WO2024112981A1 - Imprimante de matériau de construction 3d pour l'impression 3d de brins de matériau de construction et pour relier les brins de matériau de construction par l'intermédiaire d'éléments de renforcement croisés - Google Patents

Imprimante de matériau de construction 3d pour l'impression 3d de brins de matériau de construction et pour relier les brins de matériau de construction par l'intermédiaire d'éléments de renforcement croisés Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024112981A1
WO2024112981A1 PCT/AT2022/060420 AT2022060420W WO2024112981A1 WO 2024112981 A1 WO2024112981 A1 WO 2024112981A1 AT 2022060420 W AT2022060420 W AT 2022060420W WO 2024112981 A1 WO2024112981 A1 WO 2024112981A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
building material
transverse reinforcement
outlet nozzle
building
printer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AT2022/060420
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Martin Staudinger
Original Assignee
Uniqum Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Uniqum Gmbh filed Critical Uniqum Gmbh
Priority to PCT/AT2022/060420 priority Critical patent/WO2024112981A1/fr
Publication of WO2024112981A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024112981A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/001—Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • B28B23/0062—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects forcing the elements into the cast material, e.g. hooks into cast concrete
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • B28B23/02—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members
    • B28B23/022—Means for inserting reinforcing members into the mould or for supporting them in the mould

Definitions

  • 3D building material printer for 3D printing of building material strands and for connecting the building material strands via transverse reinforcement elements
  • the invention relates to a 3D building material printer, in particular a 3D concrete printer, for 3D printing building material strands, in particular concrete strands, and for connecting the building material strands via transverse reinforcement elements, comprising: a building material outlet nozzle with a building material outlet opening for the exit of building material, a transverse reinforcement element dispensing device with a transverse reinforcement element dispensing opening for dispensing the transverse reinforcement elements into the building material and with a transverse reinforcement element guide for guiding the transverse reinforcement elements to the transverse reinforcement element dispensing opening, a feed device for feeding the building material outlet nozzle and the transverse reinforcement element dispensing device in a longitudinal direction, so that from the building material exiting from the building material outlet nozzle, Building material strands can be printed, which can be connected transversely to the longitudinal direction via the transverse reinforcement elements.
  • the invention relates to a method for 3D printing of building material strands and for connecting the building material strands via transverse reinforcement elements with at least the following steps:
  • the preferred building material is a cement-bound building material, in particular concrete or mortar, or gypsum or geopolymer concrete or a cement-free concrete.
  • 3D printing with concrete by means of which concrete elements can be produced in a largely automated manner.
  • Another advantage of 3D concrete printing is the high flexibility in the shaping of printed elements. While cast concrete elements require complex formwork that must correspond to the negative of the desired element, 3D concrete printing can also be used to produce complex geometries in a short time and with relatively little effort or without formwork.
  • Another advantage of 3D concrete printing is, for example, a cost-effective reduction in the necessary component thicknesses and the associated material, weight and CO2 savings.
  • the element to be printed can be formed in layers from individual strands, in the case of 3D concrete printers from concrete strands.
  • reinforcement in concrete elements Due to the mechanical properties of concrete, in particular due to the relatively low tensile strength compared to the high compressive strength, it is advantageous to provide reinforcement in concrete elements to increase the tensile strength.
  • steel bars or grids can be used as reinforcement to obtain reinforced concrete.
  • Reinforcement can be prefabricated in a separate production step and arranged accordingly and then poured over with concrete or printed into concrete or overprinted with concrete. In order to reduce production time and at the same time save material, reinforcement elements can also be released during the 3D printing process and integrated into the concrete element to be printed.
  • transverse reinforcement can also be inserted in the lengthwise direction of the concrete strands to increase the tensile strength.
  • WO 2020 252 532 Al shows a nozzle for a Printer for concrete.
  • a reinforcement grid is applied using a dispenser that is positioned in front of the nozzle in the printing direction.
  • the reinforcement grid is then coated with concrete using the nozzle after it has been applied.
  • the nozzle outlet has a slot that can be guided over the vertically positioned grid so that the grid is embedded in the concrete that comes out of the nozzle outlet.
  • EP 3 431 172 A1 shows a nozzle for applying concrete with a main opening for concrete and an additional opening for the supply of an additive such as a setting accelerator.
  • An actively driven mixer is provided in the nozzle to ensure a homogeneous mixing of the concrete with the accelerator.
  • Reinforcing grids are provided which are placed before printing and which are then printed using a two-part nozzle or two separate nozzles.
  • a method for printing a composite material is known from DE 10 2017 208 495 Al.
  • Bundles of reinforcing fibers are aligned along a path and enclosed in a matrix of polymers, carbon, silicon or metals. The alignment of the bundles along the path is maintained.
  • WO 2019 202 156 A1 shows a 3D printing process for producing a component made of concrete. After a layer of concrete has been printed, lower reinforcement elements protruding from the layer are manually connected to upper reinforcement elements to form a continuous strand of reinforcement elements. The strands run perpendicular to the layers of concrete.
  • DE 10 2018 008 703 Al shows a device for reinforcing structures manufactured using 3D concrete printing.
  • a needle head tool is arranged behind a 3D concrete printing head.
  • the needle head tool moves over freshly printed concrete layers from the 3D concrete printing head and inserts reinforcement elements to connect several concrete layers.
  • KR 2021 0130609 A shows another 3D printer for concrete and a nozzle arrangement. Vertical reinforcements are provided that connect the concrete strips vertically to each other. connect .
  • WO 99 67072 shows that steel fibres can be introduced into wet cement and aligned by means of a magnetic field .
