WO2024066406A1 - 焊接夹具及焊接设备 - Google Patents

焊接夹具及焊接设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024066406A1
WO2024066406A1 PCT/CN2023/095594 CN2023095594W WO2024066406A1 WO 2024066406 A1 WO2024066406 A1 WO 2024066406A1 CN 2023095594 W CN2023095594 W CN 2023095594W WO 2024066406 A1 WO2024066406 A1 WO 2024066406A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
frame
cover
negative pressure
pressure adsorption
welding fixture
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/095594
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵北明
傅利
张道巍
邱冬
Original Assignee
江苏时代新能源科技有限公司
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 江苏时代新能源科技有限公司, 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 江苏时代新能源科技有限公司
Publication of WO2024066406A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024066406A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
    • B23K37/0426—Fixtures for other work
    • B23K37/0435—Clamps
    • B23K37/0443—Jigs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/006—Vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/36—Electric or electronic devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of battery production, and in particular to a welding fixture and welding equipment.
  • the battery consists of a box and battery cells or battery modules contained in the box.
  • the box usually includes a frame and a cover.
  • the cover When assembling the box, the cover is first welded to the frame. When welding the cover and the frame, there is an uneven structure on the surface of the cover.
  • the conventional fixing method is to press the cover against the frame.
  • the pressure plate can easily crush the uneven structure on the surface of the cover. Taking the water-cooled plate as an example, since there are many bulging water channels on the water-cooled plate, the pressure plate can easily crush the water channels of the water-cooled plate, causing the water-cooled plate to be scrapped. This results in a high scrap rate and high production costs.
  • the purpose of the present application is to provide a welding fixture and welding equipment to address the above-mentioned problems, which can reduce the risk of damage to the cover.
  • the present application provides a welding fixture for fixing a frame and a cover, wherein the cover covers a first opening of the frame, and comprises a base, a frame positioning mechanism and a negative pressure adsorption mechanism; the base comprises a placement area for placing the frame; the frame positioning mechanism is arranged on the base for positioning the frame; the negative pressure adsorption mechanism is arranged on the placement area for generating negative pressure to adsorb the cover so that the cover is pressed tightly against the frame.
  • the negative pressure adsorption mechanism is located on the inner side of the fixed frame, the cover is placed on the frame, and the negative pressure adsorption mechanism adsorbs the bottom surface of the cover. Under the action of the adsorption force, the cover fits tightly with the welding area of the frame.
  • the adsorption force of the negative pressure adsorption mechanism can act evenly on the surface of the cover, reducing the risk of damage to the cover due to excessive concentrated pressure.
  • the negative pressure adsorption mechanism includes a first negative pressure adsorption unit and a second negative pressure adsorption unit, the number of the first negative pressure adsorption units is greater than the number of the second negative pressure adsorption units, and the adsorption area of the first negative pressure adsorption unit is smaller than the adsorption area of the second negative pressure adsorption unit.
  • the first negative pressure adsorption unit is arranged around the center interval of the cover so that each part of the cover can be subjected to the adsorption force from the first negative pressure adsorption unit.
  • Multiple first negative pressure adsorption units apply a smaller adsorption force to the cover so that the cover is in close contact with the welding area of the frame.
  • the second negative pressure adsorption unit then applies a larger adsorption force to the cover to fix the position of the cover and reduce the risk of displacement of the cover during welding.
  • a plurality of the first negative pressure adsorption units are arranged at intervals around the second negative pressure adsorption unit.
  • the first negative pressure adsorption unit is closer to the welding area between the cover and the frame than the second negative pressure adsorption unit.
  • Multiple first negative pressure adsorption units can adsorb the part of the cover close to the edge and pull it toward the welding area of the frame, so that the welding area of the cover and the frame fit tightly, and at the same time, the contact surface between the cover and the frame is evenly stressed, reducing the risk of local skewness of the cover.
