WO2024082715A1 - 功率变换系统及其纹波电流抑制方法 - Google Patents

功率变换系统及其纹波电流抑制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024082715A1
WO2024082715A1 PCT/CN2023/105306 CN2023105306W WO2024082715A1 WO 2024082715 A1 WO2024082715 A1 WO 2024082715A1 CN 2023105306 W CN2023105306 W CN 2023105306W WO 2024082715 A1 WO2024082715 A1 WO 2024082715A1
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Prior art keywords
current
output current
conversion units
bus capacitor
input
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PCT/CN2023/105306
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈东
陆丰隆
唐云宇
石磊
辛凯
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华为数字能源技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2024082715A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024082715A1/zh

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/01Arrangements for reducing harmonics or ripples
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of power electronics technology, and in particular to a power conversion system and a ripple current suppression method thereof.
  • a new energy power generation system usually includes multiple DC conversion circuits, bus capacitors and inverter circuits.
  • the DC conversion circuit can convert the electric energy provided by power supply units such as solar power generation units, wind power generation units or energy storage batteries into DC power, and transmit it to the inverter circuit after passing through the DC bus.
  • the inverter circuit converts the DC power into AC power and outputs it to the public power grid.
  • the bus capacitor is connected in parallel to the DC bus to maintain the voltage of the DC bus.
  • the bus capacitor can absorb the high-frequency ripple caused by the high-frequency switching operation of the DC conversion circuit and the inverter circuit, as well as the industrial frequency ripple mapped to the DC bus by the public power grid.
  • the present application provides a power conversion system and a ripple current suppression method thereof, which can improve the suppression effect of bus capacitor ripple current without significantly reducing the output power of the power conversion system, reduce the loss of bus capacitor, and improve the long-term reliability of the power conversion system.
  • the present application provides a power conversion system, which includes a controller, M DC conversion units, a bus capacitor and an inverter unit, wherein the input end of each DC conversion unit in the M DC conversion units is respectively connected to a DC power supply, the output ends of the M DC conversion units are connected in parallel to the input end of the inverter unit, the bus capacitor is connected in parallel with the input end of the inverter unit, and the output end of the inverter unit is used to connect to a power grid or a load; the controller is used to control N DC conversion units in the M DC conversion units to adjust the output current/input current when the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor is greater than a first threshold value, so as to reduce the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor.
  • Ripple refers to the AC component superimposed on the DC stable quantity in the DC voltage or current.
  • the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor may refer to the peak value or effective value of the ripple current.
  • the controller of the power conversion system controls one or part of the DC conversion units to adjust the output current/input current, and controls another part of the DC conversion units to maintain normal power output, thereby reducing the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor without significantly reducing the output power of the power conversion system, reducing the loss of the bus capacitor, and extending the service life of the bus capacitor, thereby improving the long-term reliability of the power conversion system.
  • the controller is used to determine that the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor is greater than the first threshold when the output current of the inverter unit or the sum of the input currents of the M DC conversion units is greater than the second threshold.
  • the second threshold may include a first output current threshold and a first input current threshold, both of which can be used to compare with the output current of the inverter unit and the sum of the input currents of the M DC conversion units, respectively. They can be different values or equal values.
  • the output current of the inverter unit is greater than the second threshold, which can be understood as the three-phase currents in the output current of the inverter unit are all greater than the second threshold, or the sum of the three-phase currents in the output current of the inverter unit is greater than the second threshold, which is specifically determined according to the actual application scenario.
  • the output current of the inverter unit or the sum of the input currents of the M DC conversion units reflects the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor, and the current value can be obtained using an existing current sampling device, which is conducive to reducing circuit costs and system complexity.
  • the controller is used to control the N DC conversion units among the M DC conversion units to adjust the output current/input current when the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor is greater than the first threshold, and output a current in the opposite direction to the ripple current of the bus capacitor, so as to reduce the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor through the current superposition and cancellation effect. It is understandable that when the controller controls the DC conversion unit to adjust the output current or input current, the DC conversion unit will output a current that meets the requirements (that is, the current direction is opposite to the ripple current direction of the bus capacitor).
  • the controller is used to generate an output current control signal, and based on the output current control signal, controls The N DC conversion units work to adjust the output current of the N DC conversion units.
  • the controller is used to generate an input current control signal, and based on the input current control signal, the N DC conversion units are controlled to work to adjust the input current of the N DC conversion units.
  • the input current and output current of the DC conversion unit meet a preset proportional relationship, and the preset proportional relationship can be determined by the load demand or circuit element demand in the actual application scenario.
  • the controller controls the N DC conversion units to work to adjust their output current by generating an output current control signal, and the ripple of the output current of the DC conversion unit can be adjusted, so that the ripple current amplitude flowing through the bus capacitor can be reduced accordingly, thereby reducing the loss of the bus capacitor and improving the long-term reliability of the power conversion system.
  • the controller can also control the N DC conversion units to work to adjust their input current by generating an input current control signal.
  • the output current of the DC conversion unit can be indirectly controlled, thereby suppressing the ripple current of the bus capacitor, extending the service life of the bus capacitor, and ensuring the long-term reliability of the power conversion system.
  • the controller is used to obtain a first output current reference based on the capacitive current of the bus capacitor, and to generate the output current control signal based on the first output current reference and the output current sampling values of the N DC conversion units.
  • the first output current reference may be a current signal in the opposite direction to the ripple current of the bus capacitor.
  • the controller is used to obtain a first input current reference based on the capacitive current of the bus capacitor, and to generate the input current control signal based on the first input current reference and the input current sampling values of the N DC conversion units.
  • the first input current reference is also a current signal in the opposite direction to the ripple current of the bus capacitor.
  • the magnitude of the ripple current included in the capacitive current of the bus capacitor can be accurately obtained, and the first output current reference is generated based on the capacitive current of the bus capacitor. Accordingly, the output current control signal generated based on the first output current reference can effectively reduce the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor, thereby ensuring a good ripple current suppression effect.
  • the ripple in the output current of the DC conversion unit can be indirectly adjusted based on the input current control signal, which can also effectively reduce the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor.
  • the controller is used to:
  • a low-frequency component of the capacitor current is obtained based on the capacitor current, and the first output current reference or the first input current reference is obtained based on the low-frequency component of the capacitor current.
  • the above-mentioned low-frequency component is a relative concept, and may include a relatively low-frequency and relatively large portion of the AC component of the capacitor current, which may be determined specifically according to the actual application scenario.
  • the above methods are used to obtain the first input current reference/first output current reference to control the output current of the DC conversion unit, which can effectively suppress the current ripple of the bus capacitor, and is beneficial to reducing the loss of the bus capacitor and improving the long-term reliability of the power conversion system.
  • the controller is used to obtain a second output current reference based on the output current of the inverter unit, and to generate the output current control signal based on the second output current reference and the output current sampling values of the N DC conversion units.
  • the controller is used to obtain a second input current reference based on the output current of the inverter unit, and to generate the input current control signal based on the second input current reference and the input current sampling values of the N DC conversion units.
  • the sum of the three-phase currents in the output current of the inverter unit can reflect the current ripple of the bus capacitor.
  • the controller obtains the second output current reference based on the sum of the three-phase currents, and generates an output current control signal based on this to control the DC conversion unit to adjust the output current. It is not necessary to add an additional capacitor current sampling module for the bus capacitor, and the existing output current sampling module of the power conversion system is still used to suppress the bus capacitor current ripple, thereby saving circuit cost and reducing circuit complexity.
  • the DC conversion unit can be indirectly controlled to adjust the output current. In this way, there is no need to add a sampling module for the capacitor current of the bus capacitor, and the existing input current sampling module of the power conversion system can still be used to suppress the current ripple of the bus capacitor, which is beneficial to saving circuit costs and reducing circuit complexity.
  • the controller is used to:
  • an envelope of the sum of the three-phase currents in the output current of the inverter unit is obtained, and based on the envelope of the sum of the three-phase currents, the second output current reference or the second input current reference is obtained;
  • a low-frequency component of the sum of three-phase currents in the output current of the inverter unit is obtained, and based on the low-frequency component of the sum of three-phase currents, the second output current reference or the second input current reference is obtained.
  • the low-frequency component/envelope of the sum of the three-phase currents in the output current of the inverter unit can accurately reflect the current ripple of the bus capacitor.
  • These methods are used to obtain the second output current reference/second input current reference to control the output current of the DC conversion unit, which can effectively suppress the current ripple of the bus capacitor, help reduce the loss of the bus capacitor, and improve the long-term reliability of the power conversion system.
  • the circuit cost is increased additionally, and the applicability is strong.
  • the controller is used to control K of the M DC conversion units to adjust the output current/input current to reduce the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor when the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor is greater than a third threshold, the third threshold is greater than or equal to the first threshold, and K is an integer less than M.
  • the controller is also used to control the K DC conversion units to adjust the output current/input current to reduce the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor, and when the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor is greater than a fourth threshold, control the T other DC conversion units in the M DC conversion units except the K DC conversion units to adjust the output current/input current to reduce the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor, and the fourth threshold is greater than or equal to the third threshold.
  • the N DC conversion units to adjust the output current/input current in sequence according to the magnitude of the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor, so as to gradually affect the input current of the DC bus in the power conversion system, thereby achieving the suppression of the ripple current of the bus capacitor.
  • by controlling multiple DC conversion units to gradually switch to the current ripple suppression mode it is possible to control as many DC conversion units as possible to still work in the normal mode while suppressing the ripple current of the bus capacitor to improve the overall power of the power conversion system.
  • the controller is further configured to:
  • the above-mentioned T other DC conversion units are controlled to adjust the output current/input current to reduce the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor, and the ripple current amplitude of the above-mentioned bus capacitor is less than the above-mentioned third threshold
  • the above-mentioned T other DC conversion units are controlled to work based on a reference control signal to adjust the input current/input voltage of the above-mentioned T other DC conversion units, and the reference control signal is obtained based on a preset current reference or a preset voltage reference.
  • the reference control signal can be a control signal when the controller controls the DC conversion unit to work normally to output power.
  • the controller can control the working state of the DC conversion unit accordingly based on the real-time change of the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor, and timely control the DC conversion unit that was previously working in the current wave suppression mode to switch back to the normal mode when the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor is small, so as to ensure the overall output power of the power conversion system.
  • the controller is further configured to:
  • the K DC conversion units are controlled to adjust the output current/input current to suppress the ripple current of the bus capacitor, and the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor is less than the third threshold, one or more of the K DC conversion units are controlled to work based on the reference control signal to adjust the input current/input voltage of the one or more DC conversion units.
  • the controller sequentially controls some of the DC conversion units working in the current ripple suppression mode to switch back to the normal mode, so as to improve the output power of the power conversion system while suppressing the ripple current of the bus capacitor. In this way, the service life of the bus capacitor can be extended, and the output power of the power conversion system can be guaranteed, so as to achieve a balance between the working efficiency and long-term reliability of the power conversion system.
  • the present application provides a ripple current suppression method for a power conversion system, the method being applied to a controller in a power conversion system, the power conversion system further comprising M DC conversion units, a bus capacitor and an inverter unit, the input end of each DC conversion unit in the M DC conversion units being respectively connected to a DC power supply, the output ends of the M DC conversion units being connected in parallel to the input end of the inverter unit, the bus capacitor being connected in parallel to the input end of the inverter unit, and the output end of the inverter unit being used to connect to a power grid or a load; the method comprising:
  • N DC conversion units among the M DC conversion units are controlled to adjust the output current/input current to reduce the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor, wherein M is an integer greater than or equal to 2, and N is an integer less than M and greater than or equal to 1.
  • the method further includes:
  • controlling N DC conversion units among the M DC conversion units to adjust the output current/input current to reduce the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor includes:
  • the above-mentioned N DC conversion units among the above-mentioned M DC conversion units are controlled to adjust the output current/input current, and output a current in the opposite direction to the ripple current of the above-mentioned bus capacitor, so as to reduce the ripple current amplitude of the above-mentioned bus capacitor through the current superposition and cancellation effect.
  • the above-mentioned controlling N DC conversion units among the M DC conversion units to adjust the output current includes:
  • An output current control signal is generated, and the N DC conversion units are controlled to operate based on the output current control signal to adjust the output currents of the N DC conversion units.
  • the controlling of N DC conversion units among the M DC conversion units to adjust the input current includes:
  • An input current control signal is generated, and the N DC conversion units are controlled to operate based on the input current control signal to adjust the input currents of the N DC conversion units.
  • the above-mentioned generating the output current control signal includes:
  • a first output current reference is obtained based on the capacitance current of the bus capacitor, and the output current control signal is generated based on the first output current reference and the output current sampling values of the N DC conversion units.
  • the generating of the input current control signal comprises:
  • a first input current reference is obtained based on the capacitive current of the bus capacitor, and the input current control signal is generated based on the first input current reference and the input current sampling values of the N DC conversion units.
  • the obtaining of the first output current reference based on the capacitive current of the bus capacitor includes:
  • a low-frequency component of the capacitor current is obtained based on the capacitor current, and the first output current reference is obtained based on the low-frequency component of the capacitor current.
  • the above-mentioned generating the output current control signal includes:
  • a second output current reference is obtained, and based on the second output current reference and the output current sampling values of the N DC conversion units, the output current control signal is generated.
  • the generating of the input current control signal comprises:
  • a second input current reference is obtained, and based on the second input current reference and the input current sampling values of the N DC conversion units, the input current control signal is generated.
  • obtaining the second output current reference based on the output current of the inverter unit includes:
  • an envelope of the sum of the three-phase currents in the output current of the inverter unit is obtained, and based on the envelope of the sum of the three-phase currents, the second output current reference is obtained;
  • a low-frequency component of the sum of three-phase currents in the output current of the inverter unit is obtained, and based on the low-frequency component of the sum of the three-phase currents, the second output current reference is obtained.
  • controlling N DC conversion units among the M DC conversion units to adjust the output current/input current to reduce the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor includes:
  • the above method further includes:
  • T other DC conversion units among the M DC conversion units except the K DC conversion units are controlled to adjust the output current/input current to reduce the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor, and the fourth threshold is greater than or equal to the third threshold.
  • the above method further includes:
  • the above-mentioned T other DC conversion units When controlling the above-mentioned T other DC conversion units to adjust the output current/input current to reduce the ripple current amplitude of the above-mentioned bus capacitor, and the ripple current amplitude of the above-mentioned bus capacitor is less than the above-mentioned fourth threshold, the above-mentioned T other DC conversion units are controlled to operate based on a reference control signal to adjust the input current/input voltage of the above-mentioned T other DC conversion units, and the above-mentioned reference control signal is obtained based on a preset current reference or a preset voltage reference.
  • the above method further includes:
  • one or more DC conversion units among the K DC conversion units are controlled to operate based on the reference control signal to adjust the input current/input voltage of the one or more DC conversion units.
  • the controller controls one or part of the DC conversion units included in the power conversion system to adjust their output current/input current based on the output current control signal/input current control signal to reduce the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor, and controls the other part of the DC conversion units to still maintain the original power output, thereby suppressing the ripple current of the bus capacitor without significantly reducing the output power of the power conversion system, extending the service life of the capacitor, and improving the long-term reliability of the system.
  • the above-mentioned output current control signal/input current control signal can be obtained based on the capacitor current of the bus capacitor, and can also be obtained based on the sum of the three-phase currents in the output current of the power conversion system.
  • the above-mentioned capacitor current or the sum of the three-phase currents can accurately reflect the current ripple of the bus capacitor. Therefore, the use of this application can enhance the suppression effect of the bus capacitor ripple current, which is beneficial to reduce the loss of the bus capacitor and improve the long-term reliability of the power conversion system.
  • the controller in the present application can also be used in the ripple current of the bus capacitor.
  • the plurality of DC conversion units are controlled step by step to adjust the output current/input current to suppress the ripple current of the bus capacitor; or when the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor becomes smaller, the plurality of DC conversion units are reversely controlled step by step to work in the normal mode based on the reference control signal, so that the DC conversion units resume normal power output. In this way, while suppressing the ripple current of the bus capacitor, as many DC conversion units as possible can be controlled to work normally to improve the overall power of the power conversion system.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of a power conversion system provided by the present application.
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of another application scenario of the power conversion system provided by the present application.
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a ripple current waveform
  • FIG4 is a control block diagram of a controller in a power conversion system controlling the operation of a DC conversion unit
  • FIG5 is another control block diagram of the controller in the power conversion system controlling the operation of the DC conversion unit
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a power conversion system provided by the present application.
  • FIG7a is a control block diagram of a controller in a power conversion system provided by the present application controlling the operation of a DC conversion unit;
  • FIG7b is another control block diagram of the controller in the power conversion system provided by the present application controlling the operation of the DC conversion unit;
  • FIG7c is another control block diagram of the controller in the power conversion system provided by the present application controlling the operation of the DC conversion unit;
  • FIG7d is another control block diagram of the controller in the power conversion system provided by the present application controlling the operation of the DC conversion unit;
  • FIG8a is another control block diagram of the controller in the power conversion system provided by the present application controlling the operation of the DC conversion unit;
  • FIG8b is another control block diagram of the controller in the power conversion system provided by the present application controlling the operation of the DC conversion unit;
  • FIG8c is another control block diagram of the controller in the power conversion system provided by the present application controlling the operation of the DC conversion unit;
  • FIG8d is another control block diagram of the controller in the power conversion system provided by the present application controlling the operation of the DC conversion unit;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic flow chart of a ripple current suppression method for a power conversion system provided in the present application.
  • New energy power generation is of great significance in the power industry.
  • the small network formed by new energy power generation is incorporated into the public power grid, which can improve the reliability and safety of the public power grid, help expand the coverage of the public power grid, save costs, etc.
