WO2024251698A1 - Computer-implementiertes verfahren zur herstellung eines cad-modells eines apparates und additives fertigungsverfahren eines apparates - Google Patents
Computer-implementiertes verfahren zur herstellung eines cad-modells eines apparates und additives fertigungsverfahren eines apparates Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024251698A1 WO2024251698A1 PCT/EP2024/065260 EP2024065260W WO2024251698A1 WO 2024251698 A1 WO2024251698 A1 WO 2024251698A1 EP 2024065260 W EP2024065260 W EP 2024065260W WO 2024251698 A1 WO2024251698 A1 WO 2024251698A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
- G06F30/23—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Program-control systems
- G05B19/02—Program-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of program data in numerical form
- G05B19/4097—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of program data in numerical form characterised by using design data to control NC machines, e.g. CAD/CAM
- G05B19/4099—Surface or curve machining, making three-dimensional [3D] objects, e.g. desktop manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/10—Formation of a green body
- B22F10/16—Formation of a green body by embedding the binder within the powder bed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2111/00—Details relating to CAD techniques
- G06F2111/06—Multi-objective optimisation, e.g. Pareto optimisation using simulated annealing [SA], ant colony algorithms or genetic algorithms [GA]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2111/00—Details relating to CAD techniques
- G06F2111/20—Configuration CAD, e.g. designing by assembling or positioning modules selected from libraries of predesigned modules
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2113/00—Details relating to the application field
- G06F2113/08—Fluids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2113/00—Details relating to the application field
- G06F2113/10—Additive manufacturing, e.g. three-dimensional [3D] printing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2113/00—Details relating to the application field
- G06F2113/14—Pipes
Definitions
- the invention relates to a computer-implemented method for producing a CAD model of an apparatus and an additive manufacturing method of an apparatus.
- DE 10 2015 115 409 A1 discloses a method for designing components through which fluid flows, whereby computer-aided engineering (CAE) is used to design the topology of the components, combining flow simulation models (fluid dynamic simulations (CFD)), solid simulation models (finite element method (FEM)) and computer-aided design (computer-aided design - CAD).
- CAE computer-aided engineering
- CFD flow dynamic simulations
- FEM finite element method
- computer-aided design computer-aided design - CAD
- DE 10 2015 115 409 A1 proposes using additive manufacturing processes such as laser melting, laser sintering, electron beam melting or 3D printing to manufacture components and overcome tool limitations. It is proposed to first optimize the fluid space topology and then design the solid structure surrounding the component.
- the disadvantage of this method is that the large number of parameters and degrees of freedom of possible fluid space topologies, such as the number of fluid channels, geometric cross-section, course, divisions and merging of individual fluid channels, etc., require very high processor power and/or very long simulation times, especially when it comes to highly thermally or pressure-loaded Apparatus, such as reactors for highly exothermic reactions, so that the subsequent strength simulation (FEM) may reject previous fluid topologies several times as not feasible (approvable). Furthermore, it is disadvantageous in the development of apparatus, apparatus testing and the necessary scale-up from laboratory scale to large-scale components if an increase in performance and/or minor design adjustments require completely new simulations and recalculations for each step. This is all the more complex and economically disadvantageous if this means that official approvals are required in each individual case for the manufacture of such apparatus or their operation.
- Additive manufacturing also known as 3D printing
- 3D printing enables highly complex technical designs for apparatus and containers in chemical equipment construction. There is a higher level of complexity and greater degrees of freedom in three-dimensional space.
- chemical process equipment can be extensively adapted as required using 3D printing through targeted geometry optimization (see Capel, A. J., Rimington, R. P., Lewis, M. P., & Christie, S. D. (2016). 3D printing for chemical, pharmaceutical and biological applications. Nature Reviews Chemistry, 2(12), 422-436.).
- the need and the task is to provide an improved method with which improved CAD models of devices, in particular of chemical reactors, can be created in a shorter time and in particular to improve user guidance.
- the object is achieved by a computer-implemented method for producing a CAD model for an apparatus guiding a material system according to claim 1, a manufacturing method according to claim 14 and a storage medium according to claim 17.
- ⁇ Second alignment step in which at least some of the design elements in the spatial element, at least one spatial segment and/or at least one grid element are arranged geometrically in at least two spatial directions, in particular in three spatial directions.
- the reactor is taken from the following group: tubular reactor, reactor with reaction and heat exchange channels or heat exchange chambers and/or continuous reactor.
- additional system parameter is to be interpreted broadly in the present context and means “at least one additional system parameter”, in particular “all system parameters”.
- step a. the input of system parameters into a CAD software, takes place at least partially through the definition step or during the definition step, wherein this particularly includes the complete input of system parameters through the definition step.
- the primary model comprises all system parameters for the CAD software and/or in the definition step the essential scope, in particular all system parameters, is entered directly and/or indirectly through the selection, arrangement and/or parameterization of at least one design element.
- a user advantageously does not have to select and/or enter any further system parameters for the CAD software after creating the primary model.
- the adoption of the primary model represents the complete (input) information for the computer-based operation and use of the CAD software.
- starting material is to be understood very broadly and means any first substance which is converted into a product due to a chemical and/or physical reaction, either alone or together with another substance.
- a “starting material” is also referred to synonymously as a "reactant”. This is to be understood in contrast to an "auxiliary material", which is not itself converted into a “product”.
- a “material system” means the material flow and its specific chemical-physical behavior and states. This includes rheological characteristics, mass transport, thermal characteristics, including heat development and heat transfer or heat transport across neighboring spatial elements and surfaces and, if necessary, reaction kinetics.
- a CAD model is created in particular on the basis of multiple physical characteristics, whereby the term “multiple physical” refers to the consideration of at least two physical quantities, such as temperature, flow velocity and/or pressure.
- CAD software refers to any computer-aided design software, especially for apparatus and reactor construction, such as NX from Siemens, FreeCAD, or other comparable software.
- system parameters are not to be understood as restrictive and mean any specification, input, specification or parameterization in order to define the task for creating a CAD model for the CAD software.
- CAD model is to be understood as the calculation result and/or output format of a CAD software.
- increment of the CAD model is to be understood as the program-based creation of a process-optimized digital CAD model by a CAD software, based on the system parameters.
