WO2024098768A1 - 电连接器、电子组件及电子设备 - Google Patents

电连接器、电子组件及电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024098768A1
WO2024098768A1 PCT/CN2023/102137 CN2023102137W WO2024098768A1 WO 2024098768 A1 WO2024098768 A1 WO 2024098768A1 CN 2023102137 W CN2023102137 W CN 2023102137W WO 2024098768 A1 WO2024098768 A1 WO 2024098768A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrical connector
contact
connector according
electronic
spring
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/102137
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨增达
薛睿智
吴学胜
陈宗训
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Publication of WO2024098768A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024098768A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R12/00—Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, specially adapted for printed circuits, e.g. printed circuit boards [PCB], flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures, e.g. terminal strips, terminal blocks; Coupling devices specially adapted for printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures; Terminals specially adapted for contact with, or insertion into, printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures
    • H01R12/70—Coupling devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/02—Contact members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/02—Contact members
    • H01R13/22—Contacts for co-operating by abutting
    • H01R13/24—Contacts for co-operating by abutting resilient; resiliently-mounted

Definitions

  • the present application relates to a structure of an electrical connector of an electronic device, and in particular to an electrical connector, an electronic component including the electrical connector, and an electronic device including the electronic component.
  • a typical electronic component includes electronic devices and electrical connectors for electrical conduction between electronic devices, such as a board-to-board electrical connector.
  • a board-to-board electrical connector As an example of an existing board-to-board electrical connector, it includes a first end socket provided on a circuit board, a second end socket provided on another circuit board, and a plug rod assembly located between the two sockets. The first end socket and the second end socket are interconnected by a blind plug rod assembly, thereby achieving basic electrical performance and radio frequency performance between boards to achieve signal transmission.
  • the above-mentioned board-to-board electrical connector has the following disadvantages.
  • a plurality of such electrical connectors are usually required for use, and each such electrical connector has too many components, resulting in a complex structure of the electrical connector, high cost and insufficient stability;
  • the size of such electrical connector is too large, resulting in the inability to adapt to scenarios with small inter-board spacing (height), and such electrical connector cannot compensate for large inter-board spacing errors (tolerances).
  • the present application proposes an electrical connector, which can adapt to the scenario of small device spacing with a simple structure and can compensate for large device spacing errors.
  • the present application also provides an electronic component including the electrical connector and an electronic device including the electronic component.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electrical connector for achieving electrical conduction between electronic devices, the electrical connector comprising:
  • An inner conductor is installed in the mounting hole, the inner conductor includes a first contact portion, a second contact portion and a spring portion fixed to each other, the first contact portion and the second contact portion are located outside the insulating shell, the spring portion is formed as a wave-shaped spring, the spring portion is located between the first contact portion and the second contact portion, and at least a portion of the spring portion is received in the mounting hole.
  • the electrical connector of the present application has fewer components and a smaller size, so it can be used in situations where the distance between electronic devices (such as the height between circuit boards) is small.
  • the wave-shaped spring part used as the spring part has a greater compressibility, so it can compensate for larger distance errors (tolerances).
  • the electrical connector has a simple structure and is conducive to large-scale industrial production.
  • the wave spring is formed by bending a plate material multiple times.
  • the bent part of the spring part formed by multiple bending can distribute the stress, thereby improving the compressibility and yield resistance of the spring part.
  • the inner conductor can be easily manufactured, which is conducive to large-scale industrial production.
  • the spring portion includes a plurality of bending units, each bending unit includes a bending portion and two straight arm portions, the two straight arm portions are respectively connected to two ends of the bending portion and are spaced apart from each other, and two adjacent bending units share one straight arm portion.
  • an angle formed by the intersection of planes where the two straight arm portions are located is ⁇ , which satisfies 0 degrees ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 10 degrees.
  • the compressibility of the spring part is improved without affecting the anti-yield capacity of the spring part, thereby increasing the compression amount of the spring part.
  • a notch is formed in the bending portion.
  • the spring part can release part of the stress generated during the compression process at the notch, thereby increasing the service life of the spring part.
  • the spring portion includes a first straight arm portion and a second straight arm portion located at two ends thereof.
  • the plane where the first straight arm portion is located is perpendicular to the compression direction of the spring portion, the first contact portion is fixed to the first straight arm portion, and
  • the plane where the second straight arm portion is located is perpendicular to the compression direction, and the second contact portion is fixed to the second straight arm portion.
  • the first contact portion is formed as a partial sphere protruding from the first straight arm portion toward a direction away from the second straight arm portion, and
  • the second contact portion is formed as a partial sphere protruding from the second straight arm portion toward a direction away from the first straight arm portion.
  • an outer conductor is further included, which is located outside the insulating shell and fixed relative to the insulating shell, and the outer conductor is coaxially arranged with the inner conductor.
  • the electrical connector when the electrical connector includes an outer conductor, the outer conductor and the inner conductor are coaxially arranged, thereby enabling the electrical connector to have a better ability to transmit radio frequency signals.
  • the outer conductor includes a main body and a plurality of elastic contacts.
  • the contact part, the main body has a cylindrical shape, the multiple elastic contact parts are arranged at both axial ends of the main body, and the insulating shell is fixed in the main body.
  • the plurality of elastic contact portions are evenly distributed in a circumferential direction of the main body at intervals, and each of the elastic contact portions is formed into a wave shape by multiple bendings.
  • the spring portion includes a base body made of a metal material and a protective layer coated on an outer surface of the base body.
  • the spring part has sufficient structural strength and electrical conductivity through the metal material matrix, and the wear resistance, corrosion resistance and/or electrical conductivity can be improved through the protective layer.
  • a mounting lug is further included, wherein the mounting lug is fixed to the spring portion and inserted into the insulating housing, so that the electrical connector is mounted on the insulating housing.
  • the insulating shell includes a first shell portion and a second shell portion, the mounting lug is inserted between the first shell portion and the second shell portion, and the first shell portion and the second shell portion are fixed together in a state of clamping the mounting lug.
  • the insulating housing is provided with a structure that matches with the mounting lug, so that the mounting lug is utilized to realize the installation with the spring part.
  • a portion of an outer contour of the spring portion abuts against a wall of the insulating housing.
  • the first contact portion, the second contact portion, the spring portion, and the mounting lug are formed as one body.
  • such a structure can simplify the inner conductor manufacturing process, which is conducive to the large-scale industrial production of the electrical connector of the present application.
  • a plurality of the inner conductors are included, and the plurality of the inner conductors are arranged spaced apart from each other.
  • the electrical connector can be suitable for electrical conduction between electronic devices having multiple pairs of electrical connection contacts.
  • a plurality of the inner conductors are arranged in an array.
  • a mounting portion is further included, wherein the mounting portion is formed as one piece with the insulating housing and is used for mounting the insulating housing on the electronic device.
  • the first contact portion, the second contact portion, and the spring portion are integrally formed of a plate.
  • such a structure can simplify the manufacturing process of the inner conductor, which is conducive to the large-scale industrial production of the electrical connector of the present application.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic component, comprising the electrical connector described in any one of the above technical solutions.
  • the second aspect also includes a first circuit board and a second circuit board, the first circuit board has a first electronic contact, the second circuit board has a second electronic contact, the second electronic contact is arranged in pairs with the first electronic contact, the first contact portion of the electrical connector abuts the first electronic contact, and the second contact portion of the electrical connector abuts the second electronic contact.
  • the electrical connector can achieve electrical conduction between the first circuit board and the second circuit board in a simple manner.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, comprising the electronic component described in any one of the above technical solutions.
  • the electronic device is a communication base station.
  • the electronic device is an electronic device used to transmit electrical signals, radio frequency signals and/or high-speed signals.
  • the electronic device of the present application can be applicable to a variety of signal transmissions, especially in the field of radio frequency signal transmission, and particularly suitable for high-speed signal transmission.
