WO2024072254A1 - Procédé de protection d'édifices de grande hauteur contre les actions sismiques - Google Patents

Procédé de protection d'édifices de grande hauteur contre les actions sismiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024072254A1
WO2024072254A1 PCT/RU2022/000315 RU2022000315W WO2024072254A1 WO 2024072254 A1 WO2024072254 A1 WO 2024072254A1 RU 2022000315 W RU2022000315 W RU 2022000315W WO 2024072254 A1 WO2024072254 A1 WO 2024072254A1
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Prior art keywords
building
liquid
foundation
mass
gap
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PCT/RU2022/000315
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English (en)
Russian (ru)
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Сергей Владимирович СОЛОБОЕВ
Андрей Андреевич БРЫЗГАЛОВ
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Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Энергозапас"
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Priority claimed from RU2022125491A external-priority patent/RU2793482C1/ru
Application filed by Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Энергозапас" filed Critical Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Энергозапас"
Publication of WO2024072254A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024072254A1/fr

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of earthquake-resistant construction, and can be used for seismic protection of high-rise buildings from the influence of kinematic influences in the low frequency range.
  • Seismic resistance is the ability of buildings, structures, dams and roads to withstand earthquakes with minimal damage, http://www.saveplanet.su/nts term 4150.html
  • the first direction is the use of seismic insulation of buildings, which is usually installed in the lower floors.
  • These are various rubber-metal supports of various modifications, with low and high damping, with and without a lead core, using various materials.
  • the second direction is the use of damping (vibration damping), which has been known for a very long time and is constantly being improved.
  • damping vibration damping
  • dampers metal, liquid, there are special alloys with memory, special damping walls, the latest devices, although relatively expensive, are quite effective.
  • all seismic protection systems can be divided into passive and active. Passive systems do not require any control. They automatically respond to seismic vibrations that occur. Active systems register seismic vibrations and act on the building in such a way that stresses in its structures are minimal. Often an active system controls some large mass located inside a building, moving it so as to compensate for external influences.
  • Passive protection systems are often based on the fact that the building is separated from the foundation and is connected to it either by frictional forces only, or by low-stiffness spring connections. Moreover, the lower the coefficient of friction between the foundation and the building itself, the smaller the forces acting on the building. If we assume that there is no friction at all, then with horizontal movements of the foundation (together with the soil), the building will remain motionless, since there are no forces acting on it.
  • the seismic protection method must be ready to protect the building from an earthquake immediately after laying its foundation and until the end of the structure’s operation, i.e. for up to 50 years.
  • the seismic protection method must be universal, i.e. suitable for the construction of a whole complex of structures, including: buildings of various heights; buildings of various (plan) configurations; buildings that differ many times from each other in weight, building materials and construction technologies used to construct the building frame.
  • the seismic protection method should be quite cheap and easy to replicate.
  • the seismic protection method must remain operational after an earthquake has occurred and/or be able to carry out quick repair work to restore its full functionality.
  • the seismic protection method must be guaranteed to protect the building from earthquakes, even in cases where its amplitude exceeds the calculated one, since predicting earthquakes is a very difficult task, and even more so it is almost impossible to predict the maximum amplitude at the site of construction of a building or structure, for example, near (the term near is conditional and extends to hundreds of kilometers) places of natural or man-made sources of geological disasters.
  • the essence of the known passive method of protecting buildings from earthquakes is that the foundation is separated from the mass of the building.
  • the force on the building mass from the side of the earthquake moving along with the surface wave is transmitted only due to the force of friction.
  • the smaller this force the more intact the mass of the building.
  • the magnitude of the friction force is usually determined by the effective coefficient of friction (the effective coefficient of friction is equal to the ratio of the friction force to the weight of the building).
  • seismic isolating supports are installed, each of which is made in the form of a closed, sealed hydraulic volume filled with water, and the closed hydraulic volume of each seismic support is separated from the hydraulic volumes of the remaining seismic supports and the upper part is fixedly connected to the base plate of the building mass. and from below is limited by a smooth Teflon sheet coating on the surface of the top of the foundation base plate.
  • the hydraulic volumes are limited by the clamping parts of the sliding seal. The liquid inside the hydraulic volumes is under such pressure as to hold the entire mass of the building. Note that in the known method, liquid is pumped under operating pressure into hydraulic volumes only after construction is completed. Until this moment, the building mass stands on the walls of the hydraulic volumes and additional supports located inside the hydraulic volumes.
