WO2024078564A1 - 一种充电装置加热结构及一种机动车辆 - Google Patents

一种充电装置加热结构及一种机动车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024078564A1
WO2024078564A1 PCT/CN2023/124187 CN2023124187W WO2024078564A1 WO 2024078564 A1 WO2024078564 A1 WO 2024078564A1 CN 2023124187 W CN2023124187 W CN 2023124187W WO 2024078564 A1 WO2024078564 A1 WO 2024078564A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heating
lock
charging
conductive coil
heating device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2023/124187
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王超
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Changchun Jetty Automotive Parts Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Changchun Jetty Automotive Parts Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Changchun Jetty Automotive Parts Co Ltd filed Critical Changchun Jetty Automotive Parts Co Ltd
Publication of WO2024078564A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024078564A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/16—Connectors, e.g. plugs or sockets, specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/06—Control, e.g. of temperature, of power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/10—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of electronic lock design, and more specifically, to a charging device heating structure and a motor vehicle.
  • New energy electric vehicles are the development trend of the automobile industry and are an emerging industry that is currently being strongly supported.
  • the key technologies of electric vehicles also focus on AC/DC charging interfaces.
  • AC/DC charging of electric vehicles requires completion under high current.
  • an electronic lock is required on the charging socket in the power supply end. During the charging process, the electronic lock temporarily locks the charging gun and the charging interface on the charging socket, so that the charging gun and the charging interface maintain a relatively stable connection to ensure the safety of the charging process.
  • the purpose of the present application is to provide a charging device heating structure and a new technical solution for a motor vehicle to solve the problem of easy frost accumulation on the lock rod or lock hole of the electronic lock on the charging socket.
  • a charging device heating structure comprises a charging socket, an electronic lock and a heating device, wherein the electronic lock is provided with a locking rod, the charging socket is provided with a locking hole for inserting the locking rod, the heating device is arranged in the electronic lock or in the charging socket, and is used for heating the locking rod or the locking hole.
  • a cavity for accommodating a locking rod is provided in the electronic lock, and a heating device is provided on the inner wall of the cavity or in the lock hole. When the locking rod is extended, it passes through the heating device, and a gap is provided between the locking rod and the heating device.
  • a cylindrical structure concentric with the lock rod is disposed in the electronic lock, the lock rod is located in the cylindrical structure, and the heating device is disposed on the outer wall of the cylindrical structure.
  • a sleeve is provided on the charging socket, a lock hole is provided in the sleeve, and a heating device is provided in the sleeve. on the outer wall.
  • the heating device comprises a heating element, which is a semiconductor heater or a resistive heater or a conductive coil.
  • the heating element is electrically connected to the vehicle battery.
  • the conductive coil is a helical shape of a wire, and the pitch of the helical shape is 1 to 3 times the diameter of the wire.
  • the spiral shape is arranged in multiple overlapping layers.
  • a cylindrical body concentric with the lock hole is disposed in the charging socket, the lock rod is at least partially located in the cylindrical body, and the conductive coil surrounds the outer wall of the cylindrical body.
  • the locking rod is made of a non-metallic material
  • the cylindrical body is made of a conductor
  • the heating rate of the heating device is not less than 5°C/min.
  • the charging device heating structure provided in the present application also includes a control unit and a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the lock rod or the lock hole.
  • the temperature sensor and the heating device are electrically connected to the control unit respectively.
  • the charging device heating structure provided in the present application also includes a lock rod position sensor, and the lock rod position sensor and the heating device are electrically connected to the control unit respectively.
  • a motor vehicle comprises the above charging device heating structure.
  • the beneficial effects of the present application are:
  • the heating device in the present application can heat the electronic lock, especially the lock rod and lock hole of the electronic lock, which is particularly suitable for cold weather in the north and can effectively prevent the phenomenon of malfunction of the electronic lock of the charging device caused by cold weather.
  • the conductive coil in the present application will generate a magnetic field after being connected to alternating current.
  • the lock rod arranged in the channel of the spiral conductive coil will generate an induced current under the action of the magnetic field.
  • the induced current will cause the lock rod to heat up, thereby heating the lock rod and the lock hole.
  • This application provides a variety of heating methods as options, which can be selected according to different actual environments.
  • the temperature sensor in this application can detect the temperature of the lock rod or the lock hole. When the temperature is lower than the preset value, the heating device is automatically turned on, thereby automatically completing the heating work.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a heating structure of a charging device according to the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a heating device of a heating structure of a charging device of the present application.
  • FIG3 is a bottom cross-sectional view of a cylindrical structure of a heating structure of a charging device of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a side cross-sectional view of a heating structure sleeve of a charging device according to the present application.
  • FIG5 is a side cross-sectional view of a conductive coil of a heating structure of a charging device according to the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a bottom cross-sectional view of a conductive coil of a heating structure of a charging device according to the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a side cross-sectional view of a cylindrical body of a heating structure of a charging device of the present application.
  • a charging device heating structure as shown in Figure 1, includes a charging socket 100, an electronic lock 200 and a heating device 300, the electronic lock 200 has a locking rod 201, the charging socket 100 has a locking hole 101 for inserting the locking rod 201, the heating device 300 is arranged in the electronic lock 200 or in the charging socket 100, and the heating device 300 is used to heat the locking rod 201 or the locking hole 101.
