WO2024072254A1

WO2024072254A1 - Method for protecting tall structures against seismic effects

Info

Publication number: WO2024072254A1
Application number: PCT/RU2022/000315
Authority: WO
Inventors: Сергей Владимирович СОЛОБОЕВ; Андрей Андреевич БРЫЗГАЛОВ
Original assignee: Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Энергозапас"
Priority date: 2022-09-29
Filing date: 2022-10-19
Publication date: 2024-04-04

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of earthquake-resistant construction and can be used for earthquake-proofing tall structures against kinematic effects in a low-frequency range. Claimed is a method for passively protecting buildings against horizontal vibrations of the Earth's crust in the event of earthquakes, which includes separating the body of a building from a movable supporting part of a foundation, disposed in the Earth's crust, by creating a hermetically sealed space therebetween which is filled with a fluid under a positive pressure sufficient to hold the weight of the building. What is novel is that the fluid used is a fluid which has a high coefficient of dynamic viscosity, and the hermetically sealed space is configured in the form of one or a number of horizontal or near-horizontal gaps divided by seals into one or a number of hermetically sealed spaces arranged in plan between the body of the building and the movable supporting part of the foundation, wherein the size of a gap exceeds the total height of any roughness of the load-bearing slabs of the foundation and the body of the building, which delimit said gap, by the amount of the minimum fluid layer thickness required to give the body of the building an effective viscous damping coefficient sufficient to protect the building against the effect of a seismic wave.

Description

Method for protecting high-rise structures from seismic influences

The invention relates to the field of earthquake-resistant construction, and can be used for seismic protection of high-rise buildings from the influence of kinematic influences in the low frequency range.

Prior Art

As populations grow and cities become denser, the need for innovative construction solutions increases. Megacities are becoming oversaturated, and the lack of space is forcing the height of buildings to increase. Currently, buildings in cities with a height of 20-30 floors are already considered the norm, even in Siberia, where, it would seem, there are no problems with free space. At the same time, many territories on the globe experience relatively regular and quite powerful seismic impacts, leading to tragic consequences. There are many examples of this, especially recently. In this regard, there is a need to build earthquake-resistant buildings and structures in areas of possible earthquakes.

Seismic resistance is the ability of buildings, structures, dams and roads to withstand earthquakes with minimal damage, http://www.saveplanet.su/nts term 4150.html

The very first way to protect against earthquakes that comes to mind is to increase the bending strength of high-rise buildings. However, this solution is too expensive, as it requires a large number of metal structures that increase the tensile strength of the building. Metal is needed because most building materials, such as concrete, brick or mortar, have extremely low tensile strength. Therefore, the design of high-rise buildings always includes elements that increase the tensile strength of the entire structure.

For example, in the article “Seismic resistance of buildings. Help" https://ria.ru/20110311 /344900842.html it is indicated that prefabricated reinforced concrete floors are monolithic both in the horizontal plane and with vertical load-bearing structures. To connect with the frame elements, reinforcement outlets or embedded parts are provided in the panels (slabs). Partitions made of brick or stone are reinforced along the entire length at least every 700 mm in height with rods with a total cross-section in the joint of at least 0.2 square meters. cm.

It also says that various seismic protection systems are being developed around the world. The following trends in seismic protection are observed.

The first direction is the use of seismic insulation of buildings, which is usually installed in the lower floors. These are various rubber-metal supports of various modifications, with low and high damping, with and without a lead core, using various materials. There are also pendulum-type friction sliding supports. Both types of supports are used very widely in the world.

The second direction is the use of damping (vibration damping), which has been known for a very long time and is constantly being improved. For high-rise construction, as a rule, a combination is used: seismic insulation is placed in the lower floor, and damping is installed along the height of the building. Now manufacturers offer a wide variety of dampers: metal, liquid, there are special alloys with memory, special damping walls, the latest devices, although relatively expensive, are quite effective.

According to the method of application, all seismic protection systems can be divided into passive and active. Passive systems do not require any control. They automatically respond to seismic vibrations that occur. Active systems register seismic vibrations and act on the building in such a way that stresses in its structures are minimal. Often an active system controls some large mass located inside a building, moving it so as to compensate for external influences.

Passive protection systems are often based on the fact that the building is separated from the foundation and is connected to it either by frictional forces only, or by low-stiffness spring connections. Moreover, the lower the coefficient of friction between the foundation and the building itself, the smaller the forces acting on the building. If we assume that there is no friction at all, then with horizontal movements of the foundation (together with the soil), the building will remain motionless, since there are no forces acting on it.

Based on the above, it is possible to formulate a number of strict requirements that must be presented to seismic protection methods.

Firstly, all high-rise buildings, the construction of which can continue for several years, must, at a minimum, be equipped with a method of passive seismic protection that can protect the building under construction from destruction, because all methods of active seismic protection begin to work only after the completion of construction work.

Secondly, the seismic protection method must be ready to protect the building from an earthquake immediately after laying its foundation and until the end of the structure’s operation, i.e. for up to 50 years.

Thirdly, the seismic protection method must be universal, i.e. suitable for the construction of a whole complex of structures, including: buildings of various heights; buildings of various (plan) configurations; buildings that differ many times from each other in weight, building materials and construction technologies used to construct the building frame.

Fourthly, the seismic protection method should be quite cheap and easy to replicate.

Fifthly, the seismic protection method must remain operational after an earthquake has occurred and/or be able to carry out quick repair work to restore its full functionality.

Sixthly, the seismic protection method must be guaranteed to protect the building from earthquakes, even in cases where its amplitude exceeds the calculated one, since predicting earthquakes is a very difficult task, and even more so it is almost impossible to predict the maximum amplitude at the site of construction of a building or structure, for example, near ( the term near is conditional and extends to hundreds of kilometers) places of natural or man-made sources of geological disasters. Therefore, for example, the Dutch almost completely stop mining reserves of gas in the Groningen field (the field's wells are located in the north of the Netherlands and the North Sea shelf), the exploitation of which led to negative geological processes, including earthquakes and subsidence of the earth's surface (see https://ru.abcdef.wiki/wiki /Groningen gas field).

It is known that the most ancient walls were built from stones stacked on top of each other without any binder (clay, mortar, glue, etc.). This method of construction is usually called “dry masonry”. Many such buildings have survived to this day. See, for example, the polygonal masonry of the Incas - https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyxan masonry.