  • the new energy power generation system can obtain direct current by using solar energy, wind energy and supporting energy storage systems, and then convert the direct current into alternating current of the mains frequency and output it to the public power grid.
  • the module used to convert the direct current input by the power supply (such as photovoltaic array, wind turbine, energy storage battery, etc.) into alternating current can be called a power conversion system.
  • the power conversion system provided in this application can be applied to the power supply of various types of electrical equipment such as base station equipment or household equipment (such as refrigerators, air conditioners, etc.), which can be determined according to the actual application scenario, and is not limited here.
  • the power conversion system provided in this application can be adapted to different application scenarios, such as solar power supply scenarios and solar energy storage battery hybrid power supply scenarios, which can be determined according to the actual application scenario, and is not limited here.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of a power conversion system provided by the present application.
  • the power conversion system provided by the present application may include a controller (not shown in FIG. 1 ), M (M is greater than or equal to 2) DC conversion units, a bus capacitor and an inverter unit.
  • M M is greater than or equal to 2
  • DC conversion units DC conversion units
  • the input end of the DC conversion unit can be used as the input end of the power conversion system
  • the input end of each DC conversion unit in the M DC conversion units is connected to the output end of a DC power supply, that is, each DC conversion unit is individually connected to a DC power supply
  • the DC power supply can be a photovoltaic array (as shown in FIG. 1 ) or an energy storage battery (as shown in FIG. 2 , FIG.
  • FIG. 2 is another schematic diagram of an application scenario of a power conversion system provided by the present application, and m in FIG. 2 is equal to the above-mentioned M numerical value).
  • the output ends of the above-mentioned M DC conversion units are connected in parallel to the DC bus, and the input end of the above-mentioned inverter unit is connected to the DC bus, that is, the output ends of multiple DC conversion units are connected in parallel to the input end of the inverter unit.
  • the bus capacitor is connected in parallel with the input end of the inverter unit, that is, the bus capacitor is connected to the DC bus.
  • the output end of the inverter unit can be connected to a power grid (also called an AC power grid or a public power grid) or a load, etc.
  • a power grid also called an AC power grid or a public power grid
  • the multiple DC conversion units included in the above-mentioned power conversion system are used to convert the variable DC power input by multiple DC power supplies into a DC power with controllable voltage or current
  • the inverter unit is used to convert the DC power output by the DC conversion unit into AC power
  • the controller is used to control the operation of the DC conversion unit and the inverter unit
  • the bus capacitor is used to maintain the voltage of the DC bus, and is also used to absorb the high-frequency ripple caused by the high-frequency switching operation of the DC conversion unit and the inverter unit, and absorb the power frequency ripple mapped to the DC bus by the public power grid.
  • ripple refers to the AC component superimposed on the DC stable quantity in the DC voltage or current.
  • ripple refers to the AC component other than the DC stable quantity.
  • Figure 3 is a waveform diagram of a ripple current, and the ripple current is a signal that approximates a sine wave.
  • the size of the ripple can be expressed by an effective value or a peak value.
  • the current flowing through the bus capacitor includes a ripple current.
  • the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor may refer to the ripple current.
  • the DC power supply that provides the DC input current/DC input voltage for the DC conversion unit in the power conversion system may be different.
  • the DC power supply may be a photovoltaic array, a solar panel, etc.
  • the scenario shown in FIG. 1 may be a solar power supply scenario, etc.
  • the DC power supply may be an energy storage battery, etc.
  • the scenario shown in FIG. 2 may be a solar energy storage battery hybrid power supply scenario, etc., and the present application does not limit this.
  • the control logic of the controller in the power conversion system to control the operation of the DC conversion unit may be different.
  • FIG. 4 is a control block diagram of the controller in the power conversion system to control the operation of the DC conversion unit.
  • the working scenario of the DC conversion unit is shown in FIG. 1, that is, the input end of the DC conversion unit is connected to the output end of the photovoltaic array.
  • the input signal received by the controller is the input current i dc of the DC conversion unit and the input voltage v dc of the DC conversion unit.
  • i dc and v dc are the output current and output voltage of the photovoltaic array, respectively.
  • the controller generates a control signal based on the input signal, and controls the operation of the DC conversion unit based on the control signal.
  • the controller may include a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control module and a DC voltage control module.
  • the MPPT control module generates an input voltage reference v dc_ref for realizing maximum power point tracking of the photovoltaic array based on i dc and v dc
  • the DC voltage control module generates a control signal for controlling the DC conversion unit based on the input voltage reference v dc_ref and the input voltage v dc of the DC conversion unit.
  • the controller of the power conversion system may control the input voltage of the DC conversion unit so that the DC conversion unit transmits the maximum power of the photovoltaic array.
  • FIG5 is another control block diagram of the controller in the power conversion system controlling the operation of the DC conversion unit.
  • the working scenario of the DC conversion unit is shown in FIG2 , that is, the input end of the DC conversion unit is connected to the output end of the energy storage battery.
  • the input signal received by the controller is the input current i dc and input voltage v dc of the DC conversion unit.
  • i dc and v dc are the output current and output voltage of the energy storage battery, respectively.
  • the controller generates a control signal based on the input signal, and controls the operation of the DC conversion unit based on the control signal.
  • the controller may include a DC voltage control module, a DC current control module, and a selector.
  • the DC voltage control module generates a first signal according to the input voltage reference v dc_ref and the input voltage v dc ; the DC current control module generates a second signal according to the input current reference i dc_ref and the input current i dc ; the selector selects one of the first and second signals as a control signal for controlling the DC conversion unit.
  • the controller of the power conversion system can control the input current or input voltage of the DC conversion unit so that the DC conversion unit can controllably discharge or charge the energy storage battery.
  • the controller in the power conversion system provided in the present application controls N (N less than M and greater than or equal to 1) DC conversion units among M (M greater than or equal to 2) DC conversion units included in the power conversion system to adjust the output current/input current to reduce the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor and suppress the ripple current of the bus capacitor when the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor is greater than a first threshold value.
  • the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor is reduced, and controlling another part of the DC conversion units to maintain normal power output, thereby suppressing the ripple current of the bus capacitor without significantly reducing the output power of the power conversion system, reducing the loss of the bus capacitor, extending the service life of the bus capacitor, and improving the long-term reliability of the power conversion system.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a power conversion system provided by the present application.
  • the power conversion system includes a controller, M DC conversion units (m is shown in FIG. 6 , m ⁇ 2, and m is equal to M), a bus capacitor, and an inverter unit.
  • M DC conversion units m is shown in FIG. 6 , m ⁇ 2, and m is equal to M
  • the input end of each DC conversion unit in the M DC conversion units is respectively connected to a DC power supply
  • the output end of the M DC conversion units is connected in parallel to the DC bus
  • the input end of the inverter unit is connected to the DC bus, that is, the output ends of the M DC conversion units are connected in parallel to the input end of the inverter unit.
  • the bus capacitor is connected in parallel to the input end of the inverter unit, and the bus capacitor is connected to the DC bus.
  • the output end of the inverter unit can be connected to a power grid or a load as the output end of the power conversion system, and the output end of the inverter unit includes a three-phase output end.
  • the at least two DC conversion units may include a DC conversion unit 1, ... a DC conversion unit i, ... a DC conversion unit m.
  • the input current/input voltage of each DC conversion unit is equal to the output current/output voltage of the DC power supply connected to the DC conversion unit.
  • the sum of the output currents of the M DC conversion units is equal to the input current of the DC bus, the input current of the inverter unit is equal to the output current of the DC bus, and the output current of the inverter unit is the output current of the inverter power conversion system.
  • the input current and input voltage of the DC conversion unit i are i dc_i and v dc_i respectively, the sum of the output currents of the m DC conversion units is i in , the input current of the inverter unit is i out , the output current of the inverter unit includes three-phase currents i a , i b , and ic , the output voltage of the inverter unit includes three-phase voltages va , v b , and v c , and the capacitive current of the bus capacitor is i bus .
  • the capacitive current i bus flowing through the bus capacitor is equal to the difference between the input current i in of the DC bus and the output current i out of the DC bus. It can be understood that the ripple current of the bus capacitor is the AC part of the capacitive current flowing through the bus capacitor. The increase in ripple current will increase the loss of the bus capacitor and reduce its service life.
  • the photovoltaic array uses the photovoltaic effect to generate electric energy or the electric energy stored in the energy storage battery to provide M DC conversion units in the power conversion system, and these DC conversion units realize voltage/current conversion and transmit it to the inverter unit after passing through the DC bus.
  • the inverter unit converts the electric energy into
  • the circuit topology of the DC conversion unit and the inverter unit in the above power conversion system can be an isolated circuit topology or a non-isolated circuit topology, which can be determined according to the actual application scenario requirements and is not limited here.
  • the controller may be coupled to M DC conversion units, bus capacitors, and inverter units, respectively, and the controller may be used to control N (N is less than M and greater than or equal to 1) DC conversion units in the M DC conversion units to adjust the output current/input current when the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor is greater than the first threshold value, so as to reduce the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor.
  • N is less than M and greater than or equal to 1
  • the controller may control the N DC conversion units to adjust the output current/input current, or may maintain the original control logic, which may be specifically set according to the actual application scenario.
  • the present application does not limit the execution steps of the controller. Among them, whether the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor is greater than the first threshold value can actually be determined based on whether the output current or input current of the power conversion system is greater than the second threshold value.
  • the output current of the power conversion system may refer to the output current of the inverter unit included in the power conversion system, and the input current of the power conversion system may refer to the sum of the input currents of the M DC conversion units included in the power conversion system.
  • the controller determines that the ripple current of the bus capacitor is greater than the first threshold.
  • N DC conversion units among the M DC conversion units can be controlled to adjust the output current/input current to reduce the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor.
  • the second threshold may include a first output current threshold and a first input current threshold, and these two thresholds may be set to different values or equal values, which are determined according to the actual application scenario, and are not limited by this application.
  • the first output current threshold and the first input current threshold can be used to compare with the output current of the inverter unit and the sum of the input currents of the M DC conversion units, respectively. That is to say, when the output current of the inverter unit is greater than the first output current threshold, or when the sum of the input currents of the M DC conversion units is greater than the first input current threshold, the controller can be used to control N DC conversion units among the M DC conversion units to adjust their respective output currents/input currents to achieve suppression of the ripple current of the bus capacitor. For the convenience of description, the following will be described by taking the output current of the inverter unit being greater than the second threshold as an example.
  • the controller of the power conversion system can control one or part of the DC conversion units from the DC conversion unit 1 to the DC conversion unit m to adjust the output current/input current, for example, control the DC conversion unit 1 to adjust its output current or input current to adjust the ripple of the input current of the DC bus, thereby reducing the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor and achieving suppression of the ripple current of the bus capacitor.
  • the output current of the inverter unit is greater than the second threshold value, which may mean that the three-phase currents in the output current of the inverter unit ( ia , ib and ic as shown in Figure 6) are all greater than the second threshold value, that is, the three-phase currents increase synchronously, or it may mean that the sum of the three-phase currents in the output current of the inverter unit is greater than the second threshold value, and the present application is not limited to this.
  • the number of controllers included in the above power conversion system may be one, and the controller may be the main control unit in the power conversion system, that is, the controller is a functional unit in the power conversion system that is independent of the DC conversion unit, the bus capacitor and the inverter unit.
  • the controller may be coupled with M DC conversion units, bus capacitors and inverter units respectively, and may be used to obtain the output current of the inverter unit and the input current of each of the M DC conversion units in the power conversion system shown in FIG6, and when the output current of the inverter unit or the sum of the input currents of the M DC conversion units is greater than the second threshold, it is determined that the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor is greater than the first threshold, and the N DC conversion units in the M DC conversion units are controlled to adjust the output current/input current to reduce the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor.
  • the number of controllers may also be multiple.
  • each DC conversion unit and inverter unit in the power conversion system may correspond to a controller respectively, and these controllers may realize information interaction with the main controller of the power conversion system.
  • the information interaction mode between these controllers and the main controller may be through control bus communication, wireless communication, etc., which may be determined according to the actual application scenario, and the operation is flexible and the applicability is high.
  • the controller corresponding to any DC conversion unit/inverter unit in the power conversion system may be a functional unit independent of the DC conversion unit/inverter unit, or the controller corresponding to any DC conversion unit/inverter unit may also be a functional unit in the DC conversion unit/inverter unit.
  • the controller may be integrated in the DC conversion unit/inverter corresponding to the controller, which may be determined according to the actual application scenario and is not limited here.
  • any controller may be used to obtain the input current/output current of the DC conversion unit/inverter unit corresponding to the controller, and transmit the current value to the main controller of the power conversion system.
  • the main controller controls N DC conversion units among the M DC conversion units to adjust the output current/input current to reduce the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor.
  • the DC conversion unit when the controller controls the operation of the DC conversion unit based on the control block diagram shown in FIG. 4 or 5, the DC conversion unit can be said to be operating in a normal mode.
  • the controller when the controller controls the DC conversion unit to adjust the output current/input current to reduce the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor, the DC conversion unit can be said to be operating in a current ripple suppression mode. That is, when the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor exceeds the limit (such as greater than the first threshold), the controller can control N of the M DC conversion units to switch from the normal mode to the current ripple suppression mode, so that the N DC conversion units adjust their output current or input current, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor.
  • the DC conversion unit adjusting the output current is taken as an example for explanation below. Controller control
  • the process of switching the working modes of the N DC conversion units from the normal mode to the current ripple suppression mode may include but is not limited to the following methods:
  • Method 1 Control the N DC conversion units to switch from the normal mode to the current ripple suppression mode at the same time, and the value of N corresponds to multiple current ranges one by one, and the corresponding relationship can be obtained from experimental or test data.
  • the value of N can be determined based on the current range in which the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor (which can actually be reflected as the output current of the inverter unit or the sum of the input currents of the M DC conversion units) is located.
  • the following is an example of using the output current of the inverter unit to reflect the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor.
  • the current output current of the inverter unit is obtained, and when it is greater than the second threshold, the output current of the inverter unit is compared with multiple current ranges, and the N DC conversion units are controlled to switch from the normal mode to the current ripple suppression mode at the same time based on the current range in which the output current of the inverter unit is located, so that the current ripple amplitude of the bus capacitor can be reduced to meet the requirements when the output current of the inverter unit is in different current ranges.
  • three current ranges (A1-A2, A2-A3, above A3, A3>A2, A2>A1, A1 is greater than or equal to the second threshold) are used as examples for explanation.
  • the N1 DC conversion units are directly controlled to switch from the normal mode to the current ripple suppression mode; if the output current of the inverter unit is in the range of A2-A3, then the N2 (N2>N1) DC conversion units are directly controlled to switch from the normal mode to the current ripple suppression mode; if the output current of the inverter unit is above A3, then the N3 (M>N3>N2) DC conversion units are directly controlled to switch from the normal mode to the current ripple suppression mode.
  • the corresponding number of DC conversion units are controlled to work in the current ripple suppression mode at the same time based on the size of the output current of the inverter unit, that is, these DC conversion units are controlled to adjust their output currents together.
  • the current ripple amplitude of the bus capacitor can be reduced to meet the requirements as quickly as possible, ensuring the suppression effect of the ripple current of the bus capacitor.
  • Mode 2 Control N DC conversion units to switch from normal mode to current ripple suppression mode in sequence. Specifically, when the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor is greater than the third threshold, the controller controls K DC conversion units among the N DC conversion units to adjust the output current/input current to reduce the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor. That is, at this time, the K DC conversion units operate in the current ripple suppression mode.
  • the third threshold is greater than or equal to the first threshold, and K is less than the N.
  • the T other DC conversion units except the K DC conversion units among the N DC conversion units can be controlled to switch from the normal mode to the current ripple suppression mode to further reduce the ripple current of the bus capacitor.
  • the fourth threshold is greater than or equal to the third threshold.
  • the sum of T and K is less than M, and T is greater than or equal to 1.
  • the controller when the controller controls the above K DC conversion units to adjust the output current to reduce the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor, and the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor is greater than the fourth threshold, the controller can control the T other DC conversion units outside the above K DC conversion units to adjust the output current/input current to reduce the ripple current of the bus capacitor.
  • the comparison of the ripple current amplitude of the above bus capacitor with the third threshold and the fourth threshold can be reflected by comparing the output current of the inverter unit or the sum of the input currents of the M DC conversion units with the fifth threshold (the fifth threshold corresponds to the third threshold) and the sixth threshold (the sixth threshold corresponds to the fourth threshold).
  • the magnitude of the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor can be achieved, and the N DC conversion units are controlled to switch from the normal mode to the current ripple suppression mode in sequence to gradually affect the input current of the bus capacitor in the power conversion system, thereby achieving the suppression of the ripple current of the bus capacitor.
  • the N DC conversion units are controlled to switch from the normal mode to the current ripple suppression mode in sequence to gradually affect the input current of the bus capacitor in the power conversion system, thereby achieving the suppression of the ripple current of the bus capacitor.
  • multiple DC conversion units to gradually switch to the current ripple suppression mode it is possible to suppress the ripple current of the bus capacitor while controlling as many DC conversion units as possible to still work in the normal mode to improve the overall power of the power conversion system.
  • the controller when the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor is greater than the first threshold, if the controller controls the N DC conversion units to switch from the normal mode to the current ripple suppression mode in sequence, then the controller can also timely control the N DC conversion units to switch from the current ripple suppression mode back to the normal mode in sequence based on the real-time change of the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor. Specifically, when the K DC conversion units and the T other DC conversion units except the K DC conversion units in the N DC conversion units are all working in the current ripple suppression mode, if it is detected that the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor is less than the fourth threshold, the T other DC conversion units (one or more DC conversion units) can be controlled to switch from the current ripple suppression mode back to the normal mode.
