WO2024251216A1 - 用于车辆的弹射座椅及具有其的车辆 - Google Patents

用于车辆的弹射座椅及具有其的车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024251216A1
WO2024251216A1 PCT/CN2024/097856 CN2024097856W WO2024251216A1 WO 2024251216 A1 WO2024251216 A1 WO 2024251216A1 CN 2024097856 W CN2024097856 W CN 2024097856W WO 2024251216 A1 WO2024251216 A1 WO 2024251216A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
seat
ejection
upper seat
guide rail
restraint
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2024/097856
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙雨
辛宇威
瞿元
王志超
刘向红
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Chery Automobile Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Chery Automobile Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Chery Automobile Co Ltd filed Critical Chery Automobile Co Ltd
Publication of WO2024251216A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024251216A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/24—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles
    • B60N2/42—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles the seat constructed to protect the occupant from the effect of abnormal g-forces, e.g. crash or safety seats
    • B60N2/427—Seats or parts thereof displaced during a crash
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D25/00—Emergency apparatus or devices, not otherwise provided for
    • B64D25/08—Ejecting or escaping means
    • B64D25/10—Ejector seats

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of vehicle safety, and in particular to an ejection seat for a vehicle and a vehicle having the ejection seat.
  • Flying cars are a new type of vehicle that can fly in the air and drive on land, which greatly improves the vehicle's ability to pass.
  • the safety of flying cars is a technical problem that needs to be solved.
  • the present application provides an ejection seat for a vehicle and a vehicle having the ejection seat.
  • the present application provides an ejection seat for a vehicle, the ejection seat comprising:
  • a seat body comprising an upper seat and a lower seat arranged up and down;
  • an ejection mechanism the ejection mechanism being disposed between the upper seat and the lower seat;
  • a guide rail wherein the guide rail is arranged on one of the upper seat and the lower seat, and the angle of the guide rail relative to the other of the upper seat and the lower seat is adjustable, the other of the upper seat and the lower seat is slidably matched with the guide rail, and the upper seat and the lower seat move relatively along the extension direction of the guide rail when the ejection mechanism is working;
  • An environmental sensor is arranged on the upper seat and is used to detect whether there is an obstacle in the extension direction of the guide rail.
  • the ejection seat for a vehicle can use the ejection mechanism to eject the driver and passengers when an accident occurs in the vehicle.
  • a guide rail is arranged between the upper seat and the lower seat. After the ejection mechanism is activated, the upper seat and the lower seat will move relative to each other along the extension direction of the guide rail. When the lower seat is fixed in the vehicle, the upper seat will eject the driver and passengers to the outside of the vehicle to escape.
  • the extension direction of the guide rail determines the ejection direction of the upper seat.
  • the environmental sensor can be used to detect whether there is an obstacle in the ejection direction of the upper seat, and then the ejection mechanism can be activated. This can prevent the driver and passengers from colliding with obstacles during the ejection process, and can determine a safe ejection direction based on the detection results, thereby improving the safety and escape probability of the driver and passengers in the upper seats.
  • a guide groove is formed on the other of the upper seat and the lower seat, and the guide rail is slidably connected to the guide groove.
  • the guide rail is disposed on the lower seat, and the guide rail is pivotally connected to the lower seat.
  • the upper seat includes a backrest portion and a cushion portion, which enclose a seating space; the guide rail is arranged or matched inside the backrest portion, or is arranged or matched on the back side of the backrest portion facing away from the seating space.
  • the seat cushion is located on top of the lower seat, and the ejection mechanism is located between the seat cushion portion and the lower seat.
  • the ejection seat further includes a driving device, which is connected to the guide rail, and the driving device is used to adjust the extension direction of the guide rail according to the detection result fed back by the environmental sensor.
  • the ejection seat further comprises: a restraint device, which is disposed on the upper seat and is used to restrain and fix the driver and passenger on the upper seat.
  • the restraint device includes a leg restraint component, a first restraint component, and a second restraint component;
  • the position of the leg restraint component corresponds to the legs of the driver and passenger, and is used to restrain and fix the legs of the driver and passenger;
  • the position of the first restraint component corresponds to the torso of the driver and passenger, and is used to restrain and fix the torso of the driver and passenger;
  • the position of the second restraint component corresponds to the waist and abdomen of the driver and passenger, and is used to restrain and fix the waist and abdomen of the driver and passenger.
  • the restraint device has a first restraint mode and a second restraint mode, and the restraint force of the first restraint mode is less than the restraint force of the second restraint mode; during normal driving of the vehicle, the restraint device operates in the first restraint mode, and during the vehicle ejection escape process, the restraint device switches to the second restraint mode.
  • the ejection seat also includes a connecting mechanism, which is connected between the upper seat and the lower seat.
  • the connecting mechanism is used to lock the upper seat to the lower seat during normal driving of the vehicle and unlock the upper seat during the vehicle ejection escape process so that the upper seat moves relative to the lower seat along the extension direction of the guide rail.
  • the connecting mechanism includes a first connecting mechanism and a first separating mechanism, the first connecting mechanism is connected between the lower seat and the upper seat, and is used to lock the lower seat and the upper seat to each other; the first separating mechanism is connected to the first connecting mechanism, and the first separating mechanism is used to control the first connecting mechanism to unlock the lower seat and the upper seat from each other.
  • the ejection seat further includes a stabilizing parachute box, in which a stabilizing parachute is stored; the stabilizing parachute box is disposed on the upper seat, and the stabilizing parachute box is used to eject the stabilizing parachute after the upper seat is separated from the lower seat.
  • the ejection seat further includes an air storage component, wherein the air storage component is connected to the stabilizing parachute box, and the air storage component is used to deliver high-pressure gas to the stabilizing parachute box to eject the stabilizing parachute from the stabilizing parachute box.
  • the ejection seat further comprises a parachute box, in which a parachute is stored, the parachute box is fixed to the top of the upper seat, and the parachute box is used to eject the parachute after the upper seat is separated from the lower seat.
  • the ejection seat includes a restraint device, which includes a first restraint mode and a second restraint mode.
  • the restraint device is connected to the parachute in the parachute box, and after the parachute is opened, it drives the restraint device to switch from the first restraint mode to the second restraint mode.
  • the present application provides a vehicle including the ejection seat described in the present application.
  • FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of an ejection seat according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG2 is a front view of an ejection seat according to one embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG3 is a side view of an ejection seat according to one embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG4 is a rear view of an ejection seat according to one embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a state in which an upper seat is in the air according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a connection mechanism according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the present embodiment provides an ejection seat 1 for a vehicle, the ejection seat 1 comprising: a seat body, the seat body comprising an upper seat 12 and a lower seat 11 arranged in an upper and lower manner; an ejection mechanism 13, the ejection mechanism 13 being arranged between the upper seat 12 and the lower seat 11; a guide rail 14, the guide rail 14 being arranged on one of the upper seat 12 and the lower seat 11, and the angle of the guide rail 14 relative to the other of the upper seat 12 and the lower seat 11 being adjustable, the other of the upper seat 12 and the lower seat 11 being slidably matched with the guide rail 14, and the upper seat 12 and the lower seat 11 being relatively moved along the extension direction of the guide rail 14 when the ejection mechanism 13 is working; an environmental sensor 16, the environmental sensor 16 being arranged on the upper seat 12, and the environmental sensor 16 being used to detect whether there is an obstacle in the extension direction of the guide rail 14.
  • the ejection seat 1 for a vehicle can use an ejection mechanism 13 to eject and escape when an accident occurs in the vehicle.
  • a guide rail 14 is arranged between the upper seat 12 and the lower seat 11. After the ejection mechanism 13 is activated, the upper seat 12 and the lower seat 11 will move relative to each other along the extension direction of the guide rail 14. When the lower seat 11 is fixed in the vehicle, the upper seat 12 will eject and escape with the driver and the passenger outside the vehicle.
  • the extension direction of the guide rail 14 determines the ejection direction of the upper seat 12.
  • the environmental sensor 16 can be used to detect whether there are obstacles in the ejection direction of the upper seat 12, thereby preventing the driver and the passenger from colliding with the obstacles during the ejection process, and can determine a safe ejection direction based on the detection result, thereby improving the safety of the upper seat 12. The safety of the passengers and the probability of escape.
  • the guide rail 14 is disposed on the lower seat 11 , and the angle of the guide rail 14 relative to the upper seat 12 is adjustable, and the upper seat 12 is slidably matched with the guide rail 14 .