  • the building mass placed on the upper support slab, slides over the smooth surface of the foundation support slab.
  • the sliding seal parts on the sides of the hydraulic volume hold the liquid in the volume and at the same time prevent it from flowing along the smooth coating of the foundation base plate.
  • the effective coefficient of friction with this method consists of the viscous friction of the fluid in the hydraulic volumes and the friction of the sliding seal.
  • additional supports, parts of the sliding seal and springs for its additional compression are placed inside the hydraulic volume, therefore, it is clear that the depth of the hydraulic volume and, accordingly, the thickness of the liquid layer in it are quite large (of the order of several tens of centimeters), and therefore viscous friction there is nothing there.
  • the friction of the sliding seal on the smooth coating of the foundation base plate depends on the specific design, but can also be made quite small, therefore, in the known method it is quite possible to achieve a friction coefficient of the order of 1% or less.
  • the known method of passive seismic protection makes it possible to protect the erected structure during horizontal vibrations of the surface during earthquakes.
  • Teflon greatly increases the cost of construction.
  • the price of Teflon on the market is almost 100 times higher than the price of steel (in terms of unit of volume), so covering the entire area of a building’s foundation with Teflon is a very expensive undertaking.
  • a method of providing passive seismic protection of buildings from destruction during earthquakes is to use a high-pressure liquid, which separates the inertial masses, that is, separates the building mass from the foundation, by creating a cavity filled with liquid, and the cavity is formed by the upper supporting surface of the building mass, the lower upper supporting surface the surface of the foundation and a compensator that seals the volume around the perimeter.
  • the known method suggests organizing a system of channels (water pipelines) in the foundation slabs and base of the building mass, through which the liquid is distributed over almost the entire area of the building.
  • channels water pipelines
  • the slabs come into contact with each other, but when liquid under pressure is supplied into the channels, it appears under the entire surface of the base slab of the building mass and supports the building in the liquid.
  • the fluid is maintained at a pressure equal to the average pressure created by the building mass.
  • the liquid is pumped through a pipeline, the pressure in which is created due to hydrostatics (due to the height of the liquid column).
  • a reserve tank with liquid to compensate for leaks.
  • the known method also refers to passive methods of protecting buildings from earthquakes and its action is also based on the principle of separating the building mass from the foundation, which is inextricably linked to the ground.
  • the known method cannot protect a high-rise building under construction from earthquakes because the reserve tank with liquid at the very top of the pipeline, designed to create hydrostatic pressure and compensate for liquid leaks, must be at a height of about 100 meters. It is this column of water that creates a pressure of about 10 atm, which approximately corresponds to the average design pressure of a high-rise building mass on the ground. That is, until the building reaches a height of 100 meters, a container with liquid cannot be installed, and it is practically the main element of the seismic protection method.
  • the compensator which ensures sealing of the space between the plates along the perimeter, must withstand the operating pressure of the liquid. This is despite the fact that its width must be no less than the predicted amplitude of movement of the foundation during an earthquake. In particular, if the average working pressure under the building should be about 10 atm, then with a calculated amplitude of even 10 cm, the force acting on a linear meter of the length of the compensator will be 10 tons. Accordingly, the compensator materials in the known method, and their number must necessarily include polymers or rubber, will not withstand operation for a long time due to the creep of polymers or aging of rubber. For example, the MSU building in Moscow is almost 70 years old.
  • the force per linear meter of fastening is equal to half of the total force acting on the compensator, that is, 9000 kg (9 tons). It is clear that with such an effective load, it is impossible to repair the compensator without relieving the fluid pressure in the volume.
  • the dimensions of the compensator which ensures the sealing of the space between the slabs along the perimeter, are designed based on the estimated predicted amplitude of movement of the foundation during an earthquake.
  • earthquake amplitudes are extremely difficult to calculate. And no one can guarantee that an earthquake with an amplitude greater than the calculated one will not occur in a given area.
  • the expansion joint in some parts of the building will be collapsed, water will quickly begin to flow out from under the building through channels, the foundation slab and the base plate of the building mass will come into contact (no longer separated) and the friction coefficient will increase to several tens of percent.