  • the first negative pressure adsorption unit is a bowl-shaped suction cup
  • the second negative pressure adsorption unit is a square suction cup
  • the bowl-shaped suction cup will discharge the internal air and reduce its volume when adsorbing the cover.
  • the cover is pulled toward the welding area of the frame, so that the cover and the welding area of the frame fit tightly together, reducing the risk of local tilting of the cover;
  • the square suction cup has a larger contact area with the cover, which can provide a greater adsorption force for the cover and reduce the risk of displacement of the cover during welding.
  • the welding fixture further includes a heating mechanism, which is disposed in the placement area and is used to heat the covering member.
  • the heating mechanism heats the cover, and the cover expands in volume after the temperature rises, which is specifically manifested in that the edge of the cover stretches toward its own width and length, thereby welding the frame to the expanded cover.
  • the heating mechanism stops heating, and as the temperature of the cover decreases, the cover tends to shrink. Since the edge of the cover has been welded to the frame, the shrinkage force of the cover will act on the center of the cover, stretching the center of the cover toward the edge of the cover, thereby straightening the central part of the cover and improving the overall flatness of the cover.
  • the heating mechanism comprises a heating plate, the heating plate comprises an elastic insulating layer and a heating wire, the heating wire is embedded in the elastic insulating layer, and the heating plate is used to fit the covering member to heat the covering member.
  • the elastic insulating layer is in close contact with the cover in the form of surface contact, and the heating wire heats the cover through the elastic insulating layer, so that the cover can be heated evenly.
  • the elastic insulating layer is made of silicone.
  • the silicone is relatively soft and not easy to scratch the cover, and on the other hand, the silicone can deform according to the shape of the surface of the cover, allowing itself to fit perfectly with the cover so that the cover can be heated evenly.
  • the heating mechanism includes a plurality of heating plates arranged in the same plane and spaced apart from each other.
  • the negative pressure adsorption mechanism includes a second negative pressure adsorption unit and multiple first negative pressure adsorption units, and multiple heating plates are alternately arranged with the second negative pressure adsorption unit and multiple first negative pressure adsorption units, so that all parts of the cover are evenly subjected to the adsorption force and can also be evenly heated.
  • the heating mechanism further includes a first bracket with adjustable height, the first bracket is disposed in the placement area, and the first bracket is used to support the heating plate.
  • the first bracket can adapt to the frame fixed to the placement area and adjust its own height so that the top surface of the heating plate can fit with the bottom surface of the cover, making it easier for the heating plate to heat the cover.
  • the heating mechanism further includes a hot air blower, and the hot air blower is used to blow hot air toward the cover.
  • the hot air blower can heat the cover by blowing hot air to the surface of the cover that is not in contact with the heating plate, so that the cover can be heated evenly.
  • the frame positioning mechanism includes a first positioning mechanism, which includes a positioning pin extending along the thickness direction of the cover, and the positioning pin cooperates with a through hole on the frame to achieve positioning of the frame.
  • the through holes on the frame cooperate with the positioning pins to limit the movement of the frame in the second direction or the third direction, and the frame is preliminarily positioned before the frame contacts the placement area of the base.
  • the frame positioning mechanism includes a second positioning mechanism, which includes a pressing member and a locking member.
  • the pressing member is rotatably connected to the base, and the pressing member is configured to switch between a pressing position and an open position.
  • the locking member is used to lock the pressing member in the pressing position so that the pressing member presses the frame onto the base.
  • the pressing member is flipped to press the frame onto the base, thereby limiting the movement of the frame in the first direction and further positioning the frame placed in the placement area.
  • the frame positioning mechanism includes a third positioning mechanism, and the third positioning mechanism includes an inner clamp and an outer clamp, the inner clamp is used to press the frame from the inner periphery of the frame, and the outer clamp is used to press the frame from the outer periphery of the frame.