  • the guide rail 14 is disposed on the upper seat 12 , and the angle of the guide rail 14 relative to the lower seat 11 is adjustable, and the lower seat 11 is slidably matched with the guide rail 14 .
  • the ejection seat 1 for a vehicle includes: a seat body, a connecting mechanism, an ejection mechanism 13, a guide rail 14 and an environmental sensor 16.
  • the seat body includes an upper seat 12 and a lower seat 11 arranged in an upper and lower manner; the ejection mechanism 13 is arranged between the upper seat 12 and the lower seat 11; the guide rail 14 is arranged on the lower seat 11, and the angle of the guide rail 14 relative to the lower seat 11 is adjustable.
  • the upper seat 12 cooperates with the guide rail 14 and is used to move along the extension direction of the guide rail 14 during ejection; the environmental sensor 16 is arranged on the upper seat 12, and the environmental sensor 16 is used to detect whether there is a foreign object in the ejection direction and adjust the angle of the guide rail 14 relative to the lower seat 11 according to the detection result.
  • the ejection seat 1 is mainly composed of a seat body, a connecting mechanism, an ejection mechanism 13, a guide rail 14 and an environmental sensor 16.
  • the seat body includes an upper seat 12 and a lower seat 11.
  • the lower seat 11 is arranged on the vehicle floor and fixedly connected to the vehicle floor to realize the connection between the ejection seat 1 and the vehicle.
  • the upper seat 12 is arranged above the lower seat 11.
  • the upper seat 12 and the lower seat 11 are connected by a connecting mechanism.
  • An ejection mechanism 13 is also arranged between the upper seat 12 and the lower seat 11. The driver and passenger can control the optional disconnection or connection of the connecting mechanism.
  • the connecting mechanism can ensure that the upper seat 12 and the lower seat 11 will not be separated, ensuring the normal riding requirements of the ejection seat 1 in this application.
  • the driver and passenger can control the disconnection of the connecting mechanism so that the upper seat 12 and the lower seat 11 are separated from each other, ensuring that the ejection mechanism 13 can eject the upper seat 12 out of the vehicle body.
  • the guide rail 14 is arranged on the lower seat 11, and the free end of the guide rail 14 is arranged in the upper seat 12 and extends along the tilt direction of the backrest of the upper seat 12.
  • the guide rail 14 can adjust the angle of the upper seat 12 relative to the lower seat 11.
  • the environmental sensor 16 is arranged on the upper seat 12.
  • the environmental sensor 16 can be used to detect whether there is an obstacle in the external environment. When the vehicle has an accident, the environmental sensor 16 starts to detect whether there is an obstacle in the ejection direction of the upper seat 12, and adjusts the angle of the guide rail 14 relative to the lower seat 11 according to the detected result, thereby changing the ejection direction of the upper seat 12, so that the ejection direction of the upper seat 12 avoids obstacles in the external environment.
  • the obstacles may be buildings, power transmission lines, trees, etc., or they may be mountains, flying birds, etc., thereby avoiding or reducing the impact damage suffered by the occupants during the escape process of riding the ejection seat 1, ensuring the safety of the occupants in the upper seat 12, and improving the reliability and safety of the ejection seat 1. All nature.
  • the driver and passengers can control the connection mechanism to disconnect, so that the upper seat 12 and the lower seat 11 are separated from each other, and the environmental sensor 16 begins to detect whether there are obstacles in the ejection direction of the upper seat 12, and adjusts the angle of the guide rail 14 relative to the lower seat 11 according to the detection result, thereby changing the ejection direction of the upper seat 12, and the ejection mechanism 13 ejects the upper seat 12 with the adjusted angle out of the vehicle body, thereby avoiding casualties caused by collision with obstacles during the escape process, and improving the safety of the driver and passengers in the upper seat 12.
  • the environmental sensor 16 is at least one of an infrared sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a laser sensor, and a proximity sensor. All of the above sensors can detect obstacles in at least one target direction, so that it can be determined whether the ejection direction of the ejection seat 1 is safe, and then a safe ejection direction without obstacles can be determined to ensure the safety of the driver and passengers.
  • a guide groove 17 is formed on the other of the upper seat 12 and the lower seat 11, and the guide rail 14 is slidably connected to the guide groove 17.
  • the guide rail 14 By utilizing the sliding fit between the guide rail 14 and the guide groove 17 , the guide rail 14 has a better guiding effect, and can ensure that the upper seat 12 and the lower seat 11 can move relative to each other stably and reliably along the extension direction of the guide rail 14 when the ejection mechanism 13 is working.
  • the guide rail 14 is disposed on the lower seat 11, and the guide groove 17 is disposed on the upper seat 12.
  • the upper seat 12 can be ejected outward relative to the lower seat 11.
  • the guide rail 14 is disposed on the lower seat 11, and the guide groove 17 is disposed on the upper seat 12, which is conducive to reducing the weight of the upper seat 12, increasing the ejection distance of the ejection mechanism 13, and thus increasing the escape probability of the passengers.
  • the guide rail 14 needs to be exposed to the outside.
  • the guide rail 14 is disposed on the upper seat 12, the crew may be accidentally injured by the guide rail 14, and the guide rail 14 may also increase the landing difficulty of the upper seat 12.
  • the upper seat 12 only needs to be arranged with a recessed guide groove 17, which reduces the weight of the upper seat 12 and reduces the sharp structure exposed to the outside of the upper seat 12, thereby improving the safety of the crew members.
  • a guide groove 17 is formed on the upper seat 12, and the guide rail 14 is pivotally arranged on the lower seat 11, and the angle of the guide rail 14 relative to the lower seat 11 in the front-to-back direction is adjustable.
  • the guide rail 14 can adjust its direction relative to the lower seat 11 to change the ejection direction of the upper seat 12 , thereby preventing the occupants from colliding with obstacles during the escape process and causing casualties, thereby improving the safety of the occupants in the upper seat 12 .
  • the upper seat 12 includes a backrest portion 121 and a cushion portion 122, and the backrest portion 121 and the cushion portion 122 enclose a seating space 123; the guide rail 14 is arranged or cooperated with the inside of the backrest portion 121, or is arranged or cooperated with the back side of the backrest portion 121 facing away from the seating space 123.
  • the guide rail 14 can be arranged or slidably matched with the backrest 121 of the upper seat 12, making full use of the inner space or back space of the backrest 121.
  • the backrest 121 of the upper seat 12 is relatively high, and there is enough space to arrange the guide rail 14, which is conducive to reducing the difficulty of arranging the guide rail 14.
  • the cushion portion 122 is located on the top of the lower seat 11, and the ejection mechanism 13 is located between the cushion portion 122 and the lower seat 11.
  • the weight of the driver and passenger is basically applied to the cushion portion 122, that is, the cushion portion 122 basically bears the entire weight of the driver and passenger, and the center of gravity of the upper seat 12 carrying the driver and passenger is basically located above the cushion portion 122. Therefore, the ejection mechanism 13 is arranged below the cushion portion 122.
  • a guide groove 17 that slides with the guide rail 14 is provided inside the backrest 121.
  • the guide groove 17 is formed inside the backrest 121 of the upper seat 12.
  • the guide rail 14 is made of a high-strength and wear-resistant metal material and can bear a large load.
  • the guide rail 14 is arranged in the guide groove 17, which can also play a certain supporting role for the backrest of the upper seat 12.
  • the guide rail 14 has a straight and smooth surface.
  • the guide rail 14 cooperates with the guide groove 17 to ensure the accuracy of the ejection direction and position of the upper seat 12 along the extension direction of the guide rail 14 during ejection.
  • the guide rail 14 is arranged on the lower seat 11.
  • the guide rail 14 can adjust the angle of the backrest of the upper seat 12 relative to the lower seat 11 in the front and rear directions, so that the guide rail 14 can change the ejection direction of the upper seat 12 according to the information detected by the environmental sensor 16, thereby avoiding the collision of the upper seat 12 with obstacles in the external environment and ensuring the life safety of the driver and passengers.
  • the ejection seat 1 further includes a driving device 15 , which is connected to the guide rail 14 , and the driving device 15 is used to adjust the extension direction of the guide rail 14 according to the detection result fed back by the environmental sensor 16 .
  • a driving device 15 is also provided in the lower seat 11, and the output end of the driving device 15 is connected to the input end of the rotating shaft, and the output end of the rotating shaft is connected to the guide rail 14.
  • the environmental sensor 16 starts to detect whether there is an obstacle in the ejection direction of the upper seat 12.
