WO2024087168A1 - 扬声器 - Google Patents

扬声器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024087168A1
WO2024087168A1 PCT/CN2022/128249 CN2022128249W WO2024087168A1 WO 2024087168 A1 WO2024087168 A1 WO 2024087168A1 CN 2022128249 W CN2022128249 W CN 2022128249W WO 2024087168 A1 WO2024087168 A1 WO 2024087168A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sound
diaphragm
speaker
sound absorbing
cavity
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Application number
PCT/CN2022/128249
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周文兵
张磊
齐心
廖风云
顾善勇
Original Assignee
深圳市韶音科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 深圳市韶音科技有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市韶音科技有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2022/128249 priority Critical patent/WO2024087168A1/zh
Publication of WO2024087168A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024087168A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of acoustic devices, and in particular to a loudspeaker with a sound-absorbing pipe disposed on the shell.
  • speakers e.g., headphones
  • speakers have become an indispensable social and entertainment tool in people's daily lives, and people's requirements for speakers are getting higher and higher.
  • existing speakers still have many problems, such as complex structure and poor sound quality. Therefore, it is desirable to provide a speaker with a simple structure and high acoustic performance to meet the needs of users.
  • a loudspeaker comprising: a diaphragm, which vibrates to generate air-conducted sound waves; and a shell, the shell forming a housing cavity for accommodating the diaphragm, the diaphragm dividing the housing cavity to form a front cavity and a rear cavity, the shell being provided with a sound outlet hole connected to the front cavity, at least part of the air-conducted sound waves being transmitted to the outside of the loudspeaker through the sound outlet hole, wherein the shell being provided with a sound absorbing duct, the sound absorbing duct being connected to at least one cavity in the front cavity and the rear cavity, the sound absorbing duct being used to absorb sound waves of a target frequency in the air-conducted sound waves, wherein the length of the sound absorbing duct is in the range of 3/20-2/5 of the wavelength of the sound waves of the target frequency.
  • the vibration of the diaphragm has an original resonant frequency, and the difference between the original resonant frequency and the target frequency is within 300 Hz.
  • the target frequency is in the range of 3kHz-20kHz.
  • the front cavity is connected to the sound outlet hole through a sound guiding channel, and the sound absorbing pipe is connected to the sound guiding channel through the front cavity.
  • the shell includes a front cavity plate, a rear cavity plate, and a side plate, and one end of the sound absorbing duct includes a sound inlet.
  • the speaker also includes a driving unit, which is used to generate vibration based on an electrical signal and drive the diaphragm to vibrate, wherein the driving unit is arranged in the rear cavity, and the driving unit cooperates with the rear cavity plate to divide the rear cavity into a first rear cavity and a second rear cavity, wherein the second rear cavity is composed of the driving unit and the rear cavity plate.
  • a driving unit which is used to generate vibration based on an electrical signal and drive the diaphragm to vibrate
  • the driving unit is arranged in the rear cavity
  • the driving unit cooperates with the rear cavity plate to divide the rear cavity into a first rear cavity and a second rear cavity, wherein the second rear cavity is composed of the driving unit and the rear cavity plate.
  • the sound absorbing pipe is disposed in the rear cavity plate and communicates with the first rear cavity through the sound inlet.
  • the sound absorbing pipe is disposed in the front cavity plate and communicates with the front cavity through the sound inlet.
  • the other end of the sound absorbing pipe is closed.
  • the sound inlet is located within a projection of the diaphragm along its vibration direction.
  • the diaphragm includes a folding ring portion and a fixed end, and the sound inlet is opposite to the folding ring portion.
  • a projection of the sound absorbing duct along the vibration direction of the diaphragm includes a meandering structure or a folded structure.
  • the speaker further includes a driving unit, and the meandering structure is disposed around the driving unit on a projection plane along a vibration direction of the driving unit.
  • the sound absorbing duct includes one or more sub-sound absorbing ducts, and the one or more sub-sound absorbing ducts are connected to the front cavity or the rear cavity through a sound inlet respectively.
  • the plurality of sub-sound absorbing pipes are symmetrically distributed along a central axis of the speaker.
  • At least two of the plurality of sub-sound absorbing ducts absorb sound waves of the same or different frequencies in the air-conducted sound waves.
  • the equivalent length of the sound absorbing pipe is in the range of 4 mm to 28 mm.
  • the equivalent diameter of the sound absorbing pipe is not less than 0.05 mm.
  • the front cavity is connected to the sound outlet hole through a sound guiding channel
  • the sound absorbing pipe is arranged on the side wall of the sound guiding channel and is connected to the sound guiding channel through a sound inlet provided at one end.
  • the sound absorbing duct comprises a 1/4 wavelength resonant tube.
  • FIG1 is a block diagram of an exemplary speaker according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • FIG2 is a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary sound-absorbing duct according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an exemplary speaker according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • FIG4 is a frequency response curve of an exemplary speaker according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • FIG5 is a frequency response curve of an exemplary speaker according to some other embodiments of the present specification.
  • FIG6A is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of an exemplary sound-absorbing duct according to some embodiments of the present specification
  • FIG6B is a schematic diagram of a cross-section taken along line A-A of the sound absorbing pipe in FIG6A according to some embodiments of the present specification;
  • FIG6C is a schematic diagram of a cross-section taken along line A-A of the sound absorbing pipe in FIG6A according to other embodiments of the present specification;
  • FIG7A is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of an exemplary sound-absorbing duct according to some embodiments of the present specification
  • FIG. 7B is a schematic diagram of a B-B cross-section of the sound absorbing pipe in FIG. 7A according to some embodiments of the present specification;
  • FIG7C is a schematic diagram of a B-B cross-section of the sound absorbing pipe in FIG7A according to other embodiments of the present specification;
  • FIG7D is a schematic diagram of a B-B cross-section of the sound absorbing pipe in FIG7A according to other embodiments of the present specification;
  • FIG. 7E is a schematic diagram of a B-B cross-section of the sound absorbing pipe in FIG. 7A according to other embodiments of the present specification;
  • FIG8A is a schematic diagram of the structure of an exemplary speaker according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • FIG8B is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional view of the sound absorbing pipe taken along line A-A in FIG8A according to some embodiments of the present specification;
  • FIG9A is a schematic diagram of the structure of an exemplary speaker according to other embodiments of the present specification.
  • FIG9B is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional view of the sound absorbing pipe taken along line A-A in FIG9A according to some embodiments of the present specification;
  • FIG10A is a schematic diagram of the structure of an exemplary speaker according to other embodiments of the present specification.
  • FIG. 10B is a schematic diagram of a cross-section taken along line A-A of the sound absorbing pipe in FIG. 10A according to some embodiments of the present specification;
  • FIG11A is a schematic structural diagram of an exemplary speaker according to other embodiments of the present specification.
  • FIG. 11B is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional view of the sound absorbing pipe taken along line A-A in FIG. 11A according to some embodiments of the present specification;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an exemplary speaker according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • system means for distinguishing different components, elements, parts, portions or assemblies at different levels.
  • device means for distinguishing different components, elements, parts, portions or assemblies at different levels.
  • unit means for distinguishing different components, elements, parts, portions or assemblies at different levels.
  • the words can be replaced by other expressions.
  • connection can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can refer to the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined.
  • connection can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can refer to the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined.
  • the loudspeaker provided in the embodiments of the present specification may include a diaphragm, a shell and a sound absorbing pipe.
  • the diaphragm may vibrate to generate air-conducted sound waves.
  • the shell may form a housing cavity for accommodating the diaphragm.
  • the diaphragm divides the housing cavity to form a front cavity and a rear cavity.
  • the shell is provided with a sound outlet hole connected to the front cavity, and at least part of the air-conducted sound waves are transmitted to the outside of the loudspeaker through the sound outlet hole.
  • a sound absorbing pipe is provided on the shell.
  • the sound absorbing pipe is connected to at least one cavity in the front cavity and the rear cavity, and the sound absorbing pipe is used to absorb the sound waves of the target frequency in the air-conducted sound waves.
  • the sound absorbing pipe is connected to at least one cavity in the front cavity and the rear cavity, and the sound absorbing pipe is used to absorb the sound waves of the target frequency in the air-conducted sound waves, so that the frequency response curve of the loudspeaker is flatter, thereby improving the acoustic performance of the loudspeaker.
  • the vibration state of the diaphragm in the loudspeaker can be affected, thereby adjusting the frequency response curve of the loudspeaker, and achieving the effect of the speaker's own structural filtering.
  • Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary loudspeaker according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • the loudspeaker 100 may include a diaphragm 110, a housing 120 and a sound absorbing duct 130.
  • the diaphragm 110 can vibrate to generate air-conducted sound waves.
  • the diaphragm 110 can directly receive an electrical signal and convert the electrical signal into a vibration signal.
  • the diaphragm 110 may include a piezoelectric diaphragm, an electrostatic drive diaphragm, etc.
  • the diaphragm 110 is also a drive unit.
  • the speaker 100 may include a drive unit (for example, the drive unit 170 in Figure 3). The drive unit can receive an electrical signal and convert the electrical signal into a vibration signal.