  • FIG. 1A is a perspective schematic diagram showing an electrical connector according to a first embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 1B is another schematic perspective view showing the electrical connector in FIG. 1A .
  • FIG. 1C is a schematic diagram showing the exploded structure of the electrical connector in FIG. 1A .
  • FIG. 1D is a schematic diagram showing the exploded structure of the insulating housing of the electrical connector in FIG. 1A .
  • FIG. 1E is a perspective schematic diagram showing an inner conductor of the electrical connector in FIG. 1A .
  • FIG. 2A is a schematic perspective view showing an electrical connector according to a second embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram showing the exploded structure of the electrical connector in FIG. 2A .
  • FIG. 3A is a schematic perspective view showing an electrical connector according to a third embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3B is another schematic perspective view showing the electrical connector in FIG. 3A .
  • FIG. 3C is a schematic diagram showing the exploded structure of the electrical connector in FIG. 3A .
  • FIG. 3D is a schematic top view of the electrical connector in FIG. 3A .
  • FIG. 3E is a schematic side view of the electrical connector in FIG. 3A .
  • FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram showing an exploded structure of an electrical connector according to a fourth embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4B is a schematic top view of the electrical connector in FIG. 4A .
  • FIG. 4C is a bottom view schematically showing the electrical connector in FIG. 4A .
  • FIG. 4D is a schematic side view of the electrical connector in FIG. 4A .
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of an electronic component according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • compression direction refers to the compression direction of the spring portion when the first contact portion and the second contact portion of the electrical connector of the present application abut against the circuit board and the spring portion of the electrical connector is in a squeezed state.
  • the present application constructs an electrical connector for achieving electrical conduction between electronic devices by using an insulating shell and an inner conductor installed in the insulating shell.
  • the electrical connector has few components, so the structure is simple, which is conducive to large-scale industrial production.
  • the size of the electrical connector of the present application is small, so it can be used in occasions where the distance between electronic devices (such as the height between circuit boards) is small, and the wave-shaped spring part used as the spring part has a large compressibility, so it can compensate for large distance errors (tolerances).
  • the electrical connector EC according to the first embodiment of the present application comprises an assembled insulating housing 1 and an inner conductor 2.
  • the inner conductor 2 is mounted on the insulating housing 1 to achieve electrical conduction between electronic devices.
  • the insulating shell 1 can be made of an insulating material such as plastic, so that the insulating shell 1 provides sufficient insulation performance while being able to protect the inner conductor 2.
  • the above-mentioned plastic can be a material with a low dielectric constant commonly used in the radio frequency field, such as polytetrafluoroethylene, phenylene terephthalamide, polyethyleneimine, and polyetheretherketone.
  • the insulating shell 1 includes a first shell portion 11 and a second shell portion 12 fixed together, and the first shell portion 11 and the second shell portion 12 are connected together to form the insulating shell 1, and a mounting hole 1h is defined inside the insulating shell 1, and the mounting hole 1h is used for the inner conductor 2 to be inserted through.
  • the first housing portion 11 includes a first cylindrical portion 111 and a first tapered portion 112 formed as one body.
  • the first cylindrical portion 111 has a hollow cylindrical shape, and the outer diameter of the first cylindrical portion 111 remains unchanged.
  • the first tapered portion 112 extends from the first cylindrical portion 111 in a direction away from the second housing portion 12, and the outer diameter of the first tapered portion 112 gradually decreases from the first cylindrical portion 111.
  • the second housing portion 12 includes a second cylindrical portion 121 and a second tapered portion 122 formed as one body.
  • the second cylindrical portion 121 has a hollow cylindrical shape, and the outer diameter of the second cylindrical portion 121 remains unchanged and is equal to the outer diameter of the first cylindrical portion 111.
  • the second tapered portion 122 extends from the second cylindrical portion 121 in a direction away from the first housing portion 11, and the outer diameter of the second tapered portion 122 gradually decreases from the second cylindrical portion 121.
  • the first housing portion 11 may be formed with two bosses 13 protruding toward the inside of the mounting hole 1h on the wall portion of the first cylindrical portion 111
  • the second housing portion 12 may be formed with two bosses 13 protruding toward the inside of the mounting hole 1h on the wall portion of the second cylindrical portion 121.
  • the bosses 13 located at the first cylindrical portion 111 and the bosses 13 located at the second cylindrical portion 121 are arranged in pairs, so that the paired bosses 13 can clamp the corresponding mounting lugs 24.
  • the insulating housing 1 is formed with a through mounting hole 1h.
  • the mounting hole 1h is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape at the first cylindrical portion 111 of the first housing portion 11, and the mounting hole 1h is formed in a cubic shape at the first tapered portion 112 of the first housing portion 11.
  • the mounting hole 1h is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape at the second cylindrical portion 121 of the second housing portion 12, and the mounting hole 1h is formed in a cubic shape at the second tapered portion 122 of the second housing portion 12.
  • the shapes formed at different locations of the mounting hole 1h have an adaptive relationship with the outer contour of the spring portion 23, so that at least part of the outer contour of the spring portion 23 in the mounting hole 1h abuts against the wall of the insulating housing 1, and the spring portion 23 is limited by the wall of the insulating housing 1.
  • the inner conductor 2 can be stably mounted on the insulating housing 1.
  • hot riveting, welding (such as laser welding), snap-fitting (such as mechanical snap-on connection), interference fit or other connection methods can be used to achieve a fixed connection between the first shell portion 11 and the second shell portion 12.
  • the inner conductor 2 includes a first contact portion 21, a second contact portion 22, and a spring portion 23 fixed to each other.
  • the spring portion 23 is located between the first contact portion 21 and the second contact portion 22, and a portion of the spring portion 23 is received in the mounting hole 1h.
  • the first contact portion 21 and the second contact portion 22 extend from the mounting hole 1h of the insulating housing 1 to be located outside the insulating housing 1, and the first contact portion 21 and the second contact portion 22 are used to abut against the electronic device to achieve electrical conduction.
  • the spring portion 23 may include a metal material.
  • the spring portion 23 has sufficient structural strength and electrical conductivity through the metal substrate, and the protective layer can improve wear resistance, corrosion resistance and/or electrical conductivity.
  • the metal material of the substrate can be beryllium copper, phosphor copper, brass, high-conductivity copper and steel, etc.
  • the protective layer can be realized by electroplating using gold, silver, binary alloy and ternary alloy.
  • the spring portion 23 is formed as a wave-shaped spring.
  • the wave-shaped spring is formed by stamping and bending a plate multiple times.
  • the wave-shaped spring includes a plurality of bending units, each of which includes two straight arm portions 231 and a bent portion 232.
  • Each straight arm portion 231 is formed in a flat plate shape, and the bent portion 232 is formed in an arc-shaped bent plate shape.
  • the two straight arm portions 231 are respectively connected to the two ends of the bent portion 232 and are spaced apart from each other, and two adjacent bent units share a straight arm portion 231.
  • the structure of this wave-shaped spring is simple, easy to implement, and is conducive to large-scale industrial production.
  • the bent portions of the plurality of bent units of the wave-shaped spring can share the stress, thereby improving the compressibility and yield resistance of the inner conductor 2.
  • the wave spring includes eight bending units.
  • the two straight arm portions 231 of each bending unit are away from each other in the process of extending from the bending portion 232.
  • the planes where the two straight arm portions 231 of each bending unit are located intersect to form an angle ⁇ , which is an acute angle and can satisfy, for example, 0 degrees ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 10 degrees.
  • the compressibility of the wave spring is improved without affecting the yield resistance of the wave spring, and the compression amount that the wave spring can be compressed is increased.
  • the four central bending units are located in the portion corresponding to the first cylindrical portion 111 and the second cylindrical portion 121 of the mounting hole 1h formed by the insulating housing 1, and the other four bending units on both sides are located in the portion corresponding to the first tapered portion 112 and the second tapered portion 122 of the mounting hole 1h formed by the insulating housing 1. Since the size of the portion of the mounting hole 1h corresponding to the first cylindrical portion 111 and the second cylindrical portion 121 is relatively large, the width of the four bending units located in the center is correspondingly relatively large.
