WO2024103090A1 - Câble de fond de trou ayant une gaine protectrice - Google Patents

Câble de fond de trou ayant une gaine protectrice Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024103090A1
WO2024103090A1 PCT/AT2023/060386 AT2023060386W WO2024103090A1 WO 2024103090 A1 WO2024103090 A1 WO 2024103090A1 AT 2023060386 W AT2023060386 W AT 2023060386W WO 2024103090 A1 WO2024103090 A1 WO 2024103090A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cable
borehole
fiber
protective tube
sheath
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AT2023/060386
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Patrick WEISSINGER
Original Assignee
Nbg Holding Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nbg Holding Gmbh filed Critical Nbg Holding Gmbh
Publication of WO2024103090A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024103090A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/04—Flexible cables, conductors, or cords, e.g. trailing cables
    • H01B7/046—Flexible cables, conductors, or cords, e.g. trailing cables attached to objects sunk in bore holes, e.g. well drilling means, well pumps
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
    • G02B6/4401—Optical cables
    • G02B6/4415—Cables for special applications
    • G02B6/4416—Heterogeneous cables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
    • G02B6/4401—Optical cables
    • G02B6/441—Optical cables built up from sub-bundles
    • G02B6/4413—Helical structure
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
    • G02B6/4479—Manufacturing methods of optical cables
    • G02B6/4486—Protective covering
    • G02B6/4488—Protective covering using metallic tubes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/18—Protection against damage caused by wear, mechanical force or pressure; Sheaths; Armouring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B9/00—Power cables
    • H01B9/005—Power cables including optical transmission elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
    • G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
    • G02B6/02319—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by core or core-cladding interface features
    • G02B6/02323—Core having lower refractive index than cladding, e.g. photonic band gap guiding
    • G02B6/02328—Hollow or gas filled core
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
    • G02B6/4401—Optical cables
    • G02B6/4429—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables
    • G02B6/443—Protective covering
    • G02B6/4432—Protective covering with fibre reinforcements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
    • G02B6/4401—Optical cables
    • G02B6/4429—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables
    • G02B6/4436—Heat resistant
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
    • G02B6/4401—Optical cables
    • G02B6/4429—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables
    • G02B6/44384—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables the means comprising water blocking or hydrophobic materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
    • G02B6/4479—Manufacturing methods of optical cables
    • G02B6/4484—Manufacturing methods of optical cables with desired surplus length between fibres and protection features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
    • G02B6/4479—Manufacturing methods of optical cables
    • G02B6/449—Twisting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
    • H01B11/22—Cables including at least one electrical conductor together with optical fibres

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a borehole cable for transmitting data or measured values and/or for transmitting electrical energy.
  • An optical fiber cable and a borehole cable are known from EP3362834B1 and US10825584B2.
  • the cables known from these documents have the disadvantage that they are very limited in their reusability or multiple use, particularly due to the high stress when used in natural gas or oil wells.
  • the object of the present invention was to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide a borehole cable and a method for producing a borehole cable, wherein the borehole cable has improved robustness with respect to stresses in natural gas or oil wells or when being introduced into a borehole and when being removed from a borehole, so that increased reusability is possible.
  • the borehole cable according to the invention for transmitting data or measured values and/or electrical energy comprises a cable sheath and a first cable harness accommodated within the cable sheath.
  • the first cable harness comprises a first protective tube and a first fiber accommodated or arranged within the first protective tube.
  • At least the first cable harness is embedded in a protective sheath over the entire axial length of the borehole cable, in particular fully embedded, wherein the protective sheath is formed from components which comprise threads or a powder and a resin, wherein the protective sheath is molded onto the first cable harness and is preferably formed integrally and in one piece.
  • a single fiber can be understood as a cable for transmitting data or electrical energy.
  • a fiber optic cable or a cable or conductor for conducting electrical energy can be understood as a single fiber.
  • a borehole cable can be used for use in boreholes, such as natural gas or oil wells, as well as for use in underground energy storage or geothermal wells.
  • the cable sheath is the radially outermost layer of the borehole cable, whereby the cable sheath offers protection against external stresses, such as chemical or mechanical stress.
  • a cable harness is also understood to mean one of possibly several cable harnesses, which cable harness is formed along the entire axial length of the borehole cable.
  • a cable harness or the at least one cable harness can comprise at least the first protective tube.
