMU1021c、 BMU1021d，BMU分别管理第一电池单元中的若干个电池，这里的电池可以为电芯或者电池组。图4B以每个BMU管理2个电池为例，也即，一个BMU可以采集第一电池单元中的两个电池。
其中，多个BMU可以与BCU105通信连接，而BMU之间不进行通信。可选的，多个BMU中的一个或者多个BMU可以与连接装置1011通信连接(如图4B的虚线双箭头所示)，包含以有线和/或无线通信方式进行连接。进一步的，连接装置1011可以与BCU105通信连接(如图4B的虚线双箭头所示)，包含以有线和/或无线通信方式进行连接。
请参见图4C，图4C是本申请实施例提供的又一种BCU和第一BMU之间的通信示意图。其中，多个BMU与BCU105通信连接，BMU之间也可以通信连接。可选的，多个BMU中的一个或者多个BMU可以与连接装置1011通信连接(如图4C的虚线双箭头所示)，包含以有线和/或无线通信方式进行连接。进一步的，连接装置1011可以与BCU105通信连接(如图4C的虚线双箭头所示)，包含以有线和/或无线通信方式进行连接。
上文中提到，第二单元可以从终端中安装或者卸下。一些可能的实施方式中，第二电池单元被安装在终端，为终端供电。这里的供电可以是直接的供电也可以是间接的供电，例如，第二电池单元可以连接终端中的电路。再如，第二电池单元可以用于给第一电池单元充电，而第一电池单元为终端供电。
具体的，终端还包括第二电池单元，第二电池单元用于为终端供电。可选的，第一电池单元和第二电池单元为终端供电的方式包含以下三种供电方式中的一种或多种：第一电池单元独立为终端供电、第二电池单元独立为所述终端供电、第一电池单元和所述第二电池单元联合为终端供电等。
进一步的，在第一单元独立为终端供电时，第二电池单元则不为终端供电，例如第二电池单元的供电线路处于断路状态。类似的，在第二单元独立为终端供电时，第一电池单元则不为终端供电。
一种可能的实施方式中，第二电池单元可以包含连接装置，该连接装置用于与第一电池单元(或终端)中的连接装置耦合。例如，电连接器的公端(或称插头)与第一电池单元连接，电连接器的母端(或称插座)与第二电池单元连接。电连接器的公端与电连接器的母端可以相互耦合。再如，电连接器的母端(或称插座)与第一电池单元连接，电连接器的母公端(或称插头)与第二电池单元连接。电连接器的公端与电连接器的母端可以相互耦合。
一种可能的实施方式中，第二电池单元可以包含一个或者多个电池。这里的电池也可以替换为电池包、电池组等。请参见图5，图5是本申请实施例提供的又一种终端的示意图，第二电池单元102可以包含多个电池，如电池102a和电池102b。多个电池之间也通过连接装置进行相互连接，电池102a中的连接装置1021和连接装置1011连接，电池102a中的连接装置1022和电池102b中的连接装置1023连接。这种通过设置在电池单元上的连接装置来进行连接，一方面可以易于扩展，实现更多的电池单元之间的组合连接，另一方面使得连接器、连接线路等集中在电池单元部分，易于进行安全管理，提升终端可靠性。
一种可能的实施方式中，第一电池单元和第二电池单元并联连接。若第一电池单元和第二电池单元串联连接，在串联的电池的容量不同的情况下，容易使得一个电池单元充电充不满、放电电量对不齐等问题，形成短板效应。而并联连接可以避免短板效应，使得电池单元的利用率提升，提升终端的服务质量。
进一步的，在第二电池单元包含多个电池的情况下，多个电池也可以使用并联连接。在 第一电池单元的容量相同或者不同的情况下，第一电池单元和第二电池单元均可以得到较高的利用率，提高电池容量设计的灵活性，提升用户的使用体验。
一些可能的设计中，第一电池单元和第二电池单元的容量不同。可选的，第二电池单元的容量大于第一电池单元。一方面，终端中固定安装一个小容量的电池以满足短里程的需求，在需要长续航里程时，可以换上大容量的电池提升续航，从而进一步降低初次购置终端的成本。另一方面，本申请可以实现不同容量的电池共同为终端进行供电，提升了使用体验。
在又一种可能的实施方式中，第一电池单元和第二电池单元的容量可以相同。容量相同的电池更易于电池存放空间，更易于实现共同充电和共同放电，简化设计难度。
下面介绍几种第二电池单元和第一电池单元的排列方式。
一种可能的实施方式中，第一电池单元和第二电池单元沿垂直于终端底面的方向排列。换句话说，第二电池单元和第一电池单元是采用上下式的耦合方式，这种排列方式不需要增加配重来填补第二电池单元的缺失。
作为一种排列的示例，第一电池单元与所述第二电池单元沿垂直于所述终端的底面的方向且呈柱状方式排列。其中，终端的底面是指终端在正常情况下，靠近地面的一面。例如，以终端的底面为车辆为例，车辆的底面可以是指车辆的底盘所在的面。需要说明的是，这里的垂直是指相对的垂直，安装时由于误差、制作精度、震动等影响可能存在偏差。
请参见图6，图6是本身实施例提供的一种电池系统的排列方式示意图。第二电池单元102和第一电池单元101沿z轴方向排列，其中，x-y平面为终端的底面。应理解，本申请示出的排列方式中，第二电池单元102和第一电池单元101的姿态、位置顺序等仅为示例，具体实施过程可以有其他设计，本申请对此不做严格限定。
