WO2024079890A1 - 切削工具 - Google Patents

切削工具 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024079890A1
WO2024079890A1 PCT/JP2022/038392 JP2022038392W WO2024079890A1 WO 2024079890 A1 WO2024079890 A1 WO 2024079890A1 JP 2022038392 W JP2022038392 W JP 2022038392W WO 2024079890 A1 WO2024079890 A1 WO 2024079890A1
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Prior art keywords
layer
unit
unit layer
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PCT/JP2022/038392
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
治世 福井
望 月原
アノンサック パサート
敏広 田畑
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Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd
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Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd
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Application filed by Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd filed Critical Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd
Priority to JP2023519338A priority Critical patent/JP7420317B1/ja
Priority to US18/039,969 priority patent/US12005510B2/en
Priority to CN202280086350.7A priority patent/CN118475425A/zh
Priority to PCT/JP2022/038392 priority patent/WO2024079890A1/ja
Priority to EP22962107.3A priority patent/EP4434656B1/en
Publication of WO2024079890A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024079890A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/148—Composition of the cutting inserts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/0641—Nitrides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/0664—Carbonitrides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
    • C23C14/32—Vacuum evaporation by explosion; by evaporation and subsequent ionisation of the vapours, e.g. ion-plating
    • C23C14/325—Electric arc evaporation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
    • C23C28/042—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material including a refractory ceramic layer, e.g. refractory metal oxides, ZrO2, rare earth oxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
    • C23C28/044—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material coatings specially adapted for cutting tools or wear applications
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/40—Coatings including alternating layers following a pattern, a periodic or defined repetition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/40—Coatings including alternating layers following a pattern, a periodic or defined repetition
    • C23C28/42—Coatings including alternating layers following a pattern, a periodic or defined repetition characterized by the composition of the alternating layers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/40—Coatings including alternating layers following a pattern, a periodic or defined repetition
    • C23C28/44—Coatings including alternating layers following a pattern, a periodic or defined repetition characterized by a measurable physical property of the alternating layer or system, e.g. thickness, density, hardness
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
    • C23C30/005—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process on hard metal substrates

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to cutting tools.
  • Patent Document 1 Traditionally, cutting tools that have a substrate and a coating disposed on the substrate have been used for cutting (Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2).
  • JP 2017-64845 A Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-300105
  • a cutting tool includes: 1.
  • a cutting tool comprising a substrate and a coating disposed on the substrate, The coating comprises a first layer, The first layer is composed of alternating layers in which first unit layers and second unit layers are alternately laminated, The first unit layer is made of Al a Cr 1-a-b Ce b N, The a is more than 0.400 and not more than 0.800, The b is 0.001 or more and 0.100 or less, the second unit layer is made of Al c V 1-c N; The c is 0.40 or more and 0.75 or less, The cutting tool is such that a and c satisfy the relationship of a>c.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view of an example of a cutting tool according to a first embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view of an example of the cutting tool according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view of an example of the cutting tool according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view of an example of the cutting tool according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining an example of the ratio of the thickness of the first unit layer to the thickness of the second unit layer.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view of an example of a cutting tool according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view of an example of a cutting tool according to a first embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view of an example of the cutting tool according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic enlarged cross-sectional
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view of an example of a cutting tool according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view of an example of a cutting tool according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view of an example of a cutting tool according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining an example of the ratio of the thickness of the first unit layer to the thickness of the third unit layer.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cathodic arc ion plating apparatus used in the examples.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic top view of the cathodic arc ion plating apparatus shown in FIG.
  • Cutting plays a central role in manufacturing technology, and there is a constant demand for technological evolution and further sophistication.
  • cutting technology there is a fundamental demand for high speed, high efficiency, and high precision.
  • a recent trend is that work materials are becoming more difficult to cut, and there is a demand for measures to address this.
  • SDGs Stustainable Development Goals
  • Sustainable development means building a social infrastructure that does not impair the resources needed by future generations and can withstand natural threats. Improvements in cutting technology are expected to reduce the environmental load, such as reducing power consumption during product manufacturing by reducing the number of processes and reducing waste associated with cutting.
  • the development of coated tool materials that have high high-temperature hardness and combine hardness and toughness has been pursued.
  • Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 a nitride or carbonitride film mainly composed of Ti and Al has been applied to the substrate surface.
  • Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 dry machining without cutting oil is required, cutting speeds are becoming faster to improve machining efficiency, and work materials are becoming more diverse, with the cutting of heat-resistant alloys and titanium alloys, which are called difficult-to-cut materials, increasing especially in the fields of aircraft and medicine.
  • the cutting edge temperature of cutting tools during cutting tends to become high. If the cutting edge temperature becomes high, the life of the cutting tool will be extremely shortened. Therefore, there is a demand for cutting tools that can exhibit excellent tool life even under such harsh cutting conditions.
  • a cutting tool is a cutting tool including a substrate and a coating disposed on the substrate,
  • the coating comprises a first layer,
  • the first layer is composed of alternating layers in which first unit layers and second unit layers are alternately laminated,
  • the first unit layer is made of Al a Cr 1-a-b Ce b N,
  • the a is more than 0.400 and not more than 0.800,
  • the b is 0.001 or more and 0.100 or less
  • the second unit layer is made of Al c V 1-c N;
  • the c is 0.40 or more and 0.75 or less
  • the cutting tool has a relationship of a>c, where a and c satisfy the relationship a>c.
  • This disclosure makes it possible to provide cutting tools that have a long tool life, especially in cutting processes that are performed under conditions of high cutting edge temperatures.
  • the ratio ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 2 of the thickness ⁇ 1 of the first unit layer to the thickness ⁇ 2 of the second unit layer in the first unit layer and the second unit layer adjacent to the first unit layer may be 1.0 or more and 5.0 or less. This allows the cutting tool to have a longer tool life.
  • the average thickness of the first unit layer is 0.002 ⁇ m or more and 0.2 ⁇ m or less
  • the second unit layer may have an average thickness of 0.002 ⁇ m or more and 0.2 ⁇ m or less. This allows the cutting tool to have a longer tool life.
  • the coating further includes a second layer disposed between the substrate and the first layer,
  • the composition of the second layer may be the same as the composition of the first unit layer or the composition of the second unit layer. This allows the cutting tool to have a longer tool life.
  • the composition of the second layer is the same as the composition of the first unit layer,
  • the second layer may have a thickness greater than that of the first unit layer. This allows the cutting tool to have a longer tool life.
  • the composition of the second layer is the same as the composition of the second unit layer,
  • the second layer may have a thickness greater than a thickness of the second unit layer. This allows the cutting tool to have a longer tool life.
  • the coating further includes a third layer provided on a side of the first layer opposite the substrate,
  • the third layer may be made of AlCrCeCN. This allows the cutting tool to have a longer tool life.
  • a cutting tool is a cutting tool including a substrate and a coating disposed on the substrate,
  • the coating comprises a first A layer,
  • the first A layer is composed of alternating layers in which first unit layers and third unit layers are alternately laminated,
  • the first unit layer is made of Al a Cr 1-a-b Ce b N, The a is more than 0.400 and not more than 0.800,
  • the b is 0.001 or more and 0.100 or less
  • the third unit layer is made of Al d V 1-de Me N, M is silicon or boron;
  • the d is 0.40 or more and 0.75 or less,
  • the e is greater than 0 and not greater than 0.05,
  • the cutting tool is such that a and d satisfy the relationship of a>d.
  • This disclosure makes it possible to provide cutting tools that have a long tool life, especially in cutting processes performed under conditions of high cutting edge temperatures.
  • a ratio ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 3 of the thickness ⁇ 1 of the first unit layer to the thickness ⁇ 3 of the third unit layer may be 1.0 or more and 5.0 or less. This allows the cutting tool to have a longer tool life.
  • the M may be silicon. This allows the cutting tool to have a longer tool life.
  • the M may be boron. This allows the cutting tool to have a longer tool life.
  • the average thickness of the first unit layer is 0.002 ⁇ m or more and 0.2 ⁇ m or less
  • the third unit layer may have an average thickness of 0.002 ⁇ m or more and 0.2 ⁇ m or less. This allows the cutting tool to have a longer tool life.
  • the coating further includes a second layer disposed between the substrate and the first A layer,
  • the composition of the second layer may be the same as the composition of the first unit layer or the composition of the third unit layer. This allows the cutting tool to have a longer tool life.
  • the composition of the second layer is the same as the composition of the first unit layer,
  • the second layer may have a thickness greater than that of the first unit layer. This allows the cutting tool to have a longer tool life.
  • the composition of the second layer is the same as the composition of the third unit layer,
  • the second layer may have a thickness greater than a thickness of the third unit layer. This allows the cutting tool to have a longer tool life.
