WO2024149115A1 - 电池单体、电池模组和用电设备 - Google Patents

电池单体、电池模组和用电设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024149115A1
WO2024149115A1 PCT/CN2024/070159 CN2024070159W WO2024149115A1 WO 2024149115 A1 WO2024149115 A1 WO 2024149115A1 CN 2024070159 W CN2024070159 W CN 2024070159W WO 2024149115 A1 WO2024149115 A1 WO 2024149115A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
temperature regulating
shell
battery cell
bare
battery
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2024/070159
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴祖钰
刘俊军
王佳宁
易梓琦
陈伟鑫
马亚强
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Xiamen Hithium Energy Storage Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Xiamen Hithium Energy Storage Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202320116590.9U external-priority patent/CN219144282U/zh
Priority claimed from CN202310064053.9A external-priority patent/CN115939588A/zh
Application filed by Xiamen Hithium Energy Storage Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Xiamen Hithium Energy Storage Technology Co Ltd
Publication of WO2024149115A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024149115A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery cell, a battery module and an electrical device.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a battery cell, a battery module and an electrical device.
  • a shell wherein a temperature regulating plate is provided in the inner cavity of the shell, and the temperature regulating plate divides the inner cavity of the shell into at least two accommodating chambers;
  • Bare battery cells each of the accommodating cavities containing at least one bare battery cell
  • the bare battery core is attached to the temperature regulating plate.
  • the bare cell is attached to the temperature regulating plate, so that the bare cell can directly exchange heat with the temperature regulating plate, reducing the transfer medium between the bare cell and the temperature regulating plate, and improving the temperature control effect of the battery cell.
  • a battery module according to an embodiment of the present application includes a battery cell according to any of the above embodiments.
  • An electrical device includes the battery module described in the above embodiment.
  • the bare battery cell is attached to the thermostat, so that the bare battery cell can directly exchange heat with the thermostat, reducing the transfer medium between the bare battery cell and the thermostat, and improving the temperature control effect of the battery cell.
  • FIG1 is a perspective view of a housing according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG2 is another perspective view of the housing according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the dimensions of a housing according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG4 is a top view of a temperature control plate according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the temperature regulating plate of Fig. 3 along line A-A;
  • FIG6 is another cross-sectional view of the temperature control plate according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG7 is another perspective view of the housing according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG8 is another three-dimensional view of the housing according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG9 is a perspective view of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG10 is another perspective view of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG11 is an exploded view of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG12 is another exploded view of the battery module according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG13 is a perspective view of an electrical device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG14 is a front view of an electrical device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 15 is a side view of an electrical device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Shell-400 Shell-400, battery cell-100, temperature regulating plate-440, inner cavity-404, opening-406, top cover-408, accommodating cavity-450, Upper plate -410, lower plate -420, side plate -430, first side surface -412, first large surface -414, first narrow surface -416, first end surface -418, second side surface -422, third side surface -424, protruding portion -426, temperature regulating flow channel -470, first joint -441, second joint -442, first area -443, second area -444, third area -445, fourth area -446, straight flow channel -447, curved flow channel -448, battery module -10, box body -300, first part -310, second part -320, connecting assembly -200, electrical equipment -500, monitoring unit -11.
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, and “connected” should be understood in a broad sense.
  • it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection.
  • It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection.
  • It can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium.
  • It can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements.
  • a first feature being “above” or “below” a second feature may include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or may include that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them.
  • a first feature being “above”, “above” and “above” a second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature.
  • a first feature being “below”, “below” and “below” a second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.
  • a battery cell 100 provided in an embodiment of the present application includes a housing 400 and a bare cell.
  • the inner cavity 404 of the housing 400 is provided with a temperature regulating plate 440, and the temperature regulating plate 440 divides the inner cavity 404 of the housing into at least two accommodating chambers 450. At least one bare cell is accommodated in each accommodating chamber 450. The bare cell is attached to the temperature regulating plate 440.
  • the bare cell is attached to the temperature regulating plate 440 , so that the bare cell can directly exchange heat with the temperature regulating plate 440 , reducing the transfer medium between the bare cell and the temperature regulating plate 440 , and improving the temperature control effect of the battery module 10 .
  • the housing 400 can be made of any material with good heat exchange efficiency.
  • the housing 400 is made of aluminum alloy.
  • the die-casting process can be used to melt the material and pour it into a mold to manufacture the required housing 400 in one casting process. This manufacturing process ensures the airtightness of the product. There is no weld between the thermostat 440 in the shell 400 and the shell, which improves the structural strength of the integrated design of the shell and the thermostat 440.
  • the shape of the casting mold can be changed.
  • the shell 400 can also be manufactured by extruding aluminum rods or other methods, or the various components of the shell 400 can be manufactured separately and then connected by welding or other methods to complete the manufacture of the complete shell 400.
  • the material of the thermostat 440 can be the same as that of the shell, or it can be different.
  • the present application does not specifically limit the shape of the shell 400 , and the shape of the shell 400 can be determined according to actual needs.
  • the shell 400 may be in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, which is suitable for a square battery cell 100.
  • a thermostatic plate 440 may be provided in the shell 400, and the thermostatic plate 440 divides the inner cavity 404 into two accommodating cavities 450, each accommodating cavity is in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, and the thermostatic plate 440 may be a flat thermostatic plate, parallel to the side with the largest area of the shell 400, and the thermostatic plate 440 may form a side plate of the accommodating cavity 450, and the length direction of the thermostatic plate 440 is along the length direction of the shell 400 (such as the X-axis direction of FIG. 1), and the thermostatic plate 440 is formed as the side plate with the largest area of the accommodating cavity 450, so that the temperature adjustment area of the bare battery cell is maximized, and the temperature control effect of the bare battery cell is further improved.
  • the two accommodating chambers 450 are arranged side by side along the width or height direction of the housing 400.
  • a rectangular bare cell can be arranged in one of the accommodating chambers 450 and abut against the side of the temperature regulating plate 440.
  • Another rectangular bare cell can be arranged in the other accommodating chamber 450 and abut against the side of the temperature regulating plate 440. In this way, the two opposite sides of the temperature regulating plate 440 are directly abutted against the bare cells in the two accommodating chambers 450.
  • the housing 400 and the accommodating cavity 450 are both in the shape of a cuboid, and the length directions, width directions, and height directions of the two are parallel.
  • the length direction, width direction, and height direction here can refer to the coordinate system in Fig. 1.
  • the length direction can be the X-axis direction
  • the width direction can be the Y-axis direction
  • the height direction can be the Z-axis direction.
  • the rectangular housing 400 has an upper plate 410, a lower plate 420 and two opposite side plates 430, and the four side plates together enclose the designed housing 400.
  • a temperature regulating plate 440 is arranged in the housing 400, and the temperature regulating plate 440 is connected to the upper plate 410 and the lower plate 420 without a gap, and is parallel to the side plates 430.
  • the temperature regulating plate 440 divides the interior of the housing 400 into two accommodating chambers 450 for loading the bare cells of the battery cells 100.
  • the thermostat 440 can directly exchange heat with the bare cell. For example, when the bare cell needs to be cooled, the thermostat 440 can directly take away the heat of the bare cell during operation, so that the bare cell reaches a suitable operating temperature range more quickly. When the bare cell needs to be heated, the thermostat 440 can directly heat the bare cell, so that the bare cell reaches a suitable operating temperature range more quickly, thereby improving the efficiency of the battery module 10.
  • the number of temperature control plates 440 arranged in the shell 400 is not limited to one, but can also be two or more than two.
  • the number of accommodating chambers 450 is determined according to the number of temperature control plates 440.
  • two temperature control plates 440 can divide the inner cavity 404 in the shell 400 into three accommodating chambers 450, that is, n temperature control plates 440 can divide one inner cavity 404 into n+1 accommodating chambers 450.
  • the number of bare cells arranged in each accommodating cavity 450 is not limited to one, and may be two or more than two, which is not specifically limited here.
  • the number of bare cells arranged in each accommodating cavity 450 may be the same or different.
  • the bare cells may be formed by stacking or winding, etc., which is not specifically limited here.
  • the accommodating cavity 450 that meets the above-mentioned size range can avoid the problem of excessive heat exchange capacity and reduced volume energy density of the battery cell 100 due to the thickness of the bare battery cell being assembled being limited due to the smaller width of the accommodating cavity 450. It can also avoid the problem of insufficient cooling of the bare battery cell in the thickness direction due to the excessive width of the accommodating cavity 450, resulting in a large temperature difference in the thickness direction.