  • the electronic lock 200 temporarily locks the charging gun and the charging interface on the charging socket 100 during the charging process, so that the charging The electric gun maintains a relatively stable connection with the charging interface to ensure the safety of the charging process.
  • the lock rod 201 can reciprocate at the lock hole 101 under the control of the actuator 202 of the electronic lock 200.
  • the actuator 202 of the electronic lock 200 is the drive unit and transmission mechanism of the electronic lock 200.
  • the electronic lock 200 includes a drive motor and a gear worm transmission mechanism.
  • the electronic lock 200 When the lock rod 201 extends out of the lock hole, the electronic lock 200 is in a locked state; when the lock rod 201 is retracted into the lock hole 101, the electronic lock 200 is in an open state.
  • the electronic lock 200 is used as an auxiliary device in the charging mechanism of new energy vehicles. Its volume is very small, and the lock hole is even smaller. In cold weather, it is easy to block the lock hole due to frost and ice, making the electronic lock 200 unusable. In a severe cold working environment, the lock rod 201 of the electronic lock 200 or the lock hole 101 of the charging socket 100 is prone to frost and ice, so that the electronic lock 200 cannot be locked normally, which is easy to cause danger during the charging process.
  • the present application provides a heating device 300 for the electronic lock 200, which can provide heat when needed to prevent the electronic lock 200 from failing to work.
  • the heating device 300 can be manually controlled, and only turned on when the weather is cold, or it can be automatically controlled, such as turning on when the temperature reaches a preset condition.
  • the electronic lock 200 can be set inside the charging socket 100 or outside the charging socket 100.
  • the heating device 300 can be set inside the charging socket 100 or inside the electronic lock 200. As long as the heating device 300 can heat the lock rod 201 and the lock hole 101, they are all optional solutions.
  • a cavity for accommodating the locking rod 201 is provided in the electronic lock 200, and the heating device 300 is provided on the inner wall of the cavity or in the lock hole 101.
  • the heating device 300 can be provided in the electronic lock 200 or in the charging socket 100. As long as it can approach the locking rod 201 or the lock hole 101 and generate heat, it is a suitable setting position for the heating device 300 to prevent frost and ice from forming on the locking rod 201 or the lock hole 101. A certain gap is maintained between the locking rod 201 and the heating device 300 to prevent the locking rod 201 from scratching the heating device 300 during the extension and retraction process.
  • a cylindrical structure 204 concentric with the lock rod 201 is provided in the electronic lock 200, the lock rod 201 is located in the cylindrical structure 204, and the heating device 300 is provided on the outer wall of the cylindrical structure 204.
  • the cylindrical structure 204 is provided outside the lock rod 201, so that the lock rod 201 reciprocates in the cylindrical structure 204, and the inner wall of the cylindrical structure 204 provides a movement limit for the lock rod 201, so that the movement of the lock rod 201 is more stable, and the failure rate of the electronic lock 200 is reduced.
  • the cylindrical structure 204 is provided in the electronic lock 200 and is concentric with the lock hole 101.
  • the heating device 300 is outside the cylindrical structure 204, and further heats the lock rod 201 or the lock hole 101 by heating the cylindrical structure 204.
  • a sleeve 400 is provided on the charging socket 100, the lock hole 101 is provided in the sleeve 400, and the heating device 300 is provided on the outer wall of the sleeve 400.
  • the sleeve 400 is provided in the charging socket 100, so that the lock rod 201 can reciprocate in the sleeve 400 after being inserted into the charging socket 100, and the inner wall of the sleeve 400 provides a movement limit for the lock rod 201, so that the movement of the lock rod 201 in the charging socket 100 is more stable, further reducing the electronic lock 200.
  • the sleeve 400 is disposed in the charging socket 100 and is concentric with the lock hole 101 .
  • the heating device 300 is disposed outside the sleeve 400 to heat the lock rod 201 or the lock hole 101 through the sleeve 400 .
  • the heating device 300 includes a heating element, which may be a semiconductor heater or a resistance heater or a conductive coil 3 .
  • the semiconductor heater is a cooling technology based on the Peltier effect. Its working principle is that when the N-type and P-type semiconductor elements are connected into a thermocouple and a direct current is passed through the two semiconductors, one end of the thermocouple will absorb heat and gradually become cold, and this semiconductor end is called the cold end; the other end will release heat and become hot, and is called the hot end. In this embodiment, even if the hot end is close to the electronic lock 200 and the DC power supply of the semiconductor is turned on, the heating device 300 can heat the electronic lock 200.
  • Resistance heating is the electrical heating of an object using the heat energy generated by the Joule effect of current flowing through a conductor.
  • an electric heating element such as a resistance wire, a thermistor, an electric heating film, etc.
  • the electric heating element When current passes through the electric heating element, the electric heating element first generates heat, and then the heat generated by the electric heating element is used to indirectly heat the electronic lock 200.
  • the heating device 300 is a conductive coil 3; as shown in FIG5 and FIG6, the locking rod 201 is a conductor, and the conductive coil 3 is connected to an AC power source.