  • the devices and methods known from the prior art provide for reinforcements either before concrete is applied and then subsequently printed with concrete, or for the reinforcements to be introduced subsequently or after a concrete strand has been printed in a separate process step.
  • This typically requires a nozzle for applying concrete and a separate device for introducing reinforcement elements, in particular for connecting several concrete strands.
  • a disadvantage of these solutions is that the lateral distance between the nozzle and the device for introducing the reinforcements results in a relatively large print head overall, which in turn limits the operation of the 3D printer. For example, care must be taken to ensure that the print head is not moved into any previously printed concrete strands, reinforcements that have already been introduced and/or objects in the surrounding area.
  • known 3D printers are subject to restrictions with regard to the radii of curvature that can be printed in the plane.
  • the transverse reinforcement element guide extends into the interior of the building material outlet nozzle, so that the transverse reinforcement elements are inserted into the exit cross-section of the building material at the building material outlet opening can be submitted.
  • the transverse reinforcement elements are guided into the interior of the building material outlet nozzle so that the transverse reinforcement elements are released into the outlet cross-section of the liquid building material at the building material outlet opening.
  • the 3D building material printer has a building material outlet nozzle with a building material outlet opening for the outlet of building material.
  • the building material outlet opening can be round, for example, in particular circular.
  • a diameter of the building material outlet opening can be between 5 mm (millimeters) and 100 mm, for example.
  • the building material outlet nozzle can be advanced at least in one longitudinal direction by means of a feed device. If the building material outlet nozzle releases building material during the feed, a building material strand is printed along the longitudinal direction.
  • the height of a building material strand can be between 4 mm and 50 mm, for example.
  • the width of a building material strand can essentially correspond to the diameter of the building material outlet nozzle.
  • the width of a building material strand can, for example, correspond to up to four times the diameter of the building material outlet nozzle. Both straight and curved building material strands can be printed by moving the building material outlet nozzle accordingly.
  • the building material outlet nozzle is preferably arranged essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, i.e. to the strand direction of the building material strands.
  • the feed device can have a drive with which the building material outlet nozzle can be moved at least along one axis.
  • the drive is preferably set up for displacement in three axes, in particular in the three orthogonal spatial axes.
  • the feed takes place at a feed speed that can be constant or can vary depending on the location. Typical feed speeds are between 10 cm/s (centimeters per second) and 50 cm/s.
  • Transverse reinforcement elements can be, for example, pins or nails made of steel, in particular stainless steel or carbon steel, aluminum, solder, copper, glass fiber, plastic or aramid.
  • the length of the pins can range from 10 mm to 400 mm, for example from 16 mm to 56 mm.
  • the diameter of the pins can, for example, range from 0.5 mm to 20 mm.
  • the transverse reinforcement dispensing device has a transverse reinforcement element guide for guiding the transverse reinforcement elements to a transverse reinforcement element dispensing opening.
  • the guide can be straight. This design is particularly suitable for rigid transverse reinforcement elements, such as steel pins.
  • the transverse reinforcement element guide can have a bend, especially when flexible transverse reinforcement elements are used.
  • Transverse reinforcement elements can be released into the building material through the transverse reinforcement element release opening.
  • the transverse reinforcement elements connect building material strands to one another transversely to their longitudinal directions, thereby improving their cohesion and the overall stability of the printed building material element.
  • the transverse reinforcement element guide extends into the interior of the building material outlet nozzle so that the transverse reinforcement elements can be released into the exit cross-section of the building material at the building material outlet opening. This arrangement allows both building material and transverse reinforcement elements to be released in a simple manner and using a compact structure.
  • the transverse reinforcement element release device can be connected to the building material outlet nozzle to form a print head so that the transverse reinforcement element release device can be advanced or moved together with the building material outlet nozzle.
  • the print head can be in motion during the delivery of the transverse reinforcement elements or the movement of the building material outlet nozzle can be paused for the time it takes to insert the transverse reinforcement elements.
  • the building material outlet nozzle and the transverse reinforcement element dispensing device together form a pressure head. Since the transverse reinforcement elements are dispensed into the outlet cross-section of the building material outlet nozzle, it is possible to achieve almost any curvature radii in a horizontal plane, since the pressure head can be made particularly short in the longitudinal or feed direction. In contrast, the building material In the prior art, the outlet nozzle and the transverse reinforcement element discharge opening were spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction of the building material strands, which severely limited the geometries that could be printed. Furthermore, a rear part of the print head, viewed in the printing direction, would swing out if the direction of the feed changed, which in turn would limit the printing process and/or the discharge of transverse reinforcement elements.
  • the transverse reinforcement element guide extends into the interior of the building material outlet nozzle, so that the transverse reinforcement elements and the building material are discharged essentially at the same point.
  • the building material outlet nozzle can be guided along a predefined path together with the transverse reinforcement element dispensing device.
  • the building material outlet nozzle can be movable along one or more, in particular three mutually orthogonal, axes by means of the feed device.
  • the building material outlet nozzle can be raised vertically together with the transverse reinforcement element dispensing device by means of the feed device, for example, and moved over the previously printed building material strand in order to print two building material strands lying one above the other.
  • individual transverse reinforcement elements are introduced into the building material at certain longitudinal intervals, with the transverse reinforcement elements each connecting at least two and preferably fewer than eight printed building material strands transversely to one another.
  • the building material strands can also be referred to as printing tracks.
  • the transverse reinforcement elements can, for example, be pressed through already printed lower building material strands when printing an upper building material strand in order to connect the building material strands to one another.
  • Two or more transverse reinforcement elements can abut one another at the front within the transverse reinforcement element guide. If the second or generally another transverse reinforcement element is pushed into the transverse reinforcement element guide, for example by a conveyor unit, a transverse reinforcement element is inserted into the building material. and pressed or pressed into the building material strands.