  • the controller when the controller controls the T other DC conversion units to adjust the output current to suppress the ripple current of the bus capacitor, and the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor is less than the fourth threshold, the controller can control the T DC conversion units to work based on the reference control signal to adjust the input current/input voltage of the at least one DC conversion unit.
  • the reference control signal is obtained based on a preset current reference or a preset voltage reference.
  • the reference control signal may be a control signal as shown in FIG4 or FIG5. It is understandable that the reference control signal corresponding to each DC conversion unit is obtained based on a preset current reference or a preset voltage reference corresponding to the DC conversion unit.
  • the controller controls the operation of the DC conversion unit based on the reference control signal, that is, controls the operation of the DC conversion unit according to the control block diagram shown in FIG4 or FIG5, and the DC conversion unit operates in a normal mode at this time.
  • the working state of the DC conversion unit is controlled accordingly based on the real-time change of the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor.
  • the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor is large, more DC conversion units are controlled to operate in a current ripple suppression mode to enhance the ripple current suppression effect on the bus capacitor; and when the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor is small, the DC conversion unit that has been operating in a current wave suppression mode is controlled to switch back to a normal mode to ensure the overall output power of the power conversion system.
  • the present application can achieve the control of the bus capacitor without significantly reducing the output power of the power conversion system.
  • the ripple current is suppressed, the loss of bus capacitor is reduced, and the working efficiency and long-term reliability of the power conversion system are effectively improved.
  • the controller can control one or more DC conversion units among the K DC conversion units to operate based on the above-mentioned reference control signal to adjust the input current/input voltage of the one or more DC conversion units.
  • the controller controls the one or more DC conversion units to operate according to the control block diagram shown in Figure 4 or Figure 5, and the one or more DC conversion units operate in the normal mode.
  • the controller can control more DC conversion units to switch to the current ripple suppression mode when the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor is large, so as to improve the suppression effect of the ripple current of the bus capacitor; when the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor is small, the controller sequentially controls some DC conversion units working in the current ripple suppression mode to switch back to the normal mode, so as to suppress the ripple current of the bus capacitor while improving the output power of the power conversion system. In this way, the ripple current of the bus capacitor can be suppressed without significantly reducing the output power of the power conversion system, that is, the working efficiency and long-term reliability of the power conversion system can be taken into consideration.
  • the controller controls multiple DC conversion units to switch between the normal mode and the current ripple suppression mode as the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor (this section describes the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor using the output current of the inverter unit as an example) changes in real time.
  • the power conversion system includes M DC conversion units, and the M DC conversion units include DC conversion unit 1, ... DC conversion unit i, ... and DC conversion unit m, where m is an integer greater than or equal to 2.
  • the controller can control the DC conversion unit 1 to switch from the normal mode to the current ripple suppression mode; when the DC conversion unit 1 operates in the current ripple suppression mode and the output current of the inverter unit is greater than the current threshold A2 (the current threshold A2 is greater than or equal to the current threshold A1), the DC conversion unit 2 can continue to be controlled to switch from the normal mode to the current ripple suppression mode; when both the DC conversion unit 1 and the DC conversion unit 2 operate in the current ripple suppression mode and the output current of the inverter unit is within the range of the current threshold A1 to the current threshold A2, the DC conversion unit 2 can be controlled to switch from the current ripple suppression mode back to the normal mode; when the DC conversion unit 1 operates in the current ripple suppression mode and the output current of the inverter unit is less than the current threshold A1, the DC conversion unit 1 can be controlled to switch from the current ripple suppression mode back to the normal mode.
  • N DC conversion units among the M DC conversion units are controlled to adjust the output current/input current, so that the N DC conversion units can output a current opposite to the ripple current of the bus capacitor. That is, the current direction of the output current of the N DC conversion units is opposite to the direction of the ripple current of the bus capacitor.
  • the parts with equal amplitudes in opposite directions cancel each other out, thereby reducing the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor and suppressing the ripple current of the bus capacitor.
  • the controller of the power conversion system can control the output current of the DC conversion unit through a control signal to suppress the ripple current of the bus capacitor.
  • the controller can be used to generate an output current control signal, and control the operation of the above-mentioned N DC conversion units based on the output current control signal to adjust the output current of the above-mentioned N DC conversion units. It can be understood that when the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor is greater than the first threshold value, the ripple current flowing through the bus capacitor is large at this time.
  • the controller controls one or part of the DC conversion units to operate to adjust their output current by generating an output current control signal, and can adjust the ripple of the input current of the DC bus, thereby achieving the suppression of the ripple current of the bus capacitor without significantly reducing the output power of the power conversion system, reducing the loss of the bus capacitor (especially the electrolytic capacitor), and improving the long-term reliability of the power conversion system.
  • the controller may obtain a first output current reference based on the capacitive current of the bus capacitor, and generate the above-mentioned output current control signal based on the first output current reference and the output current sampling values of the N DC conversion units.
  • the first output current reference may be a current signal in the opposite direction to the ripple current of the bus capacitor.
  • the N DC conversion units may output a current in the opposite direction to the ripple current of the bus capacitor, so that after the output current of the N DC conversion units is superimposed on the ripple current of the bus capacitor, the parts with opposite directions and equal amplitudes can be offset, so that the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor is reduced. It is understandable that if N is greater than 1, the number of the above-mentioned output current control signals may be N. For any one of the N DC conversion units, an output current control signal corresponding to the DC conversion unit may be generated based on the above-mentioned first output current reference and the output current sampling value of the DC conversion unit.
  • the current control signal can be used to control the DC conversion unit to adjust the output current.
  • the magnitude of the ripple current included in the capacitance current of the bus capacitor can be accurately obtained, and the first output current reference is generated based on the capacitance current of the bus capacitor. Accordingly, the output current control signal generated based on the first current reference can effectively reduce the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor, ensuring a good ripple current suppression effect.
  • the process of the controller obtaining the first output current reference based on the capacitor current of the bus capacitor includes different ways.
  • the controller can obtain the low-frequency component of the capacitor current based on the capacitor current of the bus capacitor, and obtain the above-mentioned first output current reference based on the low-frequency component of the capacitor current.
  • the above-mentioned low-frequency component is a relative concept, and may include a relatively low-frequency and relatively large proportion of the AC component of the capacitor current, which can be determined according to the actual application scenario.
  • the controller may include a low-pass filter and a conditioning module.
  • the low-frequency component of the capacitor current After filtering out the high-frequency component in the capacitor current through a low-pass filter, the low-frequency component of the capacitor current can be obtained. Further, the low-frequency component of the capacitor current is conditioned by the conditioning module (for example, the current is reversed and proportionally controlled, etc.), and the above-mentioned first output current reference can be obtained. As shown in FIG7a, it is assumed that the controller of the power conversion system controls the DC conversion unit i (the DC conversion unit is one of the N DC conversion units) to work in the current ripple suppression mode.
  • the controller can obtain the capacitance current i bus of the bus capacitor by sampling, and then process the capacitance current i bus through the low-pass filter and the conditioning module to obtain the first output current reference i in_iref ; then, the output current control module generates an output current control signal based on the first output current reference i in_iref and the output current i in_i sampled value of the DC conversion unit i; the controller controls the DC conversion unit i to adjust the output current (i in_i as shown in FIG6) based on the output current control signal.
  • the low-frequency component of the capacitance current of the bus capacitor can more accurately reflect the current ripple of the bus capacitor.
  • the controller obtains the first output current reference and generates the output current control signal based on the low-frequency component of the capacitance current, and controls the DC conversion unit to adjust the output current based on the output current control signal, which can play a good role in suppressing the ripple of the output current of the DC conversion unit, thereby effectively suppressing the ripple current of the bus capacitor.
  • the controller may obtain the envelope of the capacitor current based on the capacitor current of the bus capacitor, and obtain the above-mentioned first output current reference based on the envelope of the capacitor current.
  • the controller may include an envelope acquirer and a conditioning module.
  • the envelope of the capacitor current is conditioned by the conditioning module to obtain the above-mentioned first output current reference.
  • the process of the controller obtaining the first output current reference in this way is similar to the method shown in Figure 7a.
  • this method is used to obtain the first output current reference to generate an output current control signal to control the output current of the DC conversion unit, which can more effectively suppress the current ripple of the bus capacitor, which is beneficial to reducing the loss of the bus capacitor and improving the long-term reliability of the power conversion system.
  • the controller of the power conversion system can obtain a second output current reference based on the output current of the inverter unit included in the power conversion system, and generate the output current control signal based on the second output current reference and the output current sampling values of the N DC conversion units.
  • the second output current reference can be a current signal with a direction opposite to the ripple current of the bus capacitor.
  • the output current control signal is generated based on the second output current reference to control the N DC conversion units to adjust the output current, so that the N DC conversion units can output a current with a direction opposite to the ripple current of the bus capacitor, so that after the output current of the N DC conversion units is superimposed on the ripple current of the bus capacitor, the parts with opposite directions and equal amplitudes can be offset, so that the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor is reduced.
  • the controller of the power conversion system can obtain the second output current reference based on the sum of the three-phase currents in the output current of the inverter unit.
  • the controller Since the sum of the three-phase currents in the output current of the power inverter unit can reflect the current ripple of the bus capacitor, the controller obtains a second output current reference based on the output current of the inverter unit, and generates an output current control signal based on this to control the DC conversion unit to adjust the output current. It is not necessary to add an additional capacitor current sampling module for the bus capacitor, and the existing output current sampling module of the power conversion system can still be used to suppress the current ripple of the bus capacitor, thereby saving circuit costs and reducing circuit complexity.
  • the controller of the power conversion system can adopt a variety of methods to obtain the second output current reference.
  • the controller can obtain the low-frequency component of the sum of the three-phase currents based on the sum of the three-phase currents of the output current of the inverter unit, and obtain the second output current reference based on the low-frequency component of the sum of the three-phase currents.
  • the controller can include a low-pass filter and a conditioning module.
  • the low-frequency component of the sum of the three-phase currents is obtained by filtering with a low-pass filter
  • the low-frequency component of the sum of the three-phase currents is conditioned by the conditioning module (for example, the current is reversed and proportionally controlled, etc.), and the second output current reference can be obtained.
  • the controller of the power conversion system controls the DC conversion unit i to operate in the current ripple suppression mode.
  • the controller can obtain the three-phase currents i a , ib , and ic in the output current of the inverter unit by sampling, and process the sum of the three-phase currents through a low-pass filter and a conditioning module to obtain a second output current reference i in_iref ; then, the output current control module generates an output current control signal based on the second output current reference i in_iref and the output current i in_i sampling value of the DC conversion unit i; the controller controls the DC conversion unit i to adjust the output current (i in_i as shown in Figure 6) based on the output current control signal.
  • the sum of the three-phase currents in the output current of the inverter unit can reflect the current ripple of the bus capacitor, and the low-frequency component of the sum of the three-phase current can further accurately reflect the current ripple of the bus capacitor.
  • the controller obtains a second output current reference based on the low-frequency component of the sum of the three-phase current and generates an output current control signal. Based on the output current control signal, the DC conversion unit is controlled to adjust the output current, which can reduce the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor, thereby effectively suppressing the ripple current of the bus capacitor without adding additional
  • the capacitor current sampling module is conducive to reducing the circuit cost.
  • the controller of the power conversion system can also obtain the envelope of the sum of the three-phase currents based on the sum of the three-phase currents of the output current of the inverter unit, and obtain the second output current reference based on the envelope of the sum of the three-phase currents.
  • the controller may include an envelope acquirer and a conditioning module. After obtaining the envelope of the sum of the three-phase currents in the output current of the inverter unit through the envelope acquirer, the envelope of the sum of the three-phase currents is conditioned by the conditioning module to obtain the above-mentioned second output current reference.
  • the process of the controller obtaining the second output current reference in this way is similar to the method shown in Figure 7c.
  • the envelope of the sum of the three-phase currents in the output current of the inverter unit can more accurately reflect the current ripple of the bus capacitor.
  • This method is used to obtain the second output current reference to generate an output current control signal to control the output current of the DC conversion unit. This can more effectively suppress the current ripple of the bus capacitor, help reduce the loss of the bus capacitor, and improve the long-term reliability of the power conversion system. It will not increase the circuit cost and has strong applicability.
  • the controller of the power conversion system can control the input current of the DC conversion unit through a control signal, and indirectly control the output current of the DC conversion unit by controlling the input current of the DC conversion unit to suppress the ripple current of the bus capacitor.
  • the controller can be used to generate an input current control signal, and control the operation of the above-mentioned N DC conversion units based on the input current control signal to adjust the input current of the above-mentioned N DC conversion units. It can be understood that the input current and output current of the DC conversion unit meet a preset proportional relationship, and the preset proportional relationship can be determined by the load demand or circuit element demand in the actual application scenario.
  • the output current of the DC conversion unit can be indirectly controlled. In this way, it is ultimately possible to suppress the ripple current of the bus capacitor, extend the service life of the bus capacitor, and ensure the long-term reliability of the power conversion system.
  • the controller of the power conversion system can obtain a first input current reference based on the capacitor current of the bus capacitor, and generate the input current control signal based on the first input current reference and the input current sampling values of the N DC conversion units.
  • the controller can obtain the low-frequency component of the capacitor current based on the capacitor current, and obtain the first input current reference based on the low-frequency component of the capacitor current.
  • the controller may include a low-pass filter and a conditioning module, after filtering the high-frequency component in the capacitor current by the low-pass filter to obtain the low-frequency component of the capacitor current, the low-frequency component of the capacitor current is conditioned by the conditioning module (for example, the current is reversed and proportionally controlled, etc.), to obtain the first input current reference.
  • the conditioning module proportionally controls the low-frequency component of the capacitor current according to the second ratio.
  • the conditioning module proportionally controls the low-frequency component of the capacitor current according to the first ratio.
  • the first ratio and the second ratio are different values, and the second ratio can be obtained based on the first ratio and the above-mentioned preset ratio relationship.
  • the controller of the power conversion system controls the DC conversion unit i to operate in the current ripple suppression mode.
  • the controller can obtain the capacitor current i bus of the bus capacitor by sampling, and then process the capacitor current i bus through the low-pass filter and the conditioning module to obtain the first input current reference i dc_iref ; then, the input current control module generates an input current control signal based on the first input current reference i dc_iref and the input current i dc_i sampling value of the DC conversion unit i; the controller controls the DC conversion unit i to adjust the input current (i dc_i as shown in FIG6 ) based on the input current control signal.
  • the controller can obtain the envelope of the capacitor current based on the capacitor current of the bus capacitor, and obtain the above-mentioned first input current reference based on the envelope of the capacitor current.
  • the controller may include an envelope acquirer and a conditioning module. After obtaining the envelope of the capacitor current through the envelope acquirer, the envelope of the capacitor current is conditioned by using the conditioning module to obtain the above-mentioned first input current reference.
  • the process of the controller obtaining the first input current reference in this way is similar to the method shown in FIG8a.
  • the low-frequency component or envelope of the bus capacitor current can accurately reflect the current ripple of the bus capacitor.
  • the controller may obtain a second input current reference based on the output current of the inverter unit, and generate the input current control signal based on the second input current reference and the input current sampling values of the N DC conversion units. Specifically, the controller may obtain a low-frequency component of the sum of the three-phase currents based on the sum of the three-phase currents of the output current of the inverter unit, and obtain the second input current reference based on the low-frequency component of the sum of the three-phase currents. As shown in FIG8c, it is assumed that the controller of the power conversion system controls the DC conversion unit i to operate in the current ripple suppression mode.
  • the controller can obtain the three-phase currents i a , i b , and i c in the output current of the inverter unit by sampling, and process the sum of the three-phase currents through a low-pass filter and a conditioning module to obtain a second input current reference i dc_iref ; then, the input current control module generates an input current control signal based on the second input current reference i dc_iref and the sampled value of the input current i dc_i of the DC conversion unit i; the controller controls the DC conversion unit i to adjust the input current (i dc_i as shown in FIG6) based on the input current control signal.
  • the controller can obtain the envelope of the sum of the three-phase currents based on the sum of the three-phase currents of the output current of the inverter unit, and obtain the second input current reference based on the envelope of the sum of the three-phase currents.
  • the process of the controller shown in FIG8d obtaining the second input current reference is similar to that shown in FIG8c, where an envelope acquirer is used instead of a low-pass filter to process the sum of the three-phase currents.
  • the other processes are roughly the same, so please refer to the text description corresponding to Figure 8c, which will not be repeated here.
  • the sum of the three-phase currents in the output current of the inverter unit can reflect the current ripple of the bus capacitor.
  • the DC conversion unit can be indirectly controlled to adjust the output current. In this way, there is no need to add a sampling module for the capacitor current of the bus capacitor, and the existing input current sampling module of the power conversion system can still be used to suppress the current ripple of the bus capacitor, which is beneficial to saving circuit costs and reducing circuit complexity.
  • the controller controls one or part of the DC conversion units included in the power conversion system to adjust their output current/input current based on the output current control signal/input current control signal to reduce the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor, and controls the other part of the DC conversion units to still maintain the original power output, thereby suppressing the ripple current of the bus capacitor without significantly reducing the output power of the power conversion system, extending the service life of the capacitor, and improving the long-term reliability of the system.
  • the above-mentioned output current control signal/input current control signal can be obtained based on the capacitor current of the bus capacitor, and can also be obtained based on the sum of the three-phase currents in the output current of the power conversion system. Since the above-mentioned capacitor current or the sum of the three-phase currents can accurately reflect the current ripple of the bus capacitor, the use of this application can improve the suppression effect of the bus capacitor ripple current, which is beneficial to reducing the loss of the bus capacitor and improving the long-term reliability of the power conversion system.
  • the controller can also control the multiple DC conversion units to adjust the output current/input current in sequence to reduce the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor when the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor is continuously greater than the first threshold value; or when the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor becomes smaller, the controller can reversely control the multiple DC conversion units to work in the normal mode in sequence based on the reference control signal, so that these DC conversion units can restore normal power output. In this way, while suppressing the ripple current of the bus capacitor, as many DC conversion units as possible can be controlled to work normally to improve the overall power of the power conversion system.
