WO2024239802A1 - 一种具有多向连通孔的多孔玻璃、雾化芯和电子雾化器 - Google Patents

一种具有多向连通孔的多孔玻璃、雾化芯和电子雾化器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024239802A1
WO2024239802A1 PCT/CN2024/085461 CN2024085461W WO2024239802A1 WO 2024239802 A1 WO2024239802 A1 WO 2024239802A1 CN 2024085461 W CN2024085461 W CN 2024085461W WO 2024239802 A1 WO2024239802 A1 WO 2024239802A1
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Prior art keywords
directional
porous glass
microns
pore
holes
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2024/085461
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨聪明
龙继才
周前远
付磊
苏远安
周宏明
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Shenzhen Smoore Technology Ltd
Smoore International Holdings Ltd
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Shenzhen Smoore Technology Ltd
Smoore International Holdings Ltd
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Application filed by Shenzhen Smoore Technology Ltd, Smoore International Holdings Ltd filed Critical Shenzhen Smoore Technology Ltd
Priority to EP24810050.5A priority Critical patent/EP4714916A1/en
Publication of WO2024239802A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024239802A1/zh
Priority to US19/392,616 priority patent/US20260070837A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F40/00—Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
    • A24F40/40—Constructional details, e.g. connection of cartridges and battery parts
    • A24F40/46—Shape or structure of electric heating means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F40/00—Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
    • A24F40/70—Manufacture
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B19/00—Other methods of shaping glass
    • C03B19/08—Other methods of shaping glass by foaming
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C11/00—Multi-cellular glass ; Porous or hollow glass or glass particles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C14/00—Glass compositions containing a non-glass component, e.g. compositions containing fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like, dispersed in a glass matrix
    • C03C14/002—Glass compositions containing a non-glass component, e.g. compositions containing fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like, dispersed in a glass matrix the non-glass component being in the form of fibres, filaments, yarns, felts or woven material

Definitions

  • the present application belongs to the technical field of porous materials, and in particular relates to a porous glass with multi-directional interconnected holes, an atomization core and an electronic atomizer.
  • An electronic atomizer is a product that uses atomization and other means to turn atomization media into vapor for users to inhale.
  • the atomizer core is the core component of the electronic atomizer and plays a vital role in the taste, aerosol volume and other performance of the electronic atomizer.
  • porous ceramics As the atomization core. Most of them use diatomaceous earth, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, etc. as raw materials, add glass powder, pore-forming agent, etc., and produce porous ceramics by sintering the prepared particles.
  • the use of porous ceramics as the atomization core has the characteristics of good uniformity, long life, delicate taste, and high degree of mechanization.
  • the porous ceramic heating element has a certain proportion of semi-closed pores and fine pores, which easily cause the adsorption of low-viscosity components in the atomization medium, thereby affecting the suction taste and aroma restoration.
  • the microscopic surface of the porous ceramic heating element is rough and has low continuity, and it cannot be matched with a thin film heating film.
  • porous glass Compared with porous ceramics, porous glass has the characteristics of smooth and continuous microstructure, low proportion of micro-nanopores, and is not easy to adsorb the atomized medium, which improves the taste and aroma restoration of electronic atomizers to a certain extent.
  • the porous glass in the prior art has an uneven pore structure and the pores are not connected. Poor permeability results in large differences in the path lengths through which the atomized liquid matrix (such as e-liquid) passes.
  • the presence of one-way connected open holes contained in the porous material hinders the transmission speed of the atomized liquid matrix (e-liquid), resulting in large differences in the transmission speed of the atomized liquid matrix.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present application is to overcome the defects of the porous glass in the prior art, such as uneven pore structure, poor connectivity, and easy carbon deposition, thereby providing a porous glass, atomization core, and electronic atomizer with multi-directional connected holes.
  • the present application provides a porous glass with multi-directional connected holes, comprising a skeleton and multi-directional connected holes, wherein the multi-directional connected holes are spherical holes connected to at least six holes around them.
  • the multi-directional connecting hole is connected to 6-12 holes around it;
  • the multi-directional connecting hole is connected to 7-10 holes around it.
  • the skeleton comprises a fiber skeleton serving as a frame structure and a glass covering bonding layer serving as bonding stability, and the total volume of the skeleton accounts for 25-35%;
  • the glass covering adhesive layer comprises glass powder and residual fiber particle components which have not formed a fiber skeleton.
  • the fiber skeleton has a length of 75-150 microns and a diameter of 15-45 microns;
  • the weight percentage of the fiber skeleton is in the range of 12-45%;
  • the weight of the glass covering adhesive layer is The scores range from 55-88%.
  • the porosity of the porous glass is 65-75%
  • the porosity is 70-75%.
  • the pore diameter of the multi-directional connected pores is 70-80 microns
  • the average diameter of the pore throats of the connecting channels between the pores is 25-45 microns
  • the pore throats are distributed in the 5-60 micron region, wherein more than 50% of the pore throats are distributed in the 20-45 micron region.
  • the average diameter of the pore throats is 28-36 microns, the pore throats are distributed in the 10-55 micron region, and more than 90% of the pore throats are distributed in the 20-45 micron region.
  • the average diameter of the pore throats is about 29-35 microns, the pore throats are distributed in the 12-50 micron region, and the pore throats distributed in the 20-45 micron region account for more than 95%;
  • the pore throats are all distributed in the 20-45 micron region.
  • the present application also provides an atomizing core, which uses the above-mentioned porous glass with multi-directional connecting holes as a substrate, and a heating unit is arranged on the substrate.
  • the temperature field deviation of the atomization core is less than 10°C.
  • the present application also provides an electronic atomizer, comprising the above-mentioned atomization core.
  • the porous glass substrate has a thickness of 1 to 3 mm, and optionally, a thickness of 1.2 to 2.5 mm.
  • the electronic cigarette smoking time is set to 3s.
  • the smoke oil is transferred from the oil inlet surface to the atomization surface through the porous matrix channel.
  • the time difference of passing through each oil supply channel is higher than 3s, there will be a local oil shortage.
  • the time difference of passing through each oil supply channel is higher than 3s, there will be a local oil shortage.
  • the non-connected pore content allowed in each channel is approximately 3V/L.
  • the non-connected hole content allowed in each channel should be less than 30%, that is, the multi-directional connected holes account for at least 70%; when the thickness is 2 mm, the non-connected hole content allowed in each channel should be less than 18%, that is, the multi-directional connected holes account for at least 82%; when the thickness is 2.5 mm, the non-connected hole content allowed in each channel should be less than 14.4%, that is, the multi-directional connected holes account for at least 85.6%.