Due to the fact that there is no connection between the rows of stones, the stones in polygonal masonry during an earthquake vibrate separately, each on its own, and after the impact ceases, they return to their places. In this case, no bending stresses arise in the walls, which usually break stones, bricks and mortar.

The main disadvantage of polygonal masonry is that buildings erected in this way cannot have a greater height. Such walls are not able to withstand wind loads, especially if the building is small in plan compared to its height.

A passive method of protecting buildings and structures is known, disclosed in the description of a patent for the foundation of a seismically protected building (see RF patent No. 2388869, MKI E02D 27/34, 2010).

The essence of the known passive method of protecting buildings from earthquakes is that the foundation is separated from the mass of the building. In this case, the force on the building mass from the side of the earthquake moving along with the surface wave is transmitted only due to the force of friction. The smaller this force, the more intact the mass of the building. The magnitude of the friction force is usually determined by the effective coefficient of friction (the effective coefficient of friction is equal to the ratio of the friction force to the weight of the building).

To reduce the coefficient of friction in the lower supporting part of the building mass, in the known invention, seismic isolating supports are installed, each of which is made in the form of a closed, sealed hydraulic volume filled with water, and the closed hydraulic volume of each seismic support is separated from the hydraulic volumes of the remaining seismic supports and the upper part is fixedly connected to the base plate of the building mass. and from below is limited by a smooth Teflon sheet coating on the surface of the top of the foundation base plate. On the sides, the hydraulic volumes are limited by the clamping parts of the sliding seal. The liquid inside the hydraulic volumes is under such pressure as to hold the entire mass of the building. Note that in the known method, liquid is pumped under operating pressure into hydraulic volumes only after construction is completed. Until this moment, the building mass stands on the walls of the hydraulic volumes and additional supports located inside the hydraulic volumes.

During an earthquake, the building mass, placed on the upper support slab, slides over the smooth surface of the foundation support slab. The sliding seal parts on the sides of the hydraulic volume hold the liquid in the volume and at the same time prevent it from flowing along the smooth coating of the foundation base plate. The effective coefficient of friction with this method consists of the viscous friction of the fluid in the hydraulic volumes and the friction of the sliding seal. Judging by the description of the known method, additional supports, parts of the sliding seal and springs for its additional compression are placed inside the hydraulic volume, therefore, it is clear that the depth of the hydraulic volume and, accordingly, the thickness of the liquid layer in it are quite large (of the order of several tens of centimeters), and therefore viscous friction there is nothing there. In this case, the friction of the sliding seal on the smooth coating of the foundation base plate depends on the specific design, but can also be made quite small, therefore, in the known method it is quite possible to achieve a friction coefficient of the order of 1% or less.

Thus, the known method of passive seismic protection makes it possible to protect the erected structure during horizontal vibrations of the surface during earthquakes.

However, the known method also has serious disadvantages.

Firstly, it is not suitable for protecting structures intended for long service life, because... it uses sliding seals made of polymer materials. Almost all polymer materials have the property of “creep”. This term refers to the continuous (but slow) change in size of a polymer over a long period of time under load. In the known method, the Teflon sliding seal and smooth coating of the foundation base plate will over time be irreversibly deformed under load and, as a result, the tightness of the hydraulic volumes will be broken. After this, the entire load of the building will fall on the additional supports and side walls of the hydraulic volumes. They will rest directly against the coating of the lower base plate of the foundation, and the friction coefficient will become normal for solid materials and reach several tens of percent.

Secondly, between the seismic supports for the entire period of operation of the building (50 years or more) all kinds of debris (dust, remains of insects, water, etc.) will constantly accumulate. If the gaps between the seismic supports become clogged, the supports will stop moving during an earthquake. Because of this, the foundation support slab will be rigidly connected to the building mass, and the effective coefficient of friction between the building mass and the foundation will become equal to one. The foundation and the mass of the building will be rigidly connected, and the impact of the surface wave will be completely transferred to the mass of the building.

Thirdly, the known method of protecting buildings begins to work only after construction is completed. This means that it is not possible to use it in the construction of large high-rise buildings. The construction of such facilities sometimes takes several years and it is too risky to count on the fact that during this time an earthquake will not occur.

Fourthly, in nature there are always weak seismic events that we do not notice - seismic vibrations of small amplitude, both man-made and natural. In urban areas, they are also supplemented by vibrations from trams, heavy vehicles, etc. These impacts, due to their large number over the years of operation of the building, may well deform the polymer parts of the structure due to fatigue of the sealing material. As a result of this, the mobility of the seals and the tightness of the hydraulic volumes will be lost, with all the ensuing consequences.

Fifthly, the known method is quite expensive to implement. A large amount of Teflon greatly increases the cost of construction. The price of Teflon on the market is almost 100 times higher than the price of steel (in terms of unit of volume), so covering the entire area of a building’s foundation with Teflon is a very expensive undertaking.

Sixth, with vertical movements of the earth's surface, which is not uncommon during earthquakes, the fluid pressure inside the supports increases by (a+g)/g times, where: a is the acceleration of the vertical movement of the foundation; g is the acceleration due to gravity. Since the side walls of the supports have a fairly large area, the forces from an additional increase in pressure can destroy the hydraulic volumes.

The closest to the claimed one is a technical solution taken as a prototype, using liquid to protect buildings and structures from horizontal vibrations of the earth's crust during earthquakes (see RF patent No. 2072406, MKI E02D 27/34, E04N 9/02, 1997) . A method of providing passive seismic protection of buildings from destruction during earthquakes is to use a high-pressure liquid, which separates the inertial masses, that is, separates the building mass from the foundation, by creating a cavity filled with liquid, and the cavity is formed by the upper supporting surface of the building mass, the lower upper supporting surface the surface of the foundation and a compensator that seals the volume around the perimeter. The known method suggests organizing a system of channels (water pipelines) in the foundation slabs and base of the building mass, through which the liquid is distributed over almost the entire area of the building. During the construction process, the slabs come into contact with each other, but when liquid under pressure is supplied into the channels, it appears under the entire surface of the base slab of the building mass and supports the building in the liquid. The fluid is maintained at a pressure equal to the average pressure created by the building mass.

The liquid is pumped through a pipeline, the pressure in which is created due to hydrostatics (due to the height of the liquid column). At the very top of the pipeline there is a reserve tank with liquid to compensate for leaks. To prevent liquid from leaking out of the space between the slabs, there is a compensator around the perimeter, which allows the foundation of the building to move horizontally with almost no effort and at the same time perform a sealing function.