- system parameters means any parameter, any functional dependency and/or mathematical relationship (algorithm) that can be advantageous for the formation of the CAD model and that are made available to the program module or the CAD software for the creation of the CAD model of an apparatus on a case-by-case basis. These include in particular the reaction equation of the intended chemical process, the required production capacity and associated or derived physical, thermodynamic and/or chemical variables, flow dynamic variables, energy quantities and flows as well as information on mass transportZ-flows. “System parameters” also include geometric specifications and dimensions of the apparatus. At least some of the parameters represent limit values with respect to which an optimum and/or improvement can be achieved. is to be determined. The system parameters can be made available at least partially automatically from databases, e.g.
- CAD software in databases and/or specified or displayed as a report, here according to the invention as a primary model report.
- a report here according to the invention as a primary model report.
- system parameters can be manually selected and/or automatically specified via suitable interfaces, such as a computer, monitor and/or terminal.
- the "output" of the CAD model means any transmission, storage and/or display of the result of the CAD software, in particular the visual display on a monitor for an operator, storage as a file on a data storage device, in particular an executable program file and/or forwarding as a file, in particular forwarding to other processing, simulation and/or evaluation software, such as software for calculating or simulating strength, such as FEM software.
- the output can also be sent to a printing software or a printing device in order to create a two-dimensional or three-dimensional image of the CAD model.
- the evaluation software can in particular also be software that is designed as machine learning software (ML software), deep learning software (DL software) or in general as artificial intelligence software (AI) or includes such.
- ML software machine learning software
- DL software deep learning software
- AI artificial intelligence software
- the output file or output format of the CAD software is, for example, a .sty file for 3D printing or display on a monitor, printer (2D, 3)
- the "spatial element” means a mathematically defined occupancy space, e.g. as a cylinder, cube or die, which can also have a grid or lattice or can be designed as such, also called a frame or grid.
- a mathematically defined occupancy space e.g. as a cylinder, cube or die, which can also have a grid or lattice or can be designed as such, also called a frame or grid.
- the spatial element at least a part of the apparatus, in particular an essential part of the apparatus, is arranged mathematically and geometrically (digitally). With regard to the infinite size of a space, the spatial element is a reduction in dimensionality.
- the “primary mode” created in the definition step means the sum of the mathematical equations for the extensive or complete description of the fluid-mechanical, thermodynamic and reaction-kinetic relationships of a synthesis in an apparatus, based on the predefined design elements and the overall reduced dimensionality.
- the “Primary model report” is the result of this primary model.
- the primary model report can include unresolved or unresolved variables and/or value ranges for variables.
- the primary model or the primary model report serves as an input value or as a parameter for the CAD software in the CAD creation step.
- the primary model is generated in a program module or by means of a multi-scale optimization software (MSO software) that can be executed there, whereby the MSO software is designed to carry out physical simulations in order to generate an optimal technical design in the form of the primary model.
- multi-scale optimization means the thermodynamic and geometric optimization of the technical design of the respective devices, such as a reactor or a heat exchanger, as a primary model.
- program module also means the MSO software that can be executed there.
- the program module advantageously comprises and/or is formed from an executable multi-scale optimization software (MSO software), wherein the MSO software is designed to generate the primary model by physical simulations by means of multi-scale optimization.
- MSO software executable multi-scale optimization software
- An advantageous embodiment consists in that the spatial element and/or a spatial segment comprises two or more grid elements or is formed from them
- the "grid element” means a digital element or section of a grid (element) or raster (element) that represents and describes a three-dimensional (sub-)space of the spatial element or spatial segment as a mathematical one- or multi-part formula and/or algorithm.
- the raster element can comprise digital raster nodes that represent and describe discrete, mathematically described points within or on the raster element that represent the defined connection points for design elements.
- the raster element is a reduction in dimensionality in view of the infinite number of possible raster or grid elements of a spatial element.
- a raster element is a geometrically smaller unit than a spatial segment, so that a spatial segment can comprise two or more raster elements.
- a raster element can comprise, in particular, at least a group of raster nodes (raster node group), whereby the raster nodes of a raster node group are arranged in a defined, mathematically described at least two-dimensional, especially three-dimensional, dependence on each other (grid width) and/or on the grid element or the spatial element.
- the grid nodes of a first grid node group can have a first grid width and the grid nodes of a second grid node group can have a second grid width.
- the grid nodes or the group of possible, permissible grid nodes are a reduction in dimensionality in view of the infinite number of possible points in the spatial element.
- one embodiment consists in that, analogous to the grid element, the spatial element and/or the spatial segment has a defined number of grid nodes and/or grid node groups.
- a grid element can be assigned to a longitudinal axis and/or main flow direction, which the design elements must not contradict in their respective orientation and/or from which the design elements may only deviate within a defined range with regard to their discharge branch, e.g. by 90° to 270°.
- a "design element” is a mathematically described model of a flow section or a flow unit.
- a design element is thus defined as a number of parameters or attributes that enable a scaled and adapted geometry, depending on a predefined set of relevant geometric parameters, such as the flow diameter and/or the length of a channel or channel section and a set of equations that enable an estimation or calculation of key process variables, such as pressure drop, heat transfer, mass transfer, as a function of the relevant geometric parameters and boundary conditions, such as inflow rates.
- a design element can also comprise a channel node consisting of two or more flow channels. The design element forms and defines
- thermodynamic effects e.g. in the z-direction, the main flow direction, and transversely to it, in the radial direction (2D) and
- each individual design element can be designed as a standardized design element.
- "standardized design element” means that this design element is defined and designed in accordance with common technical rules and standards, in particular with regard to wall thicknesses, material selection and/or manufacturing parameters, depending on pressure, temperature, stresses and/or contact media.
- the great advantage of using standardized design elements is that the CAD model created from the standardized design elements will always or almost always have sufficient strength and safety.
- the device can therefore be manufactured more easily and economically overall. In particular, fewer iteration steps are required to achieve the final, optimal CAD model.
- this model of a design element is transferred to the CAD software by means of the primary model, in particular automatically provided by the software used to create the primary model to the CAD software and/or read in and processed by the software as a data set.
- a defined number of design elements and their types are selected and a first alignment is carried out by determining the flow paths between at least two design elements from the at least one discharge opening to at least one defined downstream inlet opening of another design element, or by determining a flow path in an analogous manner from a discharge branch to an inlet branch.