  • the transverse reinforcement elements can be pressed completely into the building material or into printed building material strands.
  • the tensile strength of 3D-printed building material elements can be significantly increased and thus improved by the transverse reinforcement elements.
  • the 3D building material printer can be operated at a fixed location, for example in a hall, in order to produce building material elements in series at this location.
  • the building material elements can be transported to a construction site after they have been produced, especially after they have hardened.
  • the 3D building material printer can be mobile and put into operation at a construction site in order to produce building material elements directly at or near the destination.
  • the transverse reinforcement element guide extends within the building material outlet nozzle essentially perpendicular to the building material outlet opening. This allows transverse reinforcement elements to be discharged essentially in the direction of flow of the building material in the building material outlet nozzle.
  • the main extension plane of the transverse reinforcement discharge opening can coincide with the main extension plane of the building material outlet opening.
  • the transverse reinforcement element discharge opening can be located in front of the building material outlet opening in the direction of flow of the building material. This allows transverse reinforcement elements to be wetted and flowed around by liquid building material already within the building material outlet nozzle.
  • a center point of the transverse reinforcement element discharge opening essentially coincides with a center point of the building material outlet opening.
  • transverse reinforcement elements This allows transverse reinforcement elements to be discharged in the center of the exiting building material. Due to the viscosity of the exiting building material, the problem can arise that the transverse reinforcement elements are not always completely surrounded by building material, which could limit the stability of a printed building material element. Furthermore, voids can occur in the building material which are created by the introduction of the transverse reinforcement elements. If the building material is very viscous, the transverse reinforcement elements can be discharged, for example, at a high exit speed, in particular at an exit speed of more than 1 m/s (meters per second). If the transverse reinforcement element is released essentially at the center of the building material outlet nozzle, it can be ensured that the entire transverse reinforcement element comes into contact with liquid building material, is wetted accordingly and flows around it.
  • the point symmetry in the main extension plane of the building material outlet opening around the center of the building material outlet opening is maintained. This means that no undesirable geometric effects can occur if the direction of movement of the building material outlet nozzle changes. For example, shading of the escaping building material by the transverse reinforcement element guide and/or the transverse reinforcement elements depending on the feed direction is prevented.
  • the transverse reinforcement element guide can, for example, comprise a hollow element, in particular a straight guide tube, preferably with a cross-section that essentially corresponds to the transverse reinforcement elements.
  • the cross-section of the hollow element can essentially correspond to a cross-section of the transverse reinforcement elements, so that several transverse reinforcement elements cannot pass through the transverse reinforcement element guide next to one another.
  • Particularly preferred are transverse reinforcement elements that are cylindrical or pin-shaped in cross-section and have an essentially circular cross-section. In this case, the The inner diameter of the hollow element essentially corresponds to the diameter of the transverse reinforcement elements.
  • a cutting unit for cutting a transverse reinforcement element starting material, in particular a strand material, for example a wire, into the individual transverse reinforcement elements, for example wire pins.
  • the strand material can be, for example, a wire made of steel, in particular stainless steel or carbon, aluminum, solder, copper, glass fiber, plastic or aramid.
  • the transverse reinforcement element starting material can be divided or cut into pieces of suitable length.
  • the cutting unit can be provided for this purpose and can be, for example, pneumatic or electric wire cutters.
  • An output of the cutting unit, from which transverse reinforcement elements can leave the cutting unit can be connected to an input of the transverse reinforcement element guide.
  • the transverse reinforcement elements can be fed automatically, for example by utilizing gravity or by a drive, from the cutting unit to the transverse reinforcement element delivery device.
  • a spool is provided for the transverse reinforcement element starting material.
  • the spool allows the transverse reinforcement starting material to be stored particularly easily and unrolled for removal and feeding to the cutting unit. For example, between 100 linear meters and 4000 linear meters of transverse reinforcement starting material can be stored on the spool. If the transverse reinforcement starting material on the spool has been used up, the spool can be replaced with a new spool or a spool loaded with transverse reinforcement starting material.
  • the spool can be mounted so that the transverse reinforcement starting material can be removed by turning the spool or by pulling on the transverse reinforcement starting material.
  • a conveyor unit for conveying the transverse reinforcement element starting material from the coil to the cutting unit.
  • the conveyor unit can convey the transverse reinforcement element starting material, in particular the strand material, into the cutting unit.
  • the transverse reinforcement element starting material can be conveyed, for example, along the main axis of the transverse reinforcement element starting material.
  • the conveying unit can be, for example, a wire feed device such as a feed case.
  • the conveying unit can also be set up to feed the transverse reinforcement elements obtained by cutting to the transverse reinforcement element delivery device.
  • the transverse reinforcement element starting material can be conveyed from the coil to the cutting device, after which transverse reinforcement elements are conveyed from the cutting device to the transverse element delivery device. This sequence defines "before” and "after".
  • the cutting unit is provided before the transverse reinforcement element delivery device.
  • a contouring unit is provided for contouring the transverse reinforcement element starting material.
  • the contouring unit can be provided, for example, between the coil and the cutting unit in order to contour the transverse reinforcement element starting material before it is cut.
  • transverse reinforcement elements that have already been cut to size can also be contoured.
  • one or more gears can be rolled on the outer surface of the transverse reinforcement elements or the transverse reinforcement element starting material in order to create indentations. The tensile strength of printed building material elements can be further improved by contouring.
  • a building material supply device which is designed to supply liquid building material to the building material outlet nozzle.
  • the building material supply device can, for example, have a building material mixer, in particular a mobile building material mixer, preferably a truck mixer, which is connected to the building material outlet nozzle via a supply line.