  • the proportion of multi-directional connected holes reaches 100%, so that the heating element structure has the highest uniformity, and the structural stability and oil conduction performance are relatively ideal.
  • the conduction speed in the porous matrix is faster, and accordingly, the proportion of multi-directional interconnected pores can be reduced to a smaller value such as 65%.
  • the porous glass with multi-directional interconnected pores provided in the present application is prepared by molding glass and fiber materials and pore-forming agent powder.
  • the pore former is designed to be added according to the volume ratio of the close packing, that is, the volume of the pore former accounts for 60-75% of the total material volume, and optionally, the volume of the pore former accounts for 70-75% of the total volume.
  • the glass powder acts as a bonding skeleton.
  • Fine glass powder can be evenly dispersed in the entire system, making the porous glass pore distribution more uniform and well connected after sintering. At the same time, fine glass powder can shorten the sintering time and reduce the glass flow at high temperature, thereby improving the efficiency and increasing the uniformity of the overall material.
  • the fiber component in this case acts as a skeleton support.
  • a fiber skeleton of 70-150 microns can be selected as a support.
  • small-sized fibers or ceramic particles do not affect the overall frame structure. After sintering, small-sized fibers Or the ceramic particles are wrapped by glass powder and gathered at the fiber bonding point (the gap between the pore formers) to form support end points.
  • the porous glass includes a skeleton and multi-directional interconnected holes, wherein the skeleton includes a fiber skeleton with a scaffolding structure and a glass covering bonding layer with a bonding and stabilizing effect; the fiber skeleton has a length of 70-150 microns, a skeleton diameter of 15-45 microns, and a weight percentage range of 12-45%; the fiber skeleton material is a high-temperature resistant ceramic fiber material, including alumina, mullite, zirconia, etc., the fiber diameter is 10-40 microns, and the length is 10-150 microns, wherein the effective fiber length of the scaffolding structure is 70-150 microns; the glass covering bonding layer includes glass material and fibers or ceramic powders without a scaffolding structure, and the weight percentage range is 55-88%.
  • the method for preparing the porous glass material generally includes: mixing glass powder, fiber components, and pore-forming agents to prepare a green body, debinding, sintering, and the like.
  • the fiber component has a diameter of 3-30 ⁇ m and a length of 20-500 ⁇ m;
  • the fiber component has a diameter of 10-25 ⁇ m and a length of 20-150 ⁇ m.
  • the aspect ratio of the fiber component is 1-10, and optionally, the aspect ratio of the fiber with a length of 50-150 ⁇ m is 2-5;
  • fibers with a fiber length of more than 50 ⁇ m account for 25%, optionally, account for more than 40%; further optionally, account for 40-100%.
  • the glass powder accounts for 40-62%, and the fiber component accounts for 38-60%;
  • the amount of the pore former used is 0.3-2.5 times the total mass of the glass powder and fiber components.
  • the steps of the injection molding process are roughly as follows: the mixed materials and injection molding additives (paraffin, polyethylene and dispersant, etc.) are mixed in an internal mixer at high temperature until they are uniform, and then a green body of a specified shape is prepared by injection molding.
  • injection molding additives paraffin, polyethylene and dispersant, etc.
  • the debinding temperature is 200-800°C, and the debinding time is 5-50h; optionally, the debinding temperature is 200-350°C.
  • the sintering temperature is 900-1250° C. or 1180-1320° C.
  • the sintering time is 10-180 min.
  • the method for preparing the porous glass satisfies at least one of the following (1)-(5):
  • the softening temperature of the glass powder is 600-1200°C; the softening point of the selected fiber raw material is above the sintering temperature in the preparation method and can play a skeleton role;
  • the particle size of the glass powder is less than 10 ⁇ m, and optionally, the particle size is less than 3000 mesh;
  • the fiber component is at least one of silicon carbide fiber, silicon nitride fiber, aluminum silicate fiber, quartz fiber, mullite fiber, alumina fiber, hydroxyapatite fiber, and zirconium oxide fiber;
  • the pore-forming agent material is one or a mixture of materials such as carbon powder, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polylactic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene terephthalate, engineering plastics, starch, cellulose, sawdust, graphite powder, etc. that can be decomposed, volatilized or burned by high temperature;
  • the particle size of the pore former is 10-300 ⁇ m, and optionally, the average particle size of the pore former is 80 ⁇ m.
  • a porous glass material with better connectivity can be obtained by adjusting the addition ratio of pore formers with different diameters.
  • the glass raw materials and fiber materials are pre-treated as follows: deal with:
  • the particle size of the glass powder raw material is less than 10 microns, and glass powder with a mesh size of less than 3000 can be used.
  • commercially available glass powder can be milled for 3-5 hours using ethanol as solvent and a high-energy planetary ball mill at a speed of 200-500r/min, and then dried and sieved before use.
  • the fiber can be mullite fiber, zirconia fiber or alumina fiber and other high temperature resistant fibers.
  • mullite fiber can be selected, with a fiber diameter of 10-25 microns, a length of less than 100 microns, and a fiber aspect ratio of 1-10.
  • commercially available 2-5 mm short-cut fibers are first crushed to less than 0.5 mm by a crusher, and then ethanol is used as a solvent and stearic acid is used as a grinding aid.
  • High-energy planetary ball milling is performed for 2-8 hours at a ball milling speed of 100-400 r/min.
  • ball milling is performed at 300 r/min for 6 hours.
  • the ball-milled fibers are washed with ethanol, dried and passed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the target fibers.
  • the porous glass with multi-directional interconnected pores is prepared by injection molding, and the preparation method is as follows:
  • the pore former is a spherical pore former with a particle size of 10-300 microns.
  • the pore former has a diameter of 80 microns or a diameter of 50 microns.
  • the mixed material and injection molding additives are mixed at high temperature in a mixer until uniform, and then prepared into a green body of a specified shape by injection molding.
  • the porous glass with multi-directional interconnected pores can be prepared by directly densely packing hollow glass microspheres and then sintering.
  • the particle size of the hollow glass microspheres selected is 50-120 microns, and optionally, the particle size of the hollow glass microspheres is 80-100 microns.
  • the porous matrix can be prepared by gel casting, firstly heating the hollow glass microspheres to 80°C, and then adding them to a sol solution at 80°C, After stirring and degassing, the mixture is injected into a mold at a pressure of 5 MPa, cooled to form a gel blank, dried at 50°C, sintered at 1000°C for 30 minutes, and naturally cooled to obtain a porous glass matrix.