  • the existing pipeline will not be able to maintain the fluid pressure under the building because its cross-section (performance) will not be able to provide the required flow, and the reserve capacity of liquid is simply not enough for the entire duration of the earthquake.
  • the well-known patent does not discuss at all the maintainability of the elements that ensure sealing of the space between the slabs along the perimeter, which is necessary for the implementation of the known method. Almost all components and parts that provide the specified sealing are under high pressure and in order to replace or repair something, it is necessary to relieve the pressure, that is, to place the base plate of the building mass on the foundation slab, thereby completely turning off the building’s protection from earthquakes.
  • the building mass is in a state of unstable equilibrium (the point of application of the force from the liquid is located below the center of mass of the building mass) and if there is, for example, an uneven load on the base plate of the building mass or simply a random disturbance, the slab will tilt and will be pressed against the foundation slab, which will unpredictably increase the effective coefficient of friction, and the foundation base slab and the building mass base slab will no longer be completely separated from each other.
  • the patent description talks about reducing the coefficient of friction due to the presence of water at the points of contact of the plates, it is necessary to remember the unevenness of the base plates of the foundation and the mass of the building, which will certainly actually cling to each other.
  • the technical result of the proposed technical solution is to preserve the main advantages of the prototype - providing passive seismic protection of buildings from destruction during earthquakes by separating inertial masses, that is, reliable separation of the building mass from the foundation, by installing between them a volume filled with liquid under pressure, balancing the weight of the mass building, while simultaneously eliminating its specified shortcomings.
  • the specified technical result in the method of passive protection of buildings from horizontal vibrations of the earth's crust during earthquakes including separation of the building mass from the moving supporting part of the foundation located in the earth's crust, by placing between them a sealed volume filled with liquid under excess pressure sufficient to hold the weight of the building, this is achieved by the fact that a liquid with a high coefficient of dynamic viscosity is used as a liquid, and the sealed volume is made in the form of one or several horizontal or close to horizontal gaps, separated by sealing seals into one or more separate sealed volumes located in plan between the building mass and the movable supporting part of the foundation, while the size of the gap exceeds the total height of the unevenness of the foundation support slabs and the building mass forming the gap, by the minimum thickness of the liquid layer that provides the building mass with an effective coefficient of viscous friction sufficient to protect the building from the effects of a seismic wave.
  • the effective coefficient of friction reaches a value of less than 1% even at very small values of the horizontal gap.
  • fuel oil dynamic viscosity 0.064 Pa s
  • the effective friction coefficient becomes less than 1%.
  • the friction coefficient becomes even smaller.
  • the gap in which the sealed volume is made is small, the vertical size of the sealing seal is also small, and the force acting on it from the liquid under high pressure is also negligible. So, for example, at a pressure in the liquid of 10 atm with a gap of less than 10 mm, per linear meter of the sealing seal, the effective force is only a few tens of kilograms, whereas in the prototype the similar force is about 10 tons. Therefore, in the proposed method, if the seals are damaged during an earthquake, it will be possible to easily restore the seal without even reducing the pressure in the liquid.
  • the fluid consumption when the seal of the volume is violated in comparison with the prototype is many times less, due to the fact that the coefficient of dynamic viscosity, for example, of fuel oil is approximately 100 times greater than the viscosity of water, and the gap is at least 10 times smaller than the size of the channels (channel size exceeds the maximum horizontal displacement of the design seismic impact) in the prototype foundation.
  • the flow rate of fuel oil is approximately 10 5 times less than the flow rate of water in the prototype, all other things being equal.
  • each sealed volume with an autonomous pipeline for supplying liquid to it, as well as means for monitoring its pressure and the filling level of the volume. Thanks to the presence of an autonomous pipeline, it is possible to protect the building from the effects of an earthquake for a long time, despite the presence of a local liquid leak.
  • oil of various grades purified from mechanical impurities, or fuel oil of various grades, or glycerin, as a liquid with a high coefficient of dynamic viscosity.
  • These viscous liquids are capable of retaining their properties for a long time (many decades) and, therefore, provide reliable protection of the building from horizontal vibrations of the earth's crust during earthquakes.
  • the inventive method of passive protection of a building thanks to the use of a viscous liquid in a small gap between the mass of the building and the supporting part of the foundation located in the earth's crust, allows not only to eliminate the main disadvantages of the prototype, but also to acquire a number of new additional advantages.
