WO2024068230A1

WO2024068230A1 - Press tool for pressing material panels in heat presses

Info

Publication number: WO2024068230A1
Application number: PCT/EP2023/074651
Authority: WO
Inventors: Berthold Thölen
Original assignee: Hueck Rheinische Gmbh
Priority date: 2022-09-30
Filing date: 2023-09-07
Publication date: 2024-04-04
Also published as: DE102022125371A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a press tool (1) and to a method for producing a press tool (1). The press tool (1) is designed to press material panels in heat presses, wherein the press tool (1) has a base structure (2) and at least one strip (3) which is arranged on the base structure (2) and comprises a press surface (4). The base structure (2) has a press surface (5) which is equipped with a surface structure (6) that has elevations (7) and depressions (8), in particular in order to produce a structure which imitates a natural material, such as wood, on the surface of the material panels when pressing same. The at least one strip (3) is arranged in a receiving region (9) of the base structure (2), said receiving region (9) being geometrically adapted to the strip, and the surface structure (6) directly adjoins the receiving region (9).

Description

Press tool for pressing material plates in heating presses

The present invention relates to a pressing tool designed for pressing material panels in heating presses, the pressing tool having a basic structure and at least one bar arranged on the basic structure with a pressing surface, the basic structure having a pressing surface on which a surface structure is arranged, which has elevations and depressions has, in particular in order to produce a structure on the surface when pressing material panels, which is modeled on a natural material such as wood.

Material boards, such as wood-based panels, are required for the furniture industry and for interior design, for example for laminate flooring. The material boards have a core made of MDF (medium-density fiberboard) or HDF (high-density fiberboard), onto which various material layers are placed on at least one side, for example an (optical) decorative layer and a protective layer (overlay layer).

In order to avoid warping in the material panels produced, such material panels are usually provided with the same number of material layers on both sides; in order to connect the individual layers of the material panels (core, material layers, etc.) to one another, they are pressed together in a press using special pressing tools, in particular press plates or endless belts. The surface of the material panels is also embossed in the process. Hot presses or heating presses are usually used to connect the various material layers made of thermosetting resins, for example melamine resin, to the surface of the core under the influence of heat by fusing the plastic materials.

The decorative layers determine the pattern and color design of the material panels; a desired surface structure, however, can be achieved by using suitable pressing tools. For example, a wood or tile decor can be printed on the decorative layer (decorative paper), or decorative layers with patterns and color designs are used that are artistically designed according to the intended use. Overlay layers can also be used that are printed on the top or bottom.

To improve a lifelike reproduction, especially for material panels with wood, tile or natural stone decor, the pressing tools are provided with a surface structure that conforms to the decorative layer and forms a negative image of the desired surface structure. The pressing tools therefore have a 3D profile (depth structuring) that is modeled on the wood veins of a wooden surface, for example, in order to give the decorative layer of the material panel the appearance of such a wooden surface.

In order to achieve the embossing of the material plates in accordance with the coverage - i.e. the required accuracy of fit of the decorative layer(s) and the surface structure of the material plate - a high quality standard is required for the production of the pressing tools. In particular, the pressing plates or endless belts are used as upper and lower tools in short-cycle presses, which are covered with pressing plates, or in double-belt presses for endless belts, whereby the embossing and heating of the material plates takes place at the same time, so that the thermosetting resins of the decorative and/or overlay layers of the material plates are first melted, the surface structure corresponding to the surface structuring of the pressing tools is introduced into the external material layers, and the structured material layers are bonded to the core of the material plate by subsequent hardening.

In order to produce the desired surface structuring in or on the press tools, digitized image data of a decorative template can be used to apply an etching resist for structuring the press plates or endless belts. For this purpose, an etching resist is applied to the press plates or endless belts, for example using a digital printer, in order to then carry out an etching process. After removing the etching resist, the press tool can be further treated, preferably at For surface structuring with particularly deep/high structures, several etching processes can be carried out in succession. To do this, an etching resist is applied to the already etched press sheet or endless belt and etching is carried out again until the desired deep structure has been created. In addition, the individual etching processes can be used to coarsely or finely structure the surface structure, depending on which surface structure is to be given to the material plate.

Alternatively or in addition to the described etching processes or other material-removing processes, material-applying processes can also be used to produce the surface structuring (in layers) on the surface of the pressing tools. Most of these processes use masks to protect the surface of the pressing tool from subsequent material application or removal. By repeatedly applying appropriate masks and then applying or removing material, surface structures of a wide variety of designs can be produced.