  • the drive unit can transmit the vibration signal to the diaphragm 110, for example, through a vibration transfer unit, thereby driving the diaphragm 110 to vibrate.
  • the drive unit may include a moving coil drive unit, a moving iron drive unit, an electrostatic drive unit, a piezoelectric drive unit, etc.
  • the present application will be described in a manner in which the diaphragm and the drive unit are independently arranged, which does not limit the scope of the present application.
  • the housing 120 may form a housing cavity for accommodating other components of the speaker 100 (e.g., the diaphragm 110, the drive unit, etc.).
  • the diaphragm 110 may separate the housing cavity into a front cavity and a rear cavity.
  • the housing 120 may be provided with a sound outlet hole connected to the front cavity. At least part of the air-conducted sound waves generated by the vibration of the diaphragm 110 may be transmitted to the outside of the speaker 100 through the sound outlet hole.
  • a sound absorbing pipe 130 may be provided on the housing 120.
  • the sound absorbing pipe is connected to at least one of the front cavity and the rear cavity, and is used to absorb sound waves of a target frequency in the air-conducted sound waves.
  • the sound absorbing pipe 130 may have a sound absorbing effect.
  • the sound absorbing pipe 130 please refer to other places in this application (for example, Figures 2-5, Figures 6A-12, etc. and their descriptions).
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an exemplary sound absorbing duct according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • the sound absorbing duct 130 may include a sound wave reflecting surface 134 and a sound absorbing duct sound inlet 132.
  • the incident sound wave 220 emitted by the sound source 210 may enter the sound absorbing duct 130 from the sound absorbing duct sound inlet 132 and propagate along the positive direction of the x-axis in the sound absorbing duct 130. Further, the incident sound wave 220 is reflected after reaching the sound wave reflecting surface 134 to form a reflected sound wave 230, wherein the reflection direction of the reflected sound wave 230 is opposite to the incident direction of the incident sound wave 220.
  • the location of the sound wave reflection surface 134 is defined as the origin O of the x-axis, then the sound pressure P i of the incident sound wave 220 and the sound pressure P r of the reflected sound wave 230 can be expressed as:
  • Pai is the sound pressure amplitude of the incident sound wave 220
  • Par is the sound pressure amplitude of the reflected sound wave 230
  • ⁇ is the vibration circular frequency
  • t is time
  • k is the wave number
  • x is the coordinate of the sound wave on the x-axis.
  • the total sound pressure P in the sound absorbing duct 130 can be expressed as:
  • r p is the sound pressure reflection coefficient
  • ⁇ is the phase difference between the reflected sound wave 230 and the incident sound wave 220 at the sound wave reflecting surface 134
  • ⁇ is the wavelength of the sound wave.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an exemplary speaker according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • the speaker 100 may include a diaphragm 110, a housing 120, a sound absorbing duct 130, a front cavity 140, a rear cavity 150, a vibration transfer unit 160, and a drive unit 170.
  • the housing 120 may form a housing cavity for accommodating one or more components of the speaker 100 (e.g., the diaphragm 110, the drive unit 170, etc.).
  • the diaphragm 110 may include a folding ring portion 111 and a fixed end 112. The diaphragm 110 is connected to the housing 120 through the fixed end 112 and separates the housing cavity to form the front cavity 140 and the rear cavity 150.
  • the drive unit 170 may perform energy conversion, converting electrical energy (i.e., electrical signal) into mechanical energy (i.e., vibration signal), and transfer the generated mechanical energy to the diaphragm 110 through the vibration transfer unit 160.
  • the diaphragm 110 may vibrate under the drive of the drive unit 170 and push the air to generate air-conducted sound waves. At least part of the air-conducted sound waves may be transmitted to the outside of the speaker 100 through the sound outlet (not shown).
  • the housing 120 may include a front cavity plate 122, a rear cavity plate 124, and a side plate 126.
  • the front cavity plate 122, the rear cavity plate 124, and the side plate 126 together enclose the above-mentioned accommodating cavity.
  • the front cavity plate 122, the rear cavity plate 124, and/or the side plate 126 may include a printed circuit board (PCB), a plastic plate, a metal plate, etc., which is not limited in the present application.
  • PCB printed circuit board
  • the drive unit 170 may be disposed in the rear cavity 150. In some embodiments, by setting the arrangement position of the drive unit 170, the rear cavity 150 may be divided or not divided. For example, for a piezoelectric speaker, the drive unit 170 may be fixed to the speaker housing 120 (e.g., the rear cavity plate 124) through a bracket with holes, so that the rear cavity 150 is not divided. For another example, for an electromagnetic speaker, its magnetic circuit part (i.e., the drive unit 170) may be fixed to the housing 120 (e.g., the rear cavity plate 124) through a bracket with holes, so that the rear cavity 150 is not divided. For another example, as shown in FIG.
  • the drive unit 170 may be fixed to the rear cavity plate 124, and cooperate with the rear cavity plate 124 to divide the rear cavity 150 into a first rear cavity 152 and a second rear cavity 154.
  • the first rear cavity 152 may be surrounded by at least part of the housing 120, at least part of the diaphragm 110, the drive unit 170, and the vibration transfer unit 160.
  • the second rear cavity 154 may be surrounded by the driving unit 170 and the rear cavity plate 124.
  • the second rear cavity 154 may be connected or disconnected from the outside of the speaker 100.
  • the present application will take the arrangement in which the driving unit 170 can divide the rear cavity 150 as an example, which does not limit the scope of the present application.
  • One end of the sound absorption pipe 130 may include a sound inlet 132, and the other end is closed to form a sound wave reflecting surface 134.
  • the sound absorption pipe 130 may be disposed on the front cavity plate 122, the rear cavity plate 124, the side plate 126, etc.
  • the sound absorption pipe 130 may be disposed on the rear cavity plate 124, and communicated with the first rear cavity 152 through the sound inlet 132.
  • the sound absorption pipe 130 may be used to absorb the sound waves of the target frequency in the air-conducted sound waves generated by the diaphragm 110, thereby adjusting the frequency response curve of the speaker 100.
  • the sound absorption pipe 130 may absorb the sound waves of the target frequency in the air-conducted sound waves, so that the sound wave components of the target frequency contained in the sound waves output from the speaker 100 are reduced, and accordingly, the sound pressure of the sound waves output by the speaker 100 near the frequency is reduced, which is reflected as a trough on the frequency response curve (trough A in the curve 420 shown in FIG4), thereby adjusting the frequency response curve of the speaker 100.
  • the frequency response curve of the speaker 100 can be adjusted by adjusting one or more parameters (e.g., shape, position, size, etc.) of the sound absorption pipe 130.
  • parameters e.g., shape, position, size, etc.
  • the sound absorption pipe 130 can absorb the sound wave of the target frequency, so that the frequency response curve of the speaker 100 has a trough near the target frequency.
  • the target frequency (for example, the position of the trough) of the sound wave absorbed by the sound absorption pipe 130 can be adjusted by adjusting the equivalent length of the sound absorption pipe to l, and the trough can be achieved from different frequency segments on the frequency response curve of the speaker 100, so that the speaker 100 meets the actual needs and improves the user experience.
  • the equivalent length l of the sound absorption pipe 130 can be around 1/4 of the wavelength ⁇ of the sound wave of the target frequency.
  • the equivalent length l of the sound absorption pipe 130 can be in the range of 1/10-2/5 of the wavelength ⁇ of the sound wave of the target frequency.
  • the equivalent length l of the sound absorption pipe 130 can be in the range of 3/20-2/5 of the wavelength ⁇ of the sound wave of the target frequency.
  • the equivalent length l of the sound absorption pipe 130 can be in the range of 1/5-3/10 of the wavelength ⁇ of the sound wave of the target frequency.
  • the size of the equivalent diameter d of the sound absorption pipe 130 will affect the acoustic resistance of the sound absorption pipe 130, thereby affecting the trough formed on the frequency response curve of the speaker 100. For example, if the d value is too small, the acoustic resistance will be very large, so that the sound absorption pipe 130 cannot achieve the sound absorption effect.
  • the equivalent diameter d of the sound absorption pipe 130 may not be less than 0.05 mm.
  • the equivalent diameter d of the sound absorption pipe 130 may not be less than 0.3 mm.
  • the equivalent diameter d of the sound absorption pipe 130 may not be less than 0.1 mm.
  • FIG. 4 is a frequency response curve of an exemplary loudspeaker according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • curve 410 represents the frequency response curve of a speaker without a sound absorbing duct
  • curve 420 represents the frequency response curve of a speaker with a sound absorbing duct (such as speaker 100).
  • the vibration of its diaphragm may have a corresponding resonant frequency (the frequency corresponding to the resonant peak B of the corresponding frequency response curve 410). Due to the existence of the resonant frequency of the diaphragm vibration, the frequency response curve of the loudspeaker without a sound-absorbing duct is not flat enough.
  • a sound-absorbing duct e.g., the sound-absorbing duct 130
  • the loudspeaker housing e.g., the front cavity plate 122, the rear cavity plate 124, etc. of the housing 120.