  • the width direction of the bending unit can correspond to the width direction of the metal plate forming the spring portion 23 or the inner conductor 2.
  • a notch 232c is formed at the center of the width direction of the bending portion 232 of each bending unit.
  • the entire spring portion 23 still has sufficient structural strength; on the other hand, during the compression process, the wave-type spring can release part of the stress generated during the compression process at the notch 232c, thereby increasing the service life of the wave-type spring.
  • the spring portion 23 includes a first straight arm portion 231a and a second straight arm portion 231b located at both ends thereof.
  • the plane where the first straight arm portion 231a is located can be perpendicular to the compression direction C of the spring portion 23, and the first contact portion 21 is fixed to the first straight arm portion 231a.
  • the plane where the second straight arm portion 231b is located can be perpendicular to the compression direction C of the spring portion 23, and the second contact portion 22 is fixed to the second straight arm portion 231b.
  • the first contact portion 21 is formed as a partial sphere protruding from the first straight arm portion 231a toward a direction away from the second straight arm portion 231b
  • the second contact portion 22 is formed as a partial sphere protruding from the second straight arm portion 231b toward a direction away from the first straight arm portion 231a.
  • the line connecting the center of the sphere corresponding to the partial sphere of the first contact portion 21 and the center of the sphere corresponding to the partial sphere of the second contact portion 22 can be consistent with the straight line where the compression direction C of the spring portion 23 is located, which is beneficial to the stability of the contact between the electrical connector EC and the electronic device.
  • the electrical connector EC further includes a mounting lug 24.
  • Two mounting lugs 24 are fixed to a straight arm portion 231 of the spring portion 23 and are respectively located on both sides of the straight arm portion 231.
  • the two mounting lugs 24 are inserted between the bosses 13 of the first housing portion 11 and the second housing portion 12 of the insulating housing 1, so that the electrical connector EC is mounted on the insulating housing 1.
  • the first contact portion 21, the second contact portion 22, the spring portion 23 and the mounting lug 24 can be formed as one body, and such a structure can simplify the manufacturing process of the inner conductor 2, which is conducive to the large-scale industrial production of the electrical connector EC.
  • a groove or a recessed portion for accommodating the mounting lug 24 can be provided on the end surface of the first housing portion 11 facing the second housing portion 12 and/or the end surface of the second housing portion 12 facing the first housing portion 11.
  • the inventor of the present application verified through experiments that the insertion loss and return loss of the electrical connector EC according to the first embodiment of the present application when transmitting three typical frequency signals (2.6GHz, 3.5GHz, 4.9GHz) in the state of achieving electrical conduction of the electronic device. Through experiments, it can be seen that regardless of whether there is an error in the allowable range of the spacing of the electronic device, the insertion loss and return loss of the electrical connector EC according to the first embodiment of the present application when transmitting three typical frequency signals in the state of achieving electrical conduction of the electronic device are low.
  • the inventor of the present application verified through experiments that the relationship between the compression amount of the spring portion 23 of the electrical connector EC according to the first embodiment of the present application in the compression direction C and the contact force between the contact portions 21, 22 and the electronic device.
  • the compression amount of the spring portion 23 of the electrical connector EC according to the first embodiment of the present application in the compression direction C and the contact force between the contact portions 21, 22 and the electronic device have a relatively ideal positive correlation coefficient, and can provide sufficient contact force between the contact portions 21, 22 and the electronic device when the spring portion 23 is compressed.
  • the spring portion 23 has sufficient compression margin to ensure that it can provide stable and sufficient spring force after long-term compression or multiple compressions.
  • the length of the spring portion 23 in the natural state is basically maintained before and after use, and the length dimension is stable and will not produce significant plastic deformation and cause shortening.
  • the structure of the electrical connector EC according to the second embodiment of the present application is similar to the structure of the electrical connector EC according to the first embodiment of the present application, and the differences between the two are mainly described below.
  • the main difference compared with the first embodiment is that the spring portion 23 has more (ten) bending units, so that the spring portion 23 can adapt to two electronic devices with a larger spacing, and has a greater compressibility, thereby being able to compensate for a larger spacing error.
  • the first shell portion 11 is formed with a first tapered portion 112 on both sides of the first cylindrical portion 111, so that the shape of the insulating housing 1 is changed compared with the first embodiment. In fact, the shape of the insulating housing 1 can be adjusted as needed, and does not affect the desired function of the electrical connector EC of the present application.
  • the structure of the electrical connector EC according to the third embodiment of the present application is similar to the structure of the electrical connector EC according to the first embodiment of the present application, and the differences between the two are mainly described below.
  • the electrical connector EC according to this embodiment further includes an outer conductor 3.
  • the outer conductor 3 is made of, for example, the same metal material as the inner conductor 2.
  • the outer conductor 3 includes a main body portion 31 and a plurality of elastic contact portions 32 formed as one body.
  • the main body portion 31 has a cylindrical shape, and the insulating housing 1 is located in the main body portion 31.
  • the insulating housing 1 can be, for example, connected to the main body portion 31 by contacting the main body portion 31.
  • the part 31 is fixed in the main body 31 by interference fit.
  • the elastic contact part 32 is arranged at both axial ends of the main body 31.
  • each elastic contact part 32 there are twelve elastic contact parts 32 at either axial end of the main body 31, and the twelve elastic contact parts 32 at either axial end of the main body 31 are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction of the main body 31.
  • a part of each elastic contact part 32 is formed into a wave shape by multiple bendings, so each elastic contact part 32 can also be regarded as a wave spring.
  • the outer conductor 3 and the inner conductor 2 are insulated by the insulating shell 1, and the outer conductor 3 can be elastically deformed in the same compression direction C as the inner conductor 2 and provide corresponding elastic force.
  • the structure of the outer conductor 3 constructed in this way is simple and easy to implement, which is conducive to large-scale industrial production.
  • the outer conductor 3 is coaxially arranged with the inner conductor 2.
  • the central axis of the outer conductor 3 is the central axis of the main body 31 of the outer conductor 3;
  • the central axis of the inner conductor 2 refers to the line between the vertices of the partial sphere of the first contact portion 21 and the vertices of the partial sphere of the second contact portion 22 of the inner conductor 2 (the extension direction of the line is consistent with the compression direction C), and the line is consistent with the central axis of the insulating housing 1.
  • the coaxial arrangement of the outer conductor 3 and the inner conductor 2 means that the central axis of the main body 31 of the outer conductor 3 is consistent with the central axis of the inner conductor 2 (on the same straight line), and in this case, the insulating housing 1 is actually coaxially arranged with the outer conductor 3 and the inner conductor 2. It can be understood that in different embodiments of the present application, the central axes of the outer conductor 3 and the inner conductor 2 can be determined accordingly according to their structures.
  • the electrical connector EC according to this embodiment can not only achieve the beneficial effects described in the first and second embodiments of the present application, but also improves the ability of the electrical connector EC to transmit radio frequency signals due to the provision of the outer conductor 3 coaxially arranged with the inner conductor 2.
  • the structure of the electrical connector EC according to the fourth embodiment of the present application is significantly changed compared with the structure of the electrical connector EC according to the first embodiment of the present application, and the differences between the two are mainly described below.
  • the main difference compared with the first embodiment is that it includes a plurality of (fifty) inner conductors 2.
  • Each inner conductor 2 may have the same structure as the inner conductor 2 described in the first embodiment, and the plurality of inner conductors 2 are arranged in a matrix array and spaced apart from each other, so that the electrical connector EC can be suitable for electrical conduction between electronic devices having a large number of paired electrical connection contacts.
  • the insulating housing 1 includes a plate-shaped first housing portion 11 and a plate-shaped second housing portion 12, and the first housing portion 11 can be snapped onto the second housing portion 12 to construct the insulating housing 1.