  • the driving device 15 drives the rotating shaft to rotate according to the result detected by the environmental sensor 16, and the rotating shaft drives the guide rail 14 to rotate relatively.
  • the guide rail 14 drives the backrest of the upper seat 12 to rotate relatively, thereby adjusting the angle of the backrest of the upper seat 12 relative to the lower seat 11, changing the ejection direction of the upper seat 12, and allowing the upper seat 12 to avoid obstacles in the external environment, avoiding or reducing the injuries suffered by the occupants during the escape process, ensuring the safety of the occupants in the upper seat 12, and improving the reliability and safety of the ejection seat 1.
  • the ejection seat 1 further includes a restraint device, which is disposed on the upper seat 12 and is used to restrain and fix the driver and passenger to the upper seat 12.
  • the restraint device can be used as a seat belt during normal vehicle driving, and can restrain and fix the driver and passenger to the upper seat 12 during ejection escape, preventing the driver and passenger from being thrown out by the strong ejection force and causing personal injury.
  • the restraint device in combination with Figures 1 to 3, includes a leg restraint component 201, a first restraint component 202 and a second restraint component 203.
  • the leg restraint component 201 is arranged at one end of the seat pan of the upper seat 12 facing the occupant, and the position of the leg restraint component 201 corresponds to the legs of the occupant.
  • a receiving cavity is formed in the leg restraint component 201 for receiving at least part of the legs of the occupant, and the legs of the occupant are restrained and fixed in the receiving cavity to limit the movement of the legs of the occupant; the position of the first restraint component 202 corresponds to the torso of the occupant.
  • the first restraint component 202 can be constructed as two, and the two first restraint components 202 are arranged at intervals on one side of the backrest seating space 123 of the upper seat 12, and are used to restrain and fix the torso of the driver and passenger in the upper seat 12 to limit the movement of the torso of the driver and passenger; the position of the second restraint component 203 corresponds to the waist and abdomen of the driver and passenger, and the second restraint component 203 is arranged in the seat basin (that is, the cushion part 122) of the upper seat 12, and is used to restrain and fix the waist and abdomen of the driver and passenger in the upper seat 12, further limiting the movement of the driver and passenger.
  • the seat basin that is, the cushion part 122
  • the restraint device includes a first restraint mode and a second restraint mode, and the restraint force of the first restraint mode is less than the restraint force of the second restraint mode; during normal driving of the vehicle, the restraint device operates in the first restraint mode, and during the vehicle ejection escape process, the restraint device switches to the second restraint mode.
  • the restraint device When the vehicle is operating normally, the restraint device is in the first restraint mode.
  • the restraint force of the restraint device is small.
  • the restraint device restricts the movement of the driver and passengers to a certain extent, but does not affect the normal operation of the vehicle by the driver and passengers.
  • the restraint device When an accident occurs in the vehicle, the restraint device is quickly tightened to increase the restraint force, thereby switching to the second restraint mode, restraining the occupant more tightly in the upper seat 12, improving the stability and reliability of the fixation between the occupant and the ejection seat 1, and effectively preventing the occupant from separating from the seat when the ejection seat 1 is ejected, thereby improving the reliability and safety of the ejection seat 1.
  • a storage space is formed in the lower seat 11, and the storage space is used to accommodate at least part of the upper seat 12.
  • the storage space can also be used to accommodate the ejection mechanism 13 and the drive device 15, thereby reducing the space occupied by the ejection seat 1 and improving the integration of the ejection seat 1.
  • the ejection seat 1 also includes a connecting mechanism, which is connected between the upper seat 12 and the lower seat 11.
  • the connecting mechanism is used to lock the upper seat 12 to the lower seat 11 during normal driving of the vehicle, and unlock the upper seat 12 during the vehicle ejection escape process, so that the upper seat 12 moves relative to the lower seat 11 along the extension direction of the guide rail 14.
  • the connecting mechanism includes a plurality of locking components 105, and the plurality of locking components 105 are respectively arranged between the upper seat 12 and the lower seat 11.
  • the plurality of locking components 105 can be respectively controlled to be locked and unlocked by electrical signals.
  • the plurality of locking components 105 remain locked so that the upper seat 12 and the lower seat 11 will not be separated, thereby ensuring the normal riding requirements of the ejection seat 1 in the present application.
  • the driver and passengers can control the plurality of locking components 105 to unlock so that the upper seat 12 and the lower seat 11 are separated from each other, thereby ensuring that the ejection mechanism 13 can eject the upper seat 12 out of the vehicle body.
  • the connection mechanism includes a first connection mechanism 101 and a first separation mechanism 103 (for example, a separation handle), wherein the first connection mechanism 101 is connected between the lower seat 11 and the upper seat 12, and is used to lock the lower seat 11 and the upper seat 12 to each other; the first separation mechanism 103 is connected to the first connection mechanism 101, and the first separation mechanism 103 is used to control the first connection mechanism 101 to unlock the lower seat 11 and the upper seat 12 to each other.
  • a first connection mechanism 101 for example, a separation handle
  • the ejection seat 1 can realize the rapid unlocking of the lower seat 11 and the upper seat 12 during ejection escape, so that the ejection mechanism 13 can eject the upper seat 12 and the occupant thereon outward.
  • the first separation mechanism 103 can be a manual mechanism or an automatic mechanism.
  • the first separation mechanism When the first separation mechanism is a manual mechanism, the first separation mechanism 103 can be arranged on the front side of the cushion portion 122 of the upper seat 12, between the legs of the driver and the passenger, close to the driver and the passenger's hands, so as to facilitate the driver and the passenger to operate quickly.
  • the first separation mechanism 103 When the first separation mechanism 103 is an automatic mechanism, the first separation mechanism 103 can be electrically connected to the vehicle's control system, and control the unlocking of the first connection mechanism 101 by receiving a control signal from the control system.
  • the first separation mechanism 103 can be electrically connected to the vehicle's control system, and can be unlocked by receiving a control signal from the control system.
  • Mechanism 103 can also use both manual and automatic control modes, which has better safety.
  • the first separation mechanism 103 is a handle-shaped structure, which is arranged at the front side of the cushion portion 122 of the upper seat 12 and is located between the legs of the driver and the passenger.
  • the ejection seat 1 further includes a stabilizing parachute box 302, in which a stabilizing parachute 3021 is stored; the stabilizing parachute box 302 is arranged on the upper seat 12, and the stabilizing parachute box 302 is used to eject the stabilizing parachute 3021 after the upper seat 12 is separated from the lower seat 11.
  • the stabilizing parachute box 302 can be used to eject the stabilizing parachute 3021 outward, so as to stabilize the posture of the upper seat 12 in the air, so that the driver and the passenger are in a safe posture with their heads facing upwards.
  • the ejection seat 1 further includes a gas storage component 303, the gas storage component 303 is connected to the stabilizing parachute box 302, and the gas storage component 303 is used to deliver high-pressure gas to the stabilizing parachute box 302 to eject the stabilizing parachute 3021 from the stabilizing parachute box 302.
  • the gas storage component 303 is used to provide high-pressure gas to eject the stabilizing parachute 3021 from the stabilizing parachute box 302, which can ensure the smooth opening of the stabilizing parachute 3021 and improve the safety of the ejection seat 1.
  • the gas storage component 303 includes but is not limited to an air bag, a gas storage tank, a small compressor, etc., all of which can be used to provide high-pressure gas.
  • the stabilizing parachute 3021 is accommodated in the stabilizing parachute box 302, and a gas storage component 303 is provided on the side of the upper seat 12 backrest facing away from the driver and passenger.
  • the stabilizing parachute box 302 is connected to the gas storage component 303, and the gas storage component 303 is used to transport gas into the stabilizing parachute box 302, so that the stabilizing parachute 3021 pops out from the stabilizing parachute box 302.
  • the gas storage component 303 is also connected to the environmental sensor 16.
  • the environmental sensor 16 controls the gas storage component 303 to transport gas into the stabilizing parachute box 302 according to the detected result, so that the stabilizing parachute 3021 pops out from the stabilizing parachute box 302, so as to balance and stabilize the upper seat 12, prevent the upper seat 12 from tilting, and improve the stability and safety of the driver and passenger in the upper seat 12.
  • FIG. 1 , FIG. 2 and FIG. 4 there are two stabilizing parachute boxes 302 , which are respectively arranged on both sides of the upper seat 12 , which has a better posture stabilization effect.
  • a stabilizing parachute box 302 is provided on both sides of the upper seat 12 backrest.