  • the use of a viscous fluid and a small gap between the building mass and the supporting part of the foundation allows the reliability of seismic protection devices to be greatly increased. Even in the event of a violation of the tightness of the volumes, the time required to increase the effective friction coefficient to a value of 1% is very long.
  • the proposed method of protection is universal, since it can be used both to protect high-rise buildings and any structures that require reliable protection from horizontal vibrations of the earth's crust during earthquakes, for example, nuclear power plants.
  • restoring the functioning of the proposed method of protecting a building after an earthquake, in which the tightness of the seal was broken in any area consists simply of restoring the sealing seal, which can be done without reducing the pressure in the liquid in almost any way, up to plugging the gap with tow or a plumbing cable.
  • the proposed technical solution makes it possible to significantly reduce the cost of seismic protection of a building compared to the prototype, since its implementation does not require expensive parts and assemblies made of polymers and rubber.
  • the area of the compensator per linear meter of the perimeter of the building is approximately 0.5 m 2 , which, with a declared thickness of 2 mm (which in our opinion is clearly not enough for long-term operation of polymer materials), is approximately 2.5 kg, whereas in the claimed method, the area of the sealing seal is only 0.01 m 2 weighing about 100 g.
  • expansion joints must have fastening elements for fastening to the foundation and base plate of the building mass (we remind you that the fastening elements, in the above example, must hold 9 tons per linear meter each), whereas the claimed sealing seal can be held in the gap only due to friction against the walls of the gap (the force is only 360 kg per linear meter with a gap of 10 mm).
  • the proposed method remains operational under any conditions, i.e. until the viscous liquid almost completely flows out of the gap. Even if all the seals are broken, liquid flows through them and there are only a few tenths of a millimeter left in the gap, the effective coefficient of friction between the building mass and the supporting part of the foundation will still be less than one percent.
  • the time it takes for liquid to flow out of a volume with a diameter of 100 m is approximately several days. This time is indicated without the use of a secondary supply system for leaked and purified fuel oil back into the depressurized volume. The use of this system can increase the time of passive seismic protection of a building to several months or more.
  • the proposed method makes it possible to significantly expand the capabilities of passive seismic protection of a building due to the separation of the building mass from the moving supporting part of the foundation located in the earth's crust, by a gap divided into one or several volumes using sealing seals filled with a viscous liquid under pressure that holds the building, Moreover, the claimed seismic protection of the building remains operational for a long time even when the volumes are depressurized, which has no analogues among the known methods used to protect buildings from horizontal vibrations of the earth’s crust during earthquakes, which means that the claimed method meets the “inventive step” criterion.
  • Figure 1 shows a drawing explaining the implementation of the proposed method of protecting buildings from horizontal vibrations of the earth's crust during earthquakes, using the separation of the building mass from the movable supporting part of the foundation located in the earth's crust, by placing between them a sealed volume filled with liquid under excess pressure, where: 1 - the soil on which the foundation of building 2 is located; 3 - mass of the building, separated from the foundation by a sealed volume 4 in the form of a gap limited by a sealing seal 5; 6 - spring supports that give stability and keep the building mass from tilting, placed in wells 7.
  • the proportion is violated, and the height of the gap is greatly increased.
  • Figure 2 shows a cross-sectional drawing A-A (see Figure 1), which shows a single sealed volume 4 formed in the slot and limited by a sealing seal 5 with a viscous liquid, as well as wells 7, depicted in the form of squares with crosshairs (spring supports 6, placed in wells 7 are not shown in the figure) against the background of the foundation of building 2.
  • FIG. Figure 3 shows a drawing explaining the implementation of the proposed method of protecting buildings from horizontal vibrations of the earth's crust during earthquakes, using the separation of the building mass from the movable supporting part of the foundation located in the earth's crust, by placing between them several sealed volumes filled with liquid under excess pressure, where: 8 - foundation of the building; 9 - massif of the building, separated from the foundation by sealed volumes 1 Oa - 1 Ov (volume 1 Ov is not visible in Fig. 3, but is shown in section B-B in Fig. 4).
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional drawing B-B (see Fig. 3), in which, on a round foundation 8, three sealed volumes 10a - 10b are presented in the form of circles, formed in a single gap using sealing seals 11 a - 11b and filled with liquid under excess pressure .