Regardless of the method chosen, a surface structure is ultimately created on the pressing tool, which represents the negative of the surface structure to be impressed into the material plate. Elevations in the surface structuring correspond to the depressions to be impressed in the surface structure of the material plate or depressions in the surface structuring correspond to the elevations that the surface structure of the material plate should have.

To further improve a true-to-life reproduction of natural surfaces, especially wood, tile or natural stone surfaces, pressing tools are used that also have different levels of gloss. By setting a specific level of gloss in a selected surface area of the pressing tool, it is possible to create any reflections or shades in the material plate, which, for example, reinforce the impression of a natural wood, tile or natural stone surface for a viewer. For example, in the prior art: thin chrome layers with different degrees of gloss are used, with the entire surface of the pressing tool being chrome-plated first and then a further chrome layer being applied, which either only covers raised or only deeper areas of the surface structure (EP 3 010 704 B1).

EP 1 629 943 A2 discloses an alternative method for producing a cutting or embossing roller by means of laser deposition welding

According to both the new and the older manufacturing processes, an etching resist is applied to the sheets in order to reproduce the raised surface structures through the covered areas of the etching resist, while the gaps undergo surface etching. The etched areas form the profile valleys of the desired structure, which is created as a negative form. After each etching, the surface is cleaned, if necessary a new mask is applied so that further etchings can follow or the surface can be subjected to a further refining process, for example hard chrome plating, gloss level adjustment, etc. through further work processes.

Applying the etching resist using a screen printing process or digital printing technology with subsequent etching is relatively time-consuming, so the production of the pressed sheets is associated with high costs.

EP 2 060 658 A2 discloses such a method for producing a press sheet with a structured surface which is produced by applying a mask and etching.

If material panels in particular are to be pressed, large-format pressing tools are used in the form of pressing sheets or endless belts, which have at least an edge length of more than one meter.

The production of the press plates or endless belts can be carried out using newer processes according to EP3010704B1 using a 3D layer structure. For this purpose, provided digitized data of a 3D topography are used to to produce digitized data of individual 2D layers using 3D topography. The number of 2D layers depends on the desired structure depth, i.e. from the highest to the lowest point of the structure to be created. As a rule, a depth of 80 pm is achieved to produce a surface structure on pressed sheets or endless belts using the classic etching technique. In individual cases, however, this structure can extend to a depth of 400 pm. The situation is similar when producing pressed sheets or endless belts using a 3D layer structure. The greater the subsequent penetration depth of the pressing tools, the greater the difference between the deepest and highest point must be selected, so that in individual cases a large number of individual 2D layers must be produced using a processing head, which leads to a considerable processing time and high machine usage.

A strip in the sense of the invention is to be understood as an elongated structure which can be essentially straight, but does not have to be. This structure can have straight lines, serpentine lines, arc shapes, curves, jumps, interruptions, thickenings and/or tapers when viewed from above the pressing surface of the pressing tool. A bar can have different cross-sections and cross-sectional shapes over its longitudinal extent, such as rectangular, square, triangular, bell-shaped, arcuate, circular segment-shaped or misshapen.

The object of the present invention was to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and to create a pressing tool for producing a workpiece, in particular a material plate, whose surface structuring has different structures, for example coarse and fine structures as well as a deep surface structuring, which is achieved by a high Penetration depth into the material plate is made possible during pressing. Furthermore, the object of the invention was to enable greater precision in the production of the surface structure of the pressing tool with less processing time. This task is solved by a device and a method according to the claims.

The pressing tool according to the invention is designed for pressing material plates in heating presses, wherein the pressing tool has a basic structure and at least one bar arranged on the basic structure with a pressing surface, wherein the basic structure has a pressing surface on which a surface structure is arranged which has elevations and depressions, in particular in order to produce a structure on the surface of material plates when pressing them, which is modeled on a natural material such as wood, wherein the at least one bar is arranged in a receiving area of the basic structure, wherein the receiving area is geometrically adapted to the bar and the surface structure directly borders on the receiving area.