  • each accommodating cavity 450 is selected from the range of [50mm, 150mm], that is, 50mm ⁇ D1 ⁇ 150mm.
  • D1 is less than 50mm
  • the thickness of the bare battery cell in the accommodating cavity 450 is limited. The thinner the thickness, the better the heat dissipation capacity of the bare battery cell.
  • the shell 400 of the present application includes a temperature regulating plate 440, it will cause a loss of energy density, a waste of cooling capacity, and a reduction in the volume energy density of the battery cell 100.
  • the thickness of the bare battery cell in the accommodating cavity 450 will also increase.
  • the increase in thickness will affect the heat conduction of the battery cell 100 in this direction.
  • the part of the bare battery cell away from the temperature regulating plate 440 can only dissipate heat to the external environment or the adjacent battery cell 100 through the shell 400. Therefore, the heat dissipation capacity is poor, the cooling effect in the thickness direction is not good, and the cooling is insufficient.
  • D1 may be 50 mm, 60 mm, 70 mm, 80 mm, 90 mm, 100 mm, 110 mm, 120 mm, 130 mm, 140 mm, 150 mm, or another value between 50 mm and 150 mm.
  • the widths of different accommodating cavities 450 in a housing 400 may be the same or different, and the width of the accommodating cavity 450 may be selected from [50 mm, 150 mm].
  • the widths of the accommodating cavities 450 in a housing 400 are the same, and further, the length, width and height of all accommodating cavities 450 in a housing are the same.
  • the height H1 and length of the accommodating cavity 450 can be set according to actual needs, and can also be determined according to the length and height of the shell.
  • the length, width and height of all the accommodating cavities 450 in a housing 400 are the same.
  • D1 can be 60mm, 70mm, 80mm, 90mm, 100mm, 110mm, 120mm or other values between 60mm and 120mm.
  • the shell is in a rectangular shape
  • the length L2 of the shell is selected from the range [300 mm, 1200 mm]
  • the height H2 is selected from the range [150 mm, 400 mm].
  • each accommodating chamber 450 accommodates at least one bare battery cell, so that the battery cell 100 can accommodate at least two bare battery cells, the capacity and energy of the battery cell 100 can be greatly improved, and two adjacent accommodating chambers 450 can share a temperature control plate 440 for temperature control. While improving the capacity and energy of the battery cell 100, the required connecting fluid pipelines are not increased, or are not increased too much.
  • the shell has the above-mentioned characteristic dimensions
  • a smaller number of battery cells 100 can be used in the width direction of the electrical device 500 (as shown in FIG. 13 , the orientation of FIG. 13 can refer to the coordinate system of FIG. 1 ) to achieve the capacity and energy effects achieved by integrating a large number of small-sized battery cells 100 in traditional technologies.
  • the electrical connections, liquid cooling connections, etc. in the electrical device or battery are simplified, and maintenance or repair during use is also simpler.
  • the width D2 of the shell can be determined according to the width D1 of the accommodating cavity 450, the wall thickness of the shell, and the wall thickness of the thermostatic plate 440.
  • the numerical range of the height H2 of the shell can be between the length L2 and the width D2.
  • the length L2 of the housing is selected from the range [300 mm, 1200 mm], that is, 300 mm ⁇ L2 ⁇ 1200 mm.
  • L2 can be 300 mm, 350 mm, 400 mm, 450 mm, 500 mm, 550 mm, 600 mm, 650 mm, 700 mm, 750 mm, 800 mm, 850 mm, 900 mm, 950 mm, 1000 mm, 1050 mm, 1100 mm, 1150 mm, 1200 mm, or other values between 300 mm and 1200 mm.
  • the height H2 of the housing is selected from the range [150 mm, 400 mm], that is, 150 mm ⁇ H2 ⁇ 400 mm.
  • H2 can be 150 mm, 200 mm, 250 mm, 300 mm, 350 mm, 400 mm, or other values between 150 mm and 400 mm.
  • the shell is in a rectangular shape and includes a first side surface 412 .
  • the first side surface 412 is the side surface with the largest area of the shell.
  • the area of the first side surface 412 is selected from the range of [45000 mm 2 , 480000 mm 2 ], and the side plate of the shell where the first side surface 412 is located is in contact with the bare battery cell.
  • the temperature control area of the bare cell can be increased to achieve a better temperature control effect.
  • the area S of the first side surface 412 is selected from the range of [45000 mm 2 , 480000 mm 2 ], which can significantly increase the surface area ratio of the battery cell 100 and increase the temperature regulation area of the bare cell to achieve a better temperature regulation effect.
  • An area S of the first side surface 412 is selected from the range of [45000 mm 2 , 480000 mm 2 ], that is, 45000 mm 2 ⁇ S ⁇ 480000 mm 2 .
  • S can be 45000 mm 2 , 50000 mm 2 , 70000 mm 2 , 100000 mm 2 , 150000 mm 2 , 180000 mm 2 , 200000 mm 2 , 250000 mm 2 , 300000 mm 2 , 350000 mm 2 , 400000 mm 2 , 410000 mm 2 , 420000 mm 2 , 440000 mm 2 , 450000 mm 2 , 470000 mm 2 , 480000 mm 2 , 2 or any other value between 45000 mm2 and 480000 mm2 .
  • the shell is in a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and the shell includes a first side surface 412 .
  • the first side surface 412 is a side surface of the shell with the largest area, and the temperature regulating plate 440 is parallel to the first side surface 412 .
  • the rectangular parallelepiped housing has two first large faces 414, two first narrow faces 416 and two first end faces 418, and the first large faces 414, the first narrow faces 416 and the first end faces 418 are perpendicular to each other.
  • the first large face 414 is parallel to the XZ plane
  • the first narrow face 416 is parallel to the XY plane
  • the first end face 418 is parallel to the YZ plane
  • the first side face 412 is the first large face 414 and the side face with the largest area of the housing.
  • the bare cell (not shown) can be in the shape of a cuboid, and the bare cell has two second large faces, two second narrow faces and two second end faces, and the second large faces, the second narrow faces and the second end faces are perpendicular to each other.
  • the second large face is parallel to the XZ plane
  • the second narrow face is parallel to the XY plane
  • the second end face is parallel to the YZ plane
  • the second large face is the side with the largest area of the bare cell.
  • the long side of the second large face is in the length direction of the shell, such as the X-axis
  • the short side of the second large face is in the height direction of the shell, such as the Z-axis
  • the long side of the second narrow face is in the length direction of the shell, such as the X-axis
  • the short side of the second narrow face is in the width direction of the shell, such as the Y-axis
  • the long side of the second end face is in the height direction of the shell, such as the Z-axis
  • the narrow side of the second end face is in the width direction of the shell, such as the Y-axis.
  • the temperature regulating plate 440 is parallel to the first side surface 412, so that the side area of the accommodating cavity 450 enclosed by the temperature regulating plate 440 is larger, and the second largest surface is in contact with the side surface of the temperature regulating plate 440, which can ensure that the contact area between the bare battery cell and the temperature regulating plate 440 is maximized, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency between the bare battery cell and the temperature regulating plate 440.
  • the shell includes a second side 422 and a third side 424 perpendicular to the first side 412 , the second side 422 is perpendicular to the third side 424 , and the temperature regulating plate 440 has a protrusion 426 , which protrudes from at least one of the second side 422 and the third side 424 .
  • the subsequent welding process can be easily implemented, and the temperature regulating plate 440 can be prevented from being damaged during welding, thereby ensuring the structural stability of the design.
  • the first side 412 is the side of the shell along the Y-axis
  • the second side 422 is the side of the shell along the X-axis
  • the third side 424 is the side of the shell along the Z-axis.
  • the temperature control plate 440 has a protruding portion 426 on the X-axis that protrudes from one or two first side surfaces 412.
  • the protruding portion 426 can be used for welding joints to prevent damage to the temperature control plate 440 during welding joints, thereby ensuring the structural stability of the design.
  • the temperature regulating plate 440 may also have a protruding portion 426 protruding from one or both third side surfaces 424 along the Z-axis.
  • the housing is in a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and the opening 406 is disposed on at least one side plate of two opposite side plates of the housing.
