WO2024109577A1 - 电机及车辆用动力系统 - Google Patents

电机及车辆用动力系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024109577A1
WO2024109577A1 PCT/CN2023/131224 CN2023131224W WO2024109577A1 WO 2024109577 A1 WO2024109577 A1 WO 2024109577A1 CN 2023131224 W CN2023131224 W CN 2023131224W WO 2024109577 A1 WO2024109577 A1 WO 2024109577A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
main body
sealing ring
motor
iron core
axial
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/131224
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
裘华潮
Original Assignee
舍弗勒技术股份两合公司
裘华潮
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司, 裘华潮 filed Critical 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司
Publication of WO2024109577A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024109577A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/16—Stator cores with slots for windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/20—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/24—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors with channels or ducts for cooling medium between the conductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/19—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of electric motors, and in particular to an electric motor with a cooling structure and a vehicle power system including the electric motor.
  • the motor cooling structure is designed to be in close contact with the outer peripheral surface of the stator core, and the cooling fluid (such as cooling water) flowing in the motor cooling structure can remove heat from the stator core to achieve cooling.
  • the motor cooling structure is designed to have a nozzle to spray the cooling fluid (such as cooling oil) directly onto the stator to remove heat.
  • the cooling fluid indirectly cools the stator core.
  • the cooling effect of this cooling structure on the stator core is sometimes not sufficient, and the cooling effect on the stator winding that is not in contact with the motor cooling structure is even less than ideal.
  • a nozzle is usually used to spray cooling fluid on the two ends of the stator winding extending from the stator core, thereby directly cooling the two ends of the stator winding.
  • This application is made in view of the state of the prior art.
  • One object of this application is to provide a motor whose cooling structure can fully and effectively cool the stator, thereby reducing the adverse effects of excessive stator temperature on the motor performance during operation.
  • Another object of this application is to provide a vehicle power system including the above motor.
  • the present application may adopt the following technical solutions.
  • the present application provides a motor as follows, comprising:
  • a housing comprising a main body and a cover, wherein the main body has a cylindrical shape, and the cover is fixed to the main body and closes an axial opening of the main body;
  • An iron core which is located in the housing and fixed to the housing, and has a plurality of mounting holes spaced apart and distributed in the circumferential direction of the motor;
  • a winding mounted in the mounting hole and including a protruding portion extending from the iron core in the axial direction of the motor;
  • a sealing ring is located in the housing, with the axial side end edges of the sealing ring respectively abutting against the iron core and the cover, and the outer peripheral edge of the sealing ring abutting against the main body, so that the sealing ring, the main body and the iron core surround to form a space connected to the mounting hole, the space extends continuously along the circumference over the entire circumference, and the protruding portion is received in the space.
  • the sealing ring includes a first sealing ring and a second sealing ring.
  • the first sealing ring is located on one axial side of the iron core, and the first sealing ring, the main body and the iron core surround to form the space located on one axial side.
  • the second sealing ring is located at the other axial side of the iron core, and the second sealing ring, the main body and the iron core surround to form the space located at the other axial side.
  • the space located on one axial side is communicated with the space located on the other axial side via the mounting hole.
  • the main body is formed with an inlet and an outlet, the inlet is communicated with the space located on one axial side, and the outlet is communicated with the space located on the other axial side.
  • the inlet is formed at the lowest part of the main body in the vertical direction, and the outlet is formed at the highest part of the main body in the vertical direction.
  • the iron core is also formed with a plurality of passages, the plurality of passages are arranged spaced apart from the plurality of mounting holes, the plurality of passages are distributed spaced apart in the circumferential direction, and the space located on one axial side is also connected with the space located on the other axial side via the plurality of passages.
  • a sealing groove is formed on the outer periphery of the sealing ring, and the sealing groove is open toward the main body.
  • the motor further comprises a sealing ring, which is made of an elastic material and is received in the sealing groove, and is used to achieve sealing between the sealing ring and the main body.
  • the sealing ring includes an axial part and a radial part fixed to each other, the axial part extends along the axial direction, one end edge of the axial part abuts the iron core, and the radial part extends radially outward from the other end edge of the axial part, and the radial part abuts the cover.
  • the radial portion includes a plurality of abutting portions, the plurality of abutting portions are spaced apart in a radial direction of the motor, and the plurality of abutting portions protrude toward the cover to abut against the cover.
  • the radial portion includes a first thick-walled portion, a thin-walled portion and a second thick-walled portion, the thickness of the first thick-walled portion is greater than the thickness of the thin-walled portion, the thickness of the second thick-walled portion is greater than the thickness of the thin-walled portion, the first thick-walled portion and the second thick-walled portion are located at both ends of the thin-walled portion, and the first thick-walled portion and the second thick-walled portion are used as the abutment portion.
  • the present application provides a vehicle power system as follows, comprising the motor described in any one of the above technical solutions.
  • the present application provides a motor and a vehicle power system including the motor.
  • a stator is accommodated in a housing composed of a main body and a cover, and the stator includes an iron core and a winding assembled together.
  • the motor also includes a sealing ring, the two axial ends of the sealing ring respectively abut against the iron core and the cover and the outer peripheral edge of the sealing ring abuts against the main body, whereby the sealing ring is limited by the iron core and the cover in the axial direction of the motor and by the main body in the radial direction.