  • the inner clamping member and the outer clamping member move toward the frame to clamp the frame and fix the position of the frame in the placement area.
  • the cover is a water-cooled plate.
  • the present application provides a welding device, comprising the welding fixture of the first aspect and a welding execution unit, wherein the welding execution unit is used to weld the cover to the frame.
  • FIG1 is an exploded view of a welding fixture provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a welding fixture provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG3 is a top view of a welding fixture provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the A-A section in Fig. 3 when the cover is not placed;
  • FIG5 is an enlarged view of point B in FIG4 when the cover is placed
  • FIG6 is a schematic structural diagram of a first negative pressure adsorption unit provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG7 is a schematic structural diagram of a second negative pressure adsorption unit provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG8 is an exploded view of a second negative pressure adsorption unit provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heating mechanism provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG10 is an exploded view of a heating mechanism provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a hot air blower and a protective cover provided in some embodiments of the present application;
  • FIG12 is an exploded view of a hot air blower and a shield provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG13 is a schematic structural diagram of a first positioning mechanism provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG14 is a schematic structural diagram of a second positioning mechanism provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG15 is a schematic structural diagram of an inner clamping member of a third positioning mechanism provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an outer clamping member of a third positioning mechanism provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Icons 1-frame; 10-connecting part; 2-covering part; 3-base; 4-frame positioning mechanism; 41-first positioning mechanism; 411-positioning pin; 412-first mounting seat; 42-second positioning mechanism; 421-pressing member; 422-locking member; 43-third positioning mechanism; 431-inner clamping member; 432-outer clamping member; 5-negative pressure adsorption mechanism; 51-first negative pressure adsorption unit; 52-second negative pressure adsorption unit; 511-bowl-shaped suction cup; 512-first mounting foot; 521-square suction cup; 522-second mounting seat; 6-heating mechanism; 61-heating plate; 62-first bracket; 63-supporting member; 64-hot air blower; 641-second bracket; 642-air duct; 65-shield; X-first direction; Y-second direction; Z-third direction.
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, “connected”, and “attached” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements.
  • installed should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements.
  • a and/or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone.
  • the character "/" in this application generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two).
  • multiple groups refers to more than two groups (including two groups)
  • multiple sheets refers to more than two sheets (including two sheets).
  • Power batteries are not only used in energy storage power systems such as hydropower, thermal power, wind power and solar power stations, but also widely used in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric cars, as well as military equipment and aerospace and other fields. With the continuous expansion of the application field of power batteries, the market demand is also constantly expanding.
  • the battery mentioned refers to a single physical module that includes one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery generally includes a box for encapsulating one or more battery cells.
  • the box can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the box body includes a frame and a cover such as a water cooling plate, and the cover is welded to the frame.
  • the conventional way to fix the cover is to use a pressing plate to press the cover against the welding area of the frame.
  • the pressing plate presses the cover with an uneven surface the cover may be deformed or even damaged.
  • the cover as a water-cooled plate as an example, when the pressing plate presses the water-cooled plate, the pressing plate presses on the bulging water channel of the water-cooled plate.
  • the contact surface between the pressing plate and the water channel of the water-cooled plate is small, which can easily squeeze and damage the water channel of the water-cooled plate, causing the water-cooled plate to be scrapped, resulting in a high scrap rate and high production costs.
  • this application designs a welding fixture, and a negative pressure adsorption mechanism is set on the placement area of the base for placing the frame.
  • the negative pressure adsorption mechanism can generate negative pressure to suck the cover toward the frame, so that the cover and the frame fit tightly.
  • the adsorption force generated by the negative pressure mechanism can act evenly on the adsorbed surface of the cover, reducing the risk of damage to the cover, improving the production yield, and reducing production costs.
  • the welding fixture disclosed in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to, but not limited to, the welding process of the battery box, and can also be applied to the welding process of the box of other equipment.