  • the opening 406 is disposed on at least one side plate of the two opposite side plates of the shell, so that the bare battery cell can be installed into the accommodating cavity 450 from at least one direction of the shell, thereby improving assembly efficiency.
  • the opening 406 is provided on a side panel of the shell along the X-axis direction, that is, the opening 406 is opened on one of the first end surfaces 418, for example, the opening 406 is opened on the first end surface 418 along the positive direction of the X-axis, and the bare battery cell can be installed into the accommodating cavity 450 from the opening 406 in the positive direction of the X-axis.
  • the opening 406 is provided on two side panels of the shell along the X-axis direction, that is, the opening 406 is opened on two first end surfaces 418 , for example, the opening 406 is opened on two first end surfaces 418 in the positive and negative directions of the X-axis as shown in the figure, and the bare battery cell can be installed into the accommodating cavity 450 from the opening 406 in the positive direction of the X-axis, and the bare battery cell can also be installed into the accommodating cavity 450 from the opening 406 in the negative direction of the X-axis.
  • the opening 406 is provided on a side panel of the shell along the Z-axis direction, that is, the opening 406 is opened on one of its first narrow surfaces 416, for example, the opening 406 is opened on the first narrow surface 416 along the positive direction of the Z-axis, and the bare battery cell can be installed into the accommodating cavity 450 from the opening 406 in the positive direction of the Z-axis.
  • the opening 406 is provided on two side panels of the shell along the Z-axis direction, that is, the opening 406 is opened on two first narrow surfaces 416 .
  • the opening 406 is opened on the two first narrow surfaces 416 in the positive and negative directions of the Z-axis as shown in the figure.
  • the bare battery cell can be installed into the accommodating cavity 450 from the opening 406 in the positive direction of the Z-axis, and the bare battery cell can also be installed into the accommodating cavity 450 from the opening 406 in the negative direction of the Z-axis.
  • the installation directions of different bare cells can be the same or different.
  • the two bare cells can be installed into the housing cavity 450 from the opening 406 in the positive direction of the Z axis or from the opening 406 in the negative direction of the Z axis at the same time; or one bare cell can be installed into the housing cavity 450 from the opening 406 in the negative direction of the Z axis, and the other bare cell can be installed into the housing cavity 450 from the opening 406 in the positive direction of the Z axis.
  • a temperature regulating channel 470 is provided in the temperature regulating plate 440 , and the temperature regulating plate 440 is connected to a first joint 441 and a second joint 442 , wherein the first joint 441 is connected to one end of the temperature regulating channel 470 , and the second joint 442 is connected to the other end of the temperature regulating channel 470 .
  • the temperature of the bare battery cell can be adjusted by introducing the temperature adjustment fluid into the temperature adjustment channel 470 , which is convenient, simple and low-cost.
  • the temperature regulating fluid that can be passed into the temperature regulating channel 470 can be water, oil, gas or other medium fluid, which is not specifically limited here.
  • the first joint 441 can be used as an inlet joint, and the second joint 442 can be used as an outlet joint.
  • the inlet joint and the outlet joint can be changed according to the flow direction change of the temperature regulating channel 470.
  • a low-temperature fluid can be introduced into the temperature control channel from the first connector 441.
  • heat is exchanged with the bare battery cell through the temperature control plate 440, thereby cooling the bare battery cell.
  • the temperature control fluid after the heat exchange forms a high-temperature fluid, which is discharged from the temperature control channel 470 through the second connector 442.
  • the high-temperature fluid can be cooled outside the shell to form a low-temperature fluid again, and then introduced into the temperature control channel through the first connector 441 again, and the cycle is repeated to achieve cyclic cooling of the bare battery cell.
  • a high-temperature fluid can be introduced into the temperature control channel from the first connector 441.
  • heat is exchanged with the bare battery cell through the temperature control plate 440, thereby heating the bare battery cell.
  • the temperature control fluid after the heat exchange forms a low-temperature fluid, which is discharged from the temperature control channel 470 through the second connector 442.
  • the low-temperature fluid can be heated outside the shell to form a high-temperature fluid again, and then introduced into the temperature control channel through the first connector 441 again, and the cycle is repeated to achieve cyclic heating of the bare battery cell.
  • the temperature control effect of the bare cell can be achieved, and the heat transfer medium between the temperature regulating fluid and the bare cell is reduced, thereby improving the temperature control effect of the bare cell.
  • the temperature regulating channel 470 may not be provided in the temperature regulating plate 440, and the temperature regulating plate 440 may be a solid temperature regulating plate.
  • first joint 441 and the second joint 442 are respectively located on both sides of the vertical center axis V and the horizontal center axis H of the temperature regulating plate 440 .
  • the temperature regulating plate 440 can be divided into a first area 443, a second area 444, a third area 445 and a fourth area 446 according to the vertical center axis V and the horizontal center axis H of the temperature regulating plate 440.
  • the first joint 441 is located at the edge of the second area 444
  • the second joint 442 is located at the edge of the fourth area 446.
  • the temperature regulating fluid flows into the temperature regulating channel 470 from the first joint 441 and flows out of the temperature regulating channel 470 from the second joint 442, the temperature regulating fluid flows through a larger span and can flow through a larger area of the temperature regulating plate 440, so that the temperature regulating fluid can exchange heat with the temperature regulating plate 440 as much as possible, and then the temperature regulating fluid can exchange heat with the bare battery cell as much as possible, further improving the temperature control effect of the bare battery cell.
  • first joint 441 may be located at an edge of the fourth region 446
  • second joint 442 may be located at an edge of the second region 444 .
  • first joint 441 may be located at an edge of the first region 443
  • second joint 442 may be located at an edge of the third region 445 .
  • the number of the connectors may be greater than 2, and the connectors may be disposed on the same side of the temperature regulating plate 440 .
  • the temperature regulating channel 470 is a circuitous channel.
  • the circuitous flow channel can be a serpentine flow channel, and the serpentine flow channel includes multiple straight channels 447 and multiple curved channels 448.
  • multiple straight channels 447 are arranged in parallel and evenly spaced along the Z-axis direction.
  • One end of the straight channel 447 located at the top is connected to the first joint 441, and the two adjacent straight channels 447 are connected end to end through a curved channel 448.
  • One end of the straight channel 447 located at the bottom is connected to the second joint 442.
  • the curved channel 448 is semicircular to reduce the flow resistance of the temperature regulating fluid.
  • This design can make the temperature regulating fluid have multiple round-trip paths in the temperature regulating channel 470, and the heat exchange time between the temperature regulating fluid and the bare battery cell is longer, which can improve the heat exchange efficiency and further enhance the temperature control effect of the bare battery cell.
  • the entire temperature regulating channel 470 is basically evenly arranged inside the temperature regulating plate 440 so that the temperature regulating fluid can fully contact the temperature regulating plate 440, thereby further improving the temperature control effect of the bare battery cell.
  • the circuitous flow channel may be a Z-shaped flow channel or a circuitous flow channel of other shapes, which allows the temperature regulating fluid to have multiple flow directions in the circuitous flow channel, in order to increase the contact area between the temperature regulating fluid and the temperature regulating plate 440 .
  • the design of the temperature regulating channel 470 can also adopt a parallel channel structure (as shown in Figure 6) or an improvement or combination of a serpentine channel and a parallel channel structure.
  • the shape of the temperature regulating channel 470, the channel width and the flow rate of the temperature regulating fluid introduced can be adjusted according to needs.
  • At least one side plate of the shell is configured as a temperature regulating plate 440, and the temperature regulating plate 440 is attached to the bare battery cell.
  • two temperature regulating plates 440 are arranged in parallel, and the two temperature regulating plates 440 respectively serve as two opposite side plates of a receiving cavity 450, and the bare battery cells are located between the two temperature regulating plates 440 and are attached to the two temperature regulating plates 440.
  • the side plate where the first large surface 414 is located can be formed as a temperature regulating plate 440.
  • the two temperature regulating plates 440 can be arranged vertically.
  • at least one of the two side plates where the two first narrow surfaces 416 arranged along the Z-axis direction are located is formed as a temperature regulating plate 440.
  • at least one of the two side plates where the two first large surfaces 414 arranged along the Y-axis direction are located is formed as a temperature regulating plate 440.
  • the opening direction of the accommodating cavity 450 is along the X-axis. In one embodiment, the opening direction of the accommodating cavity 450 can also be along the Z-axis direction, and the number of openings can be selected.