  • the protective tube is a hollow tube, which can be formed from a metallic alloy, for example, and in the interior of which the at least one first fiber can be accommodated.
  • At least the first cable harness is embedded in the protective sheath or the at least one first cable harness can be molded onto the protective sheath.
  • the protective sheath completely surrounds the at least one cable harness, so that the protective sheath is designed as an insulating layer between the first cable harness and the cable sheath.
  • the resin of the protective sheath can be, for example, a synthetic resin or binding resin that can be hardened by exposure to heat or UV radiation and that penetrates the threads or powder when the protective sheath is manufactured. In this way, the protective sheath can be molded onto at least the first cable strand. Finally, the cable sheath completely encloses the protective sheath, and preferably it can be provided that the cable sheath completely touches the protective sheath.
  • the borehole cable according to the invention has the advantage that the plastic deformations during insertion and removal of the borehole cable are reduced. This means that the borehole cable can be reused repeatedly. which in particular improves the economic efficiency of operating a borehole when using the borehole cable according to the invention.
  • the protective sheath offers, in addition to the cable sheath, a further protective layer for the at least one cable strand or, in some cases, for the possibly multiple cable strands of the borehole cable with regard to chemical stress in a borehole.
  • hydrogen diffusion in the at least one cable strand can be reduced in this way, which on the one hand increases the service life of the borehole cable by reducing hydrogen embrittlement over the service life of the borehole cable and on the other hand provides security against faulty data transmission, provided that the first fiber is designed as a data transmission line.
  • Hydrogen embrittlement is also understood to mean the process in which hydrogen embeds itself in crystalline structures through diffusion processes and thus leads to a change in its properties, in particular to embrittlement of the structure.
  • the inventive design of the borehole cable with the protective sheath improves the tensile strength of the borehole cable, which in turn improves the reusability, despite high loads when inserting into and removing from a borehole, compared to conventional borehole cables without the inventive protective sheath.
  • the borehole cable comprises a second cable strand accommodated within the cable sheath, wherein the second cable strand comprises a second protective tube and a second fiber accommodated or arranged within the second protective tube, wherein the first cable strand and the second cable strand are embedded in the protective sheath over the entire axial length of the borehole cable.
  • the protective sheath can be molded onto the first cable strand and the second cable strand, or completely enclose the cable strands. The integration of the second cable strand increases the tensile strength of the borehole cable.
  • both cable strands are embedded in the protective sheath, in particular are completely embedded in it or molded onto it, a multi-part composite is created, whereby in particular in the With regard to bending stress on the borehole cable, advantageous properties can be achieved with regard to the elasticity or elastic limit of the borehole cable.
  • bending stress on the borehole cable internal shear forces can be compensated for in an improved manner via the protective sheath.
  • the elastic limit of the borehole cable as a whole is thus increased, which reinforces the advantageous effects described above and ensures that the borehole cable can be used economically and safely in boreholes.
  • the first cable strand and the second cable strand are twisted or stranded together and are accommodated or arranged within the cable sheath.
  • the two cable strands are stranded before being covered with the protective sheath.
  • the protective sheath thus completely shapes or surrounds the two stranded cable strands. Since the cable strands are stranded together, the advantageous effect is that the stranding creates an excess fiber length of the first fiber relative to the axial extension of the borehole cable.
  • This excess fiber length is particularly advantageous since the borehole cable according to the invention can be exposed to high temperatures of up to 900 °K during use, wherein the first fiber can have a different thermal expansion coefficient than the first protective tube or the cable sheath.
  • the length expansion of the borehole cable due to the effects of heat on the borehole cable is already partially compensated for to a certain extent by the provision of the protective sheath, but it is advantageous if the safety of the borehole cable is further increased, since the excess length of the first fiber relative to the axial extension of the borehole cable allows a difference between the absolute length expansions due to the effects of heat between the first fiber and the borehole cable within certain limits.
  • the safety of the borehole cable is thus further increased and the range of applications with regard to external loads acting on the borehole cable is also multiplied, which improves the economic efficiency of the borehole cable.
  • the borehole cable comprises at least one third cable strand accommodated within the cable sheath, wherein the third cable strand comprises a fourth protective tube and a third fiber accommodated or arranged within the fourth protective tube, wherein the first cable strand, the second cable strand and the third cable strand are inserted into the protective sheath over the entire axial length of the borehole cable. are embedded.