  • the response of the loudspeaker's frequency response curve at the target frequency position may be reduced.
  • setting the sound-absorbing frequency (i.e., the target frequency) of the sound-absorbing duct at the resonant frequency of the diaphragm vibration can effectively suppress the peak value generated by the diaphragm vibration at this frequency, and can even cause the overall frequency response curve of the loudspeaker to have a trough at the resonant frequency of the diaphragm vibration.
  • the vibration of its diaphragm may have a corresponding original resonant frequency (which may be approximately the frequency corresponding to the resonance peak B of the frequency response curve 410).
  • the target frequency corresponding to the sound absorption pipe may be near the original resonant frequency of the vibration of the diaphragm, so that the peak value of the loudspeaker with the sound absorption pipe at the original resonant frequency may be reduced to a large extent, forming a trough, and two peaks may appear on the left and right sides of the trough (e.g., peak C and peak D in FIG.
  • the difference between the target frequency and the original resonant frequency may be within 300 Hz. In some embodiments, the difference between the target frequency and the original resonant frequency may be within 200 Hz. In some embodiments, the difference between the target frequency and the original resonant frequency may be within 100 Hz. In some embodiments, the target frequency may be equal to the original resonant frequency.
  • the frequency response curve of the speaker is usually relatively smooth in the mid-low frequency band, while the mid-high frequency band is affected by the high-order modes of the speaker diaphragm and the drive unit, and the modes of the sound absorption pipe, and more resonance peaks will be formed. Therefore, in order to make the frequency response curve of the speaker smoother in the mid-high frequency band, the corresponding sound absorption pipe can be designed so that its target frequency is in the mid-high frequency band.
  • the target frequency can be in the range of 1kHz-20kHz.
  • the equivalent length of the sound absorption pipe can be in the range of 4mm-80mm.
  • the target frequency can be in the range of 3kHz-20kHz.
  • the equivalent length of the sound absorption pipe can be in the range of 4mm-28mm.
  • the target frequency can be in the range of 3kHz-10kHz.
  • the equivalent length of the sound absorption pipe can be in the range of 8mm-28mm.
  • the target frequency can be in the range of 3kHz-8kHz.
  • the equivalent length of the sound absorption pipe can be in the range of 10mm-28mm.
  • the target frequency can be in the range of 1.2kHz-8kHz.
  • the equivalent length of the sound absorption pipe can be in the range of 10mm-70mm.
  • the frequency response curve of the speaker with the sound absorbing pipe is flatter than that of the speaker without the sound absorbing pipe, so that the speaker has a better acoustic effect.
  • the depth of the trough can be further adjusted by adjusting the damping of one or more components of the speaker (for example, the sound absorbing pipe 130), so that the frequency response curve of the speaker is flatter, thereby further improving the acoustic effect of the speaker.
  • FIG5 is a frequency response curve of an exemplary speaker according to other embodiments of the present specification.
  • curve 510 represents the frequency response curve of a speaker without a sound absorption duct.
  • Curve 520 represents the frequency response curve of a speaker with an equivalent length l of a sound absorption duct of 17 mm.
  • Curve 530 represents the frequency response curve of a speaker with an equivalent length l of a sound absorption duct of 7 mm.
  • a trough can be formed at a specific frequency (for example, a frequency band between 5 kHz and 12 kHz), and two peaks can be formed on the left and right sides of the trough, thereby improving the sensitivity of the speaker. Furthermore, by adjusting the equivalent length l of the sound absorption duct, the trough (or target frequency) can be placed in different positions to achieve the sound absorption effect on sound waves of different target frequencies.
  • Fig. 6A is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of an exemplary sound-absorbing duct according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • Fig. 6B-Fig. 6C are schematic diagrams of A-A cross-sections of the sound-absorbing duct in Fig. 6A.
  • the sound absorbing duct 130 may include a sound absorbing cavity 136 and a sound inlet 132.
  • the size (e.g., equivalent length l of the sound absorbing duct 130, equivalent diameter d of the sound absorbing duct 130), shape, etc. of the sound absorbing duct 130 may be designed to absorb sound waves of different target frequencies, thereby forming valleys at different positions on the frequency response curve of the speaker 100.
  • the shape of the projection (or A-A section) of the sound absorption pipe along the vibration direction of the diaphragm may include a meander structure or a folded structure. As shown in FIG6B , the shape of the sound absorption pipe 130 in the A-A section may be a meander structure.
  • the speaker further includes a drive unit, and the meander structure may be arranged around the drive unit on the projection plane along the vibration direction of the drive unit.
  • the sound absorption pipe 130 may be arranged on the side panel 126, and its shape in the A-A section is a meander structure surrounding the drive unit.
  • the sound absorption pipe 130 may also be arranged on the front cavity plate 122 or the rear cavity plate 124, and its shape in the A-A section is a meander structure.
  • its shape in the A-A section is a meander structure.
  • the shape of the sound absorption pipe 130 in the A-A section may also be a folded structure. It is understood that, without violating the principles in the embodiments of this specification, the shape of the sound absorption pipe 130 in the A-A section may also be a W-type, an S-type, an irregular shape, etc., and this specification does not limit this.
  • the more circles the meander structure surrounds the driving unit or the more times the folded structure is folded the longer the equivalent length of the sound-absorbing pipe is, and the larger the wavelength ⁇ corresponding to the target frequency can be, and the lower the frequency sound waves that the sound-absorbing pipe can absorb.
  • a sufficiently long sound-absorbing pipe can be arranged in a limited space (i.e., in the structure of the front cavity plate 122, the rear cavity plate 124, the side plate 126, etc.), so that the sound-absorbing pipe can absorb sound waves of lower target frequencies, thereby increasing the practicality of the speaker while ensuring the miniaturization of the speaker.
  • Fig. 7A is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of an exemplary sound-absorbing duct according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • Fig. 7B-Fig. 7E are schematic diagrams of the B-B cross-section of the sound-absorbing duct in Fig. 7A.
  • the sound absorbing duct 130 may include a sound absorbing cavity 136 and a sound inlet 132.
  • the size e.g., the length l of the sound absorbing duct 130, the minor diameter d of the sound absorbing duct 130), shape, etc. of the sound absorbing duct 130 may be designed to absorb sound waves of different target frequencies, thereby forming valleys at different positions on the frequency response curve of the speaker 100.
  • the cross-sections shown in FIG. 7B to FIG. 7D may be cross-sections obtained when the cross-section A-A of the sound absorbing duct 130 is in a shape of a zigzag structure, a folded structure, etc.
  • the shape of the cross-section B-B of the sound absorbing duct 130 may include a plurality of rectangles, circles, and triangles arranged side by side. It is understood that, without violating the principles of the embodiments of this specification, the shape of the cross-section B-B of the sound absorbing duct 130 may also be an ellipse, a polygon, an irregular shape, etc., and this specification does not limit this.
  • the sound absorbing pipes can also be arranged in layers along the vibration direction of the diaphragm. As shown in FIG. 7E , the shape of the sound absorbing pipe 130 in the B-B section can be a plurality of rectangles arranged in multiple layers. By arranging the sound absorbing pipes in layers, the length of the sound absorbing pipes can be further increased, and the practicality of the speaker can be further increased while ensuring the miniaturization of the speaker.
  • Fig. 8A is a schematic diagram of the structure of an exemplary loudspeaker according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • Fig. 8B is a schematic diagram of the A-A cross-section of the sound absorbing duct in Fig. 8A.
  • the sound absorption duct 130 may be disposed in the rear cavity plate 124 and communicated with the first rear cavity 152 through the sound inlet 132.
  • the sound inlet 132 may be located within the projection of the diaphragm 110 along its vibration direction.
  • the sound absorption duct 130 may reduce the sound pressure amplitude of the air-conducted sound waves generated by the diaphragm 110 at the sound inlet 132, and may further affect the air near the diaphragm 110 through the sound inlet 132.
  • the local air of different parts of the diaphragm 110 may be affected by setting the position of the sound inlet 132, thereby changing the state of the diaphragm 110, and further making the vibration of the diaphragm more in line with the use requirements of the speaker.
  • the diaphragm 110 may include a folding portion 111 and a fixed end 112.
  • the sound inlet 132 may be disposed at a position close to the folding portion 111 of the diaphragm 110.
  • the sound inlet 132 may be directly opposite to the folding portion 111 of the diaphragm 110.
  • the center of the sound inlet 132 may coincide with the center of the folding portion 111.
  • the closer the portion of the diaphragm 110 is to the folding portion 111 the smaller its rigidity is, and the closer the portion is to the fixed end 112, the greater its rigidity is.
  • the sound absorption duct 130 can affect the local air near the folding ring 111, thereby more easily affecting the vibration state of the diaphragm 110, thereby facilitating the adjustment of the acoustic performance of the speaker 100.
  • the sound inlet 132 can be set at a position close to the fixed end 112 of the diaphragm 110.