Typically, generic pressing tools are made from sheet steel. In order to produce a structured surface of a steel sheet, etching processes, additive manufacturing processes or cutting processes may be used. However, depending on the processing method used, the etching of structures is limited to a certain depth starting from the untreated surface of the supporting structure. Likewise, machining or additive processes are, on the one hand, very complex to implement and, on the other hand, cost- and machine-intensive. The advantage of the present invention is that a complex surface structure with a high penetration depth can be created in a pressing tool according to the invention due to the multi-part structure consisting of the basic structure and the strip. The difference, i.e. the maximum penetration depth of the pressing tool, between the lowest point of the entire available pressing surface and the highest point of the pressing surface on the bar can be several millimeters, preferably more than 1 mm or even a few centimeters, preferably up to 3 cm. So significantly more than with classic pressed sheets, which can typically provide a maximum penetration depth of 400 pm. However, strips with a thickness of only a few pm, for example 50 pm to 1000 pm, can also be applied to the base structure. The material panels to be pressed can be shaped in advance Pressing process in a material plate press must be adapted and preformed to this penetration depth.

This creates the possibility that complex structures can be easily applied to the pressing tool using conventional surface treatment processes. The production of certain rustic surface structures, such as an imitation old wood structure for laminate or material panels with large, wide and deep gaps and joints, is therefore possible. But this also makes it easier to create structural elements or functional surfaces on the material panels. The surface structure of the basic structure is designed so that it can reach directly to the bar or its side edge.

Furthermore, it can be expedient if the receiving area of the basic structure, viewed in the pressing direction, is recessed relative to the pressing surface of the basic structure. This makes it possible, for example, to arrange the strip in a positive connection in the basic structure and to additionally fasten it there, for example by welding, soldering, gluing, screwing or clamping.

It can be advantageous for the receiving area of the base structure, viewed in the pressing direction, to be raised in relation to the pressing surface of the base structure. This raised surface can be obtained by masking during an etching or surface processing step. This makes it possible, for example, to arrange the strip on a flat surface on the base structure and to attach it there, for example by welding, soldering, gluing, screwing or clamping.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the receiving area of the base structure has a different surface structure compared to the pressing surface of the base structure, which surface structure is designed to receive the strip. For example, a corrugation or another interlocking surface structure can be provided. Alternatively, it would also be possible to apply the surface structure of the strip on its underside as a positive to the surface structure provided in the receiving area as a negative, which to adapt to natural materials such as wood. This makes it possible, for example, to arrange the strip in a force-fitting and/or form-fitting connection to the basic structure and to additionally fasten it there, for example by welding, soldering, gluing, screwing or clamping.

An embodiment is also advantageous, according to which it can be provided that a surface structure is arranged on the pressing surface of the strip, which has elevations and depressions, in particular in order to produce a structure on the surface when pressing material panels, which is modeled on a natural material such as wood . This means, for example, that joints can be formed on a material panel, which also have a surface structure that can be modeled on a natural material such as wood. Such cracks, joints or gaps in natural materials or between individual panels also have a natural and often rustic-looking structure on their sides and other bases. Thus, with the pressing tool according to the invention, not only cracks and gaps, but also joints between individual natural wooden panels or floorboards can be modeled and molded onto material panels, laminate or floor panels.

It can also be advantageous if the pressing surface of the strip and/or the pressing surface of the base structure each have at least two different degrees of gloss. This serves to create a true-to-life replica, especially with wood decors, tile decors or natural stone surfaces. By setting a certain level of gloss, it is also possible to create any reflections or shades that give the viewer the impression of a natural wooden surface or other materials.

Furthermore, it can be advantageously provided that at least two strips are arranged on the basic structure, which are arranged parallel or at right angles to each other. This means that crossing joints, intersecting cracks, gaps and scratches can also be simulated with such a pressing tool. In addition, it can be provided that strips are arranged on the basic structure, which form a frame and enclose part of the pressing surface of the basic structure. These strips can form a circumferential joint around a floor panel or a plate. These strips can be mitered and attached abutting one another, welded, glued, soldered or mechanically connected. The frame encloses the structured pressing surface arranged on the basic structure. The depressions and elevations of the pressing surface of the basic structure are typically arranged much lower than the pressing surface of the strips. When a pressing tool is used on the material plate, the pressing surface of the basic structure therefore forms the essentially flat-looking surface of a panel, while the strips form joints between the panels, for example.