  • the sealing ring surrounds the main body and the iron core to form a space connected to the mounting hole of the iron core for mounting the winding, and the space extends continuously along the circumference of the motor over the entire circumference, whereby the protruding portion of the winding extending from the iron core is accommodated in the space.
  • the sealing ring achieves a stable structural fit with the main body and the iron core, so that a space for accommodating the protruding part of the winding is formed between the sealing ring, the main body and the iron core.
  • a cooling fluid such as cooling oil
  • the cooling fluid can also flow from the space through the part of the winding located in the mounting hole.
  • the cooling fluid can not only directly cool the entire winding, but also directly cool the iron core. Therefore, the cooling structure of the motor of the present application can fully and effectively cool the stator, reducing the adverse effects on the motor performance caused by the excessively high stator temperature during the operation of the motor.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of a motor according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a partial structure of the motor in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a partial structure of an assembly of an iron core and a winding of the motor in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a core of the motor in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a partial structure of the core in FIG. 4 .
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a partial structure of a first sealing ring of the motor in FIG. 1 , wherein The dotted line indicates the boundary between the axial part and the radial part.
  • axial, radial and circumferential refer to the axial, radial and circumferential directions of the motor, respectively.
  • One axial side refers to the right side in Figure 1
  • the other axial side refers to the left side in Figure 1
  • radially outer side refers to the side radially away from the central axis of the motor
  • radially inner side refers to the side radially close to the central axis of the motor.
  • the motor according to the present application includes a housing, a stator and a rotor, wherein the stator and the rotor are coaxially arranged and are basically located in the space surrounded by the housing.
  • the stator is fixed to the housing.
  • the rotor is located radially inside the stator and can rotate relative to the stator, and there is an air gap between the rotor and the stator and can be connected to the transmission mechanism via the rotor shaft.
  • the motor is provided with a cooling structure for cooling the stator, in which cooling oil is used as a cooling fluid to cool the iron core and winding of the stator. Therefore, the motor according to the present application can be an oil-cooled motor.
  • the motor includes a housing 1, an iron core 2, a winding 3, two sealing rings (a first sealing ring 4a and a second sealing ring 4b) and two sealing rings (a first sealing ring 5a and a second sealing ring 5b) assembled together, wherein the iron core 2 and the winding 3 constitute a stator.
  • the housing 1 includes a main body 11, a first cover 12a and a second cover 12b assembled together.
  • the main body 11 has a cylindrical shape, and a through hole is formed in the main body 11 that penetrates in the axial direction A, and the through hole has openings that are open to both sides of the axial direction.
  • the first cover 12a The first cover 12a can be detachably fixed to the main body 11 by a mechanical connection such as bolt connection, and the first cover 12a closes the opening on one axial side of the main body 11, and a sealing ring for sealing is provided between the first cover 12a and the main body 11.
  • the second cover 12b can be detachably fixed to the main body 11 by a mechanical connection such as bolt connection, and the second cover 12b closes the opening on the other axial side of the main body 11, and a sealing ring for sealing is provided between the second cover 12b and the main body 11.
  • a mechanical connection such as bolt connection
  • the second cover 12b closes the opening on the other axial side of the main body 11, and a sealing ring for sealing is provided between the second cover 12b and the main body 11.
  • the housing space inside the housing 1 is formed by the main body 11, the first cover 12a and the second cover 12b, and other components are basically accommodated in the housing space.
  • the iron core 2 is located in the housing 1 and fixed to the housing 1.
  • the iron core 2 may be composed of a plurality of silicon steel sheets stacked together in the axial direction A, and the thickness of each silicon steel sheet may be, for example, 0.25 mm to 0.5 mm and may be formed by stamping.
  • the iron core 2 as a whole has a cylindrical structure and the iron core 2 may be fixed to the main body 11 of the housing 1 by an interference fit. In this way, the outer circumference of the iron core 2 is in close contact with the inner circumference of the main body 11.
  • the core 2 is formed with a plurality of mounting holes 2h1 and a plurality of passages 2h2, wherein the plurality of mounting holes 2h1 are used for inserting and installing the winding 3, and the plurality of passages 2h2 are mainly used to make the spaces on both sides of the axial direction of the core 2 communicate, so that the cooling fluid can flow between the spaces on both sides of the axial direction of the core 2 mainly through the plurality of passages 2h.
  • the plurality of mounting holes 2h1 are located at the same position of the core 2 in the radial direction R, and the plurality of mounting holes 2h1 are evenly distributed at intervals in the circumferential direction C.
  • Each mounting hole 2h1 extends linearly along the axial direction A and is only open at the end faces on both sides of the axial direction of the core 2, and each mounting hole 2h1 is closed in the radial direction R and the circumferential direction C.
  • the plurality of passages 2h2 are separated from the plurality of mounting holes 2h1, and the plurality of passages 2h2 can be located at the same position of the core 2 in the radial direction R and at the radial outer side of the plurality of mounting holes 2h1, and the plurality of passages 2h2 are evenly distributed at intervals in the circumferential direction C.
  • Each passage 2h2 extends linearly along the axial direction A and is open only at the two axial end faces of the core 2, and each passage 2h2 is closed in the radial direction R and the circumferential direction C. It can be understood that the arrangement of the passages 2h2 is only exemplary and not restrictive. For example, multiple passages can also be arranged at different positions on the radial direction R of the core 2.