  • FIG. 9 is a flow chart of a ripple current suppression method for a power conversion system provided by the present application.
  • the ripple current suppression method provided by the present application is applicable to a controller in a power conversion system, and the power conversion system also includes M DC conversion units, bus capacitors and inverter units.
  • the input end of each of the M DC conversion units is connected to a DC power supply, and the output ends of the M DC conversion units are connected in parallel to the input end of the inverter unit.
  • the bus capacitor is connected in parallel to the input end of the inverter unit, and the output end of the inverter unit is used to connect to a power grid or a load; the structure of the power conversion system can be as shown in Figure 6, and applied to the application scenario shown in Figure 1 or Figure 2.
  • the method may include but is not limited to the following steps:
  • Step S901 The controller detects the output current of the inverter unit or the input current of M DC conversion units.
  • the output current of the inverter unit may include the three-phase currents i a , i b and i c as shown in FIG6 .
  • the input current of the M DC conversion units may include the input current of each DC conversion unit in the above-mentioned M DC conversion units, that is, the currents i dc_1 , i dc_i . . . and i dc_m as shown in FIG6 .
  • the controller may detect the output current of the inverter unit or the input current of the M DC conversion units in real time to determine whether the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor exceeds the limit based on the output current of the inverter unit or the sum of the input currents of the M DC conversion units.
  • Step S902 determining whether the output current of the inverter unit or the sum of the input currents of the M DC conversion units is greater than a second threshold. If so, executing step S903; if not, executing step S907.
  • the controller determines whether the output current of the inverter unit is greater than the second threshold value, where the second threshold value actually refers to the first output current threshold value.
  • the controller determines whether the output current of the inverter unit is greater than the second threshold value may include a variety of situations: for example, whether the three-phase currents ia , ib and ic as shown in Figure 6 are all greater than the second threshold value, or whether the sum of the three-phase currents ia , ib and ic is greater than the second threshold value, etc., which can be specifically set according to the actual application scenario.
  • the controller can obtain the output current of the inverter unit by sampling, and when the three-phase currents in the output current of the inverter unit are all greater than the second threshold value, step S903 is executed, otherwise step S907 is executed. If the controller detects the input current of M DC conversion units when executing step S901, correspondingly, the controller determines whether the sum of the input currents of the M DC conversion units is greater than the second threshold value.
  • the second threshold value here actually refers to the first input current threshold value.
  • the first input current threshold value and the first output current threshold value can be different values or the same value, and this application does not limit it.
  • the controller can obtain the input currents of the M DC conversion units by sampling. When the sum of the input currents of the M DC conversion units is greater than the second threshold value, step S903 is executed, otherwise step S907 is executed.
  • the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor is greater than the first threshold, and then some DC conversion units can be controlled to operate in the current ripple suppression mode (i.e., adjust the output current/input current) to reduce the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor.
  • the controller detects the output current of the inverter unit, the output current of the inverter unit is compared with the threshold in each step of the method, and if the controller detects the input current of the M DC conversion units, the sum of the input currents of the M DC conversion units is compared with the current threshold in each step of the method, and no further details will be given later.
  • Step S903 the controller controls the DC conversion unit k to operate in a current ripple suppression mode.
  • the DC conversion unit works in the current ripple suppression mode, which means that the controller controls the DC conversion unit to work based on any of the control block diagrams shown in Figures 7a-7d or Figures 8a-8d. In other words, at this time, the controller controls the DC conversion unit to adjust the output current/input current to reduce the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor.
  • the DC conversion unit can also work in the normal mode, that is, the controller controls the DC conversion unit to work based on the control block diagram shown in Figure 4 or Figure 5.
  • the above-mentioned DC conversion unit k can be any DC conversion unit working in the normal mode in the power conversion system.
  • the controller controls a DC conversion unit working in the normal mode to switch to the current ripple suppression mode, which can reduce the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor and reduce the loss of the bus capacitor without significantly reducing the output power of the power conversion system.
  • the controller can control the DC conversion unit (such as DC conversion unit k) to work in the current ripple suppression mode in a variety of ways.
  • the controller can control the DC conversion unit to adjust the output current/input current to suppress the ripple current of the bus capacitor in a variety of ways.
  • the controller can generate an output current control signal, and control the DC conversion unit to work based on the output current control signal to adjust the output current of the DC conversion unit.
  • the controller can obtain the low-frequency component/envelope of the capacitor current based on the capacitor current of the bus capacitor, and obtain the first output current reference based on the low-frequency component/envelope of the capacitor current; and generate the output current control signal based on the first output current reference and the output current sampling value of the DC conversion unit.
  • the controller can obtain the low-frequency component/envelope of the sum of the three-phase currents based on the sum of the three-phase currents in the output current of the inverter unit, and obtain the second output current reference based on the low-frequency component/envelope of the sum of the three-phase currents; and generate the above-mentioned output current control signal based on the second output current reference and the output current sampling value of the DC conversion unit.
  • the above process can be shown in Figures 7a-7d.
  • the controller can generate an input current control signal, and control the operation of the DC conversion unit based on the input current control signal to adjust the input current of the DC conversion unit, thereby indirectly controlling the DC conversion unit to adjust the output current.
  • the controller can obtain the low-frequency component/envelope of the capacitor current based on the capacitor current of the bus capacitor, and obtain the first input current reference based on the low-frequency component/envelope of the capacitor current; generate the input current control signal based on the first input current reference and the input current sampling value of the DC conversion unit.
  • the controller can obtain the low-frequency component/envelope of the sum of the three-phase currents based on the sum of the three-phase currents in the output current of the inverter unit, and obtain the second input current reference based on the low-frequency component/envelope of the sum of the three-phase currents; generate the above-mentioned input current control signal based on the second input current reference and the input current sampling value of the DC conversion unit.
  • the above process can be shown in Figures 8a-8d.
  • Step S904 determining whether the output current of the inverter unit or the sum of the input currents of the M DC conversion units is greater than a fifth threshold. If so, executing step S905; if not, executing step S906.
  • the fifth threshold is greater than or equal to the above-mentioned second threshold.
  • the controller determines whether the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor is greater than the third threshold (the third threshold is greater than or equal to the above-mentioned first threshold) by detecting the output current of the inverter unit or the input current of M DC conversion units, and judging whether the output current of the inverter unit or the sum of the input currents of M DC conversion units is greater than the fifth threshold.
  • the controller controls the working state of other DC conversion units based on the judgment result of this step, which can improve the suppression effect of the ripple current of the bus capacitor.
  • Step S905 the controller controls the DC conversion unit j to operate in a current ripple suppression mode.
  • the DC conversion unit j can be any DC conversion unit currently working in the normal mode in the power conversion system. It can be understood that when the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor (reflected as the output current of the inverter unit or the sum of the input currents of the M DC conversion units) is large, the DC conversion unit k and the DC conversion unit j are controlled one by one in turn to work in the current ripple suppression mode (i.e., switching from the normal mode to the current ripple suppression mode), while suppressing the ripple current of the bus capacitor, as many DC conversion units as possible can be controlled to still work in the normal mode to improve the overall power of the power conversion system.