  • Figure 5 shows a cross-sectional drawing C-C (see Figure 4), explaining the location on the foundation 8, installed in the earth's crust 13, of sealed volumes 10a and 106, made using sealing seals 11a and 11b in a single gap.
  • FIG. 6 shows a drawing explaining another implementation of the proposed method of protecting buildings from horizontal vibrations of the earth's crust during earthquakes, using the separation of the building mass from the movable supporting part of the foundation located in the earth's crust, by placing between them several sealed volumes, made in several gaps located in one plane, which are separated from each other by a technological passage and filled with liquid under excess pressure, where: 13 - the foundation of the building; 14 - the mass of the building, separated from the foundation by sealed volumes 15a-15g (only 15a and 156 are visible in the figure), while the gaps are formed by the base plate of the foundation 13 and individual slabs 16a-16g (only 16a and 166 are visible in the figure); 17 - ladder for descending into the technological passage.
  • FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional drawing D-D (see Fig. 6), in which on the foundation 13 there are four sealed volumes 15a - 15g, formed in four separate gaps located in the same plane, using sealing seals 19a - 19g and separated from each other by technological passages 18, while the volumes are filled with liquid under excess pressure.
  • Figure 8 shows a cross-sectional drawing E-E (see Figure 7), explaining the structure of the vertical section of the building, which shows the foundation of the building 13 made in the earth's crust 20, on which sealed volumes with liquid 15a and 156 are located with seals 19a and 196 in separate, lying in the same plane, gaps formed by a common base plate of the foundation and separate and the upper plates 16a and 166, on which the mass of the building 14 is located, while the volumes are separated from each other by technological passages 18.
  • FIG. 9 shows a drawing explaining another implementation of the proposed method of protecting buildings from horizontal vibrations of the earth's crust during earthquakes, using the separation of the building mass from the movable supporting part of the foundation located in the earth's crust, by placing between them several sealed volumes made in several gaps located in different parallel planes, which are separated from each other by a technological passage and filled with liquid under excess pressure, where: 21 - the foundation of the building; 22 - the mass of the building, separated from the foundation by sealed volumes 23a-23d (only 23a and 236 are visible in the figure), while the gaps are formed by separate slabs 24a-24d (only 24a and 246 are visible in the figure) lying on the foundation 21 and individual slabs 25a- 25g (only 25a and 256 are visible in the figure), adjacent to the mass of building 22; 26 - ladder for descending into technological passage 27.
  • FIG. 10 shows a cross-sectional drawing F-F (see Fig. 9), in which the foundation plan shows four sealed volumes 23a - 23d, formed in four separate gaps located in two parallel planes (23a and 23d in the same plane, and 236 and 23c - in the other, see Fig.9), using sealing seals 28a - 28g and separated from each other by technological passages 27, and the volumes are filled with liquid under excess pressure.
  • FIG. 11 shows a cross-sectional drawing G-G (see Fig. 10), explaining the structure of the vertical section of the building, which shows the multi-level foundation of the building 21 made in the earth's crust 29, on which sealed volumes with liquid 23a and 236 are located, made using seals 28a and 286 installed on the perimeter of the gaps formed by individual slabs 24a-246 adjacent to the foundation 21 and individual slabs 25a-25b adjacent to the mass of the building 22.
  • FIG. 12 shows a cross-sectional drawing of a separate module, which is a sealed volume with liquid, which can be manufactured in a factory and delivered to the construction site. Such modules can be laid between the foundation of the building and its mass.
  • the module is a sealed volume 31 filled with a viscous liquid, which is made in the gap between the lower plate 30 and the upper 33, and is limited along the perimeter by a hermetically sealed seal 32.
  • FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional drawing of the upgraded individual module shown in FIG. 12.
  • the module additionally includes a liquid collection device 37 in case of leakage when the seal 36 is broken.
  • the figure on the left shows the location of the seal failure in section 36a and, as a consequence, the leakage of liquid from the volume 35 formed in the gap between the plates 34 and 38.
  • the liquid flows into device 37a, which is a waste channel around the perimeter of the module for collecting and recycling liquid in cases of leakage of volume 35.
  • FIG. 14 shows a cross-sectional drawing of a modernized separate module, which consists of several (two are shown in the figure) sealed volumes with liquid with a common central channel for collecting liquid, which can be manufactured in a factory and delivered to the construction site.