  • the upper seat 12 is separated from the lower seat 11 and the upper seat 12 is ejected out of the vehicle body.
  • the environmental sensor 16 When the environmental sensor 16 senses that the upper seat 12 in the air has deviated, When rotating, the environmental sensor 16 controls the gas storage component 303 to supply gas to the two stabilizing parachute boxes 302 according to the detected results, so that the two stabilizing parachutes 3021 are respectively popped out from the two stabilizing parachute boxes 302, and the upper seat 12 is balanced and stabilized from the left and right sides of the upper seat 12 at the same time, thereby further preventing the upper seat 12 from tilting, and improving the stability and safety of the passengers in the stabilizing parachute boxes 302 in the upper seat 12.
  • the ejection seat 1 also includes a parachute box 301, which contains a parachute 3011.
  • the parachute box 301 is fixed to the top of the upper seat 12, and the parachute box 301 is used to eject the parachute 3011 after the upper seat 12 is separated from the lower seat 11.
  • the parachute box 301 includes a parachute 3011 and a parachute gun, and the parachute 3011 is connected to the parachute gun.
  • the first parachute gun can shoot the parachute 3011 toward a target direction, such as directly above, to cause the parachute 3011 to open upward.
  • the parachute gun can be connected to the gas storage component 303, and the gas storage component 303 supplies high-pressure gas to the parachute gun, and the parachute gun uses the high-pressure gas to shoot the parachute 3011 outward.
  • the parachute gun can also be equipped with a separate gas storage device, and the high-pressure gas is supplied to the parachute gun by the gas storage device.
  • the parachute gun can also use other power besides high-pressure gas, such as the elastic force of a compression spring, the thrust generated by the explosion of combustibles, etc.
  • a pillow 124 is provided at the top of the upper seat 12 and corresponds to the head of the passenger.
  • a soft headrest is provided at the front of the pillow 124 facing the passenger, and the parachute box 301 is located at the rear of the pillow 124 facing away from the passenger.
  • the position of the pillow 124 can be adjusted, including but not limited to adjustment in the up-down direction and adjustment in the front-back direction.
  • the above arrangement is helpful in adapting the head position of drivers and passengers of different heights and sitting postures, thereby improving the riding comfort of the ejection seat; it is also helpful in better fitting the heads of drivers and passengers during the ejection process, thereby providing better protection.
  • a parachute box 301 is provided at the rear of the headrest 124 of the upper seat 12.
  • the parachute 3011 is accommodated in the parachute box 301, and the parachute box 301 is fixedly connected to the top of the upper seat 12.
  • the parachute box 301 is also connected to the air storage component 303.
  • the air storage component 303 provides power to the parachute box 301, so that the parachute 3011 pops out of the parachute box 301, thereby reducing the falling speed of the driver and passengers, allowing the driver and passengers to land slowly and safely, and ensuring the safety of their lives.
  • the connection mechanism includes a first connection mechanism 101 and a second connection mechanism (Not shown in the figure), the first connecting mechanism 101 is arranged at the bottom of the lower seat 11 and accommodated in the accommodating space, and is used for locking and unlocking the upper seat 12 and the lower seat 11; the second connecting mechanism is arranged on the upper seat 12 and is connected to the restraint device, and the second connecting mechanism is used for locking and unlocking the restraint device and the upper seat 12.
  • the connecting mechanism is composed of a first connecting mechanism 101, a second connecting mechanism, a first separating mechanism 103 and a second separating mechanism 104 (for example, a separating handle).
  • the first connecting mechanism 101 is arranged on the bottom wall of the lower seat 11 and is connected to the bottom of the upper seat 12.
  • the first connecting mechanism 101 is used to fix the upper seat 12 and the lower seat 11, and at the same time limit the movement of the upper seat 12 in the accommodating space along the forward direction of the vehicle.
  • the first separating mechanism 103 is arranged in the seat pot of the upper seat 12.