  • the structures of the two temperature regulating plates 440 may be the same or different, which is not specifically limited here.
  • the present application does not specifically limit the material of the top cover 408.
  • the material of the top cover 408 may be the same as or different from the material of the shell 400.
  • the top cover 408 may be connected to the shell 400 by welding.
  • the top cover 408 may also be provided with components such as a liquid injection hole, a riot valve, and a pole, and the pole is electrically connected to the bare battery cell.
  • a top cover 408 may be installed at the opening 406 of an accommodating cavity 450, or at the two openings 406 of two accommodating cavities 450, or at the openings 406 of all accommodating cavities 450. In Figures 8 and 9, a top cover 408 is installed at the opening 406 of an accommodating cavity 450.
  • the same number of bare cells can be placed in the two accommodating chambers 450 of the shell 400 respectively, and the top cover 408 and the shell can be sealed and welded by laser welding.
  • the battery cell 100 is obtained.
  • the external shell 400 of the bare cell not only serves as a structure to accommodate the bare cell, but the temperature regulating plate 440 of the accommodating chamber 450 also serves as a side plate for temperature regulation, which changes the traditional external temperature regulation form of the battery cell 100 into direct temperature regulation of the bare cell inside the battery cell 100, forming a shell 400-temperature regulating plate integrated structural design.
  • the second largest surface of the bare cell can be respectively fitted with the two surfaces of the temperature regulating plate 440, and the temperature regulating fluid can exchange heat with the second largest surface of the bare cell when flowing through the temperature regulating channel 470.
  • a battery module 10 according to an embodiment of the present application includes a battery cell 100 according to any of the above embodiments.
  • the battery module 10 further includes a box 300, in which a plurality of battery cells 100 are accommodated, and the box 300 can protect the battery cells 100 from being damaged.
  • the battery cells 100 are square battery cells 100, and at least some of the battery cells 100 in the plurality of battery cells 100 are connected by a connecting assembly 200.
  • the connecting assembly 200 may include a plurality of connecting members, and the connecting members can fix and connect two adjacent battery cells 100, such as by welding.
  • the box body 300 may include a first portion 310 and a second portion 320, which together define a storage space for accommodating the battery cell 100.
  • the first portion 310 may be a plate-like structure that covers the open side of the second portion 320.
  • the storage space defined by the first portion 310 and the second portion 320 may have a variety of shapes, such as a cube, a cuboid, or a cylinder, etc., which are not specifically limited herein.
  • a plurality of battery cells 100 may be arranged in the box 300, and the plurality of battery cells 100 may be connected in series, in parallel or in hybrid connection, wherein hybrid connection means that the plurality of battery cells 100 are connected in series and in parallel.
  • the plurality of battery cells 100 may be directly placed in the box 300 after being connected in the above-mentioned connection mode, or the plurality of battery cells 100 may be assembled into a module in series, in parallel or in hybrid connection mode, and then the module may be placed in the box 300.
  • the battery cells 100 in the battery module 10 may be secondary battery cells 100 or primary battery cells 100, and may be lithium-ion battery cells 100, lithium-sulfur battery cells 100, lithium-air battery cells 100, sodium-ion battery cells 100, magnesium-ion battery cells 100, etc., without specific limitation herein.
  • the first large surfaces 414 of two adjacent battery cells 100 are in contact with each other. There is no gap between the first large surfaces 414 of two adjacent battery cells 100. In another embodiment, at least part of the first large surfaces 414 of the battery cells 100 are in contact with each other. A gap is kept between the large surface 414 and the first large surface 414 to facilitate air cooling of the two battery cells 100 outside the battery cell 100 .
  • the connecting pipe between the temperature regulating plates 440 of two battery cells 100 is made of plastic rubber, and the pipe can be connected to the joints on the temperature regulating plate.
  • the joints of the temperature regulating plates 440 of all battery cells 100 are connected in series using a pipe, that is, one end of the pipe is connected to the discharge joint on one temperature regulating plate 440, and the other end is connected to the input joint of another temperature regulating plate 440.
  • the connecting pipe between the temperature regulating plates 440 of two battery cells 100 can also be made of metal.
  • an electric device 500 includes the battery module 10 according to the above embodiment.
  • the accommodating cavity 450 accommodates the bare battery cell, and the bare battery cell and the temperature regulating plate 440 are attached to the side of the accommodating cavity 450, so that the bare battery cell can directly exchange heat with the temperature regulating plate 440, thereby reducing the transmission medium between the bare battery cell and the temperature regulating plate 440, and improving the temperature control effect of the temperature regulating plate 440 on the bare battery cell, thereby improving the temperature control effect of the battery module 10.
  • the electrical device 500 may include one or more battery modules 10 , and the multiple battery modules 10 may be electrically connected in series, in parallel, or in series-parallel.
  • Electric energy storage devices include but are not limited to energy storage boxes, energy storage cabinets, energy storage battery clusters, containerized energy storage systems, etc.
  • Power energy storage devices include but are not limited to passenger cars, commercial vehicles, special vehicles, spacecraft, ships, electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric scooters, etc.
  • Consumer energy storage devices include but are not limited to mobile phones, tablets, laptops, electric toys, electric tools, etc.
  • the power supply system of the electric device 500 can be formed by using the battery module 10 of the embodiment of the present application, which is conducive to improving the temperature control effect of the battery cell 100 and the space utilization rate in the power supply system, reducing material and manufacturing costs, and improving production efficiency.
  • the electrical equipment is an energy storage cabinet.
  • a battery module 10 is arranged inside the energy storage cabinet, and the battery module 10 can be arranged in one or more layers.
  • the battery module 10 can be used to charge the energy storage cabinet and can also be used to supply power to the external electrical equipment 500 of the energy storage cabinet.
  • the energy storage cabinet also includes functional units, such as: a monitoring unit 11, a fire extinguishing unit, a comprehensive detection unit, etc.
  • the present application provides a shell 400 design, in which the side plate of the larger accommodating cavity 450 is directly used as a temperature regulating plate, so that the temperature regulating plate can be integrated into the shell, completing the integrated design of the shell and the temperature regulating plate.
  • This design eliminates the need to use thermal conductive glue, structural glue or thermal conductive structural glue to bond the temperature regulating plate and the shell 400 together in the traditional heat exchange temperature regulating design, shortens the contact distance between the bare battery cell inside the battery cell 100 and the temperature regulating fluid, and improves the heat exchange efficiency and structural compactness.
  • the battery cells 100 used in the battery module 10 have characteristic dimensions (such as the width of the accommodating cavity 450, the length and height of the shell, the temperature adjustment area of the shell, etc.), for the electrical equipment 500 of the same height, after using the battery cells 100, the number of battery cells 100 arranged in the height direction and the width direction of the electrical equipment 500 can be reduced, and the electrical equipment 500 can be used.
  • the structure of 500 is simpler and the overall volume energy density is higher, which avoids the disadvantage of reducing energy density due to the need to reserve a large number of air ducts when using traditional air cooling design. At the same time, it also improves the heat exchange effect of the temperature control design (such as liquid cooling design) in the system.
  • the temperature control plate is arranged in the middle of the two bare cells and contacts the large surface of the bare cells, so that the temperature control method of the battery cell 100 is changed from the traditional bottom temperature control to the large surface temperature control of the battery cell 100, which increases the heat exchange area, avoids the problem of uneven heat dissipation of the battery cell 100, and achieves the temperature control effect of balanced upper and lower temperatures in the height direction.
  • the serpentine flow channel in the temperature control plate also increases the heat exchange time between the temperature control fluid and each large surface of the bare cell, further improving the heat exchange effect.
  • the designed shell 400 can change the number and size of the bare cell accommodating cavity 450 and the temperature control plate, and the shell 400 can be die-cast, so the size, shape and fine structure inside the flow channel can be flexibly changed by changing the die-casting mold, so that the shell 400 has high flexibility and adaptability.
  • the battery cell 100 of the present application has at least two accommodating cavities 450 that can load bare cells in the shell 400.
  • the 1:1 insertion of the bare cells and the shell is changed to an N:1 insertion of the bare cells and the shell (N ⁇ 2), thereby improving the production rhythm of the battery cell 100.
  • the battery module 10 and the electrical device 500 of the present application, the battery module 10 or the electrical device assembled with the above-mentioned battery cells 100 can achieve a longer service life, higher mass energy density and volume energy density due to better temperature regulation effect and more compact structure.

