WO2024068650A2 - Procédé d'électrolyse hydrodynamique - Google Patents

Procédé d'électrolyse hydrodynamique Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2024068650A2
WO2024068650A2 PCT/EP2023/076576 EP2023076576W WO2024068650A2 WO 2024068650 A2 WO2024068650 A2 WO 2024068650A2 EP 2023076576 W EP2023076576 W EP 2023076576W WO 2024068650 A2 WO2024068650 A2 WO 2024068650A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fluid
electrolysis
reactor
water
hydrodynamic
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2023/076576
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2024068650A3 (fr
Inventor
Andreas Noffke
Original Assignee
Andreas Noffke
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Andreas Noffke filed Critical Andreas Noffke
Publication of WO2024068650A2 publication Critical patent/WO2024068650A2/fr
Publication of WO2024068650A3 publication Critical patent/WO2024068650A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes

Definitions

  • the present invention is a hydrodynamic electrolysis process for energy-reduced, i.e. efficient, production of hydrogen according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the method according to the invention can have one or more consecutive (preferably 3) process stages.
  • individual process stages can be combined with one another, which can interlock and be dependent on one another.
  • the electrostatic interactions between the water molecules have a significant influence on the efficiency of electrolysis of water to hydrogen and oxygen.
  • a change in the higher-level intermolecular interaction structure i.e. in particular a change in the electrostatic interactions in the liquid phase of the molecular compound of water molecules, According to the laboratory tests and experiments carried out, this has a beneficial effect on efficiency, i.e. the energy input necessary/required for electrolysis.
  • a special process control which would require the atomization of water in the electrolysis cell, is not necessary according to the present invention.
  • the present invention has for its object to improve the hydrogen-producing electrolysis of water and of aqueous electrolyte solutions with regard to their efficiency, i.e. the energy expenditure, without the addition of supplementary substances.
  • the fluid is mechanically pretreated in an axisymmetric, downwardly tapering reactor, with an inlet for the fluid in an upper section and an outlet for the fluid in a lower section of the reactor, in order to reduce the electrostatic interactions between the water molecules, by setting the fluid into a rotation which accelerates from the upper section to the lower section of the reactor of at least 120 rotations per second and/or at least 500 km/h translation speed in the lower section, that the mechanically pretreated fluid is split into hydrogen and oxygen by means of electrolysis, preferably following the completed pretreatment.
  • Preferred embodiments of the method according to the invention are specified in the dependent claims.
  • an aqueous electrolyte solution contains both water and a proportion of electrically conductive substances that dissolve in the water.
  • the electrical conductivity of the water can in principle influence the energetic efficiency of the electrolysis.
  • such aqueous solutions can be optimized by appropriate mechanical treatment with regard to the energy required to produce a defined amount of hydrogen from water.
  • An additional external addition of further electrolyte additives or other substances is not necessary for this.
  • the electrostatic interactions of the aqueous electrolysis liquid and thus in particular the wetting of the electrodes with the aqueous medium can also have a positive effect on the energetic efficiency of hydrogen production in the electrolysis process.
  • Reduced electrostatic interactions can also be synonymous with reduced intermolecular interactions between the individual water molecules.
  • the existing hydrogen bonding forces no longer have to be overcome or only have to be overcome to a reduced extent.
  • the energetic efficiency of electrolysis can be further increased by repeated mechanical pretreatment, preferably 2-4 times. A summation of the effect of the mechanical treatment with shear forces in the reactor can be observed.
  • the reduction of the electrostatic interactions in the electrolyte and the electrolysis can take place in the same container or the same receptacle. According to the present invention, however, it is possible to maintain the disturbed electrostatic interaction and to The procedures in accordance with the invention must be carried out in separate process steps, even spatially separated from one another.
  • the receptacle can be designed as a single chamber, in which in such a case both the device for reducing the electrostatic interactions of the electrolysis liquid and the electrolysis electrodes are provided.
  • the electrolysis electrodes can be electrolysis electrodes that are common to those skilled in the art. They therefore require no further explanation.
  • the receptacle is formed from at least two chambers, with the device for reducing the electrostatic interactions of the aqueous electrolysis liquid being arranged in at least a first chamber and the electrolysis electrodes being arranged in a second chamber.