  • the winding 3 can be formed by connecting the hairpin windings together. As shown in Figures 1 to 3, the central part of the winding 3 is inserted into the mounting hole 2h1 mounted on the iron core 2, and the central part of the winding 3 is divided into four layers in each mounting hole 2h1 (see Figure 3), and each layer may include a wire conductor with a rectangular cross-section. In each mounting hole 2h1, there are gaps between adjacent wire conductors and between the wire conductors and the iron core 2, and these gaps make the mounting hole 2h1 pass through in the axial direction A for the cooling fluid.
  • the ends of the winding 3 located on both sides of the axial direction of its central part extend from the iron core 2 in the axial direction A, so that the winding 3 includes a first protruding portion 31 located on one side of the axial direction and a second protruding portion 32 located on the other side of the axial direction.
  • the first sealing ring 4a and the second sealing ring 4b can be made of insulating materials. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the first sealing ring 4a and the second sealing ring 4b are both located in the housing 1 and fixed to the housing 1. The two axial ends of the first sealing ring 4a respectively abut against the axial end face of the core 2 and the first cover 12a, and the outer peripheral edge of the first sealing ring 4a abuts against the inner peripheral surface of the main body 11, so that the first sealing ring 4a, the main body 11 and the core 2 surround and form a first space connected to the mounting hole 2h1.
  • the first space extends continuously along the circumferential direction C over the entire circumference, and the first protruding portion 31 of the winding 3 is accommodated in the first space.
  • the two axial ends of the second sealing ring 4b respectively abut against the axial end face of the core 2 and the second cover 12b, and the outer peripheral edge of the second sealing ring 4b abuts against the inner peripheral surface of the main body 11, so that the second sealing ring 4b, the main body 11 and the core 2 surround and form a second space connected to the mounting hole 2h1.
  • the second space extends continuously along the entire circumference in the circumferential direction C, and the second extension portion 32 of the winding 3 is accommodated in the second space.
  • first space and the second space located on both sides of the axial direction of the core 2 can be connected via the plurality of mounting holes 2h1 and the plurality of passages 2h2, so that the cooling fluid can flow in the first space, the second space, the plurality of mounting holes 2h1 and the plurality of passages 2h2.
  • first sealing ring 4a and the second sealing ring 4b may have the same structure.
  • the structure of the sealing ring is described below by taking the first sealing ring 4a as an example.
  • the first sealing ring 4a is formed in an annular shape as a whole.
  • the first sealing ring 4a includes an axial portion 41 and a Radial portion 42.
  • the axial portion 41 extends along the axial direction A, and the other axial end edge of the axial portion 41 abuts against the axial end face of one side of the core 2.
  • the radial portion 42 extends radially outward along the radial direction R from the axial end edge of one side of the axial portion 41.
  • the radial portion 42 includes a first thick-walled portion 421, a thin-walled portion 422, and a second thick-walled portion 423 in the radial direction R.
  • the thickness of the first thick-walled portion 421 (the dimension in the axial direction A) is greater than the thickness of the thin-walled portion 422, the thickness of the second thick-walled portion 423 is greater than the thickness of the thin-walled portion 422, and the thickness of the first thick-walled portion 421 may be equal to the thickness of the second thick-walled portion 423.
  • the first thick-walled portion 421 is located at the radially inner end of the thin-walled portion 422, and the second thick-walled portion 423 is located at the radially outer end of the thin-walled portion 422.
  • the first thick wall portion 421 and the second thick wall portion 423 are used as the abutment portion of the radial portion 42 against the first cover 12a in the axial direction A, so that the axial end faces of the first thick wall portion 421 and the second thick wall portion 423 abut against the first cover 12a.
  • the outer peripheral portion of the radial portion 42 is formed with a sealing groove 42c, and the sealing groove 42c is open toward the main body 11 of the housing 1.
  • the first sealing ring 5a is made of an elastic material such as rubber and is received in the sealing groove 42c, and is used to achieve sealing between the first sealing ring 4a and the main body 11.
  • the second sealing ring 4b has a symmetrical structure with the first sealing ring 4a, and the second sealing ring 5b is made of an elastic material such as rubber and is received in the sealing groove 42c of the second sealing ring 4b, and is used to achieve sealing between the second sealing ring 4b and the main body 11. Further, both the first sealing ring 4a and the second sealing ring 4b can be fixedly installed on the housing 1 by the interference fit between the radial portion 42 and the main body 11 of the housing 1.
  • the first cover 12a and the main body 11 limit the first sealing ring 4a
  • the second cover 12b and the main body 11 limit the second sealing ring 4b
  • the main body 11 limits the first sealing ring 4a and the second sealing ring 4b in the radial direction R, thereby enabling the first sealing ring 4a and the second sealing ring 4b to be reliably and stably installed in place.
  • first sealing ring 4a and the second sealing ring 4b are both provided with a thin-walled portion 422, the mass of the sealing rings 4a and 4b can be reduced, and the thick-walled portions 421 and 423 spaced apart in the radial direction R are used as abutment portions, which can improve the reliability and stability of the installation of the first sealing ring 4a and the second sealing ring 4b.
  • the main body 11 of the housing 1 is formed with an inlet 11i and an outlet 11o.
  • the inlet 11i is connected to the space located on one side of the axial direction, and the outlet 11o is connected to the space located on the other side of the axial direction.
  • the inlet 11i can be formed at the lowest part of the main body 11 in the vertical direction, and the outlet 11o is formed at the highest part of the main body 11 in the vertical direction.