  • the atomizer core provided in the present application is based on porous glass as a substrate, and a heating unit is arranged on the substrate, and the heating unit is a heating wire, a heating net or a heating film.
  • the heating wire or the heating net needs to be embedded in the green body forming process, and then sintered together with the formed green body to obtain a porous glass atomizer core; when a heating film is used, a thick film resistive heating film can be printed on the porous glass substrate by screen printing or a thin film resistive heating film can be sprayed or magnetron sputtered, and the pattern of the heating film can be designed, and then the porous glass atomizer core can be obtained through a sintering step.
  • a thick film resistive heating film is prepared by screen printing technology.
  • the main components of the thick film are nickel-based alloys, iron-based alloys, silver alloys, titanium alloys, aluminum alloys, stainless steel, etc., including elements such as Fe, Cr, Ni, Ti, Pa, Pt, Al, Mo, Si, Ag, etc.
  • the protruding thickness of the thick film is 11-100 ⁇ m, the infiltration thickness is 10-100 ⁇ m, the line width is 250-450 ⁇ m, the line spacing is 300 ⁇ m-900 ⁇ m, and the patterns used are S, M, ⁇ , etc.
  • the sintering temperature of the heating film is 700-1200°C, and the sintering time is 0.5-3h.
  • the thin film resistive heating film is prepared by spraying or magnetron sputtering.
  • the main components of the film are nickel-based alloys, silver alloys, titanium alloys, aluminum alloys, stainless steel, etc., containing elements such as Fe, Cr, Ni, Ti, Pa, Pt, Al, Mo, Si, Ag, etc.
  • the protruding thickness of the film is 0.5-5 ⁇ m.
  • the present application also provides a porous glass atomization core prepared by sintering the printed film based on the porous glass material, and its heating membrane is a porous heating membrane, wherein: the porous heating membrane includes a part higher than the surface of the porous substrate and a part infiltrated into the porous substrate, wherein the part higher than the surface of the porous substrate is a porous structure with a pore size of 5-30 microns, the pores are interconnected and connected with the pores of the substrate, the membrane is about 30-100 microns higher than the surface of the substrate, as shown in Figure 2, and the optional height is about 60-100 microns; the resistance of the heating film is 0.8-1.2 ohms.
  • the porous glass with multi-directional connected holes provided by the present application comprises a skeleton and multi-directional connected holes, wherein the multi-directional connected holes are spherical holes connected to at least 6 holes around them.
  • the present application defines the structure of the connected holes, so that the atomized liquid matrix such as smoke oil is transmitted at a fast speed and with a small difference in the transmission path during the transmission process.
  • the multi-channel connection reduces the current situation of insufficient or unbalanced oil supply in the atomization core, improves the local coking phenomenon of suction, and enhances the taste and suction experience of the electronic cigarette.
  • the porous glass with multi-directional connecting holes provided in the present application limits the hole size so that the connecting channel size between the holes is more uniform, which can further avoid uneven liquid conduction speed and local overheating during the use of the atomizer core, and avoid the generation of local coking and carbon deposition.
  • FIG1 is a microscopic morphology of the green body obtained in Example 1 of the present application.
  • FIG2 is a microscopic morphology of the porous glass obtained in Example 1 of the present application, wherein a is the surface, and b and c are cross sections;
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a multi-directional interconnected pore structure of a porous glass obtained in Example 1 of the present application;
  • FIG4 is a diagram of the tobacco oil infiltration of the porous glass substrate obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 of the present application;
  • FIG5 is a macroscopic and microscopic morphology of the porous heating film in the test example of the present application.
  • FIG6 is a temperature field distribution and a temperature distribution diagram of Example 1 during the atomization process in the test example of the present application;
  • FIG7 is a comparison diagram of carbon deposition in Example 1 of the present application (left) and a commercially available ceramic heating element (right);
  • FIG8 is a temperature field distribution and a temperature distribution diagram of Example 2 during the atomization process in the test example of the present application;
  • FIG9 is a temperature field distribution and a temperature distribution diagram of Comparative Example 1 during the atomization process in the test example of the present application;
  • FIG10 is a microscopic morphology of the green body obtained in Example 2 of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing the multi-directional interconnected pore structure of the porous glass obtained in Example 2 of the present application.
  • the present embodiment provides a porous glass having multi-directional interconnected pores, and the preparation method thereof comprises the following steps:
  • the glass powder was ball-milled at a speed of 300r/min in a planetary ball mill for 3 hours, dried and sieved to obtain glass powder with a particle size of less than 5 microns; the crushed mullite chopped fibers were planetarily ball-milled at a speed of 300r/min for 6 hours with stearic acid as a grinding aid and ethanol as a solvent, washed with ethanol, dried, and sieved with 100 mesh to obtain fiber raw materials.
  • the pore former in one plane, is closely stacked with the surrounding 6 pore formers, and the pore former has a face-centered close-packed or hexagonal close-packed trend.
  • the temperature was raised to 200°C in 200 minutes, and then raised to 500°C at 0.5°C per minute, wherein the holding time was set at 240°C, 280°C, 300°C, and 350°C for 2 hours, and then the temperature was raised to 1180°C at 5°C per minute, and the temperature was kept for 30 minutes, and then naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain a porous glass material with a fiber volume content of 48%.
  • the microscopic morphology of the porous glass matrix after sintering is shown in Figures 2 and 3.
  • the densely packed pore former leaves a pore structure.
  • the pores generated by the pore former are interconnected with about 6 surrounding pores.
  • the porosity of the porous matrix was tested by mercury intrusion method, and the porosity was 72.0%, and the average pore throat was 37.7 microns.
  • a porous glass substrate with a length of 9 mm, a width of 4 mm, and a height of 2.5 mm was prepared, and its oil conduction speed was tested at room temperature.
  • a smoke oil with a viscosity of 230 cP was selected, and the substrate was placed vertically (height 9 mm). It took about 74.5 seconds for the smoke oil to rise by 9 mm, and the oil conduction speed was 0.121 mm/s.
  • a commercially available porous ceramic substrate (Feelm heating element, Shenzhen McWell Technology Co., Ltd.) took 100 seconds to raise the smoke oil by 9 mm, and the oil conduction speed was 0.09 mm/s.
  • the oil conduction speed of the porous glass substrate was increased by about 34%.
  • the time difference from the presence of smoke oil on the atomizing surface to the complete spreading of the smoke oil on the entire atomizing surface was 1 second, and the smoke oil immersion was shown in Figure 4a.