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Abstract

一种电池单体(100)、电池模组(10)和用电设备。电池单体(100)包括：壳体(400)，壳体(400)内腔设有调温板(440)，调温板(440)将壳体(400)内腔分隔成至少两个容置腔(450)；裸电芯，每个容置腔(450)内容置至少一个裸电芯；裸电芯调温板(440)相贴。

Description

电池单体、电池模组和用电设备
优先权信息
本申请请求2023年01月12日向中国国家知识产权局提交的、专利申请号为2023100640539和2023201165909的专利申请的优先权和权益，并且通过参照将其全文并入此处。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别涉及一种电池单体、电池模组和用电设备。
背景技术
当前，主流的储能系统的热管理设计主要还是依靠在电池单体底部增加液冷板布置，液冷板内设计相应调温流道并通入冷却液，最后通过导热胶将液冷板与电池单体粘结在一起达到换热的效果。然而，这样会导致较低的冷却效率，降低冷却液对电池的温度控制效果。
发明内容
本申请实施方式提供一种电池单体、电池模组和用电设备。
本申请实施方式的一种电池单体包括：
壳体，所述壳体内腔设有调温板，所述调温板将所述壳体内腔分隔成至少两个容置腔；
裸电芯，每个所述容置腔内容置至少一个所述裸电芯；
所述裸电芯与所述调温板相贴。
上述电池单体中，裸电芯与调温板相贴，使得裸电芯可以直接与调温板进行热交换，减少了裸电芯与调温板之间的传递介质，改善电池单体的温度控制效果。
本申请实施方式的一种电池模组包括上述任一实施方式的电池单体。
本申请实施方式的一种用电设备包括上述实施方式所述的电池模组。
上述电池模组和用电设备中，裸电芯与调温板相贴，使得裸电芯可以直接与调温板进行热交换，减少了裸电芯与调温板之间的传递介质，改善电池单体的温度控制效果。
本申请的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本申请的实践了解到。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施方式或现有 技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施方式，对在本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图示出的结构获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请实施方式的壳体的立体图；
图2为本申请实施方式的壳体的另一立体图；
图3是本申请实施方式的壳体的尺寸示意图；
图4为本申请实施方式的调温板的俯视图；
图5为图3的调温板沿A-A线的截面图；
图6为本申请实施方式的调温板的另一截面图；
图7为本申请实施方式的壳体的另一立体图；
图8为本申请实施方式的壳体的再一立体图；
图9为本申请实施方式的电池单体的立体图；
图10为本申请实施方式的电池单体的另一立体图；
图11为本申请实施方式的电池模组的分解图；
图12为本申请实施方式的电池模组的另一分解图；
图13为本申请实施方式的用电设备的立体图；
图14为本申请实施方式的用电设备的主视图；
图15为本申请实施方式的用电设备的侧视图。
附图标记说明：
壳体-400，电池单体-100，调温板-440，内腔-404，开口-406，顶盖-408，容置腔-450，
上板-410，下板-420，侧板-430，第一侧面-412，第一大面-414，第一窄面-416，第一端面-418，第二侧面-422，第三侧面-424，凸出部位-426，调温流道-470，第一接头-441，第二接头-442，第一区域-443，第二区域-444，第三区域-445，第四区域-446，直流道-447，弯流道-448，电池模组-10，箱体-300，第一部分-310，第二部分-320，连接组件-200，用电设备-500，监控单元-11。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本申请的实施方式，实施方式的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施方式是示例性的，仅用于解释本申请，而不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“顺 时针”、“逆时针”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个特征。在本申请的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接。可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接。可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对在本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本申请中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征之“上”或之“下”可以包括第一和第二特征直接接触，也可以包括第一和第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”包括第一特征在第二特征正下方和斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
下文的公开提供了许多不同的实施方式或例子用来实现本申请的不同结构。为了简化本申请的公开，下文中对特定例子的部件和设置进行描述。当然，它们仅仅为示例，并且目的不在于限制本申请。此外，本申请可以在不同例子中重复参考数字和/或参考字母，这种重复是为了简化和清楚的目的，其本身不指示所讨论各种实施方式和/或设置之间的关系。此外，本申请提供了的各种特定的工艺和材料的例子，但是本领域普通技术人员可以意识到其他工艺的应用和/或其他材料的使用。
请参图1至图3和图8，本申请实施方式提供的一种电池单体100包括壳体400和裸电芯，壳体400内腔404设有调温板440，调温板440将壳体内腔404分隔成至少两个容置腔450。每个容置腔450内容置至少一个裸电芯。裸电芯与调温板440相贴。
上述电池单体100中，裸电芯与调温板440相贴，使得裸电芯可以直接与调温板440进行热交换，减少了裸电芯与调温板440之间的传递介质，改善电池模组10的温度控制效果。
具体地，本申请对壳体400的材质不作具体限定，壳体400采用具有良好换热效率的材质均可。在一个实施方式中，壳体400的材质为铝合金，可利用压铸的工艺，将材料融化后倒入模具中，一次性浇铸成型制造出所需的壳体400，这种制造工艺保证了产品的气密性， 且壳体400中的调温板440与壳体之间不存在焊缝，提高了壳体、调温板440一体化设计的结构强度。在另一些实施方式中，如需改变壳体400的形状、尺寸以及内部流道等精细结构的设计可通过改变浇铸模具的形状即可。在另一些实施方式中，也可对铝棒进行挤压成型等方式进行壳体400制造，也可分别制造壳体400各部件再通过焊接等连接方式完成完整壳体400的制造，调温板440的材质可以与壳体的材质相同，也可以不同。
本申请对壳体400的形状不作具体限定，壳体400的形状可以根据实际需求来决定。
在一个实施方式中，壳体400的形状可以呈长方体形，适用于方形电池单体100。壳体400内可设有一个调温板440，调温板440将内腔404划分为两个容置腔450，每个容置腔呈长方体形，调温板440可以呈平板状调温板，与壳体400面积最大的侧面平行，调温板440可以形成容置腔450的一个侧板，调温板440的长度方向沿壳体400的长度方向(如图1的X轴方向)，调温板440形成为容置腔450面积最大的侧板，使得裸电芯的调温面积最大化，进一步改善裸电芯的温度控制效果。
两个容置腔450沿壳体400宽度或高度方向并排设置，一个长方体形裸电芯可以设置在其中一个容置腔450内，并与调温板440的侧面相贴，另一个长方体形裸电芯可以设置在另一个容置腔450内，并与调温板440的侧面相贴。这样，调温板440相背的两侧面均与两个容置腔450内的裸电芯直接相贴。
在图1中，壳体400和容置腔450均呈长方体形，两者的长度方向平行，宽度方向平行，高度方向平行。这里的长度方向、宽度方向和高度方向可以参照图1中的坐标系，具体地，长度方向可以是X轴方向，宽度方向可以是Y轴方向，高度方向可以是Z轴方向。
在图1中，呈长方体形的壳体400具有上板410、下板420和相对的两侧板430，四个侧板共同围合成所设计的壳体400。在该壳体400中设置调温板440，调温板440与上板410和下板420相连接且无缝隙，同时与侧板430相平行，调温板440将壳体400内部均分成两个容置腔450，用于装入电池单体100的裸电芯。
调温板440可直接与裸电芯进行热交换，例如，当需要对裸电芯冷却时，调温板440可以直接带走裸电芯工作时的热量，使裸电芯更快达到合适的工作温度范围。当需要对裸电芯加热时，调温板440可以直接加热裸电芯，使裸电芯更快达到合适的工作温度范围，提升电池模组10效率。