  • the building material supply device can have a pump or a conveyor screw, by means of which liquid building material is supplied to the Building material outlet nozzle can be transported.
  • the building material supply device can be designed to be able to control the supply of building material, in particular the volume and/or the mass of liquid building material per unit of time, to the building material outlet nozzle.
  • the building material outlet nozzle preferably has a building material line with at least one initial section connected to the building material supply device, a curved intermediate section and an end section having the building material outlet opening, wherein the transverse reinforcement element guide enters the building material line, in particular in the curved intermediate section.
  • the transverse reinforcement element guide preferably penetrates a wall of the building material line so that transverse reinforcement elements can be guided through the wall into the interior of the building material line by means of the transverse reinforcement element guide. In particular when the transverse reinforcement element guide is straight, it is advantageous if the transverse reinforcement element guide enters the curved intermediate section.
  • This arrangement makes it possible to make the print head having the building material outlet nozzle and the transverse reinforcement element dispensing device with the transverse reinforcement element guide particularly compact and to dispense the transverse reinforcement elements essentially in the flow direction of the building material at the building material outlet opening.
  • the initial section and the end section are preferably straight.
  • the transverse reinforcement element guide can be arranged coaxially to the end section of the building material outlet nozzle.
  • the cutting unit can be arranged next to the curved intermediate section.
  • the curved intermediate section and the cutting device can be arranged vertically, at least partially overlapping, in particular at the same height.
  • the cutting unit can be arranged above the end section of the building material line, so that the end section with the building material outlet opening overlaps the cutting unit in the horizontal direction. This allows the horizontal extension of the print head to be kept as small as possible.
  • the building material pipe has two bent pipe sections between the start and the end section, with the start section extending into the two curved pipe sections which are brought together in the end section.
  • the curved pipe sections run next to one another, in particular essentially parallel, with regard to the flow of the building material. This allows liquid building material to flow in parallel flows through both curved pipe sections from the start section to the end section at the same time.
  • the transverse reinforcement element guide can enter one of the two curved pipe sections or enter both curved pipe sections.
  • the transverse reinforcement element guide can enter the end section of the building material outlet nozzle.
  • the transverse reinforcement element guide can be arranged in a vertical plane essentially centrally between the two curved pipe sections.
  • a transverse reinforcement element or the transverse reinforcement element guide in the end section can be surrounded by building material from two sides.
  • both bent pipe sections have the same inner diameter in order to effect substantially the same flow of building material through both pipe sections.
  • the two bent pipe sections can be brought together with the end section on opposite sides. This allows a transverse reinforcement element or the transverse reinforcement element guide in the end section to be surrounded by building material from two opposite sides.
  • the transverse reinforcement elements could, in some applications, depending on the viscosity of the liquid building material, for example, split the building material strands if the transverse reinforcement elements are not sufficiently surrounded by building material over their entire circumference. By using two bent pipe sections, such shading by the transverse reinforcement elements can be prevented as far as possible, regardless of the consistency of the liquid building material.
  • the 3D building material printer can, in a preferred embodiment, have a robot arm with at least three robot axes, whereby the building material outlet nozzle is an end effector of the robot arm.
  • the transverse reinforcement delivery device can also be part of the end effector.
  • the robot arm can preferably have three translational and have three rotary robot axes with which the building material outlet nozzle can be moved.
  • the 3D building material printer can have a control device which is designed to control at least one or more of the following parameters:
  • the control device can have a digital memory in which a design to be printed is stored.
  • the control device can be set up to control the 3D building material printer in such a way that the design to be printed is printed.
  • the movement of the building material outlet nozzle can be controlled together with the transverse reinforcement element dispensing device.
  • one or more motorized axes for example also robot axes, can be used to move the building material outlet nozzle.
  • the control unit can control the motor or motors of the one or more axes accordingly.
  • the volume flow of building material through the building material outlet nozzle can be controlled.
  • a building material supply into the building material outlet nozzle can be controlled by the building material supply device. If the building material supply device has, for example, a pump for supplying liquid building material, the performance of the pump can be controlled. Alternatively or additionally, the building material outlet nozzle can have a valve which can be controlled by the control unit to control the volume flow.
  • the control device can further be set up to control the cutting unit in order to obtain transverse reinforcement elements of a defined length.
  • the control unit can also be set up to control the conveying unit in order to control the conveying of the transverse reinforcement element starting material from the coil to the cutting unit.
  • the length of the transverse reinforcement elements and the throughput of transverse reinforcement elements can be controlled by the size of the transverse reinforcement element starting material and the times at which the transverse reinforcement element starting material is cut by the cutting unit.
  • the length of the transverse reinforcement elements can depend on the height of the printed building material strands, the shape of the design to be printed and any overhangs.
  • a minimum length of the transverse reinforcement elements can be chosen, for example for an overhang of 45 ° up to 60 °.
  • the minimum length of the transverse reinforcement elements can be 10 mm in order to connect approximately exactly two building material strands transversely to each other and to one another.
  • the control device can also be set up to control the number and spacing of the transverse reinforcement elements introduced into the building material.
  • the number and spacing of the transverse reinforcement elements in the building material can be based on statistical and/or static calculations.
  • the number and spacing of the transverse reinforcement elements in the building material can be predefined or calculated by the control unit taking into account the design to be printed and the boundary conditions of the printing process, such as the material properties of the building material used, printing time and/or drying time.
  • transverse reinforcement elements can be introduced at intervals of 5 cm to 15 cm.
  • between two and six transverse reinforcement elements can be introduced or introduced per second.