  • the integration of the third cable strand further increases the tensile strength of the borehole cable. Since all cable strands are embedded in the protective sheath, in particular are fully embedded in it or molded onto it, a multi-part composite is created.
  • the integration of all three cable strands in the protective sheath increases the radially outer surface of the cable strands that are formed by the protective sheath, creating an improved material composite that reinforces the advantageous properties already described above.
  • internal shear forces can be compensated in an improved manner via the material composite of the protective sheath with the cable strands, while at the same time the tensile strength of the borehole cable is improved.
  • Another advantageous embodiment is one in which the first cable strand, the second cable strand and the third cable strand are twisted or stranded together and accommodated or arranged within the cable sheath. Twisting three cable strands together results in several advantages.
  • the tensile strength of the borehole cable is increased, while the radially outer circumferential surface of the cable strands, which is formed by the protective sheath, is nevertheless almost completely embedded in the protective sheath.
  • the mechanical properties can be understood as, for example, the plastic and elastic properties as well as bending properties or properties with regard to the robustness and resistance to mechanical loads of the borehole cable.
  • an excess length of the first fiber relative to the borehole cable is set, which results from the stranding itself. This improves the variety of applications of the borehole cable and its robustness against thermal loads.
  • the second fiber is an electrical conductor.
  • the electrical conductor or the second fiber can be designed in such a way that the electrical conductor is embedded in an insulation layer, preferably made of a plastic material, wherein the outer diameter of the insulation layer surrounding the electrical conductor corresponds to an inner diameter of the second protective tube.
  • the full cross section of the second protective tube is utilized, which in Furthermore, since the electrical conductor is metallic, the tensile strength of the borehole cable is improved.
  • the third fiber may be an electrical conductor. This further improves the application versatility and tensile strength of the borehole cable, as explained above.
  • the first fiber is an optical fiber or a vacuum core optical fiber.
  • This enables data transmission into and out of the borehole, which increases the variety of applications of the borehole cable.
  • the use of a fiber optic cable as the first fiber is expedient, since the protective sheath offers a thermal and chemical insulation layer as well as a mechanical protective layer, particularly with regard to transverse pressures on the borehole cable. Since the fiber optic cable can also be used by special measuring methods to monitor the condition of the borehole, this results in a further advantage in addition to the data transmission enabled with regard to safe operation of a borehole using the borehole cable according to the invention.
  • the first fiber or the fiber optic cable has an initial fiber excess length relative to the unstacked or untwisted first protective tube in a range of 0.1 %o to 5 %o, in particular 0.5 %o to 1.5 %o.
  • this increases the possible and safe application area of the borehole cable with regard to high ambient temperatures, since the initial fiber excess length compensates for the difference between the different thermal expansions between the fiber optic and the borehole cable, so that the fiber optic does not break.
  • the twisted cable strands have a lay length, which lay length is selected from a range of 20 mm to 120 mm, in particular 50 mm to 70 mm. It is advantageous here that the tensile strength of the borehole cable is improved by the appropriate stranding of the cable strands with one another. Synergistically, the stranding creates a fiber excess length that is added to the initial fiber excess length up to a resulting fiber excess length in stranded cable strands.
  • a further synergistic effect with regard to the protective sheath is that the protective sheath prevents a change in the lay length, for example in areas of strong deflections of the borehole cable in a borehole or when inserting and removing of the borehole cable, to a certain extent. This is advantageous in terms of secure data transmission or secure condition monitoring of the borehole using the fiber optic cable.
  • the lay length is the pitch of the helically laid cable strands.
  • the lay length is therefore a length measurement for the axial extension of the borehole cable, the length over which a cable strand has a complete 360° turn of the helix.
  • the lay direction is irrelevant in this context.
  • the lay length of the individual cable strands twisted together can be essentially identical.
  • the threads or powder it is possible for the threads or powder to be made of a mineral, ceramic or carbon-containing first material. This means that the insulation properties and the elasticity properties of the protective sheath can be adjusted depending on the application.
  • the first material can be a mixture of silicates and/or feldspar and/or olivine. This has a beneficial effect on the temperature resistance of the protective sheath, which subsequently improves the thermal resilience of the borehole cable. Accordingly, the application spectrum of the borehole cable is increased and the reusability of the borehole cable is improved depending on the application. In combination with the use of a binding resin specially tailored to the first material, the resistance to thermal stress can be further improved.