  • the conductive coil 3 of this embodiment is connected to the AC power, a magnetic field will be generated, and the locking rod 201 arranged in the conductive coil 3 will generate an induced current under the action of the magnetic field, and the induced current will cause the locking rod 201 to heat up, thereby achieving the purpose of heating the locking rod 201 and the lock hole 101.
  • the conductive coil 3 in this embodiment can heat the locking rod 201 through the thermal eddy current effect, thereby improving the low temperature condition at the locking rod 201 and the lock hole 101.
  • the principle of the thermal eddy current effect is that when a conductor is in a changing magnetic field or moves relative to the magnetic field, an induced current will also be generated inside the conductor.
  • the current streamlines of these induced currents in the conductor are in the shape of a closed vortex, which is called eddy current or eddy current.
  • Induction heating uses this principle to place the heated metal in a high-frequency changing electromagnetic field.
  • the strong electromagnetic field forms induced eddy currents on its surface, which rapidly heat up the material due to its internal resistance, releasing a large amount of Joule heat, thereby heating the surrounding space.
  • the heating element is electrically connected to the vehicle battery.
  • the heating element is a semiconductor heater, it needs to be connected to direct current and can be directly connected to the vehicle battery point. If the heating element is a resistance heater, it can be connected to either AC or DC.
  • the conductive coil 3 heats the lock rod according to the thermal eddy current effect, the conductive coil 3 needs to be connected to the vehicle battery through an inverter.
  • the inverter is a transformer that converts direct current to alternating current, which is actually a voltage inversion process with the converter. The converter converts the AC voltage of the power grid into a stable DC output, while the inverter can convert the 12V DC voltage output by the battery into high-frequency, high-voltage AC.
  • the vehicle battery can provide AC power to the conductive coil 3 through the inverter, so that the conductive coil 3 can be connected to the vehicle battery.
  • a strong magnetic field is generated inside the electric coil 3, causing the locking rod 201 inside the conductive coil 3 to generate heat.
  • the conductive coil 3 is a spiral wound with a wire, and the pitch of the spiral conductive coil 3 is 1 to 3 times the diameter of the wire.
  • the spiral conductive coil 3 is connected to an AC power source and is wound around the lock rod 201, but does not contact the lock rod 201 and does not affect the normal movement of the lock rod 201.
  • the conductive coil 3 is spiral, and the lock rod 201 of the electronic lock 200 is located in the channel 31 formed by the spiral.
  • the heat generated by the conductive coil 3 is related to the magnitude of the current conducted in the conductive coil 3, the number of turns of the conductive coil 3, and the material and size of the conductor inside the conductive coil 3.
  • the wire of the conductive coil 3 is spirally wound.
  • the inventor conducted a series of experiments.
  • the inventor selected the same electronic lock 200, the same wire diameter of the conductive coil 3, the same length of the spiral conductive coil 3, respectively wound into spiral conductive coils 3 with different pitches, conducted the same current, measured the temperature values of the same position of the conductive coil 3 before and after conduction, and took the difference as the absolute value, which is the temperature drift value of the conductive coil 3.
  • the temperature drift value is less than 30°C, which is unqualified.
  • Table 1 The experimental results are shown in Table 1.
  • the spiral conductive coil 3 is arranged in multiple layers, that is, multiple layers of conductive coils 3 are arranged, and the multiple layers of conductive coils 3 are closely contacted in sequence.
  • the spiral shape of the conductive coil 3 is a single layer, if the conduction current is small and the spiral shape of the conductive coil 3 is tightly wound, but the temperature drift value of the conductive coil 3 is still unqualified, the conductive coil 3 is further wound, and the spiral conductive coil is wound around the outside of the first layer of the spiral conductive coil 3. The number of turns of the conductive coil 3 is increased. When the conduction current is constant, the more turns of the conductive coil 3, the higher the temperature drift value of the conductive coil 3.
  • a cylindrical body 102 concentric with the lock hole 101 is arranged in the charging socket 100.
  • the lock rod 201 is at least partially located in the cylindrical body 102, and the conductive coil 3 surrounds the outer wall of the cylindrical body 102.
  • the lock rod is not completely located in the electronic lock 200, but a part of it is in the charging seat, but does not extend out of the lock hole 101, and only extends out of the lock hole 101 when it needs to be locked.
  • the charging socket 100 can be heated, and the cylindrical body 102 is arranged in the charging socket 100, so that the lock rod 201 reciprocates in the cylindrical body 102, the cylindrical body 102 is concentric with the lock hole 101, the cylindrical body 102 is sleeved on the outside of the lock rod 201, and the conductive coil 3 is wound on the outer wall of the cylindrical body 102.
  • the conductive coil 3 When the conductive coil 3 is energized, the locking rod 201 and the cylindrical body 102 can simultaneously generate an eddy current effect in the magnetic field provided by the conductive coil 3, so as to obtain a better heating effect.
  • the material of the locking rod 201 is a non-metallic material
  • the material of the cylindrical body 102 is a conductor.
  • the materials of the locking rod 201 and the cylindrical body 102 can both be conductors, and heat can be generated in the conductive coil 3 at the same time.
  • the non-metallic material can be plastic, which is simple to shape, high in strength, and light in weight, and can meet the strength requirements of the locking rod 201.