  • the 3D building material printer also has a longitudinal reinforcement element dispensing device for dispensing longitudinal reinforcement elements, which are embedded in the building material essentially in the longitudinal direction of the building material strands.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically the parts of a 3D building material printer essential to the invention during the printing of building material strands with a print head which has a building material outlet nozzle for the outlet of building material and a transverse reinforcement element dispensing device for dispensing transverse reinforcement elements into the building material.
  • Fig. 2 shows a cutting unit arranged at the building material outlet nozzle for cutting a transverse reinforcement element starting material.
  • Fig. 3 shows the building material outlet nozzle of Fig. 2, whereby the cutting unit is not shown for the sake of better clarity.
  • Fig. 4 shows a partial sectional view of the building material outlet nozzle from Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 5 shows another partial sectional view of the building material outlet nozzle.
  • Fig. 6 shows a partial sectional side view of the building material outlet nozzle from Fig. 5 including the cutting unit.
  • Fig. 7 shows a view of the building material outlet nozzle 3 from Fig. 6 from below.
  • Fig. 8 shows a detailed view of a conveyor unit shown in Fig. 1 for conveying the transverse reinforcement element starting material in the direction of the cutting unit.
  • Fig. 9 shows the building material outlet nozzle of Fig. 3 to 7 without cutting unit and without cross element dispensing device during 3D printing of building material.
  • Fig. 10 shows a building material element formed from individual building material strands that are vertically connected to each other by transverse reinforcement elements.
  • Fig. 11 shows a building material element with transverse reinforcement elements inserted obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the building material strands.
  • Fig. 12 shows schematically an embodiment of the 3D building material printer with a robot arm on which the print head is arranged.
  • Fig. 1 shows a 3D building material printer 1, here a 3D concrete printer, during the 3D printing of building material strands 2, here concrete strands.
  • the 3D building material printer 1 has a building material outlet nozzle 3, here a concrete outlet nozzle, with a building material outlet opening 4 for the outlet of building material 5.
  • the 3D building material printer has a transverse reinforcement element dispensing device 6 (see Fig. 3 in detail).
  • the building material outlet nozzle 3 and the transverse reinforcement element dispensing device 6 together form a print head.
  • the building material outlet nozzle 3 has an initial section 7 which is connected to a building material feed device (not shown) for feeding building material 5.
  • the building material outlet nozzle 3 can be moved in the longitudinal direction 8, during which building material 5 is dispensed in order to obtain a building material strand 2 extending in the longitudinal direction 8.
  • a feed device is provided which, in the embodiment in Fig. 12, is formed by a robot arm 31.
  • the building material strands 2 can be connected transversely to the longitudinal direction 8, i.e. at an angle deviating from the longitudinal direction 8, by means of transverse reinforcement elements 9 (see Fig. 10 for details).
  • a spool 10 with transverse reinforcement element starting material, here a wire 11 made of stainless steel, for example, is provided.
  • the wire 11 is wound onto the spool 10.
  • the wire 11 is unwound from the spool 10 and conveyed further using a conveyor unit 12.
  • the conveyor unit 12 is also designed as a contouring unit with which the transverse reinforcement element starting material, in this case the wire 11, is contoured.
  • the contouring unit has gears 14 which are rolled over the outer surface of the wire 11 in order to convey the wire 11 on the one hand and to contour it on the other hand. Details of the conveyor unit 12 are shown in Fig. 8.
  • the conveyor unit 12 and the contouring unit can alternatively be present separately (not shown).
  • the wire 11 is fed to a cutting unit 15 (see Fig. 2) for cutting the wire 11 into individual elongated transverse reinforcement elements 9, in this case wire pins.
  • the feed device moves the building material outlet nozzle 3 together with the transverse reinforcement element dispensing device 6 in the longitudinal direction 8.
  • building material strands 2 extending in the longitudinal direction 8 can be printed.
  • the building material outlet nozzle 3 can be raised vertically and moved over one or more previously printed lower building material strands 16. This allows an upper building material strand 17 to be printed directly on a lower building material strand 16.
  • a building material element 18 can be printed, which can be, for example, a piece of building material furniture, a finished building material part or another structural building material part.
  • Fig. 2 shows a cutting unit 15 arranged on the building material outlet nozzle 3 for cutting a transverse reinforcement element starting material, in this case the wire 11 from Fig. 1, into individual transverse reinforcement elements 9 on the building material outlet nozzle 3.
  • the cutting unit 15 has a cutting head 19 with a cutting edge.
  • the cutting head 19 can be actuated pneumatically, for example, to cut the wire 11.
  • the building material outlet nozzle 3 has a building material line 20 with the initial section 7, a curved intermediate section 21 and an end section 22 having the building material outlet opening 4.
  • the curved intermediate section 21 and the cutting unit 15 overlap vertically.
  • the cutting unit 15 is arranged above the end section 22 so that the end section 15 with the building material outlet opening 4 overlaps the cutting unit 15 in the horizontal direction. This creates a compact design.
  • the transverse reinforcement element delivery device 6 has a transverse reinforcement element guide 23.
  • the transverse reinforcement element guide 23 enters the curved intermediate section 21 of the building material line 20, so that the Transverse reinforcement elements 9 can be delivered into the exit cross-section of the building material 5 at the building material exit opening 4 (for details see Fig. 4).
  • the 3D building material printer 1 has a control device (not shown) which is designed to control at least the following parameters:
  • the control device of the 3D building material printer 1 is further configured to control the cutting unit 15 in order to obtain transverse reinforcement elements 9 of a defined length.
  • Fig. 3 shows the building material outlet nozzle 3 from Fig. 2 without the cutting unit 15, which is not shown for the sake of clarity.
  • the transverse reinforcement element guide 23 enters the curved intermediate section 21 of the building material line 20 of the building material line 20.