  • the module includes: lower and upper concrete slabs 39 and 46 in the gap between which there are two sealed volumes with liquid 40 and 41, limited by two seals 42 and 43, while in areas of seals 42a and 43a there is no leakage, and in areas 426 and 436 there are cracks through which the liquid is baked.
  • Through channels 44 organized around the perimeter of the module, as well as through the central common channel 45, the liquid is collected for reuse.
  • FIG. 15 shows a simplified block diagram of one of the options for implementing the recycling of liquid flowing from the volume 50 formed in the gap between the lower and upper plates 47 and 48 and limited along the perimeter by the seal 49.
  • section 49a the seal is damaged and the liquid flows into channel 51.
  • the liquid flows through channels 51 to a section of the channel 51a (it is located below all other sections on the perimeter), where the intake pipe 52 is located, through which the liquid enters the filter 53 using a pump 54.
  • shut-off valves 55 and 56 To measure the pressure in the sealed volume 50, to measure leakage liquid and its replenishment, use a pressure gauge 57, a supply pipe 58 and shut-off valves 55 and 56 (the shut-off valves are shown in the figure conditionally to simplify the understanding of the processes occurring in the block diagram, and the number of units and types of real pipe fittings can be significantly greater compared to shown in the figure).
  • FIG. 16 shows a drawing of a fragment of the cross-section of a separate module, which is a sealed volume with liquid, where: 59 - the bottom plate of the module adjacent to the foundation (the foundation is not shown); 60 - upper plate of the module adjacent to the building mass (the building mass is not shown); 61 - a sealed volume filled with a viscous liquid, which is made in the gap between the lower plate 59 and the upper 60, and is limited around the perimeter by a hermetic seal 62.
  • the left side of the figure shows: D1 - the absolute value of the roughness of the lower surface of the upper plate 60; D2 is the absolute value of the roughness of the upper surface of the lower plate 59; - the value of the minimum thickness of the liquid layer that provides the building mass with the value of the effective coefficient of viscous friction necessary to protect the building from the effects of a seismic wave; S is the total thickness of the gap of the sealed volume of liquid.
  • spring supports 6 along the perimeter of the building, for example, placed in wells 7. They will give the building mass stability.
  • the design of spring supports can be any. In this case, given as an example, a traditional coil spring
  • a foundation 2 is laid in the ground 1. If the dimensions of the building in plan are not large, then a sealing seal 5 is installed on the upper supporting surface of the foundation 2, and spring supports 6 are installed in the wells 7, giving stability and keeping the building mass from tilting. A viscous liquid is poured into the sealed space 4 thus formed. From above it is closed by the base slab of the mass of building 3 (the slab in the figure is conventionally made integral with the mass of the building). The sealed volume thus obtained in plan has a size smaller than the size of the foundation by the amount of the predicted earthquake amplitude. This is done so that the tightness of the volume is not broken during an earthquake.
  • the amplitudes of predicted earthquakes are extremely difficult to calculate. And no one can guarantee that an earthquake with an amplitude greater than the calculated one will not occur in a given area. In this case, the tightness of the volume will be broken and the liquid will begin to flow out through the resulting gap. But, as mentioned above, the size of the gap is not large, and the liquid in the gap is viscous, so it will flow out of the volume for a very long time and there will always be some fairly thick layer in the gap, which will protect the building for even several days. In addition, the figure shows that the damaged seal has external access and can be restored using the simplest means, for example, temporarily caulking it with a plumber’s caulk.
  • the figure shows a variant with three sealed volumes 10a-10b. It is known that the position of a plane in space is uniquely determined by three points; in this case, the presence of three sealed volumes makes the position of the building mass in space stable. This option does not require additional spring supports, unlike the previous option. Sealed volumes do not have to be round as in Fig.4. Their shape can be arbitrary, but the number must be at least three. If there are only two sealed volumes, then in the direction perpendicular to the line passing through both volumes, the building will be in unstable equilibrium, which means that additional spring supports will be required in this direction.
  • This implementation of the method allows, firstly, to simplify the building construction process due to the fact that the volumes on top are limited to individual slabs, the size of which is half the size and they are easier to install and transport to the construction site.