The known method also refers to passive methods of protecting buildings from earthquakes and its action is also based on the principle of separating the building mass from the foundation, which is inextricably linked to the ground.

In the known method, the role of a substance that reduces the effective coefficient of friction between the foundation and the mass of the building is played by a liquid. Viscous friction in a liquid depends on several quantities: the dynamic viscosity of the liquid, the height of the gap in which this liquid is located, and the speed of relative movement of the plates. With a typical earthquake velocity of about 0.1 m/sec and a slit height of about 1 mm, the friction coefficient becomes negligible for almost any liquid. Therefore, the effective coefficient of friction is actually determined by the compensator.

It can be seen that the friction coefficient during horizontal movements of the foundation can be reduced to less than 1%. However, the known method also has its significant drawbacks. Firstly, the known method cannot protect a high-rise building under construction from earthquakes because the reserve tank with liquid at the very top of the pipeline, designed to create hydrostatic pressure and compensate for liquid leaks, must be at a height of about 100 meters. It is this column of water that creates a pressure of about 10 atm, which approximately corresponds to the average design pressure of a high-rise building mass on the ground. That is, until the building reaches a height of 100 meters, a container with liquid cannot be installed, and it is practically the main element of the seismic protection method.

In the description of a well-known patent, as an example of implementation, a building with a weight T - 70,000 t = 7T0 ⁷ kg and a diameter d = 50 m is given. From these data, the average working pressure of the liquid in the volume can be calculated:

P = T/(7rd ² /4)

Substituting the building parameters into the above formula, we obtain the pressure value: P = 3.6 atm. To create such pressure using hydrostatics, as stated in the patent, the container must be at a height of more than 36 m. Taking into account the fact that the entire height of the building in the example implementation is 60 m, it becomes clear that the method begins to protect the building under construction at the moment when it is already 60% built.

Secondly, the compensator, which ensures sealing of the space between the plates along the perimeter, must withstand the operating pressure of the liquid. This is despite the fact that its width must be no less than the predicted amplitude of movement of the foundation during an earthquake. In particular, if the average working pressure under the building should be about 10 atm, then with a calculated amplitude of even 10 cm, the force acting on a linear meter of the length of the compensator will be 10 tons. Accordingly, the compensator materials in the known method, and their number must necessarily include polymers or rubber, will not withstand operation for a long time due to the creep of polymers or aging of rubber. For example, the MSU building in Moscow is almost 70 years old.

Returning to the example given in the description of the known method, let us estimate the force acting on the compensator at a pressure in the liquid P = 3.6 atm. The authors indicate that the width of the compensator is 0.5 m. Accordingly, the area of one linear meter of the compensator is S = 5000 cm ² . Hence, the total force F pressing on the compensator from the liquid side is determined by the product:

F = P S = 3.6-5000 = 18000 kg

Since the compensator is attached on both sides (both to the foundation and to the base plate of the building mass), the force per linear meter of fastening is equal to half of the total force acting on the compensator, that is, 9000 kg (9 tons). It is clear that with such an effective load, it is impossible to repair the compensator without relieving the fluid pressure in the volume.

Thirdly, the dimensions of the compensator, which ensures the sealing of the space between the slabs along the perimeter, are designed based on the estimated predicted amplitude of movement of the foundation during an earthquake. However, earthquake amplitudes are extremely difficult to calculate. And no one can guarantee that an earthquake with an amplitude greater than the calculated one will not occur in a given area. In this case, the expansion joint in some parts of the building will be collapsed, water will quickly begin to flow out from under the building through channels, the foundation slab and the base plate of the building mass will come into contact (no longer separated) and the friction coefficient will increase to several tens of percent. The existing pipeline will not be able to maintain the fluid pressure under the building because its cross-section (performance) will not be able to provide the required flow, and the reserve capacity of liquid is simply not enough for the entire duration of the earthquake.

Fourthly, despite the fact that the authors talk about the possibility of using more viscous liquids than water, only water can be used in the method, because any leakage of any other liquid will lead to an environmental disaster and large economic losses. In addition, the channels in the foundation are so large that even a viscous liquid will leak out quite quickly, and during earthquakes, aftershocks are possible for several hours.

Fifthly, the well-known patent does not discuss at all the maintainability of the elements that ensure sealing of the space between the slabs along the perimeter, which is necessary for the implementation of the known method. Almost all components and parts that provide the specified sealing are under high pressure and in order to replace or repair something, it is necessary to relieve the pressure, that is, to place the base plate of the building mass on the foundation slab, thereby completely turning off the building’s protection from earthquakes.

Sixthly, in the known method, the building mass is in a state of unstable equilibrium (the point of application of the force from the liquid is located below the center of mass of the building mass) and if there is, for example, an uneven load on the base plate of the building mass or simply a random disturbance, the slab will tilt and will be pressed against the foundation slab, which will unpredictably increase the effective coefficient of friction, and the foundation base slab and the building mass base slab will no longer be completely separated from each other. Although the patent description talks about reducing the coefficient of friction due to the presence of water at the points of contact of the plates, it is necessary to remember the unevenness of the base plates of the foundation and the mass of the building, which will certainly actually cling to each other.

Seventh, in the water that fills the sealed volume, over time, some organisms (bacteria, fungi, etc.) will certainly appear. Their presence can significantly speed up the process of destruction not only of plastics and rubber, but also of concrete. Adding chemicals to water that interfere with the development of organisms can lead to an environmental disaster if the seal is broken.

Disclosure of the Invention

The technical result of the proposed technical solution is to preserve the main advantages of the prototype - providing passive seismic protection of buildings from destruction during earthquakes by separating inertial masses, that is, reliable separation of the building mass from the foundation, by installing between them a volume filled with liquid under pressure, balancing the weight of the mass building, while simultaneously eliminating its specified shortcomings.

The specified technical result in the method of passive protection of buildings from horizontal vibrations of the earth's crust during earthquakes, including separation of the building mass from the moving supporting part of the foundation located in the earth's crust, by placing between them a sealed volume filled with liquid under excess pressure sufficient to hold the weight of the building, this is achieved by the fact that a liquid with a high coefficient of dynamic viscosity is used as a liquid, and the sealed volume is made in the form of one or several horizontal or close to horizontal gaps, separated by sealing seals into one or more separate sealed volumes located in plan between the building mass and the movable supporting part of the foundation, while the size of the gap exceeds the total height of the unevenness of the foundation support slabs and the building mass forming the gap, by the minimum thickness of the liquid layer that provides the building mass with an effective coefficient of viscous friction sufficient to protect the building from the effects of a seismic wave.