Also advantageous is an embodiment according to which it can be provided that a side wall of the strip is arranged at an inclined angle relative to the pressing surface of the base structure, the angle preferably measuring between 30° and 85°. Planks or panels made from natural materials often have chamfers or edges that are not square. On the one hand, this advantageous design allows these structures to be modeled, but an inclined arrangement also supports the shaping during the pressing process.

In particular, it can be advantageous if strips which have curves or bends are arranged on the basic structure. Since floorboards or panels made of natural materials typically do not have any straight-line cracks, joints and gaps, it is advantageous to manufacture and apply the strips in such a way that they can be designed to follow the natural course of a structure.

Furthermore, it may be expedient for a strip structure to be arranged on the base structure, which strip structure is formed in one piece from a sheet metal and has recesses within the strip structure in order to accommodate areas of the pressing surface of the base structure. A strip structure can be produced in particular by punching, milling, cutting, laser cutting, water jet cutting, erosion or other common separation processes from cut out of a sheet or assembled from individual sheet metal strips by welding, laser welding or soldering

In addition, it can be provided that strips are arranged on the basic structure, which have different cross-sections and/or cross-sectional shapes in regions of their longitudinal extent. Cracks or gaps in natural materials can have a significant depth in relation to the thickness of a panel or plank. Such gaps or cracks have different cross-sections and/or cross-sectional shapes in areas of their longitudinal extent; this should advantageously be able to be modeled here.

According to a special embodiment, it is possible for the strip to consist of a different, more wear-resistant material than the material of the basic structure. Wear-resistant materials can be higher quality steel, ceramic coatings, tool steels or high-strength alloys. This can prevent wear and tear. It is particularly advantageous that the strips are arranged at those points on the pressing tool with the highest wear, namely at those points with the highest penetration depth, and therefore the pressing surface of the basic structure can be made of a less wear-resistant and therefore cheaper material, such as stainless steel .

In particular, it can be advantageous if the strip is made of a material that has a smaller modulus of elasticity than the material of the base structure. Materials that have a smaller modulus of elasticity than the material of the base structure can be plastic, rubber, aluminum, nickel, for example. The advantage here is that scratches and abrasion often occur at those points on the pressing tool that penetrate very deeply into the material plate during pressing; this is reduced with more elastic materials.

It can also be advantageous if the strip is made of a material that has a greater modulus of elasticity than the material of the basic structure. This would make it possible, for example, to produce very precise and fine embossings with the pressing tool on the material plate surface. In addition, it can be provided that the strip, viewed in the pressing direction, has a height extension which is at least twice the height extension of the basic structure. Thanks to the two-part structure consisting of the basic structure and the bar, very deep structures can be created on the pressing tool and thus in the pressing on the material plate. It is even possible to form an edge of a material plate which is typically more than 6 mm, preferably 24 mm, using the pressing tool.

Furthermore, it can be useful if the strip is applied to the basic structure using additive manufacturing processes. The strips can be applied by applying material or layer material in solid, liquid, pasty, gaseous or powdery form. Possible processes for this would be, for example, deposition welding, 3D printing, 3D sintering, lithography, casting or injection molding.

In particular, it can be advantageous if the pressing tool has at least one coating or surface treatment on the strip and the base structure, which is applied after the strip has been arranged on the base structure. This development of the invention enables the production of a coherent surface which can also conceal gaps or defects between the basic structure and the strip.

Furthermore, it can be expedient if at least one of the coatings is applied by chemical deposition. Coatings of the base structure, the strip as well as a coating applied after the base structure has been assembled with the strip can be produced using a classic chemical deposition process.

According to a special embodiment, it is possible that at least one of the coatings covers the surface of the pressing tool only in a partial area and the surface of the pressing tool is provided with different degrees of gloss, mattness and surface structures in different areas. By setting a certain degree of gloss, it is also possible to create possible reflections or shading. which give the viewer the impression of a natural wooden surface or other materials.

Press tool according to one of the preceding claims; wherein the elevations and depressions of the pressing surfaces are matched to a decoration to be pressed and the elevations and depressions have different degrees of gloss. In this way, a deep structure can be achieved which, for example, corresponds to the wood veins of a wood surface visible from the decorative layer.

It can be particularly advantageous if the coatings are metallic, ceramic or plastic. This means that the pressing tools can be manufactured with a special surface appearance and quality.

In an advantageous development, at least one of the coatings can be a chromium layer or a nickel-plated or nickel-containing coating. Chrome plating or nickel plating of pressed surfaces serves to increase wear resistance but also to produce intermediate layers for easier application of further functional layers such as ceramic layers.

Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are that areas of the side wall of the strip are treated by laser processing, matt etching, sandblasting, electrochemical etching, masking and etching or chemical treatment. Such a treatment can also produce a surface on the structures to be formed, such as joints, joints, cracks or gaps, which leaves a natural impression and, for example, imitates a wooden surface.

In addition, it can be provided that areas of the side wall of the strip form a pressing surface, thus also enabling surface structuring of the material plate with the pressing tool in the areas to be deeply formed, for example the flanks of the joints, joints, gaps or cracks.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing a pressing tool, wherein the pressing tool has a basic structure and is designed for pressing material plates in heating presses, wherein the method comprises: - Providing a basic structure which has a surface structure with elevations and depressions on at least one pressing surface in pressing areas

- Providing at least one bar with a pressing surface for arrangement on the base structure, the bar being arranged in a receiving area and

- The bar is placed in the receiving area in such a way that the surface structure directly adjoins a side wall of the bar.

Overall, the method according to the invention makes it possible to produce a press plate which, due to the two-part design of the base structure and the strip, allows for large height differences between a depression on the base structure and a pressing surface on the strip, and this is done in a simpler and more cost-effective manner. In particular, the structuring can also be carried out using known methods and depressions in a preferred range of 40 pm to a maximum of 400 pm on the pressing surface of the base structure and thus on a large part of the entire pressing surface of the pressing tool, and the strip can be manufactured separately from it.

The invention further relates to a method for producing a material plate with a structured surface by pressing, wherein a pressing tool according to the invention is used to press the material plate. This creates the possibility that complex structures can be easily applied to the pressing tool using conventional surface treatment processes. The production of certain rustic surface structures, such as an imitation old wood structure for laminate or material panels with large, wide and deep gaps and joints, is therefore possible. But this also makes it easier to create structural elements or functional surfaces on the material panels.

Furthermore, it can be useful if the method for producing a material plate additionally has the following steps:

- producing an intermediate product of the material plate, which has a surface structure that extends over the material plate surface to the edge arranged at an angle, preferably 45°, - Milling into the material plate from the side facing away from the material plate surface along the edge to form a folding channel with a fastening surface perpendicular to the material plate surface and a folding flag of the edge,

- Application of adhesive, in particular glue, into the folding channel, in particular onto the fastening surface of the folding channel,

- Fold over the folding flag to secure the edge against the fastening surface at a right angle to the material board surface,

- Cutting off the excess of the folding flag.

By using the pressing tool according to the invention, it is possible, for example, to make very deep press-ins in the edges, joints or joint area of a material plate such as a panel or plate, which can also be made, for example by material displacement, over the entire thickness of the material plate with a depth of up to several centimeters , preferably in a range between 1 mm and 30 mm. Coupled with the possibility of the edge being formed on an intermediate product of the material board at an angle, preferably between 30° and 85°, particularly preferably 45°, it is possible to mill into the board, especially into the core, for example made of MDF, pulpwood , chipboard, composite materials or wood from the side facing away from the material board surface along the edge to form a folding channel with a fastening surface formed at right angles to the material board surface and a folding tab of the edge. In this folding channel, core material is removed to enable the edge to be bent together with the cover layer, preferably made of melamine resin with the surface structure provided thereon and a remaining layer of core material. The resulting folding tab is longer than the thickness of the plate due to the angle of the edge to the plate surface. The folding flag is made so thin, preferably between 0.5 mm and 3 mm, so that it can be bent over to an angle of approx. 90° to the plate surface without cracks. The shape of the folding channel can also influence the shape of the transition area, for example ensuring a rounded or chamfered shape.

Furthermore, adhesive, in particular glue, is introduced into the folding channel, in particular onto the fastening surface of the folding channel, in order to fold over the folding flag along a formed fold line in the head area of the folding channel, attach it to the fastening surface at a right angle to the material panel surface. Finally, the protrusion of the folding flag must be removed in order to produce a panel with an edge that has a height that corresponds to the panel thickness. The edge can then be easily demolded and have a surface structure that can correspond exactly to that on the panel surface. However, it is also possible for other structures, such as end grain, to be formed in the area of the edges.

For a better understanding of the invention, it is explained in more detail with reference to the following figures.