  • the cooling fluid entering the first space through the inlet 11i is conducive to filling the first space and the second space as well as the multiple mounting holes 2h1 and the multiple passages 2h2 connecting the two spaces.
  • the motor utilizes the above-mentioned inlet 11i, the first space, the multiple mounting holes 2h1, the multiple passages 2h2, the second space and the outlet 11o to form a cooling flow path for the cooling fluid to flow through to cool the stator.
  • the first extension portion 31 of the winding 3 is always located in the first space, the first extension portion 31 of the winding 3 can be immersed in the cooling fluid in the first space, and the cooling fluid can directly cool the first extension portion 31 of the winding 3.
  • the second extension portion 32 of the winding 3 is always located in the second space, the second extension portion 32 of the winding 3 can be immersed in the cooling fluid in the second space, and the cooling fluid can directly cool the second extension portion 32 of the winding 3.
  • the cooling fluid also flows through a plurality of mounting holes 2h1, so the cooling fluid can directly cool the central portion of the winding 3.
  • the cooling fluid not only flows through a plurality of mounting holes 2h1 but also flows through a plurality of passages 2h2, so the cooling fluid can directly cool the iron core 2.
  • the cooling structure of the motor can fully and effectively cool the stator of the motor, thereby reducing the adverse effects on the performance of the motor caused by excessively high stator temperature during the operation of the motor.
  • a vehicle power system which may be an electric bridge drive system or a hybrid power system.
  • the vehicle power system according to the present application may include a transmission mechanism such as a transmission in addition to the motor of the present application, and the motor is connected to the input shaft of the transmission to achieve bidirectional torque transmission.
  • an oil supply system connected to the inlet 11i may be provided on the outside of the motor housing 1, and the oil supply system may include a pump and an oil circuit (oil pipe), etc., so that cooling oil as a cooling fluid can be supplied by the oil supply system; in addition, the outlet 11o may also be connected to the transmission, so that the cooling fluid after cooling the stator can return to the transmission housing.