  • the first material contains basalt.
  • the elastic limit of the borehole cable is increased, which reduces plastic deformation of the borehole cable compared to a conventional borehole cable without a protective sheath with a basalt-containing first material. This again improves the reusability of the borehole cable.
  • the first fiber in the stranded state of the first cable strand has a resulting fiber excess length, wherein the resulting fiber excess length relative to the length of the borehole cable is from a range comprising 0.1% to 3%, in particular 0.5 % to 1.5 % is selected.
  • thermal stress this enables the borehole cable to be used at temperatures of up to 900 °K, since the advantageous effects of the protective sheath or the basalt-containing protective sheath in combination with the resulting excess fiber length of the first fiber or the glass fiber compensate for the difference in length expansion caused by heat.
  • Another advantageous embodiment is one in which it can be provided that at least two contact surfaces or touch surfaces are formed on an axial length of one meter of the borehole cable between the first fiber and an inner surface of the first protective tube under normal conditions and with a straight, unstacked first cable strand in the axial direction.
  • Normal conditions are understood to mean an ambient temperature of 273 °K and an ambient pressure of 1013.25 mbar. Since the first fiber, particularly when the borehole cable is aligned vertically, is subjected to a tensile load due to its own weight, this load on the first fiber can be reduced via the contact surfaces.
  • the first fiber is arranged in the first protective tube, for example in a spiral shape running in the longitudinal direction of the borehole cable. This ensures that the touch surfaces are formed. Accordingly, this arrangement results in a fiber excess length of the length of the first fiber relative to the length of the borehole cable.
  • the first fiber has a resulting fiber excess length compared to the first protective tube, so that a resulting frictional force is formed on the contact surfaces between the first fiber and the first protective tube over the axial length of the borehole cable when the borehole cable is positioned vertically and under normal conditions, wherein the resulting frictional force is in the range between 30% and 200%, in particular at least 70% of the dead weight of the first fiber.
  • the advantage here is that the usable length of the borehole cable is increased, which in turn increases the variety of applications for the same.
  • additional support surfaces for the first fiber arise in this context due to the first cable strand being arranged spirally in the longitudinal direction of the borehole cable.
  • a fluid or a gel it is possible for a fluid or a gel to be accommodated or arranged within the first protective tube.
  • the fluid is a thixotropic gel.
  • This can further increase the protection of the first fiber or a glass fiber.
  • the protection of a glass fiber against darkening caused by hydrogen can be improved, especially in underwater applications or at high temperatures and correspondingly increased hydrogen diffusion in boreholes for natural gas or oil production.
  • This increases the service life or the service life of the borehole cable, which in turn improves cost-effectiveness.
  • the friction coefficient on the contact surfaces between the inner surface of the first protective tube and the first fiber can also be influenced.
  • the first cable harness includes a third protective tube, with an electrical conductor being accommodated or arranged within the third protective tube.
  • the third protective tube is arranged within the first protective tube, but also that the third protective tube is arranged, for example, next to the first protective tube and touching it.
  • a control voltage or additional electrical power can be provided in the borehole via the additional electrical conductor. This means that the borehole cable can be used multifunctionally, which multiplies its application spectrum.
  • the first cable harness comprises a protective tube jacket, wherein the protective tube jacket forms the first protective tube in a form-fitting and/or friction-fitting manner or is formed around the first protective tube. This improves the barrier effect for protecting the first fiber arranged in the first protective tube. Furthermore, the tensile strength of the borehole cable is improved.
  • the adhesion of the protective jacket to the first cable harness can also be improved by selecting the appropriate material for the protective tube jacket.
  • first protective tube and the cable sheath may be made of metallic alloys. This improves the protection against mechanical and chemical stress, the barrier effect to protect the first fiber and the tensile strength of the borehole cable.
  • the borehole cable according to the invention is intended for use in oil wells, natural gas wells, geothermal wells or in boreholes for underground energy storage.
  • High thermal, chemical and mechanical stresses are to be expected in oil and natural gas wells.
  • the borehole cable When the borehole cable is inserted into a borehole, it can become severely deformed or bent. These stresses can also occur when it is removed from the borehole.
  • the design of the borehole cable according to the invention therefore enables it to be reused after it has been used in a borehole.
  • the borehole cable During operation of a borehole, the borehole cable must withstand thermal and chemical stresses and a glass fiber arranged in the first protective pipe must be protected in such a way that secure data transmission or constant monitoring of the borehole condition is ensured.