可以理解，壳体400内设置调温板440的数量不限于一个，还可以是两个或多于两个，容置腔450的数量根据调温板440的数量来确定，例如两个调温板440可以将壳体400内的内腔404划分为三个容置腔450，即n个调温板440可以将一个内腔404划分为n+1个容置腔450。
每个容置腔450内设置裸电芯的数量也不限于一个，还可以是两个或多于两个，在此不作具体限定，每个容置腔450内设置的裸电芯数量可以是相同的，也可以是不同的。裸电芯的成型方式可以是叠片成型也可以是卷绕成型等，在此不作具体限定。
壳体400开设有开口406，开口406连通容置腔450，开口406可以用于供裸电芯放入容置腔450，在裸电芯安装后，可以利用顶盖408封闭开口406，使容置腔450形成相对密封的空间。
在某些实施方式中，其中，容置腔450呈长方体形，每个容置腔450的宽度D1选自范围[50mm,150mm]。
如此，满足上述尺寸范围的容置腔450可以避免了因容置腔450宽度较小限制所装配的裸电芯厚度导致换热能力过剩、电池单体100体积能量密度降低，同时也可以避免因容置腔450宽度过大导致裸电芯厚度方向冷却不充分，造成厚度方向温差大的问题。
请参图3，每个容置腔450的宽度D1选自范围[50mm,150mm]，也即是，50mm≤D1≤150mm，无论容置腔450内的裸电芯是什么形式，若D1小于50mm，容置腔450内的裸电芯的厚度受限，厚度越薄，裸电芯的散热能力越好，本申请的壳体400因为包含调温板440，因此会造成能量密度的损失，冷却能力的浪费、电池单体100体积能量密度降低。
若D1大于150mm，容置腔450内的裸电芯厚度也会随之增厚，厚度增加会影响电池单体100在该方向上的导热，裸电芯远离调温板440一侧的部分只能通过壳体400向外部环境或隔壁电池单体100散热，因此散热能力较差，厚度方向冷却效果不好，冷却不充分。
50mm≤D1≤150mm，则可避免了因容置腔450宽度的较小限制所装配裸电芯厚度导致换热能力过剩、电池单体体积能量密度降低，同时也可以避免因容置腔450的宽度过大导致裸电芯厚度方向冷却不充分，造成厚度方向温差大的问题。
在一些例子中，D1可以是50mm、60mm、70mm、80mm、90mm、100mm、110mm、120mm、130mm、140mm、150mm或50mm至150mm之间的其他数值。
一个壳体400内的不同容置腔450的宽度可以是相同的，也可以是不同的，容置腔450的宽度选自[50mm,150mm]即可。较佳地，一个壳体400内的容置腔450的宽度是相同的，进一步地，一个壳体内的全部容置腔450的长宽高均相同。
容置腔450的高度H1和长度可以根据实际需求来设置，也可以根据壳体的长度和高度来确定。
在一个实施方式中，60mm≤D1≤120mm。
如此，可以进一步改善上述两个问题。较佳地，一个壳体400内的全部容置腔450的长宽高均相同。在一些例子中，D1可以是60mm、70mm、80mm、90mm、100mm、110mm、120mm或60mm至120mm之间的其他数值。
在某些实施方式中，请参图3，壳体呈长方体形，壳体的长度L2选自范围[300mm,1200mm]，高度H2选自范围[150mm,400mm]。
如此，可以采用较少量的电池单体100即可实现传统技术中需要使用大量小尺寸电池单体100集成后所达到的容量及能量的效果，同时使用该电池单体100的用电设备或电池内的电连接、液冷连接等更加的简化，使用过程中的维护或维修也更加的简单。
具体地，在本申请实施方式中，由于一个壳体内划分为至少两个容置腔450，每个容置腔450容置至少一个裸电芯，使得电池单体100可以容置至少两个裸电芯，电池单体100的容量和能量可大幅提升，而且相邻两个容置腔450可共用一个调温板440进行调温，在提升电池单体100的容置和能量的同时，所需连接流体管道并没有增加，或并没有增加得太多。
当壳体具有上述特征尺寸时，电池单体100在组装成电池或用电设备时，在用电设备500的宽度方向上(如图13所示，图13的方位可以参考图1的坐标系)可以采用较少量的电池单体100即可实现传统技术中需要使用大量小尺寸电池单体100集成后所达到的容量及能量的效果，而且在实现同等容量和能量的情况下，由于电池单体100数量减少，用电设备或电池内的电连接、液冷连接等更加的简化，使用过程中的维护或维修也更加的简单。
进一下，对壳体的长度和高度范围的上限限制也会使后续装配的电池单体100具有良好的安全特性，避免因壳体过高、过长导致电池单体100热失控时热量及气体等物质不能及时排出等。壳体的宽度D2可以根据容置腔450的宽度D1、壳体的壁厚、调温板440的壁厚来确定。在一个实施方式中，壳体的高度H2的数值范围可介于长度L2和宽度D2之间。
壳体的长度L2选自范围[300mm,1200mm]，也即是300mm≤L2≤1200mm。在一些例子中，L2可以是300mm、350mm、400mm、450mm、500mm、550mm、600mm、650mm、700mm、750mm、800mm、850mm、900mm、950mm、1000mm、1050mm、1100mm、1150mm、1200mm或300mm至1200mm之间的其他数值。
壳体的高度H2选自范围[150mm,400mm]，也即是150mm≤H2≤400mm。在一些例子中，H2可以是150mm、200mm、250mm、300mm、350mm、400mm或150mm至400mm之间的其他数值。
在某些实施方式中，请参图1和图3，壳体呈长方体形，壳体包括第一侧面412，第一侧面412为壳体面积最大的侧面，第一侧面412的面积选自范围[45000mm2,480000mm2]，第一侧面412所在的壳体侧板与裸电芯相贴。
如此，可以提升裸电芯调温面积以达到更好的调温效果。
具体地，在一个实施方式中，第一侧面412平行于XZ平面，该第一侧面412为壳体面积最大的侧面，第一侧面412的面积S＝L2*H2。
第一侧面412的面积S选自范围[45000mm2,480000mm2]可以使电池单体100表面积占比大幅提升，提高裸电芯调温面积达到更好的调温效果。
第一侧面412的面积S选自范围[45000mm2,480000mm2]，即也是，45000mm2≤S≤480000mm2，在一些例子中，S可以是45000mm2、50000mm2、70000mm2、100000mm2、150000mm2、180000mm2、200000mm2、250000mm2、300000mm2、350000mm2、400000mm2、410000mm2、420000mm2、440000mm2、450000mm2、470000mm2、480000mm2或45000mm2至480000mm2之间的其他数值。
在某些实施方式中，壳体呈长方体形，壳体包括第一侧面412，第一侧面412为壳体面积最大的侧面，调温板440平行于第一侧面412。
如此，可以提升裸电芯与调温板440的换热效率。
具体地，请参图1，呈长方体形的壳体具有两个第一大面414、两个第一窄面416和两个第一端面418，第一大面414、第一窄面416和第一端面418相互垂直。在图1所示的实施方式中，第一大面414平行于XZ平面，第一窄面416平行XY平面，第一端面418平行于YZ平面，第一侧面412为第一大面414，且为壳体面积最大的侧面。
为进一步达到良好的换热效率，裸电芯(图未示)可以呈长方体形，裸电芯具有两个第二大面、两个第二窄面和两个第二端面，第二大面、第二窄面和第二端面相互垂直。在图1所示的实施方式中，第二大面平行于XZ平面，第二窄面平行XY平面，第二端面平行于YZ平面，第二大面为裸电芯面积最大的侧面。请结合图1，第二大面的长边在壳体的长度方向上，如X轴，第二大面的短边在壳体的高度方向上，如Z轴，第二窄面的长边在壳体的长度方向上，如X轴，第二窄面的短边在壳体的宽度方向上，如Y轴，第二端面的长边在壳体的高度方向上，如Z轴，第二端面的窄边在壳体的宽度方向上，如Y方向上。
调温板440平行于第一侧面412，使得调温板440围成容置腔450的侧面面积较大，第二大面与调温板440的侧面相贴，可以保证裸电芯与调温板440的接触面积最大化，提升了裸电芯与调温板440的换热效率。
在某些实施方式中，壳体包括垂直于第一侧面412的第二侧面422和第三侧面424，第二侧面422垂直于第三侧面424，调温板440具有凸出部位426，凸出部位426凸出于第二侧面422和第三侧面424中的至少一个。
如此，可以方便的实现后续的焊接工艺等，防止焊接时对调温板440的破坏，保证设计的结构稳定性。
具体地，请参图1，第一侧面412为壳体沿Y轴上的侧面，第二侧面422为壳体沿X轴上的侧面，第三侧面424为壳体沿Z轴上的侧面，调温板440在X轴上具有凸出于一个或两个第一侧面412的凸出部位426，例如，凸出部位426可以供焊接接头时使用，防止焊接接头时对调温板440的破坏，保证设计的结构稳定性。
在一个实施方式中，调温板440也可在Z轴上具有凸出于一个或两个第三侧面424的凸出部位426。
在某些实施方式中，壳体呈长方体形，开口406设在壳体相背的两侧板中的至少一侧板。
如此，方便裸电芯的安装。
具体地，开口406设在壳体相背的两侧板中的至少一侧板，使得裸电芯可以从壳体的至少一个方向上安装入容置腔450内，提高装配效率。