They show in a highly simplified, schematic representation:

Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a pressing tool with a surface structure and strips arranged thereon;

Fig. 2 Sectional view of a pressing tool;

Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of a strip structure;

Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of a basic structure with a

surface structuring in areas;

Fig. 5 sectional views of an intermediate product and the material plate in different processing states.

As an introduction, it should be noted that in the differently described embodiments, the same parts are provided with the same reference numbers or the same component names, whereby the disclosures contained in the entire description can be transferred analogously to the same parts with the same reference numbers or the same component names. The position information selected in the description, such as top, bottom, side, etc., is also related to the figure directly described and shown and, in the event of a change in position, these position information must be transferred accordingly to the new position. Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a pressing tool 1 for pressing material panels in heating presses. The pressing tool has a basic structure 2 and at least one strip 3 arranged on the basic structure 2 with a pressing surface 4. The basic structure can be produced in a classic manufacturing process known from the prior art, for example as a stainless steel press plate, and structured using masking and etching steps.

When the pressing tool 1 is used as intended for the production or pressing of workpieces, a pressing surface 5 arranged on the base structure 2 serves to give a workpiece, in particular a material plate, a certain surface structure in order to reinforce or create the impression of a natural wood, tile or natural stone surface for a viewer of the workpiece, for example. For this purpose, the surface structure 6 of the base structure 2 is selected according to a certain template, for example according to a natural wood surface.

The basic structure 2 has a pressing surface 5 on which a surface structure 6 is arranged, which has elevations 7 and depressions 8, in particular in order to produce a structure on the surface of material plates when they are pressed, which is modeled on a natural material such as wood.

The strip 3 also has a pressing surface 4. In a further embodiment, this pressing surface can also have elevations 7 and depressions 8, but can also have a substantially flat pressing surface. The strip can be made of the same or a similar material as the basic structure, for example stainless steel. The strip can be manufactured independently of the basic structure in separate processing steps and structured if necessary.

The at least one bar 3 is arranged in a receiving area 9 of the basic structure 2. An attachment of the bar 3 to the base structure 2 can be provided in a form-fitting connection with the base structure 2; in addition, the receiving area 9 is geometrically, at least in the plan view of the pressing surface 5 of the base structure 2, to the shape of the bar is adapted and the surface structure borders directly on the receiving area 9 in the top view of the pressing surface 5 of the basic structure 2.

Fig. 2 shows a sectional view of a pressing tool (1) in a further embodiment with several strips 3. Fig. 2 also shows several different arrangement variants of the strips 3 in a receiving area 9.

The receiving area 9 of the basic structure 2 is in the first of these

Arrangement variants viewed in the pressing direction 10 are recessed relative to the pressing surface 5 of the basic structure 2. Such a depression can be produced using a mechanical, electrochemical etching process, or laser processing process.

In the second of these arrangement variants, the receiving area 9 of the basic structure 2 is formed in a raised manner relative to the pressing surface 5 of the basic structure 2 when viewed in the pressing direction 10. Such a raised area can be produced, for example, by means of a mask during the structuring of the areas 17 of the pressing surface 5 of the basic structure 2.

In the third of these arrangement variants, the receiving area 9 of the basic structure 2 has a different surface structure 11 compared to the pressing surface 5 of the basic structure 2 when viewed in the pressing direction 10. This surface structure 11 is designed to receive the strip 3. For example, a ribbing or another interlocking surface structure can be provided. Alternatively, it would also be possible to adapt the surface structure of the strip on its underside as a positive to the surface structure provided in the receiving area as a negative, which is modeled on a natural material such as wood.

On the pressing surface 4 of the bar 3, a surface structure 12 may be arranged, which has elevations 7 and depressions 8, in particular in order to produce a structure on the surface when pressing material panels, which is modeled on a natural material such as wood. This surface structure 12 can be produced independently of the structuring of the basic structure. The following structuring methods can be used for this: Structuring processes known from technology, such as masking and etching, are used.

The height extent 18 of the bar 2 or thickness of the bar 2 can, in a preferred embodiment, be greater than the height extent 19 or thickness of the base structure 2, each viewed in the section of FIG. 2 in the pressing direction.

In a further embodiment, the strips can have an angle 14 with respect to the pressing surface 5, which is preferably between 30° and 85°, particularly preferably 45°.

Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of a strip structure 15. In a further embodiment, this strip structure 15 is formed in one piece from a sheet metal and has recesses 16 within the strip structure 15 in order to accommodate areas 17 of the pressing surface 5 of the basic structure. The strip structure 15 can have a pressing surface 4 which has elevations 7 and depressions 8, in particular in order to produce a structure on the surface of material plates when they are pressed, which is modeled on a natural material such as wood. This pressing surface 4 can be produced independently of the structuring of the basic structure 2. The structuring methods known in the prior art, such as masking and etching, can be used for this purpose. The strip structure shown in Fig. 3 is intended for arrangement on the basic structure 2 shown in Fig. 4.

The strip structure 15 can be separated from a sheet metal in particular by punching, milling, cutting, laser cutting, water jet cutting, eroding or other common separation processes or can be assembled from individual sheet metal strips by welding, laser welding or soldering

Fig. 4 shows a schematic representation of a basic structure 2 with a surface structuring in areas 17 and receiving areas 9 for the arrangement of a strip 3 or a strip structure 15. The structuring methods known in the prior art, such as masking and etching, can be used as structuring methods for the areas 17. To avoid unnecessary repetition, reference is made to the detailed description in the previous Fig. 2.

In Fig. 5 a) to c) sectional views of an intermediate product 22 and the material plate 20 in different processing states are shown. In this further and possibly independent embodiment, a material plate 20 is described

Fig. 5 a) shows an intermediate product 22 of the material plate 20, which has a surface structure that extends over the material plate surface 21 to the edge arranged at an angle 23 which is preferably 30° to 85°, preferably 45°.

A milling in the material plate 20 from the side facing away from the material plate surface along the edge 24 is already visible in this Fig. 5 a) and a folding channel 25 with a fastening surface 26 formed at right angles to the material plate surface 21 and a folding flag 27 of the edge 24 is formed.

Adhesive 31, in particular glue, is introduced into the folding channel 25, in particular onto the fastening surface 26 of the folding channel 2, around the folding tab as can be seen in FIG to fix.

The total thickness of the material plate 20 can be up to several centimeters, preferably in a range between 1 mm and 30 mm. The core 29 of the material plate 20 can consist of, for example, MDF, fiberboard, chipboard, composite materials or wood.

Due to the angle 23 of the edge 24 to the material plate surface 21, the folding tab 27 of the intermediate product 22 is longer than the material plate 20 is thick. The folding tab 27 is made so thin, preferably between 0.5 mm and 3 mm, that it can be bent over to an angle of approximately 90° to the plate surface without cracks. The shape of the folding channel 25 can be chosen so that it influence the shape of the transition area between edge 24 and material plate surface 21, for example to form a rounded or chamfered shape.

In Fig. 5 c), the material plate 20 is shown as a finished product. The separation of the overhang 28 of the folding tab 27 has already taken place.

List of reference symbols

Press tool

Basic structure

strip

Press surface

Surface structure

Survey

Deepening

Recording area

Pressing direction

Surface structure

Side wall

Angle

Last structure

recesses

Area

Height extension

material plate

Material plate surface

Intermediate product

angle

Edge

Folding channel

mounting surface

Folding flag

Got over

Core

top layer

Adhesive

Claims

P a t e n t a n s c r ü c h e Press tool (1 ) designed for pressing material plates in heating presses, wherein the press tool has a basic structure (2) and at least one on the basic structure

(2) arranged bar

(3) with a pressing surface

(4), wherein the basic structure (2) has a pressing surface

(5) has a surface structure

(6) is arranged, which surveys

(7) and recesses

(8), in particular in order to produce a structure on the surface of material plates when pressing them, which is modeled on a natural material such as wood, characterized in that the at least one strip (3) is arranged in a receiving area (9) of the base structure (2), wherein the receiving area (9) is geometrically adapted to the strip and the surface structure (6) directly adjoins the receiving area (9). Pressing tool (1) according to claim 1, wherein the receiving area (9) of the base structure (2) is formed in a recessed manner compared to the pressing surface (5) of the base structure when viewed in the pressing direction (10). Pressing tool (1) according to claim 1, wherein the receiving area

(9) the basic structure in the pressing direction

(10) when viewed relative to the pressing surface (5) of the basic structure (2) is formed raised. Pressing tool (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the receiving area of the base structure (9) has a different surface structure (11) compared to the pressing surface (5) of the base structure (2), which surface structure

(11) is designed to accommodate the bar (3). Pressing tool (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein on the pressing surface (4) of the bar (3) a surface structure