  • the porous glass with multi-directional interconnected pores provided in this embodiment is different from that in Example 1, which is prepared with 9 volumes of glass powder, 11 volumes of fiber, and 30 volumes of PMMA (80 microns) pore formers.
  • the porosity of the porous matrix was tested by mercury intrusion method and was 60.5%, with an average pore throat of 27.5 microns.
  • the microscopic morphology of the green body is shown in FIG10 . It can be seen from the figure that the pore former is approximately a tetragonal, orthogonal or simple cubic close-packed structure rather than a face-centered cubic or hexagonal close-packed structure. In the same plane, a single pore former is interconnected with the surrounding four pore formers.
  • the microscopic morphology of the surface of the porous glass matrix is shown in FIG11 , where the matrix pores are interconnected with the surrounding five pores (in fact, the material is a three-dimensional structure, and other surfaces will also have interconnected pore structures).
  • Example 2 The same test method as in Example 1 was used, with an oil guide speed of 0.114 mm/s and a thickness of 2.5 mm. In the test, the time difference from the presence of e-liquid on the atomizing surface to the e-liquid spreading all over the atomizing surface is 1.5s.
  • the present comparative example provides a porous glass substrate material, and the preparation method thereof comprises the following steps:
  • the glass powder is ball milled at a speed of 300r/min in a planetary ball mill for 3h, dried and sieved to obtain glass powder with a particle size of 3-5 microns; the crushed mullite chopped fibers are planetarily ball milled at a speed of 300r/min for 6h with stearic acid as a grinding aid and ethanol as a solvent, washed with ethanol, dried, and sieved with 100 mesh to obtain fiber raw materials.
  • 28 volumes of glass powder, 14 volumes of fiber, and 58 volumes of PMMA (80 microns) pore-forming agent are mixed in a three-dimensional mixer for 2h, the mixed materials are added to an internal mixer, 20% paraffin, 5% polyethylene, and 5% dispersing aid are added, and the mixture is internally kneaded at 180°C for 2h, and then prepared into a blank by an injection molding machine.
  • the temperature was raised to 200°C within 200 minutes, and then raised to 500°C at a rate of 0.5°C per minute, with a 2-hour insulation time set at 240°C, 280°C, 300°C, and 350°C respectively.
  • the temperature was then raised to 1250°C at a rate of 5°C per minute, and kept for 30 minutes.
  • the material was naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain a porous glass material with a fiber volume content of 33.3%.
  • a rectangular parallelepiped sample of 9 ⁇ 4 ⁇ 2.5 mm in size was prepared, and the porosity of the porous matrix was 57.9% and the average pore throat was 25 ⁇ m using the mercury intrusion method.
  • the same test method as in Example 1 was used to test the oil conduction speed of the smoke oil at 0.106 mm/s; with a thickness of 2.5 mm, the time difference from the presence of smoke oil on the atomization surface to the complete spread of the smoke oil on the entire atomization surface was 4 seconds, and the connected pores of the matrix were calculated to be 82.4%, and the smoke oil immersion was shown in Figure 4b.
  • the porous glass material prepared in the embodiment and the comparative example is used to prepare the atomizer core, and a porous nickel-based heating film slurry (the main element is Ni, containing a small amount of Fe, Cr, Co, W, Mo, Al, Ag, Ru, B, elements) is used.
  • the porous heating film is sintered to obtain a porous heating film with a pore size of 5-30 microns.
  • the pores are interconnected and connected to the substrate pores. It is about 70 microns higher than the substrate and has a penetration thickness of about 70 microns.
  • the pattern is shown in Figure 5.
  • the line width is about 350 ⁇ m
  • the line spacing is about 550 ⁇ m
  • the line is about 750 microns away from the edge of the substrate.
  • the sintering temperature is 1050°C and the time is 30min to obtain a porous glass atomizer core.
  • Use red The atomization temperature of the porous glass atomization core was examined by an external thermal imager. The test was conducted with a fruit-flavored e-liquid and a 7.5W constant power board. According to the puffing procedure of energizing for 3s and pausing for 27s, the temperature field of the porous glass atomization core was evenly distributed during the atomization process, with no local high temperature points.
  • the atomization temperature of Example 1 was stably distributed between 230-240°C, as shown in Figure 6.
  • Example 2 The atomization temperature stability of Example 2 was slightly lower than that of Example 1, and its atomization temperature was mainly distributed between 239°C and 256°C, as shown in Figure 8.
  • the atomization temperature of Comparative Example 1 was unstably distributed between 242-300°C, as shown in Figure 9.
  • the porous glass atomizer cores prepared in Examples 1, 2 and Comparative Example 1 were tested for cigarette loading, using fruit-flavored e-liquid.
  • the porous glass atomizer core in Example 1 is not easy to deposit carbon after puffing.
  • the porous glass atomizer core after 400 puffs, has a significant advantage over the ceramic heating element (right picture) in terms of carbon deposition, while the commercially available ceramic heating element has serious carbon deposition after 400 puffs.
  • the carbon deposition of Example 2 is close to that of Example 1
  • the carbon deposition of Comparative Example 1 is close to that of the commercially available ceramic heating element, so the pictures are no longer shown one by one.