  • the sound absorption duct 130 has less influence on the local air near the folding ring 111, thereby reducing the influence of the sound absorption duct 130 on the vibration state of the diaphragm 110, thereby achieving fine-tuning of the acoustic performance of the speaker 100.
  • the structure of the sound absorbing duct 130 may include a meandering structure.
  • the meandering structure of the sound absorbing duct 130 is arranged around the driving unit 170, so that a longer sound absorbing duct can be arranged in the limited space of the rear cavity plate 124, so that the sound absorbing duct 130 can absorb sound waves of a lower target frequency, thereby increasing the practicality of the speaker 100 while ensuring the miniaturization of the speaker 100.
  • Fig. 9A is a schematic diagram of the structure of an exemplary loudspeaker according to some other embodiments of the present specification.
  • Fig. 9B is a schematic diagram of the A-A cross-section of the sound absorbing duct in Fig. 9A.
  • the sound absorption pipe 130 may include one or more sub-sound absorption pipes, and the one or more sub-sound absorption pipes may be connected to the front cavity 140 or the rear cavity 150 through a sound inlet, respectively.
  • the sound absorption pipe 130 may include a sub-sound absorption pipe 130-1 and a sub-sound absorption pipe 130-2.
  • the sub-sound absorption pipes 130-1 and 130-2 are connected to the first rear cavity 152 through a sound inlet, respectively.
  • at least two of the multiple sub-sound absorption pipes can absorb sound waves of different frequencies in the air-conducted sound waves.
  • the lengths l of the sub-sound absorption pipe 130-1 and the sub-sound absorption pipe 130-2 can be set to different values, so that the two sub-sound absorption pipes can absorb sound waves of different frequencies, increase the sound absorption bandwidth of the sound absorption pipe 130, make the frequency response curve of the speaker 100 flatter, and thus improve the sound quality of the speaker.
  • at least two of the plurality of sub-sound absorbing ducts can absorb sound waves of the same frequency in the air-conducted sound waves.
  • the length l of the sub-sound absorbing duct 130-1 and the sub-sound absorbing duct 130-2 can be set to the same value, so that the two sub-sound absorbing ducts can absorb sound waves of the same frequency at different positions, thereby adjusting the vibration state of the diaphragm 110 at different positions and improving the sound absorption effect of the sound absorbing duct 130.
  • the sound absorbing duct 130 can locally affect the motion state of the diaphragm 110, resulting in an imbalance in the air stiffness in the rear cavity 150 (for example, the first rear cavity 152), thereby tilting the diaphragm 110, causing a resonance peak of a high-order mode to appear on the frequency response curve of the speaker 100, and reducing the acoustic output effect of the speaker. Therefore, in order to avoid unnecessary high-order modes in the speaker 100, the multiple sub-sound absorbing ducts can be symmetrically (or approximately symmetrically) distributed along the central axis of the speaker 100.
  • the positions of the multiple sub-sound absorbing ducts can be symmetrically (or approximately symmetrically) distributed along the central axis of the speaker 100.
  • the shapes of the multiple sub-sound absorbing ducts can be symmetrically (or approximately symmetrically) distributed along the central axis of the speaker 100.
  • the structure of the rear cavity plate 124 (or the front cavity plate 122) can also be made more reliable, thereby extending the life of the speaker. For example, as shown in Fig.
  • the speaker 100 may include a sub-sound absorbing duct 130-1 and a sub-sound absorbing duct 130-2, and the two sub-sound absorbing ducts may be located on both sides of the central axis of the speaker 100. Further, the two sub-sound absorbing ducts may be symmetrically arranged in the rear cavity plate 124 around the central axis of the speaker 100, and are respectively connected to the first rear cavity 152 through a sound inlet.
  • Fig. 10A is a schematic diagram of the structure of an exemplary loudspeaker according to some other embodiments of the present specification.
  • Fig. 10B is a schematic diagram of the A-A cross-section of the sound absorbing duct in Fig. 10A.
  • the sound absorption duct 130 is disposed in the front cavity plate 122 and is connected to the front cavity 140 through the sound inlet 132.
  • the sound waves generated by the diaphragm 110 can enter the sound absorption cavity of the sound absorption duct 130 through the sound inlet 132.
  • the sound inlet 132 can be located within the projection of the diaphragm 110 along its vibration direction.
  • the sound inlet 132 can be disposed directly opposite the folding ring portion 111 of the diaphragm 110.
  • the sound absorption duct 130 disposed at the front cavity plate 122 may include one or more sub-sound absorption ducts.
  • the sound absorption duct 130 can not only affect the vibration state of the speaker 100, but also directly absorb part of the air-conducted sound waves generated by the vibration of the diaphragm 110, thereby affecting the acoustic performance of the speaker 100.
  • direct absorption can mean that since the sound absorption duct 130 is connected to the front cavity 140, the sound absorption duct 130 can absorb the sound waves of the target frequency during the transmission of the air-conducted sound waves to the sound outlet.
  • the front cavity 140 can be connected to the sound outlet through a sound guide channel (not shown).
  • the sound absorption duct 130 can be connected to the sound guide channel through the front cavity 140.
  • the sound absorbing duct 130 designed in the front cavity plate 122 can be directly connected to the front cavity 140, and indirectly connected to the sound outlet hole through the front cavity 140 and the sound guiding channel.
  • Fig. 11A is a schematic diagram of the structure of an exemplary loudspeaker according to some other embodiments of the present specification.
  • Fig. 11B is a schematic diagram of the A-A cross-section of the sound absorbing duct in Fig. 11A.
  • the speaker shown in FIG. 11A may be similar to the speaker shown in FIG. 9A, except that the other end of the sound absorbing pipe 130 in the speaker 100 shown in FIG. 11A may further include a sound absorbing structure 138.
  • the sound absorbing structure includes at least one of a porous sound absorbing material or a damping net.
  • the sound absorbing structure 138 may change the phase difference ⁇ between the incident sound wave and the reflected sound wave at the sound wave reflection surface (i.e., the end of the sound absorbing pipe 130), thereby adjusting the length of the sound absorbing pipe required at the same target frequency.
  • the porous sound absorbing material may increase the equivalent constant of the sound absorbing pipe, and the damping net may be used to adjust the damping of the sound absorbing pipe 130, thereby reducing the length of the sound absorbing pipe required at the same target frequency.
  • the sound absorbing structure 138 may also reduce the quality factor (i.e., Q value) of the speaker 100, thereby reducing the depth of the trough generated by the sound absorbing pipe 130, making the frequency response curve of the speaker 100 flatter.
  • the length of the sound absorbing pipe 130 is no longer the only factor in determining the corresponding target frequency.
  • a sound absorbing structure can be provided at the end of the sound absorbing pipe to replace the longer sound absorbing pipe, thereby improving the output effect of the speaker.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an exemplary speaker according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • the front cavity 140 of the speaker housing 120 can be connected to the sound outlet 190 through the sound guide channel 180.
  • the sound absorption pipe 130 can be arranged in the sound guide channel 180, that is, the sound absorption pipe 130 can be connected to the front cavity 140 through the sound guide channel 180.
  • the sound absorption pipe 130 is connected to the sound outlet 190 only through the sound guide channel.
  • beneficial effects include but are not limited to: (1) by arranging a sound-absorbing pipe on the speaker housing, a trough is generated on the speaker frequency response curve, so that the speaker directly emits the sound after the adjusted frequency response, and the effect of the speaker's own structural filtering is achieved; (2) by adjusting the shape, position, size, etc.