- the aforementioned connection is made via a pipe or flow element, in particular always via a pipe or flow element.
- a logical, functional linking of design elements is carried out in the first alignment step by assigning a specific input of another design element to an output of a design element.
- the flow paths of the respective apparatus are defined without geometrical determination.
- all pipe paths are defined in this way.
- the design elements in the spatial element, at least one spatial segment and/or at least one grid element are arranged geometrically in at least two spatial directions, in particular in three spatial directions.
- the first alignment step is an integral part of the above-mentioned first sub-phase for physical-thermodynamic optimization.
- the second alignment step is advantageously part of the second sub-phase for geometric optimization.
- the basic structural design of the apparatus to be simulated or manufactured is determined in a first approximation and the complexity is thus greatly limited with regard to all potentially possible variants.
- the length and type of flow path also determines the residence time of the flowing substances.
- provision is not to be understood in a restrictive sense and means the provision of corresponding data, executable program packages in an accessible data storage or data storage medium. Furthermore, provision also means the transfer of data and/or executable program packages from a data storage or data storage medium and provision in or for the program module when using the MSO software for user-controlled and/or automated processing using the MSO software.
- handing over” or “providing” a file, a program package and/or software package means that it can also be handed over in several parts and/or indirectly, in particular after at least partial caching in a data storage. In particular, “handing over”, “providing” or “provisioning” means that this is done computer-implemented using at least one processor or at least one processor unit.
- a topology optimization TO
- “arrangement” could also be referred to as topology optimization in the context of the definition step.
- the data of the primary model is saved and displayed to the user, for example in a 2D, 3D view or in tabular form.
- This improved user guidance enables the user to carry out a "manual" follow-up check.
- the display of the primary model can therefore show the user that the program module or the MSO software was the first "optimizer” to make some channels very short, in accordance with permissible physics. The user could then see a need for changes for reasons such as safety, improved use of installation space, etc.
- These changes can be made by the user directly in the program module on the primary model, before transferring it to the CAD software, for example by increasing the length of at least one design element or a group of design elements.
- the definition step may further comprise the following sub-phases:
- thermodynamic dependencies In the first sub-phase, exclusively or essentially all relevant physical andZor thermodynamic dependencies are considered and described mathematically.
- geometric arrangement and dependencies In the second sub-phase, exclusively the geometric arrangement and dependencies are considered and defined in three-dimensional space, in particular in a spatial element andZor segment.
- the design elements are positioned on grid nodes and/or in grid node spaces.
- the arrangement can be carried out in particular via an input unit, such as a monitor, in particular a touch-sensitive monitor, in which the program module can be manipulated via functions such as drag & drop via hold.
- an input unit such as a monitor, in particular a touch-sensitive monitor, in which the program module can be manipulated via functions such as drag & drop via hold.
- the output of the primary model can be a file that can have any suitable data format or is an executable software program or program product.
- the primary model is advantageously a file that can be imported and edited by the CAD software and/or a program package that can be executed by the CAD software.
- the primary model or the primary model report represents another system parameter or a group of system parameters of the CAD software that very comprehensively predefines and/or limits the variety of variants of the CAD software and thus increases the speed of creation.
- a user makes a basic input (basic input step) in which, for example, the desired synthesis, the synthesis type and, if applicable, other basic specifications and specifications are made. These basic specifications and specifications can be used in particular.
- These basic inputs in the basic input step are made via a suitable interface, such as a monitor, a computer and/or a control station and are usually carried out at least partially manually by a user.
- a suitable interface such as a monitor, a computer and/or a control station
- the definition step for an advantageous computer-implemented method for creating a CAD model includes the following:
- steps a) to d) of the first sub-phase are carried out manually by the user, whereby the MSO software can make suggestions to the user for any decisions that are still required in the same or subsequent steps based on the selections and specifications already made.
- Steps e) to h) are primarily carried out by the MSO software is carried out automatically or largely automatically based on executable programs. Steps e) to h) are also considered automated if the MSO software prompts the user to release, select or take another action (decision) via an input device such as a monitor, keyboard, etc.
- a type of superstructure is defined by always passing a type of package of design elements to the MSO software, and the software specifies that exactly one type of design element must be selected.
- These packages are arranged one after the other in the main flow direction as a type of rough, slice-by-slice construction plan of the apparatus from various, limited selection options.
- CAD model i. Reading in the primary model report in the format as a Python .py file (instruction script) or Excel file (start NX, MSO software); ii. If necessary, further manual alignments, e.g. rotation, inclination, displacement in x-y-z direction, other interventions without optimization path without feedback, use of a sensor interface; iii. Saving the CAD model and/or output/display.
- step a) of the second sub-phase is carried out manually by the user.
- Steps b) to c) of the second sub-phase are primarily carried out by the MSO software is automated or largely automated based on executable programs.
- Step c) can be carried out manually or automatically.
- steps are also considered automated if the MSO software prompts the user to release, select or take another action (decision) via an input device such as a monitor, keyboard, etc.
- the above-mentioned steps for generating the CAD model i) - iii) are carried out manually using the CAD software and/or can be carried out at least partially manually by the software.
- framework parameters means any parameter, any functional dependency and/or mathematical relationship (algorithm) that can be advantageous for creating (simulating) the primary model and that is made available to the program module or the MSO software for creating the primary model.
- algorithms include in particular the reaction equation of the intended chemical process, the required production capacity and associated or derived physical, thermodynamic and/or chemical variables, fluid dynamic variables, energy quantities and flows as well as information on mass transportZ-flows.
- Framework parameters also include geometric specifications and dimensions of the apparatus. At least some of the parameters represent limit values with respect to which an optimum and/or an improvement is to be determined.
- the framework parameters can be made available at least partially automatically from databases, e.g. retrieved from databases by the MSO software.
- framework data can be manually selected and/or specified via suitable interfaces, such as a computer.
- Framework parameters can be at least or partially identical to system parameters and/or system parameters can be at least or partially derived from framework parameters, in particular based on a mathematical relationship. Framework parameters can also be parameters or parameter values with which design elements are described and/or dimensioned.
- framework parameters can be manually selected and/or automatically specified via suitable interfaces, such as a computer, monitor and/or terminal.