  • a transverse reinforcement element 9 protrudes from the transverse reinforcement element guide 23.
  • the transverse reinforcement element guide 23 has a funnel 24, which simplifies the insertion of transverse reinforcement elements 9 into the transverse reinforcement element guide 23 of the transverse reinforcement element dispensing device 6.
  • a transverse reinforcement element 9 or the wire 11 is pushed from above through the funnel 24 into the transverse reinforcement element guide 23 before a cut has been made in the wire 11 with the cutting unit 15, a transverse reinforcement element 9 located in the transverse reinforcement element guide 23 is pushed downwards and thus pressed into the building material strands 2.
  • the conveyor unit 12 pushes wire 11 into the cutting unit 15.
  • the wire 11 strikes the front side against the transverse reinforcement element 9, whereby a longitudinal force is transferred from the wire 11 to the transverse reinforcement element 9.
  • Fig. 4 shows a partial sectional view of the building material outlet nozzle 3 from Fig. 3.
  • the transverse reinforcement element guide 23 extends into the interior of the building material outlet nozzle 3.
  • the transverse reinforcement element guide 23 passes through a wall 13 of the Building material line 20.
  • the transverse reinforcement elements 9 can be delivered into the exit cross-section of the building material 9 at the building material exit opening 4.
  • a transverse reinforcement element delivery opening 25 is provided at the end of the transverse reinforcement element guide 23 for delivering the transverse reinforcement elements 9 into the building material 5.
  • the transverse reinforcement elements 9 are guided to the transverse reinforcement element delivery opening 25 for delivery into the building material 5 by means of the transverse reinforcement element guide 23.
  • the transverse reinforcement element guide 23 extends within the building material exit nozzle 3 essentially perpendicular to the building material exit opening 4.
  • the transverse reinforcement element guide 23 runs essentially in the flow direction of the building material 5 in the end section 22 of the building material line 20 of the building material outlet nozzle 3.
  • the transverse reinforcement element guide 23 has a straight guide tube 26.
  • a cross-section of the straight guide tube 26 essentially corresponds to a cross-section of the transverse reinforcement elements 9.
  • Two or more transverse elements 9 can follow one another, butt to butt, within the transverse reinforcement element guide 23. If a transverse reinforcement element 9 is pushed into the transverse reinforcement element guide 23, for example by the conveyor unit 12 which pushes wire 11, a transverse reinforcement element 9 is pressed into the building material 5.
  • the transverse reinforcement element guide 23 is arranged coaxially to the end section 22 of the building material outlet nozzle 3. As a result, a center point of the transverse reinforcement element discharge opening 25 coincides with a center point of the building material outlet opening 4. As an alternative to the embodiment shown, the center point of the transverse reinforcement element discharge opening 25 can deviate from the center point of the building material outlet opening 4.
  • Fig. 5 shows a frontal partial sectional view of the building material outlet nozzle 3.
  • the building material line 20 of the building material outlet nozzle 3 has two bent line sections 27 in the intermediate section 21 between the initial section 7 and the end section 22.
  • the initial section 7 forks into the two bent line sections 27.
  • the two bent line sections 27 are brought together again.
  • the flow of liquid building material 5 is divided by means of the two bent line sections 27, since building material 5 can flow in parallel in both line sections 27.
  • the liquid building material 5 from the two bent pipe sections 27 is brought together again and thus flows from two sides onto the transverse reinforcement element guide 23. This can prevent any shading of an area of the building material outlet opening 4 due to the viscosity of the building material 5.
  • the resulting flow of building material 5 within the end section 22 would have a horizontal velocity component. Due to this horizontal velocity component and the direction from which the building material 5 hits the transverse reinforcement element guide 23, shading in the direction of the horizontal velocity component behind the transverse reinforcement element guide 23 can occur. This shading can be prevented by the two bent pipe sections 27. Both bent pipe sections 27 have the same inner diameter.
  • the two curved line sections 27 are arranged opposite one another in relation to the main axis of the end section 22, which coincides with the main axis of the transverse reinforcement element guide 23.
  • the building material outlet nozzle 3 thus has a plane of symmetry in which the main axis of the end section 22 lies and which is normal to the drawing plane of Fig. 5.
  • Fig. 6 shows a partial sectional side view of the building material outlet nozzle 3 from Fig. 5 with a cutting unit 15.
  • the two bent line sections 27 and the cutting unit 15 overlap vertically.
  • the cutting unit 15 is arranged above the end section 22 so that the end section 22 overlaps with the building material outlet opening 4 in the horizontal direction or in a plan view with the cutting unit 15. This means that a compact design is achieved overall.
  • Fig. 7 shows a view of the building material outlet nozzle 3 from Fig. 6 from below.
  • the building material line 20 has the initial section 7, the curved intermediate section 21 with the two curved line sections 27 and the end section 22.
  • the end section 22 has the building material outlet opening 4.
  • the transverse reinforcement element discharge opening 25 of the transverse reinforcement element guide 23 can be seen in the center of the building material outlet opening 4.
  • Fig. 8 shows a detailed view of the conveyor unit 12 from Fig. 1.
  • the conveyor unit 12 is also designed as a contouring unit with which the transverse reinforcement element starting material, in this case the wire 11, is contoured.
  • the wire 11 enters the conveyor unit 12 via a first wire guide 28.
  • the contouring unit has gears 14, between which the wire 11 is clamped. If the gears 14 are rotated accordingly, they are rolled over the outer surface of the wire 11 and thus create a contour in the form of dents on the outer surface of the wire 11.
  • the wire 11 is conveyed at the same time.
  • the wire 11 exits the conveyor unit 12 through a second wire guide 29 and can, for example, be guided further to the cutting unit 15.