  • a space for the extended part of the winding 3 to be immersed in the cooling fluid can be formed only on one axial side of the core 2, and the inlet 11i is arranged at the top of the space, which can also achieve effective cooling of the stator.
  • the radial portion 42 of the sealing ring 4a, 4b of the present application may include more than two abutment portions, and these abutment portions may be spaced apart in the radial direction R of the motor. These abutment portions protrude toward the covers 12a, 12b to abut against the covers 12a, 12b of the housing 1 of the motor.
  • the sealing ring 4a, 4b of the present application has a simple structure and is easy to install.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)

Abstract

一种电机，包括：壳体（1），其包括主体部（11）和盖（12a、12b）；铁芯（2），其与壳体（1）固定且具有多个安装孔（2h1）；绕组（3），其安装于安装孔（2h1）且包括伸出部分（31、32）；以及密封环（4a、4b），其位于壳体（1）内，密封环（4a、4b）的轴向两侧端缘分别抵靠铁芯（2）和盖（12a、12b），且外周缘抵靠主体部（11），密封环（4a、4b）与主体部（11）和铁芯（2）包围形成与安装孔（2h1）连通的空间，空间沿着周向（C）在整周上连续地延伸，伸出部分（31、32）收纳于空间内。这样，冷却流体对定子进行充分有效的冷却，降低了电机在工作过程中由于定子温度过高对电机性能造成的不良影响。还提供了包括上述电机的车辆用动力系统。

Description

电机及车辆用动力系统
相关申请的引用
本申请要求于2022年11月23日提交中国专利局、申请号为202211477090.4、申请名称为“电机及车辆用动力系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用合并于此。
技术领域
本申请涉及电机领域，且特别地涉及一种具有冷却结构的电机及包括该电机的车辆用动力系统。
背景技术
现今，常常使用电机用作输出扭矩的动力源，电机的冷却对于电机输出指定的扭矩非常重要。在现有技术的一种电机冷却结构中，电机冷却结构被设计成与定子铁芯的外周面紧密接触，在该电机冷却结构中流动的冷却流体(例如冷却水)能够从定子铁芯带走热量来实现冷却。在现有技术的另一种电机冷却结构中，电机冷却结构被设计成具有喷嘴，以将冷却流体(例如冷却油)直接喷射到定子上以带走热量。
但是，在以上说明的一种电机冷却结构中，冷却流体对定子铁芯实现间接冷却。这种冷却结构对定子铁芯的冷却效果有时不够充分，而且对于与电机冷却结构不接触的定子绕组的冷却效果更不够理想。在以上说明的另一种电机冷却结构中，通常利用喷嘴对定子绕组从定子铁芯伸出的两端部喷射冷却流体，从而对定子绕组的两端部进行直接冷却。这种冷却结构虽然能够相对前一种改善了冷却效果，但是对电机定子的冷却效果仍然不够充分。
发明内容
鉴于上述现有技术的状态而做出本申请。本申请的一个目的在于提供一种电机，其冷却结构能够对定子进行充分有效的冷却，降低电机在工作过程中由于定子温度过高对电机性能造成的不良影响。本申请的另一个目的在于提供一种包括上述电机的车辆用动力系统。
为了实现上述目的，本申请可以采用如下的技术方案。
本申请提供了一种如下的电机，包括：
壳体，其包括主体部和盖，所述主体部具有圆筒形状，所述盖固定于所述主体部且封闭所述主体部的轴向开口；
铁芯，其位于所述壳体内且与所述壳体固定，所述铁芯具有在所述电机的周向上间隔开分布的多个安装孔；
绕组，其安装于所述安装孔且包括在所述电机的轴向上从所述铁芯伸出的伸出部分；以及
密封环，其位于所述壳体内，所述密封环的轴向两侧端缘分别抵靠所述铁芯和所述盖，且所述密封环的外周缘抵靠所述主体部，使得所述密封环与所述主体部和所述铁芯包围形成与所述安装孔连通的空间，所述空间沿着所述周向在整周上连续地延伸，所述伸出部分收纳于所述空间内。
在一种可选的方案中，所述密封环包括第一密封环和第二密封环，
所述第一密封环位于所述铁芯的轴向一侧，所述第一密封环与所述主体部和所述铁芯包围形成位于轴向一侧的所述空间，
所述第二密封环位于所述铁芯的轴向另一侧，所述第二密封环与所述主体部和所述铁芯包围形成位于轴向另一侧的所述空间，
位于轴向一侧的所述空间与位于轴向另一侧的所述空间经由所述安装孔连通。
在另一种可选的方案中，所述主体部形成有入口和出口，所述入口与位于轴向一侧的所述空间连通，所述出口与位于轴向另一侧的所述空间连通。
在另一种可选的方案中，在所述轴向与水平面平行的情况下，所述入口形成于所述主体部的在竖直方向上的最下方部分，所述出口形成于所述主体部的在竖直方向上的最上方部分。
在另一种可选的方案中，所述铁芯还形成有多个通路，所述多个通路与所述多个安装孔间隔开布置，所述多个通路在所述周向上间隔开地分布，位于轴向一侧的所述空间与位于轴向另一侧的所述空间还经由所述多个通路连通。
在另一种可选的方案中，所述密封环的外周部形成有密封槽，所述密封槽朝向所述主体部开放，
所述电机还包括密封圈，所述密封圈由弹性材料制成且收纳于所述密封槽内，用于使所述密封环与所述主体部之间实现密封。
在另一种可选的方案中，所述密封环包括彼此固定的轴向部分和径向部分，所述轴向部分沿着所述轴向延伸，所述轴向部分的一端缘抵靠所述铁芯，所述径向部分从所述轴向部分的另一端缘朝向径向外侧延伸，所述径向部分抵靠所述盖。
