WO2024075392A1 - Dispositif électrique - Google Patents

Dispositif électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024075392A1
WO2024075392A1 PCT/JP2023/029028 JP2023029028W WO2024075392A1 WO 2024075392 A1 WO2024075392 A1 WO 2024075392A1 JP 2023029028 W JP2023029028 W JP 2023029028W WO 2024075392 A1 WO2024075392 A1 WO 2024075392A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrical
electrical device
inner frame
internal space
outer frame
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2023/029028
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
勇一郎 吉武
順平 楠川
央 上妻
良一 高畑
欣也 中津
Original Assignee
株式会社日立製作所
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 株式会社日立製作所 filed Critical 株式会社日立製作所
Publication of WO2024075392A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024075392A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
    • H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
    • H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
    • H01L23/36—Selection of materials, or shaping, to facilitate cooling or heating, e.g. heatsinks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
    • H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
    • H01L23/46—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements involving the transfer of heat by flowing fluids
    • H01L23/473—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements involving the transfer of heat by flowing fluids by flowing liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
    • H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to electrical equipment.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a power conversion device that can withstand environmental conditions such as corrosion and temperature changes, and has a cooling structure with excellent heat dissipation and reliability, in which switching elements and a control unit housed in a housing are provided with a refrigerant passage that forcibly circulates a liquid refrigerant to exchange heat.
  • Patent Document 2 discloses a PCU (Power Control Unit) mounted on a hybrid vehicle in which a capacitor and an inverter are housed in a case body, and a wave structure is provided on at least a portion of the wall of the case body to prevent vibrations generated in the capacitor from being transmitted to the vehicle body, and a capacitor element is integrally provided with the case body via a resin mold and a resin case, so that heat generated in the capacitor element is actively dissipated via the case body to the cooling water flowing in the cooling water passage, improving cooling efficiency.
  • a PCU Power Control Unit
  • Patent documents 1 and 2 disclose a configuration for cooling electrical components housed in a case.
  • cooling is an important issue, but other issues include discharges in low pressure, condensation and icing due to sudden changes in outside temperature, and lightning resistance.
  • the purpose of this disclosure is to maintain the strength of electrical equipment, reduce temperature changes in the internal space of the electrical equipment even if the temperature around the electrical equipment changes suddenly, and prevent condensation on the inner wall surfaces that form the internal space.
  • the electrical device disclosed herein comprises an electrical component, an electrical component support, an outer frame, and an inner frame, an internal space is formed between the electrical component support and the inner frame, the electrical component is installed in the internal space, and a heat insulating layer is provided between the outer frame and the inner frame.
  • the strength of the electrical equipment can be maintained, and even if the temperature around the electrical equipment changes suddenly, the temperature change in the internal space of the electrical equipment can be reduced, and condensation can be prevented on the inner wall surface that defines the internal space.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an electrical device according to a first embodiment.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an electrical device according to a second embodiment.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an electric device according to a modified example of the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an electrical device according to a third embodiment.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an electric device according to a modified example of the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an electrical device according to a fourth embodiment.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an electrical device according to a fifth embodiment.
  • electrical devices and electronic devices that use electricity as an energy source are collectively referred to as “electrical devices.” Electrical devices also include power conversion devices.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an electrical device according to the first embodiment.
  • the electrical device shown in this diagram is a power conversion device with a liquid cooling mechanism.
  • the power conversion device includes a switching element 1, a substrate 2, a substrate support 21, a heat conductive member 22, an outer frame 90, an inner frame 91, and a heat insulating layer 92.
  • the substrate support section 21 is provided with a liquid flow path 8.
  • the substrate support section 21 is provided with a substrate 2 and a heat conductive member 22.
  • the switching element 1 is arranged so as to be in contact with the heat conductive member 22.
  • the insulating layer 92 is provided between the outer frame 90 and the inner frame 91. These are fixed to the board support part 21 so as to cover the switching element 1, the board 2, and the heat conductive member 22. This forms an internal space between the board support part 21 and the inner frame 91. The internal space is completely sealed to prevent air from entering or leaving from the outside.
  • the switching element 1, the board 2, and the heat conductive member 22 are configured so as not to come into contact with the inner frame 91. Dry air, etc. is sealed in the internal space.
  • the switching element 1 includes a MOSFET (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor) or a power module.