  • the target frequency corresponding to the sound-absorbing pipe is the same or close to the original resonant frequency of the diaphragm, so that the speaker frequency response curve is flatter, thereby improving the acoustic performance of the speaker; (3) by designing a zigzag structure, a folding structure, etc., the sound-absorbing pipe can absorb sound waves of a lower target frequency, thereby increasing the practicality of the speaker while ensuring the miniaturization of the speaker volume; (4) by arranging the sound-absorbing pipe in the front cavity plate and/or the rear cavity plate, and combining it with a damping net, a sound-absorbing material, etc., the speaker frequency response curve is further flattened, and the acoustic performance of the speaker is further improved; (5) by arranging multiple sub-sound-absorbing pipes to be symmetrically (or approximately symmetrically) distributed with respect to the central axis of the speaker, the reliability of the speaker housing is improved, space is saved, and the processing cost of the speaker is reduced. It should be noted that different

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Abstract

本说明书实施例提供一种扬声器。该扬声器包括振膜以及壳体。振膜可以振动以产生气导声波。壳体可以形成用于容纳振膜的容置腔，所述振膜分隔容置腔以形成前腔和后腔，壳体上设置有与前腔连通的出声孔，至少部分气导声波经出声孔向扬声器外部传输，其中，壳体上设置有吸声管道，所述吸声管道与前腔和后腔中的至少一个腔体连通，所述吸声管道用于吸收气导声波中目标频率的声波，其中，吸声管道的长度在目标频率的声波波长的3/20-2/5范围之间。

Description

扬声器 技术领域
本说明书涉及声学装置领域，特别涉及一种壳体上设置有吸声管道的扬声器。
背景技术
随着电子设备的不断发展，扬声器(例如，耳机)已经成为人们日常生活中不可或缺的社交、娱乐工具，人们对于扬声器的要求也越来越高。但是，现有的扬声器仍然存在许多问题，例如，结构复杂、音质不佳等。因此，期望提供一种结构简单且具有较高的声学性能的扬声器，以满足用户的需求。
发明内容
本说明书实施例之一提供一种扬声器，包括：振膜，所述振膜振动以产生气导声波；以及壳体，所述壳体形成用于容纳所述振膜的容置腔，所述振膜分隔所述容置腔以形成前腔和后腔，所述壳体上设置有与所述前腔连通的出声孔，至少部分所述气导声波经所述出声孔向所述扬声器外部传输，其中，所述壳体上设置有吸声管道，所述吸声管道与所述前腔和所述后腔中的至少一个腔体连通，所述吸声管道用于吸收所述气导声波中目标频率的声波，其中，所述吸声管道的长度在所述目标频率的声波波长的3/20-2/5范围之间。
在一些实施例中，在一些实施例中，所述振膜的振动具有原始谐振频率，所述原始谐振频率与所述目标频率之差在300Hz范围内。
在一些实施例中，所述目标频率在3kHz-20kHz范围内。
在一些实施例中，所述前腔通过导声通道与所述出声孔连通，所述吸声管道与所述导声通道通过所述前腔连通。
在一些实施例中，所述壳体包括前腔板、后腔板以及侧板，所述吸声管道的一端包括进声口。
在一些实施例中，所述扬声器还包括驱动单元，所述驱动单元用于基于电信号产生振动并带动所述振膜振动，其中，所述驱动单元设置于所述后腔，所述驱动单元与所述后腔板配合将所述后腔分割成第一后腔和第二后腔，其中，所述第二后腔由所述驱动单元和所述后腔板构成。
在一些实施例中，所述吸声管道设置在所述后腔板中并通过所述进声口与所述第一后腔连通。
在一些实施例中，所述吸声管道设置在所述前腔板中并通过所述进声口与所述前腔连通。
在一些实施例中，所述吸声管道的另一端封闭设置。
在一些实施例中，所述进声口位于所述振膜沿着其振动方向的投影内。
在一些实施例中，所述振膜包括折环部和固定端，所述进声口正对所述折环部。
在一些实施例中，所述吸声管道沿着所述振膜振动方向的投影包括回形结构或折叠结构。
在一些实施例中，所述扬声器还包括驱动单元，在沿着所述驱动单元振动方向的投影平面上，所述回形结构环绕所述驱动单元设置。
在一些实施例中，所述吸声管道包括一个或多个子吸声管道，所述一个或多个子吸声管道分别通过一个进声口与所述前腔或所述后腔连通。
在一些实施例中，所述多个子吸声管道沿所述扬声器的中心轴呈对称分布。
在一些实施例中，所述多个子吸声管道中至少两个子吸声管道吸收所述气导声波中相同或不同频率的声波。
在一些实施例中，所述吸声管道的等效长度在4mm-28mm范围内。
在一些实施例中，所述吸声管道的等效直径不小于0.05mm。
在一些实施例中，所述前腔通过导声通道与所述出声孔连通，所述吸声管道设置在所述导声通道的侧壁上并通过一端设置的进声口与所述导声通道连通。
在一些实施例中，所述吸声管道包括1/4波长共振管。
附图说明
本说明书将以示例性实施例的方式进一步说明，这些示例性实施例将通过附图进行详细描述。这些实施例并非限制性的，在这些实施例中，相同的编号表示相同的结构，其中：
图1是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的示例性扬声器的框图；
图2是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的示例性吸声管道的结构示意图；
图3是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的示例性扬声器的结构示意图；
图4是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的示例性扬声器的频响曲线；
图5是根据本说明书另一些实施例所示的示例性扬声器的频响曲线；
图6A是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的示例性吸声管道的立体结构示意图；
图6B是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的图6A中吸声管道的A-A截面示意图；
图6C是根据本说明书另一些实施例所示的图6A中吸声管道的A-A截面示意图；
图7A是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的示例性吸声管道的立体结构示意图；
图7B是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的图7A中吸声管道的B-B截面示意图；
图7C是根据本说明书另一些实施例所示的图7A中吸声管道的B-B截面示意图；
图7D是根据本说明书另一些实施例所示的图7A中吸声管道的B-B截面示意图；
图7E是根据本说明书另一些实施例所示的图7A中吸声管道的B-B截面示意图；
图8A是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的示例性扬声器的结构示意图；
图8B是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的图8A中吸声管道的A-A截面示意图；
图9A是根据本说明书另一些实施例所示的示例性扬声器的结构示意图；
图9B是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的图9A中吸声管道的A-A截面示意图；
图10A是根据本说明书另一些实施例所示的示例性扬声器的结构示意图；
图10B是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的图10A中吸声管道的A-A截面示意图；
图11A是根据本说明书另一些实施例所示的示例性扬声器的结构示意图；
图11B是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的图11A中吸声管道的A-A截面示意图；
图12是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的示例性扬声器的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单的介绍。显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些示例或实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图将本申请应用于其它类似情景。除非从语言环境中显而易见或另做说明，图中相同标号代表相同结构或操作。
应当理解，本文使用的“系统”、“装置”、“单元”和/或“模块”是用于区分不同级 别的不同组件、元件、部件、部分或装配的一种方法。然而，如果其他词语可实现相同的目的，则可通过其他表达来替换词语。
如本申请和权利要求书中所示，除非上下文明确提示例外情形，“一”、“一个”、“一种”和/或“该”等词并非特指单数，也可包括复数。一般说来，术语“包括”与“包含”仅提示包括已明确标识的步骤和元素，而这些步骤和元素不构成一个排它性的罗列，方法或者设备也可能包含其它的步骤或元素。术语“基于”是“至少部分地基于”。术语“一个实施例”表示“至少一个实施例”；术语“另一实施例”表示“至少一个另外的实施例”。