  • the current ripple suppression mode i.e., switching from the normal mode to the current ripple suppression mode
  • the DC conversion unit s ... can also be controlled to switch from the normal mode to the current ripple suppression mode to improve the suppression effect of the ripple current of the bus capacitor. After executing step S905, it can return to step S901.
  • Step S906 the controller controls the DC conversion unit j to operate in a normal mode.
  • the DC conversion unit j may be the DC conversion unit that has most recently switched from the normal mode to the current ripple suppression mode.
  • the DC conversion unit j may also be any one of the above two or more DC conversion units, and the present application does not limit this. It is understandable that the DC conversion unit j in step S906 and the DC conversion unit j in the above step S905 do not specifically refer to the same DC conversion unit, and the two may be different DC conversion units, where j is just a symbolic alias.
  • the DC conversion unit j in step S906 may also be represented by a DC conversion unit p, etc.
  • the DC conversion unit j in step S906 may also be represented by a DC conversion unit p, etc.
  • the output current of the inverter unit or the sum of the input currents of the M DC conversion units gradually decreases to less than the fifth threshold
  • the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor decreases to less than the third threshold value
  • the number of DC conversion units operating in the current ripple suppression mode can be gradually reduced accordingly, and while suppressing the ripple current of the bus capacitor, as many DC conversion units as possible can be controlled to still operate in the normal mode to improve the overall power of the power conversion system.
  • the process can return to step S901.
  • Step S907 the controller controls the DC conversion unit k to operate in a normal mode.
  • the DC conversion unit k may be a DC conversion unit that has recently switched from the normal mode to the current ripple suppression mode.
  • the DC conversion unit k may also be any one of the one or more DC conversion units mentioned above, and this application does not limit this. It is understandable that the DC conversion unit k in step S907 and the DC conversion unit k in the above step S903 do not specifically refer to the same DC conversion unit, and the two may be different DC conversion units, where k is just a symbolic alias. In other words, the DC conversion unit k in step S907 may also be represented by a DC conversion unit q, etc.
  • step S907 the process can return to step S901.
  • the controller controls one or part of the DC conversion units included in the power conversion system to adjust their output current/input current to reduce the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor, and controls the other part of the DC conversion units to still maintain the original power output, so as to suppress the ripple current of the bus capacitor without significantly reducing the output power of the power conversion system, extend the service life of the capacitor, and improve the long-term reliability of the system.
  • the first threshold value that is, the output current of the inverter unit or the sum of the input currents of the M DC conversion units included in the power conversion system is greater than the second threshold value
  • the above-mentioned output current control signal/input current control signal can be obtained based on the capacitor current of the bus capacitor, and can also be obtained based on the sum of the three-phase currents in the output current of the power conversion system. Since the above-mentioned capacitor current or the sum of the three-phase currents can accurately reflect the current ripple of the bus capacitor, the use of this application can improve the suppression effect of the bus capacitor ripple current, which is beneficial to reduce the loss of the bus capacitor and improve the long-term reliability of the power conversion system.
  • the controller can also control the multiple DC conversion units to adjust the output current/input current in order to reduce the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor when the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor is continuously greater than the first threshold value; or when the ripple current amplitude of the bus capacitor becomes smaller, the controller can control the multiple DC conversion units to work in the normal mode in order to restore the normal power output of these DC conversion units. In this way, while suppressing the ripple current of the bus capacitor, as many DC conversion units as possible can be controlled to work normally to improve the overall power of the power conversion system.

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Abstract

本申请提供一种功率变换系统及其纹波电流抑制方法。该功率变换系统包括控制器、M个直流变换单元、母线电容和逆变单元,M个直流变换单元中每个直流变换单元的输入端分别连接一个直流电源,M个直流变换单元的输出端并联后连接逆变单元的输入端,母线电容与逆变单元的输入端并联,逆变单元的输出端用于连接电网或负载;控制器用于在母线电容的纹波电流幅值大于第一阈值时,控制M个直流变换单元中的N个直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流,以减小母线电容的纹波电流幅值。M大于或等于2,N为小于M的正整数。本申请可在功率变换系统的输出功率不明显减少的情况下,提升对母线电容纹波电流的抑制效果,提高功率变换系统的长期可靠性。

Description

功率变换系统及其纹波电流抑制方法
本申请要求于2022年10月18日提交中国专利局、申请号为202211273333.2、申请名称为“功率变换系统及其纹波电流抑制方法”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电力电子技术领域,尤其涉及一种功率变换系统及其纹波电流抑制方法。
背景技术
新能源发电系统中通常包括多个直流变换电路、母线电容和逆变电路,其中,直流变换电路可以将太阳能发电单元、风能发电单元或者储能电池等供电单元提供的电能转换为直流电,并经过直流母线后传输给逆变电路,逆变电路将该直流电转换为交流电后输出至公共电网;母线电容并联在直流母线上,用于维持直流母线的电压。在新能源发电系统中,母线电容可以吸收直流变换电路和逆变电路由于高频开关工作造成的高频纹波,以及吸收公共电网映射到直流母线上的工频纹波。
本申请的发明人在研究和实践过程中发现,现有技术中,在新能源发电系统的系统功率(如输入功率或者输出功率)变大时,新能源发电系统中直流母线上的母线电容的纹波电流会随之变大,母线电容的损耗也随着增加,降低了母线电容的使用寿命,新能源发电系统的长期可靠性也随之降低。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种功率变换系统及其纹波电流抑制方法,可在使得功率变换系统的输出功率不明显减少的情况下,提升对母线电容纹波电流的抑制效果,降低母线电容的损耗,提高功率变换系统的长期可靠性。
第一方面,本申请提供了一种功率变换系统,该功率变换系统包括控制器、M个直流变换单元、母线电容和逆变单元,该M个直流变换单元中每个直流变换单元的输入端分别连接一个直流电源,该M个直流变换单元的输出端并联后连接该逆变单元的输入端,该母线电容与该逆变单元的输入端并联,该逆变单元的输出端用于连接电网或负载;该控制器用于在该母线电容的纹波电流幅值大于第一阈值时,控制该M个直流变换单元中的N个直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流,以减小该母线电容的纹波电流幅值。其中,M为大于或等于2的整数,N为小于M且大于或等于1的整数。纹波是指在直流电压或电流中,叠加在直流稳定量上的交流分量。本申请中母线电容的纹波电流幅值可以指该纹波电流的峰值或有效值。本申请中,在母线电容的纹波电流幅值较大(即大于第一阈值)时,该功率变换系统的控制器通过控制一个或部分直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流,并控制另一部分的直流变换单元仍保持正常的功率输出,从而在使得功率变换系统的输出功率不明显减少的情况下,减小母线电容的纹波电流幅值,降低母线电容的损耗,延长母线电容的使用寿命,从而提高功率变换系统的长期可靠性。
在一种可行的实施方式中,上述控制器用于在上述逆变单元的输出电流或者上述M个直流变换单元的输入电流之和大于第二阈值时,确定上述母线电容的纹波电流幅值大于上述第一阈值。这里,第二阈值可以包括第一输出电流阈值和第一输入电流阈值,两者可分别用于与逆变单元的输出电流、M个直流变换单元的输入电流之和进行比较。它们可以是不同的值,也可以是相等的值。逆变单元的输出电流大于第二阈值,可理解为该逆变单元的输出电流中三相电流均大于第二阈值,或该逆变单元的输出电流中三相电流之和大于第二阈值,具体根据实际应用场景确定。这里,逆变单元的输出电流或者M个直流变换单元的输入电流之和来体现母线电容的纹波电流幅值,可以利用现有的电流采样装置得到电流值,有利于减少电路成本,降低系统复杂度。
在一种可行的实施方式中,上述控制器用于在上述母线电容的纹波电流幅值大于上述第一阈值时,控制上述M个直流变换单元中的上述N个直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流,输出与上述母线电容的纹波电流方向相反的电流,以通过电流叠加抵消作用减小上述母线电容的纹波电流幅值。可理解的,当控制器控制直流变换单元调节输出电流或输入电流时,均会使得直流变换单元输出符合要求(即电流方向与母线电容的纹波电流方向相反)的电流。这样,在该N个直流变换单元的输出电流与母线电容的纹波电流叠加后,方向相反幅值相等的部分抵消,可以使得母线电容的纹波电流幅值减小,实现对母线电容的纹波电流的抑制。
在一种可行的实施方式中,上述控制器用于生成输出电流控制信号,基于上述输出电流控制信号控制 上述N个直流变换单元工作,以调节上述N个直流变换单元的输出电流。或者,上述控制器用于生成输入电流控制信号,基于上述输入电流控制信号控制上述N个直流变换单元工作,以调节上述N个直流变换单元的输入电流。其中,直流变换单元的输入电流和输出电流满足预设比例关系,该预设比例关系可由实际应用场景中的负载需求或电路元件需求确定。本申请中,在母线电容的纹波电流幅值大于第一阈值时,控制器通过生成输出电流控制信号来控制N个直流变换单元工作以调节其输出电流,可以调整直流变换单元的输出电流的纹波,那么相应可以减小流过母线电容的纹波电流幅值,从而可以减少母线电容的损耗,提高功率变换系统的长期可靠性。或者,控制器也可通过生成输入电流控制信号来控制N个直流变换单元工作以调节其输入电流,换句话说,通过对直流变换单元的输入电流进行控制,可间接实现对该直流变换单元的输出电流的控制,从而可实现抑制母线电容的纹波电流,延长母线电容的使用寿命,保证该功率变换系统的长期可靠性。
在一种可行的实施方式中,上述控制器用于基于上述母线电容的电容电流获得第一输出电流基准,并基于上述第一输出电流基准和上述N个直流变换单元的输出电流采样值生成上述输出电流控制信号。其中,第一输出电流基准可以是与母线电容的纹波电流方向相反的电流信号。或者,上述控制器用于基于上述母线电容的电容电流获得第一输入电流基准,并基于上述第一输入电流基准和上述N个直流变换单元的输入电流采样值生成上述输入电流控制信号。其中,第一输入电流基准也是与母线电容的纹波电流方向相反的电流信号。本申请中,通过采样获得母线电容的电容电流,可以准确获得母线电容的电容电流包括的纹波电流的大小,基于该母线电容的电容电流生成第一输出电流基准,相应的,基于第一输出电流基准生成的输出电流控制信号可有效减小母线电容的纹波电流幅度,保证良好的纹波电流抑制效果。而基于该母线电容的电容电流生成第一输入电流基准和输入电流控制信号后,基于该输入电流控制信号可间接实现对直流变换单元的输出电流中的纹波的调整,同样可有效减小母线电容的纹波电流幅度。
在一种可行的实施方式中,上述控制器用于:
基于上述电容电流获得上述电容电流的包络线,并基于上述电容电流的包络线获得上述第一输出电流基准或上述第一输入电流基准;
或者,基于上述电容电流获得上述电容电流的低频分量,并基于上述电容电流的低频分量获得上述第一输出电流基准或上述第一输入电流基准。
其中,上述低频分量是相对概念,可以包括该电容电流的交流成分中频率相对较低且占比较大的部分,具体可根据实际应用场景确定。本申请中,由于母线电容电流的低频分量或包络线均可以准确地体现母线电容的电流纹波,采用以上这些方式来获得第一输入电流基准/第一输出电流基准以控制直流变换单元的输出电流,可以对母线电容的电流纹波起到有效的抑制作用,有利于降低母线电容的损耗,提高功率变换系统的长期可靠性。
在一种可行的实施方式中,上述控制器用于基于上述逆变单元的输出电流,获得第二输出电流基准,并基于上述第二输出电流基准和上述N个直流变换单元的输出电流采样值生成上述输出电流控制信号。或者,上述控制器用于基于上述逆变单元的输出电流,获得第二输入电流基准,并基于上述第二输入电流基准和上述N个直流变换单元的输入电流采样值生成上述输入电流控制信号。本申请中,逆变单元的输出电流中三相电流之和可以体现母线电容的电流纹波,控制器基于该三相电流之和获得第二输出电流基准,并基于此生成输出电流控制信号以控制直流变换单元调节输出电流,可以不额外增加母线电容的电容电流采样模块,仍利用功率变换系统已有的输出电流采样模块来实现对母线电容电流纹波的抑制,进而节省电路成本,降低电路复杂性。另一方面,通过基于该三相电流之和获得第二输入电流基准,并基于此生成输入电流控制信号以控制直流变换单元调节输入电流,可以间接控制直流变换单元调节输出电流。这样,也可以不用增加母线电容的电容电流的采样模块,仍利用功率变换系统已有的输入电流采样模块实现抑制母线电容的电流纹波,有利于节省电路成本,降低电路复杂性。
在一种可行的实施方式中,上述控制器用于:
基于上述逆变单元的输出电流,获得上述逆变单元的输出电流中三相电流之和的包络线,并基于上述三相电流之和的包络线获得上述第二输出电流基准或上述第二输入电流基准;
或者,基于上述逆变单元的输出电流,获得逆变单元的输出电流中三相电流之和的低频分量,并基于三相电流之和的低频分量获得上述第二输出电流基准或上述第二输入电流基准。
本申请中,逆变单元的输出电流中三相电流之和的低频分量/包络线均可准确体现母线电容的电流纹波,采用这些方式来获得第二输出电流基准/第二输入电流基准以控制直流变换单元的输出电流,可以对母线电容的电流纹波起到有效的抑制作用,有利于降低母线电容的损耗,提高功率变换系统的长期可靠性,不会 额外增加电路成本,适用性强。
在一种可行的实施方式中,上述控制器用于在上述母线电容的纹波电流幅值大于第三阈值时,控制上述M个直流变换单元中的K个直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流,以减小上述母线电容的纹波电流幅值,上述第三阈值大于或等于上述第一阈值,K为小于M的整数。
在一种可行的实施方式中,上述控制器还用于在控制上述K个直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流以减小上述母线电容的纹波电流幅值,且母线电容的纹波电流幅值大于第四阈值时,控制上述M个直流变换单元中除上述K个直流变换单元之外的T个其他直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流,以减小上述母线电容的纹波电流幅值,上述第四阈值大于或等于上述第三阈值。本申请中,可以实现根据母线电容的纹波电流幅值的大小,依次控制N个直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流,来逐步影响功率变换系统中直流母线的输入电流,从而实现对母线电容的纹波电流的抑制。另外,控制多个直流变换单元逐步切换为电流纹波抑制模式,可以在实现抑制母线电容的纹波电流的同时,尽可能控制较多的直流变换单元仍工作于常规模式以提升功率变换系统的整体功率。