  • Fig. 9 shows the building material outlet nozzle 3 from Fig. 2-7 (where the cutting unit 15 and the cross element dispensing device 6 are not shown) during 3D printing.
  • the print head is used to print a plurality of building material strands 2, which can be connected at the end regions 30.
  • building material 5 is also dispensed while the building material outlet nozzle 3 is being raised vertically.
  • the building material outlet nozzle 3 is moved along the longitudinal direction 8 of the building material strands 2.
  • Liquid building material 5 emerges from the building material outlet opening 4 of the building material outlet opening 3 essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 8.
  • an upper building material strand 17 is applied to a lower building material strand 16.
  • a building material element 18 can be formed from a large number of building material strands 2.
  • the transverse reinforcement elements 9 are not visible in Fig. 9.
  • Fig. 10 shows a building material element 18 whose building material strands 2 are vertically connected to one another transversely to the longitudinal direction 8 by transverse reinforcement elements 9.
  • the transverse reinforcement elements 9 connect four building material strands 2 to one another.
  • the transverse reinforcement elements 9 are, for example, stainless steel pins that were produced from the wire 11 by means of the cutting unit 15 (see Fig. 6).
  • Building material 5 is fed into the building material outlet nozzle 3 of the 3D building material printer 1 in a liquid, i.e. not completely hardened, state.
  • Transverse reinforcement elements 9 are fed to the transverse reinforcement element dispensing device 6 of the 3D building material printer 1. Details of the building material outlet nozzle 3 and the transverse reinforcement element dispensing device 6 can be found in Figures 2 to 7.
  • the building material outlet nozzle 3 is moved together with the transverse element dispensing device 6 along a predefined path when printing a building material strand 2 along the longitudinal direction 8.
  • liquid building material 5 is applied along the path in order to print the building material strand 2.
  • the longitudinal direction 8 is essentially normal to the flow direction of the building material 5 at the building material outlet opening 4.
  • the building material outlet nozzle 3 can be tilted so that the flow direction of the building material 5 at the building material outlet opening 4 is oblique, i.e. not vertical, to the longitudinal direction 8.
  • the transverse reinforcement elements 9 are discharged through the transverse reinforcement element discharge opening 25 into building material strands 2 lying one above the other.
  • the main axes of the transverse reinforcement elements 9 are transverse to the main axes of the building material strands 2 made of the building material 5.
  • the transverse reinforcement elements 9 are discharged onto one or more lower building material strands 16 or are pressed through the corresponding building material strands 2.
  • the building material outlet nozzle 3 can be raised vertically together with the transverse element discharge device 6 and a new upper building material strand 17 can be printed.
  • the previously upper building material strand 17 becomes one of the lower building material strands 16.
  • the centers of the transverse reinforcement elements 9 are arranged within the printed building material element 18 along diagonals that are transverse to the longitudinal direction 8 of the building material strands 2. The amount and arrangement of the Transverse reinforcement elements 9 is based on static and statistical calculations.
  • Fig. 11 shows a building material element 18 with transverse reinforcement elements 9 which are transverse but not vertical to the longitudinal direction 8 of the building material strands 2.
  • the building material outlet nozzle 3 is inclined to the longitudinal direction 8, so that the transverse reinforcement elements 9 exit the transverse reinforcement element discharge opening 25 at an angle to the longitudinal direction 8.
  • the building material 5 also exits the building material outlet opening 4 at an angle to the longitudinal direction 8.
  • the building material outlet nozzle 3 can be rotated about a vertical axis together with the transverse element discharge device 6 in order to influence or rotate the direction in which the transverse reinforcement elements 9 enter the building material strands 9 accordingly.
  • the building material outlet nozzle 3 is rotated by 180° about the vertical axis in the end region 30 after an upper building material strand 17 has been printed.
  • the transverse reinforcement elements 9 are present in two different orientations in the building material element 18. In the embodiment shown, the orientation of a delivered transverse reinforcement element 9 depends on whether the upper building material strand 17 is printed from left to right or from right to left during the delivery of the transverse reinforcement element 9.
  • Fig. 12 shows a schematic of a 3D building material printer 1, in which the feed device is formed by a robot arm 31 with six robot axes 32.
  • the coil 9 with the wire 11 is arranged on the robot arm 31.
  • the wire 11 is conveyed from the coil 9 to the cutting unit 15 by means of a conveyor unit 12.
  • transverse reinforcement elements 9 (see Fig. 10) are conveyed into the transverse reinforcement element dispensing device 6. Details of the building material outlet nozzle 3 and the transverse reinforcement element dispensing device 6 can be found in Figures 2 to 7.
  • Liquid building material 5 is fed to the building material outlet nozzle 3 through an invisible line.
  • the 3D building material printer 1 can have a gantry crane or a gantry robot with at least three, preferably with at least six axes, in order to move the building material outlet nozzle 3 with the transverse reinforcement element dispensing

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une imprimante de matériau de construction 3D (1), en particulier une imprimante de béton 3D, pour l'impression 3D de brins de matériau de construction (2), en particulier de brins de béton, et pour relier les brins de matériau de construction (2) par l'intermédiaire d'éléments de renforcement transversal (9), ayant : une buse de sortie de matériau de construction (3) avec une ouverture de sortie de matériau de construction (4) pour la sortie de matériau de construction (5), un appareil de décharge d'élément de renforcement transversal (6) avec une ouverture de décharge d'élément de renforcement transversal (25) pour décharger les éléments de renforcement transversaux (9) dans le matériau de construction (5), et ayant un guide d'élément de renforcement transversal (23) pour guider les éléments de renforcement transversaux (9) vers l'ouverture de décharge d'élément de renforcement transversal (25), un dispositif d'avance pour faire avancer la buse de sortie de matériau de construction (3) et l'appareil de décharge d'élément de renforcement transversal (6) dans une direction longitudinale (8) de telle sorte que des brins de matériau de construction (2) qui s'étendent dans la direction longitudinale (8) peuvent être imprimés à partir du matériau de construction (5) émergeant de la buse de sortie de matériau de construction (3), les brins de matériau de construction pouvant être reliés transversalement à la direction longitudinale (8) par l'intermédiaire des éléments de renforcement transversal (9), le guide d'élément de renforcement transversal (23) s'étendant à l'intérieur de la buse de sortie de matériau de construction (3) de telle sorte que les éléments de renforcement transversaux (9) peuvent être déchargés dans la section transversale de sortie du matériau de construction (5) au niveau de l'ouverture de sortie de matériau de construction (4).