  • the first separating mechanism 103 is connected to the first connecting mechanism 101.
  • the first separating mechanism 103 can control the first connecting mechanism 101 to disconnect; the second connecting mechanism is arranged on the upper seat 12 and is connected to the restraining device.
  • the second connecting mechanism is used to fix the upper seat 12 and the restraining device, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the connection between the upper seat 12 and the restraining device.
  • the second separating mechanism 104 is arranged on both sides of the seat pot of the upper seat 12. The second separating mechanism 104 is connected to the second connecting mechanism.
  • the second separating mechanism 104 can control the second connecting mechanism to disconnect.
  • the driver and passengers operate the first separation mechanism 103 to control the first connection mechanism 101 to disconnect, so that the upper seat 12 is separated from the lower seat 11, and the upper seat 12 can move freely.
  • the ejection mechanism 13 can eject the upper seat 12 out of the vehicle body.
  • the driver and passengers operate the second separation mechanism 104 again to control the second connection mechanism to disconnect, and separate the restraining device from the upper seat 12.
  • the driver and passengers are directly connected to the parachute 3011 by the restraining device.
  • the parachute 3011 only needs to bear the weight of the driver and passengers, which is conducive to reducing the burden of the parachute 3011 and improving the stability and reliability of the driver and passengers when falling.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a vehicle, including the ejection seat of the present application.
  • the vehicle according to the present application is briefly described below.
  • the vehicle is, for example, a flying vehicle that can travel on land or fly in the air.
  • the vehicle according to the present application is provided with the ejection seat 1 described in any one of the above embodiments. Since the vehicle according to the present application is provided with the ejection seat 1 described in any one of the above embodiments, when an accident occurs, the vehicle according to the present application can avoid or reduce the injuries suffered by the driver and passengers during the escape process, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the vehicle.
  • first feature and second feature may include one or more of the features.
  • Multiple means two or more.
  • the first feature “above” or “below” the second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or the first and second features being in contact not directly but through another feature between them.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
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  • Seats For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于车辆的弹射座椅及具有其的车辆，该弹射座椅（1）的座椅本体包括呈上下布置的上部座椅（12）和下部座椅（11）；弹射机构（13）设置在上部座椅（12）和下部座椅（11）之间；导轨（14）设置于上部座椅（12）和下部座椅（11）中的之一上，且导轨（14）相对上部座椅（12）和下部座椅（11）中的另一个的角度可调，上部座椅（12）和下部座椅（11）中的另一个与导轨（14）滑动配合，上部座椅（12）和下部座椅（11）在弹射机构（13）工作时沿导轨（14）的延伸方向相对移动；环境传感器（16）设置于上部座椅（12），环境传感器（16）用于检测导轨（14）的延伸方向上是否存在障碍物。该弹射座椅可以避免驾乘人员在弹射过程中与障碍物发生碰撞，提高上部座椅内驾乘人员的安全和逃生概率。

Description

用于车辆的弹射座椅及具有其的车辆
本申请要求于2023年06月06日提交的申请号为202310668176.3、发明名称为“用于飞行汽车的弹射座椅及具有其的车辆”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及车辆安全领域，尤其是涉及一种用于车辆的弹射座椅及具有其的车辆。
背景技术
飞行汽车，是一种可以在空中飞行，也可以在陆地行驶的新型的车辆，极大的提高了车辆的通过能力。但是，飞行汽车的安全性是一个函待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本申请提出了一种用于车辆的弹射座椅及具有其的车辆。
一方面，本申请提供了一种用于车辆的弹射座椅，所述弹射座椅包括：
座椅本体，所述座椅本体包括呈上下布置的上部座椅和下部座椅；
弹射机构，所述弹射机构设置在所述上部座椅和所述下部座椅之间；
导轨，所述导轨设置于所述上部座椅和所述下部座椅中的之一上，且所述导轨相对所述上部座椅和所述下部座椅中的另一个的角度可调，所述上部座椅和所述下部座椅中的另一个与所述导轨滑动配合，所述上部座椅和所述下部座椅在所述弹射机构工作时沿所述导轨的延伸方向相对移动；
环境传感器，所述环境传感器设置于所述上部座椅，所述环境传感器用于检测所述导轨的延伸方向上是否存在障碍物。
本申请提供的用于车辆的弹射座椅，在车辆发生事故时，驾乘人员可以利用弹射机构弹射逃生，上部座椅和下部座椅之间设置导轨，弹射机构启动后，上部座椅和下部座椅会沿导轨的延伸方向相对移动，当下部座椅固定在车辆内时，上部座椅将带着驾乘人员向车辆外部弹射逃生；导轨的延伸方向决定了上部座椅的弹射方向，利用环境传感器可以检测上部座椅的弹射方向上是否存在障碍物，进 而可以避免驾乘人员在弹射过程中与障碍物发生碰撞，并可以根据检测结果确定安全的弹射方向，提高了上部座椅内驾乘人员的安全和逃生概率。
在一些实施例中，所述上部座椅和所述下部座椅中的另一个上形成有导向槽，所述导轨与所述导向槽滑动连接。
在一些实施例中，所述导轨设置于所述下部座椅上，且所述导轨与所述下部座椅可枢转地连接。
在一些实施例中，所述上部座椅包括靠背部和坐垫部，所述靠背部和坐垫部围成一乘坐空间；所述导轨设置或配合于所述靠背部的内部，或者设置或配合于所述靠背部背向所述乘坐空间的背面。
在一些实施例中，所述坐垫位于所述下部座椅的顶部，所述弹射机构位于所述坐垫部和所述下部座椅之间。
在一些实施例中，所述弹射座椅还包括驱动装置，所述驱动装置与所述导轨连接，所述驱动装置用于根据所述环境传感器反馈的检测结果调整所述导轨的延伸方向。
在一些实施例中，所述弹射座椅还包括：束缚装置，所述束缚装置设置于所述上部座椅上，所述束缚装置用于将驾乘人员束缚固定在所述上部座椅上。
在一些实施例中，所述束缚装置包括束腿部件、第一束缚部件和第二束缚部件；
所述束腿部件的位置对应于所述驾乘人员的腿部，用于束缚固定所述驾乘人员的腿部；所述第一束缚部件的位置对应于所述驾乘人员的躯干部，用于束缚固定所述驾乘人员的躯干部；所述第二束缚部件的位置对应于所述驾乘人员的腰腹部，用于束缚固定所述驾乘人员的腰腹部。