  • the borehole cable according to the invention meets these requirements, or the properties of the borehole cable are improved by the inventive design of the borehole cable to the extent that safer and more economical operation in oil and natural gas boreholes is ensured.
  • the borehole cable according to the invention also offers the same advantageous effects for underground energy storage systems, such as redox flow storage systems.
  • the invention further relates to a method for producing a borehole cable comprising the following method steps:
  • the at least one second cable harness comprising a second protective tube, wherein a second fiber is accommodated within the second protective tube;
  • the stranded cable strands are embedded in particular in the protective sheath and wherein the protective sheath is formed from threads or powder made of a mineral, ceramic or carbon-containing first material and from resin or from a hardenable binding resin by means of a pultrusion process, extrusion process or a similar process;
  • the advantage here is that the method according to the invention can be used to produce a borehole cable with a protective sheath, the mechanical properties of which are improved by the protective sheath compared to a borehole cable without a protective sheath.
  • the mechanical properties can be understood to mean, for example, the plastic and elastic properties as well as bending properties or properties with regard to the robustness and resistance to mechanical loads of the borehole cable.
  • the borehole cable produced by means of the method according to the invention has the advantage that the plastic deformations when introduced into a borehole and when removed from the borehole are reduced. This creates the possibility of repeated reusability of the borehole cable, which in particular improves the economic efficiency of operating a borehole when using the borehole cable according to the invention.
  • the protective sheath offers, in addition to the cable sheath, a further protective layer for the cable strands of the borehole cable with regard to chemical stress in a borehole.
  • hydrogen diffusion in at least one cable strand can be reduced in this way, which on the one hand increases the service life of the borehole cable by reducing hydrogen embrittlement over the service life of the borehole cable and on the other hand provides security against faulty data transmission, provided that the first fiber is designed as a data transmission line or as a fiber optic cable.
  • Security against faulty data transmission is improved, for example, in the case of a fiber optic cable as a data transmission line, in that the reduced hydrogen diffusion reduces darkening of the fiber optic due to penetrating hydrogen.
  • Hydrogen embrittlement is also understood to mean the process in which hydrogen embeds itself in crystalline structures through diffusion processes and thus leads to a change in its properties, in particular to embrittlement of the structure.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to produce a borehole cable with a protective sheath whose tensile strength is improved, which in turn improves the reusability, despite high loads when inserting into and removing from a borehole, compared to conventional borehole cables without a protective sheath. Also advantageous is a design according to which it can be provided that when the first fiber is introduced into the first protective tube, an initial fiber excess length of the first fiber relative to the length of the first protective tube from a range comprising 0.1 %o to 5 %o, in particular 0.5 %c to 1.5 %c, is introduced.
  • the resulting fiber excess length is further increased, since the stranding per se already sets a fiber excess length compared to the unstacked state of the first cable strand depending on the lay length used.
  • this enables the borehole cable to be used at temperatures of up to 900 °K, since the advantageous effects of the protective sheath in combination with the resulting fiber excess length of the first fiber compensate for the difference in linear expansion due to thermal effects between the borehole cable and the first fiber.
  • the lay length can be increased according to the initial fiber excess length in order to ultimately achieve a desired resulting fiber excess length of the first fiber relative to the length of the borehole cable.
  • an optical fiber or a vacuum core optical fiber as the first fiber.
  • This enables data transmission into and out of the borehole, which increases the variety of applications of the borehole cable.
  • the use of a fiber optic cable as the first fiber is particularly useful with regard to the protective sheath, since the protective sheath offers a thermal and chemical insulation layer as well as a mechanical protective layer, particularly with regard to transverse pressures on the borehole cable. Since the fiber optic cable can also be used by special measuring methods to monitor the condition of the borehole itself, particularly over its longitudinal extent, this results in a further advantage in terms of safe operation of a borehole in addition to the data transmission it enables.
  • a lay length is set from a range of 20 mm to 120 mm, in particular 50 mm to 70 mm.
  • the advantage here is that the tensile strength of the borehole cable is improved by stranding the cable strands together accordingly. Synergistically, the stranding creates a fiber overlength that adds to the initial fiber overlength up to a resulting fiber overlength in stranded cable strands.
