WO2024084359A1 - Récupérateur à collecteurs externes pour installations à cycle organique de rankine - Google Patents

Récupérateur à collecteurs externes pour installations à cycle organique de rankine Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024084359A1
WO2024084359A1 PCT/IB2023/060359 IB2023060359W WO2024084359A1 WO 2024084359 A1 WO2024084359 A1 WO 2024084359A1 IB 2023060359 W IB2023060359 W IB 2023060359W WO 2024084359 A1 WO2024084359 A1 WO 2024084359A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
recuperator
casing
tubes
working fluid
organic working
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2023/060359
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Roberto Bini
Pietro GIRARDI
Mario Gaia
Original Assignee
Turboden S.p.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Turboden S.p.A. filed Critical Turboden S.p.A.
Publication of WO2024084359A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024084359A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
    • F28B1/02—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using water or other liquid as the cooling medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/05316—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
    • F28D21/0014—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from waste air or from vapors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D21/0017—Flooded core heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/08—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0219—Arrangements for sealing end plates into casing or header box; Header box sub-elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0246—Arrangements for connecting header boxes with flow lines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F2009/0285—Other particular headers or end plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
    • F28F2009/222—Particular guide plates, baffles or deflectors, e.g. having particular orientation relative to an elongated casing or conduit
    • F28F2009/228—Oblique partitions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a recuperator with external mani folds organic Rankine cycle plants .
  • the solution adopted for the innovative recuperator with external mani folds is particularly suitable for organic Rankine cycle plants in which there is a notable di f ference between evaporation temperature and condensation temperature of the organic working fluid .
  • thermodynamic cycle is defined as a finite success ion of thermodynamic trans formations (for example isotherm, isochore , isobar or adiabatic ) at the end of which the system returns to its initial state .
  • Such cycle can be direct , for example a direct Rankine cycle , in which a thermal source is used for the production o f mechanical/electrical energy and heat at a temperature lower than that of the thermal source .
  • a direct Rankine cycle is a thermodynamic cycle composed of two adiabatic trans formations and two isobars .
  • a direct cycle its purpose is to trans form heat into work .
  • This cycle is generally adopted especially in thermoelectric power plants for the production of electric energy and uses water as a driving fluid, both in liquid and in steam form, with the so-called steam turbine .
  • ORC organic Rankine cycles
  • the plant for an ORC cycle includes one or more pumps for feeding the organic working fluid, at least one heat exchanger (also called pre-heater or evaporator, depending on the function performed) to carry out the preheating, vapori zation and possible overheating or heating phases in supercritical conditions of the same working fluid, a steam turbine for the expansion of the fluid, mechanically connected to an electric generator, a condenser which returns the organic working fluid to the liquid state .
  • pre-heater or evaporator also called pre-heater or evaporator, depending on the function performed
  • the superheated vapor phase has much lower exchange coef ficients than the liquid phase present in the recuperator .
  • the steam pressure is approximately 0 . 1- 0 . 2 bar absolute , a value which involves the presence of a steam that is not very dense and has high volumetric flow rates and low exchange coef ficients .
  • recuperator used is of the " finned batteries” type ( Tube Fin Heat Exchangers , also called “ finned coil heatexchangers” ) , commonly used also in civil ian sphere for air heat pumps , for refrigerators or condensers in general , for giving-of f or absorbing heat from ambient air .
  • finned batteries Tube Fin Heat Exchangers , also called “ finned coil heatexchangers”
  • finned coil heatexchangers commonly used also in civil ian sphere for air heat pumps , for refrigerators or condensers in general , for giving-of f or absorbing heat from ambient air .
  • the recuperator 1 includes at least one finned battery 2 and a casing 3 inside which the finned battery is contained .
  • the figure also illustrates the IN entry and OUT exit of the vapor of the organic working fluid, as well as its path inside the casing 3 .
  • the figure also illustrates the mani folds 4 , which collect the tubes containing the liquid phase of the organic working fluid, which tubes exchange heat inside the finned battery .
  • the mani folds 4 are in their standard configuration, i . e . ins ide the casing 3 of the recuperator 1 and are placed on the side where the cylindrical vessel is closed by domed bottoms .
  • the container containing the finned battery is normal ly closed with a cover (with rounded bottom) which is welded to the casing so that any removal/replacement of a finned battery, once installed is quite di f ficult and expensive , provided that the installation site has suf ficient space to allow its removal ,
  • a recuperator for ORC plants comprising at least one finned battery and a containment casing of the finned battery, and in which the tubular manifolds for the supply and the delivery of the liquid phase of the organic working fluid are external to the casing .
  • a recuperator for an organic Rankine cycle plant is therefore described, having the characteristics set out in the independent product claim attached to the present description .