  • the coating further includes a third layer provided on the side of the first A layer opposite to the substrate,
  • the third layer may be made of AlCrCeCN. This allows the cutting tool to have a longer tool life.
  • notations in the format "A ⁇ B" refer to the upper and lower limits of a range (i.e., greater than or equal to A and less than or equal to B). If no unit is stated for A and only a unit is stated for B, the units of A and B are the same.
  • any one numerical value listed as the lower limit and any one numerical value listed as the upper limit is also considered to be disclosed.
  • a1 or more, b1 or more, and c1 or more are listed as the lower limit and a2 or less, b2 or less, and c2 or less are listed as the upper limit, a1 or more and a2 or less, a1 or more and b2 or less, a1 or more and c2 or less, b1 or more and a2 or less, b1 or more and b2 or less, b1 or more and c2 or less, c1 or more and a2 or less, c1 or more and b2 or less, and c1 or more and c2 or less are considered to be disclosed.
  • FIG. A cutting tool 1 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure includes: A cutting tool 1 comprising a substrate 2 and a coating 3 disposed on the substrate 2, The coating 3 includes a first layer 13, The first layer 13 is composed of alternating layers in which first unit layers 12 and second unit layers 15 are alternately laminated, The first unit layer 12 is made of Al a Cr 1-a-b Ce b N, a is more than 0.400 and not more than 0.800; The b is 0.001 or more and 0.100 or less, The second unit layer 15 is made of Al c V 1-c N, The c is 0.40 or more and 0.75 or less, The a and the c are cutting tools 1 that satisfy the relationship a>c.
  • the cutting tool 1 of the first embodiment has a long tool life, especially in cutting operations performed under conditions of high cutting edge temperatures. The reasons for this are presumed to be as follows.
  • the first unit layer 12 is made of a nitride containing Al, Cr, and Ce. Since Al is easily oxidized, a dense oxide layer made of Al 2 O 3 is easily formed on the surface side of the coating 3 of the first unit layer 12. Furthermore, since Ce has a smaller standard energy of oxide formation than Al, it is more easily oxidized than Al, and a dense oxide layer made of CeO 2 is easily formed on the surface side of the coating 3 of the first unit layer 12. These oxide layers improve the oxidation resistance of the coating 3, suppress reactivity with the workpiece, and reduce the friction coefficient with the workpiece. Therefore, the cutting tool 1 including the coating 3 can achieve a long life under harsh machining conditions where the cutting edge temperature is likely to increase, such as dry machining and machining of difficult-to-cut materials.
  • the lattice constant of CeN is 5.01 ⁇ , which is larger than the lattice constant of CrN, 4.15 ⁇ , and the lattice constant of AlN, 4.12 ⁇ .
  • strain is introduced into the first unit layer 12 made of Al a Cr 1-a-b Ce b N to which Ce has been added and which has been cubic crystallized, improving the hardness and wear resistance of the first unit layer 12 and lengthening the life of the cutting tool 1 including the first unit layer 12.
  • the second unit layer 15 is made of a nitride containing Al and V.
  • a layer containing Al, V and N has an excellent balance of heat insulation resistance, oxidation resistance and toughness. Therefore, the second unit layer can contribute to extending the life of the surface-coated cutting tool.
  • AlCrCeN layer When comparing a layer made of nitrides containing Al, Cr and Ce (hereinafter also referred to as "AlCrCeN layer”) with a layer made of nitrides containing Al and V (hereinafter also referred to as "AlVN layer”), the AlCrCeN layer is less susceptible to spinodal decomposition at high temperatures. When spinodal decomposition occurs, soft hexagonal AlN precipitates and hardness decreases.
  • the AlCrCeN layer has the characteristics of suppressing hardness decrease even at high temperatures, having large compressive residual stress, and excellent chipping resistance.
  • the AlVN layer has the characteristics of small compressive residual stress and high thermal insulation.
  • the AlVN layer is oxidized during cutting, and V 2 O 5 , an oxide of V, is generated. Since the melting point of V 2 O 5 is 690°C, it softens at the temperature during cutting processing, functions as a lubricant, and can reduce the friction coefficient on the tool rake face. Since the first layer 13 is composed of alternating layers in which the first unit layers 12 composed of AlCrCeN layers and the second unit layers 15 composed of AlVN layers are alternately laminated, it is possible to have the high hardness characteristic of the first unit layers 12 and the high thermal barrier characteristic of the second unit layers 15. The characteristic of the second unit layers 15, that is, the small compressive residual stress, is complemented by the large compressive residual stress of the first unit layers 12. Therefore, the first layer 13 as a whole has well-balanced improvements in hardness, thermal barrier characteristic, and compressive residual stress, and the life of the cutting tool 1 including the first layer 13 is extended.
  • the first layer 13 is made up of alternating layers in which the first unit layers 12 and the second unit layers 15 are alternately stacked.
  • the composition and crystal lattice are discontinuous at the interface between the first unit layers 12 and the second unit layers 15. Therefore, if a crack occurs on the surface of the coating 3 during cutting, the progression of the crack can be suppressed at the interface. This suppresses chipping and damage, and extends the life of the cutting tool 1.
  • the first unit layer 12 is made of Al a Cr 1-a-b Ce b N
  • the second unit layer 15 is made of Al c V 1-c N
  • a and c satisfy the relationship a>c.
  • the first unit layer 12 tends to have a higher Al content than the second unit layer 15.
  • the Al content in the entire first layer 13 can be increased.
  • the heat barrier property and oxidation resistance of the first layer 13 can be improved, and the life of the cutting tool 1 including the first layer 13 is extended.
  • a cutting tool 1 includes a substrate 2 and a coating 3 disposed on the substrate 2.
  • the coating 3 may cover the entire surface of the substrate 2.
  • the coating 3 may cover at least a part of the substrate 2 involved in cutting.
  • the part of the substrate 2 involved in cutting means, depending on the size and shape of the substrate 2, a region of the substrate 2 surrounded by a cutting edge ridge and a virtual surface whose distance from the cutting edge ridge to the substrate 2 along a perpendicular line to the tangent line of the cutting edge ridge is, for example, 5 mm, 3 mm, 2 mm, 1 mm, or 0.5 mm.
  • the cutting tool 1 of this embodiment can be suitably used as a cutting tool 1 such as a drill, an end mill, an indexable cutting tip for a drill, an indexable cutting tip for an end mill, an indexable cutting tip for milling, an indexable cutting tip for turning, a metal saw, a gear cutting tool, a reamer, and a tap.
  • a cutting tool 1 such as a drill, an end mill, an indexable cutting tip for a drill, an indexable cutting tip for an end mill, an indexable cutting tip for milling, an indexable cutting tip for turning, a metal saw, a gear cutting tool, a reamer, and a tap.
  • the substrate 2 may be made of any of cemented carbide (WC-based cemented carbide, cemented carbide containing WC and Co, cemented carbide containing carbonitrides of Ti, Ta, Nb, etc., added to WC and Co), cermet (mainly composed of TiC, TiN, TiCN, etc.), high-speed steel, ceramics (titanium carbide, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, aluminum oxide, etc.), cubic boron nitride sintered body, and diamond sintered body.
  • cemented carbide WC-based cemented carbide, cemented carbide containing WC and Co, cemented carbide containing carbonitrides of Ti, Ta, Nb, etc., added to WC and Co
  • cermet mainly composed of TiC, TiN, TiCN, etc.
  • high-speed steel high-speed steel
  • ceramics titanium carbide, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, aluminum oxide, etc.
  • the substrate 2 may be, in particular, a WC-based cemented carbide or a cermet (particularly a TiCN-based cermet).
  • WC-based cemented carbide or a cermet has an excellent balance of hardness and strength, particularly at high temperatures, and therefore, when used as the substrate 2 of the cutting tool 1, can contribute to extending the life of the cutting tool 1.
  • the coating 3 of the first embodiment includes a first layer 13. By covering the substrate 2, the coating 3 has the effect of improving various properties of the cutting tool 1, such as wear resistance and chipping resistance, and thereby extending the life of the cutting tool 1.
  • the coating 3 may include other layers in addition to the first layer 13. As shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the other layers include a second layer 16 disposed between the substrate 2 and the first layer 13, and a third layer 14 provided on the side of the first layer 13 opposite the substrate 2.
  • the coating 3 may have a total thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 15 ⁇ m or less.
  • the total thickness of the coating 3 is 0.5 ⁇ m or more, the effect of extending the life of the cutting tool 1 by providing the coating 3 is easily obtained.
  • the total thickness of the coating 3 is 15 ⁇ m or less, chipping in the coating 3 is unlikely to occur in the initial cutting stage, and the life of the cutting tool 1 can be extended.