- suitable interfaces such as a computer, monitor and/or terminal.
- the design elements are positioned on grid nodes and/or in grid node spaces.
- the definition step is carried out using a program module prior to the creation of the CAD model, whereby the definition step includes in particular the following:
- the “determination” can include both the selection according to type and frequency.
- the space segment represents a part or subspace of the space element in which a defined process step takes place, such as a (pure) flow separation, a passage, a mixture, a flow combination (merging).
- a defined process step can take place, such as a reaction, a Flow control, such as flow throttling, slowing down (dwelling step) or acceleration or heat exchange.
- a substance or a mixture of substances flows as a fluid in every segment and in every element and/or every branch of an element.
- an elongated discharge branch of a combination element hereinafter referred to as a "combination element”
- a flow element or a group of discharge branches represent a flow segment, for example.
- an inlet branch or outlet branch of an element that is not a flow element has a defined maximum extension that is a fraction of a dimension of the element or of a space enclosing the element that is not a flow element.
- the diameter of the outlet branch D3 advantageously corresponds to D1/cos (a) and the length of the inlet branch corresponds to a maximum of the length D3/2.
- An advantageous embodiment of a continuously operating flow reactor can, for example, have the following sequence of space segments:
- At least the combined flow and reactor segment is advantageous for at least the combined flow and reactor segment to also be a heat exchange segment. It can be advantageous to also design the combination segment and/or the separation segment as a heat exchange segment.
- At least one flow segment is arranged between two of the aforementioned reactor segments, in which essentially only the respective mixture of substances is passed through, if necessary in combination with a chemical reaction and/or a heat exchange.
- a reactor segment is defined with respect to one of the following two sub-segment types:
- the design elements are accompanied by heat exchanger channels and have at least one common channel wall or a common channel wall section.
- a larger interior space or section is bridged or penetrated by self-supporting lines.
- the design elements designed as pipes or their pipe or line sections are self-supporting and are surrounded by a heat fluid that can flow freely in the interior space and in this way the heat exchange takes place.
- the pipes or lines that penetrate the heat exchanger space can be statically optimized using struts. This static optimization can take place as part of the creation of the primary model, the CAD model and/or as part of a FEM analysis.
- the cavity segment can also be an open section and the cantilevered lines bridge the section and form at least part of a Holding and supporting structure.
- This embodiment can be advantageous if only very little or no heat dissipation is required.
- the reactor segments can advantageously also be combination segments of two or more of the reactor segments mentioned, for example as mentioned above.
- the determination and definition of a reactor segment can also be done implicitly by arranging the respective design elements or sub-design elements in the spatial element via the program module.
- the spatial position can also be done by determining a position of a prominent geometric element of the design element in the reactor element or a reactor segment.
- the geometric element can be, for example, a center point, a center of gravity, an interior center point or an axis of a design element, which are arranged in a Cartesian system, such as a Cartesian x-y-z system.
- the position can also be a sub-area of the spatial element and/or the spatial segment, such as a grid element in which the position can occur.
- the second alignment step can also relate to a spatial area (grid element) in which one or more design elements are or must be arranged with their entire physical extent.
- the second alignment may consist in that all outlet branches of separation elements in a separation segment must be arranged parallel to one another and all inlet branches of combination elements of a spaced-apart combination segment must also be aligned parallel to one another, and furthermore that all connecting flow elements, which are also reactor elements,
- the first alignment also refers to the specific guidance of the heat exchanger fluid relative to the design element in the case of a heat exchanger element. This can be done in cocurrent, countercurrent or cross-flow.
- discharge and inlet are defined in pairs in this way, with only flow elements being arranged between such paired discharges and inlets. In one embodiment, their course is not further defined by the primary model.
- a user or the program module can, for example, make decisions based on experience and/or a look-up table depending on the reaction to be carried out in the apparatus. For example, if it is known that in a highly exothermic addition reaction such as the alkoxylation of an alkoxylate from ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, the reaction calms down considerably after a very short reaction distance and therefore only very little waste heat is generated, the rear part of the reactor in the direction of flow can be largely determined based on symmetry considerations, whereas the central spatial segments, which are critical due to the heat development, are subject to less pre-determination, so that the subsequent simulations can search for optimal solutions in a larger digital space.
- the invention thus also encompasses the use of stored look-up tables and/or trained or trainable ML software when forming the primary model, which in a provision step provides primary model parameters for the creation of the primary model, such as
- system parameters for the CAD software are entered at least partially indirectly in and/or via the program module.
- system parameters which are entered via or in the program module, include in particular the reaction kinetics, fluid mechanics parameters, process engineering parameters and/or geometric parameters.
- the reaction kinetics can also include the energy curve, necessary or possible phase changes and/or necessary or possible pressures/pressure curves.
- the program module can, for example, provide or suggest the specification of permissible temperature ranges, pressure ranges, phase states and/or product masses as parameters.
- process engineering parameters and/or geometric parameters can be entered and/or adjusted by an operator.
- the program module can take the aforementioned parameters from a database or calculate and/or have them provided by means of trained evaluation and analysis software, which is designed, for example, as ML software (machine learning software), DL software (deep learning software) or AI software (artificial intelligence).
- ML software machine learning software
- DL software deep learning software
- AI software artificial intelligence
- an advantage may be that the definition step and/or the generation of the primary model and/or the PMR is carried out by means of an MSO software and/or a program package in a universal, higher programming language, e.g. C++, Python or Rust.
- the MSO software is designed in particular for topology optimization (TO), physical thermodynamic optimization and/or geometric optimization and advantageously has functions for element-based input and via suitable interfaces and/or input units, such as a monitor, keyboard, touch-sensitive monitor, computer mouse and/or computer joystick.
- TO topology optimization
- suitable interfaces and/or input units such as a monitor, keyboard, touch-sensitive monitor, computer mouse and/or computer joystick.
- an advantage may be that the design elements provided can be used as different design element types are formed, comprising at least one piping or flow element and at least one of the following design element types:
- T-combination element in particular T-combination element, Y-combination element or tree-combination element;
- T-separating element in particular T-separating element, Y-separating element or tree-separating element or
- the combination element is used to combine two material flows and for this purpose has at least two inlet branches and at least one outlet branch.