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an example of a recuperator according to the known art
  • - figure 2 schematically illustrates a detail of a recuperator for ORC plants , according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • figure 2a illustrates a containment casing of the recuperator according to the embodiment of figure 2 ,
  • figure 2b illustrates the recuperator of figure 2 during a first assembly phase
  • figure 2c illustrates the recuperator of figure 2 in a final assembly phase
  • FIG. 3a illustrates a containment casing of the recuperator in a second embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3b illustrates the recuperator in an operational configuration .
  • the recuperator 20 , 30 includes a casing 21 , 31 inside which at least one finned battery 20a, 30a is located .
  • the vapor of the organic working fluid laps the fins of the finned battery inside the casing, while the liquid phase of the organic working fluid flows inside a plurality of tubes 24 , 34 .
  • the tubes 24 , 34 as well as being housed inside the finned battery 20a, 30a, include two end portions external to the finned battery: a first portion 24i, 34i has the function of adducting the liquid phase of the organic working fluid inside the finned battery; a second portion 24o, 34o has the function of delivering the liquid phase of the organic working fluid towards the other components of the ORC plant (for example, towards the pre-heaters) .
  • the suffix "i" (IN) will specify that the component in question is part of the adduction side of the liquid phase
  • suffix "o” will specify that the component in question is part of the delivery (or outlet) side of the liquid phase.
  • the suffixes "i" and "o" are missing, it will be understood that the component in question can belong indifferently to both the supply side and the delivery side.
  • a single finned battery will be described, keeping in mind that the recuperator according to the present invention may also include more than one finned battery.
  • a first embodiment of the recuperator 20 provides that the supply tubes 24i to the finned battery 20a and the delivery tubes 24o from the finned battery are welded to a corresponding external mani fold 251 , 25o which includes a cover 27 i , 27o and a tube plate 26i , 26o which is preferably flat .
  • the shape of the tube plates 26 is such as to reproduce a portion of the shell 22 of the casing 21 , so that once the tube plate 26 is inserted into the casing 21 it restores the integrity of the shell 22 .
  • openings 23i , 23o obtained by eliminating a part of the shell 22 which will then be "closed” by the corresponding tube plates 26i , 26o of the finned battery once the finned battery itsel f is inserted, as shown in figure 2c .
  • This first embodiment requires si zing the casing 21 so that there is suf ficient space to be able to carry out the assembly operation of the recuperator 20 inside the casing 21 .
  • FIG. 2b a first assembly configuration is illustrated according to which the finned battery 20a must first be inserted inside the casing 21 according to the axial direction of the casing 21 , maintaining the mani folds 25 ( and the corresponding tube plates 26 ) inside the casing 21 itsel f .
  • the finned battery 20a is translated according to a radial direction ( indicated by an arrow) , until the mani folds 25 protrude from the casing 21 in correspondence with the openings 23 and the tube plates 26 can restore , after welding, the integrity of the shell 22 .
  • the casing 21 will require a volume V which also includes the " lost" volume intrinsic to this solution .
  • Such extra volume is of considerable si ze but is essential to allow the transversal translation of the finned battery during assembly .
  • a second embodiment of the present invention which does not need to si ze the casing taking into account the need for an extra volume necessary for mounting the recuperator, is illustrated in figures 3a and 3b .
  • the recuperator 30 provides that the adduction tubes 34 i and the delivery tubes 34o are welded to a corresponding external mani fold 35i , 35o which includes a cover 37 i , 37o and a preferably flat tube plate 36i , 36o .
  • the shape of the tube plates 36 is such as to reproduce a portion of the shell 32 of the casing 31 , so that once the tube plate 36 is inserted into the casing 31 it restores , after welding, the integrity of the shell 32 .
  • openings 33i, 33o obtained by eliminating a part of the shell 32 which will then be "closed” by the corresponding tube plates 36i, 36o of the finned battery.
  • the difference compared to the previously described solution consists in the fact that, while the openings 23 of the solution in figure 2a are slotted according to a "closed” shape, the openings 33i, 33o of the solution in figure 3a are slotted according to an "open” shape, so being without of respective end edge 33 'i, 33 'o.
  • the finned battery 30a can be mounted according to a single operation (figure 3b) , i.e. it will be installed inside the casing 31 by translating it according to the axial direction of the casing 31 only and, thanks to the absence of the end edges 33' of the openings 33, until the manifolds 35 protrude from the casing 31 in correspondence with the openings 33 and the tube plates 36 can restore, after welding, the integrity of the shell 32.
  • the insertion of the finned battery 30a inside the casing 31 occurs without the need for a radial translation of the same and therefore without the need to provide an empty space inside the casing 31 to allow this translation, as in the previous solution. Therefore, given the same dimensions of the finned battery, according to this embodiment it is possible to use a casing with a smaller diameter and therefore less expensive .
  • the present procedure is simple and effective, as well as being consolidated as is usually done in a 'shell&tube' exchanger in which the exchanger tubes are supported on a flat plate which constitutes the circular head of the exchanger.
