EP3835556A1 - Cycle de rankine organique hautement efficace avec décharge de chaleur flexible - Google Patents

Cycle de rankine organique hautement efficace avec décharge de chaleur flexible Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3835556A1
EP3835556A1 EP20211476.5A EP20211476A EP3835556A1 EP 3835556 A1 EP3835556 A1 EP 3835556A1 EP 20211476 A EP20211476 A EP 20211476A EP 3835556 A1 EP3835556 A1 EP 3835556A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rankine cycle
organic
condenser
organic rankine
heat
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Granted
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EP20211476.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3835556B1 (fr
Inventor
Andrea Duvia
Roberto Bini
Mario Gaia
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Turboden SpA
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Turboden SpA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/34—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a high efficiency, innovative organic Rankine cycle plant with flexible heat detachment.
  • thermodynamic cycle is defined as a finite succession of thermodynamic transformations (for example isotherm, isochore, isobaric or adiabatic) after which the system returns to its initial state.
  • thermodynamic transformations for example isotherm, isochore, isobaric or adiabatic
  • an ideal Rankine cycle is a thermodynamic cycle composed of two adiabatic transformations and two isobars with two phase changes, from liquid to vapor and from vapor to liquid. Its purpose is to turn heat into work.
  • This cycle is generally adopted above all in thermoelectric power plants for the production of electricity and uses water as the driving fluid, both in liquid form and in vapor form, and the corresponding expansion takes place in the so-called steam turbine.
  • ORC organic Rankine cycles
  • ORC cycles include, by way of example, one or more pumps for feeding the organic working fluid, one or more heat exchangers to carry out the preheating, vaporization and eventual overheating or heating phases in supercritical conditions of the same working fluid, a steam turbine for the expansion of the fluid, mechanically connected to an electric generator or an operating machine.
  • ORC cycles are also used for the production of electricity and for the exploitation of the heat recovered from the organic working fluid in the condenser.
  • ORC cycles the organic fluids used in them are characterized by a high molecular mass and consequently generate high volumetric flows in the turbine, even for intermediate pressure values. This would make less efficient their bleeding from the turbine.
  • ORC cycles normally use working fluids which are overheated during the expansion in the turbine.
  • the heat exploitation by an external user even by extracting the working fluid at intermediate pressure compared to the pressure drop in the turbine, is not thermodynamically very efficient, as the portion of de-overheating has a high temperature difference between the working fluid and the heat-transfer fluid of the thermal user.
  • the loss of efficiency is very significant due to the fact that in the de-overheating phase the organic vapor exchanges heat with the heat carrier of the user with a very high temperature difference.
  • FIG. 1 An organic Rankine cycle system with flexible heat detachment, according to the known technique, is shown in Figure 1 and comprises two distinct recuperators 3, 3' which use respectively, medium and low-pressure steam portions extracted from the turbine 2 along two different circuits, a first medium pressure circuit 10 and a second low pressure circuit 11.
  • the medium pressure recuperator 3 the organic liquid coming from the first high temperature condenser 4 is preheated whereas in the second low pressure recuperator 3' the organic liquid coming from the second low temperature condenser 4' is preheated.
  • Aim of the present invention is therefore to detach in an extremely efficient and flexible way the heat recovery from the organic working fluid, by defining an organic Rankine cycle in which the steam expanding inside the turbine is separated in two flows, one of which is tapped inside the turbine and has an intermediate pressure value with respect to the pressure drop of the turbine as a whole.
  • the expansion inside the turbine of a portion of the vapor generated by the organic fluid is limited.
  • the separation of a portion of the vapor takes place at a condensation pressure level, suitable to supply heat to the external user, whereas the remaining portion of the organic fluid vapor is expanded up to a lower pressure allowed by the heat absorption temperature of the thermal well (for example either a cooling tower or a dry cooler or air in a dry cooled direct air conditioner).
  • the aim of the present invention is to maximize the electrical efficiency, despite the fact that part of the heat is extracted to supply it to the thermal users before having completed its expansion up to its minimum condensation pressure.
  • the envisaged solution is then able to supply heat in a flexible way, as only the part of vapor necessary to satisfy the users condenses at intermediate pressure. If the heat required should vary over time, it is possible to vary the tapped quantity by effecting the complete expansion for the vapor portion not needed to satisfy the thermal user.
  • recuperators part of the heat contained in each of the two organic vapor flows, both the less expanded and the more expanded ones, is used in two recuperators at a medium and low pressure, which recover the heat downstream of the turbine in order to preheat the liquid of the organic fluid coming from the condensers.
  • recuperators allows to significantly increase the electrical efficiency.
  • the present invention defines an organic Rankine cycle which allows the flexible heat detachment according to independent claim 1.
  • the invention relates to a high efficiency heat detachment in an organic Rankine cycle.
  • An organic Rankine cycle 100 according to the known art is shown in Figure 1 and comprises:
  • the exergy in both organic vapor flows coming from the turbine 2 and provide with a high temperature (as the organic vapor tapped or exiting from turbine, is normally overheated or under supercritical conditions and therefore is at a temperature higher than that of condensation) is used in the two condensers 4, 4' for the recovery of the internal heat of the organic fluid and mainly of the latent condensation heat, at a temperature close to the temperature of the heat user and/or of the heat sink.
  • a first embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figure 2 .
  • the proposed organic Rankine cycle 200 comprises two turbines 2, 2' positioned in series.
  • the second turbine 2' is positioned downstream of the recuperator 3.
  • the flow of the organic steam leaving the generator 3 is divided into two flows, the first of which will reach the condenser 4 at a high temperature, whereas the remaining steam flow will continue its expansion in the turbine 2'.
  • the presence of only one recuperator 3 makes it simpler and more economic or at the expense of a slight reduction in the efficiency of the thermodynamic cycle of the same.
  • the realization of the low-pressure turbine 2' is more easily made through the low temperatures of the organic fluid to be expanded and through a reduced volumetric flow of organic vapor to be conveyed into the same turbine 2'.
  • the detachment of the steam can also be carried out inside a single turbine with intermediate extraction.
  • the proposed diagram allows to regulate the quantity of expanded steam at intermediate and low-pressure levels, thus adapting the cycle to the actual quantity of heat required by the heat users at a medium temperature.
  • FIG. 3 a second embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figure 3 .
  • the organic Rankine cycle 300 proposed here represents a more advanced solution of the diagram of Fig. 1 .
  • this ORC cycle 300 includes at least an additional preheater 301, 301' positioned in parallel to one or both the first and second recuperators 3, 3'.
  • Said preheaters 301, 301' preheat the working fluid coming from the condensers 4, 4' by means of the same thermal source (TH oil HT in/out) and/or by means of a lower temperature thermal source (TH oil LT in/out).
  • the cycle 300 allows to further optimize the ORC plant performance should heat be added from a heat source at a lower temperature, without significant loss of efficiency of the same cycle.
  • This is made possible bearing in mind that the heat capacity of the liquid is higher than the heat capacity of the vapor passing through the recuperator. Therefore, since the recuperator or both recuperators 3, 3' work with a lower flow of organic liquid, for the same vapor flow it will not be necessary to increase the heat exchange surfaces in order to guarantee the same preheating temperature.
  • the low-temperature circuit may be powered by an economizer of the combustion gases, thereby increasing the performance of the ORC cycle without the need for more fuel.
  • recuperator 3, 3' is still advantageous as it allows however to further increase the heat flow which can be used, and then the performance of the same cycle.
  • FIG. 4 A third embodiment of the present invention is shown in Fig. 4 .
  • the organic Rankine cycle 400 proposed here represents an evolution of diagram 3.
  • the cycle 400 differs from the cycle 300 in that the preheater 301' of the low-pressure circuit 11 is replaced by two preheaters 401', 402' in series between them and the recuperator 3' is replaced by two recuperators 403', 404' in series within each other.
  • the preheaters 401', 402' and the respective recuperators 403', 404' are in parallel with each other.
  • the cycle 400 allows to use additional heat from a heat source at a lower temperature (LT source in/out) in order to increase the performance of the same cycle.
  • the heat source could be for example the heat from a smoke condensation system and/or other low temperature sources.
  • the heat of the condenser 4 at high temperature could also be used, then by introducing an additional innovative regeneration in the cycle.
  • a fourth embodiment of the present invention is considered, according to which the heat exchanger 402' in parallel to the recuperator 404' extracts heat or directly from the condenser 4 at a high temperature (which provides heat by a medium-pressure steam condensation) or indirectly by means of a part of the fluid of the thermal user which has heated up in the condenser 4 at a high temperature (organic Rankine cycle 500, shown in Figure 5 ).
  • a fifth embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figure 6 .
  • This embodiment derives from the first embodiment, in which the proposed organic Rankine cycle 200 comprises two turbines 2, 2' positioned in series.
  • the organic Rankine cycle 600 comprises at least one further preheater 601, 601' positioned in parallel to one or both of the first and second recuperators 3, 3'. Said pre-heaters 601, 601' preheat the working fluid coming from condensers 4, 4' by means of the same thermal source (TH oil HT in/out) and/or by means of a lower temperature thermal source (TH oil LT in/out).
  • the organic Rankine cycle 600 represents the combination of the diagrams of Figure 2 and Figure 3 . Consequently, it reproduces the same advantages: the construction of the low-pressure turbine 2' is easier to make due to the low temperatures of the organic fluid to be expanded and the reduced volumetric flow of organic vapor to be conveyed into the turbine 2' itself; the cycle 600 also allows to further optimize the performance of the ORC plant if heat coming from a thermal source at a lower temperature should be added, without significant loss of efficiency of the cycle itself.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
EP20211476.5A 2019-12-10 2020-12-03 Cycle de rankine organique hautement efficace avec décharge de chaleur flexible Active EP3835556B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT102019000023364A IT201900023364A1 (it) 2019-12-10 2019-12-10 Ciclo rankine organico ad alta efficienza con disaccoppiamento flessibile del calore