Filling a horizontal gap with a viscous liquid allows you to simultaneously solve several problems. Despite the high viscosity of the fluid, the effective coefficient of friction reaches a value of less than 1% even at very small values of the horizontal gap. For example, for fuel oil (dynamic viscosity 0.064 Pa s), already with a gap of significantly less than 1 mm, the effective friction coefficient becomes less than 1%. As the gap increases, the friction coefficient becomes even smaller.

If the seals of the volumes fail, for example during an earthquake, the viscous liquid will flow out of the gap for a very long time. According to the estimated calculations made, fuel oil from a gap of 10 mm with a diameter of the sealed volume of 100 m and a pressure in it of 10 atm will flow out for about 6 hours, and with a gap of 2 mm - for several days. Thus, despite the broken seal, all this time the building will remain protected from horizontal vibrations of the earth’s crust.

Due to the fact that in the proposed method the gap in which the sealed volume is made is small, the vertical size of the sealing seal is also small, and the force acting on it from the liquid under high pressure is also negligible. So, for example, at a pressure in the liquid of 10 atm with a gap of less than 10 mm, per linear meter of the sealing seal, the effective force is only a few tens of kilograms, whereas in the prototype the similar force is about 10 tons. Therefore, in the proposed method, if the seals are damaged during an earthquake, it will be possible to easily restore the seal without even reducing the pressure in the liquid. At the same time, the fluid consumption when the seal of the volume is violated in comparison with the prototype is many times less, due to the fact that the coefficient of dynamic viscosity, for example, of fuel oil is approximately 100 times greater than the viscosity of water, and the gap is at least 10 times smaller than the size of the channels (channel size exceeds the maximum horizontal displacement of the design seismic impact) in the prototype foundation. Based on the fact that the fluid flow rate in the gap is proportional to the third power of its magnitude and the first power of the coefficient of dynamic viscosity, the flow rate of fuel oil is approximately 10 ⁵ times less than the flow rate of water in the prototype, all other things being equal.

When constructing a building, it is advantageous to organize only one volume in the gap, sealing it around the perimeter of the building, but it must be taken into account that the building, held by liquid pressure, ity, will be in a state of unstable equilibrium. At the slightest asymmetry of the building mass, it will necessarily tilt until the moment when the base plate of the building mass reaches one of its edges against the supporting part of the foundation. To eliminate this, it is proposed to add springs located around the perimeter of the building, which will bring it into a state of stable equilibrium. The springs must be calculated taking into account the rigidity of the base plate of the building mass and the asymmetry of the load on the foundation.

It is promising to organize several separate volumes of liquid under pressure in the gap at once. So, for example, if there are three or more separate volumes with liquid under pressure, you can refuse to use additional springs that prevent the building from skewing, because in this case, the building mass will not be able to tilt, since the position of the plane is uniquely determined by three points of support.

To control the condition of the liquid, it is advisable to provide each sealed volume with an autonomous pipeline for supplying liquid to it, as well as means for monitoring its pressure and the filling level of the volume. Thanks to the presence of an autonomous pipeline, it is possible to protect the building from the effects of an earthquake for a long time, despite the presence of a local liquid leak.

It is convenient to make technological passages during the manufacture of the foundation and base plate of the building mass, which will allow access to all sealing seals during routine or repair work. And since seal repairs can be performed without releasing pressure, seals can be restored immediately after the passage of a surface wave from an earthquake.

It is useful to use oil of various grades, purified from mechanical impurities, or fuel oil of various grades, or glycerin, as a liquid with a high coefficient of dynamic viscosity. These viscous liquids are capable of retaining their properties for a long time (many decades) and, therefore, provide reliable protection of the building from horizontal vibrations of the earth's crust during earthquakes.

The inventive method of passive protection of a building, thanks to the use of a viscous liquid in a small gap between the mass of the building and the supporting part of the foundation located in the earth's crust, allows not only to eliminate the main disadvantages of the prototype, but also to acquire a number of new additional advantages.

Firstly, the use of a viscous fluid and a small gap between the building mass and the supporting part of the foundation allows the reliability of seismic protection devices to be greatly increased. Even in the event of a violation of the tightness of the volumes, the time required to increase the effective friction coefficient to a value of 1% is very long.

Secondly, when the amplitude of the surface wave is greater than the predicted one, only the sealing seal can be destroyed, which, of course, will lead to fluid leaks, but will not lead to failure of the seismic protection for a very long time.

Thirdly, the proposed method of protection is universal, since it can be used both to protect high-rise buildings and any structures that require reliable protection from horizontal vibrations of the earth's crust during earthquakes, for example, nuclear power plants. Fourthly, restoring the functioning of the proposed method of protecting a building after an earthquake, in which the tightness of the seal was broken in any area, consists simply of restoring the sealing seal, which can be done without reducing the pressure in the liquid in almost any way, up to plugging the gap with tow or a plumbing cable.

Fifthly, the proposed technical solution makes it possible to significantly reduce the cost of seismic protection of a building compared to the prototype, since its implementation does not require expensive parts and assemblies made of polymers and rubber. In the prototype, the area of the compensator per linear meter of the perimeter of the building is approximately 0.5 m ² , which, with a declared thickness of 2 mm (which in our opinion is clearly not enough for long-term operation of polymer materials), is approximately 2.5 kg, whereas in the claimed method, the area of the sealing seal is only 0.01 m ² weighing about 100 g. In addition, expansion joints must have fastening elements for fastening to the foundation and base plate of the building mass (we remind you that the fastening elements, in the above example, must hold 9 tons per linear meter each), whereas the claimed sealing seal can be held in the gap only due to friction against the walls of the gap (the force is only 360 kg per linear meter with a gap of 10 mm).

Sixth, the proposed method remains operational under any conditions, i.e. until the viscous liquid almost completely flows out of the gap. Even if all the seals are broken, liquid flows through them and there are only a few tenths of a millimeter left in the gap, the effective coefficient of friction between the building mass and the supporting part of the foundation will still be less than one percent. In this case, the time it takes for liquid to flow out of a volume with a diameter of 100 m is approximately several days. This time is indicated without the use of a secondary supply system for leaked and purified fuel oil back into the depressurized volume. The use of this system can increase the time of passive seismic protection of a building to several months or more.