  • a further synergistic effect with regard to the protective sheath is that the protective sheath prevents a change in the lay length, for example in areas of strong deflections of the Borehole cable in a borehole or when inserting and removing the borehole cable, is prevented or reduced to a certain extent. This is advantageous in terms of secure data transmission or secure condition monitoring of the borehole using the fiber optic cable.
  • a mixture of silicates and/or feldspar and/or olivine is used as the first material.
  • This has a beneficial effect on the temperature resistance of the protective sheath, which subsequently improves the thermal resilience of the borehole cable. Accordingly, the application spectrum of the borehole cable is increased and the reusability of the borehole cable is improved depending on the application.
  • the resistance to thermal stress can be further improved.
  • a material containing basalt is used as the first material. This makes the borehole cable more resistant to high transverse pressures and hydrostatic pressure loads. Furthermore, the elastic limit of the borehole cable is increased, which reduces plastic deformation of the borehole cable compared to a conventional borehole cable without a protective sheath with a first material containing basalt. This again improves the reusability of the borehole cable.
  • the sheathing of the stranded cable strands with the protective sheath comprises the following process steps:
  • a third cable strand with a fourth protective tube and a third fiber accommodated therein is provided before the cable strands are stranded, wherein the first cable strand, the second cable strand and the third cable strand are stranded together when the cable strands are stranded.
  • an electrical conductor is used as the second fiber and as the third fiber. This allows the tensile strength of the borehole cable to be further increased, wherein at the same time a further fiber is provided, for example as an electrical conductor for transmitting electrical power.
  • Fig. 1 shows a possible design of a borehole cable
  • Fig. 2 a cross section of the borehole cable
  • Fig. 1 shows a possible embodiment of a borehole cable 1.
  • the borehole cable 1 comprises a cable sheath 2 to protect the borehole cable 1 from external chemical or mechanical stress.
  • a first cable strand 3 and at least one second cable strand 4 can be accommodated within the cable sheath 2.
  • the first cable strand 3 can comprise a first protective tube 5, wherein at least one first fiber 6 can be accommodated within the first protective tube 5.
  • the at least one first fiber 6 can be a glass fiber or a vacuum core optical fiber or a similar fiber based on optical fiber technology for data transmission. Furthermore, it can be provided that the at least one first fiber 6 is embedded within the first protective tube 5 in a gel or in a thixotropic fluid or gel or is at least wetted by it.
  • the second cable harness 4 can comprise a second protective tube 7, in which second protective tube 7 a second fiber 8 is accommodated.
  • the second fiber 8 can be designed as an electrical conductor with a full-circumferential insulation layer.
  • the first cable strand 3 and the second cable strand 4 can be stranded or twisted together. It can be provided that the cable strands 3, 4 have a lay length in the stranded state from a range of 20 mm to 120 mm, in particular 50 mm to 70 mm.
  • the two cable strands 3, 4 can each have a substantially circular cross-section, whereby the cable strands 3, 4 can thus touch each other in the stranded state along a spiral contact line that runs along the length of the borehole cable.
  • the borehole cable 1 can further comprise a protective sheath 9.
  • the protective sheath 9 can be accommodated within the cable sheath 2, wherein the cable sheath 2 can be designed to completely enclose the protective sheath 9 and to touch the protective sheath 9 at its outer diameter.
  • the cable strands 3, 4 can be completely embedded in the protective sheath 9 so that the protective sheath 9 has an insulating effect with respect to the cable sheath 2 and so that as few cavities as possible are formed between the cable sheath 2 and the cable strands 3, 4, provided this is technically feasible within the scope of the manufacturing options for the protective sheath 9.
  • the protective sheath 9 can be made from at least two components.
  • a first component can be formed from powder or threads, which powder or threads are formed from a first material.
  • a second component can be formed from a resin or a curable synthetic resin.
  • the production of the protective sheath 9 can comprise the following method steps: providing the twisted cable strands 3, 4. wrapping the twisted cable strands 3, 4 with threads made of the first material and/or coating with or applying powder made of the first material in order to fill gaps between the twisted cable strands 3, 4 and to produce a specified outer diameter of the protective sheath 9;
  • the resin or the curable synthetic resin can be introduced into the already produced casing made of the first material and cured using a pultrusion process;
  • an extrusion process can also be used.
  • the twisted cable strands 3, 4 can be completely embedded in the protective sheath 9 over the entire axial length of the borehole cable 1, or the protective sheath 9 can be molded onto the cable strands 3, 4, whereby a material connection can be established between the outer diameters of the cable strands 3, 4 and the protective sheath 9.