在一些实施例中，所述束缚装置具有第一束缚模式和第二束缚模式，所述第一束缚模式的束缚力小于所述第二束缚模式的束缚力；在车辆正常行驶过程中，所述束缚装置工作于所述第一束缚模式，在所述车辆弹射逃生过程中所述束缚装置切换至所述第二束缚模式。
在一些实施例中，所述弹射座椅还包括连接机构，所述连接机构连接于所述上部座椅和所述下部座椅之间，所述连接机构用于在车辆正常行驶过程中将所述上部座椅锁定在所述下部座椅上，在所述车辆弹射逃生过程中将所述上部座椅解锁，以使所述上部座椅相对于所述下部座椅沿所述导轨的的延伸方向移动。
在一些实施例中，所述连接机构包括第一连接机构和第一分离机构，所述第一连接机构连接于所述下部座椅和所述上部座椅之间，用于将所述下部座椅所述和上部座椅相互锁定；所述第一分离机构与所述第一连接机构连接，所述第一分离机构用于控制所述第一连接机构将所述下部座椅和所述上部座椅相互解锁。
在一些实施例中，所述弹射座椅还包括稳定伞箱，所述稳定伞箱内收纳有稳定伞；所述稳定伞箱设置于所述上部座椅上，所述稳定伞箱用于在所述上部座椅与所述下部座椅分离后射出所述稳定伞。
在一些实施例中，所述稳定伞箱的数量为两个，分别设置于所述上部座椅的两侧。
在一些实施例中，所述弹射座椅还包括储气部件，所述储气部件与所述稳定伞箱连通，所述储气部件用于向所述稳定伞箱输送高压气体，将所述稳定伞从所述稳定伞盒内射出。
在一些实施例中，所述弹射座椅还包括降落伞箱，所述降落伞箱内收纳有降落伞，所述降落伞箱固定在所述上部座椅的顶端，所述降落伞箱用于在所述上部座椅与所述下部座椅分离后射出所述降落伞。
在一些实施例中，所述弹射座椅包括束缚装置，所述束缚装置包括第一束缚模式和第二束缚模式，所述束缚装置与所述降落伞箱中的降落伞连接，所述降落伞打开后带动所述束缚装置从所述第一束缚模式切换至所述第二束缚模式。
另一方面，本申请提供了一种车辆，包括本申请所述的弹射座椅。
附图说明
本申请的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1是根据本申请一个实施例的弹射座椅的结构示意图；
图2是根据本申请一个实施例的弹射座椅的正视图；
图3是根据本申请一个实施例的弹射座椅的侧视图；
图4是根据本申请一个实施例的弹射座椅的后视图；
图5是根据本申请一个实施例的上部座椅位于空中的状态示意图；
图6是根据本申请一个实施例的连接机构的结构示意图。
附图标记：
1、弹射座椅；11、下部座椅；12、上部座椅；121、靠背部；122、坐垫部；
123、乘坐空间；124、靠枕；13、弹射机构；14、导轨；15、驱动装置；16、环境传感器；17、导向槽；
101、第一连接机构；103、第一分离机构；104、第二分离机构；105、锁止
部件；
201、束腿部件；202、第一束缚部件；203、第二束缚部件；
301、降落伞箱；3011、降落伞；302、稳定伞箱；3021、稳定伞；303、储气
部件。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本申请的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本申请，而不能理解为对本申请的限制。
一方面，结合图1至图4所示，本实施例提供了一种用于车辆的弹射座椅1，弹射座椅1包括：座椅本体，座椅本体包括呈上下布置的上部座椅12和下部座椅11。弹射机构13，弹射机构13设置在上部座椅12和下部座椅11之间。导轨14，导轨14设置于上部座椅12和下部座椅11中的之一上，且导轨14相对上部座椅12和下部座椅11中的另一个的角度可调，上部座椅12和下部座椅11中的另一个与导轨14滑动配合，上部座椅12和下部座椅11在弹射机构13工作时沿导轨14的延伸方向相对移动。环境传感器16，环境传感器16设置于上部座椅12，环境传感器16用于检测导轨14的延伸方向上是否存在障碍物。
本实施例提供的用于车辆的弹射座椅1，在车辆发生事故时，驾乘人员可以利用弹射机构13弹射逃生，上部座椅12和下部座椅11之间设置导轨14，弹射机构13启动后，上部座椅12和下部座椅11会沿导轨14的延伸方向相对移动，当下部座椅11固定在车辆内时，上部座椅12将带着驾乘人员向车辆外部弹射逃生；导轨14的延伸方向决定了上部座椅12的弹射方向，利用环境传感器16可以检测上部座椅12的弹射方向上是否存在障碍物，进而可以避免驾乘人员在弹射过程中与障碍物发生碰撞，并可以根据检测结果确定安全的弹射方向，提高了上部座椅12 内驾乘人员的安全和逃生概率。
在一些实施例中，导轨14设置在下部座椅11上，且导轨14相对上部座椅12的角度可调，上部座椅12与导轨14滑动配合。
在一些实施例中，导轨14设置在上部座椅12上，且导轨14相对下部座椅11的角度可调，下部座椅11与导轨14滑动配合。
根据本申请的用于车辆的弹射座椅1包括：座椅本体、连接机构、弹射机构13、导轨14和环境传感器16，座椅本体包括呈上下布置的上部座椅12和下部座椅11；弹射机构13设置在上部座椅12和下部座椅11之间；导轨14设置于下部座椅11，导轨14相对下部座椅11的角度可调，上部座椅12与导轨14配合且用于在弹射时沿导轨14的延伸方向移动；环境传感器16设置于上部座椅12，环境传感器16用于检测弹射方向是否存在异物并根据检测结果调整导轨14相对下部座椅11的角度。
弹射座椅1主要由座椅本体、连接机构、弹射机构13、导轨14和环境传感器16组成，座椅本体包括上部座椅12和下部座椅11，下部座椅11设置于车辆地板上，并与车辆地板固定连接，实现弹射座椅1与车辆的连接，上部座椅12设置在下部座椅11的上方，上部座椅12与下部座椅11之间通过连接机构进行连接，上部座椅12和下部座椅11之间还设置有弹射机构13，驾乘人员可控制连接机构可选择的断开或连接，从而一方面，在车辆正常行驶的过程中，连接机构可以保证上部座椅12和下部座椅11不会分离，保证本申请中的弹射座椅1正常乘坐需求，另一方面，当车辆发生事故时，驾乘人员可以控制连接机构断开，使得上部座椅12和下部座椅11相互分离，保证弹射机构13能够将上部座椅12弹射出车体。
导轨14设置于下部座椅11上，导轨14的自由端设置于上部座椅12内，并沿上部座椅12靠背倾斜方向延伸，导轨14可以调整上部座椅12相对于下部座椅11的角度，环境传感器16设置于上部座椅12上，环境传感器16可以用于检测外部环境内是否出现障碍物，当车辆发生事故时，环境传感器16开始检测上部座椅12的弹射方向中是否存在障碍物，并根据检测到的结果调整导轨14相对于下部座椅11的角度，从而改变上部座椅12的弹射方向，使得上部座椅12的弹射方向避开外界环境中的障碍物，障碍物可能是建筑物、输电线路、树木等，也可能是山体、飞鸟等，避免或减少驾乘人员在乘坐弹射座椅1的逃生过程中受到的撞击损伤，保证了位于上部座椅12内驾乘人员的安全，提高了弹射座椅1的可靠性与安 全性。
例如，当车辆所处环境为陡峭山路环境时，车辆遭遇不可控制的危险情况时，乘务人员乘坐弹射座椅1向上弹射逃生时，很有可能被山体、树木等障碍物所阻碍，危害驾乘人员的人身安全。
根据本申请的弹射座椅1在车辆发生事故时，驾乘人员可以控制连接机构断开，使得上部座椅12和下部座椅11相互分离，环境传感器16开始检测上部座椅12的弹射方向中是否存在障碍物，并根据检测到的结果调整导轨14相对于下部座椅11的角度，从而改变上部座椅12的弹射方向，弹射机构13将调整好角度的上部座椅12弹射出车体，避免了驾乘人员在逃生过程中与障碍物相碰撞造成伤亡，提高了位于上部座椅12内驾乘人员的安全。
在一些实施例中，环境传感器16为红外传感器、超声波传感器、激光传感器、接近传感器中的至少一种。上述传感器均可以实现对至少一个目标方向的障碍物检测，从而可以判断弹射座椅1的弹射方向是否安全，进而可以确定没有障碍物的安全弹射方向，确保驾乘人员的安全。在一些实施例中，结合图3所示，上部座椅12和下部座椅11中的另一个上形成有导向槽17，导轨14与导向槽17滑动连接。
利用导轨14和导向槽17的滑动配合，导轨14的导向作用更好，可以确保上部座椅12和下部座椅11在弹射机构13工作时沿导轨14的延伸方向稳定可靠的相对移动。
在一些实施例中，结合图3所示，导轨14设置在下部座椅11上，导向槽17设置在上部座椅12上。从而，当弹射机构13工作时，上部座椅12可以相对于下部座椅11向外弹射。导轨14布置在下部座椅11上，导向槽17布置在上部座椅12上，有利于减小上部座椅12的重量，提高弹射机构13的弹射距离，从而提高驾乘人员的逃生概率。此外，导轨14需要暴露在外侧，驾乘人员乘坐在上部座椅12弹射逃生过程中，如果导轨14布置在上部座椅12上，乘务人员有可能会被导轨14误伤，导轨14也有可能会增大上部座椅12的着陆难度。而将导轨14布置在下部座椅11上，上部座椅12只需要布置凹陷的导向槽17，减少上部座椅12的重量的同时，减小上部座椅12暴露在外的尖锐结构，提高乘务人员的安全性。
在一些实施例中，上部座椅12上形成有导向槽17，导轨14可枢转地设置于下部座椅11上，导轨14相对下部座椅11在前后方向的角度可调。通过上述布置， 导轨14可以相对于下部座椅11调节方向，改变上部座椅12的弹射方向，避免了驾乘人员在逃生过程中与障碍物相碰撞造成伤亡，提高了位于上部座椅12内驾乘人员的安全。
在一些实施例中，结合图3所示，上部座椅12包括靠背部121和坐垫部122，靠背部121和坐垫部122围成一乘坐空间123；导轨14设置或配合于靠背部121的内部，或者设置或配合于靠背部121背向乘坐空间123的背面。
通过上述布置，导轨14可以利用上部座椅12的靠背部121进行布置或滑动配合，充分利用靠背部121的内部空间或背面空间。且上部座椅12的靠背部121高度较大，具有足够的空间布置导轨14，有利于降低导轨14的布置难度。
在一些实施例中，结合图2所示，坐垫部122位于下部座椅11的顶部，弹射机构13位于坐垫部122和下部座椅11之间。驾乘人员乘坐在乘坐空间123内时，驾乘人员的重量基本都是作用在坐垫部122上，也就是说，坐垫部122基本承担了驾乘人员的全部重量，载有驾乘人员的上部座椅12的重心基本位于坐垫部122上方。从而，将弹射机构13布置在坐垫部122下方，当弹射机构13工作时，弹射机构13产生的向上推力，与上部座椅12整体受到向下的重力，两者接近于位于同一条铅垂线上，从而弹射机构13工作时，不会对上部座椅12产生严重的倾覆力矩，这有利于提高弹射座椅1的工作可靠性。
在一些实施例中，结合图3所示，靠背部121的内部设有与导轨14滑动配合的导向槽17。上部座椅12的靠背部121内形成有导向槽17，导轨14由高强度和耐磨的金属材料制作成，能够承载较大的载荷，导轨14设置于导向槽17内，可以对上部座椅12靠背也起到一定的支撑作用，导轨14具有平直和光滑的表面，导轨14与导向槽17相配合，保证了在弹射时，上部座椅12沿导轨14的延伸方向射出方向和位置的准确性。