  • the total thickness of the coating 3 can be measured by observing a cross section of the coating 3 using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). A specific measurement method is as follows. The cutting tool 1 is cut in a direction along the normal line of the coating 3 to prepare a cross section sample. The cross section sample is observed with the SEM.
  • the observation magnification is 5000 to 10000 times, and the measurement field of view is 100 to 500 ⁇ m 2.
  • the thickness width of three points of the coating 3 is measured, and the average value of the thickness widths of the three points is calculated.
  • the average value corresponds to the thickness of the coating 3.
  • the thickness of each layer described below is also measured in the same manner unless otherwise specified.
  • the compressive residual stress of the coating 3 may have an absolute value of 6 GPa or less.
  • the compressive residual stress of the coating 3 is a type of internal stress (intrinsic strain) that exists throughout the coating 3, and is a stress expressed as a "-" (negative) numerical value (unit: "GPa” is used in this embodiment). Therefore, the concept of a large compressive residual stress indicates that the absolute value of the numerical value is large, and the concept of a small compressive residual stress indicates that the absolute value of the numerical value is small.
  • the absolute value of the compressive residual stress being 6 GPa or less means that the compressive residual stress of the coating 3 is -6 GPa or more and 0 GPa or less.
  • the compressive residual stress of the coating 3 is 0 GPa or less, it is easy to suppress the progression of cracks that occur from the outermost surface of the coating 3.
  • the absolute value of the compressive residual stress is 6 GPa or less, the magnitude of the stress is appropriate, and it is easy to suppress peeling of the coating 3 from the edge of the cutting tool 1 before cutting begins.
  • the compressive residual stress of the coating 3 is measured by the sin2 ⁇ method using an X-ray residual stress device (see pages 54-66 of "X-ray Stress Measurement Method” (Japan Society for Materials Science, published by Yokendo Co., Ltd. in 1981)).
  • the crystal structure of the coating 3 may be cubic. If the crystal structure of the coating 3 is cubic, the hardness of the coating 3 is improved.
  • the crystal structure of each layer in the coating 3 may be cubic.
  • the crystal structures of the coating 3 and each layer in the coating 3 can be analyzed by an X-ray diffraction device known in the art.
  • the hardness of the coating 3 is most effective when it is between 30 GPa and 55 GPa, and may be between 35 GPa and 50 GPa. This means that the coating 3 has sufficient hardness.
  • the hardness of the entire coating 3 is measured by a nanoindenter method (Nano Indenter XP manufactured by MTS). Specifically, this is performed using a method conforming to ISO14577, with a measurement load of 10 mN (1 gf), the hardness is measured at three points on the surface of the coating 3, and the average value of the hardness at the three points is calculated. This average value corresponds to the hardness of the coating 3.
  • the first layer 13 in this embodiment is composed of alternating layers in which the first unit layers 12 and the second unit layers 15 are alternately stacked.
  • the fact that the first layer 13 is composed of alternating layers in which the first unit layers 12 and the second unit layers 15 are alternately stacked can be confirmed by observing a thin sample including a cross section of the coating 3 with a TEM (transmission electron microscope) and observing the difference in contrast.
  • Either of the first unit layer 12 and the second unit layer 15 may be disposed at a position closest to the substrate 2.
  • the first unit layer 12 is disposed directly on the substrate 2, which is the position closest to the substrate 2.
  • the second unit layer 15 is disposed directly on the substrate 2, which is the position closest to the substrate 2.
  • Either of the first unit layer 12 and the second unit layer 15 may be disposed on the surface side of the coating 3.
  • the second unit layer 15 is disposed on the surface side of the coating 3.
  • the first unit layer 12 is disposed on the surface side of the coating 3.
  • the thickness of the first layer 13 may be 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 15 ⁇ m or less. When the thickness of the first layer 13 is 0.5 ⁇ m or more, it can exhibit excellent wear resistance in continuous processing. When the thickness of the first layer 13 is 15 ⁇ m or less, it can exhibit excellent chipping resistance in intermittent cutting.
  • the thickness of the first layer 13 is measured by observing and measuring the cross section of the coating 3 using a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
  • the specific measurement method is as follows.
  • the cutting tool 1 is cut in a direction along the normal to the coating 3 to prepare a thin sample including the cross section of the coating 3.
  • the thin sample is observed with the TEM.
  • the observation magnification is 20,000 to 500 times, and the measurement field of view is 0.0016 to 80 ⁇ m2.
  • the thickness width is measured at three points on the first layer 13, and the average value of the thickness widths at the three points is calculated. The average value corresponds to the thickness of the first layer 13.
  • the first unit layer 12 is made of Al a Cr 1-a-b Ce b N, where a is more than 0.400 and 0.800 or less, and b is 0.001 or more and 0.100 or less.
  • the first unit layer 12 can improve the oxidation resistance and wear resistance of the coating 3.
  • the lower limit of a is 0.450 or more, which is highly effective, 0.500 or more, which is more effective, and 0.550 or more, which is even more effective.
  • the upper limit of a is 0.770 or less, which is highly effective, 0.750 or less, which is even more effective, and 0.700 or less, which is even more effective.
  • the lower limit of b is 0.005 or more, which is highly effective, 0.010 or more, which is even more effective, and 0.015 or more, which is even more effective.
  • the upper limit of b is 0.070 or less, which is highly effective, 0.050 or less is even more effective, and 0.030 or less is even more effective.
  • the upper limit of b is 0.005 to 0.070, which is highly effective, 0.010 to 0.050 is even more effective, and 0.015 to 0.030 is even more effective.
  • the first unit layer is made of Al a Cr 1-a-b Ce b N
  • the first unit layer 12 can contain inevitable impurities in addition to Al a Cr 1-a-b Ce b N, as long as the effects of the present disclosure are not impaired.
  • inevitable impurities include oxygen and carbon.
  • the total content of inevitable impurities in the first unit layer 12 may be greater than 0 atomic % and less than 1 atomic %.
  • “atomic %” means the ratio (%) of the number of atoms to the total number of atoms constituting the layer.
  • the second unit layer 15 is made of Al c V 1-c N, and c is 0.40 or more and 0.75 or less.
  • the second unit layer 15 can improve the heat barrier property, oxidation resistance, and toughness of the coating 3.
  • a lower limit of c of 0.45 or more is highly effective, a lower limit of 0.50 or more is more effective, and a lower limit of 0.55 or more is even more effective.
  • a lower limit of c of 0.70 or less is highly effective, a lower limit of 0.65 or less is more effective, and a lower limit of 0.60 or less is even more effective.
  • a higher limit of c of 0.45 or more and 0.70 or less is highly effective, a higher limit of 0.50 or more and 0.65 or less is more effective, and a higher limit of 0.55 or more and 0.60 or less is even more effective.
  • the second unit layer is made of Al c V 1-c N
  • the second unit layer 15 may contain inevitable impurities in addition to Al c V 1-c N, as long as the effect of the present disclosure is not impaired.
  • the inevitable impurities include oxygen and carbon.
  • the total content of the inevitable impurities in the second unit layer 15 may be greater than 0 atomic % and less than 1 atomic %.
  • the above a, b, c, and the content of inevitable impurities in the first unit layer 12 and the content of inevitable impurities in the second unit layer 15 are measured by elemental analysis of the cross section of the coating 3 using a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
  • TEM transmission electron microscope
  • the specific measurement method is as follows.
  • the cutting tool 1 is cut in a direction along the normal line of the coating 3 to prepare a thin sample including a cross section of the coating 3.
  • An electron beam is irradiated onto the thin sample using an EDS (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) attached to the TEM, and the energy and number of characteristic X-rays generated at that time are measured to perform elemental analysis of the first unit layer 12 and the second unit layer 15.
  • EDS Electronicgy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy
  • the average composition of the five first unit layers 12 is determined. This average composition corresponds to the composition of the first unit layer 12.
  • the average composition of the five second unit layers 15 is determined. This average composition corresponds to the composition of the second unit layer 15. It has been confirmed that there is no variation in the measurement results even if the measurement location is arbitrarily selected, as long as the measurement is performed using the same cutting tool 1.
  • the ratio A N1 /A M1 of the number of N atoms A N1 to the total number A M1 of the atoms of Al, Cr and Ce is necessarily in the range of 0.8 to 1.2 in terms of manufacturing.
  • the ratio A N2 /A M2 of the number of N atoms A N2 to the total number A M2 of the atoms of Al and V is necessarily in the range of 0.8 to 1.2 in terms of manufacturing.
  • the ratios A N1 /A M1 and A N2 /A M2 can be measured by the Rutherford backscattering (RBS) method. It has been confirmed that the effect of the present disclosure is not impaired if the ratios A N1 /A M1 and A N2 /A M2 are within the above ranges.