  • the electrical connector EC also includes a mounting portion 14, which is formed as a whole with the second housing portion 12 of the insulating housing 1, and is used for fixing the insulating housing 1 to the electronic device.
  • the mounting portion 14 may include two mounting posts extending from the second housing portion 12 in a direction away from the first housing portion 11, and the two mounting posts can be inserted into corresponding mounting holes of electronic devices such as circuit boards, thereby facilitating the stability of the electrical connector EC in a state where the electronic device is electrically conductive.
  • the present application also provides an electronic component.
  • an electronic component according to an embodiment of the present application
  • the assembly includes a first circuit board P1, a second circuit board P2 and an electrical connector EC according to the present application.
  • the first circuit board P1 may have a first electronic contact
  • the second circuit board P2 may have a second electronic contact
  • the second electronic contact is arranged in pairs with the first electronic contact.
  • the first contact portion 21 of the electrical connector EC according to the present application abuts the first electronic contact
  • the second contact portion 22 of the electrical connector EC abuts the second electronic contact.
  • the electrical connector EC can achieve electrical conduction between the first circuit board P1 and the second circuit board P2 in a simple manner, and can use the electrical connector EC to compensate for the error of the distance between the boards.
  • the first circuit board P1 and the second circuit board P2 can be parallel to each other.
  • the electrical connector EC of the present application is not only suitable for signal transmission between two single boards, such as the first circuit board P1 and the second circuit board P2, but also suitable for signal transmission within a single board or between a single board and a module.
  • the transmitted signal can be a low-speed signal, an electrical signal, a radio frequency signal or a high-speed signal (a signal with a frequency greater than 50MHz), and is particularly suitable for transmitting radio frequency signals and high-speed signals.
  • the present application also provides an electronic device, which includes the electronic components described above.
  • the electronic device of the present application may be, but is not limited to, a communication base station.
  • the communication base station may be a frequency division, time division duplex base station, a multiple input multiple output base station, or a radio frequency processing unit small station.
  • the spring portion 23 when the spring portion 23 is formed as a wave-shaped spring, the number of bending units and the size and shape of the straight arm portion 231 and the curved portion 232 of the bending unit can be adjusted according to actual needs. In this way, an electrical connector EC suitable for different occasions can be obtained.
  • the number of inner conductors 2 can be adjusted as needed, and these inner conductors 2 can be arranged in a circular array or arrays of other shapes, or in a non-array manner.
  • first contact portion 21 and the second contact portion 22 may be spheres directly stamped out of the first straight arm portion 231a and the second straight arm portion 231b of the spring portion 23, or may be spheres provided on the first straight arm portion 231a and the second straight arm portion 231b in other ways. It is understood that the first contact portion 21 and/or the second contact portion 22 are not necessarily spheres or partial spheres, and the first contact portion 21 and/or the second contact portion 22 may also be protrusions of other shapes or structures.