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Abstract

本申请属于多孔材料技术领域，具体涉及一种具有多向连通孔的多孔玻璃、雾化芯和电子雾化器。本申请提供的具有多向连通孔的多孔玻璃，包括骨架和多向连通孔，其中，所述多向连通孔为球形孔，至少与其周边的6个孔连通。本申请通过对连通孔结构的限定，使得烟油等雾化液基质在传递过程中，传递速度快，传递路径差别小，多通道连通减少了雾化芯局部供油不足或供油不平衡的现状，改善抽吸过程中出现的局部焦化现象，提升电子烟口感及抽吸体验。

Description

一种具有多向连通孔的多孔玻璃、雾化芯和电子雾化器
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求在2023年5月19日提交中国专利局、申请号为202310575203.2、发明名称为“一种具有多向连通孔的多孔玻璃、雾化芯和电子雾化器”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请属于多孔材料技术领域，具体涉及一种具有多向连通孔的多孔玻璃、雾化芯和电子雾化器。
背景技术
电子雾化器是一种通过雾化等手段，将雾化介质等变成蒸汽，让用户吸食的一种产品。雾化芯是电子雾化器的核心部件，对电子雾化器的口感、气溶胶量等性能起到了至关重要的作用。
封闭式电子雾化器大部分采用多孔陶瓷作为雾化芯，大多数采用硅藻土、氧化硅、氧化铝等为原料，加入玻璃粉、造孔剂等，通过烧结制备的颗粒堆积产生的多孔陶瓷。采用多孔陶瓷作雾化芯，具有均一性好，寿命长，口感细腻、械化程度高等特点。但是，多孔陶瓷发热体具有一定的比例的半闭孔和微细孔隙的特点，容易造成对雾化介质中低粘度成分的吸附，进而影响抽吸口感和香气还原度。同时，多孔陶瓷发热体微观表面粗糙、连续性较低，无法搭配薄膜发热膜。
与多孔陶瓷相比，多孔玻璃具有微观结构光滑连续、微纳孔比例较低的特点，不易对雾化介质产生吸附等特点，在一定程度上提升了电子雾化器的口感和香气还原度。然而，现有技术中的多孔玻璃的孔结构不均匀，孔的连 通性差，使得雾化液基质(如烟油)通过的路径长度差别大，特别是多孔材料中所包含的单向连通的开口孔的存在，阻碍了雾化液基质(烟油)的传输速度，使得雾化液基质传递速度差别大，雾化液基质传递速度慢的部分区域，在雾化过程中容易产生供油不充分现象，使得局部焦化，产生积碳，严重影响客户抽吸体验，同时，积碳的累积效应，还将加速雾化芯的失效。
发明内容
因此，本申请要解决的技术问题在于克服现有技术中的多孔玻璃孔结构不均匀、连通性差、易积碳等缺陷，从而提供一种具有多向连通孔的多孔玻璃、雾化芯和电子雾化器。
为此，本申请提供如下技术方案：
本申请提供一种具有多向连通孔的多孔玻璃，包括骨架和多向连通孔，其中，所述多向连通孔为球形孔，至少与其周边的6个孔连通。
可选地，所述多向连通孔与其周边的6-12个孔连通；
可选地，所述多向连通孔与其周边的7-10个孔连通。
可选地，所述骨架包括起搭架结构的纤维骨架和粘结稳定作用的玻璃覆盖粘结层，所述骨架总体积占比为25-35％；
其中，所述玻璃覆盖粘结层包括玻璃粉和未形成纤维骨架的剩余纤维颗粒组分。
可选地，所述纤维骨架长度75-150微米，纤维骨架直径15-45微米；
可选地，所述具有多向连通孔的多孔玻璃中，纤维骨架的重量百分数占比范围为12-45％；
可选地，所述具有多向连通孔的多孔玻璃中，玻璃覆盖粘结层的重量百 分数占比范围为55-88％。
可选地，所述多孔玻璃的孔隙率为65-75％；
可选地，孔隙率为70-75％。
可选地，所述多向连通孔的孔径为70-80微米，孔与孔的连通通道孔喉的平均直径为25-45微米，孔喉分布于5-60微米区域，其中，50％以上孔喉分布于20-45微米。
可选地，所述孔喉的平均直径为28-36微米，孔喉分布于10-55微米区域，90％以上孔喉分布于20-45微米。
可选地，所述孔喉的平均直径约29-35微米，孔喉分布于12-50微米区域，分布于20-45微米的孔喉占比高于95％；
可选地，孔喉均分布于20-45微米区域。
本申请还提供一种雾化芯，以上述的具有多向连通孔的多孔玻璃为基体，所述基体上设置有发热单元。
可选地，所述雾化芯在雾化过程中，温度场偏差小于10℃。
本申请还提供一种电子雾化器，包括上述的雾化芯。
一般的，对于长方体平板型雾化器，如：4×9mm，或7×3.5mm等，多孔玻璃基体厚度1～3mm，可选地，厚度1.2-2.5mm。
一般的，根据实际人们抽吸过程，在测试电子烟抽吸过程中，设置电子烟抽吸时间为3s，对于电子烟雾化芯多孔基体，烟油从进油面通过多孔基体通道传输至雾化面上，当其经过各个供油通道的时间差高于3s时，将会出现局部供油不足现象。对于某一特定发热体，假设某一种烟油等雾化介质的通 过时的传输速度为V，则3s时间差所导致的路径差为3V。因此，对于不同厚度(L)的基体材料，其各通道所允许的非连通孔含量约占3V/L。
例如，对于导油速度0.12mm/s的基体，若厚度1.2mm时，其各通道所允许的非连通孔含量应小于30％，即多向连通孔占比至少70％；厚度为2mm时，其各通道所允许的非连通孔含量应小于18％，即多向连通孔占比至少82％；厚度为2.5mm时，其各通道所允许的非连通孔含量应小于14.4％，即多向连通孔占比至少85.6％。理论上来说，最佳的实施例，多向连通孔的占比达到100％，这样发热体结构均匀性最高，结构稳定性和导油性能均较为理想。
一般的，对于粘度越小的烟油等雾化液介质，其在多孔基体的传导速度越快，相应的，其多向连通孔占比可以到更小的数值如：65％等。
本申请所提供的具有多向连通孔的多孔玻璃，通过玻璃及纤维材料和造孔剂粉末成型制备获得。
一般的，对于等径球体的五种密堆积方式：简单立方密堆积，配位数6，堆积密度52.4％；正交密堆，配位数8，堆积密度60.5％；四方密堆，配位数10，堆积密度69.8％；面心立方密堆积和六方密堆积，配位数12，堆积密度74.2％。为了获得该多向连通孔构建的多孔玻璃材料，设计造孔剂按照密堆的体积比加入，即：造孔剂体积占总材料体积的60-75％，可选地，造孔剂体积占总体积的70-75％。
本案中玻璃粉末起粘结骨架的作用，细的玻璃粉末能均匀分散在整个体系中，使得烧结后多孔玻璃孔分布更均匀，连通性好；同时，细的玻璃粉末可以缩短烧结时间，减少高温下玻璃流动，在提升效率的同时增加了整体材料的均匀性能。本案中的纤维组分起骨架支撑作用，对于制备70-80微米孔径，30-40微米孔喉的多孔材料，可选起支撑作用的纤维骨架70-150微米；一般的，小尺寸的纤维或陶瓷颗粒不影响整体搭架结构，烧结后，小尺寸的纤维 或陶瓷颗粒被玻璃粉末包裹后聚集于纤维粘结处(造孔剂间隙处)，形成支撑端点。