  • the chambers are preferably fluidically connected to one another, and an outlet of the first chamber can be fluidically connected to an inlet of the second chamber.
  • an inlet for fluid to the second chamber it is not necessary for an inlet for fluid to the second chamber to contribute to the disruption of the intermolecular interactions in the fluid, preferably in the water.
  • the reduction in the electrostatic cohesion of the molecules can preferably be completed before the fluid enters the second chamber, i.e. the electrolysis cell.
  • an inflow/inflow of fresh electrolyte from the first chamber into the second chamber takes place during the electrolysis, whereby an electrostatic interaction possibly increasing during the electrolysis due to fresh (treated) Electrolytes from the first chamber can be diluted down.
  • This process can occur continuously and discontinuously and/or directly from the first chamber or from a storage container for pretreated fluid.
  • the electrostatic interactions of the electrolyte in the second chamber can be adjusted as required, preferably in real time.
  • a conveying device for transporting the aqueous electrolyte from the at least one first chamber into the at least one second chamber.
  • conventional conveying means can be provided, which are preferably connected to a device for measuring electrostatic interactions of the aqueous solutions in the second chamber and/or are controlled by this in order to feed treated fluid from the first chamber into the second chamber as required, so that a stored maximum value of the electrostatic interactions of the electrolyte in the second chamber is not exceeded.
  • the method according to the invention is at least implemented when the electrostatic interactions of a fluid, in particular an aqueous solution of an electrolyte, for example an aqueous electrolysis liquid for producing hydrogen, are reduced by mechanical treatment and the fluid, in particular the aqueous solution, is subsequently subjected to electrolysis with reduced electrostatic interactions.
  • a fluid in particular an aqueous solution of an electrolyte, for example an aqueous electrolysis liquid for producing hydrogen
  • this can in particular be an alkaline water electrolysis, membrane electrolysis, high-temperature electrolysis and/or catalytic decomposition of water.
  • An increased proportion of hydroxide ions in the water can be generated by the mechanical treatment itself.
  • the energy required to break the molecular bond between the oxygen atom and the two hydrogen atoms of a water molecule in an association of water molecules is reduced according to the invention.
  • the process according to the invention can also be referred to as a process for the electrolysis of electrostatically permanently modified liquid water.
  • sustainable can be understood as meaning that the changed physical properties are maintained beyond the treatment for a significant period of time (minutes, hours, days, weeks or even months), i.e. the change in the physical properties according to the invention
  • the procedure is not just an excited or changed state that only lasts at the moment of the procedure/treatment.
  • the method according to the invention can also be applied to other fluids which, for example due to their intermolecular interactions (e.g. dipole-dipole, Van der Wals and/or electrostatic interactions in general), have a surface tension or viscosity.
  • Electrostatics can be understood as a general term for intermolecular interactions.
  • these can be polar fluids, especially water.
  • At least one of the following process steps can be used to sufficiently mechanically pretreat the fluid for electrolysis.
  • the fluid to be treated is set into an accelerating rotation.
  • Hollow vortex formations are characterized by a flow-dynamic velocity profile (Fig. 1 ), which would theoretically have a velocity c — ⁇ °° and a pressure p — -•> ⁇ > in the core, i.e. in the central axis. Negative pressures, i.e. tensile stresses, are not possible in the fluid. This means that the fluid structure breaks apart and a vapor core forms.
  • a core is formed from lighter components of the medium, usually gases, or, if the vapor pressure of the fluid is reached, from fluid vapor (water vapor). This effect is not advantageous at this point in the process.
  • the reason for this is the high energy consumption in hollow vortices (also known as potential vortices).
  • the aim is to initially set the fluid in an accelerating rotational motion with a relatively low energy expenditure and thus to generate high centrifugal forces and shear stresses. Forced guidance can be achieved by guiding a fluid in a certain direction (here rotation) and limiting the rotating volume flow preferably inside and/or outside.
  • a flow profile similar to a positive guide can be formed in a pipe (Fig. 2).
  • the flow profile shown in FIG. 2 is only preferred for the purpose according to the invention. It improves/reduces the energy input to reduce interactions in the fluid. In principle, however, the reduction in interactions in the fluid can be achieved despite the vortex.
  • the necessary shear stresses are generated in the direction of flow and rotation and the entire volume flow can move helically towards the tapered part of the reaction body.