  • the locking rod 201 of non-metallic material will not generate heat in the conductive coil 3, so it is necessary to select the material of the cylindrical body 102 as a conductive material, and the conductive coil 3 is arranged around the outer wall of the cylindrical body 102, which can provide an electromagnetic field for heating the cylindrical body 102, and the heating effect can be achieved without heating the locking rod 201.
  • the heating rate of the heating device 300 is not less than 5°C/min. If the heating speed of the heating device 300 is too slow, it will take a long time to unlock or lock the lock in actual use.
  • the inventor conducted relevant tests. The test method is to place the same charging socket 100 at a temperature of -20°C and a humidity of 65% for 12 hours. After starting the heating device 300, the electronic lock 200 is qualified if it can start working within 2 minutes, otherwise it is unqualified. The results are shown in Table 2.
  • the inventor selects a heating rate of the heating device 300 of not less than 5°C/min.
  • the charging device heating structure provided in the present application further includes a control unit and a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the locking rod 201 or the locking hole 101 , and the temperature sensor and the heating device 300 are electrically connected to the control unit, respectively.
  • the control unit can detect the temperature value of the electronic lock 200 through the temperature sensor. When the temperature value is lower than the predetermined value, the control unit controls the switch of the heating device 300 to turn on, so that the heating device 300 can perform heating work.
  • the control unit controls the switch of the heating device 300 to turn on, so that the heating device 300 can perform heating work.
  • the temperature is lower than the freezing point
  • the water vapor in the air will begin to freeze.
  • the amount of ice will gradually increase.
  • the lock hole 101 will be closed by the frozen ice, or the lock rod 201 will freeze in the electronic lock 200 or the charging socket 100. At this time, it is difficult to drive the lock rod 201 to work by relying on the motor in the electronic lock 200, so it is necessary to start the heating device 300 for heating.
  • the preset value of the temperature can be set at 0°C in the control unit.
  • the temperature of the lock rod 201 or the lock hole 101 is first collected by the temperature sensor.
  • the control unit starts the heating device 300.
  • the working time of the heating device 300 can use the rated time, for example, the rated time is 2 minutes. After 2 minutes, the heating device 300 stops heating, or the temperature collected by the temperature sensor is used to determine whether to stop the heating device 300. If the temperature collected by the temperature sensor is always less than 0°C, the heating device 300 continues to heat until the temperature collected by the temperature sensor is greater than or equal to 0°C, and the control unit stops the heating work of the heating device 300.