Thus, the proposed method makes it possible to significantly expand the capabilities of passive seismic protection of a building due to the separation of the building mass from the moving supporting part of the foundation located in the earth's crust, by a gap divided into one or several volumes using sealing seals filled with a viscous liquid under pressure that holds the building, Moreover, the claimed seismic protection of the building remains operational for a long time even when the volumes are depressurized, which has no analogues among the known methods used to protect buildings from horizontal vibrations of the earth’s crust during earthquakes, which means that the claimed method meets the “inventive step” criterion.

Brief description of drawings

The essence of the proposed method is illustrated by the drawings in Fig. 1 - fig. 16.

In fig. Figure 1 shows a drawing explaining the implementation of the proposed method of protecting buildings from horizontal vibrations of the earth's crust during earthquakes, using the separation of the building mass from the movable supporting part of the foundation located in the earth's crust, by placing between them a sealed volume filled with liquid under excess pressure, where: 1 - the soil on which the foundation of building 2 is located; 3 - mass of the building, separated from the foundation by a sealed volume 4 in the form of a gap limited by a sealing seal 5; 6 - spring supports that give stability and keep the building mass from tilting, placed in wells 7. For clarity, in this figure and in all the figures below, the proportion is violated, and the height of the gap is greatly increased.

In fig. Figure 2 shows a cross-sectional drawing A-A (see Figure 1), which shows a single sealed volume 4 formed in the slot and limited by a sealing seal 5 with a viscous liquid, as well as wells 7, depicted in the form of squares with crosshairs (spring supports 6, placed in wells 7 are not shown in the figure) against the background of the foundation of building 2.

In fig. Figure 3 shows a drawing explaining the implementation of the proposed method of protecting buildings from horizontal vibrations of the earth's crust during earthquakes, using the separation of the building mass from the movable supporting part of the foundation located in the earth's crust, by placing between them several sealed volumes filled with liquid under excess pressure, where: 8 - foundation of the building; 9 - massif of the building, separated from the foundation by sealed volumes 1 Oa - 1 Ov (volume 1 Ov is not visible in Fig. 3, but is shown in section B-B in Fig. 4).

In fig. Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional drawing B-B (see Fig. 3), in which, on a round foundation 8, three sealed volumes 10a - 10b are presented in the form of circles, formed in a single gap using sealing seals 11 a - 11b and filled with liquid under excess pressure .

In fig. Figure 5 shows a cross-sectional drawing C-C (see Figure 4), explaining the location on the foundation 8, installed in the earth's crust 13, of sealed volumes 10a and 106, made using sealing seals 11a and 11b in a single gap.

In fig. Figure 6 shows a drawing explaining another implementation of the proposed method of protecting buildings from horizontal vibrations of the earth's crust during earthquakes, using the separation of the building mass from the movable supporting part of the foundation located in the earth's crust, by placing between them several sealed volumes, made in several gaps located in one plane, which are separated from each other by a technological passage and filled with liquid under excess pressure, where: 13 - the foundation of the building; 14 - the mass of the building, separated from the foundation by sealed volumes 15a-15g (only 15a and 156 are visible in the figure), while the gaps are formed by the base plate of the foundation 13 and individual slabs 16a-16g (only 16a and 166 are visible in the figure); 17 - ladder for descending into the technological passage.

In fig. 7 shows a cross-sectional drawing D-D (see Fig. 6), in which on the foundation 13 there are four sealed volumes 15a - 15g, formed in four separate gaps located in the same plane, using sealing seals 19a - 19g and separated from each other by technological passages 18, while the volumes are filled with liquid under excess pressure.

In fig. Figure 8 shows a cross-sectional drawing E-E (see Figure 7), explaining the structure of the vertical section of the building, which shows the foundation of the building 13 made in the earth's crust 20, on which sealed volumes with liquid 15a and 156 are located with seals 19a and 196 in separate, lying in the same plane, gaps formed by a common base plate of the foundation and separate and the upper plates 16a and 166, on which the mass of the building 14 is located, while the volumes are separated from each other by technological passages 18.

In fig. Figure 9 shows a drawing explaining another implementation of the proposed method of protecting buildings from horizontal vibrations of the earth's crust during earthquakes, using the separation of the building mass from the movable supporting part of the foundation located in the earth's crust, by placing between them several sealed volumes made in several gaps located in different parallel planes, which are separated from each other by a technological passage and filled with liquid under excess pressure, where: 21 - the foundation of the building; 22 - the mass of the building, separated from the foundation by sealed volumes 23a-23d (only 23a and 236 are visible in the figure), while the gaps are formed by separate slabs 24a-24d (only 24a and 246 are visible in the figure) lying on the foundation 21 and individual slabs 25a- 25g (only 25a and 256 are visible in the figure), adjacent to the mass of building 22; 26 - ladder for descending into technological passage 27.

In fig. 10 shows a cross-sectional drawing F-F (see Fig. 9), in which the foundation plan shows four sealed volumes 23a - 23d, formed in four separate gaps located in two parallel planes (23a and 23d in the same plane, and 236 and 23c - in the other, see Fig.9), using sealing seals 28a - 28g and separated from each other by technological passages 27, and the volumes are filled with liquid under excess pressure.

In fig. 11 shows a cross-sectional drawing G-G (see Fig. 10), explaining the structure of the vertical section of the building, which shows the multi-level foundation of the building 21 made in the earth's crust 29, on which sealed volumes with liquid 23a and 236 are located, made using seals 28a and 286 installed on the perimeter of the gaps formed by individual slabs 24a-246 adjacent to the foundation 21 and individual slabs 25a-25b adjacent to the mass of the building 22.

In fig. Figure 12 shows a cross-sectional drawing of a separate module, which is a sealed volume with liquid, which can be manufactured in a factory and delivered to the construction site. Such modules can be laid between the foundation of the building and its mass. The module is a sealed volume 31 filled with a viscous liquid, which is made in the gap between the lower plate 30 and the upper 33, and is limited along the perimeter by a hermetically sealed seal 32.

In fig. 13 is a cross-sectional drawing of the upgraded individual module shown in FIG. 12. The module additionally includes a liquid collection device 37 in case of leakage when the seal 36 is broken. The figure on the left shows the location of the seal failure in section 36a and, as a consequence, the leakage of liquid from the volume 35 formed in the gap between the plates 34 and 38. The liquid flows into device 37a, which is a waste channel around the perimeter of the module for collecting and recycling liquid in cases of leakage of volume 35.