  • the downward, tapering helical movement of the fluid can best be described as a superposition of rotational movement and translational movement.
  • reaction body i.e. the rotating fluid
  • a vortex chamber for mixing media i.e. the rotating fluid
  • the downward, tapering helical movement can best be explained as a superposition of rotational movement and translational movement (Fig. 3).
  • the fluid can therefore also be passed over an uneven, rough or flaky inner reactor wall in order to enhance the effect according to the invention.
  • the degree of roughness should not be important. However, the higher the roughness, the greater the effect described.
  • This structure is partly responsible for a number of physical properties - including dynamic viscosity.
  • any foreign substances carried along They are also subject to the high centrifugal forces, shear stresses and frictional forces between the water layers. It is particularly important to note that in the outer area of the reaction body, in addition to the high volume flow, a high pressure is built up. Due to the decreasing size ratios of inlet and outlet, a back pressure can already be present at barometric pressure. If this is now increased, the reaction speed in the reaction body area also increases. A 1 bar increase in pressure doubles the reaction speed.
  • the system works optimally at a pressure of 3 bar.
  • this area can also be called a continuous pressure reactor.
  • the directed and forced rotating media flow is deflected inwards against its original direction of movement (translational) (Fig. 5) - in fact, it is "turned” into itself with its rotation and preferably fed to the outlet pipe (outlet spout).
  • the access area of the outlet spout has a further strong taper (further increase in the circular speed w and centrifugal force Fz).
  • the relative direction of rotation of the now ascending volume flow changes (Fig. 6) - the absolute direction of rotation is maintained for the entire volume flow.
  • the volume flow can be changed from the downward movement to an ascending movement (brine area) at the reversal point.
  • the outlet pipe preferably along a dome located in the brine area of the reactor, with a geometry/shape that tapers upwards towards the inlet opening of the outlet pipe.
  • the outlet pipe is preferably also arranged in the brine area of the reactor adjacent to the dome.
  • the absolute direction of rotation in the direction of flow is retained. For example, if the inlet rotates clockwise, the direction of rotation remains clockwise after reversal.
  • the ascending media column It is also characteristic of the ascending media column that, on the one hand, it is forced to move by the nozzle/taper in the outlet (particularly in its outer area) and, up to the narrowest point of the nozzle/taper, i.e. up to the point at which pressure or overpressure prevails, it is also forced to move by the optional air intake pipes in the area of the central axis.
  • the third stage of the process can involve the formation of a hollow vortex, which is superimposed by a volume expansion by means of an appropriately designed nozzle shape (usually a Laval nozzle).
  • the outlet spout/outlet itself is preferably designed in its lower region in such a way that it initially has a cross-sectional constriction and preferably immediately thereafter a cross-sectional expansion.
  • the goal is a completely directed relaxation of the medium flowing through.
  • Such nozzles also called Laval nozzles
  • an inner forced guide which projects into the tapered outlet, can optionally be used as an air intake pipe.
  • This output option is adjustable and configurable. In addition to the calculations for individual media, practical tests have shown that optimal suction, i.e. optimal negative pressure, is achieved with an internal reaction body pressure of 3 bar and above and when ambient air is used as the suction medium.
  • the high required pre-pressure results from the friction and energy losses in the reaction body up to the air intake nozzle. If there is no air intake from the outside, the system "gases out” gases bound or dissolved in the fluid due to the negative pressure. In addition, the vapor diffusion pressure is reached in this area for H2O.
  • the cause of this “column” or vortex formation can be the central positive guidance/guide axis.
  • a hollow vortex can form at this point in the entire system and, if necessary, the hollow vortex can be overlaid by an inner, non-rotating column from the negative pressure area of the Laval nozzle (suction of other media).
  • the process preferably consists of at least one of the three individual process stages, which can intertwine and be dependent on each other.
  • the rotating volume flow can be “turned into itself”, ie a change in direction is carried out translationally while maintaining the absolute direction of rotation. This creates extreme shear and friction forces. te and pressure conditions that can cause cavitation and break down foreign matter carried along.
  • the volume flow is subject to further acceleration in its rotation due to nozzle tapering (Laval nozzle inlet; tapering of the outlet/outlet pipe) without creating a hollow vortex. (2nd process stage)