  • the temperature sensor is a PTC temperature sensor or an NTC temperature sensor.
  • the advantages of using these two temperature sensors are small size and can measure gaps that other thermometers cannot measure; easy to use, the resistance value can be arbitrarily selected between 0.1 and 100 k ⁇ ; easy to process into complex shapes, can be mass-produced, good stability, strong overload capacity, suitable for conversion joints, which require small size and stable performance.
  • the charging device heating structure provided in the present application also includes a lock rod position sensor, and the lock rod position sensor and the heating device 300 are electrically connected to the control unit respectively.
  • a lock rod position sensor can be used to detect the position of the lock rod, such as a Hall sensor to determine whether the lock rod 201 enters the working position through magnetic induction, or an infrared sensor to determine whether the lock rod 201 enters the working position. If the control unit determines that the lock rod 201 has not entered the working position, the control unit starts the heating device 300. In order to control the heating device 300 more accurately, the control unit determines the temperature collected by the temperature sensor. If the temperature is lower than the preset value, it first determines whether the lock rod 201 can enter the normal working position. If not, the heating device 300 is started for heating. If the lock rod 201 can enter the normal working position, there is no need to start the heating device 300.
  • the present application also provides a motor vehicle, comprising the above-mentioned charging device heating structure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本申请公开了一种充电装置加热结构及一种机动车辆，涉及电子锁设计技术领域。包括充电插座、电子锁和加热装置，所述电子锁上具有锁杆，所述充电插座上具有容纳所述锁杆插入的锁孔，所述加热装置设置在所述电子锁内或者充电插座内，加热装置用于加热所述锁杆或所述锁孔。本申请中的加热装置能够为电子锁的锁杆及充电插座的锁孔进行加热，特别适合于北方寒冷天气，能够有效杜绝因天气寒冷导致的充电装置电子锁失灵的现象。本申请提供了多种加热方式作为选择，可以根据不同的实际环境进行选择。温度传感器能够检测锁杆或锁孔的温度，当温度低于预设值时，自动开启加热装置，从而自动完成加热工作。

Description

一种充电装置加热结构及一种机动车辆
相关申请
本申请要求于2022年10月13日递交的申请号为202211253234.8的中国专利申请的优先权，并引用上述专利申请公开的内容作为本申请的一部分。
技术领域
本申请涉及电子锁设计技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种充电装置加热结构及一种机动车辆。
背景技术
新能源电动汽车是汽车行业的发展趋势，是当前大力扶持的新兴产业。电动汽车的关键技术除了电池外，交/直流的充电接口也是重点。电动汽车的交流/直流充电要求在大电流下完成。为确保最终客户在使用时的安全性，要求在供电端内的充插电座有电子锁。电子锁在充电过程中将充电枪与充电插座上的充电接口进行暂时的锁紧，使充电枪与充电接口保持相对稳定连接，以保障充电过程的安全。但是在严寒工作环境下，电子锁的锁杆或电子锁的的锁孔以及充电插座与电子锁相对应的锁孔都容易出现凝霜结冰的情况，从而使电子锁无法正常锁紧，很容易在充电过程中出现危险。因此，现有技术中急需一种新的方案来解决上述问题。
发明内容
本申请的目的是提供一种充电装置加热结构及一种机动车辆的新技术方案，来解决充电插座上电子锁的锁杆或锁孔易凝霜的问题。
一种充电装置加热结构，包括充电插座、电子锁和加热装置，电子锁上具有锁杆，充电插座上具有用于锁杆插入的锁孔，加热装置设置在电子锁内或者充电插座内，加热装置用于加热锁杆或锁孔。