In fig. Figure 14 shows a cross-sectional drawing of a modernized separate module, which consists of several (two are shown in the figure) sealed volumes with liquid with a common central channel for collecting liquid, which can be manufactured in a factory and delivered to the construction site. The module includes: lower and upper concrete slabs 39 and 46 in the gap between which there are two sealed volumes with liquid 40 and 41, limited by two seals 42 and 43, while in areas of seals 42a and 43a there is no leakage, and in areas 426 and 436 there are cracks through which the liquid is baked. Through channels 44, organized around the perimeter of the module, as well as through the central common channel 45, the liquid is collected for reuse.

In fig. 15 shows a simplified block diagram of one of the options for implementing the recycling of liquid flowing from the volume 50 formed in the gap between the lower and upper plates 47 and 48 and limited along the perimeter by the seal 49. In section 49a the seal is damaged and the liquid flows into channel 51. Under Under the influence of gravity, the liquid flows through channels 51 to a section of the channel 51a (it is located below all other sections on the perimeter), where the intake pipe 52 is located, through which the liquid enters the filter 53 using a pump 54. To measure the pressure in the sealed volume 50, to measure leakage liquid and its replenishment, use a pressure gauge 57, a supply pipe 58 and shut-off valves 55 and 56 (the shut-off valves are shown in the figure conditionally to simplify the understanding of the processes occurring in the block diagram, and the number of units and types of real pipe fittings can be significantly greater compared to shown in the figure).

In fig. Figure 16 shows a drawing of a fragment of the cross-section of a separate module, which is a sealed volume with liquid, where: 59 - the bottom plate of the module adjacent to the foundation (the foundation is not shown); 60 - upper plate of the module adjacent to the building mass (the building mass is not shown); 61 - a sealed volume filled with a viscous liquid, which is made in the gap between the lower plate 59 and the upper 60, and is limited around the perimeter by a hermetic seal 62. The left side of the figure shows: D1 - the absolute value of the roughness of the lower surface of the upper plate 60; D2 is the absolute value of the roughness of the upper surface of the lower plate 59; - the value of the minimum thickness of the liquid layer that provides the building mass with the value of the effective coefficient of viscous friction necessary to protect the building from the effects of a seismic wave; S is the total thickness of the gap of the sealed volume of liquid.

Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

We will consider the implementation of the proposed method using various options for its implementation.

Option 1.

Let's consider the implementation of the proposed method (see Figs. 1 and 2), protecting buildings from horizontal vibrations of the earth's crust during earthquakes, using the separation of the mass of the building 3 from the movable supporting part of the foundation 2, located in the earth's crust 1, by placing a sealed volume 4 between them, filled with liquid under excess pressure.

The creation of a closed volume in the gap between the supporting part of the foundation and the mass of the building and limited by the sealing seal 5 allows you to separate the mass of the building from the foundation so that only the force of viscous friction acts on the mass when the foundation 2 moves in the horizontal direction. From the theory of hydrodynamics it follows that the force acting on the mass of the building, in this case, is proportional to the speed of displacement of the foundation and the coefficient of dynamic viscosity of the liquid, but is inversely proportional to the thickness of the liquid layer (See Fig. 16) between the surfaces news. Consequently, by increasing the thickness of the standing liquid, that is, the size of the gap, it is possible to reduce the effective coefficient of friction to the required value. This value depends on the design of the building and is determined during the development of its design. Note that according to calculations, the value is very small compared to the size of the building, and cannot be displayed in drawings on a scale close to real. For clarity, in this and in all the figures below, the proportion is violated, and the size of the gap is greatly increased.

Since the center of gravity of the building mass is located somewhere significantly above the foundation, and its entire weight is compensated by the pressure of the liquid in the volume, instability of the building’s position arises: the points of application of gravity and the force from the liquid are equal in size, but spaced apart in height and directed towards each other to a friend. This equilibrium is called “unstable equilibrium.” In this case, any minimal deviation of the building from verticality will lead to its further tilt until one of the edges of the base plate of the building mass touches the foundation.

To bring this mechanical system into a position of stable equilibrium, it is necessary to install spring supports 6 along the perimeter of the building, for example, placed in wells 7. They will give the building mass stability. The design of spring supports can be any. In this case, given as an example, a traditional coil spring

Before construction begins, a foundation 2 is laid in the ground 1. If the dimensions of the building in plan are not large, then a sealing seal 5 is installed on the upper supporting surface of the foundation 2, and spring supports 6 are installed in the wells 7, giving stability and keeping the building mass from tilting. A viscous liquid is poured into the sealed space 4 thus formed. From above it is closed by the base slab of the mass of building 3 (the slab in the figure is conventionally made integral with the mass of the building). The sealed volume thus obtained in plan has a size smaller than the size of the foundation by the amount of the predicted earthquake amplitude. This is done so that the tightness of the volume is not broken during an earthquake.

However, the amplitudes of predicted earthquakes are extremely difficult to calculate. And no one can guarantee that an earthquake with an amplitude greater than the calculated one will not occur in a given area. In this case, the tightness of the volume will be broken and the liquid will begin to flow out through the resulting gap. But, as mentioned above, the size of the gap is not large, and the liquid in the gap is viscous, so it will flow out of the volume for a very long time and there will always be some fairly thick layer in the gap, which will protect the building for even several days. In addition, the figure shows that the damaged seal has external access and can be restored using the simplest means, for example, temporarily caulking it with a plumber’s caulk. The pressure under which the liquid is located will not interfere with this procedure for two reasons: firstly, the gap is very small and the force pushing out the seals is also small; secondly, the pressure of the liquid at the point of its leakage is practically zero and will rise to working pressure only after the leak is completely eliminated.

Unfortunately, this implementation of the method requires additional devices in the form of spring supports, which must be calculated in advance based on the size and weight of the designed weight of the building, which is not very convenient, especially when starting construction, while the weight of the building under construction is still small.

Option 2.

Let's consider the implementation of the proposed method (see Fig. 3 - 5) using several separate sealed volumes as a sealed volume.