导轨14设置于下部座椅11上，导轨14可以调整上部座椅12靠背相对于下部座椅11在前后方向的角度，使得导轨14可以根据环境传感器16检测的信息，改变上部座椅12的弹射方向，避免了上部座椅12与外界环境中的障碍物发生碰撞，保证了驾乘人员的生命安全。
根据本申请的一些实施例，弹射座椅1还包括驱动装置15，驱动装置15与导轨14连接，驱动装置15用于根据环境传感器16反馈的检测结果调整导轨14的延伸方向。
在一些实施例中，下部座椅11内还设置有驱动装置15，驱动装置15的输出端与转轴的输入端相连接，转轴的输出端与导轨14相连接，当车辆发生事故时，环境传感器16开始检测上部座椅12的弹射方向中是否存在障碍物，驱动装置15根据环境传感器16检测到的结果，驱动转轴转动，转轴带动导轨14发生相对转动，导轨14带动上部座椅12靠背发生相对转动，从而调整上部座椅12的靠背相对于下部座椅11的角度，改变了上部座椅12的弹射方向，使得上部座椅12避开外界环境中的障碍物，避免或减少驾乘人员在逃生过程中受到的损伤，保证了位于上部座椅12内驾乘人员的安全，提高了弹射座椅1的可靠性与安全性。
在一些实施例中，结合图1至图3所示，弹射座椅1还包括束缚装置，束缚装置设置于上部座椅12上，束缚装置用于将驾乘人员束缚固定于上部座椅12上。从而，束缚装置在车辆正常行驶过程中可以作为安全带使用，在弹射逃生过程中可以将驾乘人员束缚固定在上部座椅12上，防止驾乘人员被强大的弹射作用力甩出，造成人身伤害。
在一些实施例中，结合图1至图3所示，束缚装置包括束腿部件201、第一束缚部件202和第二束缚部件203，束腿部件201设置于上部座椅12座盆朝向驾乘人员的一端，束腿部件201的位置对应于驾乘人员的腿部，束腿部件201内形成有容纳腔用于收容至少部分驾乘人员的腿部，并将驾乘人员的腿部束缚固定于容纳腔内，以限制驾乘人员的腿部的运动；第一束缚部件202的位置对应于驾乘人员的躯干部，第一束缚部件202可以构造为两个，两个第一束缚部件202间隔设置于上部座椅12靠背乘坐空间123的一侧上，用于将驾乘人员的躯干部束缚固定于上部座椅12内，以限制驾乘人员的躯干部的运动；第二束缚部件203的位置对应于驾乘人员的腰腹部，第二束缚部件203设置于上部座椅12的座盆(也即坐垫部122)内，用于将驾乘人员的腰腹部束缚固定于上部座椅12内，进一步限制了驾乘人员的运动。
在一些实施例中，束缚装置包括第一束缚模式和第二束缚模式，第一束缚模式的束缚力小于第二束缚模式的束缚力；在车辆正常行驶过程中，束缚装置工作于第一束缚模式，在车辆弹射逃生过程中束缚装置切换至第二束缚模式。
当车辆正常运行时，束缚装置处于第一束缚模式，束缚装置的束缚力较小，束缚装置与人体之间存在一定的空间，用于驾乘人员的自由活动，束缚装置在一定程度上限制了驾乘人员的运动，但又不影响驾乘人员对车辆的正常操作，当车 辆发生事故时，束缚装置快速收紧，增大束缚力，从而切换至第二束缚模式，将驾乘人员更紧密的束缚固定于上部座椅12内，提高驾乘人员与弹射座椅1之间固定的稳定性与可靠性，有效防止弹射座椅1弹出时，驾乘人员与座椅相互脱离事故的发生，提高了弹射座椅1的可靠性与安全性。
在一些实施例中，结合图1和图2所示，下部座椅11内形成有容纳空间，容纳空间用于收容至少部分上部座椅12，容纳空间还可以用于收容弹射机构13以及驱动装置15，减小弹射座椅1所占用的空间，提高了弹射座椅1的集成度。
在一些实施例中，结合图1至图3和图6所示，弹射座椅1还包括连接机构，连接机构连接于上部座椅12和下部座椅11之间，连接机构用于在车辆正常行驶过程中将上部座椅12锁定在下部座椅11上，在车辆弹射逃生过程中将上部座椅12解锁，以使上部座椅12相对于下部座椅11沿导轨的14的延伸方向移动。
在一些实施例中，结合图6所示，连接机构包括多个锁止部件105，多个锁止部件105分别布置在上部座椅12和下部座椅11之间，多个锁止部件105可以分别通过电信号控制锁定和开锁，当车辆正常行驶的过程中，多个锁止部件105保持锁定，使得上部座椅12和下部座椅11不会分离，保证本申请中的弹射座椅1正常乘坐需求，另一方面，当车辆发生事故时，驾乘人员可以控制多个锁止部件105开锁，使得上部座椅12和下部座椅11相互分离，保证弹射机构13能够将上部座椅12弹射出车体。
在一些实施例中，结合图2和图6所示，连接机构包括第一连接机构101和第一分离机构103(例如为分离手柄)，第一连接机构101连接于下部座椅11和上部座椅12之间，用于将下部座椅11和上部座椅12相互锁定；第一分离机构103与第一连接机构101连接，第一分离机构103用于控制第一连接机构101将下部座椅11和上部座椅12相互解锁。利用第一连接机构101和第一分离机构103，弹射座椅1可以实现在弹射逃生时快速解锁下部座椅11和上部座椅12，使得弹射机构13可以将上部座椅12及其上的驾乘人员向外弹出。
其中，第一分离机构103可以为手动机构，也可以为自动机构。当第一分离机构为手动机构上，第一分离机构103可以布置在上部座椅12的坐垫部122前侧，位于驾乘人员的两腿之间，靠近驾乘人员的手部，方便驾乘人员快速操作。当第一分离机构103为自动机构时，第一分离机构103可以与车辆的控制系统电性连接，通过接受控制系统的控制信号控制第一连接机构101解锁。此外，第一分离 机构103也可以兼用手动和自动两种控制方式，具有更好的安全性。
在一些实施例中，参考图1至图3所示，第一分离机构103为手柄形结构，布置在上部座椅12的坐垫部122前侧，并位于驾乘人员的两腿之间。
根据本申请的一些实施例，结合图1至图3和图5所示，弹射座椅1还包括稳定伞箱302，稳定伞箱302内收纳有稳定伞3021；稳定伞箱302设置于上部座椅12上，稳定伞箱302用于在上部座椅12与下部座椅11分离后射出稳定伞3021。通过上述布置，上部座椅12携带驾乘人员弹射到空中后，可以利用稳定伞箱302向外射出稳定伞3021，稳定上部座椅12在空中的姿态，使得驾乘人员处于头部朝上的安全姿态。
在一些实施例中，结合图1和图4所示，弹射座椅1还包括储气部件303，储气部件303与稳定伞箱302连通，储气部件303用于向稳定伞箱302输送高压气体，将稳定伞3021从稳定伞箱302内射出。通过上述布置，利用储气部件303提供高压气体将稳定伞3021从稳定伞箱302内射出，可以确保稳定伞3021的顺利开伞，提高弹射座椅1的安全性。
其中，储气部件303包括但不限于气囊、储气罐、小型压缩机等，均可以用于提供高压气体。
在一些实施例中，结合图1至图3和图5所示，稳定伞3021收容于稳定伞箱302内，上部座椅12靠背朝向背离驾乘人员的一侧上设置有储气部件303，稳定伞箱302与储气部件303相连接，储气部件303用于向稳定伞箱302内输送气体，使得稳定伞3021从稳定伞箱302内弹出，储气部件303还与环境传感器16相连接，当车辆发生事故时，上部座椅12与下部座椅11分离后，上部座椅12被弹射出车体，当环境传感器16感受到位于空中的上部座椅12发生偏转时，环境传感器16根据检测到的结果控制储气部件303向稳定伞箱302内输送气体，使得稳定伞3021从稳定伞箱302内弹出，以平衡稳定上部座椅12，防止上部座椅12发生倾斜，提高了驾乘人员位于上部座椅12中的稳定性与安全性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，结合图1、图2和图4所示，稳定伞箱302的数量为两个，分别设置于上部座椅12的两侧，具有更好的姿态稳定效果。
在一些实施例中，结合图1、图2和图4所示，上部座椅12靠枕的两侧分别设置有稳定伞箱302，当车辆发生事故时，上部座椅12与下部座椅11分离后，上部座椅12被弹射出车体，当环境传感器16感受到位于空中的上部座椅12发生偏 转时，环境传感器16根据检测到的结果控制储气部件303向两个稳定伞箱302内输送气体，使得两个稳定伞3021分别从两个稳定伞箱302内弹出，从上部座椅12左右两侧同时对上部座椅12进行平衡稳定，进一步防止上部座椅12发生倾斜，提高了稳定伞箱302驾乘人员位于上部座椅12中的稳定性与安全性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，结合图1、图3和图5所示，弹射座椅1还包括降落伞箱301，降落伞箱301内收纳有降落伞3011，降落伞箱301固定在上部座椅12的顶端，降落伞箱301用于在上部座椅12与下部座椅11分离后射出降落伞3011。
在一些实施例中，降落伞箱301包括降落伞3011和伞枪，降落伞3011和伞枪连接，第一伞枪可以将降落伞3011朝向目标方向，例如正上方射出，促使降落伞3011在上方开伞。
其中，伞枪可以与储气部件303连接，由储气部件303向伞枪供给高压气体，伞枪利用高压气体将降落伞3011向外射出。伞枪也可以单独布置储气装置，利用储气装置单独为伞枪供给高压气体。伞枪还可以采用高压气体之外的其它动力，例如压缩弹簧的弹性作用力、可燃物爆燃产生的推力等等。
在一些实施例中，结合图1、图3和图5所示，上部座椅12的顶端设有靠枕124，且对应于驾乘人员的头部。靠枕124朝向驾乘人员的前部设有软包的头枕，降落伞箱301位于靠枕124背向驾乘人员的后部。靠枕124的位置可以调节，这包括不限于沿上下方向调节和沿前后方向调节。
通过上述布置，有利于适应不同身高和坐姿的驾乘人员的头部位置，提高弹射座椅的乘坐舒适性；这还有利于在弹射过程中更好的贴合驾乘人员的头部，起到更好的保护作用。
在一些实施例中，结合图1、图3和图5所示，上部座椅12的靠枕124后部设置有容纳降落伞箱301降落伞3011收容于降落伞箱301内，且降落伞箱301与上部座椅12的顶端固定连接，降落伞箱301还与储气部件303相连接，当车辆发生事故时，上部座椅12与下部座椅11分离后，上部座椅12被弹射出车体，上部座椅12抵达安全高度并快要下落时，储气部件303为降落伞箱301提供动力，使得降落伞3011从降落伞箱301内弹出，从而降低了驾乘人员下落的速度，使驾乘人员缓慢安全落地，保证了驾乘人员生命安全。
根据本申请的一些实施例，连接机构包括第一连接机构101和第二连接机构 (图中未示出)，第一连接机构101设置在下部座椅11底部且收容于容纳空间，用于上部座椅12和下部座椅11的锁定和解锁；第二连接机构设置于上部座椅12上，并与束缚装置相连，第二连接机构用于束缚装置与上部座椅12的锁定和解锁。