所述多孔玻璃包括骨架及多向连通孔，其中骨架包括起搭架结构的纤维骨架和粘结稳定作用的玻璃覆盖粘结层；所述纤维骨架长度70-150微米，骨架直径15-45微米，重量百分数范围为12-45％；所述纤维骨架材料为耐高温陶瓷纤维材料，包括氧化铝、莫来石、氧化锆等，所述纤维直径10-40微米，长度10-150微米，其中，起搭架结构的有效纤维长度70-150微米；所述玻璃覆盖粘结层包括玻璃材料及未起搭架结构的纤维或陶瓷粉末，其重量百分数范围55-88％。
可选地，所述多孔玻璃材料的制备方法一般包括：将玻璃粉、纤维组分、造孔剂混合，制备生坯，经排胶，烧结等步骤。
可选地，所述纤维组分的直径为3-30μm，长度为20-500μm；
可选地，所述纤维组分的直径为10-25微米，长度为20-150μm。
可选地，所述纤维组分的长径比为1-10，可选地，长度为50-150μm的纤维的长径比为2-5；
和/或，纤维组分中，纤维长度在50μm以上的纤维占比在25％，可选地，占比在40％以上；进一步可选地，占比为40-100％。
以玻璃粉和纤维组分的总质量计，所述玻璃粉占40-62％，所述纤维组分占38-60％；
和/或，所述造孔剂的用量为玻璃粉和纤维组分总质量的0.3-2.5倍。
选用流延工艺，注塑工艺，干压工艺，凝胶注模程序工艺中的任一种制备生坯；
制备生坯的上述工艺均为领域内已知的，可根据选择的不同工艺添加使用相应的加工助剂。典型非限定性地，注塑工艺的步骤大致为：将混料后的材料与注塑添加剂(石蜡、聚乙烯及分散剂等)于密炼机高温密炼至均匀，再通过注塑制备成指定形状的生坯。
和/或，所述排胶温度为200-800℃，排胶时间为5-50h；可选地，所述排胶温度为200-350℃。
和/或，所述烧结温度为900-1250℃或者1180-1320℃，烧结时间为10-180min。
可选地，所述的多孔玻璃的制备方法，满足以下(1)-(5)中的至少一项：
(1)所述玻璃粉的软化温度为600-1200℃；所选纤维原料的软化点在制备方法中的烧结温度以上即可起到骨架作用；
(2)所述玻璃粉的粒径在10μm以下，可选地，粒径在3000目以下；
(3)所述纤维组分为碳化硅纤维，氮化硅纤维，硅酸铝纤维，石英纤维，莫来石纤维，氧化铝纤维，羟基磷石灰纤维，氧化锆纤维中的至少一种；
(4)所述造孔剂材料为碳粉、聚苯乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚乳酸、聚乙烯醇、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、工程塑料、淀粉、纤维素、木屑、石墨粉中等经高温能分解、挥发或燃烧的材料中的一种或混合物；
(5)所述造孔剂的粒径为10-300μm，可选地，所述造孔剂的平均粒径为80微米。可以通过调节不同直径造孔剂的加入比例来获得更好连通性的多孔玻璃材料。
为了获得该特殊孔隙结构的多孔玻璃，对玻璃原料及纤维材料做如下预 处理：
(1)玻璃粉体原料粒径小于10微米，可选使用3000目以下的玻璃粉末。为了获得均匀粒径的玻璃粉，可将市售的玻璃粉末，以乙醇为溶剂，使用高能行星球磨机以200-500r/min的转速，球磨3-5小时，烘干过筛后使用。
(2)纤维可以使用莫来石纤维、氧化锆纤维或氧化铝等耐高温纤维，本案可选莫来石纤维，纤维直径10-25微米，长度小于100微米，纤维长径比1-10。一般的，先通过破碎机将市售的2-5mm的短切纤维破碎至0.5mm以下，再以乙醇为溶剂，硬脂酸为助磨剂，高能行星球磨2-8小时，球磨转速100-400r/min，可选的，以300r/min球磨6小时，球磨后的纤维经乙醇洗涤，烘干过100目筛，获得目标纤维。
可选地，本具有多向连通孔的多孔玻璃采用注塑法制备获得，其制备方法如下：
将玻璃，纤维，以及造孔剂按照一定的比例配料，并用三维混炼机混料2小时至均匀。所述造孔剂为球形造孔剂，造孔剂粒径10-300微米，可选地，造孔剂直径80微米，或者造孔剂直径50微米。将混料后的材料与注塑添加剂(石蜡、聚乙烯及分散剂)于密炼机高温密炼至均匀，再通过注塑制备成指定形状的生坯。按200分钟升温至200℃，再以0.5℃每分钟升温至500℃，其中分别于240℃，280℃，300℃，350℃设置2小时保温时间，然后按5℃每分钟升温至1180℃-1320℃，保温30分钟，自然冷却至室温。一般的，可以根据造孔剂的热重曲线来获得较优的排胶工艺。
或者，所述具有多向连通孔的多孔玻璃可以通过空心玻璃微球直接密堆积，再经烧结制备获得。一般的，所选用的空心玻璃微球粒径为50-120微米，可选地、空心玻璃微球粒径为80-100微米。一般的，可以使用凝胶注模法制备多孔基体，先将空心玻璃微球加热至80℃，然后将其加入至80℃溶胶液中， 搅拌、脱泡，以5MPa的压力注入模具中，待冷却成凝胶素坯，素坏于50℃下烘干，再于1000℃下烧结30分钟，自然冷却后获得多孔玻璃基体。
典型非限定性的，本申请提供的雾化芯以多孔玻璃为基体，基体上设置有发热单元，所述发热单元为发热丝，发热网或发热膜。其中，发热丝或发热网需要在生坯成型过程中嵌入，然后与成型坯体一起进行烧结，得到多孔玻璃雾化芯；当采用发热膜的时候，可以在多孔玻璃基体上，采用丝网印刷的方式印刷厚膜电阻发热膜或者喷涂、磁控溅射薄膜电阻发热膜的形式，设计发热膜的图案，然后再经过烧结步骤得到多孔玻璃雾化芯。
典型非限定性的，采用丝网印刷工艺制备厚膜电阻发热膜，厚膜的主要成分为镍基合金、铁基合金、银合金、钛合金、铝合金、不锈钢等，包含Fe、Cr、Ni、Ti、Pa、Pt、Al、Mo、Si、Ag等元素，厚膜突出厚度为11-100μm，下渗厚度为10-100μm，线宽为250-450μm，线距为300μm-900μm，采用的图案S、M、Ω等图案，发热膜烧结温度为700-1200℃，烧结时间为0.5-3h。
典型非限定性的，采用喷涂或者磁控溅射制备薄膜电阻发热膜，薄膜的主要成分为镍基合金、银合金、钛合金、铝合金、不锈钢等，包含Fe、Cr、Ni、Ti、Pa、Pt、Al、Mo、Si、Ag等元素，薄膜突出厚度为0.5-5μm。
具体地，本申请还提供一种基于该多孔玻璃材料印膜烧结后制备的多孔玻璃雾化芯，其发热膜为多孔发热膜，其中：多孔发热膜包括高于多孔基体表面部分和渗入多孔基体部分，其中，高于多孔基体表面部分为多孔结构，孔径5-30微米，孔与孔之间相互连通，并与基体孔贯通，膜高于基体表面约30-100微米，如图2所示，可选的高度约为60-100微米；发热膜阻值0.8-1.2欧姆。
本申请技术方案，具有如下优点：