在一些实施例中，电子锁内设置有容纳锁杆的腔体，加热装置设置在腔体的内壁上或锁孔内，锁杆伸出时通过加热装置，锁杆与加热装置之间具有间隙。
在一些实施例中，电子锁内设置有与锁杆同心的筒状结构，锁杆位于筒状结构内，加热装置设置在筒状结构的外壁上。
在一些实施例中，充电插座上设置套管，锁孔设置在套管中，加热装置设置在套管 的外壁上。
在一些实施例中，加热装置包括加热元件，加热元件为半导体加热器或电阻加热器或导电线圈。
在一些实施例中，加热元件与车载电池电性连接。
在一些实施例中，导电线圈为导线缠绕的螺旋状，螺旋状的螺距为导线直径的1倍-3倍。
在一些实施例中，螺旋状为多层重叠设置。
在一些实施例中，充电插座内设置有与锁孔同心的筒状体，锁杆至少部分位于筒状体内，导电线圈围绕筒状体的外壁。
在一些实施例中，锁杆的材质为非金属材质，筒状体的材质为导体。
在一些实施例中，加热装置的升温速率不小于5℃/min。
本申请所提供的充电装置加热结构还包括控制单元和用于测量锁杆或锁孔温度的温度传感器，温度传感器及加热装置分别与控制单元电连接。
本申请所提供的充电装置加热结构还包括锁杆位置传感器，锁杆位置传感器及加热装置分别与控制单元电连接。
一种机动车辆，包括上述一种充电装置加热结构。本申请的有益效果是：
1、本申请中的加热装置能够为电子锁特别是电子锁的锁杆及锁孔进行加热，特别适合于北方寒冷天气，能够有效杜绝因天气寒冷导致的充电装置电子锁失灵的现象。
2、本申请中的导电线圈在接通交流电后，会产生磁场，设置在螺旋状的导电线圈的通道内的锁杆会在磁场的作用下产生感应电流，感应电流会使锁杆发热，从而起到对锁杆和锁孔加热的作用。
3、本申请提供了多种加热方式作为选择，可以根据不同的实际环境进行选择。
4、本申请中的温度传感器能够检测锁杆或锁孔的温度，当温度低于预设值时，自动开启加热装置，从而自动完成加热工作。
通过以下参照附图对本申请的示例性实施例的详细描述，本申请的其它特征及其优点将会变得清楚。
附图说明
被结合在说明书中并构成说明书的一部分的附图示出了本申请的实施例，并且连同其说明一起用于解释本申请的原理。
图1为本申请一种充电装置加热结构的结构示意图。
图2为本申请一种充电装置加热结构加热装置的示意图。
图3为本申请一种充电装置加热结构的筒状结构的仰视剖视图。
图4为本申请一种充电装置加热结构套管的侧视剖视图。
图5为本申请一种充电装置加热结构导电线圈的侧视剖视图。
图6为本申请一种充电装置加热结构导电线圈的仰视剖视图。
图7为本申请一种充电装置加热结构筒状体的侧视剖视图。
图中标示如下：
100-充电插座、101-锁孔、102-筒状体、
200-电子锁、201-锁杆、202-执行器、204-筒状结构、
300-加热装置、
3-导电线圈、31-通道、
400-套管。
具体实施方式
现在将参照附图来详细描述本申请的各种示例性实施例。应注意到：除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、数字表达式和数值不限制本申请的范围。
以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本申请及其应用或使用的任何限制。
对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为说明书的一部分。
在这里示出和讨论的所有例子中，任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的，而不是作为限制。因此，示例性实施例的其它例子可以具有不同的值。
一种充电装置加热结构，如图1所示，包括充电插座100、电子锁200和加热装置300，电子锁200上具有锁杆201，充电插座100上具有用于锁杆201插入的锁孔101，加热装置300设置在电子锁200内或者充电插座100内，加热装置300用于加热锁杆201或锁孔101。
为确保客户在使用时的安全性，要求在供电端内的充电插座100上设置电子锁200。电子锁200在充电过程中将充电枪与充电插座100上的充电接口进行暂时的锁紧，使充 电枪与充电接口保持相对稳定连接，以保障充电过程的安全。锁杆201在电子锁200的执行器202的控制下能够在锁孔101处做往复运动，电子锁200的执行器202为电子锁200的驱动单元和传动机构，在一实施例中，电子锁200内部包括驱动电机和齿轮蜗杆传动机构。当锁杆201伸出锁孔后，电子锁200处于锁定状态；当锁杆201缩回锁孔101内时，电子锁200处于开启状态。电子锁200作为一个辅助设备用在新能源车的充电机构中，其体积是非常小的，锁孔更小，在寒冷天气中，容易因为凝霜结冰封堵住锁孔而导致电子锁200无法使用。在严寒工作环境下，电子锁200的锁杆201或充电插座100的锁孔101都容易出现凝霜结冰的情况，从而使电子锁200无法正常锁紧，很容易在充电过程中出现危险。本申请为电子锁200提供了加热装置300，加热装置300能够在需要时提供热量，避免电子锁200出现无法工作的现象。加热装置300可以人为控制，只在天气寒冷时开启，也可以为自动控制，如在温度达到预设条件时开启。电子锁200可以设置在充电插座100内部也可以设置在充电插座100外部，相应的，加热装置300可以设置在充电插座100内，也可以设置在电子锁200内。只要加热装置300能实现对锁杆201和锁孔101加热，则均为可选方案。
在一些实施方式中，电子锁200内设置有容纳锁杆201的腔体，加热装置300设置在腔体的内壁上或锁孔101内，锁杆201伸出时通过(即穿过)加热装置300，锁杆201与加热装置300之间具有间隙。如图2所示，加热装置300可以设置在电子锁200内也可以设置在充电插座100内。只要能接近锁杆201或锁孔101并能产生热量，防止锁杆201或锁孔101出现凝霜结冰均是合适的加热装置300的设置位置。锁杆201与加热装置300保留一定间隙，防止锁杆201在伸缩的过程中与加热装置300发生刮碰。
在一些实施例中，电子锁200内设置有与锁杆201同心的筒状结构204，锁杆201位于筒状结构204内，加热装置300设置在筒状结构204的外壁上。如图3所示，在锁杆201外设置筒状结构204，使锁杆201在筒状结构204内往复运动，筒状结构204内壁提供锁杆201的运动限位，使锁杆201的运动更加平稳，降低电子锁200的故障率。筒状结构204设置在电子锁200内，并与锁孔101同心，加热装置300在筒状结构204的外部，通过给筒状结构204加热再进一步加热锁杆201或锁孔101。