  • the average thickness of the first unit layer 12 may be 0.002 ⁇ m or more and 0.2 ⁇ m or less, and the average thickness of the second unit layer 15 may be 0.002 ⁇ m or more and 0.2 ⁇ m or less. This can further suppress the progression of cracks generated on the surface of the coating 3.
  • the lower limit of the average thickness of the first unit layer 12 is highly effective when it is 0.002 ⁇ m or more, more effective when it is 0.005 ⁇ m or more, and even more effective when it is 0.01 ⁇ m or more.
  • the upper limit of the average thickness of the first unit layer 12 is highly effective when it is 0.20 ⁇ m or less, more effective when it is 0.15 ⁇ m or less, and even more effective when it is 0.10 ⁇ m or less.
  • the average thickness of the first unit layer 12 is more effective when it is 0.005 ⁇ m or more and 0.15 ⁇ m or less, and even more effective when it is 0.01 ⁇ m or more and 0.1 ⁇ m or less.
  • the lower limit of the average thickness of the second unit layer 15 is highly effective when it is 0.002 ⁇ m or more, more effective when it is 0.005 ⁇ m or more, and even more effective when it is 0.01 ⁇ m or more.
  • the upper limit of the average thickness of the second unit layer 15 is highly effective when it is 0.20 ⁇ m or less, more effective when it is 0.15 ⁇ m or less, and even more effective when it is 0.10 ⁇ m or less.
  • the average thickness of the second unit layer 15 is more effective when it is 0.005 ⁇ m or more and 0.15 ⁇ m or less, and even more effective when it is 0.01 ⁇ m or more and 0.10 ⁇ m or less.
  • the average thickness of the first unit layer 12 and the average thickness of the second unit layer 15 can be measured by a method similar to the method for measuring the thickness of the first layer 13 described above.
  • the ratio ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 2 of the thickness ⁇ 1 of the first unit layer 12 to the thickness ⁇ 2 of the second unit layer 15 may be 1.0 or more and 5.0 or less.
  • the first unit layer 12 has a low thermal conductivity and is less likely to transmit heat generated during cutting to the base material 2.
  • the ratio ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 2 is 1.0 or more, the proportion of the first unit layer 12 in the coating 3 increases relatively, and the amount of Al in the coating 3 increases, improving the heat insulation of the cutting tool 1 as a whole.
  • the cutting tool 1 having the coating 3 has improved wear resistance, especially during continuous cutting.
  • ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 2 When ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 2 is 1.0 or more, the toughness of the coating 3 tends to improve. On the other hand, when ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 2 is 5.0 or less, the effect of suppressing the progression of cracks by stacking the first unit layer 12 and the second unit layer 15 tends to be easily obtained.
  • ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 2 is highly effective when it is 1.0 or more, more effective when it is 1.5 or more, and even more effective when it is 2.0 or more.
  • ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 2 is highly effective when it is 5.0 or less, more effective when it is 4.0 or less, and even more effective when it is 3.0 or less.
  • ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 2 is highly effective when it is 1.0 or more and 5.0 or less, more effective when it is 1.5 or more and 4.0 or less, more effective when it is 1.0 or more and 3.0 or less, and even more effective when it is 2.0 or more and 3.0 or less.
  • the thicknesses of the three first unit layers 12 are all indicated as ⁇ 1
  • the thicknesses of the three second unit layers 15 are all indicated as ⁇ 2, but as long as the above ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 2 relationship is satisfied between the first unit layers and the second unit layers adjacent to each other, the thicknesses ⁇ 1 of the three first unit layers 12 do not need to be the same, and the thicknesses ⁇ 2 of the three second unit layers 15 do not need to be the same.
  • the number of layers of each of the first unit layers 12 and the second unit layers 15 may be 10 or more and 500 or less.
  • the effect of improving hardness and compressive residual stress in a well-balanced manner can be sufficiently obtained.
  • the number of layers of each of the first unit layers 12 and the second unit layers 15 in the first layer 13 can be determined by observing a thin sample of the cross section of the coating 3 using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) at a magnification of 20,000 to 5,000,000 times.
  • TEM transmission electron microscope
  • the coating 3 further includes a second layer 16 disposed between the substrate 2 and the first layer 13, and the composition of the second layer 16 may be the same as the composition of the first unit layer 12 or the composition of the second unit layer 15 (FIGS. 3 and 4). This can increase the adhesion between the substrate 2 and the coating 3.
  • composition of the second layer 16 is the same as the composition of the first unit layer 12, oxidation from the interface between the substrate 2 and the coating 3 can be suppressed even if the substrate 2 is exposed at the beginning of cutting.
  • the thickness of the second layer 16 may be thicker than that of the first unit layer 12. This can further increase the adhesion between the substrate 2 and the coating 3. Even if the substrate 2 is exposed at the beginning of cutting, oxidation from the interface between the substrate 2 and the coating 3 can be further suppressed.
  • the thickness of the second layer is thicker than that of the first unit layer can be rephrased as "The thickness of the second layer is more than 1.0 times the thickness of the first unit layer.”
  • the thickness of the second layer 16 is highly effective when it is 2.0 times or more the thickness of the first unit layer 12, more effective when it is 4.0 times or more, and even more effective when it is 10.0 times or more.
  • the thickness of the second layer 16 is highly effective when it is 500 times or less the thickness of the first unit layer 12, more effective when it is 120 times or less, and even more effective when it is 50 times or less.
  • the thickness of the second layer 16 is most effective when it is 2.0 times or more and 500 times or less than the thickness of the first unit layer 12, more effective when it is 4.0 times or more and 120 times or less, and even more effective when it is 10.0 times or more and 50 times or less.
  • the thickness of the second layer 16 may be 0.1 ⁇ m or more.
  • the thickness of the second layer 16 is less than 0.1 ⁇ m, it tends to be difficult to obtain the effect of suppressing oxidation from the interface between the substrate 2 and the coating 3, which is achieved by making the second layer 16 the same composition as the first unit layer 12.
  • the composition of the second layer 16 is the same as that of the first unit layer 12, it is more effective to have a thickness of 0.3 ⁇ m or more, and even more effective to have a thickness of 0.4 ⁇ m or more.
  • the thickness of the second layer 16 can be 2 ⁇ m or less.
  • the first unit layer 12 may be laminated directly on the second layer 16 as shown in FIG. 3. Also, as shown in FIG. 4, the second unit layer 15 may be laminated directly on the second layer 16.
  • the composition of the second layer 16 is the same as the composition of the first unit layer 12 and the first unit layer 12 is laminated directly on the second layer 16, the second layer 16 and the first unit layer 12 have a continuous crystal structure.
  • the second unit layer 15 tends to have a small stress, and this can improve the peeling resistance of the coating 3, particularly in intermittent machining such as milling and end milling, in which loads are repeatedly applied to the cutting edge.
  • the thickness of the second layer 16 may be thicker than that of the second unit layer 15. This can further improve the peel resistance of the coating 3, particularly in intermittent machining such as milling and end milling where loads are repeatedly applied to the cutting edge.
  • the thickness of the second layer is thicker than that of the second unit layer can be rephrased as "The thickness of the second layer is more than 1.0 times the thickness of the second unit layer.”
  • the thickness of the second layer 16 is highly effective when it is 2.0 times or more the thickness of the second unit layer 15, more effective when it is 4.0 times or more, and even more effective when it is 10.0 times or more.
  • the thickness of the second layer 16 is highly effective when it is 500 times or less the thickness of the second unit layer 15, more effective when it is 120 times or less, and even more effective when it is 50 times or less.
  • the thickness of the second layer 16 is most effective when it is 2.0 times or more and 500 times or less than the thickness of the second unit layer 15, more effective when it is 4.0 times or more and 120 times or less, and even more effective when it is 10.0 times or more and 50 times or less.
  • the composition of the second layer 16 When the composition of the second layer 16 is the same as that of the second unit layer 15, it is effective for the thickness of the second layer 16 to be 0.1 ⁇ m or more. When the thickness of the second layer 16 is less than 0.1 ⁇ m, it tends to be difficult to obtain the effect of improving peel resistance by making the second layer 16 have the same composition as the second unit layer 15. When the composition of the second layer 16 is the same as that of the second unit layer 15, it is more effective for the thickness of the second layer 16 to be 0.3 ⁇ m or more, and even more effective for the thickness of 0.4 ⁇ m or more. There is no particular upper limit for the thickness of the second layer 16, but if it exceeds 2 ⁇ m, the above-mentioned further improvement in peel resistance tends not to be observed. Therefore, when considering the cost aspect, it is effective for the thickness of the second layer 16 to be 2 ⁇ m or less.
  • the first unit layer 12 may be laminated directly on the second layer 16 as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the second unit layer 15 may be laminated directly on the second layer 16.
  • the composition of the second layer 16 is the same as the composition of the second unit layer 15, and the second unit layer 15 is laminated directly on the second layer 16, the second layer 16 and the second unit layer 15 have a continuous crystal structure.