The figure shows a variant with three sealed volumes 10a-10b. It is known that the position of a plane in space is uniquely determined by three points; in this case, the presence of three sealed volumes makes the position of the building mass in space stable. This option does not require additional spring supports, unlike the previous option. Sealed volumes do not have to be round as in Fig.4. Their shape can be arbitrary, but the number must be at least three. If there are only two sealed volumes, then in the direction perpendicular to the line passing through both volumes, the building will be in unstable equilibrium, which means that additional spring supports will be required in this direction.

It should be noted that in such an implementation, not all of the available area of the foundation 8 is occupied by sealed volumes, which is why the pressure in volumes 10a-10b should be greater than it could be with maximum volume coverage of the foundation area and, in addition, access to areas of sealing seals 11 a-11 b, located in the central part of the building, is impossible.

In this regard, it is beneficial to organize special means for repairing seals.

Option 3.

Let's consider the implementation of the proposed method (see Fig. 6 - 8), using as a sealed volume four separate volumes 15a-15g, located in four separate gaps lying in the same plane and formed by the upper supporting surface of the foundation 13 and individual slabs 16a-16d. In this case, the gaps are separated by technological passages 18 (see Fig. 7) with a ladder 17 to simplify access to the passage.

This implementation of the method allows, firstly, to simplify the building construction process due to the fact that the volumes on top are limited to individual slabs, the size of which is half the size and they are easier to install and transport to the construction site.

Secondly, through technological passages, maintenance personnel gain access to almost any place of the sealing seals 19a-19g, which greatly simplifies the elimination of leaks immediately (within several hours) after an earthquake, and also allows for periodic routine maintenance on a building under construction or in operation.

Option 4.

In previous versions, implementations of the method were considered in which the sealed volume (volumes) are placed in one plane, which is important for buildings built on flat areas. When constructing buildings in the foothills or mountainous areas, it is often necessary to build buildings on sites with a slope. It should be noted that it is in such areas that earthquakes are more likely than on the plain, and the task of seismic protection there is even more urgent. In fig. 9 - 11, a variant of the implementation of the proposed method for construction on sloping areas is presented. The foundation of building 21 is designed so that its supporting surface has two horizontal platforms located at different heights. The foundation area is divided by technological passages 27 into four separate platforms, on which the lower slabs 24a-24g are laid, which, together with the upper individual slabs 25a-25g and the sealing seal 28a-28g (see Fig. 10), form four separate sealed volumes 23a-23g , i.e. four independent modules. The number of planes of different heights on the foundation can be significantly more than two. For ease of servicing of individual modules, technological passages 27 are made, to which stairs 26 lead.

In addition, the installation of separate modules between the foundation 21 and the building mass 22, which can be delivered to the construction site in finished form, and not manufactured during the construction process on the construction site, can significantly simplify the construction of the building.

The method for calculating seismic protection in the proposed method consists of the following operations:

1. Architects set the maximum permissible value of the effective coefficient of friction and the average pressure of the building on the ground.

2. Based on these data and the coefficient of dynamic viscosity of the selected fluid, the minimum permissible gap value is calculated.

3. Based on the required time to maintain operability and the minimum permissible gap size, the minimum size (in plan) of a single sealed volume is calculated.

The dimensions of individual sealed volumes cannot be less than calculated.

Option 5.

In fig. Figure 12 shows a cross-sectional drawing of a separate module, which is a sealed volume with liquid, which can be manufactured in a factory and delivered to the construction site as a component item. Such modules can be laid on the foundation, and on the top slabs of such modules the base plate of the building mass and then the building itself can be assembled. The module is a sealed volume 31 filled with a viscous liquid, which is made in the gap between the bottom plate 30 and the top 33, and is limited around the perimeter by a hermetic seal 32. When assembled in production, the pressure in the liquid is minimal (it supports only the top plate of the module), but As construction progresses and, accordingly, the load on the module increases, the pressure in the liquid will rise up to the calculated value. In this case, there will be no changes in the dimensions of the module, since the liquid is practically incompressible.

Option 6.

In fig. 13 is a cross-sectional drawing of the upgraded individual module shown in FIG. 12. In practice, liquids with a high coefficient of dynamic viscosity are not always environmentally friendly. Therefore, from an environmental point of view, it is necessary to protect the environment from liquid leakage even during earthquakes. In this regard, the module additionally includes a liquid collection device 37 in case of leakage when the seal 36 is broken. The figure on the left shows the location of the seal failure in section 36a and, as a consequence, the leakage of liquid from the volume 35 formed in the gap between plates 34 and 38. Liquid flows into liquid collection device 37 at section 37a. Device 37 is a drain channel around the perimeter of the module for collecting and recycling liquid in cases of failure of the seal of volume 35.

Option 7.

In fig. Figure 14 shows a cross-sectional drawing of a modernized separate module, which consists of several (two are shown in the figure) sealed volumes with liquid with a common central channel for collecting liquid, which can be manufactured in a factory and delivered to the construction site. The module includes: lower and upper concrete slabs 39 and 46, in the gap between which there are two sealed volumes with liquid 40 and 41, limited by two seals 42 and 43, while in areas of seals 42a and 43a there is no leakage, and in areas 426 and 436 there are cracks through which liquid flows out. Through channels 44, organized around the perimeter of the module, as well as through the central common channel 45, the liquid is collected for reuse. In contrast to the module presented in Fig. 13, the channels for collecting the flowing liquid are formed not only by individual parts made, for example, of metal, but are also formed directly in the lower concrete slab.

Option 8.

In fig. 15 shows the logical development of the module implementation with the collection of leaking liquid in the form of a simplified block diagram of a system for recycling the leaking liquid. The leaked liquid flows into the liquid collection device 51 and is collected in the area 51a located below the rest. The collected liquid is taken through pipeline 52 by pump 54, while it first passes through filter 53 (where it is cleaned of impurities and dust) and prepared for reuse. Next, through a pipeline system equipped with the necessary pipe fittings 55 and 56, as well as under the control of measuring equipment 57 (only one pressure gauge is conventionally shown), liquid under pressure is supplied through pipeline 58 into a sealed volume 50. The presence of shut-off valves and a pressure gauge allows you to estimate the amount of leakage liquid according to the time of pressure drop in volume 50. In Fig. 15, the shut-off valves are shown conventionally to simplify the understanding of the processes occurring in the block diagram, and the number of units and types of real pipe fittings can be significantly greater than those shown in the figure.

Option 9.