- the T combination element has two inlet branches and one outlet branch, with the two inlet branches each being arranged at a 90° angle to the outlet branch and in alignment with one another.
- the Y combination element this has two inlet branches and one outlet branch, with the two inlet branches forming an angle of 120° to 150° to the outlet branch.
- the tree element is analogously a multiple T or Y combination element, with three or more inlet branches and at least one outlet branch.
- the number of outlet branches is at least one and always one branch less than the number of inlet branches.
- the separating element is used to divide the material into two or more streams and has at least two discharge branches for this purpose.
- the flow is inverted and analogous to the aforementioned combination element.
- the static mixing element is used to mix materials or material flows along a flow channel, in contrast to the mixing that takes place, for example, in the combination element by merging two material flows.
- the mixing element as such is twisted, twisted and/or has flow-guiding elements in the interior, such as flow dividers, static mixing elements, flow breakers, cross-sectional changes.
- the cross-sectional changes can affect changes in the geometry and/or orientation of the cross-sectional area through which the flow can pass.
- the cross-sectional area as an area perpendicular to the main flow direction, hereinafter referred to as the flow direction, can, for example, have a square or oval shape that is twisted around the longitudinal axis.
- the advantage of such a geometry or comparable geometries is that it is very easy to describe mathematically and thus effectively simulated, while at the same time ensuring effective mixing over a short line path.
- the dimension of the cross-sectional area through which the flow can pass can have at least two sizes.
- Another special form of a design element is a star element, which has an identical number of inlet branches and outlet branches.
- an advantage may be that at least one design element is designed as one of the following design element subtypes:
- Control element such as a throttle element or nozzle element
- design element subtypes means that these design elements are basically a combination element, a separation element or a mixed element or can be described as such and additionally have the characteristics of the subtypes mentioned.
- the reactor element is particularly defined by the fact that at least two material streams are brought together, analogous to a combination element, whereby at least two starting materials (reactants) and/or at least one starting material and one auxiliary material are brought together so that a chemical reaction and the synthesis of a product takes place.
- the control element is determined in particular by the fact that it can specifically influence the flow speed and/or the pressure of the flowing fluid, such as a throttle element (diameter reduction on a section), a nozzle element (diameter expansion, diffuser), etc.
- a user can, for example, specifically provide for the injection of a liquid substance (e.g. reactant) into a gaseous substance (mixture) based on the user's existing knowledge. This enables the user to enter key features of the device quickly and in a structured manner.
- a catalyst element is defined by the fact that a coating acting as a catalyst is present on at least one part of the inner surfaces and/or catalyst material is arranged in a bed, internals or packing.
- a coating acting as a catalyst is present on at least one part of the inner surfaces and/or catalyst material is arranged in a bed, internals or packing.
- the required concentration of catalyst material can be specified as a parameter by the user. In this way, the user can predefine the type of reactor. This enables the user to enter the essential characteristics of a reactor quickly and in a structured manner.
- a heat exchange element is determined by the geometry allowing for optimal heat supply or removal.
- a design as a double-shell element can be advantageous, so that a liquid substance (e.g. a cooling medium) can be used as an additional heat transport medium.
- auxiliary material is not to be understood in a restrictive sense and means any substance, including any precursor of a substance, which is formed at least temporarily from at least one starting material.
- the auxiliary material introduced as or with the further material flow can, for example, be a flowable catalyst or a substance that creates reaction-initiating conditions.
- the excipient can, for example,
- ⁇ a solvent with a higher temperature than the material stream carrying the reactant, so that by increasing the temperature in the resulting mixture of substances a temperature level is set that promotes or starts the synthesis and/or
- ⁇ a filler that is inert, flowable or conveyable for the respective synthesis and serves, for example, to improve the rheological properties of the mixture.
- a catalyst element comprises at least one immobile catalyst on a partial length or partial section of the catalyst element.
- the stationary, immobile catalyst is particularly in the form of a catalyst coating on a section of the inner wall and/or on at least one stationary carrier element.
- the catalyst can also be arranged as a shaped body or bed in a fixed position in the catalyst element.
- a WT element is characterized in that, in addition to the material flows and their inherent, introduced energy contents and/or chemical-physical mutual influence through exothermic or endothermic reactions, an external thermal influence is carried out over at least one partial length by an additional heat medium or a heat exchange device.
- This can in particular be auxiliary heating or auxiliary cooling.
- This is preferably a flow channel in which the respective heat medium can flow, such as an aqueous or oil-containing coolant or heating medium.
- the flow channel encloses a channel or channel branch carrying a mixture of substances over at least one partial length.
- a channel or channel branch carrying a mixture of substances is completely enclosed by the heat exchange channel.
- This primary framework structure of the apparatus in which the apparatus is divided into reactor elements and reactor segments, or the secondary framework structure, in which the reactor segments are divided and defined into a defined number of design elements and/or sub-design elements, can be accessed via an input unit from a Operators can do this manually and on the basis of specialist knowledge. Alternatively or additionally, after entering initial conditions, for example, one of the two framework structures can be suggested, which can advantageously be adapted via an input unit.
- the first initial conditions are, for example, the chemical reaction and/or the product, starting from known reactants and catalysts.
- Other initial initial conditions can be, for example, maximum external dimensions or minimum product quantities.
- an advantage may be that
- the output of the CAD model in particular as a sty file, is sent to a program unit for simulating the strength of the apparatus, and
- the program unit for simulating strength is preferably a finite element simulation.
- Strength simulation is used in particular to ensure not only physical feasibility based on the materials selected, external and internal mechanical loads, thermal influences, but also legally or officially required strength and safety requirements.
- a strength simulation can show that a potentially positive flow structure cannot be implemented for strength reasons and that modified flow paths with possibly greater spacing must be selected in order to enable a correspondingly larger, safer wall thickness.
- the design data set is output to a storage unit and/or program unit of a control program of an additive manufacturing device.
- the generation of the models can be carried out at least in part by a computer and/or a distributed (computer) system comprising more than one computer or processor.
- the two or more computers of the distributed system are advantageously connected to one another via wired or wireless data transmission.
- the required data storage devices can be directly or indirectly part of the distributed system.
- the design data set is at least in part the control data set for the operation of the production device for the apparatus.