作为又一种排列的示例，第一电池单元和所述第二电池单元呈塔状排列。例如，沿垂直于所述终端的底面的方向呈塔状排列。
请参见图7，图7是本身实施例提供的又一种电池系统的排列方式示意图。第二电池单元102和第一电池单元101沿z轴方向排列，x-y平面为终端的底面。第二电池单元102在z轴方向上的截面的面积可以大于第一电池单元101在z轴方向上的截面的面积。结合图3，在图7所示的情况下，收容腔104所形成的收容空间大于第一电池单元101所占的空间，从而便于安装大容量的第二电池单元102。
可选的，第一电池单元101的重心701和第二电池单元102的重心702位于垂直于终端的底面方向的同一直线上，即平行于z轴的直线上，如图7所示。
可选的，第二电池单元可以包含多个电池。请参见图8，图8是本身实施例提供的一种电池系统的排列方式示意图，第二电池单元102包含电池102a和电池102b，电池102a和电池102b沿平行于终端底面的方式排列，而二者形成的整体与第一电池单元101沿垂直于终端底面的方式排列。
一种可能的实施方式中，终端还包含直流变换器，直流变换器(Direct Current/Direct Current，DCDC)用于调节第一电池单元的电压和/或调节第二电池单元的电压。
进一步的，直流变换器用于实现第一电池单元的供电电压和所述第二电池单元的供电电压相同。这种方案可以解决第一电池单元和第二电池单元的电压不一致导致的环流问题，提升终端的可靠性。
请参见图9，图9是本申请实施例提供的一种电池系统的结构示意图。其中，第一电池单元101的电压为V1，第二电池单元102的电压为V2。直流变换器可以调整第一电池单元 101的电压，例如将其调整为V2，从而使得第一电池单元的供电电压和所述第二电池单元的供电电压相同。
请参见图10，图10是本申请实施例提供的又一种电池系统的结构示意图。其中，第一电池单元101的电压为V1，第二电池单元102的电压为V2。直流变换器可以调整第二电池单元102的电压，例如将其调整为V1，从而使得第一电池单元的供电电压和所述第二电池单元的供电电压相同。可选的，直流变换器可以位于第二电池单元102中，此时终端在购置时可以不选购DCDC，购车成本较低，适合短距离出行需求较多，长续航出行需求较少的用户。
可选的，直流变换器包含于第一电池单元，或者，直流变换器位于第一电池单元和第二电池单元之外。如此，当需要安装第二电池单元增加续航时，增程的成本较低，适合长距离出行较多的用户。
一种可能的实施方式中，终端可以不包含DCDC。请参见图11，图11是本申请实施例提供的又一种电池系统的结构示意图。在供电时，第二电池单元102可以给第一电池单元101充电。这种模式下，由于避免了DCDC模块，整体方案成本最低。
下面介绍终端对包含第二电池单元的电池系统的电池管理方案。
一些可能的实施方式中，终端还包含电池管理主控板BCU，第二电池单元包含第二BMU。可选的，第二BMU用于采集第二电池单元的电池数据并上报给BCU，BCU用于根据第二电池单元的电池数据形成控制指令。
可选的，BCU和第二BMU之间的通信方式包含有线通信方式和/或无线通信方式。
情况一，BCU和第二BMU之间通过有线通信方式进行通信。BCU、第一BMU和第二BMU之间的拓扑包含以下拓扑结构中的一种：直接通信拓扑、接力通信拓扑和环形通信拓扑等。
请参见图12，图12是本申请实施例提供的三种通信拓扑的示意图。如图12的(a)部分所示，直接通信拓扑结构中，第一BMU1012和BCU105可以通过“第一BMU1012-BCU105”这一链路进行通信，第一BMU1012连接到BCU105上。第二BMU1023和BCU105可以通过“第二BMU1023-连接装置1021-连接装置1011-BCU105”这一链路进行通信。可以看出，连接装置1011具有有线通信接口，能够支持换电的电池系统与终端或者第一电池单元进行通信。
如图12的(b)部分所示，接力通信拓扑结构中，第一BMU1012和BCU105可以通过“第一BMU1012-BCU105”这一链路进行通信。第二BMU1023和BCU105可以通过“第二BMU1023-连接装置1021-连接装置1011-第一BMU1012-BCU105”这一链路进行通信。此时，第一BMU1012可以作为中继的节点，连接第二BMU1023和BCU105。
可替换的，接力通信拓扑结构中，第一BMU1012和BCU105可能通过“第一BMU1012-连接装置1011-BCU105”这一链路进行通信。此时，第二BMU1023和BCU105可以通过“第二BMU1023-连接装置1021-连接装置1011-BCU105”这一链路进行通信。
如图12的(c)部分所示，环形通信拓扑结构中，第一BMU1012和BCU105可以通过“第一BMU1012-BCU105”这一直连链路进行通信，也可以通过“第一BMU1012-连接装置1011-BCU105”这一链路进行通信。第二BMU1023和BCU105可以通过“第二BMU1023-连接装置1021-连接装置1011-第一BMU1012-BCU105”这一链路进行通信，也可以通过“第二BMU1023-连接装置1021-连接装置1011-BCU105”这一链路进行通信。环形通信拓扑可以实现通信冗余，能够分担单线的压力，在一条线路故障时还可以使用另一条线路进行通信， 提升电池系统的稳定性和安全性。