(12) is arranged, which has elevations (7) and depressions (8), in particular in order to Pressing material plates to produce a structure on their surface which is modeled on a natural material such as wood. Pressing tool (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the pressing surface (4) of the strip (3) and/or the pressing surface (5) of the base structure (2) each have at least two different degrees of gloss. Pressing tool (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least two strips (3) are arranged on the base structure (2) which are arranged parallel or at right angles to one another. Pressing tool (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein strips (3) are arranged on the base structure (2) which form a frame and enclose an area (17) of the pressing surface (5) of the base structure (2). Pressing tool (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a side wall

(13) of the strip (3) is arranged at an angle (14) inclined to the pressing surface of the base structure, wherein the angle

(14) preferably measures between 30° and 85°. Pressing tool (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein strips (3) which have curves or bends are arranged on the basic structure (2). Pressing tool (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a strip structure is arranged on the base structure (2), which strip structure

(15) is formed in one piece from a sheet metal and has recesses

(16) within the strip structure (15) has areas

(17) of the pressing surface (5) of the basic structure (2). Pressing tool (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein strips (3) are arranged on the basic structure (2), which are arranged in areas of their Longitudinal extension have different cross sections and/or cross section shapes. Pressing tool (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the strip (3) consists of a different, more wear-resistant material than the material of the basic structure (2). Pressing tool (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the strip (3) consists of a material which has a smaller modulus of elasticity than the material of the basic structure (2). Pressing tool (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the strip (3) consists of a material which has a greater modulus of elasticity than the material of the basic structure (2). Pressing tool (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the bar (3) has a height extension when viewed in the pressing direction (10).

(18), which has at least twice a height extension

(19) of the basic structure (2). Press tool (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the strip (3) is applied to the basic structure (2) by means of additive manufacturing processes. Press tool (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the press tool (1) has at least one coating or surface treatment on the strip (3) and the basic structure (2), which are applied after the strip has been arranged on the basic structure. Press tool (1) according to claim 18, wherein at least one of the coatings is applied by chemical deposition. Press tool (1) according to one of claims 1 to 19, wherein at least one of the coatings covers the surface of the press tool (1) only in a partial area and the surface of the press tool (1) is provided with different degrees of gloss. Press tool (1) according to one of the preceding claims; wherein the elevations (7) and depressions (8) of the pressing surfaces (4, 5) are matched to a decoration to be pressed and the elevations (7) and depressions (8) have different degrees of gloss. Press tool (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the coatings are metallic, ceramic or contain plastic. Press tool (1) according to claim 22, wherein at least one of the coatings is a chrome layer or a nickel-plated or nickel-containing coating. Press tool (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein regions of the side wall (13) of the strip (3) are treated by laser processing, matt etching, sandblasting, electrochemical etching, masking and etching or chemical treatment. Press tool (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein areas of the side wall of the strip form a pressing surface (4). Method for producing a press tool (1), wherein the press tool (1) has a basic structure (2) and is designed for pressing material plates in heating presses, wherein the method comprises:

- Providing a basic structure (2) which has a surface structure with elevations and depressions in areas (17) at least on a pressing surface (5). - Providing at least one bar (3) with a pressing surface (4).

Arrangement on the basic structure (2), wherein the strip (3) is arranged in a receiving area (9) and

- The bar (3) is placed in the receiving area (9) so that the

Surface structure directly adjoins a side wall (13) of the strip (3). Method for producing a material plate (20) with a structured material plate surface (21) by pressing, wherein a pressing tool (1) according to one of claims 1 to 25 is used to press the material plate (20). Method for producing a material plate (20) according to claim 27, additionally comprising the following steps:

- producing an intermediate product (22) of the material plate (20) which has a surface structure which extends over the material plate surface (21) to the edge (24) arranged at an angle (23), preferably 45°,

- Milling into the material plate

(20) from the material plate surface

(21) along the edge (24) in order to form a folding channel (25) with a fastening surface (26) formed at right angles to the material plate surface (21) and a folding tab (27) of the edge (24),

- introduction of adhesive, in particular glue, into the folding channel (25), in particular onto the fastening surface (26) of the folding channel (25),

- Fold the folding flag (27) around the edge (24) at a right angle to the

material plate surface (21) against the mounting surface (26),

- Cutting off the excess (28) of the folding flag (27)