在另一种可选的方案中，所述径向部分包括多个抵靠部，所述多个抵靠部在所述电机的径向上间隔开，所述多个抵靠部朝向所述盖凸出，以抵靠所述盖。
在另一种可选的方案中，所述径向部分包括第一厚壁部、薄壁部和第二厚壁部，所述第一厚壁部的厚度大于所述薄壁部的厚度，所述第二厚壁部的厚度大于所述薄壁部的厚度，所述第一厚壁部和所述第二厚壁部位于所述薄壁部的两端，所述第一厚壁部和所述第二厚壁部用作所述抵靠部。
本申请提供了一种如下的车辆用动力系统，包括以上技术方案中任意一项技术方案所述的电机。
通过采用上述技术方案，本申请提供了一种电机及包括该电机的车辆用动力系统。在本申请的电机中，在由主体部和盖构成的壳体内收纳定子，定子包括组装在一起的铁芯和绕组。进一步地，电机还包括密封环，密封环轴向两端缘分别抵靠铁芯和盖且密封环的外周缘抵靠主体部，由此密封环在电机的轴向上被铁芯和盖限位且在径向上被主体部限位。这样，密封环与主体部和铁芯包围形成与铁芯的用于安装绕组的安装孔连通的空间，空间沿着电机的周向在整周上连续地延伸，由此绕组从铁芯伸出的伸出部分收纳于空间内。
这样，密封环与主体部和铁芯实现稳定的结构配合，从而在密封环与主体部和铁芯之间包围形成收纳绕组的伸出部分的空间。在该空间填充例如冷却油的冷却流体之后，不仅绕组的伸出部分能够浸入冷却流体内，而且冷却流体还能够从该空间流经绕组位于安装孔内的部分。这样，冷却流体不仅能够对整个绕组进行直接冷却，而且还能够对铁芯进行直接冷却。由此，本申请的电机的冷却结构能够对定子进行充分有效的冷却，降低了电机在工作过程中由于定子温度过高对电机性能造成的不良影响。
附图说明
图1是示出了根据本申请的一实施例的电机的结构的剖视示意图。
图2是示出了图1中的电机的局部结构的剖视示意图。
图3是示出了图1中的电机的铁芯和绕组两者的组装体的局部结构示意图。
图4是示出了图1中的电机的铁芯的结构的示意图。
图5是示出了图4中的铁芯的局部结构的示意图。
图6是示出了图1中的电机的第一密封环的局部结构的剖视示意图，其中 虚线表示轴向部分和径向部分的分界位置。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图描述本申请的示例性实施方式。应当理解，这些具体的说明仅用于示教本领域技术人员如何实施本申请，而不用于穷举本申请的所有可行的方式，也不用于限制本申请的范围。
在本申请中，如无其它特殊说明，“轴向”、“径向”和“周向”分别是指电机的轴向、径向和周向。“轴向一侧”是指图1中的右侧，“轴向另一侧”是指图1中的左侧，“径向外侧”是指沿着径向远离电机的中心轴线的那侧，“径向内侧”是指沿着径向接近电机的中心轴线的那侧。
根据本申请的电机包括壳体、定子和转子，定子和转子以同轴的方式配置且基本位于壳体所包围的空间内。定子与壳体固定在一起。转子位于定子的径向内侧且能够相对于定子转动，转子与定子之间具有气隙且能够经由转子轴与传动机构相连。该电机设置有用于冷却定子的冷却结构，在该冷却结构中利用例如冷却油作为冷却流体对定子的铁芯和绕组进行冷却。因此，根据本申请的电机可以是油冷电机。
以下将结合说明书附图进一步说明根据本申请的一实施例的电机的具体结构，尤其是说明用于冷却定子的冷却结构。
如图1和图2所示，根据本申请的一实施例的电机包括组装在一起的壳体1、铁芯2、绕组3、两个密封环(第一密封环4a和第二密封环4b)以及两个密封圈(第一密封圈5a和第二密封圈5b)，其中铁芯2和绕组3构成定子。
在本实施例中，如图1和图2所示，壳体1包括组装在一起的主体部11、第一盖12a和第二盖12b。具体地，主体部11具有圆筒形状，主体部11形成有在轴向A上贯通的通孔，该通孔具有朝向轴向两侧开放的开口。第一盖12a 可以通过螺栓连接等机械连接方式可拆卸地固定于主体部11，第一盖12a封闭主体部11的轴向一侧的开口，并且在第一盖12a和主体部11之间设置有用于密封的密封圈。第二盖12b可以通过螺栓连接等机械连接方式可拆卸地固定于主体部11，第二盖12b封闭主体部11的轴向另一侧的开口，并且在第二盖12b和主体部11之间设置有用于密封的密封圈。这样，通过主体部11、第一盖12a和第二盖12b包围形成了壳体1内部的容纳空间，其它部件基本上都容纳在该容纳空间内。
在本实施例中，如图1至图2所示，铁芯2位于壳体1内且与壳体1固定。铁芯2可以由多个硅钢片在轴向A上层叠在一起构成，每个硅钢片的厚度可以为例如0.25mm至0.5mm且可以通过冲压形成。如图1至图5所示，铁芯2整体具有圆筒结构并且铁芯2可以与壳体1的主体部11通过过盈配合固定在一起。这样，铁芯2的外周面与主体部11的内周面紧密地接触。
进一步地，如图1至图5所示，铁芯2形成有多个安装孔2h1和多个通路2h2，多个安装孔2h1用于供绕组3插入安装，多个通路2h2主要用于使得位于铁芯2的轴向两侧的空间连通，由此冷却流体能够主要通过多个通路2h在铁芯2的轴向两侧的空间之间流动。多个安装孔2h1位于铁芯2的在径向R上的相同部位，多个安装孔2h1在周向C上间隔开地均匀分布。每个安装孔2h1沿着轴向A直线状地延伸且仅在铁芯2的轴向两侧端面处开放，每个安装孔2h1在径向R和周向C上都是封闭的。多个通路2h2与多个安装孔2h1分隔开，多个通路2h2可以位于铁芯2的在径向R上的相同部位且位于多个安装孔2h1的径向外侧，多个通路2h2在周向C上间隔开地均匀分布。每个通路2h2沿着轴向A直线状地延伸且仅在铁芯2的轴向两端面处开放，每个通路2h2在径向R和周向C上都是封闭的。可以理解，上述通路2h2的布置方式仅是示例性的，而非限制性的。例如，还可以在铁芯2的径向R上的不同部位设置多个通路。