本申请提供的具有多向连通孔的多孔玻璃，包括骨架和多向连通孔，其中，所述多向连通孔为球形孔，至少与其周边的6个孔连通。本申请通过对连通孔结构的限定，使得烟油等雾化液基质在传递过程中，传递速度快，传递路径差别小，多通道连通减少了雾化芯局部供油不足或供油不平衡的现状，改善抽吸局部焦化现象，提升电子烟口感及抽吸体验。
本申请提供的具有多向连通孔的多孔玻璃，通过对孔吼尺寸的限定，使孔与孔之间的连通通道尺寸更均匀，能够进一步避免在雾化芯使用中出现导液速度不均匀，出现局部过热的情况，避免了局部焦化和积碳的产生。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本申请的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请实施例1中所得生坯的微观形貌图；
图2是本申请实施例1中所得多孔玻璃的微观形貌图，其中，a为表面，b和c为断面；
图3是本申请实施例1中所得多孔玻璃的多向连通孔结构标注示意图；
图4是本申请实施例1和对比例2中所得多孔玻璃基体的烟油浸润图；
图5是本申请测试例中多孔发热膜的宏观和微观形貌图；
图6是本申请测试例中雾化过程中实施例1的温度场分布和温度分布图；
图7是本申请实施例1(左)和市售陶瓷发热体(右)的积碳情况对比图；
图8是本申请测试例中雾化过程中实施例2的温度场分布和温度分布图；
图9是本申请测试例中雾化过程中对比例1的温度场分布和温度分布图；
图10是本申请实施例2中所得生坯的微观形貌图；
图11是本申请实施例2中所得多孔玻璃的多向连通孔结构标注示意图。
具体实施方式
提供下述实施例是为了更好地进一步理解本申请，并不局限于所述最佳实施方式，不对本申请的内容和保护范围构成限制，任何人在本申请的启示下或是将本申请与其他现有技术的特征进行组合而得出的任何与本申请相同或相近似的产品，均落在本申请的保护范围之内。
实施例中未注明具体实验步骤或条件者，按照本领域内的文献所描述的常规实验步骤的操作或条件即可进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市购获得的常规试剂产品。
实施例1
本实施例提供的一种具有多向连通孔的多孔玻璃，其制备方法包含如下步骤：
以乙醇为溶剂，将玻璃粉末以300r/min的转速，于行星球磨机种球磨3h，烘干、过筛，获得粒径小于5微米的玻璃粉；将粉碎后的莫来石短切纤维，以硬脂酸为助磨剂，以乙醇为溶剂，以300r/min的转速，行星球磨6小时，乙醇洗涤后烘干、100目过筛，获得纤维原料。以13体积的玻璃粉(密度2.5g/mL，下同)、12体积纤维(密度2.8g/mL，下同)、75体积的PMMA(80微米)造孔剂配料，三维混料机中混料2h，将混合后的材料加入密炼机中，加入20％的石蜡，5％的聚乙烯，5％的分散助剂(邻苯二甲酸二丁酯，下同)，180℃密炼2h，再通过注塑机制备成生坯，微观形貌如图1所示，从图 中可以看出，在一个平面内，造孔剂与周围6个造孔剂紧密堆积，造孔剂有面心密堆或六方密堆趋势。按200分钟升温至200℃，再以0.5℃每分钟升温至500℃，其中分别于240℃，280℃，300℃，350℃设置2小时保温时间，然后按5℃每分钟升温至1180℃，保温30分钟，自然冷却至室温，获得纤维体积含量48％的多孔玻璃材料，烧结后多孔玻璃基体微观形貌如图2和图3所示，从图中可以看出，密堆积的造孔剂经烧结后，留下孔结构，同一平面内，造孔剂所产生的孔与周围约6个相互连通。使用压汞法测试多孔基体孔隙率72.0％，平均孔喉37.7微米。
取制备的长度9mm，宽度4mm，高度2.5mm的多孔玻璃基体，室温下测试其导油速度，选取粘度为230cP的烟油，将基体竖直放置(高度9mm)，烟油升高9mm用时约74.5s，导油速度0.121mm/s，相同条件下，市售多孔陶瓷基体(深圳市麦克韦尔科技有限公司，Feelm发热体)，烟油升高9mm用时100s，导油速度0.09mm/s，对比市售陶瓷发热体基体，多孔玻璃基体导油速度提升34％左右；以2.5mm厚度测试，雾化面上从有烟油到烟油全部铺展整个雾化面，时间差为1s，烟油浸没如图4a所示。
实施例2
本实施例提供的一种具有多向连通孔的多孔玻璃，与实施例1相比，区别在于：以9体积的玻璃粉、11体积纤维、30体积的PMMA(80微米)造孔剂配料。使用压汞法测试多孔基体孔隙率60.5％，平均孔喉27.5微米。其中，生坯的微观形貌如图10所示，从图中可以看出，造孔剂近似四方、正交或简单立方密堆结构而非面心立方或六方密堆积，其同一平面内，单个造孔剂与周围4个造孔剂相互连接。多孔玻璃基体表面微观形貌如图11所示，基体孔与周边5个孔相互连接(实际上材料为立体结构，其他面也会有连通的孔结构)。
采用与实施例1相同的测试方法，导油速度0.114mm/s，以2.5mm厚度 测试，雾化面上从有烟油到烟油全部铺展整个雾化面，时间差为1.5s。
对比例1
本对比例提供的一种多孔玻璃基体材料，其制备方法包含如下步骤：
以乙醇为溶剂，将玻璃粉末以300r/min的转速，于行星球磨机种球磨3h，烘干、过筛，获得粒径3-5微米的玻璃粉；将粉碎后的莫来石短切纤维，以硬脂酸为助磨剂，以乙醇为溶剂，以300r/min的转速，行星球磨6小时，乙醇洗涤后烘干、100目过筛，获得纤维原料。以28体积的玻璃粉、14体积纤维、58体积的PMMA(80微米)造孔剂配料，三维混料机中混料2h，将混合后的材料加入密炼机中，加入20％的石蜡，5％的聚乙烯，5％的分散助剂，180℃密炼2h，再通过注塑机制备成素坯。按200分钟升温至200℃，再以0.5℃每分钟升温至500℃，其中分别于240℃，280℃，300℃，350℃设置2小时保温时间，然后按5℃每分钟升温至1250℃，保温30分钟，自然冷却至室温，获得纤维体积含量33.3％的多孔玻璃材料。
制备9×4×2.5mm尺寸的长方体样品，使用压汞法测试多孔基体孔隙率57.9％，平均孔喉25微米。采用与实施例1相同的测试方法，测试烟油导油速度0.106mm/s；以2.5mm厚度测试，雾化面上从有烟油到烟油全部铺展整个雾化面，时间差为4s，计算其基体连通孔为82.4％，烟油浸没如图4b所示。
测试例
以实施例和对比例所制备的多孔玻璃材料制备雾化芯，采用多孔镍基发热膜浆料(主要元素为Ni，包含少量Fe、Cr、Co、W、Mo、Al、Ag、Ru、B、元素)，印膜烧结获得多孔发热膜，多孔发热膜孔径5-30微米，孔与孔相互连通，并与基体孔贯通，高于基体约70微米，下渗厚度约为70微米，图案如图5所示，线宽约为350μm，线距约为550μm，线与基体边缘相距约750微米，烧结温度为1050℃，时间为30min，得到多孔玻璃雾化芯。使用红 外热成像仪考察该多孔玻璃雾化芯雾化温度状况，以水果味烟油，7.5W恒功率板测试，按照通电3s停顿27s的抽吸程序，该多孔玻璃雾化芯雾化过程中，温度场分布均匀，无局部高温点，其中，实施例1的雾化温度稳定分布在230-240℃之间，如图6所示。实施例2的雾化温度稳定性略低于实施例1，其雾化温度主要分布在239℃-256℃之间，如图8所示。对比例1的雾化温度不稳定分布在242-300℃之间，如图9所示。