  • the foundation area is divided by technological passages 27 into four separate platforms, on which the lower slabs 24a-24g are laid, which, together with the upper individual slabs 25a-25g and the sealing seal 28a-28g (see Fig. 10), form four separate sealed volumes 23a-23g , i.e. four independent modules.
  • the number of planes of different heights on the foundation can be significantly more than two.
  • technological passages 27 are made, to which stairs 26 lead.
  • the method for calculating seismic protection in the proposed method consists of the following operations:
  • the minimum permissible gap value is calculated.
  • the minimum size (in plan) of a single sealed volume is calculated.
  • FIG. 12 shows a cross-sectional drawing of a separate module, which is a sealed volume with liquid, which can be manufactured in a factory and delivered to the construction site as a component item.
  • modules can be laid on the foundation, and on the top slabs of such modules the base plate of the building mass and then the building itself can be assembled.
  • the module is a sealed volume 31 filled with a viscous liquid, which is made in the gap between the bottom plate 30 and the top 33, and is limited around the perimeter by a hermetic seal 32.
  • the pressure in the liquid is minimal (it supports only the top plate of the module), but As construction progresses and, accordingly, the load on the module increases, the pressure in the liquid will rise up to the calculated value. In this case, there will be no changes in the dimensions of the module, since the liquid is practically incompressible.
  • the module additionally includes a liquid collection device 37 in case of leakage when the seal 36 is broken.
  • the figure on the left shows the location of the seal failure in section 36a and, as a consequence, the leakage of liquid from the volume 35 formed in the gap between plates 34 and 38. Liquid flows into liquid collection device 37 at section 37a.
  • Device 37 is a drain channel around the perimeter of the module for collecting and recycling liquid in cases of failure of the seal of volume 35.
  • FIG. 14 shows a cross-sectional drawing of a modernized separate module, which consists of several (two are shown in the figure) sealed volumes with liquid with a common central channel for collecting liquid, which can be manufactured in a factory and delivered to the construction site.
  • the module includes: lower and upper concrete slabs 39 and 46, in the gap between which there are two sealed volumes with liquid 40 and 41, limited by two seals 42 and 43, while in areas of seals 42a and 43a there is no leakage, and in areas 426 and 436 there are cracks through which liquid flows out.
  • Through channels 44 organized around the perimeter of the module, as well as through the central common channel 45, the liquid is collected for reuse.
  • the channels for collecting the flowing liquid are formed not only by individual parts made, for example, of metal, but are also formed directly in the lower concrete slab.
  • FIG. 15 shows the logical development of the module implementation with the collection of leaking liquid in the form of a simplified block diagram of a system for recycling the leaking liquid.
  • the leaked liquid flows into the liquid collection device 51 and is collected in the area 51a located below the rest.
  • the collected liquid is taken through pipeline 52 by pump 54, while it first passes through filter 53 (where it is cleaned of impurities and dust) and prepared for reuse.
  • the presence of shut-off valves and a pressure gauge allows you to estimate the amount of leakage liquid according to the time of pressure drop in volume 50.
  • the shut-off valves are shown conventionally to simplify the understanding of the processes occurring in the block diagram, and the number of units and types of real pipe fittings can be significantly greater than those shown in the figure.
  • FIG. 16 shows a drawing of a fragment of a section of a separate module, which makes it possible to explain the essence of the method and the basis for choosing the size of the gap between the lower plate 59 and the upper 60 when designing a sealed volume 61 in the proposed method.
  • the figure shows on an enlarged scale the unevenness (roughness) of the surfaces forming the gap: D1 - absolute value of the roughness of the upper surface of the gap (slab 60); D2 is the absolute value of the roughness of the bottom surface of the gap (plate 59).
  • the gap S (see Fig. 16) must be greater than the sum of these two values, otherwise the irregularities of the plates will cling to each other and form a large uncontrolled effective coefficient of friction.
  • the effective coefficient of friction is the ratio of the force of viscous friction per unit surface area of the base plate of the building mass to the average pressure of the building on the ground:
  • the force of viscous friction per unit surface area is determined by the formula:
  • az the coefficient of dynamic viscosity of the liquid
  • let’s take fuel oil as a viscous liquid.
  • the coefficient of dynamic viscosity az is about Sha c.
  • the displacement speed of the foundation together with the soil V during an earthquake is about 1 m/s.