  • the substrate support 21 is made of metal.
  • components that function when electricity is passed through them, such as the switching element 1, are collectively referred to as "electrical components.”
  • the outer frame 90 is made of a metal such as an aluminum alloy or stainless steel, and provides strength as a cover for the switching element 1.
  • the thickness of the outer frame 90 depends on the material, but is preferably about 2 to 3 mm.
  • the inner frame 91 is made of a relatively lightweight material, such as polymethyl methacrylate (acrylic resin), resin such as polypropylene, fiber reinforced plastic (FRP), carbon, paper, wood, or a honeycomb structure material made of any of these.
  • the insulating layer 92 may be a vacuum maintained, may be filled with a gas such as dry air, or may be filled with a solid insulating material. If a solid insulating material is used, a lightweight insulating material is preferable, and foamed resins such as polyurethane, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, and silicone are suitable. Vacuum insulating materials with a core material such as glass wool or silica powder are also preferable. Note that the materials of the insulating layer 92 are not limited to these.
  • the three-layer structure of the outer frame 90, insulating layer 92, and inner frame 91 maintains strength and can slow down temperature changes in the internal space of the power conversion device even if the temperature around the power conversion device changes suddenly, resulting in small temperature changes. In addition, dry air, etc. is sealed in the internal space, so there is almost no water vapor. This prevents condensation from forming on the inner frame 91. Furthermore, this three-layer structure makes it possible to obtain a relatively lightweight and highly strong insulating structure.
  • the contact area between the substrate support 21 and the heat conductive member 22, and the contact area between the switching element 1 and the heat conductive member 22, are sufficiently large so that the heat generated in the switching element 1 can be sufficiently removed.
  • the liquid flow path 8 of the substrate support 21 is arranged so that the liquid flowing through the liquid flow path 8 can sufficiently remove heat from the heat conductive member 22.
  • liquid flowing through the liquid flow path 8 include water, mineral oil, fluorocarbon-based coolant, vegetable oil, etc. Note that in this specification, cooling of a power conversion device, etc.
  • the cooling mechanism of the electrical device is not limited to this, and may be a gas such as air, a refrigerant that undergoes a phase change, etc. Specifically, it may be a forced air cooling or a heat pipe.
  • the substrate support section 21 having the liquid flow path 8 is preferably at ground potential.
  • the substrate support section 21 is preferably made of an aluminum alloy, stainless steel, copper alloy, or other metal.
  • the partial discharge inception voltage is significantly lower than under atmospheric pressure. Therefore, it is necessary to use a solid or liquid with a partial discharge inception voltage about 10 times higher than that of air on the surface to which the voltage is applied and the surface that is grounded.
  • a solid insulating material such as silicone. This makes it difficult for partial discharges to occur under low pressure.
  • suitable solid insulating materials include polyphenylene sulfide resin (PPS), epoxy resin, and unsaturated polyester.
  • FIG. 2A is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an electrical device according to Example 2.
  • a vent filter 99 (adjustment valve) is provided on the inner frame 91.
  • Volatile gases may be generated from the switching element 1, substrate 2, etc., enclosed in the internal space due to a rise in temperature caused by heat generation from the switching element 1, etc. Such volatile gases may increase the pressure in the internal space.
  • the vent filter 99 has the function of releasing the gas in the internal space into the insulating layer 92, thereby mitigating the pressure increase.
  • FIG. 2B is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an electric device according to a modified example.
  • the vent filter 99 penetrates the outer frame 90, the insulating layer 92, and the inner frame 91.
  • a dehumidifying material such as silica gel
  • the dehumidifying material can prevent outside air containing water vapor from flowing into the internal space.
  • a vent filter 99 is necessary depends on the properties of the parts installed in the internal space. For example, if an electrolytic capacitor (not shown) is installed in the power conversion device, the vent filter 99 may be necessary. Note that if a ceramic capacitor or film capacitor is used instead of an electrolytic capacitor, the vent filter 99 may not be necessary.
  • small holes may be provided in the outer frame 90 and inner frame 91 for venting purposes to ensure the integrity of the inside of the power conversion device.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an electrical device according to the third embodiment.
  • an air layer 93 is provided between the outer frame 90 and the inner frame 91, instead of the insulating layer 92 in the first embodiment. From the standpoint of cost and insulation, it is preferable that the air layer 93 contains approximately 80% nitrogen and approximately 20% oxygen, which are components of normal air.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an electric device according to a modified example of the third embodiment.
  • a vacuum layer 94 is provided between an outer frame 90 and an inner frame 91.
  • the air pressure inside the vacuum layer 94 is preferably 1 Pa or less, more preferably 10 ⁇ 1 Pa or less, and even more preferably 10 ⁇ 3 Pa or less.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an electrical device according to Example 4.
  • a lightweight insulating material 95 is provided between the outer frame 90 and the inner frame 91.
  • suitable lightweight insulating materials 95 include foamed resins such as polyurethane, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, and silicone. Vacuum insulating materials with a core material such as glass wool or silica powder are also desirable.