  • the positive guidance ends through the air intake pipe/through the further internal positive guidance. From this area onwards, the formation of a hollow vortex with a vortex core (reaching the vapor diffusion point - outgassing or vapor formation) is superimposed on the negative pressure of the Laval nozzle (atomizer or water jet nozzle principle).
  • the high energy input caused by the hollow vortex in this area, increases the rearrangement of the molecular structure and the change in viscosity or surface tension.
  • an oxidant usually oxygen from the air
  • Vapor diffusion creates small amounts of OH radicals, which have an oxidative effect. Additional oxidizing agents greatly increase the oxidation effect.
  • Venturi effect - The Venturi equation consists of two components: the static part and the dynamic part (r/2 * c 2 ) - the geodetic one Share is not taken into account here due to its low influence
  • Rotation speed 120-180/sec - angular speed w (or more)
  • Negative pressure in nozzle -0.5 to -0.7 bar relative / 0.5 to 0.3 bar absolute
  • the rotation speed of min 120/sec and/or the translation speed of min 500 km/h in the vortex leads to a mechanical pretreatment of the fluid, whereby the forces acting on the fluid sustainably reduce the energy requirement of the electrolysis.
  • a treatment of the fluid at least with the sufficiently fast rotation described according to the invention in a reactor designed to taper downwards results in a change in surface tension and / or viscosity in favor of a lower one Energy consumption during a subsequent electrolysis, compared to the same fluid without the mechanical treatment according to the invention.
  • the fluid can be diverted with introduction into a Venturi or Laval nozzle in a lower area/section of the reactor, preferably in the brine area of the reactor.
  • Electrolysis can therefore be carried out with reduced energy consumption compared to the same untreated fluid.
  • Electrostatic interactions or properties based on electrostatic interactions according to the invention can be in particular the surface tension and the viscosity of fluids.
  • Test conditions of laboratory tests on the process according to the invention 10 individual measurements were carried out in a tensiometer K10 from Krüss, Hamburg, measuring device: Pt-Ir-Ring.
  • test results show a sustained reduction in surface tension beyond the treatment of the fluid.
  • the fluid was mechanically pretreated in an axisymmetric, downwardly tapering reactor, with an inlet for the fluid in an upper section and an outlet for the fluid in a lower section of the reactor, in order to reduce the electrostatic interactions between the water molecules, by setting the fluid in a rotation accelerating from the upper section to the lower section of the reactor of at least 120 rotations per second and/or at least 500 km/h translational speed in the lower section.
  • the fluid was mechanically pretreated in an axisymmetric, downwardly tapering reactor, with an inlet for the fluid in an upper section and an outlet for the fluid in a lower section of the reactor, in order to reduce the electrostatic interactions between the water molecules, by setting the fluid in a rotation accelerating from the upper section to the lower section of the reactor of at least 120 rotations per second and/or at least 500 km/h translational speed in the lower section.
  • viscosity determinations were carried out at different temperatures, which were carried out with untreated water and with water that passed through the reactor for either 5 or 30 minutes.
  • the viscosity was carried out using a vibration viscosity SV-10 (times Instruments GmbH).
  • the SV-10 consists of 2 gold-coated paddle-like sensors that oscillate at a frequency of 30 Hz in the liquid being examined.
  • the viscosity of the sample causes the vibration to be dampened, thereby reducing the amplitude.
  • the force required to cause the sensors to oscillate at the original amplitude is measured and converted into the viscosity of the sample.
  • the mechanically pretreated fluid is fed to the electrolysis chamber/electrolysis step without atomization.
  • the electrical conductivity (Siemens per meter [S/m]) of water (ps/cm / microsiemens per centimeter) is influenced by ionically dissolved substances (ions). Salts, acids and alkalis break down into positively charged cations and negatively charged anions.
  • table salt (NaCI) breaks down in water into sodium ions (Na+) and chloride ions (CI-) and demineralized water (fully desalinated) has a very low conductivity, since approximately every billionth water molecule (H2O) breaks down into the ions H+ and OH-.
  • the electrical conductivity is measured using a resistance measurement.
  • the measuring cell consists of two metal electrodes between which an alternating voltage is applied. The more ions the measuring solution contains, the greater the current flowing between the electrodes.
  • the conductivity is calculated from this using Ohm's law.
  • Pure water (DI water - distilled or demineralized - conductivity ⁇ 10 pS/cm) has an extremely low conductivity. It is only about one billionth that of metals, but is about 1000 times more conductive than an insulating material. If salts, acids or bases are added to the water that release freely mobile ions in an aqueous solution, the conductivity increases (e.g. 4% salt in distilled water increases the conductivity 1000 times).