PCT/AT2022/060420 2022-11-30 2022-11-30 Imprimante de matériau de construction 3d pour l'impression 3d de brins de matériau de construction et pour relier les brins de matériau de construction par l'intermédiaire d'éléments de renforcement croisés WO2024112981A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/AT2022/060420 WO2024112981A1 (fr) 2022-11-30 2022-11-30 Imprimante de matériau de construction 3d pour l'impression 3d de brins de matériau de construction et pour relier les brins de matériau de construction par l'intermédiaire d'éléments de renforcement croisés

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/AT2022/060420 WO2024112981A1 (fr) 2022-11-30 2022-11-30 Imprimante de matériau de construction 3d pour l'impression 3d de brins de matériau de construction et pour relier les brins de matériau de construction par l'intermédiaire d'éléments de renforcement croisés

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WO2024112981A1 true WO2024112981A1 (fr) 2024-06-06

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PCT/AT2022/060420 WO2024112981A1 (fr) 2022-11-30 2022-11-30 Imprimante de matériau de construction 3d pour l'impression 3d de brins de matériau de construction et pour relier les brins de matériau de construction par l'intermédiaire d'éléments de renforcement croisés

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Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999067072A1 (fr) 1998-06-24 1999-12-29 Svedberg Bjoern Procede et dispositif permettant d'obtenir une orientation magnetique de fibres en long
CN106738190A (zh) * 2016-11-29 2017-05-31 重庆知德文化传播有限公司 水泥制品3d打印机
DE102017208495A1 (de) 2016-05-20 2017-11-23 Petroceramics S.P.A. Verfahren zum Drucken und Verbundwerkstoff
EP3431172A1 (fr) 2017-06-30 2019-01-23 Baumit Beteiligungen GmbH Buse pour béton, mortier ou analogue ainsi que son utilisation
WO2019202156A1 (fr) 2018-04-20 2019-10-24 Peri Gmbh Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce à partir d'un matériau durcissable et pièce correspondante
DE102018008703A1 (de) 2018-11-06 2020-05-07 IAB - Institut für Angewandte Bauforschung Weimar gemeinnützige GmbH Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Bewehren von in 3D-Betondruck gefertigten Strukturen
WO2020252532A1 (fr) 2019-06-20 2020-12-24 Swinburne University Of Technology Buse d'imprimante, ensemble imprimante et procédé d'impression
CN112847733A (zh) * 2021-02-05 2021-05-28 成都建工赛利混凝土有限公司 一种便于提高3d打印砂浆层间强度的打印头
KR20210130609A (ko) 2020-04-22 2021-11-01 한국건설기술연구원 파형의 중간 스트립 형성과 수직보강재 설치가 가능한 3d 건설구조물 구축용 3d 프린팅 노즐 모듈 및 이를 구비한 3d 프린팅 장치
KR102396630B1 (ko) * 2021-06-22 2022-05-10 삼성엔지니어링 주식회사 보강재 동반 출력형 건설용 3d 프린터 노즐

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999067072A1 (fr) 1998-06-24 1999-12-29 Svedberg Bjoern Procede et dispositif permettant d'obtenir une orientation magnetique de fibres en long
DE102017208495A1 (de) 2016-05-20 2017-11-23 Petroceramics S.P.A. Verfahren zum Drucken und Verbundwerkstoff
CN106738190A (zh) * 2016-11-29 2017-05-31 重庆知德文化传播有限公司 水泥制品3d打印机
EP3431172A1 (fr) 2017-06-30 2019-01-23 Baumit Beteiligungen GmbH Buse pour béton, mortier ou analogue ainsi que son utilisation
WO2019202156A1 (fr) 2018-04-20 2019-10-24 Peri Gmbh Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce à partir d'un matériau durcissable et pièce correspondante
DE102018008703A1 (de) 2018-11-06 2020-05-07 IAB - Institut für Angewandte Bauforschung Weimar gemeinnützige GmbH Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Bewehren von in 3D-Betondruck gefertigten Strukturen
WO2020252532A1 (fr) 2019-06-20 2020-12-24 Swinburne University Of Technology Buse d'imprimante, ensemble imprimante et procédé d'impression
KR20210130609A (ko) 2020-04-22 2021-11-01 한국건설기술연구원 파형의 중간 스트립 형성과 수직보강재 설치가 가능한 3d 건설구조물 구축용 3d 프린팅 노즐 모듈 및 이를 구비한 3d 프린팅 장치
CN112847733A (zh) * 2021-02-05 2021-05-28 成都建工赛利混凝土有限公司 一种便于提高3d打印砂浆层间强度的打印头
KR102396630B1 (ko) * 2021-06-22 2022-05-10 삼성엔지니어링 주식회사 보강재 동반 출력형 건설용 3d 프린터 노즐

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