- an advantage may be that the generation of the design data set takes place at least partially in one of the following software units or program packages:
- an advantage may be that the design elements are predefined digital design element models which are partially mathematically described by means of a defined algorithm and mind, a defined design element parameter mind, and stored in a data memory.
- an advantage may be that the predefined design element model and/or the defined algorithm has a reduced dimensionality.
- the primary model and/or the design elements or the design element models advantageously have a limited dimensionality.
- the limited dimensionality particularly affects the limitation of the permissible geometries, dimensions, heat and mass flows.
- the limited dimensionality particularly affects the simplification of the mathematical equation(s) geometrically describing the design element (shape equations) and/or the mathematical equation(s) chemically or physically describing the material system (material equations), particularly the Material equations for the mathematical description of the flow, the respective iron reaction, the temperature and/or the heat transfer.
- this limited dimensionality of the design elements is transferred to the CAD software via the primary model.
- the restricted dimensionality also affects the definition of the twist and/or the degree of penetration.
- the twist and/or wrap of two design elements is defined as part of the primary model creation.
- the penetration, twist and/or wrap of a design element such as a reactor element, a combination element or a separating element with the subtype of a heat exchange element is defined with regard to the geometry of the heat exchange channel.
- the degree of wrap (min.-max.) of a flow branch of a design element in particular in the range of at least 180° to 360° and/or at least a common partition wall, in the case of non-circular flow branches (Z-channels).
- the design elements and the primary model derived from them advantageously facilitate official approval processes because similar devices of different sizes or performance classes are structurally more similar to one another in the final design based on a CAD model thanks to the comparable primary model.
- the technical design of a laboratory reactor that is very small in every respect (continuous, a few liters/hour) for a highly exothermic reaction with a multiple internal interwoven channel structure for the reaction mixture and heat exchange medium cannot be transferred to an industrial-scale reactor (several tons/day).
- transferability is much easier in the event of size changes, for example.
- the restricted dimensionality also includes a restricted parameterizability, so that, for example,
- a further advantageous embodiment of the method provides that in the definition step at least one sensor holder or at least one group of sensor holders is determined.
- the determination of a sensor holder advantageously includes the specification of the sensor or sensor type and/or the measurement location.
- an advantage may be to provide the following:
- test step in which the manufactured apparatus is operated for at least a period of time, in particular is operated as intended, and sensor data is recorded by means of at least one sensor and fed to an evaluation unit, and in which
- the recorded sensor data is evaluated and based on the result of the evaluation, the CAD model of the manufactured and tested device
- At least one test step of the apparatus to be manufactured shall include a sensor holder and/or a first group of sensor holders, and
- a different sensor holder and/or a different group of It can be particularly advantageous and speed up the creation of the final CAD model and the manufacture of the device if a smaller number of sensor holders are required for the device defined as final.
- a somewhat excessive number of sensors can be provided as a precaution and for maximum safety until sufficient certainty has been empirically achieved with regard to the technical design of the device.
- only the sensors that are required for the safe operation and control of the device are provided for the final CAD model, which forms the basis for the production data set.
- “as intended” means that the device is operated under the chemical and physical conditions, including the actual chemical reaction, that are intended and/or expected.
- the device can also be operated “not as intended”, for example by only having a single, non-reacting fluid or mixture of substances flow through it in order to only record the actual heat transport from the reaction elements to the heat exchange medium and by sensors.
- An advantageous method may consist in assigning a defined, adapted suitability as final suitability to an apparatus that was not defined as final in the test step within the framework of this test step or a subsequent test step.
- adapted suitability means that the relevant process and procedure parameters are provided under which the device can be operated. This has the great advantage that the device that has already been manufactured and measured using the sensors does not have to be scrapped, but can be used for a practical, advantageous operation to manufacture products.
- the limited suitability can, for example, relate to a limitation of the amount of substance (reactants) per unit of time and/or an increased heat exchange capacity.
- an advantage may be that at least one simulation and/or one model is evaluated and, depending on the result of the evaluation, the simulation or model is created at least one more time, i.e. at least twice, after targeted, automatic and/or deterministic modification of at least one parameter of a preceding (process) step of the respective simulation or the respective model is carried out again in order to improve an apparatus (100) and/or the model, in particular CAD model, for an apparatus (100) with regard to at least one technical parameter, wherein
- the evaluated simulation is a strength simulation, a flow simulation and/or a thermodynamic simulation and
- the model evaluated is the primary model, the CAD model and/or the design data set.
- evaluation and “at least one further implementation” mean that, for example, technical weaknesses, defects and/or risks identified by the simulation, as well as any undershooting of official or legally required limit values, are targeted by the user in a further definition step, for example, by changing a corresponding parameter of a design element and thus the primary model (second primary model) and the CAD model created from it (second CAD model).
- the suggestion or input of changed (at least one) parameters can also be made available automatically by the MSO software, the respective simulation software or another suitable software or program package.
- Changes to mind, a parameter in mind, an upstream process step are made in a targeted, automatic and deterministic manner in that, based on the identified defects or weaknesses, mind, a parameter is specifically changed (defined) in order to improve, in particular optimize, the respective simulation and/or the affected model with regard to precisely this defect or weakness.
- the automation can be achieved through a software-based display and/or user guidance, which can be a textual or color display, for example.
- the display is advantageously made through a textual display of the mind, a parameter to be changed and/or Suggestion (display) of the new, changed parameter. This is particularly advantageous in the view mode of the respective model-building or simulation-creating software. If there is a suitable software or data interface between the respective model-building or simulation-creating software and the MSO software, at least one parameter is used directly and specifically to create an improved primary model and subsequently an improved, defect-free model and/or simulation result.
- a new primary model or a new CAD model can be created, after adjusting at least one relevant parameter.
- the method can advantageously be improved in such a way that advantageous measuring points for monitoring and safe operation of the device are identified and the associated sensor holders can be provided in the primary model for a test step and/or a device defined as final.
- This increases the safety of the final device and its operation, in addition to accelerating development through significantly shortened simulation and/or model creation steps, in particular significantly shortened creation times of the final, optimal CAD model and the manufacturing data set derived from it for a device.
- the invention further comprises a manufacturing method for producing an apparatus by means of an additive manufacturing method and an additive manufacturing device, wherein the additive manufacturing device is designed by means of a design data set is controlled, and wherein the design data set is based on a CAD model that was created according to a method that is designed according to one of the aforementioned embodiments or variants.