  • the coating 3 further includes a third layer 14 provided on the side of the first layer 13 opposite the substrate 2, and the third layer 14 may be made of AlCrCeCN. This reduces the coefficient of friction of the coating 3, and can extend the life of the cutting tool 1.
  • carbonitrides tend to have a lower coefficient of friction with the work material than nitrides. This reduction in the coefficient of friction is believed to be due to the contribution of carbon atoms.
  • the coating 3 includes the third layer 14, the coefficient of friction of the coating 3 with the work material decreases, and the cutting tool 1 has a longer life.
  • the third layer 14 it is possible to impart a desired color by adjusting the composition ratio of N and C. This makes it possible to impart design and distinctiveness to the appearance of the cutting tool 1, making it commercially useful.
  • the ratio N2/N1 of the number of aluminum atoms N2 to the total number N1 of the atoms of aluminum, chromium, and cerium may be greater than 0.4 and equal to or less than 0.8. This further improves the tool life of the cutting tool 1.
  • the thickness of the third layer 14 is most effective when it is 0.1 ⁇ m or more.
  • the thickness of the third layer 14 is 0.1 ⁇ m or more, the lubricity imparting effect of the third layer 14 is easily obtained.
  • the thickness of the third layer 14 may be 2 ⁇ m or less.
  • the coating 3 may include an intermediate layer disposed between the second layer 16 and the first layer 13, or between the first layer 13 and the third layer 14.
  • the intermediate layer include TiAlCeN, AlCrN, AlCrBN, and AlCrSiN.
  • the thickness of the intermediate layer may be 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 2 ⁇ m or less, 0.3 ⁇ m or more and 1.5 ⁇ m or less, or 0.4 ⁇ m or more and 1.0 ⁇ m or less.
  • a cutting tool 1 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure includes: A cutting tool 1 comprising a substrate 2 and a coating 3 disposed on the substrate 2, The coating 3 includes a first A layer 13A, The first A layer 13A is composed of alternating layers in which first unit layers 12 and third unit layers 17 are alternately laminated,
  • the first unit layer 12 is made of Al a Cr 1-a-b Ce b N, a is more than 0.400 and not more than 0.800;
  • the b is 0.001 or more and 0.100 or less
  • the third unit layer 17 is made of Al d V 1-de Me N, M is silicon or boron;
  • the d is 0.40 or more and 0.75 or less,
  • the e is greater than 0 and equal to or less than 0.05
  • the cutting tool 1 is one in which a and d satisfy the relationship a>d.
  • the cutting tool 1 of the first embodiment has a long tool life, especially in cutting operations performed under conditions of high cutting edge temperatures. The reasons for this are presumed to be as follows.
  • the first unit layer 12 is made of a nitride containing Al, Cr, and Ce. Since Al is easily oxidized, a dense oxide layer made of Al 2 O 3 is easily formed on the surface side of the coating 3 of the first unit layer 12. Furthermore, since Ce has a smaller standard energy of oxide formation than Al, it is more easily oxidized than Al, and a dense oxide layer made of CeO 2 is easily formed on the surface side of the coating 3 of the first unit layer 12. These oxide layers improve the oxidation resistance of the coating 3, suppress reactivity with the workpiece, and reduce the friction coefficient with the workpiece. Therefore, the cutting tool 1 including the coating 3 can achieve a long life under harsh machining conditions where the cutting edge temperature is likely to increase, such as dry machining and machining of difficult-to-cut materials.
  • the lattice constant of CeN is 5.01 ⁇ , which is larger than the lattice constant of CrN, 4.15 ⁇ , and the lattice constant of AlN, 4.12 ⁇ .
  • strain is introduced into the first unit layer 12 made of Al a Cr 1-a-b Ce b N to which Ce has been added and which has been cubic crystallized, improving the hardness and wear resistance of the first unit layer 12 and lengthening the life of the cutting tool 1 including the first unit layer 12.
  • the third unit layer 15 is made of a nitride containing Al, V, and M (M is silicon or boron).
  • M is silicon or boron.
  • a layer containing Al, V, M, and N has an excellent balance of heat insulation resistance, oxidation resistance, and toughness. Therefore, the third unit layer can contribute to extending the life of the surface-coated cutting tool.
  • AlCrCeN layer When comparing a layer made of nitrides containing Al, Cr and Ce (hereinafter also referred to as "AlCrCeN layer”) with a layer made of nitrides containing Al, V and M (M is silicon or boron) (hereinafter also referred to as "AlVMN layer”), the AlCrCeN layer is less likely to undergo spinodal decomposition at high temperatures. When spinodal decomposition occurs, soft hexagonal AlN precipitates and hardness decreases.
  • the AlCrCeN layer has the characteristics of suppressing hardness decrease even at high temperatures, having large compressive residual stress, and excellent chipping resistance.
  • the AlVMN layer has the characteristics of small compressive residual stress and high thermal barrier.
  • the AlVMN layer is oxidized during cutting, and V 2 O 5 , an oxide of V, is generated. Since the melting point of V 2 O 5 is 690°C, it softens at the temperature during cutting processing, functions as a lubricant, and can reduce the friction coefficient on the tool rake face. Since the first A layer 13A is composed of alternating layers in which the first unit layers 12 composed of AlCrCeN layers and the third unit layers 17 composed of AlVMN layers are alternately laminated, it is possible to have the high hardness characteristic of the first unit layers 12 and the high thermal barrier characteristic of the third unit layers 17. The characteristic of the third unit layers 17 being small in compressive residual stress is complemented by the large compressive residual stress of the first unit layers 12. Therefore, the first A layer 13A as a whole has well-balanced improvements in hardness, thermal barrier characteristic, and compressive residual stress, and the life of the cutting tool 1 including the first A layer 13A is extended.
  • the first A layer 13A is made up of alternating layers in which the first unit layers 12 and the third unit layers 17 are alternately stacked.
  • the composition and crystal lattice are discontinuous at the interface between the first unit layers 12 and the third unit layers 17. Therefore, if a crack occurs on the surface of the coating 3 during cutting, the progression of the crack can be suppressed at the interface. This suppresses chipping and damage, and extends the life of the cutting tool 1.
  • the first unit layer 12 is made of Al a Cr 1-a-b Ce b N, and the third unit layer 17 is made of Al d V 1-d-e Me N, with a and d satisfying the relationship a>d.
  • the first unit layer 12 tends to have a higher Al content than the third unit layer 17.
  • the Al content in the entire first A layer 13A can be increased.
  • the heat barrier property and oxidation resistance of the first A layer 13A can be improved, and the life of the cutting tool 1 including the first A layer 13A is extended.
  • the cutting tool 1 of the second embodiment can have a configuration basically the same as that of the cutting tool 1 of the first embodiment, except for the configuration of the first A layer 13A and the second layer 16.
  • the "first A layer” and the “second layer” are described below.
  • the first A layer 13A of this embodiment is composed of alternating layers in which the first unit layers 12 and the third unit layers 17 are alternately laminated.
  • the fact that the first A layer 13A is composed of alternating layers in which the first unit layers 12 and the third unit layers 17 are alternately laminated can be confirmed by observing the cross section of the coating 3 with a TEM (transmission electron microscope) and observing the difference in contrast.
  • the thickness of the first A layer 13A can be configured to be the same as the thickness of the first layer 13 described in the first embodiment.
  • composition of the first unit layer and composition of the third unit layer can be the same as the composition Al a Cr 1-ab Ce b N of the first unit layer 12 of the first embodiment.
  • the third unit layer 17 is composed of Al d V 1-de Me N , where M is silicon or boron, d is 0.40 or more and 0.75 or less, and e is more than 0 and 0.05 or less.
  • the third unit layer 17 can have both excellent hardness and excellent oxidation resistance. The reason for this is presumed to be as follows.
  • the boron increases the hardness of the third unit layer 17, and the hardness of the entire coating 3 increases.
  • the boron oxide formed by the oxidation of the surface of the cutting tool 1 accompanying cutting densifies the Al oxide in the third unit layer 17, improving the oxidation resistance of the third unit layer 17.
  • the boron oxide since the boron oxide has a low melting point, it acts as a lubricant during cutting and can suppress adhesion of the workpiece.
  • the structure of the third unit layer 17 becomes finer, thereby improving the hardness and oxidation resistance of the third unit layer 17, and improving the hardness and oxidation resistance of the entire coating 3.
  • the above d is 0.40 or more and 0.75 or less. This makes the crystal structure of the third unit layer 17 cubic, and the third unit layer 17 becomes hard and the wear resistance of the third unit layer 17 improves.
  • the lower limit of d is 0.45 or more, which is highly effective, 0.50 or more is more effective, and 0.55 or more is even more effective.