  • the electrical connector EC of the present application When the electrical connector EC of the present application is used to achieve electrical conduction between electronic devices, it can be used in conjunction with other conductive components.

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  • Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)

Abstract

本申请提供了一种电连接器、电子组件及电子设备。通过采用绝缘外壳以及安装于绝缘外壳的内导体，构建了用于实现电子器件之间电性导通的电连接器。该电连接器的组成部件少，因而结构简单，有利于大规模工业生产。而且，本申请的电连接器的尺寸较小，从而能够适用于电子器件之间距离较小的场合，用作弹簧部的波浪型弹簧部具有较大的可压缩能力，从而能够补偿较大的距离误差。本申请的电子组件包括电子器件和上述电连接器。本申请的电子设备包括该电子组件，该电子设备可以是但不限于通信基站。

Description

电连接器、电子组件及电子设备
本申请要求于2022年11月8日提交中国专利局、申请号为202222970218.2、发明名称为“电连接器、电子组件及电子设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电子器件的电连接器的结构，具体地涉及一种电连接器、包括该电连接器的电子组件以及包括该电子组件的电子设备。
背景技术
对于现有的例如通信基站等的电子设备，存在小体积、轻量化的需求。为了满足上述需求，需要对电子设备中的电子组件的结构进行调整，在典型的电子组件中包括电子器件和用于电子器件间电性导通的电连接器，例如板对板的电连接器。作为现有的板对板电连接器的一个示例，包括设置于一个电路板上的第一端插座、设置于另一个电路板上的第二端插座以及位于这两个座之间的插杆组件。通过盲插杆组件实现第一端插座和第二端插座的互连，从而实现板与板之间的基础的电性能和射频性能，来实现信号传输。
但是，上述的板对板的电连接器具有如下的缺点。一方面，通常需要多个这种电连接器配合使用，而且每个这种电连接器的组成部件过多，造成电连接器的结构复杂，成本较高且稳定性不足；另一方面，这种电连接器的尺寸过大，导致不能适配板间间距(配高)较小的场景，而且这种电连接器也无法补偿较大的板间间距误差(容差)。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本申请提出了一种电连接器，其能够以简单的结构适配器件间距较小的场景，而且能够补偿较大的器件间距误差。本申请还提供了一种包括上述电连接器的电子组件以及包括该电子组件的电子设备。
为此，本申请采用如下的技术方案。
第一方面，本申请的实施例提供了一种电连接器，用于实现电子器件之间的电性导通，所述电连接器包括：
绝缘外壳，其内部形成有安装孔；以及
内导体，其安装于所述安装孔中，所述内导体包括彼此固定的第一接触部、第二接触部和弹簧部，所述第一接触部和所述第二接触部位于所述绝缘外壳的外部，所述弹簧部形成为波浪型弹簧，所述弹簧部位于所述第一接触部和所述第二接触部之间，所述弹簧部的至少一部分收纳于所述安装孔内。
通过采用上述技术方案，本申请的电连接器的组成部件较少且尺寸可以较小，从而能够适用于电子器件之间距离(例如电路板之间的配高)较小的场合，用作弹簧部的波浪型弹簧部具有较大的可压缩能力，从而能够补偿较大的距离误差(容差)。另 外，该电连接器的结构简单，有利于大规模工业生产。
在根据第一方面的一种可能的实施方式中，通过使板材多次折弯来形成所述波浪型弹簧。
通过采用上述技术方案，在第一接触部和第二接触部抵接电子器件且弹簧部被挤压的状态下，弹簧部的通过多次弯折形成的弯曲部能够分摊应力，进而改善弹簧部的可压缩能力和抗屈服能力。而且，还能够使得内导体容易制造，有利于大规模工业生产。
在根据第一方面的一种可能的实施方式中，所述弹簧部包括多个折弯单元，每个折弯单元包括弯曲部和两个直臂部，所述两个直臂部分别与所述弯曲部的两端相连且彼此间隔开，相邻的两个所述折弯单元共用一个所述直臂部。
通过采用上述技术方案，提出一种作为弹簧部的波浪型弹簧的典型方案，该波浪型弹簧的结构简单，易于实现。
在根据第一方面的一种可能的实施方式中，对于所述多个折弯单元中的至少一个折弯单元，所述两个直臂部所在的平面相交所成的夹角为α，满足0度≤α≤10度。
通过采用上述技术方案，在不影响弹簧部的抗屈服能力的情况下改善弹簧部的可压缩能力，提高弹簧部能够压缩的压缩量。
在根据第一方面的一种可能的实施方式中，对于所述多个折弯单元中的至少一个折弯单元，所述弯曲部形成有缺口。
通过采用上述技术方案，弹簧部能够在缺口处释放压缩过程中产生的部分应力，从而提高弹簧部的使用寿命。
在根据第一方面的一种可能的实施方式中，所述弹簧部包括位于其两端的第一直臂部和第二直臂部，
所述第一直臂部所在的平面与所述弹簧部的压缩方向垂直，所述第一接触部固定于所述第一直臂部，并且
所述第二直臂部所在的平面与所述压缩方向垂直，所述第二接触部固定于所述第二直臂部。
通过采用上述技术方案，在第一接触部和第二接触部抵接电子器件且弹簧部被电子器件挤压的情况下，能够保证弹簧部被沿着压缩方向稳定地压缩。
在根据第一方面的一种可能的实施方式中，所述第一接触部被形成为从所述第一直臂部朝向远离所述第二直臂部的方向凸出的部分球体，并且
所述第二接触部被形成为从所述第二直臂部朝向远离所述第一直臂部的方向凸出的部分球体。
通过采用上述技术方案，提出了第一接触部和第二接触部的典型的形状特征，有利于电连接器与电子器件的对应部位稳定接触。
在根据第一方面的一种可能的实施方式中，还包括外导体，其位于所述绝缘外壳的外侧且与所述绝缘外壳相对固定，所述外导体与所述内导体同轴配置。
通过采用上述技术方案，在电连接器包括外导体的情况下，外导体与内导体同轴配置，由此使得该电连接器具有较好的传输射频信号的能力。
在根据第一方面的一种可能的实施方式中，所述外导体包括主体部和多个弹性接 触部，所述主体部具有圆筒形状，所述多个弹性接触部设置于所述主体部的轴向两端，所述绝缘外壳固定于所述主体部内。
通过采用上述技术方案，提出了一种结构简单且易于大规模工业生产的外导体的构造。
在根据第一方面的一种可能的实施方式中，在所述主体部的轴向任一端处，所述多个弹性接触部在所述主体部的周向上间隔开地均匀分布，每个所述弹性接触部通过多次弯折形成为波浪形状。
通过采用上述技术方案，提出了一种弹性接触部的构造，使得弹性接触部在与电子器件接触的状态下顺利产生压缩形变，而且该构造简单易于实现。
在根据第一方面的一种可能的实施方式中，所述弹簧部包括由金属材料制成的基体和涂覆于所述基体外表面的防护层。
通过采用上述技术方案，通过金属材料的基体使得弹簧部具有足够的结构强度和导电性能，通过防护层能够提高耐磨性、耐腐蚀性和/或改善导电性能。
在根据第一方面的一种可能的实施方式中，还包括安装凸耳，所述安装凸耳固定于所述弹簧部且插入所述绝缘外壳，使得所述电连接器安装于所述绝缘外壳。
通过采用上述技术方案，提供内导体和绝缘外壳之间简单且易于实现的安装结构。
在根据第一方面的一种可能的实施方式中，所述绝缘外壳包括第一壳体部和第二壳体部，所述安装凸耳插入所述第一壳体部和所述第二壳体部之间，所述第一壳体部和所述第二壳体部以夹着所述安装凸耳的状态固定在一起。
通过采用上述技术方案，绝缘外壳设置有与安装凸耳配合的结构，从而利用安装凸耳实现与弹簧部的安装。
在根据第一方面的一种可能的实施方式中，在所述安装孔内，所述弹簧部的部分外轮廓部抵靠所述绝缘外壳的壁部。
通过采用上述技术方案，有利于内导体被稳定安装于绝缘外壳。
在根据第一方面的一种可能的实施方式中，所述第一接触部、所述第二接触部、所述弹簧部和所述安装凸耳形成为一体。
通过采用上述技术方案，这样的构造能够简化内导体制造工艺，有利于本申请的电连接器的大规模工业生产。
在根据第一方面的一种可能的实施方式中，包括多个所述内导体，多个所述内导体彼此间隔开地布置。
通过采用上述技术方案，使得电连接器能够适用于具有多对电连接触点的电子器件之间的电性导通。
在根据第一方面的一种可能的实施方式中，多个所述内导体成阵列地布置。
通过采用上述技术方案，提供了一种多个弹簧部的典型构造，这种布局不仅有利于大规模工业生产。而且在传输相同数量和种类的信号的情况下，能够优化电连接器的布局，节省电连接器所占用的空间，进而改善了与电连接器配合的例如电路板的电子器件的表面利用率。
在根据第一方面的一种可能的实施方式中，还包括安装部，所述安装部与所述绝缘外壳形成为一体，用于所述绝缘外壳安装于所述电子器件。
通过采用上述技术方案，有利于电连接器实现电子器件电性导通的状态下的安装稳定性。