  • the present application provides a welding fixture for fixing a frame 1 and a cover 2, the cover 2 covers the first opening of the frame 1, and the welding fixture includes a base 3, a frame positioning mechanism 4 and a negative pressure adsorption mechanism 5; the base 3 includes a placement area for placing the frame 1; the frame positioning mechanism 4 is arranged on the base 3, for positioning the frame 1; the negative pressure adsorption mechanism 5 is arranged in the placement area, for generating negative pressure to adsorb the cover 2 so that the cover 2 is pressed tightly against the frame 1.
  • the placement area may be the central area of the top surface of the base 3 .
  • the cover 2 may be a water-cooled plate; or, the cover 2 may be a bottom plate of a box; or, the surface of the cover 2 may be provided with grooves matching those of the battery cells.
  • the multiple negative pressure adsorption mechanisms 5 may be arranged at intervals in the placement area.
  • the multiple negative pressure adsorption mechanisms 5 may be arranged to avoid the uneven parts of the surface of the cover 2 .
  • the negative pressure adsorption mechanism 5 is located on the inner side of the fixed frame 1, and the cover 2 is placed on the frame 1.
  • the negative pressure adsorption mechanism 5 adsorbs the bottom surface of the cover 2.
  • the cover 2 fits tightly with the welding area of the frame 1 under the action of the adsorption force.
  • the adsorption force of the negative pressure adsorption mechanism 5 can act evenly on the surface of the cover 2, reducing the risk of damage to the cover 2 due to excessive concentrated pressure.
  • the negative pressure adsorption mechanism 5 includes a first negative pressure adsorption unit 51 and a second negative pressure adsorption unit 52, the number of the first negative pressure adsorption units 51 is greater than the number of the second negative pressure adsorption units 52, and the adsorption area of the first negative pressure adsorption unit 51 is smaller than the adsorption area of the second negative pressure adsorption unit 52.
  • a plurality of first negative pressure adsorption units 51 may be disposed around the second negative pressure adsorption unit 52 .
  • the number of the second negative pressure adsorption unit 52 may be one; or, the number of the second negative pressure adsorption unit 52 may be multiple (eg, two, three, four, five, etc.).
  • the plurality of first negative pressure adsorption units 51 can be arranged to avoid the water channel of the water-cooling plate.
  • the first negative pressure adsorption unit 51 is arranged around the center of the cover 2, so that each part of the cover 2 can be subjected to the adsorption force from the first negative pressure adsorption unit 51.
  • the multiple first negative pressure adsorption units 51 first apply a smaller adsorption force to the cover 2 to make the cover 2 in close contact with the welding area of the frame 1.
  • the second negative pressure adsorption unit 52 then applies a larger adsorption force to the cover 2 to fix the position of the cover 2 and reduce the risk of displacement of the cover 2 during the welding process.
  • a plurality of first negative pressure adsorption units 51 are arranged at intervals around the second negative pressure adsorption unit 52 .
  • the number of the second negative pressure adsorption unit 52 can be one, and the setting position of the second negative pressure adsorption unit 52 is opposite to the center of the cover 2; or, the number of the second negative pressure adsorption unit 52 can be multiple (such as two, three, four, five, etc.), and multiple second negative pressure adsorption units 52 are arranged at intervals around the center of the cover 2.
  • the first negative pressure adsorption unit 51 is closer to the welding area between the cover 2 and the frame 1 than the second negative pressure adsorption unit 52.
  • the multiple first negative pressure adsorption units 51 can adsorb the portion of the cover 2 close to the edge and pull it toward the welding area of the frame 1, so that the welding area between the cover 2 and the frame 1 fits tightly, and at the same time, the contact surface between the cover 2 and the frame 1 is evenly stressed, reducing the risk of local warping of the cover 2.
  • the first negative pressure adsorption unit 51 is a bowl-shaped suction cup 511
  • the second negative pressure adsorption unit 52 is a square suction cup 521 .