  • the upper limit of d is 0.75 or less, which is highly effective, 0.70 or less is more effective, and 0.65 or less is even more effective.
  • the effect of d is 0.45 or more and 0.75 or less, which is highly effective, 0.50 or more and 0.70 or less, and 0.55 or more and 0.65 or less.
  • the above e is greater than 0 and less than 0.05. This makes it possible to improve the hardness and oxidation resistance of the first layer 13.
  • the lower limit of e is 0.002 or more, which is highly effective, 0.005 or more is more effective, and 0.01 or more is even more effective.
  • the e is highly effective when it is 0.04 or less, more effective when it is 0.03 or less, and even more effective when it is 0.02 or less.
  • the e is highly effective when it is 0.002 or more and 0.05 or less, more effective when it is 0.005 or more and 0.03 or less, and even more effective when it is 0.01 or more and 0.02 or less.
  • the third unit layer is made of Al d V 1-d-e Me e N
  • the third unit layer 17 may contain inevitable impurities in addition to Al d V 1-d-e Me e N, as long as the effects of the present disclosure are not impaired.
  • the inevitable impurities include oxygen and carbon.
  • the total content of the inevitable impurities in the third unit layer 17 may be greater than 0 atomic % and less than 1 atomic %.
  • the content of unavoidable impurities in d, e and the third unit layer 17 can be determined using the same method as in a. It has been confirmed that, as long as the measurements are performed using the same cutting tool 1, there is no variation in the measurement results even if the measurement points are arbitrarily selected.
  • the ratio A N1 /A M1 of the number of N atoms A N1 to the total number A M1 of the atoms of Al, Cr and Ce is necessarily in the range of 0.8 to 1.2 in terms of manufacturing.
  • the ratio A N3 /A M3 of the number of N atoms A N3 to the total number A M3 of the atoms of Al, V and M is necessarily in the range of 0.8 to 1.2 in terms of manufacturing.
  • the ratios A N1 /A M1 and A N3 /A M3 can be measured by the Rutherford backscattering (RBS) method. It has been confirmed that the effect of the present disclosure is not impaired if the ratios A N1 /A M1 and A N3 /A M3 are within the above ranges.
  • the average thickness of the first unit layer 12 may be 0.002 ⁇ m or more and 0.2 ⁇ m or less, and the average thickness of the third unit layer 17 may be 0.002 ⁇ m or more and 0.2 ⁇ m or less. This can further suppress the progression of cracks generated on the surface of the coating 3.
  • the lower limit of the average thickness of the first unit layer 12 is highly effective when it is 0.002 ⁇ m or more, more effective when it is 0.005 ⁇ m or more, and even more effective when it is 0.01 ⁇ m or more.
  • the upper limit of the average thickness of the first unit layer 12 is highly effective when it is 0.20 ⁇ m or less, more effective when it is 0.15 ⁇ m or less, and even more effective when it is 0.10 ⁇ m or less.
  • the average thickness of the first unit layer 12 is more effective when it is 0.005 ⁇ m or more and 0.15 ⁇ m or less, and even more effective when it is 0.01 ⁇ m or more and 0.1 ⁇ m or less.
  • the lower limit of the average thickness of the third unit layer 17 is highly effective when it is 0.002 ⁇ m or more, more effective when it is 0.005 ⁇ m or more, and even more effective when it is 0.01 ⁇ m or more.
  • the upper limit of the average thickness of the third unit layer 17 is highly effective when it is 0.20 ⁇ m or less, more effective when it is 0.15 ⁇ m or less, and even more effective when it is 0.10 ⁇ m or less.
  • the average thickness of the third unit layer 17 is more effective when it is 0.005 ⁇ m or more and 0.15 ⁇ m or less, and even more effective when it is 0.01 ⁇ m or more and 0.10 ⁇ m or less.
  • the average thickness of the first unit layer 12 and the average thickness of the third unit layer 17 can be determined by a method similar to the method for measuring the thickness of the first layer 13 described above.
  • the ratio ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 3 of the thickness ⁇ 1 of the first unit layer 12 to the thickness ⁇ 3 of the third unit layer 17 may be 1.0 or more and 5.0 or less.
  • the first unit layer 12 has a low thermal conductivity and is less likely to transmit heat generated during cutting to the base material 2.
  • the ratio ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 3 is 1.0 or more, the proportion of the first unit layer 12 in the coating 3 increases relatively, and the amount of Al in the coating 3 increases, improving the heat insulation of the cutting tool 1 as a whole.
  • the cutting tool 1 having the coating 3 has improved wear resistance, especially during continuous cutting.
  • ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 3 When ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 3 is 1.0 or more, the toughness of the coating 3 tends to improve. On the other hand, when ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 3 is 5.0 or less, the effect of suppressing the progression of cracks by stacking the first unit layer 12 and the third unit layer 17 tends to be easily obtained.
  • ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 3 is highly effective when it is 1.0 or more, more effective when it is 1.5 or more, and even more effective when it is 2.0 or more.
  • ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 3 is highly effective when it is 5.0 or less, more effective when it is 4.0 or less, and even more effective when it is 3.0 or less.
  • ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 3 is highly effective when it is 1.0 or more and 5.0 or less, more effective when it is 1.5 or more and 4.0 or less, more effective when it is 1.0 or more and 3.0 or less, and even more effective when it is 2.0 or more and 3.0 or less.
  • the thicknesses of the three first unit layers 12 are all indicated as ⁇ 1
  • the thicknesses of the three third unit layers 17 are all indicated as ⁇ 3, but as long as the above ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 3 relationship is satisfied between the first unit layers and the third unit layers adjacent to each other, the thicknesses ⁇ 1 of the three first unit layers 12 do not need to be the same, and the thicknesses ⁇ 3 of the three third unit layers 17 do not need to be the same.
  • the number of layers of each of the first unit layer 12 and the third unit layer 17 may be 10 or more and 500 or less. This tends to make it easier to achieve the effect of improving hardness and compressive residual stress in a well-balanced manner by stacking the first unit layer 12 and the third unit layer 17.
  • the number of layers of each of the first unit layer 12 and the third unit layer 17 can be determined by a method similar to the method for measuring the number of layers of each of the first unit layer 12 and the second unit layer 15 described in embodiment 1.
  • the coating 3 further includes a second layer 16 disposed between the substrate 2 and the first A layer 13A, and the composition of the second layer 16 may be the same as the composition of the first unit layer 12 or the composition of the third unit layer 17 (FIGS. 3 and 4). This can increase the adhesion between the substrate 2 and the coating 3.
  • composition of the second layer 16 is the same as the composition of the first unit layer 12, oxidation from the interface between the substrate 2 and the coating 3 can be suppressed even if the substrate 2 is exposed at the beginning of cutting.
  • the thickness of the second layer 16 may be thicker than that of the first unit layer 12. This can further increase the adhesion between the substrate 2 and the coating 3. Even if the substrate 2 is exposed at the beginning of cutting, oxidation from the interface between the substrate 2 and the coating 3 can be further suppressed.
  • the thickness of the second layer is thicker than that of the first unit layer can be rephrased as "The thickness of the second layer is more than 1.0 times the thickness of the first unit layer.”
  • the thickness of the second layer 16 is highly effective when it is 2.0 times or more the thickness of the first unit layer 12, more effective when it is 4.0 times or more, and even more effective when it is 10.0 times or more.
  • the thickness of the second layer 16 is highly effective when it is 500 times or less the thickness of the first unit layer 12, more effective when it is 120 times or less, and even more effective when it is 50 times or less.
  • the thickness of the second layer 16 is most effective when it is 2.0 times or more and 500 times or less than the thickness of the first unit layer 12, more effective when it is 4.0 times or more and 120 times or less, and even more effective when it is 10.0 times or more and 50 times or less.
  • the thickness of the second layer 16 may be 0.1 ⁇ m or more.
  • the thickness of the second layer 16 is less than 0.1 ⁇ m, it tends to be difficult to obtain the effect of suppressing oxidation from the interface between the substrate 2 and the coating 3, which is achieved by making the second layer 16 the same composition as the first unit layer 12.
  • the composition of the second layer 16 is the same as that of the first unit layer 12, it is more effective to have a thickness of 0.3 ⁇ m or more, and even more effective to have a thickness of 0.4 ⁇ m or more.
  • the thickness of the second layer 16 there is no particular upper limit to the thickness of the second layer 16, but if it exceeds 2 ⁇ m, the crystal grains will thicken and grain boundaries will occur, making it difficult to further improve the above-mentioned oxidation suppression effect. Therefore, when considering the cost aspect, it is effective to have a thickness of 2 ⁇ m or less for the second layer 16.
  • the first unit layer 12 may be laminated directly on the second layer 16, as shown in FIG. 8. Also, as shown in FIG. 9, the second unit layer 15 may be laminated directly on the second layer 16.