在本说明书的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”、“第四”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”、“第三”、“第四”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本说明书的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个、三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本说明书中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解。例如，术语“连接”可以指固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系，除非另有明确的限定。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本说明书中的具体含义。
本说明书的实施例提供的扬声器可以包括振膜、壳体和吸声管道。振膜可以振动以产生气导声波。壳体可以形成用于容纳所述振膜的容置腔。所述振膜分隔所述容置腔以形成前腔和后腔。所述壳体上设置有与所述前腔连通的出声孔，至少部分所述气导声波经所述出声孔向所述扬声器外部传输。所述壳体上设置有吸声管道。所述吸声管道与所述前腔和所述后腔中的至少一个腔体连通，所述吸声管道用于吸收所述气导声波中目标频率的声波。在一些实施例中，通过在壳体上设置吸声管道，吸声管道与前腔和后腔中的至少一个腔体连通，吸声管道用于吸收气导声波中目标频率的声波，从而使扬声器的频响曲线更为平坦，进而提高扬声器的声学性能。此外，通过设置吸声管道可以影响扬声器中振膜的振动状态，从而调节扬声器的频响曲线，实现了扬声器自带结构滤波的效果。
下面结合附图对本说明书实施例提供的扬声器进行详细说明。
图1是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的示例性扬声器的框图。如图1所示，扬声器100可以包括振膜110、壳体120和吸声管道130。
振膜110可以振动以产生气导声波。在一些实施例中，振膜110可以直接接收电信号，并将电信号转换为振动信号。例如，振膜110可以包括压电振膜、静电式的驱动振膜等。换句话说，在一些实施例中，振膜110同时也是驱动单元。在一些实施例中，扬声器100可以包括驱动单元(例如，图3中的驱动单元170)。驱动单元可以接收电信号，并将电信号转换为振动信号。驱动单元可以将振动信号，例如，通过振动传递单元传递给振膜110，从而带动振膜110振动。在一些实施例中，驱动单元可以包括动圈式驱动单元、动铁式驱动单元、静电式驱动单元、压电式驱动单元等。为便于描述，本申请将以振膜与驱动单元独立设置的方式进行描述，其并不限制本申请的范围。
壳体120可以形成用于容纳扬声器100其他组件(例如，振膜110、驱动单元等)的容置腔。振膜110可以将该容置腔分隔成前腔和后腔。壳体120上可以设置有与前腔连通的出声孔。振膜110振动所产生的至少部分气导声波可以经出声孔向扬声器100外部传输。
壳体120上可以设置有吸声管道130。吸声管道与前腔和后腔中的至少一个腔体连通，吸声管道用于吸收气导声波中目标频率的声波。换句话说，吸声管道130可以具有吸声作用。更多关于吸声管道130的描述可以参见本申请其他地方(例如，图2-5、图6A-图12等及其描述)。
图2是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的示例性吸声管道的结构示意图。如图2所示，吸声管道130可以包括声波反射面134以及吸声管道进声口132。声源210发出的入射声波220可以从吸声管道进声口132进入吸声管道130，并在吸声管道130内沿着x轴正方向传播。进一步地，入射声波220在抵达声波反射面134后被反射，形成反射声波230，其中，反射声波230的反射方向与入射声波220的入射方向相反。
结合图2，定义声波反射面134所在位置为x轴的原点O，则入射声波220的声压P i以及反射声波230的声压P r可以分别表示为：
P i＝P aie j(ωt-kx)     (1)
P r＝P are j(ωt+kx)     (2)
其中，P ai为入射声波220的声压幅值，P ar为反射声波230的声压幅值，ω为振动圆频率，t为时间，k为波数，x为声波在x轴上的坐标。
结合等式(1)和等式(2)，吸声管道130内的总声压P可以表示为：
Figure PCTCN2022128249-appb-000001
其中，
Figure PCTCN2022128249-appb-000002
为引入的相位，|P|为入射声波220与反射声波230的总声压幅值，|P|可以表示 为：
Figure PCTCN2022128249-appb-000003
其中，r p为声压反射系数，σπ为反射声波230与入射声波220在声波反射面134处的相位差，λ为声波的波长。
根据等式(4)可知，当
Figure PCTCN2022128249-appb-000004
时，总声压幅值|P|取得最小值，此时
Figure PCTCN2022128249-appb-000005
也就是说，吸声管道130内与声波反射面134的距离为
Figure PCTCN2022128249-appb-000006
处的总声压幅值最小。在一些实施例中，声波反射面134可以是刚性反射面，所述刚性反射面可以将入射声波220全部反射，相应地，声压反射系数r p＝1，σ＝0，此时
Figure PCTCN2022128249-appb-000007
即在吸声管道130内与声波反射面134的距离为
Figure PCTCN2022128249-appb-000008
的位置处，可以获得总声压幅值的最小值。由此，可以通过设置吸声管道130的等效长度l，例如，当
Figure PCTCN2022128249-appb-000009
时，使吸声管道进声口132处的声压幅值达到最小值，从而使吸声管道130达到吸收目标频率(即波长为λ)的声波的效果。在一些实施例中，吸声管道130可以包括1/4波长共振管。
图3是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的示例性扬声器的结构示意图。
如图3所示，扬声器100可以包括振膜110、壳体120、吸声管道130、前腔140、后腔150、振动传递单元160以及驱动单元170。壳体120可以形成用于容纳扬声器100的一个或多个组件(例如，振膜110、驱动单元170等)的容置腔。振膜110可以包括折环部111和固定端112。振膜110通过固定端112与壳体120连接并分隔容置腔以形成前腔140和后腔150。驱动单元170可以进行能量转换，将电能(即电信号)转换为机械能(即振动信号)，并将产生的机械能通过振动传递单元160传递给振膜110。振膜110可以在驱动单元170的带动下振动并推动空气产生气导声波。至少部分气导声波可以经出声孔(未示出)向扬声器100外部传输。
在一些实施例中，壳体120可以包括前腔板122、后腔板124以及侧板126。前腔板122、后腔板124以及侧板126共同围成上述容置腔。在一些实施例中，前腔板122、后腔板124和/或侧板126可以包括印刷电路板(PCB)板、塑料板、金属板等，在本申请中不做限制。
在一些实施例中，驱动单元170可以设置在后腔150中。在一些实施例中，通过设置驱动单元170的布置位置，可以对后腔150进行分割或不分割。例如，对于压电扬声器，驱动单元170可以通过带孔的支架固定于扬声器壳体120(例如，后腔板124) 上，从而不会对后腔150进行分割。又例如，对于电磁式扬声器，其磁路部分(即，驱动单元170)可以通过带孔的支架固定于壳体120(例如，后腔板124)上，从而不会对后腔150进行分割。再例如，如图3所示，驱动单元170可以固定于后腔板124，并与后腔板124配合将后腔150分割成第一后腔152和第二后腔154。第一后腔152可以由至少部分壳体120、至少部分振膜110、驱动单元170以及振动传递单元160围成。第二后腔154可以由驱动单元170和后腔板124围成。第二后腔154可以与扬声器100的外部连通或不连通。为便于描述，本申请将以驱动单元170能将后腔150进行分割的布置方式作为示例，其不限制本申请范围。
吸声管道130的一端可以包括进声口132，另一端封闭设置以形成声波反射面134。在一些实施例中，吸声管道130可以设置在前腔板122、后腔板124、侧板126上等。例如，如图3所示，吸声管道130可以设置在后腔板124上，并通过进声口132与第一后腔152连通。在一些实施例中，吸声管道130可以用于吸收振膜110产生的气导声波中目标频率的声波，从而调整扬声器100的频响曲线。例如，吸声管道130可以吸收气导声波中目标频率的声波，使得在扬声器100向外输出的声波中所包含的该目标频率的声波成分减少，相应地，扬声器100输出的声波在该频率附近的声压减小，在频响曲线上体现为一个低谷(如图4所示的曲线420中的低谷A)，从而实现对扬声器100的频响曲线的调节。
在一些实施例中，可以通过调节吸声管道130的一个或多个参数(例如，形状、位置、尺寸等)来实现对扬声器100的频响曲线的调节。例如，结合图2及其描述，当吸声管道等效长度为
Figure PCTCN2022128249-appb-000010
时，波长为λ的目标频率的声波在进声口132处的声压幅值最小，吸声管道130可以吸收目标频率的声波，从而使扬声器100的频响曲线在目标频率附近存在低谷。由此，可以通过调节吸声管道的等效长度为l来调节吸声管道130吸收的声波的目标频率(例如，低谷所处位置)，从在扬声器100的频响曲线上不同频率段实现低谷，使扬声器100满足实际需求，提升用户体验。在一些实施例中，吸声管道130的等效长度l可以在目标频率的声波波长λ的1/4附近。例如，吸声管道130的等效长度l可以在目标频率的声波波长λ的1/10-2/5范围内。再例如，吸声管道130的等效长度l可以在目标频率的声波波长λ的3/20-2/5范围内。又例如，吸声管道130的等效长度l可以在目标频率的声波波长λ的1/5-3/10范围内。在一些实施例中，吸声管道130的等效直径d的大小会影响吸声管道130的声阻，从而影响扬声器100的频响曲线上所形成的 低谷。例如，d值太小会导致声阻很大，使得吸声管道130达不到吸声的效果。在一些实施例中，为了保证吸声管道130具有吸声效果，吸声管道130的等效直径d可以不小于0.05mm。例如，吸声管道130的等效直径d可以不小于0.3mm。再例如，吸声管道130的等效直径d可以不小于0.1mm。更多关于吸声管道130的更多描述可以参见本说明书图6A-图12及其描述，此处不再赘述。