- based means in particular that the design data set is a direct derivation or essential subset of the CAD model and/or was generated from it.
- an advantage can be that the apparatus is suitable for managing a material system with at least two material streams, in particular a reactor for synthesizing at least one product from at least one starting material (educt) and at least one material stream.
- an advantage may be that the additive manufacturing process is a laser-induced powder melting process.
- the apparatus is a reactor taken from the following group: tubular reactor, reactor with reaction and heat exchange channels or
- Heat exchange rooms continuous reactor, column with at least one intermediate floor.
- the invention also relates to a storage medium which has an executable program or program module for at least partially carrying out a computer-implemented method for producing a CAD model and/or a design data set, wherein
- the design data set was generated on the basis of the computer-implemented method according to one of the embodiments or variants described herein.
- the solution according to the invention is described in detail below using exemplary embodiments. They show:
- Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of the process as a block flow diagram
- Fig. 2 a second embodiment of the process as a block flow diagram
- Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of the process as a schematic flow diagram
- Fig. 4 in four partial representations design elements in a perspective view.
- the computer-implemented method shown in Figure 1 comprises a definition step 200 for creating a primary model for an apparatus 100, an input step of system parameters 210, two data memories 250, 260, a CAD creation step 300, an input step of system parameters 310, an output step 350 of the CAD model, two gates G, a manufacturing step 400 and the creation of the manufacturing data set 401 for the manufacturing device, which in the present case is a laser-induced 3D powder bed printing process.
- first system parameters 210 are entered into an MSO software via an input module, on the basis of which further system parameters are obtained from the database 260.
- the first system parameters 210 entered by a user are the reaction, here a Baeyer-Villinger oxidation, and the desired product quantities per unit of time.
- the MSO software is connected to the database 262, which includes and provides further relevant system parameters for creating the primary model on the basis of corresponding dependencies.
- the MSO software is also connected to the database 262, which includes a plurality of parameterizable design elements 220 (Fig. 4).
- the design elements 220 are predefined and allow only a very limited number of parameter changes, such as parameter changes to adjust channel diameters and channel lengths.
- the primary model 202 created in the definition step 200 comprises complete sets of descriptive differential equations for the geometries and the intended operation of the apparatus 100, here the highly exothermic Baeyer-Villinger oxidation, where the apparatus 100 is a continuous reactor.
- the sets of differential equations and/or algebraic equations describe mathematically:
- the energy flows from released energies from the exothermic reaction and the energies to be dissipated via WT media and
- the sets of differential equations thus also include the predefined design elements 220 (Fig. 4) and their arrangement in a spatial element 250, as well as spatial segments 252 and/or defined grid nodes 254 therein.
- the primary model 202 is provided by the MSO software and used as a system parameter by the CAD software in the CAD creation step 300.
- a user enters further system parameters 310 via an interface (not shown) in preparation for the CAD creation step 300.
- the created CAD model 302 is provided by the CAD software and transferred to the operating and control software of the manufacturing device 420, which generates a manufacturing data set based thereon in a creation step 410.
- a first gate G1 is provided after the CAD output and evaluation step 350. If an undesirable deviation from specifications is detected in the CAD model 302 in the CAD output and evaluation step 350, this CAD model 302 is provided in whole or in extracts, in particular with regard to the impermissible deviations, as a system parameter 210 for a further, adapted definition step 200 or as a system parameter 310 for a further, adapted CAD creation step 300.
- an evaluation can be carried out which, depending on the type and/or severity of the inadmissible deviation, requires the initiation of a further CAD creation step 300 or a further definition step 200 with a subsequent CAD creation step 300.
- an inadmissible deviation with regard to equipment strength is fed back to the CAD creation step 300 through the second gate G2, all other inadequate or borderline deviations are fed back to the definition step 200 as subsequent, supplementary simulation parameters. This is followed by a new CAD creation step 300.
- the method according to Fig. 2 has the following, analogous to the example according to Fig. 1: a definition step 200 for creating a primary model for an apparatus 100, an input step of system parameters 210, two data memories 260, 262, a CAD creation step 300, an input step of system parameters 310, an output step 350 of the CAD model, Gates G, a manufacturing step 400 and the creation of the manufacturing data set 401 for the manufacturing device, which in the present case is a laser-induced 3D powder bed printing process.
- a simulation and evaluation step takes place, in this case an FEM simulation 500, which is followed by a gate G3.
- an operating step 600 takes place in which the apparatus 100n is operated, in particular operated as intended or largely as intended. This operating step 600 is followed by a further gate G4.
- the computer-implemented method of Fig. 2 further comprises the integration of an evaluation and analysis unit 450, in which in particular the relevant system parameters, the primary model, the CAD model, the result data set of the FEM simulation 500, the production data set and/or the measurement data from the operating step 600 are recorded and evaluated.
- the evaluation and analysis unit 450 is designed as AI software (artificial intelligence software), can at least partially comprise a neural network or can carry out data analysis and create results using a neural network.
- the operating step 600 thus represents a test step 460.
- the evaluation and analysis unit 450 makes the result data available to one or both data storage devices 260, 262, as indicated by the dot-dash lines and arrows.
- the evaluation and analysis software 450 can also be designed and connected accordingly (not shown) to select and/or suggest system parameters in the definition step, in the CAD creation step and/or in the creation step of the production data set 410.
- the gates G1-4 each have analogous functions, namely to initiate a next iteration step when a target value or target value range is undershot or exceeded.
- the device 100n+1 is the final device, which is designed according to a target specification and does not need to be subjected to any further iteration step, or whose primary model, CAD model and production data set correspond to the target specification.
- the manufacturing data set 410 for the manufacturing device 420 is created in the manufacturing step 400, whereby alternatively the manufacturing data set 410 is at least partially created by the CAD software as part of the CAD creation 300.
- the method in Fig. 2 can be further developed by making the final device 100n+1 not identical to the already usable device 100n, using an n+1 primary model, an n+1 CAD model and/or n+1 production data set.
- elements, attachments and/or in particular sensor mounts can be changed and adapted that were only (additionally) provided for temporary analysis and development purposes, such as a large number of measuring points and sensor mounts that are completely superfluous in normal operation.