在一些实施例中，连接机构由第一连接机构101、第二连接机构、第一分离机构103和第二分离机构104(例如为分离手柄)组成，第一连接机构101设置于下部座椅11底壁且与上部座椅12的底部相连接，第一连接机构101用于固定上部座椅12与下部座椅11，同时限制上部座椅12位于容纳空间内沿车辆前进方向的运动，第一分离机构103设置于上部座椅12座盆内，第一分离机构103与第一连接机构101相连接，第一分离机构103可以控制第一连接机构101断开连接；第二连接机构设置以上部座椅12上并与束缚装置相连接，第二连接机构用于固定上部座椅12与束缚装置，提高了上部座椅12与束缚装置之间连接的稳定性与可靠性，第二分离机构104设置于上部座椅12座盆两侧，第二分离机构104与第二连接机构相连接，第二分离机构104可以控制第二连接机构断开连接。
当车辆发生事故时，驾乘人员操作第一分离机构103控制第一连接机构101断开连接，使得上部座椅12与下部座椅11相互分离，上部座椅12可以自由移动，弹射机构13可以将上部座椅12弹射出车体，上部座椅12位于空中稳定缓慢下落时，驾乘人员再次操作第二分离机构104控制第二连接机构断开连接，将束缚装置与上部座椅12相分离，驾乘人员被束缚装置直接连接在降落伞3011上，降落伞3011只需要承担驾乘人员的重量，有利于减轻降落伞3011的负担，提高驾乘人员下落时的稳定性与可靠性。
另一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种车辆，包括本申请的弹射座椅。下面简单描述根据本申请的车辆。其中，车辆例如为飞行车辆，可以在陆地行驶，也可以在空中飞行。
根据本申请的车辆设置有上述实施例中任意一项所述的弹射座椅1，由于根据本申请的车辆设置有上述实施例中任意一项所述的弹射座椅1，因此根据本申请的车辆在发生事故时，可以避免或减少驾乘人员在逃生过程中受到的损伤，提高了车辆的安全性与可靠性。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、 “逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本申请的描述中，“第一特征”、“第二特征”可以包括一个或者更多个该特征。“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。第一特征在第二特征“之上”或“之下”可以包括第一和第二特征直接接触，也可以包括第一和第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示意性实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
尽管已经示出和描述了本申请的实施例，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本申请的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本申请的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种用于车辆的弹射座椅，其特征在于，所述弹射座椅(1)包括：
    座椅本体，所述座椅本体包括呈上下布置的上部座椅(12)和下部座椅(11)；
    弹射机构(13)，所述弹射机构(13)设置在所述上部座椅(12)和所述下部座椅(11)之间；
    导轨(14)，所述导轨(14)设置于所述上部座椅(12)和所述下部座椅(11)中的之一上，且所述导轨(14)相对所述上部座椅(12)和所述下部座椅(11)中的另一个的角度可调，所述上部座椅(12)和所述下部座椅(11)中的另一个与所述导轨(14)滑动配合，所述上部座椅(12)和所述下部座椅(11)在所述弹射机构(13)工作时沿所述导轨(14)的延伸方向相对移动；
    环境传感器(16)，所述环境传感器(16)设置于所述上部座椅(12)，所述环境传感器(16)用于检测所述导轨(14)的延伸方向上是否存在障碍物。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的用于车辆的弹射座椅，其特征在于，所述上部座椅(12)和所述下部座椅(11)中的另一个上形成有导向槽(17)，所述导轨(14)与所述导向槽(17)滑动连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的用于车辆的弹射座椅，其特征在于，所述导轨(14)设置于所述下部座椅(11)上，且所述导轨(14)与所述下部座椅(11)可枢转地连接。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的用于车辆的弹射座椅，其特征在于，所述上部座椅(12)包括靠背部(121)和坐垫部(122)，所述靠背部(121)和坐垫部(122)围成一乘坐空间(123)；所述导轨(14)设置或配合于所述靠背部(121)的内部，或者设置或配合于所述靠背部(121)背向所述乘坐空间(123)的背面。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的用于车辆的弹射座椅，其特征在于，所述坐垫部(122)位于所述下部座椅(11)的顶部，所述弹射机构(13)位于所述坐垫部(122)和所述下部座椅(11)之间。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的用于车辆的弹射座椅，其特征在于，所述弹射座椅(1)还包括驱动装置(15)，所述驱动装置(15)与所述导轨(14)连接，所述驱动装置(15)用于根据所述环境传感器(16)反馈的检测结果调整所述导轨(14)的延伸方向。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的用于车辆的弹射座椅，其特征在于，所述弹射座椅(1)还包括：束缚装置，所述束缚装置设置于所述上部座椅(12)上，所述束缚装置用于将驾乘人员束缚固定在所述上部座椅(12)上。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的用于车辆的弹射座椅，其特征在于，所述束缚装置包括束腿部件(201)、第一束缚部件(202)和第二束缚部件(203)；
    所述束腿部件(201)的位置对应于所述驾乘人员的腿部，用于束缚固定所述驾乘人员的腿部；所述第一束缚部件(202)的位置对应于所述驾乘人员的躯干部，用于束缚固定所述驾乘人员的躯干部；所述第二束缚部件(203)的位置对应于所述驾乘人员的腰腹部，用于束缚固定所述驾乘人员的腰腹部。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的用于车辆的弹射座椅，其特征在于，所述束缚装置具有第一束缚模式和第二束缚模式，所述第一束缚模式的束缚力小于所述第二束缚模式的束缚力；在车辆正常行驶过程中，所述束缚装置工作于所述第一束缚模式，在所述车辆弹射逃生过程中所述束缚装置切换至所述第二束缚模式。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的用于车辆的弹射座椅，其特征在于，所述弹射座椅(1)还包括连接机构，所述连接机构连接于所述上部座椅(12)和所述下部座椅(11)之间，所述连接机构用于在车辆正常行驶过程中将所述上部座椅(12)锁定在所述下部座椅(11)上，在所述车辆弹射逃生过程中将所述上部座椅(12)解锁，以使所述上部座椅(12)相对于所述下部座椅(11)沿所述导轨(14)的的延伸方向移动。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的用于车辆的弹射座椅，其特征在于，所述连接机 构包括第一连接机构(101)和第一分离机构(103)，所述第一连接机构(101)连接于所述下部座椅(11)所述上部座椅(12)之间，用于将所述下部座椅(11)和所述上部座椅(12)相互锁定；所述第一分离机构(103)与所述第一连接机构(101)连接，所述第一分离机构(103)用于控制所述第一连接机构(101)将所述下部座椅(11)和所述上部座椅(12)相互解锁。
  12. 根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的用于车辆的弹射座椅，其特征在于，所述弹射座椅(1)还包括稳定伞箱(302)，所述稳定伞箱(302)内收纳有稳定伞(3021)；所述稳定伞箱(302)设置于所述上部座椅(12)上，所述稳定伞箱(302)用于在所述上部座椅(12)与所述下部座椅(11)分离后射出所述稳定伞(3021)。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的用于车辆的弹射座椅，其特征在于，所述稳定伞箱(302)的数量为两个，分别设置于所述上部座椅(12)的两侧。
  14. 根据权利要求12或13所述的用于车辆的弹射座椅，其特征在于，所述弹射座椅(1)还包括储气部件(303)，所述储气部件(303)与所述稳定伞箱(302)连通，所述储气部件(303)用于向所述稳定伞箱(302)输送高压气体，将所述稳定伞(3021)从所述稳定伞箱(302)内射出。
  15. 根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的用于车辆的弹射座椅，其特征在于，所述弹射座椅(1)还包括降落伞箱(301)，所述降落伞箱(301)内收纳有降落伞(3011)，所述降落伞箱(301)固定在所述上部座椅(12)的顶端，所述降落伞箱(301)用于在所述上部座椅(12)与所述下部座椅(11)分离后射出所述降落伞(3011)。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的用于车辆的弹射座椅，其特征在于，所述弹射座椅(1)包括束缚装置，所述束缚装置包括第一束缚模式和第二束缚模式，所述束缚装置与所述降落伞(3011)连接，所述降落伞(3011)打开后带动所述束缚装置从所述第一束缚模式切换至所述第二束缚模式。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的用于车辆的弹射座椅，其特征在于，所述连接机构还包括第二连接机构和第二分离机构(104)，所述第二连接机构连接于所述束缚装置所述上部座椅(12)之间，用于将所述束缚装置和所述上部座椅(12)相互锁定；所述第二分离机构(104)与所述第二连接机构连接，所述第二分离机构(104)用于控制所述第二连接机构将束缚装置和所述上部座椅(12)相互分离。
  18. 一种车辆，其特征在于，包括权利要求1至17中任一项所述的弹射座椅(1)。
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