在一些实施例中，充电插座100上设置套管400，锁孔101设置在套管400中，加热装置300设置在套管400的外壁上。如图4所示，在充电插座100内设置套管400，使锁杆201在插入充电插座100后能够在套管400内往复运动，套管400内壁提供锁杆201的运动限位，使锁杆201在充电插座100内的运动更加平稳，进一步降低电子锁200 的故障率。套管400设置在充电插座100内，并与锁孔101同心，加热装置300设置在套管400的外部，隔着套管400给锁杆201或锁孔101加热。
在一些实施例中，加热装置300包括加热元件，加热元件可以为半导体加热器或电阻加热器或导电线圈3。
半导体加热器是以帕尔帖效应为基础的一种制冷技术。它的工作原理是当把N型和P型半导体元件联结成电偶对并在两块半导体上通上直流电时，电偶对的一端就会吸热逐渐变冷，这一半导体端叫做冷端；另一端会放热变热，称为热端。本实施方式中，即使将热端靠近电子锁200，接通半导体的直流电源，加热装置300即可对电子锁200加热。
电阻加热是利用电流流过导体的焦耳效应产生的热能对物体进行的电加热。在本实施方式中，在电子锁200附近设置电热元件，例如电阻丝、热敏电阻、电热膜等，电流通过电热元件，使电热元件首先发热，然后利用电热元件产生的热量间接加热电子锁200。
在一些实施例中，加热装置300为导电线圈3；如图5和图6所示，锁杆201为导体，导电线圈3连接交流电源。本实施例的导电线圈3在接通交流电后，会产生磁场，设置在导电线圈3内的锁杆201会在磁场的作用下产生感应电流，感应电流会使锁杆201发热，从而起到对其和锁孔101加热的目的。本实施例中的导电线圈3能够通过热涡流效应给锁杆201加热，从而改善锁杆201和锁孔101处的低温状况。
热涡流效应的原理为：导体处在变化磁场中，或者相对于磁场运动时，在导体内部也会产生感应电流。这些感应电流在导体内的电流流线呈闭合的涡旋状，被称为涡电流或涡流。感应加热就是利用这种原理，将被加热金属置于高频变化的电磁场中，强大的电磁场在其表面形成感应涡流，依靠材料本身的内阻，使之迅速发热，释放出大量的焦耳热，从而起到对周围空间加热的作用。
在一些实施例中，加热元件与车载电池电性连接。其中，如果加热元件为半导体加热器，其需要接直流电，可以直接与车载电池点连接。如果加热元件为电阻加热器，其接交流或是直流电均可。如果是导电线圈3根据热涡流效应为锁杆加热，则需要将导电线圈3通过逆变器与车载电池连接。逆变器是一种直流电转交流电的变压器，它其实与转换器是一种电压逆变的过程。转换器是将电网的交流电压转变为稳定的直流输出，而逆变器可以将电池输出的12V直流电压转变为高频的高压交流电。当电子锁200设置在充电插座100内的时候，车载电池可以通过逆变器为导电线圈3提供交流电，从而使导 电线圈3内部产生较强的磁场，使导电线圈3内部的锁杆201产生热量。
在一些实施例中，导电线圈3为导线缠绕的螺旋状，螺旋状导电线圈3的螺距为导线直径的1倍-3倍。螺旋状的导电线圈3与交流电源连接并缠绕在锁杆201的周围，但是不与锁杆201接触，不影响锁杆201的正常运动。导电线圈3为螺旋状，电子锁200的锁杆201位于螺旋状所形成的通道31内。导电线圈3的发热量，跟导电线圈3里导通的电流大小，导电线圈3的圈数，以及导电线圈3内部的导体材质、大小都有关系，导电线圈3的导线为螺旋状缠绕，在导通电流一致，螺旋状导电线圈3为单层导电线圈的情况下，螺旋状的导电线圈3的螺距越小，导电线圈3的发热量越大。发明人为了验证螺旋状导电线圈3的螺距为导电线圈3的导线直径的倍数对导电线圈3的发热量的影响，做了一系列实验。发明人选用相同的电子锁200，相同的导电线圈3的导线直径，相同螺旋状导电线圈3的长度，分别缠绕成不同螺距的螺旋状导电线圈3，导通相同的电流，测量导电线圈3的相同位置导电前和导电后的温度值，并作差取绝对值，为导电线圈3的温飘值，在本实施例中，温飘值小于30℃为不合格。实验结果如表1所示。
表1：螺旋状导电线圈3的螺距为导电线圈3的导线直径的倍数对导电线圈3的发热量的影响
从上表1可以看出，当螺旋状导电线圈3的螺距为导电线圈3的导线直径的3倍以上时，由于相同距离内的缠绕的导电线圈3的导线圈数较少，因此导电线圈3的发热量也较小，导电线圈3的温飘值小于30℃，不符合要求值。而螺旋状导电线圈3的螺距为导电线圈3的导线直径的1倍时，也就是导电线圈3的导线已经紧密接触缠绕了，螺距不能再小了，此时为导电线圈3的发热量的最大值。因此，发明人设定螺旋状导电线圈3的螺距为导电线圈3的导线直径的1倍-3倍。
在一些实施方式中，螺旋状导电线圈3为多层重叠设置，即设置多层导电线圈3，多层导电线圈3依次紧密接触。根据上面的描述，当导电线圈3的螺旋状为单层时，如果导通电流较小，导电线圈3的螺旋状已经紧密缠绕时，导电线圈3的温飘值还是不合格，则将导电线圈3的导线继续缠绕，在第一层螺旋状导电线圈3外侧再缠绕螺旋状导 电线圈3，从而增加导电线圈3的圈数，在导通电流一定的情况下，导电线圈3的圈数越多，导电线圈3的温飘值就越高。充电插座100内设置有与锁孔101同心的筒状体102，如图7所示，锁杆201至少部分位于筒状体102内，导电线圈3围绕筒状体102的外壁。很多时候，电子锁200在开锁时，锁杆也不完全位于电子锁200内，而是一部分在充电座内，但是不伸出锁孔101，需要锁定时才伸出锁孔101。因此可以采用在充电插座100内加热的方式，在充电插座100内设置筒状体102，使锁杆201在筒状体102内往复运动，筒状体102与锁孔101同心，筒状体102套设在锁杆201外侧，导电线圈3缠绕在筒状体102的外壁上。导电线圈3通电后可以同时使锁杆201和筒状体102在导电线圈3提供的磁场内发生涡电流效应，以得到更好的加热效果。
在一些实施例中，锁杆201的材质为非金属材质，筒状体102的材质为导体。在上述实施例中，锁杆201和筒状体102的材质可以都是导体，可以同时在导电线圈3中产生热量。但在一些实施例中，需要采用质量轻，轻度高的非金属材质的锁杆201，降低驱动单元和传动机构的负荷，同时减少锁杆201和筒状体102之间的摩擦声音，降低异响，非金属材质可以为塑料，成型简单，强度高，重量轻，可以满足锁杆201的强度要求。但是非金属材质的锁杆201不会在导电线圈3中产生热量，因此需要将筒状体102的材质选用为导体材料，导电线圈3围绕筒状体102外壁设置，可以提供电磁场用于给筒状体102加热，而无需给锁杆201加热，也能达到升温的效果。
在一些实施例中，加热装置300的升温速率不小于5℃/min。如果加热装置300的加热速度过慢，则实际使用时需要长时间的等待才能开锁或关锁。为了选择合适的加热装置300的升温速率，发明人进行了相关测试，测试方法为将相同的充电插座100在温度为-20℃，湿度为65％下静置12小时，启动加热装置300后，电子锁200能在2分钟之内开始工作的为合格，否则为不合格。结果如表2所示。
表2：加热装置的升温速率对电子锁工作的影响