在根据第一方面的一种可能的实施方式中，所述第一接触部、所述第二接触部和所述弹簧部由板材一体形成。
通过采用上述技术方案，这样的构造能够简化内导体的制造工艺，有利于本申请的电连接器的大规模工业生产。
第二方面，本申请的实施例提供了一种电子组件，包括以上技术方案中任意一项技术方案所述的电连接器。
通过采用上述技术方案，提供了本申请的电连接器的一种典型的应用场景。
在根据第二方面的一种可能的实施方式中，还包括第一电路板和第二电路板，所述第一电路板具有第一电子触点，所述第二电路板具有第二电子触点，所述第二电子触点与所述第一电子触点成对布置，所述电连接器的第一接触部抵接所述第一电子触点，所述电连接器的第二接触部抵接所述第二电子触点。
通过采用上述技术方案，在本申请的电子组件中，电连接器能够以简单的方式实现第一电路板和第二电路板之间的电性导通。
第三方面，本申请的实施例提供了一种电子设备，包括以上技术方案中任意一项技术方案所述的电子组件。
通过采用上述技术方案，提供了本申请的电子组件的一种典型的应用场景。
在根据第三方面的一种可能的实施方式中，所述电子设备为通信基站。
有益效果：通过采用上述技术方案，提供了本申请的电子设备的典型示例。
在根据第三方面的一种可能的实施方式中，所述电子设备为用于传输电信号、射频信号和/或高速信号的电子设备。
通过采用上述技术方案，本申请的电子设备能够适用多种信号传输，尤其适用于在射频信号传输领域，特别适用于高速信号的传输。
本申请的这些和其他方面在以下(多个)实施例的描述中会更加简明易懂。
附图说明
包含在说明书中并且构成说明书的一部分的附图与说明书一起示出了本申请的示例性实施例、特征和方面，并且用于解释本申请的原理。
图1A是示出了根据本申请的第一实施例的电连接器的立体示意图。
图1B是示出了图1A中的电连接器的另一立体示意图。
图1C是示出了图1A中的电连接器的分解结构示意图。
图1D是示出了图1A中的电连接器的绝缘外壳的分解结构示意图。
图1E是示出了图1A中的电连接器的内导体的立体示意图。
图2A是示出了根据本申请的第二实施例的电连接器的立体示意图。
图2B是示出了图2A中的电连接器的分解结构示意图。
图3A是示出了根据本申请的第三实施例的电连接器的立体示意图。
图3B是示出了图3A中的电连接器的另一立体示意图。
图3C是示出了图3A中的电连接器的分解结构示意图。
图3D是示出了图3A中的电连接器的俯视示意图。
图3E是示出了图3A中的电连接器的侧视示意图。
图4A是示出了根据本申请的第四实施例的电连接器的分解结构示意图。
图4B是示出了图4A中的电连接器的俯视示意图。
图4C是示出了图4A中的电连接器的仰视示意图。
图4D是示出了图4A中的电连接器的侧视示意图。
图5是示出了根据本申请的一实施例的电子组件的结构示意图。
附图标记说明
EC电连接器；
1绝缘外壳；1h安装孔；11第一壳体部；111第一筒状部；112第一渐缩部；12
第二壳体部；121第二筒状部；122第二渐缩部；13凸台；14安装部；
2内导体；21第一接触部；22第二接触部；23弹簧部；231直臂部；231a第
一直臂部；231b第二直臂部；232弯曲部；232c缺口；24安装凸耳；
3外导体；31主体部；32弹性接触部；
C压缩方向；
P1第一电路板；P2第二电路板。
具体实施方式
以下将参考附图详细说明本申请的各种示例性实施例、特征和方面。附图中相同的附图标记表示功能相同或相似的元件。尽管在附图中示出了实施例的各种方面，但是除非特别指出，不必按比例绘制附图。另外，本申请的附图用于示意性地示出各部分结构的相对位置关系，而并不用于精确示出各部分的具体尺寸和相互连接关系。
在这里专用的词“示例性”意为“用作例子、实施例或说明性”。这里作为“示例性”所说明的任何实施例不必解释为优于或好于其它实施例。
另外，为了更好的说明本申请，在下文的具体实施例中给出了众多的具体细节。本领域技术人员应当理解，没有某些具体细节，本申请同样可以实施。在一些实例中，对于本领域技术人员熟知的方法、手段、元件未作详细描述，以便于凸显本申请的主旨。
在本申请中，如无特殊说明，“压缩方向”是指当本申请的电连接器的第一接触部和第二接触部与电路板抵接时，在电连接器的弹簧部处于被挤压的状态下弹簧部的压缩方向。
以下首先说明本申请的电连接器的技术构思，本申请通过采用绝缘外壳以及安装于绝缘外壳的内导体，构建了用于实现电子器件之间电性导通的电连接器。该电连接器的组成部件少，因而结构简单，有利于大规模工业生产。而且，本申请的电连接器的尺寸较小，从而能够适用于电子器件之间距离(例如电路板之间的配高)较小的场合，用作弹簧部的波浪型弹簧部具有较大的可压缩能力，从而能够补偿较大的距离误差(容差)。
以下首先结合说明书附图说明根据本申请的第一实施例的电连接器的结构。
(根据本申请的第一实施例的电连接器)
如图1A至图1E所示，根据本申请的第一实施例的电连接器EC包括组装在一起的绝缘外壳1和内导体2。内导体2安装于绝缘外壳1，用于实现电子器件之间的电性导通。
在本实施例中，绝缘外壳1可以由例如塑胶等绝缘材料制成，使得绝缘外壳1在能够保护内导体2的状态下提供足够的绝缘性能。上述塑胶可以为射频领域内常用的介电常数较低的材料，例如聚四氟乙烯、亚苯基对苯二甲酰胺、聚乙烯亚胺和聚醚醚酮等材料。具体地，如图1A至图1D所示，绝缘外壳1包括固定在一起的第一壳体部11和第二壳体部12，第一壳体部11和第二壳体部12连接在一起构成绝缘外壳1，并在绝缘外壳1的内部限定了安装孔1h，该安装孔1h用于供内导体2插入穿过。
如图1A至图1D所示，第一壳体部11包括形成为一体的第一筒状部111和第一渐缩部112。第一筒状部111具有中空的圆筒形状，第一筒状部111的外径始终保持不变。第一渐缩部112从第一筒状部111朝向远离第二壳体部12的方向延伸，第一渐缩部112的外径从第一筒状部111逐渐减小。第二壳体部12包括形成为一体的第二筒状部121和第二渐缩部122。第二筒状部121具有中空的圆筒形状，第二筒状部121的外径始终保持不变并且与第一筒状部111的外径相等。第二渐缩部122从第二筒状部121朝向远离第一壳体部11的方向延伸，第二渐缩部122的外径从第二筒状部121逐渐减小。
为了在内导体2的安装凸耳24插入第一壳体部11和第二壳体部12之间的状态下，第一壳体部11和第二壳体部12能够稳定夹着安装凸耳24，如图1C所示，第一壳体部11在第一筒状部111的壁部可以形成有朝向安装孔1h内凸出的两个凸台13，第二壳体部12在第二筒状部121的壁部可以形成有朝向安装孔1h内凸出的两个凸台13。位于第一筒状部111的凸台13与位于第二筒状部121的凸台13成对布置，使得成对的凸台13能够夹着对应的安装凸耳24。
如上所述地，绝缘外壳1形成有贯通的安装孔1h。如图1C和图1D所示，该安装孔1h在第一壳体部11的第一筒状部111处形成为大致圆柱形状，该安装孔1h在第一壳体部11的第一渐缩部112处形成为立方体形状。该安装孔1h在第二壳体部12的第二筒状部121处形成为大致圆柱形状，该安装孔1h在第二壳体部12的第二渐缩部122处形成为立方体形状。该安装孔1h在不同部位形成的形状与弹簧部23的外轮廓具有适配关系，使得在安装孔1h内弹簧部23的至少部分外轮廓部抵靠绝缘外壳1的壁部，并且使得弹簧部23被绝缘外壳1的壁部限位。由此，能够使得内导体2被稳定地安装于绝缘外壳1。
另外，为了使得第一壳体部11和第二壳体部12能够实现稳定且牢靠的固定连接，可以采用热铆接、焊接(例如激光焊接)、卡接(例如机械扣搭连接)、干涉配合或者其它连接方式，来实现第一壳体部11和第二壳体部12的固定连接。
在本实施例中，如图1A至图1C和图1E所示，内导体2包括彼此固定的第一接触部21、第二接触部22和弹簧部23。弹簧部23位于第一接触部21和第二接触部22之间，弹簧部23的一部分收纳于安装孔1h内。而第一接触部21和第二接触部22从绝缘外壳1的安装孔1h伸出，以位于绝缘外壳1的外部，第一接触部21和第二接触部22用于与电子器件抵接来实现电性导通。具体地，弹簧部23可以包括由金属材料 制成的基体和涂覆于基体外表面的防护层。通过金属材料的基体使得弹簧部23具有足够的结构强度和导电性能，通过防护层能够提高耐磨性、耐腐蚀性和\或改善导电性能。基体的金属材料可以为铍铜、磷铜、黄铜、高导铜和钢材等，防护层可以利用金、银、二元合金和三元合金等通过电镀的方式实现。
如图1C和图1E所示，弹簧部23形成为波浪型弹簧。在本实施例中，通过使板材冲压和多次折弯来形成波浪型弹簧。该波浪型弹簧包括多个折弯单元，每个折弯单元包括两个直臂部231和一个弯曲部232。每个直臂部231形成为平板形状，弯曲部232形成为弧形弯曲板状。两个直臂部231分别与弯曲部232的两端相连且彼此间隔开，相邻的两个折弯单元共用一个直臂部231。这种波浪型弹簧的结构简单，易于实现，有利于大规模工业生产。而且在第一接触部21和第二接触部22抵接电子器件并且波浪型弹簧处于被电子器件挤压的状态下，波浪型弹簧的多个折弯单元的弯曲部能够分摊应力，进而改善内导体2的可压缩能力和抗屈服能力。