在一种可行的实施方式中,上述控制器还用于:
在控制上述T个其他直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流以减小母线电容的纹波电流幅值,且上述母线电容的纹波电流幅值小于上述第三阈值时,基于参考控制信号控制上述T个其他直流变换单元工作,以调节上述T个其他直流变换单元的输入电流/输入电压,该参考控制信号基于预设电流基准或预设电压基准得到。该参考控制信号可以是控制器控制直流变换单元正常工作以输出功率时的控制信号。在本申请中,控制器可基于母线电容的纹波电流幅值的实时变化相应控制直流变换单元的工作状态,在母线电容的纹波电流幅值较小时及时控制之前工作于电流波抑制模式的直流变换单元切换回常规模式,以保证功率变换系统的整体输出功率。
在一种可行的实施方式中,上述控制器还用于:
在控制上述K个直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流以抑制上述母线电容的纹波电流,且上述母线电容的纹波电流幅值小于上述第三阈值时,基于上述参考控制信号控制上述K个直流变换单元中的一个或多个直流变换单元工作,以调节上述一个或多个直流变换单元的输入电流/输入电压。本申请中,控制器在母线电容的纹波电流幅值较小时,依次控制部分工作于电流纹波抑制模式的直流变换单元切换回常规模式,以在抑制母线电容的纹波电流的同时提升功率变换系统的输出功率。这样既可以延长母线电容的使用寿命,又可以保证功率变换系统的输出功率,实现对功率变换系统的工作效率和长期可靠性的兼顾。
第二方面,本申请提供了一种功率变换系统的纹波电流抑制方法,该方法应用于功率变换系统中的控制器,该功率变换系统还包括M个直流变换单元、母线电容和逆变单元,该M个直流变换单元中每个直流变换单元的输入端分别连接一个直流电源,该M个直流变换单元的输出端并联后连接该逆变单元的输入端,该母线电容与该逆变单元的输入端并联,该逆变单元的输出端用于连接电网或负载;该方法包括:
在该母线电容的纹波电流幅值大于第一阈值时,控制该M个直流变换单元中的N个直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流,以减小该母线电容的纹波电流幅值,其中,M为大于或等于2的整数,N为小于M且大于或等于1的整数。
在一种可行的实施方式中,该方法还包括:
在上述逆变单元的输出电流或者上述M个直流变换单元的输入电流之和大于第二阈值时,确定上述母线电容的纹波电流幅值大于上述第一阈值。
在一种可行的实施方式中,上述在母线电容的纹波电流幅值大于第一阈值时,控制M个直流变换单元中的N个直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流,以减小母线电容的纹波电流幅值,包括:
在上述母线电容的纹波电流幅值大于上述第一阈值时,控制上述M个直流变换单元中的上述N个直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流,输出与上述母线电容的纹波电流方向相反的电流,以通过电流叠加抵消作用减小上述母线电容的纹波电流幅值。
在一种可行的实施方式中,上述控制M个直流变换单元中的N个直流变换单元调节输出电流,包括:
生成输出电流控制信号,基于上述输出电流控制信号控制N个直流变换单元工作,以调节N个直流变换单元的输出电流。
或者,上述控制M个直流变换单元中的N个直流变换单元调节输入电流,包括:
生成输入电流控制信号,基于上述输入电流控制信号控制N个直流变换单元工作,以调节N个直流变换单元的输入电流。
在一种可行的实施方式中,上述生成输出电流控制信号,包括:
基于上述母线电容的电容电流获得第一输出电流基准,并基于上述第一输出电流基准和上述N个直流变换单元的输出电流采样值生成上述输出电流控制信号。
或者,上述生成输入电流控制信号,包括:
基于上述母线电容的电容电流获得第一输入电流基准,并基于上述第一输入电流基准和上述N个直流变换单元的输入电流采样值生成上述输入电流控制信号。
在一种可行的实施方式中,上述基于上述母线电容的电容电流获得第一输出电流基准,包括:
基于上述电容电流获得上述电容电流的包络线,并基于上述电容电流的包络线获得上述第一输出电流基准;
或者,基于上述电容电流获得上述电容电流的低频分量,并基于上述电容电流的低频分量获得上述第一输出电流基准。
在一种可行的实施方式中,上述生成输出电流控制信号,包括:
基于上述逆变单元的输出电流,获得第二输出电流基准,并基于上述第二输出电流基准和上述N个直流变换单元的输出电流采样值生成上述输出电流控制信号。
或者,上述生成输入电流控制信号,包括:
基于上述逆变单元的输出电流,获得第二输入电流基准,并基于上述第二输入电流基准和上述N个直流变换单元的输入电流采样值生成上述输入电流控制信号。
在一种可行的实施方式中,上述基于上述逆变单元的输出电流,获得第二输出电流基准,包括:
基于上述逆变单元的输出电流,获得上述逆变单元的输出电流中三相电流之和的包络线,并基于上述三相电流之和的包络线获得上述第二输出电流基准;
或者,基于上述逆变单元的输出电流,获得上述逆变单元的输出电流中三相电流之和的低频分量,并基于上述三相电流之和的低频分量获得上述第二输出电流基准。
在一种可行的实施方式中,上述在母线电容的纹波电流幅值大于第一阈值时,控制上述M个直流变换单元中的N个直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流,以减小所述母线电容的纹波电流幅值,包括:
在上述母线电容的纹波电流幅值大于第三阈值时,控制上述M个直流变换单元中的K个直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流,以减小所述母线电容的纹波电流幅值,上述第三阈值大于或等于上述第一阈值,上述K为小于上述M的整数。
在一种可行的实施方式中,上述方法还包括:
在控制上述K个直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流以减小上述母线电容的纹波电流幅值,且上述母线电容的纹波电流幅值大于第四阈值时,控制上述M个直流变换单元中除上述K个直流变换单元之外的T个其他直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流,以减小上述母线电容的纹波电流幅值,上述第四阈值大于或等于上述第三阈值。
在一种可行的实施方式中,上述方法还包括:
在控制上述T个其他直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流以减小上述母线电容的纹波电流幅值,且上述母线电容的纹波电流幅值小于上述第四阈值时,基于参考控制信号控制上述T个其他直流变换单元工作,以调节上述T个其他直流变换单元的输入电流/输入电压,上述参考控制信号基于预设电流基准或预设电压基准得到。
在一种可行的实施方式中,上述方法还包括:
在控制上述K个直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流以减小上述母线电容的纹波电流幅值,且上述母线电容的纹波电流幅值小于上述第三阈值时,基于上述参考控制信号控制上述K个直流变换单元中的一个或多个直流变换单元工作,以调节上述一个或多个直流变换单元的输入电流/输入电压。
在本申请中,当功率变换系统的输出功率或输入功率变大,母线电容的纹波电流幅值大于第一阈值时,控制器基于输出电流控制信号/输入电流控制信号控制该功率变换系统包括的一个或部分直流变换单元调节其输出电流/输入电流,以减小母线电容的纹波电流幅值,并控制另一部分直流变换单元仍保持原有的功率输出,从而在使得功率变换系统的输出功率不明显减小的情况下,实现对母线电容的纹波电流的抑制,延长电容使用寿命,提高系统的长期可靠性。上述输出电流控制信号/输入电流控制信号可基于母线电容的电容电流获得,也可基于功率变换系统的输出电流中三相电流之和获得,上述电容电流或三相电流之和均可以准确地体现母线电容的电流纹波,因此采用本申请可以提升对母线电容纹波电流的抑制效果,有利于降低母线电容的损耗,提高功率变换系统的长期可靠性。此外,本申请中控制器还可以在母线电容的纹波 电流幅值持续大于第一阈值时,逐步依次控制多个直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流以抑制母线电容的纹波电流;或者在母线电容的纹波电流幅值变小时,基于参考控制信号反向逐步依次控制上述多个直流变换单元工作在常规模式,使得这些直流变换单元恢复正常功率输出。这样,可以在实现抑制母线电容的纹波电流的同时,尽可能控制较多的直流变换单元仍正常工作以提升功率变换系统的整体功率。
附图说明
图1是本申请提供的功率变换系统的一应用场景示意图;
图2是本申请提供的功率变换系统的另一应用场景示意图;
图3是一种纹波电流的波形示意图;
图4是功率变换系统中的控制器控制直流变换单元工作的一控制框图;
图5是功率变换系统中的控制器控制直流变换单元工作的另一控制框图;
图6是本申请提供的功率变换系统的一结构示意图;
图7a是本申请提供的功率变换系统中的控制器控制直流变换单元工作的一控制框图;
图7b是本申请提供的功率变换系统中的控制器控制直流变换单元工作的另一控制框图;
图7c是本申请提供的功率变换系统中的控制器控制直流变换单元工作的另一控制框图;
图7d是本申请提供的功率变换系统中的控制器控制直流变换单元工作的另一控制框图;
图8a是本申请提供的功率变换系统中的控制器控制直流变换单元工作的另一控制框图;
图8b是本申请提供的功率变换系统中的控制器控制直流变换单元工作的另一控制框图;
图8c是本申请提供的功率变换系统中的控制器控制直流变换单元工作的另一控制框图;
图8d是本申请提供的功率变换系统中的控制器控制直流变换单元工作的另一控制框图;
图9是本申请提供的功率变换系统的纹波电流抑制方法的一流程示意图。
具体实施方式
由于能源需求的不断增加和常规能源的有限性,新能源在整个能源供应系统中的重要性不断增加。新能源发电在电力行业具有重要意义,新能源发电形成的小网络并入公共电网,可以提高公共电网的可靠性和安全性、有利于扩大公共电网的覆盖面、节约成本等。新能源发电系统可以利用太阳能、风能及配套的储能系统等获得直流电,将该直流电转换为市电频率的交流电后输出至公共电网。具体的,在新能源发电系统中,用于将电源(如光伏阵列、风力发电机、储能电池等)输入的直流电转换为交流电的模块可以称为功率变换系统。本申请提供的功率变换系统可适用于基站设备供电或者家用设备(如冰箱、空调等等)供电等多种类型的用电设备的供电,具体可根据实际应用场景确定,在此不做限制。本申请提供的功率变换系统可适配不同的应用场景,比如,太阳能供电场景和太阳能储能电池混合供电场景等,具体可根据实际应用场景确定,在此不做限制。
参见图1,图1是本申请提供的功率变换系统的一应用场景示意图。本申请提供的功率变换系统可以包括控制器(图1中未示出)、M(M大于或等于2)个直流变换单元、母线电容和逆变单元。其中,直流变换单元的输入端可以作为功率变换系统的输入端,M个直流变换单元中每个直流变换单元的输入端连接一个直流电源的输出端,即每个直流变换单元都单独连接一个直流电源,该直流电源可以为光伏阵列(如图1)或者储能电池(如图2,图2是本申请提供的功率变换系统的另一应用场景示意图,图2中m与上述M数值相等)等。上述M个直流变换单元的输出端并联后于直流母线,上述逆变单元的输入端与直流母线连接,也即多个直流变换单元的输出端并联后与逆变单元的输入端连接。母线电容与逆变单元的输入端并联,即母线电容连接于直流母线之上。逆变单元的输出端作为上述功率变换系统的输出端,可以连接电网(也称交流电网或公共电网)或负载等。可理解的,上述功率变换系统中包括的多个直流变换单元用于将多个直流电源输入的可变直流电转换为电压或电流可控的直流电,逆变单元用于将直流变换单元输出的直流电转换为交流电,控制器用于控制直流变换单元和逆变单元工作,母线电容用于维持直流母线的电压,同时用于吸收直流变换单元和逆变单元由于高频开关工作造成的高频纹波,以及吸收公共电网映射到直流母线上的工频纹波。其中,高频纹波和工频纹波都属于纹波,纹波是指在直流电压或电流中,叠加在直流稳定量上的交流分量。也就是说,纹波是指除直流稳定量之外的交流分量。如图3所示,图3为一种纹波电流的波形示意图,该纹波电流为近似正弦波的信号。纹波的大小可以用有效值或峰值表示。在如图1或图2的应用场景中,流过母线电容的电流包括纹波电流,本申请中母线电容的纹波电流幅值可以指该 纹波电流的峰值或有效值。
在如图1和图2所示,当功率变换系统所处的应用场景不同时,为该功率变换系统中的直流变换单元提供直流输入电流/直流输入电压的直流电源可能不同。例如,在如图1所示场景,该直流电源可以为光伏阵列、太阳能电池板等,图1所示场景可以为太阳能供电场景等;在如图2所示场景,该直流电源可以为储能电池等,图2所示场景可以为太阳能储能电池混合供电场景等,本申请不对此进行限制。相应的,在不同应用场景下,功率变换系统中的控制器控制直流变换单元工作的控制逻辑可能不同。如图4所示,图4为功率变换系统中的控制器控制直流变换单元工作的一控制框图,直流变换单元的工作场景如图1所示,即该直流变换单元的输入端连接光伏阵列的输出端。在该场景下,控制器接收的输入信号为该直流变换单元的输入电流idc和该直流变换单元的输入电压vdc,此时idc、vdc分别为光伏阵列的输出电流、输出电压。控制器基于该输入信号生成控制信号,并基于该控制信号控制直流变换单元工作。具体的,上述控制器可以包括最大功率点跟踪(Maximum Power Point Tracking,MPPT)控制模块和直流电压控制模块。MPPT控制模块基于idc、vdc生成用于实现对光伏阵列最大功率点跟踪的输入电压基准vdc_ref,直流电压控制模块基于该输入电压基准vdc_ref和直流变换单元的输入电压vdc,生成对上述直流变换单元进行控制的控制信号。在该场景下功率变换系统的控制器可以对直流变换单元的输入电压进行控制,以使直流变换单元传输出光伏阵列的最大功率。如图5所示,图5为功率变换系统中的控制器控制直流变换单元工作的另一控制框图,直流变换单元的工作场景如图2所示,即该直流变换单元的输入端连接储能电池的输出端。在该场景下,控制器接收的输入信号为直流变换单元的输入电流idc、输入电压vdc,此时idc、vdc分别为储能电池的输出电流、输出电压。控制器基于该输入信号生成控制信号,并基于该控制信号控制直流变换单元工作。具体的,控制器可以包括直流电压控制模块、直流电流控制模块和选择器。直流电压控制模块根据输入电压基准vdc_ref和输入电压vdc,生成第一路信号;直流电流控制模块根据输入电流基准idc_ref和输入电流idc,生成第二路信号;选择器从第一路信号和第二路信号中选择一路作为对直流变换单元进行控制的控制信号。在该场景下功率变换系统的控制器可以对直流变换单元的输入电流或输入电压进行控制,以使直流变换单元对储能电池进行可控的放电或者充电。然而,在如图1或图2所示的应用场景中,若功率变换系统的输入功率或者输出功率变大,功率变换系统中的直流变换单元的工作逻辑保持为原有的控制逻辑(如图4或图5),此时母线电容上的纹波电流会随之变大,母线电容的损耗随着增大,降低了母线电容的使用寿命(当母线电容为电解电容时,使用寿命会大大降低),该功率发电系统的长期可靠性也随着降低,也即新能源发电系统的长期可靠性较低。
本申请提供的功率变换系统中的控制器,通过在母线电容的纹波电流幅值大于第一阈值时,控制该功率变换系统包括的M(M大于或等于2)个直流变换单元中的N(N小于M且大于或等于1)个直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流,以减小母线电容的纹波电流幅值,实现对母线电容纹波电流的抑制,也即通过控制一个或部分直流变换单元工作于电流纹波抑制模式,减小母线电容的纹波电流幅值,并控制另一部分直流变换单元仍保持正常的功率输出,从而在功率变换系统的输出功率不明显减少的情况下,实现对母线电容的纹波电流的抑制,降低母线电容的损耗,延长母线电容的使用寿命,提高功率变换系统的长期可靠性。
参见图6,图6是本申请提供的功率变换系统的一结构示意图。如图6所示,该功率变换系统包括控制器、M个直流变换单元(图6中示出m个,m≥2,m与M数值相等)、母线电容和逆变单元,该M个直流变换单元中每个直流变换单元的输入端分别连接一个直流电源,该M个直流变换单元的输出端并联于直流母线,逆变单元的输入端与直流母线连接,即该M个直流变换单元的输出端并联后与逆变单元的输入端连接。母线电容与逆变单元的输入端并联,母线电容连接于直流母线之上。逆变单元的输出端作为功率变换系统的输出端可连接电网或负载,该逆变单元的输出端包括三相输出端。如图6所示,上述至少两个直流变换单元可包括直流变换单元1、……直流变换单元i、……直流变换单元m。其中,每个直流变换单元各自的输入电流/输入电压等于该直流变换单元连接的直流电源的输出电流/输出电压。该M个直流变换单元的输出电流之和等于直流母线的输入电流,逆变单元的输入电流等于直流母线的输出电流,逆变单元的输出电流为该逆变功率变换系统的输出电流。如图6所示,直流变换单元i的输入电流、输入电压分别为idc_i、vdc_i,m个直流变换单元的输出电流之和为iin,逆变单元的输入电流为iout,逆变单元的输出电流包括三相电流ia、ib、ic,逆变单元的输出电压包括三相电压va、vb、vc,母线电容的电容电流为ibus。流过母线电容的电容电流ibus等于直流母线的输入电流iin和直流母线的输出电流iout的差值。可理解的,母线电容的纹波电流为流过该母线电容的电容电流的交流部分。纹波电流变大会导致母线电容的损耗增大,使用寿命降低。在本申请中,光伏阵列利用光伏效应产生的电能或储能电池存储的电能等可提供至功率变换系统中的M个直流变换单元,通过这些直流变换单元实现电压/电流变换,并经过直流母线后传输给逆变单元,逆变单元将电能变 换为公共电网所需的交流电压并向公共电网输出。上述功率变换系统中的直流变换单元和逆变单元的电路拓扑可为隔离型电路拓扑或者非隔离型电路拓扑,具体可根据实际应用场景需求确定,在此不做限制。
在一些可行的实施方式中,在图6所示的功率变换系统中,控制器可分别与M个直流变换单元、母线电容和逆变单元耦合,该控制器可用于在母线电容的纹波电流幅值大于第一阈值时,控制该M个直流变换单元中的N(N小于M且大于或等于1)个直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流,以减小该母线电容的纹波电流幅值。当母线电容的纹波电流幅值等于第一阈值时,控制器可控制该N个直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流,也可保持原有的控制逻辑,具体可根据实际应用场景进行设定。即在母线电容的纹波电流幅值等于各阈值(包括下文提到的各阈值)的情况下,本申请对控制器的执行步骤不进行限定。其中,母线电容的纹波电流幅值是否大于第一阈值,实际上可基于该功率变换系统的输出电流或输入电流是否大于第二阈值来确定。该功率变换系统的输出电流可以指该功率变换系统中包括的逆变单元的输出电流,该功率变换系统的输入电流可以指该功率变换系统包括的M个直流变换单元各自的输入电流的和。换句话说,控制器在该逆变单元的输出电流或者该M个直流变换单元的输入电流之和大于上述第二阈值时,确定母线电容的纹波电流大于第一阈值。在这种情况下,可以控制M个直流变换单元中的N个直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流,以减小母线电容的纹波电流幅值。可理解的,上述第二阈值可以包括第一输出电流阈值和第一输入电流阈值,这两个阈值可以设为不同的值,也可以设为相等的值,具体根据实际应用场景确定,本申请不作限制。第一输出电流阈值和第一输入电流阈值可分别用于与逆变单元的输出电流、M个直流变换单元的输入电流之和进行比较。也就是说,在逆变单元的输出电流大于第一输出电流阈值时,或者,在M个直流变换单元的输入电流之和大于第一输入电流阈值时,控制器可用于控制上述M个直流变换单元中的N个直流变换单元调节各自的输出电流/输入电流,以实现对母线电容的纹波电流的抑制。为方便描述,下面将以逆变单元的输出电流大于第二阈值为例进行说明。如图6所示,当逆变单元的输出电流大于第二阈值时,即可确定母线电容的纹波电流幅值大于第一阈值。此时,功率变换系统的控制器可以控制直流变换单元1至直流变换单元m中的一个或部分直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流,例如,控制直流变换单元1调节其输出电流或输入电流,以调整直流母线的输入电流的纹波,从而减小母线电容的纹波电流幅值,实现对母线电容的纹波电流的抑制。可理解的,逆变单元的输出电流大于第二阈值,可以是指逆变单元的输出电流中的三相电流(如图6所示的ia、ib和ic)均大于第二阈值,即三相电流同步增大,也可以是指逆变单元的输出电流中的三相电流之和大于第二阈值,本申请不对此进行限制。
具体的,上述功率变换系统中包括的控制器的数量可以为一个,该控制器可以为该功率变换系统中的主控制单元,也就是说,该控制器为功率变换系统中独立于直流变换单元、母线电容和逆变单元之外的功能单元。在这种情况下,该控制器可以分别与M个直流变换单元、母线电容和逆变单元耦合,可用于获得如图6所示的功率变换系统中包括逆变单元的输出电流、M个直流变换单元各自的输入电流,并在逆变单元的输出电流或者M个直流变换单元的输入电流之和大于第二阈值时,确定母线电容的纹波电流幅值大于第一阈值,控制M个直流变换单元中的N个直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流,以减小该母线电容的纹波电流幅值。可选的,在图6所示的功率变换系统中,控制器的数量也可为多个。例如,功率变换系统中每个直流变换单元和逆变单元都可分别对应一个控制器,这些控制器可与该功率变换系统的主控制器实现信息交互。具体实现中,这些控制器和主控制器的信息交互方式可以是通过控制总线通信、无线通信等等,具体可根据实际应用场景确定,操作灵活,适用性高。其中,该功率变换系统中任一直流变换单元/逆变单元所对应的控制器可为独立于该直流变换单元/逆变单元之外的功能单元,或者,该任一直流变换单元/逆变单元所对应的控制器也可为该直流变换单元/逆变单元中的一个功能单元,换句话说,该控制器可集成在与该控制器对应的直流变换单元/逆变器中,具体可根据实际应用场景确定,在此不做限制。在这种情况下,任一个控制器可用于获得该控制器对应的直流变换单元/逆变单元的输入电流/输出电流,并将该电流值传输给该功率变换系统的主控制器,该主控制器在逆变单元的输出电流或者M个直流变换单元的输入电流之和大于第二阈值时,控制M个直流变换单元中的N个直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流,以减小该母线电容的纹波电流幅值。