情况二，BCU和第二BMU之间通过无线通信方式进行通信。此时，BCU、第一BMU和第二BMU之间的拓扑包含以下拓扑结构中的一种：直接通信拓扑、接力通信拓扑和环形通信拓扑等。
请参见图13，图13是本申请实施例提供的三种通信拓扑的示意图。如图13的(a)部分所示，直接通信拓扑结构中，第一BMU1012和BCU105可以建立无线连接，通过“第一BMU1012-BCU105”这一链路进行通信。第二BMU1023和BCU105可以建立无线通信连接，通过“第二BMU1023-BCU105”这一链路进行通信。
如图13的(b)部分所示，接力通信拓扑结构中，第一BMU1012和BCU105可以建立无线连接，通过“第一BMU1012-BCU105”这一链路进行通信。第二BMU1023和第一BMU1012可以建立无线通信连接，通过“第二BMU1023-第一BMU1012”这一链路进行通信，进一步的，第一BMU1012可以进行转发，实现第二BMU1023和BCU105之间的数据传递。此时，第一BMU1012可以作为中继的节点，连接第二BMU1023和BCU105。
如图13的(c)部分所示，环形通信拓扑结构中，第一BMU1012、BCU105和第二BMU1023之间两两连接，实现了通信冗余，能够分担单线的压力，在一条线路故障时还可以使用另一条线路进行通信，提升电池系统的稳定性和安全性。
上述情况还可以在不互斥的情况下进行结合，对于结合的情况此处不再一一说明。
一些可能的实施方式中，BCU105可以设置在第一电池单元101中，此时，对电池系统的管理可以集中在第一电池单元上，提升部件的集成度和终端的可靠性。
当然，BCU还可以设置在第一电池单元101之外，此处不再一一示意。
本申请实施例还提供一种多电池系统，该多电池系统包含第一电池单元和第二电池单元，第一电池单元和第二电池单元用于为终端供电。其中，第一电池单元固定安装在终端中，第二电池单元可拆卸地安装在终端中，第一电池单元包含第一连接装置，第二电池单元包含第二连接装置，第一连接装置和第二连接装置可以进行耦合，实现第一电池单元和第二电池单元之间电连接。
可选的，第一电池单元和第二电池单元沿垂直于终端底面的方向排列。关于第一电池单元和第二电池单元的相关设计可以参考前述实施例中的设计。
前述方案中，终端可以为车辆、无人机、机器人等智能终端或运输工具。当然，终端也可以替换为工业设备、娱乐休闲设备等。智能终端例如手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、智能手环、智能手表、或智能眼镜等。交通工具例如车辆、舰船、飞行器、或物流机器人等。工业设备例如工业机器人、机械臂等。休闲娱乐设备例如虚拟现实(virtual reality，VR)设备、混合现实(mixed reality，MR)设备、按摩椅、或4D影院座舱等。本申请对于电连接器应用的设备不做严格限制。
在本申请的描述中，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，还可以是抵触连接或一体的连接；对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请实施例中，“示例性的”或者“例如”等词用于表示作例子、例证或说明。本申请中被描述为“示例性的”或者“例如”的任何实施例或设计方案不应被解释为比其他实施例或设计方案更优选或更具优势。确切而言，使用“示例性的”或者“例如”等词旨在以具体方式呈现相关概念。
本申请中实施例提到的“至少一个”是指一个或者多个，“多个”是指两个或两个以上。“以下至少一项(个)”或其类似表达，是指的这些项中的任意组合，包括单项(个)或复数项(个)的任意组合。例如，a、b、或c中的至少一项(个)，可以表示：a、b、c、(a和b)、(a和c)、(b和c)、或(a和b和c)，其中a、b、c可以是单个，也可以是多个。“和/或”，描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A、同时存在A和B、单独存在B这三种情况，其中A、B可以是单数或者复数。字符“/”一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
以及，除非有相反的说明，本申请实施例使用“第一”、“第二”等序数词是用于对多个对象进行区分，不用于限定多个对象的顺序、时序、优先级或者重要程度。例如，第一BMU和第二BMU，只是为了便于描述电池单元中的BMU，而并不是表示第一BMU和第二BMU的结构、重要程度等的不同。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种终端，其特征在于，所述终端包含第一电池单元和连接装置，所述第一电池单元固定安装在所述终端中，所述第一电池单元用于为所述终端供电，