如图1C和图1E所示，在本实施例中，波浪型弹簧包括八个折弯单元。对于除了位于弹簧部23的两端部的折弯单元之外的其它折弯单元，如图1C和图1E所示，每一个折弯单元的两个直臂部231从弯曲部232延伸的过程中彼此远离。由此，每一个折弯单元的两个直臂部231所在的平面相交形成了夹角α，该夹角α为锐角并且可以满足例如0度≤α≤10度。这样，在不影响波浪型弹簧的抗屈服能力的情况下改善了波浪型弹簧的可压缩能力，提高了波浪型弹簧能够被压缩的压缩量。另外，在波浪型弹簧的八个折弯单元中，中央的四个折弯单元位于绝缘外壳1形成的安装孔1h的与第一筒状部111和第二筒状部121对应的部分，靠两侧的另外四个折弯单元位于绝缘外壳1形成的安装孔1h的与第一渐缩部112和第二渐缩部122对应的部分。由于安装孔1h的与第一筒状部111和第二筒状部121对应的部分的尺寸较大，因而位于中央的四个折弯单元的宽度对应较大。这里,折弯单元的宽度方向可以对应于形成弹簧部23或内导体2的金属板的宽度方向。对于位于中央的四个折弯单元，每一个折弯单元的弯曲部232的宽度方向中央处形成有缺口232c。这样，一方面，即使在宽度较大的折弯单元的弯曲部232形成缺口232c，整个弹簧部23仍然具有足够的结构强度；另一方面，波浪型弹簧在压缩过程中，能够在缺口232c处释放压缩过程中产生的部分应力，从而提高波浪型弹簧的使用寿命。
进一步地，如图1C和图1E所示，弹簧部23包括位于其两端的第一直臂部231a和第二直臂部231b。第一直臂部231a所在的平面可以与弹簧部23的压缩方向C垂直，第一接触部21固定于第一直臂部231a。第二直臂部231b所在的平面可以与弹簧部23的压缩方向C垂直，第二接触部22固定于第二直臂部231b。这样，在例如电路板等的电子器件与第一接触部21和第二接触部22接触且弹簧部23被电子器件挤压的情况下，能够保证弹簧部23被沿着压缩方向C稳定地压缩。
进一步地，如图1C和图1E所示，第一接触部21形成为从第一直臂部231a朝向远离第二直臂部231b的方向凸出的部分球体，第二接触部22形成为从第二直臂部231b朝向远离第一直臂部231a的方向凸出的部分球体。第一接触部21的部分球体对应的球心与第二接触部22的部分球体对应的球心的连线可以与弹簧部23的压缩方向C所在的直线一致，有利于电连接器EC与电子器件接触的稳定性。
在本实施例中，如图1C和图1E所示，电连接器EC还包括安装凸耳24。两个安装凸耳24固定于弹簧部23的一个直臂部231且分别位于该直臂部231的两侧。两个安装凸耳24插入绝缘外壳1的第一壳体部11和第二壳体部12两者的凸台13之间，使得电连接器EC安装于绝缘外壳1。在本实施例中，第一接触部21、第二接触部22、弹簧部23和安装凸耳24可以形成为一体，这样的构造能够简化了内导体2的制造工艺，有利于电连接器EC的大规模工业生产。可以理解，可以在第一壳体部11的朝向第二壳体部12的端面和/或第二壳体部12的朝向第一壳体部11的端面设置用于容纳安装凸耳24的凹槽或凹陷部。
进一步地，本申请的发明人通过试验验证了根据本申请的第一实施例的电连接器EC在实现电子器件的电性导通的状态下传输三种典型频率信号(2.6GHz、3.5GHz、4.9GHz)时的插入损耗和回波损耗。通过试验可知，无论电子器件的间距是否存在允许范围的误差，根据本申请的第一实施例的电连接器EC在实现电子器件的电性导通的状态下传输三种典型频率信号时的插入损耗和回波损耗均较低。进一步地，本申请的发明人通过试验验证了根据本申请的第一实施例的电连接器EC的弹簧部23在压缩方向C上的压缩量与接触部21、22和电子器件之间的接触力之间的关系。通过试验可知，根据本申请的第一实施例的电连接器EC的弹簧部23在压缩方向C上的压缩量与接触部21、22和电子器件之间的接触力具有较理想正相关系数，在弹簧部23被压缩的状态下能够在接触部21、22和电子器件之间提供足够的接触力。而且，弹簧部23预留有足够的压缩余量，保证在长期压缩或多次压缩之后，还能够提供稳定且足够的弹簧力。也就是说，弹簧部23在自然状态下的长度在使用前后基本保持不点，长度尺寸稳定不会产生大幅的塑性变形而导致变短。
以下结合说明书附图说明根据本申请的第二实施例的电连接器的结构。
(根据本申请的第二实施例的电连接器)
如图2A和图2B所示，根据本申请的第二实施例的电连接器EC的结构与根据本申请的第一实施例的电连接器EC的结构类似，以下主要说明两者之间的不同之处。
在本实施例中，如图2A和图2B所示，与第一实施例相比最主要的区别在于弹簧部23具有更多个(十个)折弯单元，这样使得弹簧部23能够适配间距较大的两个电子器件，而且具有更大的可压缩能力，从而能够补偿更大的间距误差。另外，在本实施例中，第一壳体部11在第一筒状部111的两侧均形成有第一渐缩部112，使得相比第一实施例改变了绝缘外壳1的形状。实际上，绝缘外壳1的形状可以根据需要进行调整，并不影响本申请的电连接器EC实现所需的功能。
以下结合说明书附图说明根据本申请的第三实施例的电连接器的结构。
(根据本申请的第三实施例的电连接器)
如图3A至图3E所示，根据本申请的第三实施例的电连接器EC的结构与根据本申请的第一实施例的电连接器EC的结构类似，以下主要说明两者之间的不同之处。
在本实施例中，如图3A至图3E所示，与第一实施例相比最主要的区别在于，根据本实施例的电连接器EC还包括外导体3。具体地，外导体3由例如与内导体2相同的金属材料制成。外导体3包括形成为一体的主体部31和多个弹性接触部32。主体部31具有圆筒形状，绝缘外壳1位于主体部31内，绝缘外壳1可以例如通过与主体 部31实现过盈配合而固定于主体部31内。另外，弹性接触部32设置于主体部31的轴向两端。在本实施例中，在主体部31的轴向任一端处都存在十二个弹性接触部32，在主体部31的轴向任一端的十二个弹性接触部32在主体部31的周向上间隔开地均匀分布。每个弹性接触部32的一部分通过多次弯折形成为波浪形状，因此每个弹性接触部32也可以视为一个波浪型弹簧。这样，外导体3和内导体2通过绝缘外壳1实现绝缘，并且外导体3能够与内导体2在同样的压缩方向C上发生弹性变形并提供相应的弹性力。另外，如此构造的外导体3的结构简单且易于实现，有利于大规模工业生产。
进一步地，为了改善传输射频信号的能力，在本实施例中，外导体3与内导体2同轴配置。在本实施例中，外导体3的中心轴线为外导体3的主体部31的中心轴线；内导体2的中心轴线是指内导体2的第一接触部21的部分球体的顶点和第二接触部22的部分球体的顶点之间的连线(该连线的延伸方向与压缩方向C一致)，该连线与绝缘外壳1的中心轴线一致。因此，外导体3与内导体2同轴布置是指外导体3的主体部31的中心轴线与内导体2的中心轴线一致(在同一条直线上)，在这种情况下绝缘外壳1实际上与外导体3和内导体2也实现同轴布置。可以理解，在本申请的不同的实施例中，外导体3和内导体2的中心轴线可以根据其构造相应地确定。
由此，根据本实施例的电连接器EC不仅能够实现本申请的第一实施例和第二实施例中说明的有益效果，而且由于设置有与内导体2同轴布置的外导体3，因而改善了电连接器EC传输射频信号的能力。
以下结合说明书附图说明根据本申请的第四实施例的电连接器的结构。
(根据本申请的第四实施例的电连接器)
如图4A至图4D所示，根据本申请的第四实施例的电连接器EC的结构与根据本申请的第一实施例的电连接器EC的结构相比存在较大改变，以下主要说明两者之间的不同之处。
在本实施例中，如图4A至图4D所示，与第一实施例相比最主要的区别在于包括多个(五十个)内导体2。每一个内导体2可以与第一实施例中说明的内导体2具有相同的构造，多个内导体2呈矩阵阵列的方式彼此间隔开地布置，使得电连接器EC能够适用于具有大量成对的电连接触点的电子器件之间的电性导通。另外，为了安装这些内导体2，绝缘外壳1包括板状的第一壳体部11和板状的第二壳体部12，第一壳体部11能够扣合到第二壳体部12上构建了绝缘外壳1。此外，在本实施例中，电连接器EC还包括安装部14，安装部14与绝缘外壳1的第二壳体部12形成为一体，用于绝缘外壳1固定安装于电子器件。具体地，安装部14可以从第二壳体部12朝向远离第一壳体部11的方向伸出的两个安装柱，这两个安装柱能够插入例如电路板等的电子器件的对应的安装孔内，由此有利于电连接器EC实现电子器件电性导通的状态下的稳定性。
以上内容对本申请的具体实施方式的示例性实施例及相关的变型例进行了阐述，以下进行补充说明。
i.可以理解，在不存在彼此冲突或矛盾的情况下，本申请的各实施例中的特征能够彼此结合来构成新的技术方案。
ii.本申请还提供了一种电子组件。如图5所示，根据本申请的一实施例的电子 组件包括第一电路板P1、第二电路板P2和根据本申请的电连接器EC。第一电路板P1可以具有第一电子触点，第二电路板P2可以具有第二电子触点，第二电子触点与第一电子触点成对布置。根据本申请的电连接器EC的第一接触部21抵接第一电子触点，电连接器EC的第二接触部22抵接第二电子触点。这样，在本申请的电子组件中，电连接器EC能够以简单的方式实现第一电路板P1和第二电路板P2之间的电性导通，而且能够利用电连接器EC补偿板间距离的误差。在根据本申请的电子组件中，第一电路板P1和第二电路板P2可以彼此平行。