  • the composition of the second layer 16 is the same as the composition of the first unit layer 12 and the first unit layer 12 is laminated directly on the second layer 16, the second layer 16 and the first unit layer 12 have a continuous crystal structure.
  • the third unit layer 17 tends to have a small stress, and this can improve the peeling resistance of the coating 3, particularly in intermittent machining such as milling and end milling, in which loads are repeatedly applied to the cutting edge.
  • the thickness of the second layer 16 may be thicker than that of the third unit layer 17. This can further improve the peel resistance of the coating 3, particularly in intermittent machining such as milling and end milling in which a load is repeatedly applied to the cutting edge.
  • the thickness of the second layer is thicker than that of the third unit layer can be rephrased as "The thickness of the second layer is more than 1.0 times the thickness of the third unit layer.”
  • the thickness of the second layer 16 is highly effective when it is 2.0 times or more the thickness of the third unit layer 17, more effective when it is 4.0 times or more, and even more effective when it is 10.0 times or more.
  • the thickness of the second layer 16 is highly effective when it is 500 times or less the thickness of the third unit layer 17, more effective when it is 120 times or less, and even more effective when it is 50 times or less.
  • the thickness of the second layer 16 is most effective when it is 2.0 times or more and 500 times or less than the thickness of the third unit layer 17, more effective when it is 4.0 times or more and 120 times or less, and even more effective when it is 10.0 times or more and 50 times or less.
  • the composition of the second layer 16 When the composition of the second layer 16 is the same as that of the third unit layer 17, it is effective for the thickness of the second layer 16 to be 0.1 ⁇ m or more. When the thickness of the second layer 16 is less than 0.1 ⁇ m, it tends to be difficult to obtain the effect of improving peel resistance by making the second layer 16 have the same composition as the third unit layer 17. When the composition of the second layer 16 is the same as that of the third unit layer 17, it is more effective for the thickness of the second layer 16 to be 0.3 ⁇ m or more, and even more effective for the thickness of 0.4 ⁇ m or more. There is no particular upper limit for the thickness of the second layer 16, but if it exceeds 2 ⁇ m, the above-mentioned further improvement in peel resistance tends not to be observed. Therefore, when considering the cost aspect, it is effective for the thickness of the second layer 16 to be 2 ⁇ m or less.
  • the first unit layer 12 may be laminated directly on the second layer 16 as shown in FIG. 8.
  • the third unit layer 17 may be laminated directly on the second layer 16.
  • the second layer 16 and the third unit layer 17 have a continuous crystal structure.
  • Embodiment 3 Manufacturing method of cutting tool
  • the manufacturing method includes a first step of preparing a substrate 2 and a second step of forming a coating 3 on the substrate 2.
  • the second step includes a step of forming a first layer 13 or a firstA layer 13A. Each step will be described in detail below.
  • a substrate 2 is prepared.
  • the substrate 2 described in the first embodiment can be used.
  • a commercially available substrate may be used, or it may be manufactured by a general powder metallurgy method.
  • WC powder and Co powder are mixed in a ball mill or the like to obtain a mixed powder.
  • the mixed powder is dried and then molded into a predetermined shape to obtain a green body.
  • the green body is then sintered to obtain a WC-Co-based cemented carbide (sintered body).
  • the sintered body is then subjected to a predetermined cutting edge processing such as honing to manufacture a substrate made of a WC-Co-based cemented carbide.
  • Substrates other than those mentioned above can also be prepared as long as they are conventionally known as substrates of this type.
  • the coating 3 is formed on the substrate 2.
  • the second step includes a step of forming the first layer 13 or the firstA layer 13A.
  • the first unit layer 12 and the second unit layer 15 are alternately laminated using a physical vapor deposition (PVD) method to form the first layer 13.
  • PVD physical vapor deposition
  • the first unit layer 12 and the third unit layer 17 are alternately laminated using a PVD method to form the first A layer 13A.
  • PVD physical vapor deposition
  • it is highly effective to form a layer made of a highly crystalline compound.
  • the inventors have investigated various methods for forming the first layer 13 and the first A layer 13A, and have found that using a physical vapor deposition method is highly effective.
  • cathodic arc ion plating As the PVD method, at least one selected from the group consisting of cathodic arc ion plating, balanced magnetron sputtering, unbalanced magnetron sputtering, and HiPIMS can be used.
  • cathodic arc ion plating which has a high ionization rate of the raw material elements, may be used.
  • cathodic arc ion plating it is possible to perform ion bombardment treatment of metal on the surface of the substrate 2 before forming the first layer 13 or the first A layer 13A, so that the adhesion between the substrate 2 and the coating 3 including the first layer 13 or the first A layer 13A is significantly improved.
  • the cathodic arc ion plating method can be carried out, for example, by placing a substrate 2 in the device and a target as a cathode, and then applying a high voltage to the target to generate an arc discharge, which ionizes and evaporates the atoms that make up the target, depositing the material on the substrate 2.
  • the balanced magnetron sputtering method can be carried out, for example, by placing a substrate 2 in an apparatus, placing a target on a magnetron electrode equipped with a magnet that forms a balanced magnetic field, applying high-frequency power between the magnetron electrode and substrate 2 to generate gas plasma, and causing gas ions generated by the generation of this gas plasma to collide with the target, thereby depositing atoms released from the target on substrate 2.
  • Unbalanced magnetron sputtering can be performed, for example, by unbalancing the magnetic field generated by the magnetron electrodes in the balanced magnetron sputtering method described above. It is also possible to use the HiPIMS method, which allows the application of a high voltage and produces a dense film.
  • the second step may include a surface treatment step such as surface grinding or shot blasting in addition to the step of forming the first layer 13 or the first A layer 13A.
  • the second step may also include a step of forming other layers such as the second layer 16, the third layer 14, and an intermediate layer.
  • the other layers may be formed by a conventionally known chemical vapor deposition method or physical vapor deposition method. From the viewpoint that the other layers can be formed continuously in the first unit layer 12 and the second unit layer 15 or the third unit layer 17 in one physical vapor deposition apparatus, it is highly effective to form the other layers by the physical vapor deposition method.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the cathodic arc ion plating apparatus used in this example
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic top view of the apparatus of FIG.
  • a cathode 106 for the first unit layer, a cathode 107 for the second unit layer, and a cathode 120 for the third layer, which are alloy targets serving as the metal raw material for the coating 3, and a rotatable substrate holder 104 for placing the substrate are installed in a chamber 101.
  • a cathode for the second layer (not shown) is also installed in the chamber 101.
  • the composition of the cathode for the second layer is adjusted so as to obtain the composition of the second layer in Tables 1 and 2.
  • An arc power supply 108 is attached to the cathode 106, and an arc power supply 109 is attached to the cathode 107.
  • a bias power supply 110 is also attached to the substrate holder 104.
  • a gas inlet for introducing gas 105 is provided in the chamber 101, and a gas exhaust port 103 is provided to adjust the pressure inside the chamber 101, and the gas inside the chamber 101 can be sucked out from the gas exhaust port 103 by a vacuum pump.
  • the substrate holder 104 was fitted with a JIS P30 grade cemented carbide substrate, a JIS CNMG120408 tip shape, and a Sumitomo Electric Hardmetal Corp. SEMT13T3AGSN tip.
  • the pressure in the chamber 101 was reduced by a vacuum pump, and the temperature was heated to 500° C. by a heater installed in the device while rotating the substrate, and the chamber 101 was evacuated until the pressure in the chamber 101 reached 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa.
  • argon gas was introduced from the gas inlet to maintain the pressure in the chamber 101 at 2.0 Pa, and the voltage of the bias power supply 110 was gradually increased to ⁇ 1000 V, and the surface of the substrate was cleaned for 15 minutes. Thereafter, the argon gas was exhausted from the chamber 101 to clean the substrate (argon bombardment treatment).
  • the substrate of each sample cutting tool was prepared.
  • the first layer was formed by alternately stacking the first unit layer and the second unit layer one by one on the second layer, with the number of layers shown in Tables 1 and 2, respectively.
  • the first layer was formed by alternately stacking the first unit layer and the second unit layer one by one on the substrate, with the number of layers shown in Tables 1 and 2, respectively.
  • the thickness of the second layer, and the thickness and number of layers of the first unit layer and the second unit layer in the first layer were adjusted by the rotation speed of the substrate.
  • the current supplied to the evaporation source was stopped when the thicknesses of the second layer and the first layer reached the thicknesses shown in Tables 1 and 2, respectively.
  • the temperature of the substrate was maintained at 400°C
  • the reactive gas pressure was maintained at 2.0 Pa
  • the voltage of the bias power supply 110 was maintained at -300 V
  • an arc current of 100 A was supplied to the cathode 120 to generate metal ions from the cathode 120 and form a third layer on the first layer.