对实施例1、2和对比例1制备的多孔玻璃雾化芯装烟检测，使用水果味烟油，7.5w功率下，与市售陶瓷发热体(深圳市麦克韦尔科技有限公司，Feelm发热体)相比，实施例1多孔玻璃雾化芯抽吸后不易积碳，如图7所示，抽吸400口后，多孔玻璃雾化芯(左图)在积碳方面比陶瓷发热体(右图)有显著优势，而市售陶瓷发热体在测试400口后因积碳严重。其中，实施例2的积碳情况与实施例1接近，对比例1的积碳情况与市售陶瓷发热体接近，不再一一展示图片。
显然，上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例，而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引申出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本申请的保护范围之中。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种具有多向连通孔的多孔玻璃，其特征在于，包括骨架和多向连通孔，其中，所述多向连通孔为球形孔，至少与其周边的6个孔连通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的具有多向连通孔的多孔玻璃，其特征在于，所述多向连通孔与其周边的6-12个孔连通。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的具有多向连通孔的多孔玻璃，其特征在于，所述多向连通孔与其周边的7-10个孔连通。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的具有多向连通孔的多孔玻璃，其特征在于，所述骨架包括起搭架结构的纤维骨架和粘结稳定作用的玻璃覆盖粘结层，所述骨架总体积占比为25-35％。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的具有多向连通孔的多孔玻璃，其特征在于，所述纤维骨架长度75-150微米，纤维骨架直径15-45微米。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的具有多向连通孔的多孔玻璃，其特征在于，所述具有多向连通孔的多孔玻璃中，纤维骨架的重量百分数占比范围为12-45％。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的具有多向连通孔的多孔玻璃，其特征在于，所述具有多向连通孔的多孔玻璃中，玻璃覆盖粘结层的重量百分数占比范围为55-88％。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的具有多向连通孔的多孔玻璃，其特征在于，所述多孔玻璃的孔隙率为65-75％。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的具有多向连通孔的多孔玻璃，其特征在于，孔隙率为70-75％。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的具有多向连通孔的多孔玻璃，其特征在于，所述多向连通孔的孔径为70-80微米，孔与孔的连通通道孔喉的平均直径为25-45微米，孔喉分布于5-60微米区域，其中，50％以上孔喉分布于20-45微米。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的具有多向连通孔的多孔玻璃，其特征在于，所述孔喉的平均直径为28-36微米，孔喉分布于10-55微米区域，90％以上孔喉分布于20-45微米。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的孔通道均匀的多孔玻璃材料，其特征在于，所述孔喉的平均直径约29-35微米，孔喉分布于12-50微米区域，分布于20-45微米的孔喉占比高于95％。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的孔通道均匀的多孔玻璃材料，其特征在于，孔喉均分布于20-45微米区域。
  14. 一种雾化芯，其特征在于，以权利要求1-13任一项所述的具有多向连通孔的多孔玻璃为基体，所述基体上设置有发热单元。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的雾化芯，其特征在于，雾化过程中，温度场偏差小于10℃。
  16. 一种电子雾化器，其特征在于，包括权利要求14或15所述的雾化芯。
PCT/CN2024/085461 2023-05-19 2024-04-02 一种具有多向连通孔的多孔玻璃、雾化芯和电子雾化器 Ceased WO2024239802A1 (zh)

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Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR920017967A (ko) * 1991-03-25 1992-10-21 최영중 큰 개방기공용적을 갖는 다공질 소결유리의 제조방법
CN113149697A (zh) * 2021-04-23 2021-07-23 深圳市基克纳科技有限公司 一种组合物及含连续玻璃相的多孔陶瓷雾化芯
CN114804639A (zh) * 2022-05-25 2022-07-29 深圳麦克韦尔科技有限公司 一种多孔玻璃及其制备方法和应用

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR920017967A (ko) * 1991-03-25 1992-10-21 최영중 큰 개방기공용적을 갖는 다공질 소결유리의 제조방법
CN113149697A (zh) * 2021-04-23 2021-07-23 深圳市基克纳科技有限公司 一种组合物及含连续玻璃相的多孔陶瓷雾化芯
CN114804639A (zh) * 2022-05-25 2022-07-29 深圳麦克韦尔科技有限公司 一种多孔玻璃及其制备方法和应用

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