In fig. Figure 16 shows a drawing of a fragment of a section of a separate module, which makes it possible to explain the essence of the method and the basis for choosing the size of the gap between the lower plate 59 and the upper 60 when designing a sealed volume 61 in the proposed method. The figure shows on an enlarged scale the unevenness (roughness) of the surfaces forming the gap: D1 - absolute value of the roughness of the upper surface of the gap (slab 60); D2 is the absolute value of the roughness of the bottom surface of the gap (plate 59). It is clear that the gap S (see Fig. 16) must be greater than the sum of these two values, otherwise the irregularities of the plates will cling to each other and form a large uncontrolled effective coefficient of friction. In addition, for effective seismic protection it is necessary to have a guaranteed thickness of the liquid layer necessary to ensure the required value of the effective friction coefficient. And the total size of the gap S is determined by formula (1), as the sum of these three values: £ = D1 + D2 + T (1)

As an example, we give the calculation of seismic protection for a building whose average pressure on the ground is P = 10 Atm = 10 ⁶ Pa, and for its protection it is necessary that the effective friction coefficient be no more than Keff < 0.1%.

The effective coefficient of friction, by definition, is the ratio of the force of viscous friction per unit surface area of the base plate of the building mass to the average pressure of the building on the ground:

_Keff = R/R (2)

The force of viscous friction per unit surface area is determined by the formula:

F = az gradV (3) where: az is the coefficient of dynamic viscosity of the liquid; gradV is the gradient of the fluid flow velocity in the gap. In our case, the gap is narrow, so we can take gradV = V/h, where h is the gap size.

Then from (2) and (3) we obtain:

_Keff = F/P = (ae-V/h)/P (4)

From (4) we get:

b > $-U/(P-K _e ff) (5)

For example, let’s take fuel oil as a viscous liquid. For it, the coefficient of dynamic viscosity az is about Sha c. The displacement speed of the foundation together with the soil V during an earthquake is about 1 m/s.

Substituting the values into formula (5), we get:

Calculations showed that even a layer of fuel oil >1 millimeter thick is enough to provide a friction coefficient of 0.1%.

The surface of untreated concrete structures always has unevenness. The regulatory technical documentation specifies five categories of concrete surface quality from AZ to A7. The maximum dimensions of protrusions on the surface are standardized for three categories and range from 1mm to 5mm. Let us assume that the roughness of the lower surface of the upper plate corresponds to category A6 and, accordingly, D1 = 5 mm, and the roughness of the upper surface of the lower plate corresponds to category A4 and, accordingly, D2 = 1 mm.

Then the required gap value, according to formula (1), is equal to:

S = D1 + D2 + > 5+1+1 = 7mm

As mentioned above, if the tightness of the seals is broken, the viscous liquid will flow out of the gap for a long time. Let us estimate, for example, this time for the implementation presented in Fig. 1.

The volume of liquid under the foundation of a building is determined from geometric considerations:

W = A ² h (6) where: A is the size of the building in plan; h - the gap value calculated above On the day of assessment, we will assume that the fluid flow flows to one side of the volume, where the sealing seal is completely removed in a section of length 8 = 1 m. The flow occurs under the action of operating pressure P = 1 Oatm, as in the previous calculation.

It is known that the fluid flow through a horizontal gap of size h, width 8, length L under the influence of pressure drop P is determined by the formula:

Q = (8 P h ³ ) /12(ab-b) (7)

Such a flow will occur at the very beginning of the outflow of liquid, but as it flows out, the size of the gap will decrease, and the flow rate will decrease even faster, proportional to the third power of the size of the gap.

Accordingly, the time of liquid outflow from the volume can be estimated from below as: t = W/Q (8)

Substituting (6) and (7) into (8) and remembering that in our case the building is square and, accordingly, L = A, we obtain: m ~ 12(A ³ -g)/(8-P-b ² ) ( 9)

Taking the building size A = 100 m and substituting all values into (7), we obtain a lower estimate for the duration of liquid outflow from the volume: t ~ ( 10 ⁶ • 1 )/( 1 • 10 ⁶ • (7 ■ 10' ³ ) ² ) = 2.04 • 10 ⁴ s = 5.7 hours.

It should be replaced, this time is quite enough to protect the building from aftershocks, and taking into account the fact that the leak can be eliminated with any available materials, this method of protection can be considered absolutely reliable (see https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Aftershock).

In addition, we must not forget that for the above estimates we chose a very low category of concrete surface roughness. When designing seismic protection, it is quite possible to plan on grinding the surfaces that form a sealed volume, as is done, for example, with floors made of marble chips. Then the size of the gap can be reduced by 5 - 10 times, and accordingly the time t will increase by 25 - 100 times, and then even a completely destroyed sealing seal will not affect the seismic protection of the building for a very long time.

Claims

CLAIM

1. A method for passively protecting buildings from horizontal vibrations of the earth’s crust during earthquakes, including separating the building mass from the movable supporting part of the foundation located in the earth’s crust by placing between them a sealed volume filled with liquid under excess pressure sufficient to hold the weight of the building, characterized in that that the liquid used is a liquid with a high coefficient of dynamic viscosity, and the sealed volume is made in the form of one or several horizontal or close to horizontal gaps, separated by sealing seals into one or several separate sealed volumes located in plan between the building mass and the movable supporting part foundation, while the size of the gap exceeds the total height of the unevenness of the base plates of the foundation and the building mass forming the gap by the amount of the minimum thickness of the liquid layer that provides the building mass with an effective coefficient of viscous friction sufficient to protect the building from the effects of a seismic wave.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that several gaps are made in a plane of the same height.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that several gaps are made in planes of different heights.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that each sealed volume is equipped with an autonomous pipeline for supplying liquid to it, as well as means for monitoring its pressure and the filling level of the volume.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that fuel oil of various grades is used as a liquid with a high coefficient of dynamic viscosity.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that oil of various grades, purified from mechanical impurities, is used as a liquid with a high coefficient of dynamic viscosity.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that glycerin is used as a liquid with a high coefficient of dynamic viscosity.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that technological passages are organized between the individual sealed volumes for carrying out repair or maintenance work.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that along the perimeter of the sealed volumes there is an emergency liquid collection system equipped with means for filtering and preparing the liquid for reuse.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that if the sealed volume consists of several separately located sealed volumes located in plan between the mass of the building and the movable supporting part of the foundation, then each of these sealed volumes can be made in the form of a gap between two separate slabs installed one above the other with a sealing seal around the perimeter, with the upper slab adjacent to the mass of the building, and the lower to the supporting part of the foundation.