图4是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的示例性扬声器的频响曲线。
如图4所示，曲线410表示无吸声管道的扬声器的频响曲线。曲线420表示有吸声管道的扬声器(如扬声器100)的频响曲线。
从图4可知，对于无吸声管道的扬声器，其振膜的振动可以具有对应的谐振频率(对应频响曲线410的谐振峰B对应的频率)。由于振膜振动的谐振频率的存在，导致无吸声管道的扬声器的频响曲线不够平坦。可以在扬声器壳体(例如，壳体120的前腔板122、后腔板124等位置)上设置吸声管道(例如，吸声管道130)，由于吸声管道对目标频率声波的吸声作用，可以降低扬声器的频响曲线在目标频率位置处的响应。如图3所示，将吸声管道的吸声频率(即，目标频率)设置在振膜振动的谐振频率处，可以有效抑制振膜振动在该频率处产生的峰值，甚至可以使得扬声器整体的频响曲线在振膜振动的谐振频率处产生低谷。
仅作为示例，对于有吸声管道的扬声器，其振膜的振动可以具有对应的原始谐振频率(可以近似为频响曲线410的谐振峰B对应的频率)。在一些实施例中，通过设计吸声管道的参数(例如，形状、位置、尺寸等)，可以使吸声管道对应的目标频率在振膜振动的原始谐振频率附近，从而可以将有吸声管道的扬声器在原始谐振频率处的峰值得到较大程度的降低，形成低谷，并在该低谷左右两侧出现两个峰(例如，图4中峰C和峰D，其中，峰C和峰D对应的幅值均小于谐振峰B，且峰C或峰D与谐振峰B的幅值差可大于6dB，谷A与谐振峰B的幅值差可大于12dB)，从而提高扬声器的整体灵敏度且使得扬声器频响曲线更平坦。在一些实施例中，目标频率与原始谐振频率之差可以在300Hz范围内。在一些实施例中，目标频率与原始谐振频率之差可以在200Hz范围内。在一些实施例中，目标频率与原始谐振频率之差可以在100Hz范围内。在一些实施例中，目标频率可以与原始谐振频率相等。
在一些实施例中，扬声器的频响曲线通常在中低频段相对平滑，而中高频段受扬声器振膜与驱动单元的高阶模态、以及吸声管道的模态影响，会形成较多的谐振峰，因此，为了使扬声器的频响曲线在中高频段更平滑，可以设计相应的吸声管道使其目标 频率位于中高频段。在一些实施例中，目标频率可以在1kHz-20kHz的范围内。相应地，吸声管道的等效长度可以在4mm-80mm范围内。在一些实施例中，目标频率可以在3kHz-20kHz的范围内。相应地，吸声管道的等效长度可以在4mm-28mm范围内。在一些实施例中，目标频率可以在3kHz-10kHz的范围内。相应地，吸声管道的等效长度可以在8mm-28mm范围内。在一些实施例中，目标频率可以在3kHz-8kHz范围内。相应地，吸声管道的等效长度可以在10mm-28mm范围内。在一些实施例中，目标频率可以在1.2kHz-8kHz范围内。相应地，吸声管道的等效长度可以在10mm-70mm范围内。
如图4所示，具有吸声管道的扬声器较不具有吸声管道的扬声器的频响曲线更为平坦，从而使得扬声器具有更好的声学效果。在一些实施例中，还可以进一步通过调整扬声器的一个或多个部件(例如，吸声管道130)的阻尼来调节低谷的深度，使扬声器的频响曲线更为平坦，从而进一步提高扬声器的声学效果。
图5是根据本说明书另一些实施例所示的示例性扬声器的频响曲线。如图5所示，曲线510表示无吸声管道的扬声器的频响曲线。曲线520表示吸声管道等效长度l为17mm的扬声器的频响曲线。曲线530表示吸声管道等效长度l为7mm的扬声器的频响曲线。从图5可知，通过在扬声器壳体上设置吸声管道(对应曲线520或530)，可以在特定频率处(例如，5kHz至12kHz之间的频率段)形成低谷，同时在低谷的左侧和右侧形成两个峰，从而提升扬声器的灵敏度。进一步地，通过调节吸声管道的等效长度l，可以使低谷(或目标频率)处于不同的位置，实现对不同目标频率的声波的吸声效果。
图6A是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的示例性吸声管道的立体结构示意图。图6B-图6C是图6A中吸声管道的A-A截面示意图。
在一些实施例中，如图6A所示，吸声管道130可以包括吸声腔体136和进声口132。可以通过设计吸声管道130的尺寸(例如，吸声管道130的等效长度l、吸声管道130的等效直径d)、形状等，以吸收不同目标频率的声波，从而在扬声器100的频响曲线上的不同位置形成低谷。
在一些实施例中，吸声管道沿着振膜振动方向的投影(或A-A截面)的形状可以包括回形结构或折叠结构。如图6B所示，吸声管道130在A-A截面的形状可以是回形结构。在一些实施例中，扬声器还包括驱动单元，在沿着驱动单元振动方向的投影平面上，所述回形结构可以环绕驱动单元设置。例如，吸声管道130可以设置在侧板126 上，其在A-A截面的形状为环绕驱动单元的回形结构。再例如，吸声管道130还可以设置在在前腔板122或后腔板124上，其在A-A截面的形状为回形结构。关于驱动单元与回形结构位置关系的具体说明可以参见图8A、图8B及其相关描述。如图6C所示，吸声管道130在A-A截面的形状还可以是折叠结构。可以理解的是，在不违背本说明书实施例中原理的前提下，吸声管道130在A-A截面的形状还可以是W型、S型、不规则形状等，本说明书对此不做限制。
在一些实施例中，回形结构环绕驱动单元的圈数越多或者折叠结构的折叠次数越多，吸声管道的等效长度就越大，则目标频率对应的波长λ可以越大，吸声管道可以吸收越低频率的声波。通过回形结构和/或折叠结构的设计，可以在有限的空间内(即前腔板122、后腔板124、侧板126等的结构中)设置足够长的吸声管道，使吸声管道可以吸收更低目标频率的声波，进而在保证扬声器体积小型化的同时增加扬声器的实用性。
图7A是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的示例性吸声管道的立体结构示意图。图7B-图7E是图7A中吸声管道的B-B截面示意图。
在一些实施例中，如图7A所示，吸声管道130可以包括吸声腔体136和进声口132。可以通过设计吸声管道130的尺寸(例如，吸声管道130的长度l、吸声管道130的有小直径d)、形状等，以吸收不同目标频率的声波，从而在扬声器100的频响曲线上的不同位置形成低谷。
如图7B-图7D所示的截面可以是吸声管道130在A-A的截面呈回形结构、折叠结构等形状时得到的截面。在一些实施例中，吸声管道130在B-B截面的形状可以包括并排设置的多个矩形、圆形和三角形。可以理解的是，在不违背本说明书实施例中原理的前提下，吸声管道130在B-B截面的形状还可以是椭圆形、多边形、不规则形状等，本说明书对此不做限制。
在一些实施例中，在沿着振膜的振动方向上，吸声管道还可以分层设置。如图7E所示，吸声管道130在B-B截面的形状可以是多个矩形呈多层排列。通过分层设置所述吸声管道，可以进一步增加吸声管道的长度，在保证扬声器体积小型化的同时进一步增加扬声器的实用性。
图8A是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的示例性扬声器的结构示意图。图8B是图8A中吸声管道的A-A截面示意图。
在一些实施例中，如图8A所示，吸声管道130可以设置在后腔板124中并通过进声口132与第一后腔152连通。在一些实施例中，进声口132可以位于振膜110沿 着其振动方向的投影内。吸声管道130可以在进声口132处降低振膜110产生的气导声波的声压幅值，进而可以通过进声口132影响振膜110附近的空气。因此，可以通过设置进声口132的位置来影响振膜110不同部分的局部空气，从而改变振膜110的状态，进而使得振膜的振动更符合扬声器的使用需求。
在一些实施例中，振膜110可以包括折环部111和固定端112。在一些实施例中，进声口132可以设置在靠近振膜110的折环部111的位置处。例如，进声口132可以正对振膜110的折环部111。例如，在沿着振膜110振动方向的投影平面上，进声口132的中心可以与折环部111的中心重合。通常而言，振膜110上越接近折环部111的部分其刚度越小，越接近固定端112的部分则刚度越大。因此，进声口132的位置越靠近固定端112的边缘，其对振膜110的影响越小；进声口132的位置越靠近折环部111中间，其对振膜110的影响越大。通过将进声口132设置成靠近折环部111的位置处，可以使吸声管道130影响折环部111附近的局部空气，从而更易影响振膜110的振动状态，进而便于对扬声器100的声学性能进行调节。在一些实施例中，当期望吸声管道130对振膜110的振动影响较小时，进声口132可以设置在靠近振膜110的固定端112的位置处。通过将进声口132设置成靠近固定端112的位置处，可以使吸声管道130对折环部111附近的局部空气影响较小，从减小吸声管道130对振膜110的振动状态的影响，进而实现对扬声器100的声学性能进行微调。
在一些实施例中，如图8B所示，吸声管道130的结构可以包括回形结构。在沿着驱动单元170(或振膜110)的振动方向的投影平面上，吸声管道130的回形结构环绕驱动单元170设置，从而可以在后腔板124的有限空间内设置更长的吸声管道，使吸声管道130可以吸收更低目标频率的声波，从而在保证扬声器100体积小型化的同时增加扬声器100的实用性。
图9A是根据本说明书另一些实施例所示的示例性扬声器的结构示意图。图9B是图9A中吸声管道的A-A截面示意图。
在一些实施例中，吸声管道130可以包括一个或多个子吸声管道，一个或多个子吸声管道可以分别通过一个进声口与前腔140或后腔150连通。例如，如图9A和图9B所示，吸声管道130可以包括子吸声管道130-1以及子吸声管道130-2。子吸声管道130-1和130-2分别通过一个进声口与第一后腔152连通。在一些实施例中，多个子吸声管道中至少两个子吸声管道可以吸收气导声波中不同频率的声波。例如，在需要对多个目标频率的声波进行吸声时，子吸声管道130-1与子吸声管道130-2的长度l可以设置 为不同的值，从而使两个子吸声管道可以吸收不同频率的声波，增加吸声管道130的吸声带宽，使扬声器100的频响曲线更加平坦，进而提高扬声器的音质。在一些实施例中，多个子吸声管道中至少两个子吸声管道可以吸收气导声波中相同频率的声波。例如，子吸声管道130-1与子吸声管道130-2的长度l可以设置为相同的值，以使两个子吸声管道可以在不同位置吸收相同频率的声波，从而可以在不同位置处调节振膜110的振动状态，提高吸声管道130的吸声效果。