  • the lightweight insulating material 95 is not limited to these.
  • temperature sensors 41 are provided on the outer surface of the outer frame 90 and on the inner space side of the inner frame 91. This makes it possible to obtain internal and external temperature data and control the adjustment of parameters that contribute to cooling, such as the flow rate of liquid flowing through the liquid flow path 8, in response to temperature changes. In this case, it is desirable to prevent temperature changes in the internal space as much as possible.
  • the ambient temperature of the electrical device of this embodiment when the ambient temperature of the electrical device of this embodiment is high, it is considered that the temperature of the internal space when the electrical device is in use will be high, and in this case, the flow rate flowing through the liquid flow path 8 is increased to improve cooling performance.
  • the ambient temperature when the ambient temperature is changed from a high state to a state where the ambient temperature is low, for example, when moving into the sky or underwater (seawater), the heat in the internal space is also removed from the surface of the outer frame 90. In this case, if water vapor is contained in the internal space, there is a risk of condensation forming on the internal space side of the inner frame 91 due to the sudden temperature change.
  • the lightweight insulation material 95 and adjusting the flow rate flowing through the liquid flow path 8 it is possible to prevent condensation from forming and prevent breakdowns of the electrical device due to leakage current, etc.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an electrical device according to a fifth embodiment.
  • bus bar 48 is used for electrical connection to the outside, and a BNC connector 49 (Bayonet Neill-Concelman connector) is provided to facilitate the connection process.
  • BNC connector 49 Boyonet Neill-Concelman connector
  • the electrical device has the board 2, the board support part 21, and the thermally conductive member 22, but the electrical device according to the present disclosure does not necessarily have these components, and may have a member that supports the electrical components instead of the board support part 21.
  • An internal space may be formed between the member and the inner frame 91.
  • the board support part 21 and the member are collectively referred to as the "electrical component support part.”
  • the electrical equipment disclosed herein can also be applied to mobility in general, including aircraft, transportation equipment, and construction machinery.
  • the outer frame is made of a metallic material
  • the inner frame is made of a non-metallic material.
  • the insulation layer is composed of foamed resin containing one or more of polyurethane, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, and silicone, or vacuum insulation material containing one or more of glass wool and silica powder as a core material.
  • the inner frame is made of a material containing one or more of the following: resin including one or more of polymethyl methacrylate and polypropylene, fiber-reinforced plastic, carbon, paper, and wood, or a honeycomb structural material containing one or more of these.
  • the outer frame includes one or more of an aluminum alloy and stainless steel.
  • the electrical component support section is provided with a liquid flow path.
  • Temperature sensors are placed on the outer surface of the outer frame and on the inner space side of the inner frame, and are configured to obtain temperature data on the outside and the inner space of the outer frame and to control the adjustment of parameters that contribute to cooling, including the flow rate of liquid flowing through the liquid flow path.
  • All or part of the electrical components are covered with solid insulating material.
  • the outer frame By forming the outer frame from metal, it is possible to prevent components made of organic matter from catching fire due to lightning, and also to prevent overcurrent from occurring in electrical components. It can also absorb noise.
  • Insulating the equipment makes it easier to control the temperature inside.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif électrique qui comprend un composant électrique, un support de composant électrique, un cadre extérieur et un cadre intérieur, un espace interne étant formé entre le support de composant électrique et le cadre intérieur, le composant électrique étant installé dans l'espace interne et une couche d'isolation thermique étant disposée entre le cadre extérieur et le cadre intérieur. Par conséquent, la résistance du dispositif électrique est conservée, et même si la température autour du dispositif électrique change soudainement, le changement de température dans l'espace interne du dispositif électrique peut être réduit et la condensation sur les parois internes qui forment l'espace interne peut être évitée.
PCT/JP2023/029028 2022-10-06 2023-08-09 Dispositif électrique WO2024075392A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2022161658A JP2024055057A (ja) 2022-10-06 2022-10-06 電気機器
JP2022-161658 2022-10-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2024075392A1 true WO2024075392A1 (fr) 2024-04-11

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PCT/JP2023/029028 WO2024075392A1 (fr) 2022-10-06 2023-08-09 Dispositif électrique

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JP (1) JP2024055057A (fr)
WO (1) WO2024075392A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005071824A1 (fr) * 2004-01-26 2005-08-04 Hitachi, Ltd. Dispositif a semi-conducteur
JP2017212286A (ja) * 2016-05-24 2017-11-30 ローム株式会社 インテリジェントパワーモジュール、電気自動車またはハイブリッドカー、およびインテリジェントパワーモジュールの組み立て方法
WO2019044832A1 (fr) * 2017-08-30 2019-03-07 株式会社日立製作所 Dispositif et procédé de conversion de courant

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005071824A1 (fr) * 2004-01-26 2005-08-04 Hitachi, Ltd. Dispositif a semi-conducteur
JP2017212286A (ja) * 2016-05-24 2017-11-30 ローム株式会社 インテリジェントパワーモジュール、電気自動車またはハイブリッドカー、およびインテリジェントパワーモジュールの組み立て方法
WO2019044832A1 (fr) * 2017-08-30 2019-03-07 株式会社日立製作所 Dispositif et procédé de conversion de courant

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