在一些可行的实施方式中,当控制器基于如图4或图5所示的控制框图控制直流变换单元工作时,可以称直流变换单元工作于常规模式。本申请中,当控制器控制直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流以减小母线电容的纹波电流幅值时,可以称直流变换单元工作于电流纹波抑制模式。也就是说,当母线电容的纹波电流幅值超出限制(如大于第一阈值)时,控制器可以控制M个直流变换单元中的N个直流变换单元从常规模式切换至电流纹波抑制模式,以使该N个直流变换单元调节其输出电流或输入电流,从而达到减小母线电容的纹波电流幅值的目的。为方便描述,下面以直流变换单元调节输出电流为例进行说明。控制器控 制该N个直流变换单元的工作模式从常规模式切换至电流纹波抑制模式的过程可包括但不限于以下几种方式:
方式一:控制该N个直流变换单元同时从常规模式切换至电流纹波抑制模式,N的取值与多个电流范围一一对应,该对应关系可以由实验或测试数据获得。换句话说,N的取值可基于母线电容的纹波电流幅值(实质上可体现为逆变单元的输出电流或者M个直流变换单元的输入电流之和)所处的电流范围来确定。为方便描述,下面以利用逆变单元的输出电流来体现母线电容的纹波电流幅值为例进行说明。例如,获得逆变单元当前的输出电流,在其大于第二阈值时,将该逆变单元的输出电流与多个电流范围进行比较,基于该逆变单元的输出电流所处的电流范围来控制N个直流变换单元同时从常规模式切换至电流纹波抑制模式,以使母线电容的电流纹波幅值在逆变单元的输出电流处于不同电流范围的情况下均能减小至符合要求。为方便描述,以三个电流范围(A1~A2、A2~A3、A3以上,A3>A2,A2>A1,A1大于或等于第二阈值)为例进行说明。若逆变单元的输出电流在A1~A2范围,则此时直接控制N1个直流变换单元从常规模式切换至电流纹波抑制模式;若逆变单元的输出电流在A2~A3范围,则此时直接控制N2(N2>N1)个直流变换单元从常规模式切换至电流纹波抑制模式;若逆变单元的输出电流在A3以上,则此时直接控制N3(M>N3>N2)个直流变换单元从常规模式切换至电流纹波抑制模式。可理解的,在逆变单元的输出电流大于第二阈值时,基于该逆变单元的输出电流的大小控制对应数量的直流变换单元同时工作于电流纹波抑制模式,即控制这些直流变换单元一起调节其输出电流。这样,可以使得母线电容的电流纹波幅值尽快减小至符合要求,保证对母线电容的纹波电流的抑制效果。
方式二:控制N个直流变换单元依次从常规模式切换至电流纹波抑制模式。具体的,当母线电容的纹波电流幅值大于第三阈值时,控制器控制上述N个直流变换单元中的K个直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流,以减小母线电容的纹波电流幅值。即此时K个直流变换单元工作于电流纹波抑制模式。其中,第三阈值大于或等于上述第一阈值,K小于上述N。进一步的,当上述K个直流变换单元工作于电流纹波抑制模式时,若检测到该功率变换系统的输出电流大于第四阈值,则可控制上述N个直流变换单元中除上述K个直流变换单元之外的T个其他直流变换单元从常规模式切换至电流纹波抑制模式,以进一步减小母线电容的纹波电流减小。其中,第四阈值大于或等于上述第三阈值。T与K的和小于M,且T大于或等于1。换句话说,当控制器控制上述K个直流变换单元调节输出电流以减小母线电容的纹波电流幅值,且母线电容的纹波电流幅值大于第四阈值时,控制器可控制上述K个直流变换单元之外的T个其他直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流,以减小母线电容的纹波电流减小。可理解的,上述母线电容的纹波电流幅值与第三阈值、第四阈值的比较,分别可以通过逆变单元的输出电流或M个直流变换单元的输入电流之和与第五阈值(第五阈值与第三阈值对应)、第六阈值(第六阈值与第四阈值对应)的比较来体现。这样,可以实现母线电容的纹波电流幅值的大小,依次控制N个直流变换单元从常规模式切换至电流纹波抑制模式,来逐步影响功率变换系统中母线电容的输入电流,从而实现对母线电容的纹波电流的抑制。另外,控制多个直流变换单元逐步切换为电流纹波抑制模式,可以在实现抑制母线电容的纹波电流的同时,尽可能控制较多的直流变换单元仍工作于常规模式以提升功率变换系统的整体功率。
在一些可行的实施方式中,在功母线电容的纹波电流幅值大于第一阈值时,若控制器控制N个直流变换单元依次从常规模式切换至电流纹波抑制模式,那么控制器还可以基于母线电容的纹波电流幅值的实时变化,及时控制该N个直流变换单元反向依次从电流纹波抑制模式切换回常规模式。具体的,在上述K个直流变换单元和上述N个直流变换单元中除K个直流变换单元之外的T个其他直流变换单元都工作于电流纹波抑制模式时,若检测到母线电容的纹波电流幅值小于上述第四阈值,则可以控制该T个其他直流变换单元(中的一个或多个直流变换单元)从电流纹波抑制模式切换回常规模式。换句话说,控制器在控制上述T个其他直流变换单元调节输出电流以抑制母线电容的纹波电流,且母线电容的纹波电流幅值小于上述第四阈值时,可以基于参考控制信号控制该T个直流变换单元工作,以调节该至少一个直流变换单元的输入电流/输入电压。其中,该参考控制信号基于预设电流基准或预设电压基准得到。该参考控制信号可以为如图4或图5所示的控制信号。可理解的,每个直流变换单元对应的参考控制信号基于该直流变换单元对应的预设电流基准或预设电压基准得到。控制器基于参考控制信号控制直流变换单元工作,即按照如图4或图5所示的控制框图控制该直流变换单元工作,此时该直流变换单元工作于常规模式。这样,基于母线电容的纹波电流幅值的实时变化相应控制直流变换单元的工作状态,在母线电容的纹波电流幅值较大时控制更多的直流变换单元工作于电流纹波抑制模式,以加强对母线电容的纹波电流的抑制效果;而在母线电容的纹波电流幅值较小时控制已经工作于电流波抑制模式的直流变换单元切换回常规模式,以保证功率变换系统的整体输出功率。本申请可以在使得功率变换系统的输出功率不明显减小的情况下,实现对母线电容 的纹波电流的抑制,降低母线电容的损耗,有效提升功率变换系统的工作效率和长期可靠性。
进一步的,在上述K个直流变换单元工作于电流纹波抑制模式时,若检测到母线电容的纹波电流幅值小于上述第三阈值,则可以控制该K个直流变换单元中的一个或多个直流变换单元从电流纹波抑制模式切换回常规模式。换句话说,在控制上述K个直流变换单元调节输出电流以减小母线电容的纹波电流幅值,且母线电容的纹波电流幅值小于上述第三阈值时,控制器可基于上述参考控制信号控制该K个直流变换单元中的一个或多个直流变换单元工作,以调节该一个或多个直流变换单元的输入电流/输入电压。此时控制器按照如图4或图5所示的控制框图控制该一个或多个直流变换单元工作,该一个或多个直流变换单元工作于常规模式。本申请实施例中,在已有多个直流变换单元工作于电流纹波抑制模式的情况下,控制器可在母线电容的纹波电流幅值较大时,控制更多直流变换单元切换至电流纹波抑制模式,以提升对母线电容的纹波电流的抑制效果;在母线电容的纹波电流幅值较小时,依次控制部分工作于电流纹波抑制模式的直流变换单元切换回常规模式,以在抑制母线电容的纹波电流的同时提升功率变换系统的输出功率。这样可以在使得功率变换系统的输出功率不明显减小的情况下,实现对母线电容的纹波电流的抑制,即实现对功率变换系统的工作效率和长期可靠性的兼顾。
下面结合图6具体介绍随着母线电容的纹波电流幅值(本段以利用逆变单元的输出电流来体现母线电容的纹波电流幅值为例进行描述)的实时变化,控制器控制多个直流变换单元在常规模式和电流纹波抑制模式之间进行切换的过程。如图6所示,假设功率变换系统中包括M个直流变换单元,该M个直流变换单元包括直流变换单元1、……直流变换单元i、……和直流变换单元m,m为大于或等于2的整数。控制器控制该M个直流变换单元中的N(以N=2为例)个直流变换单元从常规模式依次切换至电流纹波抑制模式、以及从电流纹波抑制模式依次切换回常规模式的过程可以包括:当逆变单元的输出电流小于电流阈值A1时,控制器控制该M个直流变换单元均工作于常规模式。当逆变单元的输出电流大于电流阈值A1时,控制器可控制直流变换单元1从常规模式切换至电流纹波抑制模式;在直流变换单元1工作于电流纹波抑制模式且逆变单元的输出电流大于电流阈值A2(电流阈值A2大于或等于电流阈值A1)时,可继续控制直流变换单元2从常规模式切换至电流纹波抑制模式;在直流变换单元1、直流变换单元2均工作于电流纹波抑制模式,且逆变单元的输出电流在电流阈值A1~电流阈值A2范围内时,可控制直流变换单元2从电流纹波抑制模式切换回常规模式;在直流变换单元1工作于电流纹波抑制模式且逆变单元的输出电流小于电流阈值A1时,可控制直流变换单元1从电流纹波抑制模式切换回常规模式。
在一些可行的实施方式中,在母线电容的纹波电流幅值大于第一阈值时,控制M个直流变换单元中的N个直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流,可以使得该N个直流变换单元输出与母线电容的纹波电流方向相反的电流。即该N个直流变换单元的输出电流的电流方向与母线电容的纹波电流的方向相反,此时,该N个直流变换单元的输出电流与母线电容的纹波电流叠加后,方向相反幅值相等的部分抵消,从而使得母线电容的纹波电流幅值减小,实现对母线电容的纹波电流的抑制。
下面将结合图7a-图7d和图8a-图8d,具体介绍功率变换系统的控制器控制直流变换单元工作于电流纹波抑制模式的过程,也即介绍控制器控制直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流以抑制母线电容的纹波电流的过程。
在一些可行的实施方式中,功率变换系统的控制器可以通过控制信号控制直流变换单元的输出电流,来抑制母线电容的纹波电流。具体的,该控制器可用于生成输出电流控制信号,并基于该输出电流控制信号控制上述N个直流变换单元工作,以调节上述N个直流变换单元的输出电流。可以理解,在母线电容的纹波电流幅值大于第一阈值时,此时流过母线电容的纹波电流较大,控制器通过生成输出电流控制信号来控制一个或部分直流变换单元工作以调节其输出电流,可以调整直流母线的输入电流的纹波,从而在功率变换系统的输出功率没有明显减少的情况下,实现母线电容的纹波电流的抑制,减少母线电容(尤其是电解电容)的损耗,提高功率变换系统的长期可靠性。
在一些可行的实施方式中,该控制器可以基于母线电容的电容电流获得第一输出电流基准,并基于该第一输出电流基准和该N个直流变换单元的输出电流采样值生成上述输出电流控制信号。其中,第一输出电流基准可以是与母线电容的纹波电流方向相反的电流信号。那么,基于该第一输出电流基准生成输出电流控制信号控制N个直流变换单元调节输出电流,可以使得该N个直流变换单元输出与母线电容的纹波电流方向相反的电流,从而使得该N个直流变换单元的输出电流与母线电容的纹波电流叠加后,方向相反且幅值相等的部分能够抵消,使得母线电容的纹波电流幅度减小。可理解的,若N大于1,上述输出电流控制信号的数量可以为N个。针对该N个直流变换单元中的任一个直流变换单元,可基于上述第一输出电流基准和该直流变换单元的输出电流采样值,生成该直流变换单元对应的输出电流控制信号,该输出电 流控制信号可用于控制该直流变换单元调节输出电流。在本申请中,通过采样获得母线电容的电容电流,可以准确获得母线电容的电容电流包括的纹波电流的大小,并基于该母线电容的电容电流生成第一输出电流基准,相应的,基于第一电流基准生成的输出电流控制信号可有效减小母线电容的纹波电流幅值,保证良好的纹波电流抑制效果。
具体的,控制器基于母线电容的电容电流获得第一输出电流基准的过程包括不同的方式。例如,控制器可基于母线电容的电容电流获得该电容电流的低频分量,并基于该电容电流的低频分量获得上述第一输出电流基准。其中,上述低频分量是相对概念,可以包括该电容电流的交流成分中频率相对较低且占比较大的部分,具体可根据实际应用场景确定。如图7a所示,该控制器可以包括低通滤波器和调理模块,通过低通滤波器滤除电容电流中的高频分量后可获得该电容电流的低频分量,进一步的,通过调理模块对该电容电流的低频分量进行调理(例如对电流进行反向和比例控制等处理),可获得上述第一输出电流基准。如图7a所示,假设功率变换系统的控制器控制直流变换单元i(该直流变换单元为上述N个直流变换单元中的一个)工作于电流纹波抑制模式,在此过程中,控制器可通过采样获得母线电容的电容电流ibus,再通过低通滤波器和调理模块对该电容电流ibus进行处理,得到第一输出电流基准iin_iref;接着,通过输出电流控制模块基于该第一输出电流基准iin_iref和该直流变换单元i的输出电流iin_i采样值生成输出电流控制信号;控制器基于该输出电流控制信号控制直流变换单元i调节输出电流(如图6所示的iin_i)。这里,母线电容的电容电流的低频分量可以较准确地体现母线电容的电流纹波,控制器基于该电容电流的低频分量得到第一输出电流基准、生成输出电流控制信号,基于该输出电流控制信号控制直流变换单元调节输出电流,可以对直流变换单元的输出电流的纹波起到很好的抑制作用,进而有效抑制母线电容的纹波电流。又例如,控制器可基于母线电容的电容电流获得该电容电流的包络线,并基于该电容电流的包络线获得上述第一输出电流基准。如图7b所示,该控制器可以包括包络线获取器和调理模块,通过包络线获取器获得该电容电流的包络线后,再通过调理模块对该电容电流的包络线进行调理,可获得上述第一输出电流基准。控制器通过该方式获得第一输出电流基准的过程与图7a所示的方式类似,具体可参考图7a对应的文字描述,在此不再赘述。由于母线电容的电容电流的包络线可以更准确的体现母线电容的电流纹波,采用此方式来获得第一输出电流基准,以生成输出电流控制信号控制直流变换单元的输出电流,可以对母线电容的电流纹波起到更有效的抑制作用,有利于降低母线电容的损耗,提高功率变换系统的长期可靠性。
可选的,在一些可行的实施方式中,功率变换系统的控制器可以基于上述功率变换系统包括的逆变单元的输出电流,获得第二输出电流基准,并基于上述第二输出电流基准和上述N个直流变换单元的输出电流采样值生成上述输出电流控制信号。其中,该第二输出电流基准可以是与母线电容的纹波电流方向相反的电流信号。那么,基于该第二输出电流基准生成输出电流控制信号控制N个直流变换单元调节输出电流,可以使得该N个直流变换单元输出与母线电容的纹波电流方向相反的电流,从而使得该N个直流变换单元的输出电流与母线电容的纹波电流叠加后,方向相反且幅值相等的部分能够抵消,使得母线电容的纹波电流幅度减小。具体的,功率变换系统的控制器可以基于上述逆变单元的输出电流中三相电流之和,获得第二输出电流基准。由于功逆变单元的输出电流中三相电流之和可以体现母线电容的电流纹波,控制器基于该逆变单元的输出电流获得第二输出电流基准,并基于此生成输出电流控制信号以控制直流变换单元调节输出电流,可以不额外增加母线电容的电容电流采样模块,仍利用功率变换系统已有的输出电流采样模块来实现对母线电容电流纹波的抑制,进而节省电路成本,降低电路复杂性。
具体的,上述功率变换系统的控制器可以采用多种方式来获得上述第二输出电流基准。示例性的,该控制器可以基于逆变单元的输出电流的三相电流之和,获得三相电流之和的低频分量,并基于三相电流之和的低频分量获得第二输出电流基准。如图7c所示,控制器可以包括低通滤波器和调理模块,通过低通滤波器滤波后获得该三相电流之和的低频分量后,再通过调理模块对该三相电流之和的低频分量进行调理(例如对电流进行反向和比例控制等处理),可获得上述第二输出电流基准。如图7c所示,假设功率变换系统的控制器控制直流变换单元i工作于电流纹波抑制模式,在此过程中,控制器可通过采样获得逆变单元的输出电流中的三相电流ia、ib、ic,通过低通滤波器和调理模块对该三相电流之和进行处理,得到第二输出电流基准iin_iref;接着,通过输出电流控制模块基于该第二输出电流基准iin_iref和该直流变换单元i的输出电流iin_i采样值生成输出电流控制信号;控制器基于该输出电流控制信号控制直流变换单元i调节输出电流(如图6所示的iin_i)。这里,逆变单元的输出电流中三相电流之和可以体现母线电容的电流纹波,且该三相电流之和的低频分量可以更进一步准确体现母线电容的电流纹波,控制器基于该三相电流之和的低频分量得到第二输出电流基准、生成输出电流控制信号,基于该输出电流控制信号控制直流变换单元调节输出电流,可以减小母线电容的纹波电流幅值,进而有效抑制母线电容的纹波电流,且无需增加额外的 电容电流采样模块,有利于降低电路成本。或者,功率变换系统的控制器还可基于逆变单元的输出电流的三相电流之和,获得三相电流之和的包络线,并基于三相电流之和的包络线获得第二输出电流基准。如图7d所示,控制器可以包括包络线获取器和调理模块,通过包络线获取器获得逆变单元的输出电流中三相电流之和的包络线后,再通过调理模块对该三相电流之和的包络线进行调理,可获得上述第二输出电流基准。控制器通过该方式获得第二输出电流基准的过程与图7c所示的方式类似,具体可参考图7c对应的文字描述,在此不再赘述。这里,逆变单元的输出电流中三相电流之和的包络线可以更准确的体现母线电容的电流纹波,采用此方式来获得第二输出电流基准,以生成输出电流控制信号控制直流变换单元的输出电流,可以对母线电容的电流纹波起到更有效的抑制作用,有利于降低母线电容的损耗,提高功率变换系统的长期可靠性,不会额外增加电路成本,适用性强。
在一种可行的实施方式中,功率变换系统的控制器可以通过控制信号控制直流变换单元的输入电流,通过控制该直流变换单元的输入电流间接控制该直流变换单元的输出电流,以抑制母线电容的纹波电流。具体的,该控制器可用于生成输入电流控制信号,基于该输入电流控制信号控制上述N个直流变换单元工作,以调节上述N个直流变换单元的输入电流。可理解的,直流变换单元的输入电流和输出电流满足预设比例关系,该预设比例关系可由实际应用场景中的负载需求或电路元件需求确定,因此对直流变换单元的输入电流进行控制,可间接实现对该直流变换单元的输出电流的控制。这样,最终可以实现抑制母线电容的纹波电流,延长母线电容的使用寿命,保证该功率变换系统的长期可靠性。
在一些可行的实施方式中,该功率变换系统的控制器可以基于上述母线电容的电容电流获得第一输入电流基准,并基于上述第一输入电流基准和上述N个直流变换单元的输入电流采样值生成上述输入电流控制信号。其中,基于母线电容的电容电流获得第一输入电流基准的方式有多种。示例性的,控制器可基于上述电容电流获得上述电容电流的低频分量,并基于上述电容电流的低频分量获得上述第一输入电流基准。如图8a所示,该控制器可以包括低通滤波器和调理模块,通过低通滤波器滤除电容电流中的高频分量以获得该电容电流的低频分量后,再通过调理模块对该电容电流的低频分量进行调理(例如对电流进行反向和比例控制等处理),获得上述第一输入电流基准。可理解的,在获得第一输入电流基准的过程中,调理模块按照第二比例对电容电流的低频分量进行比例控制。而在如图7a所示获得第一输出电流基准的过程中,调理模块按照第一比例对电容电流的低频分量进行比例控制。其中,第一比例和第二比例为不同的值,且第二比例可以基于第一比例和上述预设比例关系获得。如图8a所示,假设功率变换系统的控制器控制直流变换单元i工作于电流纹波抑制模式,在此过程中,控制器可通过采样获得母线电容的电容电流ibus,再通过低通滤波器和调理模块对该电容电流ibus进行处理,得到第一输入电流基准idc_iref;接着,通过输入电流控制模块基于该第一输入电流基准idc_iref和该直流变换单元i的输入电流idc_i采样值生成输入电流控制信号;控制器基于该输入电流控制信号控制直流变换单元i调节输入电流(如图6所示的idc_i)。或者,控制器可基于母线电容的电容电流获得该电容电流的包络线,并基于电容电流的包络线获得上述第一输入电流基准。如图8b所示,控制器可以包括包络线获取器和调理模块,通过包络线获取器获得该电容电流的包络线后,再通过利用调理模块对该电容电流的包络线进行调理,获得上述第一输入电流基准。控制器通过该方式获得第一输入电流基准的过程与图8a所示的方式类似,具体可参考图8a对应的文字描述,在此不再赘述。这里,母线电容电流的低频分量或包络线均可以准确地体现母线电容的电流纹波,采用这些方式来获得第一输入电流基准,以生成输入电流控制信号控制直流变换单元的输入电流,进而间接控制直流变换单元的输出电流,可以对母线电容的电流纹波起到有效的抑制作用,有利于降低母线电容的损耗,提高功率变换系统的长期可靠性。
可选的,在一些可行的实施方式中,该控制器可基于上述逆变单元的输出电流,获得第二输入电流基准,并基于第二输入电流基准和上述N个直流变换单元的输入电流采样值生成上述输入电流控制信号。具体的,该控制器可基于上述逆变单元的输出电流的三相电流之和,获得上述三相电流之和的低频分量,并基于上述三相电流之和的低频分量获得上述第二输入电流基准。如图8c所示,假设功率变换系统的控制器控制直流变换单元i工作于电流纹波抑制模式,在此过程中,控制器可通过采样获得逆变单元的输出电流中的三相电流ia、ib、ic,通过低通滤波器和调理模块对该三相电流之和进行处理,得到第二输入电流基准idc_iref;接着,通过输入电流控制模块基于该第二输入电流基准idc_iref和该直流变换单元i的输入电流idc_i采样值生成输入电流控制信号;控制器基于该输入电流控制信号控制直流变换单元i调节输入电流(如图6所示的idc_i)。或者,该控制器可基于上述逆变单元的输出电流的三相电流之和,获得上述三相电流之和的包络线,并基于上述三相电流之和的包络线获得上述第二输入电流基准。图8d所示的控制器获得第二输入电流基准的过程与图8c所示的方式类似,用包络线获取器替代低通滤波器对三相电流之和进行处理, 其他过程大致相同,因此可参考图8c对应的文字描述,在此不再赘述。逆变单元的输出电流中三相电流之和可以体现母线电容的电流纹波,通过基于该功率变换系统的输出电流获得第二输入电流基准,并基于此生成输入电流控制信号以控制直流变换单元调节输入电流,可以间接控制直流变换单元调节输出电流。这样,可以不用增加母线电容的电容电流的采样模块,仍利用功率变换系统已有的输入电流采样模块实现抑制母线电容的电流纹波,有利于节省电路成本,降低电路复杂性。
在本申请中,当功率变换系统的输出功率或输入功率变大,母线电容的纹波电流幅值大于第一阈值时,控制器基于输出电流控制信号/输入电流控制信号控制该功率变换系统包括的一个或部分直流变换单元调节其输出电流/输入电流,以减小母线电容的纹波电流幅值,并控制另一部分直流变换单元仍保持原有的功率输出,从而在使得功率变换系统的输出功率不明显减小的情况下,实现对母线电容的纹波电流的抑制,延长电容使用寿命,提高系统的长期可靠性。上述输出电流控制信号/输入电流控制信号可基于母线电容的电容电流获得,也可基于功率变换系统的输出电流中三相电流之和获得,由于上述电容电流或三相电流之和均可以准确地体现母线电容的电流纹波,因此采用本申请可以提升对母线电容纹波电流的抑制效果,有利于降低母线电容的损耗,提高功率变换系统的长期可靠性。此外,本申请中控制器还可以在母线电容的纹波电流幅值持续大于第一阈值时,逐步依次控制多个直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流以减小母线电容的纹波电流幅值;或者在母线电容的纹波电流幅值变小时,基于参考控制信号反向逐步依次控制上述多个直流变换单元工作在常规模式,使得这些直流变换单元恢复正常功率输出。这样,可以在实现抑制母线电容的纹波电流的同时,尽可能控制较多的直流变换单元仍正常工作以提升功率变换系统的整体功率。