在一些实施例中，若多个子吸声管道布置在后腔板124的局部位置，吸声管道130可以局部影响振膜110的运动状态，导致后腔150(例如，第一后腔152)中的空气刚度失衡，从而使振膜110倾斜，造成扬声器100的频响曲线上出现高阶模态的谐振峰，降低扬声器的声学输出效果。因此，为了避免扬声器100出现非必要的高阶模态，多个子吸声管道可以沿扬声器100的中心轴呈对称(或近似对称)分布。例如，多个子吸声管道的位置(例如，进声口的位置)可以沿扬声器100的中心轴呈对称(或近似对称)分布。再例如，多个子吸声管道的形状可以沿扬声器100的中心轴呈对称(或近似对称)分布。此外，通过将多个子吸声管道以扬声器100的中心轴呈对称分布布置，还可以使后腔板124(或前腔板122)的结构更加可靠，从而延长扬声器寿命。示例性地，如图9A所示，扬声器100可以包括子吸声管道130-1和子吸声管道130-2，两个子吸声管道可以位于扬声器100的中心轴的两侧。进一步地，两个子吸声管道可以围绕扬声器100的中心轴对称设置在后腔板124中，并分别通过一个进声口与第一后腔152连通。
图10A是根据本说明书另一些实施例所示的示例性扬声器的结构示意图。图10B是图10A中吸声管道的A-A截面示意图。
在一些实施例中，如图10A所示，吸声管道130设置在前腔板122中并通过进声口132与前腔140连通。振膜110产生的声波可以通过进声口132进入吸声管道130的吸声腔体中。在一些实施例中，进声口132可以位于振膜110沿着其振动方向的投影内。例如，进声口132可以正对振膜110的折环部111设置。在一些实施例中，如图10A和图10B所示，在前腔板122处设置的吸声管道130可以包括一个或多个子吸声管道。关于子吸声管道的具体说明，可以参见图9A、图9B及其相关描述，此处不再赘述。
在一些实施例中，通过将吸声管道130设计在前腔板122中，吸声管道130不仅可以影响扬声器100的振动状态，还可以直接吸收振膜110振动产生的部分气导声 波，从而影响扬声器100的声学性能。在本说明书中，直接吸收可以指由于吸声管道130与前腔140连通，吸声管道130可以在气导声波传输至出声孔的过程中吸收目标频率的声波。相较于后腔板124，通过将吸声管道130设计在前腔板122处，吸声效果更明显，从而可以直接影响扬声器100的声学性能，且其设计更加的简洁便利，便于后续的组装。在一些实施例中，前腔140可以通过导声通道(未示出)与出声孔连通。吸声管道130可以与导声通道通过前腔140连通。换句话说，设计在前腔板122中的吸声管道130可以直接与前腔140连通，并通过前腔140及导声通道间接与出声孔连通。
图11A是根据本说明书另一些实施例所示的示例性扬声器的结构示意图。图11B是图11A中吸声管道的A-A截面示意图。
在一些实施例中，图11A所示的扬声器可以与图9A所示的扬声器相似，区别在于图11A所示的扬声器100中吸声管道130的另一端还可以包括吸声结构138。在一些实施例中，吸声结构包括多孔吸声材料或阻尼网中的至少一个。在一些实施例中，吸声结构138可以改变入射声波与反射声波在声波反射面(即吸声管道130的末端)的相位差σπ，从而可以调节相同目标频率下所需的吸声管道的长度。例如，多孔吸声材料可以增加吸声管道的等效常数，阻尼网可以用于调节吸声管道130的阻尼，从而可以减小相同目标频率下所需的吸声管道的长度。此外，吸声结构138还可以减小扬声器100的品质因数(即，Q值)，从而减小吸声管道130产生的低谷的深度，使扬声器100的频响曲线更为平坦。
本实施例中通过在吸声管道130的末端设置吸声结构138，可以使吸声管道130的长度不再是确定对应的目标频率的唯一因素，对于体积较小、空间狭窄不方便设置较长吸声管道的扬声器，可以在吸声管道的末端设置吸声结构以代替较长的吸声管道，从而改善扬声器的输出效果。
图12是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的示例性扬声器的结构示意图。
在一些实施例中，如图12所示，扬声器壳体120的前腔140可以通过导声通道180与出声孔190连通。吸声管道130可以设置于导声通道180中，即，吸声管道130可以与前腔140通过导声通道180连通。换句话说，吸声管道130仅通过导声通道与出声孔190连通。通过将吸声管道130设计在导声通道180的侧壁中，其设计更加的简洁便利，同时便于后续的组装。例如，可以将设置有不同吸声管道的不同导声通道作为配件，除装配有吸声管道的导声通道之外的部件作为基础部件。对于同一个基础部件，可以对其装配不同的配件，从实现对扬声器的频响进行不同的调节，使扬声器可以适应不 同的应用场景。
本申说明书实施例可能带来的有益效果包括但不限于：(1)通过在扬声器壳体上设置吸声管道，使扬声器频响曲线上产生低谷，从而使扬声器直接发出调整频响后的声音，实现了扬声器自带结构滤波的效果；(2)通过调节吸声管道的形状、位置、尺寸等，使吸声管道对应的目标频率与振膜的原始谐振频率相同或相近，从而使扬声器的频响曲线更为平坦，进而提高扬声器的声学性能；(3)通过回形结构、折叠结构等的设计，可以使吸声管道可以吸收更低目标频率的声波，在保证扬声器体积小型化的同时增加扬声器的实用性；(4)通过将吸声管道设置在前腔板和/或后腔板中，同时结合阻尼网、吸声材料等，使得扬声器频响曲线进一步平坦，进一步提升扬声器的声学性能；(5)通过将多个子吸声管道设置成以扬声器的中心轴呈对称(或近似对称)分布，提高扬声器壳体的可靠性，节约空间，降低扬声器的加工成本。需要说明的是，不同实施例可能产生的有益效果不同，在不同的实施例里，可能产生的有益效果可以是以上任意一种或几种的组合，也可以是其他任何可能获得的有益效果。
上文已对基本概念做了描述，显然，对于本领域技术人员来说，上述详细披露仅仅作为示例，而并不构成对本申请的限定。虽然此处并没有明确说明，本领域技术人员可能会对本申请进行各种修改、改进和修正。该类修改、改进和修正在本申请中被建议，所以该类修改、改进、修正仍属于本申请示范实施例的精神和范围。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种扬声器，包括：
    振膜，所述振膜振动以产生气导声波；以及
    壳体，所述壳体形成用于容纳所述振膜的容置腔，所述振膜分隔所述容置腔以形成前腔和后腔，所述壳体上设置有与所述前腔连通的出声孔，至少部分所述气导声波经所述出声孔向所述扬声器外部传输，其中，
    所述壳体上设置有吸声管道，所述吸声管道与所述前腔和所述后腔中的至少一个腔体连通，所述吸声管道用于吸收所述气导声波中目标频率的声波，其中，所述吸声管道的长度在所述目标频率的声波波长的3/20-2/5范围之间。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的扬声器，其中，所述振膜的振动具有原始谐振频率，所述原始谐振频率与所述目标频率之差在300Hz范围内。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的扬声器，其中，所述目标频率在3kHz-20kHz范围内。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的扬声器，其中，所述前腔通过导声通道与所述出声孔连通，所述吸声管道与所述导声通道通过所述前腔连通。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的扬声器，其中，所述壳体包括前腔板、后腔板以及侧板，所述吸声管道的一端包括进声口。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的扬声器，其中，所述扬声器还包括驱动单元，所述驱动单元用于基于电信号产生振动并带动所述振膜振动，其中，所述驱动单元设置于所述后腔，所述驱动单元与所述后腔板配合将所述后腔分割成第一后腔和第二后腔，其中，所述第二后腔由所述驱动单元和所述后腔板构成。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的扬声器，其中，所述吸声管道设置在所述后腔板中并通过所述进声口与所述第一后腔连通。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的扬声器，其中，所述吸声管道设置在所述前腔板中并通过所述进声口与所述前腔连通。
  9. 根据权利要求5至8中任一项所述的扬声器，其中，所述吸声管道的另一端封闭设置。
  10. 根据权利要求6至9中任一项所述的扬声器，其中，所述进声口位于所述振膜沿着其振动方向的投影内。
  11. 根据权利要求6至10中任一项所述的扬声器，其中，所述振膜包括折环部和固定端，所述进声口正对所述折环部。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的扬声器，其中，所述吸声管道沿着所述振膜振动方向的投影包括回形结构或折叠结构。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的扬声器，其中，所述扬声器还包括驱动单元，在沿着所述驱动单元振动方向的投影平面上，所述回形结构环绕所述驱动单元设置。
  14. 根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的扬声器，其中，所述吸声管道包括一个或多个子吸声管道，所述一个或多个子吸声管道分别通过一个进声口与所述前腔或所述后腔连通。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的扬声器，其中，所述多个子吸声管道沿所述扬声器的中心轴呈对称分布。
  16. 根据权利要求14或15所述的扬声器，其中，所述多个子吸声管道中至少两个子吸声管道吸收所述气导声波中相同或不同频率的声波。
  17. 根据权利要求1至16中任一项所述的扬声器，其中，所述吸声管道的等效长度在4mm-28mm范围内。
  18. 根据权利要求1至17中任一项所述的扬声器，其中，所述吸声管道的等效直径不小于0.05mm。
  19. 根据权利要求1所述的扬声器，其中，所述前腔通过导声通道与所述出声孔连通，所述吸声管道设置在所述导声通道的侧壁上并通过一端设置的进声口与所述导声通道连通。
  20. 根据权利要求1至19中任一项所述的扬声器，其中，所述吸声管道包括1/4波长共振管。
PCT/CN2022/128249 2022-10-28 2022-10-28 扬声器 WO2024087168A1 (zh)

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