在本实施例中，可以通过使发卡式绕组连接在一起构成绕组3。如图1至图3所示，绕组3的中央部分插入安装于铁芯2的安装孔2h1中，绕组3的中央部分在每个安装孔2h1中分成四层(参见图3)，每层可以包括一个具有矩形截面的线导体。在每个安装孔2h1中，相邻的线导体之间以及线导体与铁芯2之间存在间隙，这些间隙使得安装孔2h1对于冷却流体来说在轴向A上是贯通的。绕组3的位于其中央部分的轴向两侧的端部在轴向A上从铁芯2伸出，由此绕组3包括位于轴向一侧的第一伸出部分31和位于轴向另一侧的第二伸出部分32。
在本实施例中，第一密封环4a和第二密封环4b可以由绝缘材料制成。如图1和图2所示，第一密封环4a和第二密封环4b均位于壳体1内并且固定于壳体1。第一密封环4a的轴向两端缘分别抵靠铁芯2的轴向一侧端面和第一盖12a且第一密封环4a的外周缘抵靠主体部11的内周面，使得第一密封环4a与主体部11和铁芯2包围形成与安装孔2h1连通的第一空间。第一空间沿着周向C在整周上连续地延伸，绕组3的第一伸出部分31收纳于第一空间内。第二密封环4b的轴向两端缘分别抵靠铁芯2的轴向另一侧端面和第二盖12b且第二密封环4b的外周缘抵靠主体部11的内周面，使得第二密封环4b与主体部11和铁芯2包围形成与安装孔2h1连通的第二空间。第二空间沿着周向C在整周上连续地延伸，绕组3的第二伸出部分32收纳于第二空间内。这样，位于铁芯2的轴向两侧的第一空间和第二空间可以经由多个安装孔2h1和多个通路2h2连通，使得冷却流体能够在第一空间、第二空间、多个安装孔2h1和多个通路2h2中流动。
进一步地，第一密封环4a和第二密封环4b可以具有相同的结构。下面仅以第一密封环4a为例来说明密封环的结构。第一密封环4a整体形成为环形形状，如图1、图2和图6所示，第一密封环4a包括形成为一体的轴向部分41和 径向部分42。轴向部分41沿着轴向A延伸，轴向部分41的轴向另一侧端缘抵靠铁芯2的轴向一侧端面。径向部分42从轴向部分41的轴向一侧端缘沿着径向R朝向径向外侧延伸。进一步地，如图2和图6所示，径向部分42在径向R上包括第一厚壁部421、薄壁部422和第二厚壁部423。第一厚壁部421的厚度(在轴向A上的尺寸)大于薄壁部422的厚度，第二厚壁部423的厚度大于薄壁部422的厚度，第一厚壁部421的厚度可以等于第二厚壁部423的厚度。第一厚壁部421位于薄壁部422的径向内侧端，第二厚壁部423位于薄壁部422的径向外侧端。第一厚壁部421和第二厚壁部423用作径向部分42在轴向A上抵靠第一盖12a的抵靠部，这样第一厚壁部421和第二厚壁部423的轴向一侧端面抵靠第一盖12a。径向部分42的外周部形成有密封槽42c，密封槽42c朝向壳体1的主体部11开放。第一密封圈5a由例如橡胶的弹性材料制成且收纳于密封槽42c内，用于使第一密封环4a与主体部11之间实现密封。第二密封环4b具有与第一密封环4a对称的结构，第二密封圈5b由例如橡胶的弹性材料制成且收纳于第二密封环4b的密封槽42c内，用于使第二密封环4b与主体部11之间实现密封。进一步地，第一密封环4a和第二密封环4b两者均可以通过径向部分42与壳体1的主体部11的过盈配合来固定安装于壳体1。
这样，在轴向A上，第一盖12a和主体部11对第一密封环4a进行限位，第二盖12b和主体部11对第二密封环4b进行限位，主体部11在径向R上对第一密封环4a和第二密封环4b进行限位，由此能够使得第一密封环4a和第二密封环4b被可靠且稳定地安装到位。进一步地，由于第一密封环4a和第二密封环4b均设置有薄壁部422，因此能够降低密封环4a、4b的质量，而在径向R上间隔开的厚壁部421、423用作抵靠部，能够提高第一密封环4a和第二密封环4b安装的可靠性和稳定性。
此外，如图1所示，壳体1的主体部11形成有入口11i和出口11o，入口11i 与位于轴向一侧的空间连通，出口11o与位于轴向另一侧的空间连通。在轴向A与水平面平行的情况下，入口11i可以形成于主体部11的在竖直方向上的最下方部分，出口11o形成于主体部11的在竖直方向上的最上方部分。这样，有利于经由入口11i进入第一空间内的冷却流体充满第一空间和第二空间以及连接这两个空间的多个安装孔2h1和多个通路2h2。由此，根据本申请的一实施例的电机利用上述入口11i、第一空间、多个安装孔2h1、多个通路2h2、第二空间以及出口11o构成了供冷却流体流经以冷却定子的冷却流路。
进一步地，由于绕组3的第一伸出部分31始终位于第一空间内，因此绕组3的第一伸出部分31可以浸入第一空间内的冷却流体中，冷却流体能够对绕组3的第一伸出部分31进行直接冷却。由于绕组3的第二伸出部分32始终位于第二空间内，因此绕组3的第二伸出部分32可以浸入第二空间内的冷却流体中，冷却流体能够对绕组3的第二伸出部分32进行直接冷却。此外，冷却流体还流经多个安装孔2h1，因此冷却流体能够对绕组3的中央部分进行直接冷却。进一步地，冷却流体不仅流经多个安装孔2h1还流经多个通路2h2，因此冷却流体能够对铁芯2进行直接冷却。由此，电机的冷却结构能够对电机的定子进行充分有效地冷却，进而降低在电机工作过程中由于定子温度过高对电机的性能产生的不利影响。
应当理解，上述实施例仅是示例性的，不用于限制本申请。本领域技术人员可以在本申请的教导下对上述实施例做出各种变型和改变，而不脱离本申请的范围。以下对本申请的技术方案进行补充说明。
i.在本申请中，还提供了一种车辆用动力系统，该车辆用动力系统可以是电桥驱动系统或混合动力系统。根据本申请的车辆用动力系统除了包括本申请的电机之外还可以包括变速器等传动机构，电机与变速器的输入轴传动联接以实现双向扭矩传递。
ii.在本申请的电机的技术方案中，电机的壳体1的外部可以设置有与入口11i连通的供油系统，该供油系统可以包括泵和油路(油管)等，从而利用供油系统能够供给作为冷却流体的冷却油；另外，出口11o还可以与变速器连通，使得对定子冷却之后的冷却流体能够返回变速器的壳体中。
iii.可以理解，在本申请的可选的技术方案中，可以仅在铁芯2的轴向一侧形成用于绕组3的伸出部分浸入冷却流体的空间，入口11i设置在该空间的最上方，同样也能够实现对定子的有效冷却。