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EP3835556A1 true EP3835556A1 (fr) 2021-06-16
EP3835556B1 EP3835556B1 (fr) 2022-06-01

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113898429A (zh) * 2021-11-09 2022-01-07 华北电力大学（保定） 超临界再热回热朗肯循环系统
WO2023148605A1 (fr) * 2022-02-01 2023-08-10 CRI, hf Intégration de chaleur
CN117432493A (zh) * 2023-12-18 2024-01-23 南京天加能源科技有限公司 一种应用于lng气化冷能回收的高效orc发电系统

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1936129A2 (fr) * 1998-02-05 2008-06-25 Exergy, Inc. Procédé et appareil de conversion de la chaleur en énergie utile
US20120131919A1 (en) * 2010-11-29 2012-05-31 Echogen Power Systems, Llc Driven starter pump and start sequence
US20150076831A1 (en) * 2013-09-05 2015-03-19 Echogen Power Systems, L.L.C. Heat Engine System Having a Selectively Configurable Working Fluid Circuit

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1936129A2 (fr) * 1998-02-05 2008-06-25 Exergy, Inc. Procédé et appareil de conversion de la chaleur en énergie utile
US20120131919A1 (en) * 2010-11-29 2012-05-31 Echogen Power Systems, Llc Driven starter pump and start sequence
US20150076831A1 (en) * 2013-09-05 2015-03-19 Echogen Power Systems, L.L.C. Heat Engine System Having a Selectively Configurable Working Fluid Circuit

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113898429A (zh) * 2021-11-09 2022-01-07 华北电力大学（保定） 超临界再热回热朗肯循环系统
CN113898429B (zh) * 2021-11-09 2023-07-21 华北电力大学（保定） 超临界再热回热朗肯循环系统
WO2023148605A1 (fr) * 2022-02-01 2023-08-10 CRI, hf Intégration de chaleur
CN117432493A (zh) * 2023-12-18 2024-01-23 南京天加能源科技有限公司 一种应用于lng气化冷能回收的高效orc发电系统
CN117432493B (zh) * 2023-12-18 2024-03-01 南京天加能源科技有限公司 一种应用于lng气化冷能回收的高效orc发电系统

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IT201900023364A1 (it) 2021-06-10
EP3835556B1 (fr) 2022-06-01

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