在一个实施方式中，开口406设在壳体沿X轴方向上的一个侧板，即开口406开设在其中一个第一端面418，例如开口406开设在沿X轴正方向上的第一端面418，裸电芯可以从X轴正方向上的开口406安装入容置腔450。
在一个实施方式中，请参图1和图2，开口406设在壳体沿X轴方向上的两个侧板，即开口406开设在两个第一端面418，例如开口406开设在图示的X轴正方向和负方向上的两个第一端面418，裸电芯可以从X轴正方向上的开口406安装入容置腔450，裸电芯也可以从X轴负方向上的开口406安装入容置腔450。
在一个实施方式中，开口406设在壳体沿Z轴方向上的一个侧板，即开口406开设在其一个第一窄面416，例如开口406开设在沿Z轴正方向上的第一窄面416，裸电芯可以从Z轴正方向上的开口406安装入容置腔450。
在一个实施方式中，请参图7，开口406设在壳体沿Z轴方向上的两个侧板，即开口406开设在两个第一窄面416，例如，开口406开设在图示的Z轴正方向和负方向上的两个第一窄面416，裸电芯可以从Z轴正方向上的开口406安装入容置腔450，裸电芯也可以从Z轴负方向上的开口406安装入容置腔450。
不同裸电芯的安装方向可以是相同的，也可以是不同的。例如，当一个容置腔450需要装入两个裸电芯时，可以是，两个裸电芯可以同时从Z轴正方向上的开口406，或从Z轴负方向上的开口406装入容置腔450；也可以是，一个裸电芯可以从Z轴负方向上的开口406装入容置腔450，另一个裸电芯可以从Z轴正方向上的开口406装入容置腔450。
在某些实施方式中，调温板440内设有调温流道470，调温板440连接有第一接头441和第二接头442，第一接头441连通调温流道470的一端，第二接头442连通调温流道470的另一端。
如此，可以利用在调温流道470内通入调温流体来对裸电芯进行调温，方便简单，成本低。
具体地，调温流道470内可以通入的调温流体可为水、油、气体或其他介质的流体，在此不作具体限定。第一接头441可以作为通入接头，第二接头442可以作为排出接头。通入接头和排出接头可根据调温流道470的流向变化做描述的改变。
当需要对裸电芯冷却时，可以从第一接头441向调温通道内通入低温流体，低温流体在流动过程中，通过调温板440与裸电芯进行热交换，进而冷却裸电芯，热交换后的调温流体形成高温流体，高温流体经第二接头442排出调温流道470，高温流体可以在壳体外部进行冷却重新形成低温流体，再次经第一接头441通入调温通道，如此循环，实现对裸电芯的循环冷却。
当需要对裸电芯加热时，可以从第一接头441向调温通道内通入高温流体，高温流体在流动过程中，通过调温板440与裸电芯进行热交换，进而加热裸电芯，热交换后的调温流体形成低温流体，低温流体经第二接头442排出调温流道470，低温流体可以在壳体外部进行加热重新形成高温流体，再次经第一接头441通入调温通道，如此循环，实现对裸电芯的循环加热。
综上，可以实现对裸电芯的温度控制效果，而且减少了调温流体与裸电芯之间的热量传递介质，提升裸电芯的温度控制效果。
可以理解，在其他实施方式中，调温板440内也可以不设置调温流道470，调温板440可以是实心的调温板。
在某些实施方式中，第一接头441和第二接头442分别位于调温板440竖直中轴线V的两侧和水平中轴线H的两侧。
如此，进一步提升裸电芯的温度控制效果。
具体地，请参图4和图5，每个壳体400上的接头为2个，可以将调温板440按调温板440竖直中轴线V和水平中轴线H划分为第一区域443、第二区域444、第三区域445和第四区域446。在图5中，第一接头441位于第二区域444边缘，第二接头442位于第四区域446的边缘。如此，当调温流体从第一接头441流入调温流道470，并从第二接头442流出调温流道470过程中，调温流体流过的跨度较大，可以流过较大面积的调温板440，使得调温流体尽量多地与调温板440进行热交换，进而使得调温流体尽量多地与裸电芯进行热交换，进一步提升裸电芯的温度控制效果。
在一个实施方式中，第一接头441可位于第四区域446的边缘，第二接头442位于第二区域444的边缘。
在一个实施方式中，第一接头441可位于第三区域445的边缘，第二接头442位于第一区域443的边缘。
在一个实施方式中，第一接头441可位于第一区域443的边缘，第二接头442位于第三区域445的边缘。
在其他实施方式中，接头的数量也可大于2个，接头也可以设置在调温板440的同一侧面上。
在某些实施方式中，调温流道470为迂回流道。
如此，进一步提升裸电芯的温度控制效果。
具体地，请参图5，迂回流道可以是蛇形流道，蛇形流道包括多个直流道447和多个弯流道448。在图5中，多个直流道447沿Z轴方向间隔平行均匀排列，位于最上方的直流道447的一端与第一接头441连接，相邻两个直流道447之间通过一个弯流道448首尾连接，位于最下方的直流道447的一端与第二接头442连接。弯流道448呈半圆环状，以减少调温流体的流动阻力。这种设计可以使调温流体在调温流道470内具有多个往返路径，调温流体与裸电芯之间的热交换时间更长，可提高换热效率，进一步提升裸电芯的温度控制效果。
整个调温流道470基本上均匀布置在调温板440内部以使得调温流体能够与调温板440充分接触，进而进一步提升裸电芯的温度控制效果。
在一个实施方式中，迂回流道可以是Z形流道，或其他形状的迂回流道，迂回流道使得调温流体在迂回流道内具有多个流动方向，目的是为了增大调温流体与调温板440的接触面积。
在一个实施方式中，调温流道470的设计还可采用并行流道结构(如图6)或蛇形流道与并行流道结构的改进或结合形式，调温流道470的形状、流道宽度以及通入的调温流体的流速可根据需求调整。
在某些实施方式中，壳体的至少一侧板设置为调温板440，调温板440与裸电芯相贴。
如此，进一步提升裸电芯的温度控制效果。
具体地，请参图10，在一个实施方式中，两个调温板440平行设置，两个调温板440分别作为一个容置腔450的两相对侧板，裸电芯位于两个调温板440之间且均与两个调温板440相贴。第一大面414所在的侧板可以形成为调温板440。
在一个实施方式中，两个调温板440可以垂直设置。在图7中，沿Z轴方向排列的两个第一窄面416所在的两个侧板，至少一个侧板形成为调温板440。在图10中，沿Y轴方向排列的两个第一大面414所在的两个侧板，至少一个侧板形成为调温板440。容置腔450的开口方向沿X轴，在一个实施方式中，容置腔450的开口方向也可沿Z轴方向，并可选择开口的数量。
两个调温板440的结构可以是相同的，也可以是不同的，在此不作具体限定。
本申请对顶盖408的材质不作具体限定。顶盖408的材质可以与壳体400的材质相同，也可以不同。顶盖408可以与壳体400通过焊接方式进行连接。顶盖408上还可设有注液孔、防暴阀、极柱等部件，极柱与裸电芯电连接。一个顶盖408可以安装在一个容置腔450的开口406，也可以安装在两个容置腔450的两个开口406，还可以安装在所有容置腔450的开口406。在图8和图9中，一个顶盖408安装在一个容置腔450的开口406。
在一个实施方式中，可以将数量相同的裸电芯分别放入壳体400的两个容置腔450内，利用激光焊接的方式将顶盖408与壳体进行密封焊接，再完成注液、化成等工序后，得到电池单体100。这里，裸电芯的外部壳体400不但作为容纳裸电芯的结构，同时容置腔450的调温板440还作为调温的侧板，将传统的电池单体100外部调温形式变为对电池单体100内部的裸电芯直接调温，形成了壳体400-凋温板一体化的结构设计。裸电芯入壳时，裸电芯的第二大面可分别与调温板440的两个面相贴合，调温流体在调温流道470里流过时可与裸电芯的第二大面进行热交换。
请参图11和图12，本申请实施方式的一种电池模组10包括上述任一实施方式的电池单体100。
具体地，电池模组10还包括箱体300，多个电池单体100容置在箱体300中，箱体300可以保护电池单体100不被损坏。电池单体100为方形电池单体100，多个电池单体100中的至少部分电池单体100通过连接组件200连接。具体地，连接组件200可包括多个连接件，连接件可以将相邻两个电池单体100如通过焊接的方式进行固定连接。
在一个实施方式中，箱体300可以包括第一部分310和第二部分320，第一部分310和第二部分320共同限定出用于容纳电池单体100的容纳空间。第一部分310可以是板状结构，其盖合于第二部分320的开口侧。第一部分310和第二部分320限定出的容纳空间可具有多种形状，如：正方体、长方体或圆柱体等，在此不作具体限定。
箱体300中可以设置多个电池单体100，多个电池单体100之间可以是串联、并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体100中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体100可通过上述的连接方式连接后直接放入到箱体300内，也可将多个电池单体100先通过串联或并联或混联方式组装成模组后，再将模组放入箱体300内。
电池模组10中的电池单体100可以是二次电池单体100或一次电池单体100，可以是锂离子电池单体100、锂硫电池单体100、锂空气电池单体100、钠离子电池单体100、镁离子电池单体100等，在此不作具体限定。
相邻两个电池单体100的第一大面414相互贴靠。相邻两个电池单体100的第一大面414与第一大面414之间无缝隙贴靠，在另一个实施方式中，至少部分电池单体100的第一 大面414与第一大面414之间保留间隙贴靠，以方便在电池单体100外部对两个电池单体100进行风冷。