iv.可以理解，在本申请的可选的技术方案中，本申请的密封环4a、4b的径向部分42可以包括数量大于两个抵靠部，这些抵靠部可以在电机的径向R上间隔开。这些抵靠部朝向盖12a、12b凸出，以抵靠电机的壳体1的盖12a、12b。另外，本申请的密封环4a、4b的结构简单，安装方便。
附图标记说明
1壳体；
11主体部；
11i入口；
11o出口；
12a第一盖；
12b第二盖；
2铁芯；
2h1安装孔；
2h2通路；
3绕组；
31第一伸出部分；
32第二伸出部分；
4a第一密封环；
4b第二密封环；
41轴向部分；
42径向部分；
42c密封槽；
421第一厚壁部；
422薄壁部；
423第二厚壁部；
5a第一密封圈；
5b第二密封圈；
A轴向；
R径向；
C周向

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电机，其特征在于，包括：
    壳体(1)，其包括主体部(11)和盖(12a、12b)，所述主体部(11)具有圆筒形状，所述盖(12a、12b)固定于所述主体部(11)且封闭所述主体部(11)的轴向开口；
    铁芯(2)，其位于所述壳体(1)内且与所述壳体(1)固定，所述铁芯(2)具有在所述电机的周向(C)上间隔开分布的多个安装孔(2h1)；
    绕组(3)，其安装于所述安装孔(2h1)且包括在所述电机的轴向(A)上从所述铁芯(2)伸出的伸出部分(31、32)；以及
    密封环(4a、4b)，其位于所述壳体(1)内，所述密封环(4a、4b)的轴向两侧端缘分别抵靠所述铁芯(2)和所述盖(12a、12b)，且所述密封环(4a、4b)的外周缘抵靠所述主体部(11)，使得所述密封环(4a、4b)与所述主体部(11)和所述铁芯(2)包围形成与所述安装孔(2h1)连通的空间，所述空间沿着所述周向(C)在整周上连续地延伸，所述伸出部分(31、32)收纳于所述空间内。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电机，其特征在于，所述密封环(4a、4b)包括第一密封环(4a)和第二密封环(4b)，
    所述第一密封环(4a)位于所述铁芯(2)的轴向一侧，所述第一密封环(4a)与所述主体部(11)和所述铁芯(2)包围形成位于轴向一侧的所述空间，
    所述第二密封环(4b)位于所述铁芯(2)的轴向另一侧，所述第二密封环(4b)与所述主体部(11)和所述铁芯(2)包围形成位于轴向另一侧的所述空间，
    位于轴向一侧的所述空间与位于轴向另一侧的所述空间经由所述安装孔(2h1)连通。
  3. 根据权利要2所述的电机，其特征在于，所述主体部(11)形成有入口(11i)和出口(11o)，所述入口(11i)与位于轴向一侧的所述空间连通，所述出口(11o)与位于轴向另一侧的所述空间连通。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电机，其特征在于，在所述轴向(A)与水平面平行的情况下，所述入口(11i)形成于所述主体部(11)的在竖直方向上的最下方部分，所述出口(11o)形成于所述主体部(11)的在竖直方向上的最上方部分。
  5. 根据权利要求2或3所述的电机，其特征在于，所述铁芯(2)还形成有多个通路(2h2)，所述多个通路(2h2)与所述多个安装孔(2h1)间隔开布置，所述多个通路(2h2)在所述周向(C)上间隔开地分布，位于轴向一侧的所述空间与位于轴向另一侧的所述空间还经由所述多个通路(2h2)连通。
  6. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的电机，其特征在于，所述密封环(4a、4b)的外周部形成有密封槽(42c)，所述密封槽(42c)朝向所述主体部(11)开放，
    所述电机还包括密封圈(5a、5b)，所述密封圈(5a、5b)由弹性材料制成且收纳于所述密封槽(42c)内，用于使所述密封环(4a、4b)与所述主体部(11)之间实现密封。
  7. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的电机，其特征在于，所述密封环(4a、4b)包括彼此固定的轴向部分(41)和径向部分(42)，所述轴向部分(41)沿着所述轴向(A)延伸，所述轴向部分(41)的一端缘抵靠所述铁芯(2)，所述径向部分(42)从所述轴向部分(41)的另一端缘朝向径向外侧延伸，所述径向部分(42)抵靠所述盖(12a、12b)。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电机，其特征在于，所述径向部分(42)包括 多个抵靠部，所述多个抵靠部在所述电机的径向(R)上间隔开，所述多个抵靠部朝向所述盖(12a、12b)凸出，以抵靠所述盖(12a、12b)。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电机，其特征在于，所述径向部分(42)包括第一厚壁部(421)、薄壁部(422)和第二厚壁部(423)，所述第一厚壁部(421)的厚度大于所述薄壁部(422)的厚度，所述第二厚壁部(423)的厚度大于所述薄壁部(422)的厚度，所述第一厚壁部(421)和所述第二厚壁部(423)位于所述薄壁部(422)的两端，所述第一厚壁部(421)和所述第二厚壁部(423)用作所述抵靠部。
  10. 一种车辆用动力系统，其特征在于，包括权利要求1至9中任一项所述的电机。
PCT/CN2023/131224 2022-11-23 2023-11-13 电机及车辆用动力系统 WO2024109577A1 (zh)

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CN110545012A (zh) * 2018-05-29 2019-12-06 中车株洲电力机车研究所有限公司 一种全封闭自然冷却牵引电机

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