    所述连接装置设置在所述第一电池单元中，所述连接装置用于与第二电池单元耦合以实现第一电池单元和所述第二电池单元的电连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的终端，其特征在于，终端包含安装装置，所述安装装置用于可拆卸地安装所述第二电池单元。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的终端，其特征在于，所述终端还包含收容腔，所述收容腔用于在所述第一电池单元的、沿垂直于所述终端的底面的方向上安装所述第二电池单元。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的终端，其特征在于，所述终端还包含电池管理主控板BCU，所述第一电池单元包含第一电池管理从控板BMU，所述BCU和所述第一BMU之间的通信方式包含有线通信方式和/或无线通信方式。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的终端，其特征在于，所述终端还包括第二电池单元，所述第二电池单元用于为所述终端供电。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的终端，其特征在于，所述第一电池单元和所述第二电池并联连接，所述第一电池单元和所述第二电池单元为所述终端供电的方式包含以下三种供电方式中的至少一种：
    所述第一电池单元独立为所述终端供电；
    所述第二电池单元独立为所述终端供电；
    所述第一电池单元和所述第二电池单元联合为所述终端供电。
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的终端，其特征在于，所述第一电池单元和第二电池单元的容量不同。
  8. 根据权利要求5-7任一项所述的终端，其特征在于，所述第一电池单元与所述第二电池单元沿垂直于所述终端的底面的方向呈柱状方式排列；
    或者，所述第一电池单元和所述第二电池单元沿垂直于所述终端的底面的方向呈塔状排列，且所述第一电池单元的重心和所述第二电池单元的重心位于垂直于所述终端的底面方向的同一直线上。
  9. 根据权利要求5-8任一项所述的终端，其特征在于，所述终端还包含直流变换器，所述直流变换器用于调节所述第一电池单元的电压和/或调节所述第二电池单元的电压，以使得所述第一电池单元的供电电压和所述第二电池单元的供电电压相同。
  10. 根据权利要求5-9任一项所述的终端，其特征在于，所述终端还包含电池管理主控板 BCU，所述第二电池单元包含第二BMU，所述BCU和所述第二BMU之间的通信方式包含有线通信方式和/或无线通信方式。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的终端，其特征在于，所述第一电池单元包含第一电池管理从控板BMU，所述BCU、所述第一BMU和所述第二BMU之间的拓扑包含直接通信拓扑、接力通信拓扑和环形通信拓扑中的一种。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的终端，其特征在于，所述终端为车辆、机器人或无人机。
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CN109968961A (zh) * 2017-12-27 2019-07-05 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司 电动汽车
CN114243856A (zh) * 2021-12-27 2022-03-25 许力文 一种单电池和双电池兼容的电动车电池管理系统
CN116014331A (zh) * 2022-11-30 2023-04-25 广汽埃安新能源汽车股份有限公司 一种电池包组件及汽车
DE102021128782A1 (de) * 2021-11-05 2023-05-11 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Elektrisch oder teilelektrisch angetriebenes Fahrzeug umfassend eine Traktionsbatterie

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US20030054240A1 (en) * 2000-04-28 2003-03-20 Apollo Energy Systems, Incorporated Multi-cellular electrical battery
CN106004488A (zh) * 2016-06-01 2016-10-12 北京车和家信息技术有限责任公司 电源系统、车辆和用于控制车辆的电源系统的方法和装置
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