参见图9,图9是本申请提供的功率变换系统的纹波电流抑制方法的一流程示意图。本申请提供的纹波电流抑制方法适用于功率变换系统中的控制器,该功率变换系统还包括M个直流变换单元、母线电容和逆变单元,该M个直流变换单元中每个直流变换单元的输入端分别连接一个直流电源,该M个直流变换单元的输出端并联后连接逆变单元的输入端,母线电容与逆变单元的输入端并联,逆变单元的输出端用于连接电网或负载;该功率变换系统的结构可以如图6所示,应用于如图1或图2所示的应用场景。该方法可以包括但不限于如下步骤:
步骤S901,控制器检测逆变单元的输出电流或M个直流变换单元的输入电流。
其中,该逆变单元的输出电流可包括如图6所示的三相电流ia、ib和ic。该M个直流变换单元的输入电流可包括上述M个直流变换单元中每个直流变换单元的输入电流,即包括如图6所示的电流idc_1、idc_i……和idc_m。控制器可实时检测逆变单元的输出电流或M个直流变换单元的输入电流,以基于该逆变单元的输出电流或M个直流变换单元的输入电流之和来确定母线电容的纹波电流幅值是否超出限制。
步骤S902,判断逆变单元的输出电流或M个直流变换单元的输入电流之和是否大于第二阈值。若是,执行步骤S903;若否,执行步骤S907。
其中,若执行步骤S901时控制器检测的是逆变单元的输出电流,那么此时控制器判断逆变单元的输出电流是否大于第二阈值,这里的第二阈值实际上是指第一输出电流阈值。逆变单元的输出电流是否大于第二阈值,可包括多种情况:例如,如图6所示的三相电流ia、ib和ic是否均大于第二阈值,或者,该三相电流ia、ib与ic的和是否大于第二阈值等,具体可以根据实际应用场景进行设置。本申请以三相电流ia、ib和ic均大于第二阈值为示例进行描述。控制器可通过采样获得逆变单元的输出电流,当逆变单元的输出电流中三相电流均大于第二阈值时,执行步骤S903,否则执行步骤S907。若执行步骤S901时控制器检测的是M个直流变换单元的输入电流时,对应的,此时控制器判断该M个直流变换单元的输入电流之和是否大于第二阈值,这里的第二阈值实际上是指第一输入电流阈值,该第一输入电流阈值与上述第一输出电流阈值可以是不同的值,也可以是相同的值,本申请不作限制。M个直流变换单元的输入电流之和是否大于第二阈值,可以是指如图6所示的直流变换单元的输入电流idc_1、idc_i……idc_m的和是否大于第二阈值。控制器可通过采样获得M个直流变换单元的输入电流,当该M个直流变换单元的输入电流之和大于第二阈值时,执行步骤S903,否则执行步骤S907。这里,在逆变单元的输出电流或M个直流变换单元的输入电流之和大于第二阈值时,可以确定母线电容的纹波电流幅值大于第一阈值,进而可以控制部分直流变换单元工作于电流纹波抑制模式(即调节输出电流/输入电流),以减小母线电容的纹波电流幅值。可理解的,在本申请中,若控制器检测逆变单元的输出电流,在该方法的各步骤中均将逆变单元的输出电流与阈值进行比较,而若控制器检测M个直流变换单元的输入电流,在该方法的各步骤中均将该M个直流变换单元的输入电流之和与电流阈值进行比较,后续不再赘述。
步骤S903,控制器控制直流变换单元k工作于电流纹波抑制模式。
其中,直流变换单元工作于电流纹波抑制模式,是指控制器基于图7a-图7d或图8a-图8d所示的任一种控制框图控制直流变换单元工作,换句话说,此时控制器控制直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流以减小母线电容的纹波电流幅值。区别于纹波电流抑制模式,直流变换单元还可以工作于常规模式,即控制器基于图4或图5所示的控制框图控制直流变换单元工作。上述直流变换单元k可以为功率变换系统中工作于常规模式的任一个直流变换单元。可理解的,在逆变单元的输出电流或M个直流变换单元的输入电流之和大于上述第二阈值,即确定母线电容的纹波电流幅值大于第一阈值时时,控制器通过控制一个工作于于常规模式的直流变换单元切换至电流纹波抑制模式,可以在使得功率变换系统的输出功率不明显减小的情况下,减小母线电容的纹波电流幅值,降低母线电容的损耗。
具体的,控制器可以通过多种方式来控制直流变换单元(如直流变换单元k)工作于电流纹波抑制模式,换句话说,控制器控制直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流以抑制母线电容的纹波电流的方式可以有多种。例如,该控制器可以生成输出电流控制信号,基于该输出电流控制信号控制直流变换单元工作以调节该直流变换单元的输出电流。其中,控制器可以基于母线电容的电容电流获得该电容电流的低频分量/包络线,并基于所述电容电流的低频分量/包络线获得第一输出电流基准;基于第一输出电流基准和该直流变换单元的输出电流采样值生成输出电流控制信号。或者,控制器可以基于逆变单元的输出电流中三相电流之和,获得三相电流之和的低频分量/包络线,并基于三相电流之和的低频分量/包络线获得第二输出电流基准;基于第二输出电流基准和该直流变换单元的输出电流采样值生成上述输出电流控制信号。以上过程可如图7a-图7d所示。
又例如,该控制器可以生成输入电流控制信号,基于该输入电流控制信号控制直流变换单元工作以调节该直流变换单元的输入电流,从而实现间接控制该直流变换单元调节输出电流。其中,控制器可以基于母线电容的电容电流获得该电容电流的低频分量/包络线,并基于所述电容电流的低频分量/包络线获得第一输入电流基准;基于第一输入电流基准和该直流变换单元的输入电流采样值生成输入电流控制信号。或者,控制器可以基于逆变单元的输出电流中三相电流之和,获得三相电流之和的低频分量/包络线,并基于三相电流之和的低频分量/包络线获得第二输入电流基准;基于第二输入电流基准和该直流变换单元的输入电流采样值生成上述输入电流控制信号。以上过程可如图8a-图8d所示。
步骤S904,判断逆变单元的输出电流或M个直流变换单元的输入电流之和是否大于第五阈值。若是,执行步骤S905;若否,执行步骤S906。
其中,第五阈值大于或等于上述第二阈值。执行步骤S903后,此时功率变换系统中至少存在一个直流变换单元工作于电流纹波抑制模式,但母线电容的纹波电流可能仍然较大,损耗较高。控制器通过检测逆变单元的输出电流或M个直流变换单元的输入电流,并判断该逆变单元的输出电流或M个直流变换单元的输入电流之和是否大于第五阈值,来确定母线电容的纹波电流幅值是否大于第三阈值(第三阈值大于或等于上述第一阈值)。控制器基于该步骤的判断结果来控制其他直流变换单元的工作状态,可以提升对母线电容的纹波电流的抑制效果。
步骤S905,控制器控制直流变换单元j工作于电流纹波抑制模式。
其中,该直流变换单元j可以为当前该功率变换系统中工作于常规模式的任一个直流变换单元。可理解的,在母线电容的纹波电流幅值(体现为逆变单元的输出电流或M个直流变换单元的输入电流之和)较大时,逐个依次控制上述直流变换单元k和该直流变换单元j工作于电流纹波抑制模式(即从常规模式切换至电流纹波抑制模式),可以在实现抑制母线电容的纹波电流的同时,尽可能控制较多的直流变换单元仍工作于常规模式以提升功率变换系统的整体功率。可选的,若逆变单元的输出电流或M个直流变换单元的输入电流之和大于第六阈值……(即确定母线电容的纹波电流幅值大于第四阈值……),还可以控制直流变换单元s……从常规模式切换至电流纹波抑制模式,提升对母线电容的纹波电流的抑制效果。执行该步骤S905后,可返回步骤S901。
步骤S906,控制器控制直流变换单元j工作于常规模式。
在一些可行的实施方式中,若功率变换系统中存在两个或两个以上直流变换单元工作于电流纹波抑制模式,且该两个或两个以上直流变换单元是逐个从常规模式切换至电流纹波抑制模式的,那么该直流变换单元j可以为最近从常规模式切换为电流纹波抑制模式的直流变换单元。可选的,直流变换单元j也可以为上述两个或两个以上直流变换单元中的任意一个直流变换单元,本申请不作限制。可理解的,步骤S906中的直流变换单元j与上述步骤S905中的直流变换单元j不是特指同一个直流变换单元,两者可以是不同的直流变换单元,这里j只是一个符号代称。换句话说,步骤S906中的直流变换单元j也可用直流变换单元p等表示。这样,当逆变单元的输出电流或M个直流变换单元的输入电流之和逐渐减小至小于第五阈值 时(也即母线电容的纹波电流幅值减小至小于第三阈值),可以相应逐渐减少工作于电流纹波抑制模式的直流变换单元的数量,在实现抑制母线电容的纹波电流的同时,尽可能控制较多的直流变换单元仍工作于常规模式以提升功率变换系统的整体功率。执行该步骤S906后,可返回步骤S901。
步骤S907,控制器控制直流变换单元k工作于常规模式。
在一些可行的实施方式中,若功率变换系统中存在一个或一个以上直流变换单元工作于电流纹波抑制模式,那么该直流变换单元k可以为最近从常规模式切换为电流纹波抑制模式的直流变换单元。可选的,直流变换单元k也可以为上述一个或一个以上直流变换单元中的任意一个直流变换单元,本申请不作限制。可理解的,步骤S907中的直流变换单元k与上述步骤S903中的直流变换单元k不是特指同一个直流变换单元,两者可以是不同的直流变换单元,这里k只是一个符号代称。换句话说,步骤S907中的直流变换单元k也可用直流变换单元q等表示。这样,当逆变单元的输出电流或M个直流变换单元的输入电流之和逐渐减小至小于第二阈值时(也即母线电容的纹波电流幅值减小至小于第一阈值),可以相应减少工作于电流纹波抑制模式的直流变换单元的数量,在母线电容的纹波电流幅值减小至符合要求时,控制原本工作于纹波电流抑制模式的直流变换单元切换回常规模式,恢复正常的功率输出,以提高功率变换系统的整体功率。执行该步骤S907后,可返回步骤S901。
在本申请中,当功率变换系统的输出功率或输入功率变大,母线电容的纹波电流幅值大于第一阈值(即逆变单元的输出电流或功率变换系统包括的M个直流变换单元的输入电流之和大于第二阈值)时,控制器控制该功率变换系统包括的一个或部分直流变换单元调节其输出电流/输入电流,以减小母线电容的纹波电流幅值,并控制另一部分直流变换单元仍保持原有的功率输出,从而在使得功率变换系统的输出功率不明显减小的情况下,实现对母线电容的纹波电流的抑制,延长电容使用寿命,提高系统的长期可靠性。上述输出电流控制信号/输入电流控制信号可基于母线电容的电容电流获得,也可基于功率变换系统的输出电流中三相电流之和获得,由于上述电容电流或三相电流之和均可以准确地体现母线电容的电流纹波,因此采用本申请可以提升对母线电容纹波电流的抑制效果,有利于降低母线电容的损耗,提高功率变换系统的长期可靠性。此外,本申请中控制器还可以在母线电容的纹波电流幅值持续大于第一阈值时,逐步依次控制多个直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流以减小母线电容的纹波电流幅值;或者在母线电容的纹波电流幅值变小时,逐步依次控制上述多个直流变换单元工作在常规模式,使得这些直流变换单元恢复正常功率输出。这样,可以在实现抑制母线电容的纹波电流的同时,尽可能控制较多的直流变换单元仍正常工作以提升功率变换系统的整体功率。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种功率变换系统,其特征在于,所述功率变换系统包括控制器、M个直流变换单元、母线电容和逆变单元,所述M个直流变换单元中每个直流变换单元的输入端分别连接一个直流电源,所述M个直流变换单元的输出端并联后连接所述逆变单元的输入端,所述母线电容与所述逆变单元的输入端并联,所述逆变单元的输出端用于连接电网或负载;
    所述控制器用于在所述母线电容的纹波电流幅值大于第一阈值时,控制所述M个直流变换单元中的N个直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流,以减小所述母线电容的纹波电流幅值,其中,所述M为大于或等于2的整数,所述N为小于所述M且大于或等于1的整数。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的功率变换系统,其特征在于,所述控制器用于:
    在所述逆变单元的输出电流或者所述M个直流变换单元的输入电流之和大于第二阈值时,确定所述母线电容的纹波电流幅值大于所述第一阈值。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的功率变换系统,其特征在于,所述控制器用于:
    在所述母线电容的纹波电流幅值大于所述第一阈值时,控制所述M个直流变换单元中的所述N个直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流,输出与所述母线电容的纹波电流方向相反的电流,以通过电流叠加抵消作用减小所述母线电容的纹波电流幅值。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的功率变换系统,其特征在于,所述控制器用于:
    生成输出电流控制信号,基于所述输出电流控制信号控制所述N个直流变换单元工作,以调节所述N个直流变换单元的输出电流;
    或者,生成输入电流控制信号,基于所述输入电流控制信号控制所述N个直流变换单元工作,以调节所述N个直流变换单元的输入电流。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的功率变换系统,其特征在于,所述控制器用于:
    基于所述母线电容的电容电流获得第一输出电流基准,并基于所述第一输出电流基准和所述N个直流变换单元的输出电流采样值生成所述输出电流控制信号;
    或者,基于所述母线电容的电容电流获得第一输入电流基准,并基于所述第一输入电流基准和所述N个直流变换单元的输入电流采样值生成所述输入电流控制信号。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的功率变换系统,其特征在于,所述控制器用于:
    基于所述电容电流获得所述电容电流的包络线,并基于所述电容电流的包络线获得所述第一输出电流基准或所述第一输入电流基准;
    或者,基于所述电容电流获得所述电容电流的低频分量,并基于所述电容电流的低频分量获得所述第一输出电流基准或所述第一输入电流基准。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的功率变换系统,其特征在于,所述控制器用于:
    基于所述逆变单元的输出电流,获得第二输出电流基准,并基于所述第二输出电流基准和所述N个直流变换单元的输出电流采样值生成所述输出电流控制信号;
    或者,基于所述逆变单元的输出电流,获得第二输入电流基准,并基于所述第二输入电流基准和所述N个直流变换单元的输入电流采样值生成所述输入电流控制信号。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的功率变换系统,其特征在于,所述控制器用于:
    基于所述逆变单元的输出电流,获得所述逆变单元的输出电流中三相电流之和的包络线,并基于所述三相电流之和的包络线获得所述第二输出电流基准或所述第二输入电流基准;
    或者,基于所述逆变单元的输出电流,获得所述逆变单元的输出电流中三相电流之和的低频分量,并基于所述三相电流之和的低频分量获得所述第二输出电流基准或所述第二输入电流基准。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的功率变换系统,其特征在于,所述控制器用于:
    在所述母线电容的纹波电流幅值大于第三阈值时,控制所述M个直流变换单元中的K个直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流,以减小所述母线电容的纹波电流幅值,所述第三阈值大于或等于所述第一阈值,所述K为小于所述M的整数。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的功率变换系统,其特征在于,所述控制器还用于:
    在控制所述K个直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流以减小所述母线电容的纹波电流幅值,且所述母线电容的纹波电流幅值大于第四阈值时,控制所述M个直流变换单元中除所述K个直流变换单元之外的T个其他直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流,以减小所述母线电容的纹波电流幅值,所述第四阈值大于或等于所述第三阈值,其中,所述K与所述T的和小于所述M,所述T为大于或等于1的整数。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的功率变换系统,其特征在于,所述控制器还用于:
    在控制所述T个其他直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流以减小所述母线电容的纹波电流幅值,且所述母线电容的纹波电流幅值小于所述第四阈值时,基于参考控制信号控制所述T个其他直流变换单元工作,以调节所述T个其他直流变换单元的输入电流/输入电压,所述参考控制信号基于预设电流基准或预设电压基准得到。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的功率变换系统,其特征在于,所述控制器还用于:
    在控制所述K个直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流以减小所述母线电容的纹波电流幅值,且所述母线电容的纹波电流幅值小于所述第三阈值时,基于所述参考控制信号控制所述K个直流变换单元中的一个或多个直流变换单元工作,以调节所述一个或多个直流变换单元的输入电流/输入电压。
  13. 一种功率变换系统的纹波电流抑制方法,其特征在于,所述方法应用于功率变换系统中的控制器,所述功率变换系统还包括M个直流变换单元、母线电容和逆变单元,所述M个直流变换单元中每个直流变换单元的输入端分别连接一个直流电源,所述M个直流变换单元的输出端并联后连接所述逆变单元的输入端,所述母线电容与所述逆变单元的输入端并联,所述逆变单元的输出端用于连接电网或负载;所述方法包括:
    在所述母线电容的纹波电流幅值大于第一阈值时,控制所述M个直流变换单元中的N个直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流,以减小所述母线电容的纹波电流幅值,其中,所述M为大于或等于2的整数,所述N为小于所述M且大于或等于1的整数。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括:
    在所述逆变单元的输出电流或者所述M个直流变换单元的输入电流之和大于第二阈值时,确定所述母线电容的纹波电流幅值大于所述第一阈值。
  15. 根据权利要求13或14所述的方法,其特征在于,所述在所述母线电容的纹波电流幅值大于第一阈值时,控制所述M个直流变换单元中的N个直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流,以减小所述母线电容的纹波电流幅值,包括:
    在所述母线电容的纹波电流幅值大于所述第一阈值时,控制所述M个直流变换单元中的所述N个直流变换单元调节输出电流/输入电流,输出与所述母线电容的纹波电流方向相反的电流,以通过电流叠加抵消作用减小所述母线电容的纹波电流幅值。
  16. 根据权利要求13-15任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述控制所述M个直流变换单元中的N个直流变换单元调节输出电流,包括:
    生成输出电流控制信号,基于所述输出电流控制信号控制所述N个直流变换单元工作,以调节所述N个直流变换单元的输出电流;
    或者,所述控制所述M个直流变换单元中的N个直流变换单元调节输入电流,包括:
    生成输入电流控制信号,基于所述输入电流控制信号控制所述N个直流变换单元工作,以调节所述N个直流变换单元的输入电流。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于,所述生成输出电流控制信号,包括:
    基于所述母线电容的电容电流获得第一输出电流基准,并基于所述第一输出电流基准和所述N个直流变换单元的输出电流采样值生成所述输出电流控制信号;
    或者,所述生成输入电流控制信号,包括:
    基于所述母线电容的电容电流获得第一输入电流基准,并基于所述第一输入电流基准和所述N个直流变换单元的输入电流采样值生成所述输入电流控制信号。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,所述基于所述母线电容的电容电流获得第一输出电流基准,包括:
    基于所述电容电流获得所述电容电流的包络线,并基于所述电容电流的包络线获得所述第一输出电流基准;
    或者,基于所述电容电流获得所述电容电流的低频分量,并基于所述电容电流的低频分量获得所述第一输出电流基准。
  19. 根据权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于,所述生成输出电流控制信号,包括:
    基于所述逆变单元的输出电流,获得第二输出电流基准,并基于所述第二输出电流基准和所述N个直流变换单元的输出电流采样值生成所述输出电流控制信号;
    或者,所述生成输入电流控制信号,包括:
    基于所述逆变单元的输出电流,获得第二输入电流基准,并基于所述第二输入电流基准和所述N个直流变换单元的输入电流采样值生成所述输入电流控制信号。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的方法,其特征在于,所述基于所述逆变单元的输出电流,获得第二输出电流基准,包括:
    基于所述逆变单元的输出电流,获得所述逆变单元的输出电流中三相电流之和的包络线,并基于所述三相电流之和的包络线获得所述第二输出电流基准;
    或者,基于所述逆变单元的输出电流,获得所述逆变单元的输出电流中三相电流之和的低频分量,并基于所述三相电流之和的低频分量获得所述第二输出电流基准。
PCT/CN2023/105306 2022-10-18 2023-06-30 功率变换系统及其纹波电流抑制方法 WO2024082715A1 (zh)

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