  • the surface of untreated concrete structures always has unevenness.
  • the regulatory technical documentation specifies five categories of concrete surface quality from AZ to A7.
  • the volume of liquid under the foundation of a building is determined from geometric considerations:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte au domaine de la construction parasismique et peut être utilisée pour la protection sismique d'édifices de grande hauteur contre les effets d'une action cinématique dans la plage des basses fréquences. L'invention concerne un procédé de protection passive de bâtiments contre des oscillations horizontales de la croûte terrestre lors de tremblements de terre, qui consiste à séparer un corps du bâtiment de la partie de support mobile des fondations située dans la croûte terrestre en disposant entre ces derniers un volume étanche rempli de liquide à une pression excédentaire suffisante pour supporter le poids du bâtiment. L'invention est caractérisée en ce que le liquide consiste en un liquide ayant un coefficient de viscosité dynamique élevé, tandis que le volume étanche se présente sous forme d'un ou plusieurs jours horizontaux ou proches de l'horizontale divisés par des joints d'étanchéité en un ou plusieurs volumes étanches distincts situés dans un plan entre le corps du bâtiment et la partie de support mobile des fondations; la taille du jour est supérieure à la hauteur globale des irrégularités des plaques de support des fondations et du corps du bâtiment formant le jour, d'une valeur correspondant à l'épaisseur minimale de la couche de liquide conférant au corps du bâtiment une valeur de coefficient efficace de frottement visqueux suffisante pour protéger le bâtiment contre l'action d'une onde sismique.
PCT/RU2022/000315 2022-09-29 2022-10-19 Procédé de protection d'édifices de grande hauteur contre les actions sismiques WO2024072254A1 (fr)

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RU2022125491A RU2793482C1 (ru) 2022-09-29 Способ защиты высотных сооружений от сейсмических воздействий
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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0139541A2 (fr) * 1983-10-27 1985-05-02 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Isolateur sismique
SU1467455A1 (ru) * 1987-04-20 1989-03-23 Рижский политехнический институт им.А.Я.Пельше Способ определени силы сухого трени и коэффициента в зкого трени в колебательной системе
SU1507943A1 (ru) * 1987-10-28 1989-09-15 Центральный Научно-Исследовательский Институт Строительных Конструкций Им.В.А.Кучеренко Многоэтажное сейсмостойкое здание
RU2072406C1 (ru) * 1993-02-02 1997-01-27 Санельников Виктор Степанович Амортизирующее устройство для защиты объектов от сейсмических воздействий
RU2388869C2 (ru) * 2007-10-29 2010-05-10 Учреждение Российской академии наук Центр геофизических исследований Владикавказского научного центра РАН и Правительства Республики Северная Осетия - Алания (ЦГИ ВНЦ РАН и РСО-А) Сейсмоизолирующий фундамент и способ возведения здания на нем
RU2622279C1 (ru) * 2016-05-19 2017-06-13 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Санкт-Петербургский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет" Способ защиты фундаментов зданий, сооружений от динамических воздействий в грунте и устройство для его осуществления

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0139541A2 (fr) * 1983-10-27 1985-05-02 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Isolateur sismique
SU1467455A1 (ru) * 1987-04-20 1989-03-23 Рижский политехнический институт им.А.Я.Пельше Способ определени силы сухого трени и коэффициента в зкого трени в колебательной системе
SU1507943A1 (ru) * 1987-10-28 1989-09-15 Центральный Научно-Исследовательский Институт Строительных Конструкций Им.В.А.Кучеренко Многоэтажное сейсмостойкое здание
RU2072406C1 (ru) * 1993-02-02 1997-01-27 Санельников Виктор Степанович Амортизирующее устройство для защиты объектов от сейсмических воздействий
RU2388869C2 (ru) * 2007-10-29 2010-05-10 Учреждение Российской академии наук Центр геофизических исследований Владикавказского научного центра РАН и Правительства Республики Северная Осетия - Алания (ЦГИ ВНЦ РАН и РСО-А) Сейсмоизолирующий фундамент и способ возведения здания на нем
RU2622279C1 (ru) * 2016-05-19 2017-06-13 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Санкт-Петербургский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет" Способ защиты фундаментов зданий, сооружений от динамических воздействий в грунте и устройство для его осуществления

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