  • the current supplied to the evaporation source was stopped.
  • the composition of the cathode 120 was adjusted so that the composition of the third layer in Tables 1 and 2 was obtained.
  • the amount of nitrogen introduced and the amount of methane gas introduced were adjusted so that the composition of the third layer in Tables 1 and 2 was obtained. In this manner, cutting tools for each sample were produced.
  • the composition of the first unit layer, the composition of the second unit layer, the composition of the second layer, the composition of the third layer, the number of layers, the average thickness of the first unit layer, the average thickness of the second unit layer, the thickness of the first layer, the thickness of the second layer, the thickness of the third layer, and ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 2 were measured.
  • compositions of the second layer and the third layer were determined by the method described in embodiment 1. The results are shown in the "Composition” column for "Second Layer” and the “Composition” column for "Third Layer” in Tables 1 and 2. When “-" is written in the "Composition” column for "Second Layer”, it means that the second layer is not present, and when “-" is written in the "Composition” column for "Third Layer”, it means that the third layer is not present.
  • ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 2 was determined by the method described in embodiment 1. The results obtained are shown in the " ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 2" column of Tables 1 and 2. Note that "-" in the " ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 2" column of Tables 1 and 2 means that at least one of the first unit layer and the second unit layer is absent.
  • ⁇ Cutting test 1 Continuous turning test> For each sample CNMG120408-shaped cutting tool, a dry continuous turning test was performed under the following cutting conditions, and the time until the flank wear of the cutting edge reached 0.2 mm was measured. The results are shown in the "Cutting time [min]" column of "Cutting test 1" in Tables 1 and 2. A longer cutting time indicates a longer tool life.
  • ⁇ Cutting conditions> ⁇ Cutting material: SCM440 (HB 300) Cutting speed: 250 m/min Feed speed: 0.3 mm/rev ⁇ Cutting depth: 2.0 mm Coolant: Dry
  • the cutting process carried out under the above cutting conditions is high-speed, high-efficiency cutting of difficult-to-cut materials, and corresponds to cutting carried out under conditions where the cutting edge temperature is high.
  • Cutting tools Samples 1-1 to 1-16 correspond to examples, and cutting tools Samples 1-101 to 1-109 correspond to comparative examples. It was confirmed that cutting tools Samples 1-1 to 1-16 have a longer tool life in cutting operations performed under conditions of high cutting edge temperatures compared to cutting tools Samples 1-101 to 1-109.
  • ⁇ Cutting test 2 Milling test> For each sample of the cutting tool having a shape of SEMT13T3AGSN, the center line of a 150 mm wide plate made of a hard-to-cut material was aligned with the center of a cutter having a wider width of ⁇ 160 mm, and surface milling was performed under the following cutting conditions, and the cutting length until the flank wear of the cutting edge reached 0.2 mm was measured. The results are shown in the "Cutting length [km]" column of "Cutting test 2" in Tables 1 and 2. A long cutting length indicates a long tool life.
  • ⁇ Cutting conditions> ⁇ Cutting material: SKD11 (HB 235) Cutting speed: 180 m/min Feed speed: 0.15 mm/t Axial cut depth ap: 1.5 mm Radial cut ae: 150 mm Coolant: Dry The cutting process performed under the above cutting conditions is high-speed, high-efficiency milling of difficult-to-cut materials under dry conditions, and corresponds to cutting performed under conditions where the cutting edge temperature is high.
  • Cutting tools Samples 1-1 to 1-16 correspond to examples, and cutting tools Samples 1-101 to 1-109 correspond to comparative examples. It was confirmed that cutting tools Samples 1-1 to 1-16 have a longer tool life in cutting operations performed under conditions of high cutting edge temperatures compared to cutting tools Samples 1-101 to 1-109.
  • Example 2 ⁇ Samples 2-1 to 2-18, Samples 2-101 to 2-111> ⁇ Cutting tool manufacturing>
  • the substrate of each sample was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. With the substrate rotated at the center, nitrogen was introduced as a reactive gas while maintaining the substrate temperature at 500° C., the reactive gas pressure at 2.0 Pa, and the voltage of the bias power supply 110 at a certain constant value in the range of ⁇ 50 V to ⁇ 200 V.
  • An arc current of 120 A was supplied to each of the cathodes 106 and 107 to generate metal ions from the cathodes 106 and 107, thereby forming the second layer and the first A layer having the compositions shown in Tables 3 and 4 on the substrate.
  • the composition of the cathode 106 was adjusted so that the composition of the first unit layer in Tables 3 and 4 was obtained.
  • the composition of the cathode 107 was adjusted so that the composition of the third unit layer in Tables 3 and 4 was obtained.
  • the 1A layer was formed by alternately stacking the first unit layer and the third unit layer one by one on the second layer, with the number of layers shown in Tables 3 and 4, respectively.
  • the 1A layer was formed by alternately stacking the first unit layer and the third unit layer one by one on the substrate, with the number of layers shown in Tables 3 and 4, respectively.
  • the thickness of the second layer, and the thickness and number of layers of the first unit layer and the third unit layer in the 1A layer were adjusted by the rotation speed of the substrate.
  • the current supplied to the evaporation source was stopped when the thicknesses of the second layer and the 1A layer reached the thicknesses shown in Tables 3 and 4, respectively.
  • the temperature of the substrate was maintained at 400°C
  • the reactive gas pressure was maintained at 2.0 Pa
  • the voltage of the bias power supply 110 was maintained at -300 V
  • an arc current of 100 A was supplied to the cathode 120 to generate metal ions from the cathode 120 and form a third layer on the 1A layer.
  • the current supplied to the evaporation source was stopped.
  • the composition of the cathode 120 was adjusted so that the composition of the third layer in Tables 3 and 4 was obtained.
  • the amount of nitrogen introduced and the amount of methane gas introduced were adjusted so that the composition of the third layer in Tables 3 and 4 was obtained. In this manner, cutting tools for each sample were produced.
  • the composition of the first unit layer, the composition of the third unit layer, the composition of the second layer, the composition of the third layer, the number of layers, the average thickness of the first unit layer, the average thickness of the third unit layer, the thickness of the 1A layer, the thickness of the second layer, the thickness of the third layer, and ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 3 were measured.
  • the measurement methods for each item were as described in Example 1.
  • the results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.
  • ⁇ Cutting test 3 Continuous turning test> For each sample of CNMG120408-shaped cutting tool, a dry continuous turning test was performed under the following cutting conditions, and the time until the flank wear of the cutting edge reached 0.2 mm was measured. The results are shown in the "Cutting time [min]" column of "Cutting test 3" in Tables 3 and 4. In Tables 3 and 4, a longer cutting time indicates a longer tool life.
  • Cutting tools Samples 2-1 to 2-18 correspond to examples, and cutting tools Samples 2-101 to 2-111 correspond to comparative examples. It was confirmed that cutting tools Samples 2-1 to 2-18 have a longer tool life in cutting operations performed under conditions of high cutting edge temperatures compared to cutting tools Samples 2-101 to 2-111.
  • ⁇ Cutting test 4 Milling test> For each sample of the cutting tool having a shape of SEMT13T3AGSN, the center line of a 150 mm wide plate made of a hard-to-cut material was aligned with the center of a cutter having a wider width of ⁇ 160 mm, and surface milling was performed under the following cutting conditions, and the cutting length until the flank wear of the cutting edge reached 0.2 mm was measured. The results are shown in the "Cutting Length [km]" column of "Cutting Test 4" in Tables 3 and 4. In Tables 3 and 4, a longer cutting length indicates a longer tool life.
  • ⁇ Cutting conditions> ⁇ Cutting material: FCD700 (HB 250) Cutting speed: 250 m/min Feed speed: 0.2 mm/t Axial depth of cut ap: 2.0 mm Radial cut ae: 150 mm Coolant: Dry
  • FCD700 (HB 250) Cutting speed: 250 m/min Feed speed: 0.2 mm/t Axial depth of cut ap: 2.0 mm Radial cut ae: 150 mm Coolant: Dry
  • the cutting process performed under the above cutting conditions is high-speed, high-efficiency milling of difficult-to-cut materials under dry conditions, and corresponds to cutting performed under conditions where the cutting edge temperature is high.
  • Cutting tools Samples 2-1 to 2-18 correspond to examples, and cutting tools Samples 2-101 to 2-111 correspond to comparative examples. It was confirmed that cutting tools Samples 2-1 to 2-18 have a longer tool life in cutting operations performed under conditions of high cutting edge temperatures compared to cutting tools Samples 2-101 to 2-111.

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JPH09300105A (ja) 1996-05-21 1997-11-25 Hitachi Tool Eng Ltd 表面被覆超硬合金製スローアウェイインサート
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