  • the first material can be a mineral, ceramic or carbonaceous material, with a mixture of silicates and/or feldspar and/or olivine being particularly conceivable. It can also be provided that the first material contains basalt in particular, whereby the desired insulation, barrier and elastic properties of the borehole cable 1 can be achieved.
  • the mechanical properties in particular the elastic-plastic properties of the borehole cable 1, can be advantageous.
  • the mechanical properties can be understood to mean, for example, the plastic and elastic properties as well as bending properties or properties with regard to the robustness and resistance to mechanical loads of the borehole cable 1.
  • Fig. 2 shows a further and possibly independent embodiment of the borehole cable, wherein again the same reference numerals or component designations are used for the same parts as in the previous Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 2 shows a cross section of the borehole cable.
  • the first fiber 6 can already be introduced into an untwisted first protective tube 5.
  • the introduction into the first protective tube 5 can be accomplished in such a way that the fiber 6 is unwound from a pull-off disk or a spool and, after initial introduction into the first protective tube 5, is drawn from the pull-off disk into the first protective tube 5 by the friction occurring between the first protective tube 5 and the first fiber 6 during continuous production.
  • an initial fiber overlay relative to the untwisted first protective tube 5 can be introduced from a range comprising 0.1% to 5%, in particular 0.5% to 1.5%.
  • a resulting fiber overlength of the first fiber 6 relative to the borehole cable 1 can be achieved from a range comprising 0.1% to 3%, in particular 0.5% to 1.5%.
  • the borehole cable 1 can have at least two contact surfaces 11 or contact surfaces between the first fiber 6 and an inner surface 10 of the first protective tube 5 over an axial length of one meter. If the borehole cable 1 is aligned vertically in its axial direction, a friction force resulting at the contact surfaces 11 between the first fiber 6 and the inner surface 10 of the first protective tube 5 can be in the range between 30% and 200%, in particular at least 70% of the dead weight of the first fiber 6. It is also conceivable that the first fiber 6 has a coating on its outer diameter, by means of which the resulting friction force can be changed by changing the coefficient of friction in accordance with specific application requirements of the borehole cable 1. The coefficient of friction can also be adjusted by appropriately selecting a gel that may be provided inside the first protective tube 5.
  • the specified value ranges of the initial excess length, the resulting excess length and the resulting friction force refer in particular to normal conditions at an ambient temperature of 273 °K and an ambient pressure of 1013.25 mbar. Due to different linear expansion coefficients of the first fiber 6 and the first protective tube 5 or the borehole cable 1, the resulting fiber excess length and the resulting friction force are naturally variable in the event of deviations from the normal conditions.
  • the protective coating 9 can contain basalt according to the first material used for the threads or the powder, the protective coating 9 can also be referred to as a basalt coating
  • the basalt sheath can, as previously described, be molded onto the cable strands 3, 4 or the cable strands 3, 4 are in any case completely accommodated in the basalt sheath.
  • the elastic limit can thus be increased compared to a conventional borehole cable without a basalt sheath.
  • the basalt sheath or the protective sheath 9 can be formed in one piece.
  • the first protective tube 5 and the cable sheath 2 can be made of metallic alloys.
  • the second protective tube 7 can be made of a metallic alloy or of an insulating plastic.
  • the first cable harness 3 comprises a third protective tube, wherein an electrical conductor is accommodated or arranged within the third protective tube. It can be provided that the third protective tube is arranged so as to run essentially axially parallel to the first protective tube 5. However, it is also conceivable that the third protective tube is arranged within the first protective tube 5.
  • the first protective tube 5 has a protective tube jacket 12.
  • the protective tube jacket 12 can be made of aluminum, wherein the first protective tube 5 is completely covered with the protective tube jacket 12.
  • the borehole cable 1 comprises a third cable harness 13 with a fourth protective tube 14, wherein a third fiber 15 is accommodated in the fourth protective tube 14.
  • the third cable harness 13 can be stranded with the first cable harness 3 and the second cable harness 4, wherein the stranded cable harnesses 3, 4, 13 can be embedded in the protective sheath 9.
  • the third fiber 15, like the second fiber 8 can be designed as an electrical conductor.