在一个实施方式中，两个电池单体100的调温板440之间的连接管道采用塑料橡胶制成，管道可以连接调温板上的接头，例如，对于一个电池模组10来说，所有电池单体100的调温板440的接头利用管道进行串接，即管道的一端连接一个调温板440上的排出接头，另一端连接另一个调温板440的通入接头，在另一实施方式中，两个电池单体100的调温板440之间的连接管道也可采用金属制成。
请参图13，本申请实施方式的一种用电设备500包括上述实施方式的电池模组10。
上述电池模组10和用电设备500中，容置腔450容置裸电芯，裸电芯与调温板440围成容置腔450的侧面相贴，使得裸电芯可以直接与调温板440进行热交换，减少了裸电芯与调温板440之间的传递介质，提升了调温板440对裸电芯的温度控制效果，进而改善电池模组10的温度控制效果。
用电设备500可包括一个或多个电池模组10，多个电池模组10可以是串联、并联或串并联的方式进行电连接。
用电设备500可以是电力类储能装置、动力类储能装置和消费类储能装置中的至少一种。
电力类储能装置包括但不限于储能电箱、储能电柜、储能电池簇、集装箱式储能系统等，动力类储能装置包括但不限于乘用车、商用车、特种车、航天器、轮船、电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动滑板车等，消费类储能装置包括但不限于手机、平板、笔记本电脑、电动玩具、电动工具等。可以通过使用本申请实施方式的电池模组10组成该用电设备500的电源系统，这样有利于提高电池单体100的温度控制效果及电源系统内空间利用率，并减少物料及制造成本，提高生产效率。
请参图13至图15，用电设备是储能电柜。储能电柜的内部设置有电池模组10，电池模组10可以设置为一层或多层。电池模组10可以用于储能电柜的充电也可以用于向储能电柜的外部用电设备500供电。储能电柜还包括功能单元，如：监控单元11、灭火单元、综合探测等单元。
综上，本申请提供了一种壳体400设计，将面积较大的容置腔450的侧板直接作为调温板，使调温板可以集成至壳体内部，完成壳体与调温板的一体化设计。该设计省去了传统换热需要使用导热胶、结构胶或导热结构胶等将调温板与壳体400粘结到一起调温设计，缩短了电池单体100内部裸电芯与调温流体的接触距离，提高了换热效率和结构紧凑度。
由于电池模组10中使用的电池单体100具有特征尺寸(如容置腔450的宽度，壳体的长度和高度，壳体的调温面积等)，因此对于相同高度的用电设备500，使用电池单体100后可以使用电设备500在高度方向和宽度方向上排布的电池单体100数量更少，用电设备 500的结构更加的简洁，整体的体积能量密度更高，避免了采用传统风冷设计时需要预留大量风道造成能量密度下降的缺点，同时也提高了系统中调温设计(如液冷设计)的换热效果。
除此之外，在该设计中，调温板的布置位置为两个裸电芯的中间且与裸电芯的大面相接触，使对电池单体100的调温方式由传统的底部调温变为电池单体100大面调温，增加了换热面积，避免了电池单体100散热不均匀的问题，实现了在高度方向的上下温度均衡的温度控制效果，同时，调温板内的蛇形流道还提高了调温流体与每个裸电芯大面的热交换时间，进一步提升换热效果。所设计壳体400可以改变裸电芯容置腔450和调温板的数量和尺寸，且壳体400可采用压铸成型，因此可根据通过改变压铸模具灵活变更其尺寸、形状和流道内部的精细结构等，使壳体400具有较高的灵活性和适配度。
本申请的电池单体100，由于壳体400至少具有两个可装载裸电芯的容置腔450，在电池单体100的制造生产中，将裸电芯与壳体1:1入壳变为裸电芯与壳体的N：1入壳(N≥2)，提高了电池单体100的生产节拍。
本申请的电池模组10以及用电设备500，采用上述电池单体100组装的电池模组10或用电设备可因为更好地调温效果和更紧凑的结构，实现更长的使用寿命、更高的质量能量密度和体积能量密度。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施方式”、“一些实施方式”、“示意性实施方式”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合实施方式或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含在本申请的至少一个实施方式或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施方式或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施方式或示例中以合适的方式结合。
尽管已经示出和描述了本申请的实施方式，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本申请的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施方式进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本申请的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种电池单体，其中，包括：
    壳体，所述壳体内腔设有调温板，所述调温板将所述壳体内腔分隔成至少两个容置腔；
    裸电芯，每个所述容置腔内容置至少一个所述裸电芯；
    所述裸电芯与所述调温板相贴。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述容置腔呈长方体形，每个所述容置腔的宽度选自范围[50mm,150mm]。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电池单体，其中，所述壳体呈长方体形，所述壳体的长度选自范围[300mm,1200mm]，高度选自范围[150mm,400mm]。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述壳体呈长方体形，所述壳体包括第一侧面，所述第一侧面为所述壳体面积最大的侧面，所述第一侧面的面积选自范围[45000mm2,480000mm2]，所述第一侧面所在的壳体侧板与所述裸电芯相贴。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述壳体呈长方体形，所述壳体包括第一侧面，所述第一侧面为所述壳体面积最大的侧面，所述调温板平行于所述第一侧面。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池单体，其中，所述壳体包括垂直于所述第一侧面的第二侧面和第三侧面，所述第二侧面垂直于所述第三侧面，所述调温板具有凸出部位，所述凸出部位凸出于所述第二侧面和所述第三侧面中的至少一个。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述调温板内设有调温流道，所述调温板连接有第一接头和第二接头，所述第一接头连通所述调温流道的一端，所述第二接头连通所述调温流道的另一端。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一接头和所述第二接头分别位于所述调温板竖直中轴线的两侧和水平中轴线的两侧。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的电池单体，其中，所述调温流道为迂回流道。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述壳体的至少一侧板设置为所述调温板，所述调温板与所述裸电芯相贴。
  11. 一种电池模组，其中，包括权利要求1-10任一项所述的电池单体。
  12. 一种用电设备，其中，包括权利要求11所述的电池模组。
PCT/CN2024/070159 2023-01-12 2024-01-02 电池单体、电池模组和用电设备 Ceased WO2024149115A1 (zh)

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CN218123570U (zh) * 2022-09-23 2022-12-23 楚能新能源股份有限公司 一种电池模组
CN115939588A (zh) * 2023-01-12 2023-04-07 厦门海辰储能科技股份有限公司 电池单体、电池模组和用电设备
CN116053600A (zh) * 2023-01-12 2023-05-02 厦门海辰储能科技股份有限公司 电池单体、电池模组和用电设备
CN219144282U (zh) * 2023-01-12 2023-06-06 厦门海辰储能科技股份有限公司 电池单体、电池模组和用电设备

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CN209487577U (zh) * 2019-04-17 2019-10-11 北京车和家信息技术有限公司 电池模组壳体、电池模组、动力电池包及新能源车辆
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