如表2所示，当加热装置300的升温速率小于5℃/min时，充电插座100上的电子锁200无法在2分钟内正常工作，为不合格。所以，在本实施例中，发明人选择的加热装置300的升温速率不小于5℃/min。
在一些实施方式中，本申请所提供的充电装置加热结构还包括控制单元和用于测量锁杆201或锁孔101温度的温度传感器，温度传感器及加热装置300分别与控制单元电连接。
控制单元能够通过温度传感器检测电子锁200的温度值，当温度值低于预定值时，控制单元控制加热装置300的开关开启，就可以使加热装置300进行加热工作。在平时的使用中，当温度低于冰点，空气中的水蒸气就会开始出现结冰现象，随着低温状态的延续，结冰量就会逐渐增多，当结冰量累积到一定程度时，锁孔101就会被冻结的冰封闭，或者锁杆201冻结在电子锁200或充电插座100内，此时，依靠电子锁200中的电机难以驱动锁杆201工作，这就需要启动加热装置300进行加热。例如，可以在控制单元内将温度的预设值设置在0℃，当充电插座100工作时，首选通过温度传感器采集锁杆201或锁孔101的温度，当温度传感器采集的温度小于0℃时，控制单元启动加热装置300，加热装置300的工作时间可以采用额定时间，例如额定时间为2分钟，2分钟后，加热装置300停止加热，或者通过温度传感器采集到的温度进行判断是否停止加热装置300工作。如果温度传感器采集的温度始终小于0℃，则加热装置300一直加热，直到温度传感器采集的温度大于等于0℃，控制单元才停止加热装置300的加热工作。温度传感器为PTC温度传感器或NTC温度传感器。采用这两种温度传感器的好处是体积小，能够测量其他温度计无法测量的空隙；使用方便，电阻值可在0.1～100kΩ间任意选择；易加工成复杂的形状，可大批量生产，稳定性好、过载能力强，适用于转换接头这种要求体积小，性能稳定的产品中。
进一步的，本申请所提供的充电装置加热结构还包括锁杆位置传感器，锁杆位置传感器及加热装置300分别与控制单元电连接。在一些情况下，可以采用锁杆位置传感器来检测锁杆的位置，如霍尔传感器通过磁感应来判断锁杆201是否进入工作位置，或者红外感应传感器来判断锁杆201是否进入工作位置，如果控制单元判断锁杆201没有进入工作位置，则控制单元启动加热装置300工作。为了对加热装置300控制得更准确，控制单元对温度传感器采集的温度进行判断，如果改温度低于预设值，则先判断锁杆201能否进入正常工作位置，如果不能则启动加热装置300进行加热，如果锁杆201能够进入正常工作位置，则无需启动加热装置300。
本申请还提供了一种机动车辆，包括上述的一种充电装置加热结构。
虽然已经通过例子对本申请的一些特定实施例进行了详细说明，但是本领域的技术人员应该理解，以上例子仅是为了进行说明，而不是为了限制本申请的范围。本领域的 技术人员应该理解，可在不脱离本申请的范围和精神的情况下，对以上实施例进行修改。本申请的范围由所附权利要求来限定。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种充电装置加热结构，其特征在于：包括充电插座、电子锁和加热装置，所述电子锁上具有锁杆，所述充电插座上具有用于所述锁杆插入的锁孔，所述加热装置设置在所述电子锁内或者充电插座内，所述加热装置用于加热所述锁杆或所述锁孔。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种充电装置加热结构，其特征在于：所述电子锁内设置有容纳所述锁杆的腔体，所述加热装置设置在所述腔体的内壁上或所述锁孔内，所述锁杆伸出时通过所述加热装置，所述锁杆与所述加热装置之间具有间隙。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种充电装置加热结构，其特征在于：所述电子锁内设置有与所述锁杆同心的筒状结构，所述锁杆位于所述筒状结构内，所述加热装置设置在所述筒状结构的外壁上。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种充电装置加热结构，其特征在于：所述充电插座上设置套管，所述锁孔设置在所述套管中，所述加热装置设置在所述套管的外壁上。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种充电装置加热结构，其特征在于：所述加热装置包括加热元件，所述加热元件为半导体加热器或电阻加热器或导电线圈。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种充电装置加热结构，其特征在于，所述加热元件与车载电池电性连接。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的一种充电装置加热结构，其特征在于：所述导电线圈为导线缠绕形成的螺旋状导电线圈，所述螺旋状导电线圈的螺距为所述导线直径的1倍-3倍。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种充电装置加热结构，其特征在于：所述螺旋状导电线圈为多层重叠设置。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的一种充电装置加热结构，其特征在于：所述充电插座内设置有与所述锁孔同心的筒状体，所述锁杆至少部分位于所述筒状体内，所述导电线圈围绕所述筒状体的外壁。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的一种充电装置加热结构，其特征在于：所述锁杆的材质为非金属材质，所述筒状体的材质为导体。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的一种充电装置加热结构，其特征在于：所述加热装置的升温速率不小于5℃/min。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的一种充电装置加热结构，其特征在于：还包括控制单元和用于测量所述锁杆或所述锁孔温度的温度传感器，所述温度传感器及所述加热装置分别与所述控制单元电连接。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的一种充电装置加热结构，其特征在于：还包括锁杆位置传感器，所述锁杆位置传感器及所述加热装置分别与所述控制单元电连接。
  14. 一种机动车辆，其特征在于：包括如权利要求1-13任一项的所述的一种充电装置加热结构。
PCT/CN2023/124187 2022-10-13 2023-10-12 一种充电装置加热结构及一种机动车辆 Ceased WO2024078564A1 (zh)

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