  • the third cable harness 13 can be constructed identically to the first cable harness 3.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un câble de fond de trou (1) et un procédé de fabrication d'un câble de fond de trou (1) qui peut être utilisé pour transmettre des données ou des valeurs mesurées et/ou de l'énergie électrique. Le câble de fond de trou (1) comprend une gaine de câble (2) et un premier faisceau de câbles (3) reçu à l'intérieur de la gaine de câble (2), le premier faisceau de câbles (3) ayant un premier tube protecteur (5) et au moins une première fibre (6) reçue ou placée à l'intérieur du premier tube protecteur (5). Le premier faisceau de câbles (3) est intégré dans une gaine protectrice (9) sur toute la longueur axiale du câble de fond de trou (1), la gaine protectrice (9) étant formée par des composants qui comprennent des filaments ou une poudre et une résine de liaison.
PCT/AT2023/060386 2022-11-14 2023-11-14 Câble de fond de trou ayant une gaine protectrice WO2024103090A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA50861/2022A AT526701A1 (de) 2022-11-14 2022-11-14 Bohrlochkabel mit einem Schutzmantel
ATA50861/2022 2022-11-14

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2024103090A1 true WO2024103090A1 (fr) 2024-05-23

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Family Applications (1)

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PCT/AT2023/060386 WO2024103090A1 (fr) 2022-11-14 2023-11-14 Câble de fond de trou ayant une gaine protectrice

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AT (1) AT526701A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2024103090A1 (fr)

Citations (7)

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EP2312360A1 (fr) * 2007-07-20 2011-04-20 FMC Kongsberg Subsea AS Câble composite
US20150153531A1 (en) * 2013-09-24 2015-06-04 Coming Optical Communications LLC Stretchable fiber optic cable
US20170110220A1 (en) * 2015-10-14 2017-04-20 Michael C. Romer Synthetic Power Cable For Downhole Electrical Devices
EP3362834B1 (fr) 2015-10-16 2019-09-18 AFL Telecommunications LLC Fibres et câbles optiques pour applications haute température
US10825584B2 (en) 2016-06-03 2020-11-03 Afl Telecommunications Llc Downhole logging cables with core conductor and optical units
US11268329B2 (en) * 2013-09-13 2022-03-08 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Electrically conductive fiber optic slickline for coiled tubing operations
WO2022180121A1 (fr) * 2021-02-23 2022-09-01 Wires&Bytes Gmbh Câble de fond de trou

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DE4321341A1 (de) * 1992-12-24 1994-06-30 Rheydt Kabelwerk Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen einer Lichtwellenleiter-Ader
GB0425584D0 (en) * 2004-11-20 2004-12-22 Expro North Sea Ltd Improved cable
AU2007290525B2 (en) * 2006-08-30 2013-08-15 Afl Telecommunications Llc Downhole cables with both fiber and copper elements
US8929702B2 (en) * 2007-05-21 2015-01-06 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Modular opto-electrical cable unit
CN104737242A (zh) * 2012-10-18 2015-06-24 C6科技公司 纤维复合杆状石油油井干预电力电缆
US10458191B2 (en) * 2013-12-28 2019-10-29 Trican Well Service, Ltd. Carbon fiber based tubing encapsulated cable
GB2539336B (en) * 2014-04-03 2019-05-08 Halliburton Energy Services Inc Composite slickline cable having an optical fiber with optimized residual strain

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2312360A1 (fr) * 2007-07-20 2011-04-20 FMC Kongsberg Subsea AS Câble composite
US11268329B2 (en) * 2013-09-13 2022-03-08 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Electrically conductive fiber optic slickline for coiled tubing operations
US20150153531A1 (en) * 2013-09-24 2015-06-04 Coming Optical Communications LLC Stretchable fiber optic cable
US20170110220A1 (en) * 2015-10-14 2017-04-20 Michael C. Romer Synthetic Power Cable For Downhole Electrical Devices
EP3362834B1 (fr) 2015-10-16 2019-09-18 AFL Telecommunications LLC Fibres et câbles optiques pour applications haute température
US10825584B2 (en) 2016-06-03 2020-11-03 Afl Telecommunications Llc Downhole logging cables with core conductor and optical units
WO2022180121A1 (fr) * 2021-02-23 2022-09-01 Wires&Bytes Gmbh Câble de fond de trou

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AT526701A9 (de) 2024-06-15
AT526701A1 (de) 2024-05-15

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