另外，本申请的电连接器EC不仅适用于例如第一电路板P1和第二电路板P2两个单板之间的信号传输，还适用于单板内部或者单板与模块之间的信号传输。所传输的信号可以是低速信号、电信号、射频信号或高速信号(频率大于50MHz的信号)，尤其适于传输射频信号和高速信号。
iii.本申请还提供了一种电子设备，该电子设备包括如上所述的电子组件。本申请的电子设备可以是但是不限于通信基站。通信基站可以是频分、时分双工基站和多入多出基站，也可以是射频处理单元小站。
iv.可以理解，在本申请的技术方案中弹簧部23形成为波浪型弹簧的情况下，折弯单元的数量以及折弯单元的直臂部231和弯曲部232的尺寸和形状等都可以根据实际需要进行调整。这样，可以得到适配不同场合的电连接器EC。
v.在本申请的第四实施例的变型例中，内导体2的数量可以根据需要进行调整，而且这些内导体2可以采用环形阵列或者其它形状的阵列的方式排列，也可以采用非阵列的方式进行排列。
vi.在本申请中，可以理解，第一接触部21和第二接触部22可以是在弹簧部23的第一直臂部231a和第二直臂部231b直接冲压出的球体，也可以是通过其它方式设置于第一直臂部231a和第二直臂部231b的球体。可以理解，第一接触部21和/或第二接触部22不必须是球体或者部分球体，第一接触部21和/或第二接触部22还可以是其它形状或构造的凸起。
vii.在使用本申请的电连接器EC实现电子器件之间的电性导通的情况下，可以与其它导电构件配合使用。
尽管在此结合各实施例对本申请进行了描述，然而，在实施所要求保护的本申请过程中，本领域技术人员通过查看附图、公开内容、以及所附权利要求书，可理解并实现所公开实施例的其它变化。在权利要求中，“包括”一词不排除其他组成部分或步骤，“一”或“一个”不排除多个的情况。相互不同的从属权利要求中记载了某些措施，但这并不表示这些措施不能组合起来产生良好的效果。
以上已经描述了本申请的各实施例，上述说明是示例性的，并非穷尽性的，并且也不限于所披露的各实施例。在不偏离所说明的各实施例的范围和精神的情况下，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说许多修改和变更都是显而易见的。本文中所用术语的选择，旨在最好地解释各实施例的原理、实际应用或对市场中的技术的改进，或者使本技术领域的其它普通技术人员能理解本文披露的各实施例。

Claims (24)

  1. 一种电连接器，用于实现电子器件之间的电性导通，其特征在于，所述电连接器包括：
    绝缘外壳，其内部形成有安装孔；以及
    内导体，其安装于所述安装孔中，所述内导体包括彼此固定的第一接触部、第二接触部和弹簧部，所述第一接触部和所述第二接触部位于所述绝缘外壳的外部，所述弹簧部形成为波浪型弹簧，所述弹簧部位于所述第一接触部和所述第二接触部之间，所述弹簧部的至少一部分收纳于所述安装孔内。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电连接器，其特征在于，通过使板材多次折弯来形成所述波浪型弹簧。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电连接器，其特征在于，所述弹簧部包括多个折弯单元，每个折弯单元包括弯曲部和两个直臂部，所述两个直臂部分别与所述弯曲部的两端相连且彼此间隔开，相邻的两个所述折弯单元共用一个所述直臂部。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电连接器，其特征在于，对于所述多个折弯单元中的至少一个折弯单元，所述两个直臂部所在的平面相交所成的夹角为α，满足0度≤α≤10度。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的电连接器，其特征在于，对于所述多个折弯单元中的至少一个折弯单元，所述弯曲部形成有缺口。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的电连接器，其特征在于，所述弹簧部包括位于其两端的第一直臂部和第二直臂部，
    所述第一直臂部所在的平面与所述弹簧部的压缩方向垂直，所述第一接触部固定于所述第一直臂部，并且
    所述第二直臂部所在的平面与所述压缩方向垂直，所述第二接触部固定于所述第二直臂部。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电连接器，其特征在于，
    所述第一接触部被形成为从所述第一直臂部朝向远离所述第二直臂部的方向凸出的部分球体，并且
    所述第二接触部被形成为从所述第二直臂部朝向远离所述第一直臂部的方向凸出的部分球体。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的电连接器，其特征在于，还包括外导体，其位于所述绝缘外壳的外侧且与所述绝缘外壳相对固定，所述外导体与所述内导体同轴配置。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电连接器，其特征在于，所述外导体包括主体部和多个弹性接触部，所述主体部具有圆筒形状，所述多个弹性接触部设置于所述主体部的轴向两端，所述绝缘外壳固定于所述主体部内。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电连接器，其特征在于，在所述主体部的轴向任一端处，所述多个弹性接触部在所述主体部的周向上间隔开地均匀分布，每个所述弹性接触部通过多次弯折形成为波浪形状。
  11. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的电连接器，其特征在于，所述弹簧部包括由金属材料制成的基体和涂覆于所述基体外表面的防护层。
  12. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的电连接器，其特征在于，还包括安装凸耳，所述安装凸耳固定于所述弹簧部且插入所述绝缘外壳，使得所述电连接器安装于所述绝缘外壳。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电连接器，其特征在于，所述绝缘外壳包括第一壳体部和第二壳体部，所述安装凸耳插入所述第一壳体部和所述第二壳体部之间，所述第一壳体部和所述第二壳体部以夹着所述安装凸耳的状态固定在一起。
  14. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的电连接器，其特征在于，在所述安装孔内，所述弹簧部的部分外轮廓部抵靠所述绝缘外壳的壁部。
  15. 根据权利要求12所述的电连接器，其特征在于，所述第一接触部、所述第二接触部、所述弹簧部和所述安装凸耳形成为一体。
  16. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的电连接器，其特征在于，包括多个所述内导体，多个所述内导体彼此间隔开地布置。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的电连接器，其特征在于，多个所述内导体成阵列地布置。
  18. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的电连接器，其特征在于，还包括安装部，所述安装部与所述绝缘外壳形成为一体，用于所述绝缘外壳安装于所述电子器件。
  19. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的电连接器，其特征在于，所述第一接触部、所述第二接触部和所述弹簧部由板材一体形成。
  20. 一种电子组件，其特征在于，包括权利要求1至19中任一项所述的电连接器。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的电子组件，其特征在于，还包括第一电路板和第二电 路板，所述第一电路板具有第一电子触点，所述第二电路板具有第二电子触点，所述第二电子触点与所述第一电子触点成对布置，所述电连接器的第一接触部抵接所述第一电子触点，所述电连接器的第二接触部抵接所述第二电子触点。
  22. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括权利要求20或21所述的电子组件。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述电子设备为通信基站。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述电子设备为用于传输电信号、射频信号和/或高速信号的电子设备。
PCT/CN2023/102137 2022-11-08 2023-06-25 电连接器、电子组件及电子设备 WO2024098768A1 (zh)

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