  • the cover 27, 37 can be bolted to the manifold 25, 35 after inserting a suitable pressed or welded sealing gasket; alternatively, the cover can be welded directly to the manifold.
  • connection of the tubes 24, 34 to the tube plate 26, 36 can also be achieved in different variations, all included within the scope of the present invention.
  • the tubes can be directly expanded or welded to the tube stubs; alternatively the tubes can be expanded or welded to tube sections of different material and/or thickness. These stubs in turn can be pre-expanded or pre-welded to the tube plate.
  • the solution according to the invention has several advantages: first of all, an ease of diagnosis of any internal damage, on the tube side, to the finned battery of the recuperator: with this solution the identification of any damaged tube is done directly from the outside of the recuperator casing, by removing the cover of the manifold only, which is in an external position and, therefore, is easily accessible ; a relative ease and safety of the exclusion intervention of any damaged tube(s) , which will be sealed without the need to access the inside of the casing and extract the entire finned battery.
  • the recuperator is not infrequently placed at high altitude or in places that are di f ficult to access .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un récupérateur (20, 30) pour une installation à cycle organique de Rankine actionné par un fluide de travail organique comprenant : au moins une batterie à ailettes (20, 30) ; une enveloppe (21, 31), délimitée par une calandre (22, 32) à l'intérieur de laquelle est logée au moins une batterie à ailettes (20a, 30a), de sorte qu'une phase vapeur du fluide de travail organique s'écoule vers l'extérieur d'au moins une batterie à ailettes (20a, 30a) et à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe (21, 31) ; une pluralité de tubes (24, 34) à l'intérieur desquels s'écoule la phase liquide du fluide de travail organique et qui sont partiellement situés à l'intérieur d'au moins une batterie à ailettes (20a, 30a), de sorte que la phase vapeur et la phase liquide du fluide de travail organique s'échangent de la chaleur ; une première partie terminale (24i, 34i) des tubes de la pluralité de tubes (24, 34), en contact avec un premier collecteur (25i, 35i) et externe à au moins une batterie à ailettes (20a, 30a) avec fonction d'adduction de la phase liquide du fluide de travail organique ; une seconde partie terminale (24o, 34o) des tubes de la pluralité de tubes (24, 34), venant en butée sur un second collecteur (25o, 35o) et externe à au moins une batterie à ailettes (20a, 30a) avec fonction de refoulement de la phase liquide du fluide de travail organique, le récupérateur (20, 30) étant caractérisé par le fait que : le premier collecteur (25i, 35i) et le second collecteur (25o, 35o) sont externes à l'enveloppe (21, 31) et sont pourvus d'une première plaque tubulaire (26i, 36i) et d'une seconde plaque tubulaire (26o, 36o) correspondantes, respectivement solidaires de la première partie terminale (24i, 34i) des tubes et de la seconde partie terminale (24o, 34o) des tubes ; la calandre (22, 32) de l'enveloppe (21, 32) est pourvue d'une première ouverture (23i, 33i) et d'une seconde ouverture (23o, 33o) ; la forme des plaques tubulaires (26i, 36i, 26o, 36o) reproduit la forme des ouvertures (23i, 33i, 23o, 33o), de sorte que les plaques tubulaires (26i, 36i, 26o, 36o) obturent les ouvertures correspondantes (23i, 33i, 23o, 33o), rétablissant ainsi, après soudage, l'intégrité de la calandre (22, 32).
PCT/IB2023/060359 2022-10-19 2023-10-13 Récupérateur à collecteurs externes pour installations à cycle organique de rankine WO2024084359A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT102022000021504 2022-10-19
IT202200021504 2022-10-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2024084359A1 true WO2024084359A1 (fr) 2024-04-25

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009082504A1 (fr) * 2007-12-21 2009-07-02 Doty Scientific, Inc. Récupérateur de composés gaz-gaz à haut rendement et compact, avec liquide intermédiaire
EP1426565B1 (fr) * 2002-11-11 2013-03-27 Turboden S.r.l. Groupe intégré d'échangeurs de chaleur thermiques pour une turbine à vapeur avec un fluide organique
WO2013150018A2 (fr) * 2012-04-03 2013-10-10 Equitherm S.À R.L. Dispositif de génération de puissance en fonction d'un cycle de rankine

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1426565B1 (fr) * 2002-11-11 2013-03-27 Turboden S.r.l. Groupe intégré d'échangeurs de chaleur thermiques pour une turbine à vapeur avec un fluide organique
WO2009082504A1 (fr) * 2007-12-21 2009-07-02 Doty Scientific, Inc. Récupérateur de composés gaz-gaz à haut rendement et compact, avec liquide intermédiaire
WO2013150018A2 (fr) * 2012-04-03 2013-10-10 Equitherm S.À R.L. Dispositif de génération de puissance en fonction d'un cycle de rankine

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