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé d'électrolyse hydrodynamique pour la production efficace d'hydrogène à partir d'eau liquide et de solutions aqueuses d'électrolyte, désignées ci-après sous le terme générique de fluide, ledit fluide étant introduit dans un réacteur axisymétrique se rétrécissant vers le bas, comprenant une entrée pour le fluide dans une partie supérieure et une sortie pour le fluide dans une partie inférieure du réacteur, pour réduire les interactions électrostatiques entre les molécules d'eau, le fluide étant prétraité mécaniquement par une rotation accélérée de la partie supérieure vers la partie inférieure du réacteur d'au moins 120 rotations par seconde et/ou une vitesse de translation d'au moins 500 km/h dans la partie inférieure, et le fluide prétraité mécaniquement étant décomposé en hydrogène et en oxygène par électrolyse.
PCT/EP2023/076576 2022-09-26 2023-09-26 Procédé d'électrolyse hydrodynamique WO2024068650A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22197882 2022-09-26
EP22197882.8 2022-09-26

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2024068650A2 true WO2024068650A2 (fr) 2024-04-04
WO2024068650A3 WO2024068650A3 (fr) 2024-06-13

Family

ID=83505624

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2023/076576 WO2024068650A2 (fr) 2022-09-26 2023-09-26 Procédé d'électrolyse hydrodynamique

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2024068650A2 (fr)

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE60108407T2 (de) Vorrichtung und verfahren zur steigerung des sauerstoffgehalts in einer flüssigkeit
EP0035243B1 (fr) Procédé et dispositif de flottation
DE69917433T2 (de) Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen von flüssigdispersen systemen in flüssigkeiten
EP1945337B1 (fr) Chambre de turbulence
DE102009034977A1 (de) Kavitationsreaktor
DE2120875A1 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Durchlüften einer Flussigkeitsmasse
DE10206083B4 (de) Verfahren zum Erzeugen monodisperser Nanotropfen sowie mikrofluidischer Reaktor zum Durchführen des Verfahrens
DE2545875A1 (de) Verfahren und vorrichtung zur entfernung von schmutzstoffen aus abwasser
DE102004040735A1 (de) Verfahren zur mechanisch schonenden Erzeugung von fein dispersen Mikro-/Nano-Emulsionen mit enger Tropfengrößenverteilung und Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens
DE2151206C2 (de) Vorrichtung zum Herstellen einer Emulsion
EP1771385B1 (fr) Homogeneisation hydrodynamique
DE2812105A1 (de) Verfahren und vorrichtung zum trennen von stoffen durch flotation
WO2024068650A2 (fr) Procédé d'électrolyse hydrodynamique
CH630046A5 (en) Method for the continuous entry of air or other oxygen-containing gases into an activated-sludge-containing wastewater or fermentation broths
WO2004101123A1 (fr) Dispositif et procede d'introduction d'un milieu gazeux et/ou liquide dans un milieu liquide
DE10343602A1 (de) Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Behandlung eines Mediums wie Abwasser, Klärschlamm oder dergleichen
WO1999032407A1 (fr) Reacteur de flottation et procede de flottation
EP2228121B1 (fr) Dispositif d'enrichissement du gaz ou de génération d'une puissance mécanique, ainsi que procédé correspondant
WO2022218636A1 (fr) Dispositif et procédé de dispersion de gaz dans des liquides
DE2909989A1 (de) Emulsionserzeuger
EP3055071A1 (fr) Procédé et dispositif de dispersion pour produire un mélange dispersé de fluides
DE60110176T2 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Flüssigkeiten mit ultrafeinen, zusammengesetzten Partikeln
DE102004027398A1 (de) Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Einbringen von gasförmigem und/oder flüssigem Medium in Flüssigmedium
DE10245466B4 (de) Verfahren zum biologischen Reinigen von Abwasser
DE2542167C3 (de) Verfahren zur Flotation von in verunreinigtem Wasser dispergierten und/oder emulgierten Teilchen

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 23790240

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A2