- mechanical fastening and holding structures for external attachment can be provided for the device 100n+1, which are irrelevant for the design and would, for example, make the production step 400 more complicated and time-consuming.
- each of the steps mentioned is carried out with a computer or by a distributed computer system or network on which software and/or program structure suitable for the respective step can be executed.
- the computers and the data storage devices can also be connected to one another in a data-conducting manner via wired and/or wireless communication networks.
- the data storage devices are in particular non-volatile memories and can be fully or partially integrated into a computer.
- Figure 3 shows an embodiment of the steps for simulating a flow tube reactor for the alkoxylation (synthesis) of an alkoxylate from the two reactants ethylene oxide (EO) in the first material stream and alkylphenol in the second material stream with premixed multimetal cyanide complex catalyst or alkali and alkaline earth metal hydroxide catalyst, comprising a definition step 200 and the CAD creation step.
- EO ethylene oxide
- the definition step 200 can be divided into two sub-phases I, II and comprises a basic input step 150 in which the aforementioned synthesis and/or its essential parameters and, if applicable, further basic inputs, such as the desired production capacity in kg/s, are determined by a user, i.e. entered in the program module or the MSO software there.
- the other basic inputs were: material parameters to describe the thermodynamic behavior of the material system, specifications of the reactant mass flows with regard to pressure, temperature, mass flow and composition, selection of the design element types to be considered in the optimization, space element constraints, determination of the desired discretization fineness of the algebra or differential equations.
- the definition step 200 is two-phased and includes in subphase I
- step 242 of determining the dimensions of the design elements 220 shown using the example of a separating element 226, in which only the length L of the inlet branch and the identical diameter D of the outlet branches 236 are available for parameterization and
- step 244 of arranging the design elements 220 relative to one another so that at the end of the first stage of the definition step 200 a first metastructure of the continuous reactor is formed, in which all parameterizable dimensions of the design elements 220 as well as the assignment of exit openings 232 to inlet openings 230 and connecting flow elements 222 are defined.
- thermodynamic optimization is carried out, which is not shown in Figure 3.
- the geometric optimization is carried out by arranging the aforementioned design elements 220 of the defined first metastructure in the provided cuboid-shaped spatial element 250.
- the following five spatial segments 252 were proposed by the MSO software: an inlet segment arranged on the left, a combination segment, a flow and reaction segment arranged in the middle and a discharge segment arranged on the right. Furthermore, the MSO software arranged the associated design elements 220 in the spatial segments 252 provided for them.
- the flow elements 222 are longer in the longitudinal extension (x-direction) than the longitudinal extension (x-direction) of the flow segment in order to provide a sufficient reaction time, so that no twist-free, straight connection between separating elements 226 and combination elements 224 is possible.
- the determination and simulation of the optimal geometry takes place subsequently during the creation of the CAD model 302.
- the spatial optimization in the second stage of the definition step 200 in addition to the positioning of the design elements 220 on the grid nodes 254 of the spatial element 250 or the grid segments 252, in particular the position and orientation of supply and discharge lines in their position and spatial orientation in order to take into account neighboring components if necessary.
- the primary model 202 is finally created and the primary model report 204 (PMR) is provided for adoption by the CAD software for the CAD creation step 300.
- the PMR 204 is a txt file and includes the solutions of the relevant equations as well as the permissible limits of remaining variables.
- the PMR 204 created in the program module with the MSO software already includes all the required input data for the creation step 300 of the CAD model 302 for the apparatus 100, so that the MSO software transmits the PMR 204 directly to the CAD software, which creates a CAD model 302 based on this.
- the CAD model 302 includes intertwined and crossing flow elements 222, whereby these design elements 220 do not penetrate one another or change in any other internal or external geometry, since this degree of freedom is not permitted in the design elements 220 with reduced dimensionality.
- the CAD software used in the CAD creation step 300 which creates an exportable .sty file as a CAD model 302.
- Fig. 4 three basic forms of design elements 220 are shown, the flow element 222 in part I, a combination element 224, as a Y-combination element, in part II, and a division element 226, as a Y-division element, in part III.
- Partial image IV shows a further dividing element 226 in the form of a T-dividing element. All design elements 220 have, according to definition, one or more inlet openings 230 and one or more outlet openings 232, so that the flow direction is determined by this. It is understood that the design element 220 shown in partial image IV represents a T-combination element when the definition of the openings 230, 232 is inverted, as is the case for the design elements in partial images II and III.
- the dividing elements 226 each have one inlet branch 234 and two
- discharge branches 236 and the combination elements 224 each have two inlet branches 234 and one discharge branch 236.
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Abstract
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| EP24730371.2A EP4724932A1 (de) | 2023-06-07 | 2024-06-04 | Computer-implementiertes verfahren zur herstellung eines cad-modells eines apparates und additives fertigungsverfahren eines apparates |
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| EP23177960 | 2023-06-07 | ||
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| WO2024251698A1 true WO2024251698A1 (de) | 2024-12-12 |
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Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102015115409A1 (de) | 2015-07-09 | 2017-01-12 | Choren Industrietechnik GmbH | Verfahren zur Gestaltung von fluiddurchströmten Bauteilen |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102015115409A1 (de) | 2015-07-09 | 2017-01-12 | Choren Industrietechnik GmbH | Verfahren zur Gestaltung von fluiddurchströmten Bauteilen |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| BIEDERMANN, M., MEBOLDT, M.: "Computational design synthesis of additive manufactured multi-flow nozzles", ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, vol. 35, 2020, pages 101231 |
| CAPEL, A. J.RIMINGTON, R. P.LEWIS, M. P.CHRISTIE, S. D.: "3D printing for chemical, pharmaceutical and biological applications", NATURE REVIEWS CHEMISTRY, vol. 2, no. 12, 2018, pages 422 - 436, XP036653515, DOI: 10.1038/s41570-018-0058-y |
| KAYA, U., GOPIREDDY, S., URBANETZ, N., NOPENS, I., & VERWAEREN, J.: "Predicting the hydrodynamic properties of a bioreactor: Conditional density estimation as a surrogate model for CFD simulations", CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND DESIGN, vol. 182, 2022, pages 342 - 359, XP087069785, DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.03.042 |
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