  • a suction cup is a component that uses atmospheric pressure or liquid pressure to secure itself to a non-porous surface by expelling the air or liquid inside.
  • the material of the bowl-shaped suction cup 511 can be an elastic material. After the bowl-shaped suction cup 511 contacts the cover 2, it can be deformed according to the shape of the bottom surface of the cover 2, so that it fits with the bottom surface of the cover 2, reducing the risk of leakage of the adsorption force, so that the bowl-shaped suction cup 511 can stably adsorb the cover 2.
  • the bowl-shaped suction cup 511 can be installed in the placement area through the first mounting foot 512.
  • a plurality of bowl-shaped suction cups 511 can be arranged on the mounting foot.
  • the material of the square suction cup 521 can be an elastic material. After the square suction cup 521 contacts the cover 2, it can be deformed according to the shape of the bottom surface of the cover 2, so that it fits with the bottom surface of the cover 2, reducing the risk of leakage of the adsorption force, so that the square suction cup 521 can stably adsorb the cover 2.
  • the square suction cup 521 can be installed in the placement area through the second mounting seat 522 .
  • the top surface of the bowl-shaped suction cup 511 can exceed the top surface of the frame 1.
  • the cover 2 first contacts the top surface of the bowl-shaped suction cup 511.
  • the bowl-shaped suction cup 511 extracts the internal air through the vacuum cylinder to form a local vacuum to adsorb the cover 2.
  • the cover 2 is pulled toward the frame 1, so that the frame 1 fits the welding area of the frame 1, and at the same time, the bottom surface of the cover 2 contacts the square suction cup 521, which is convenient for the square suction cup 521 to adsorb the cover 2 to fix the position of the cover 2.
  • the bowl-shaped suction cup 511 will expel the internal air and reduce its own volume when adsorbing the cover 2, thereby pulling the cover 2 toward the welding area of the frame 1, making the cover 2 fit tightly with the welding area of the frame 1, reducing the risk of local warping of the cover 2; the square suction cup 521 has a larger contact area with the cover 2, which can provide a greater adsorption force for the cover 2, reducing the risk of displacement of the cover 2 during the welding process.
  • the welding fixture further includes a heating mechanism 6 , and the heating mechanism 6 is disposed in the placement area for heating the cover 2 .
  • the heating mechanism 6 is located inside the frame 1 fixed to the placement area, and the bottom surface of the cover 2 faces the heating mechanism 6 .
  • the heating mechanism 6 may include a heating plate 61 attached to the bottom surface of the cover 2 to ensure uniform heating of the cover 2; or, the heating mechanism 6 may include a heating lamp disposed at a distance from the bottom surface of the cover 2 to heat the cover 2 using thermal radiation.
  • the second direction Y shown in the figure is the length direction of the cover 2.
  • the third direction Z shown in the figure is the width direction of the cover.
  • the heating mechanism 6 heats the cover 2.
  • the volume of the cover 2 expands, which is specifically manifested in that the edges of the cover 2 stretch toward its own width and length, and the frame 1 and the expanded cover 2 are welded; after the welding is completed, the heating mechanism 6 stops heating, and as the temperature of the cover 2 decreases, the cover 2 tends to shrink. Because the edge of the cover 2 has been welded to the frame 1, the shrinkage force of the cover 2 will act on the center of the cover 2, stretching the center of the cover 2 toward the edge of the cover 2, thereby straightening the central part of the cover 2 and improving the overall flatness of the cover 2.
  • the heating mechanism 6 includes a heating plate 61, the heating plate 61 includes an elastic insulating layer and a heating wire, the heating wire is embedded in the elastic insulating layer, and the heating plate 61 is used to fit together with the cover 2 to heat the cover 2.
  • the material of the elastic insulating layer may be, but is not limited to, engineering plastics, resin, rubber, silicone, etc.
  • the elastic insulating layer is in close contact with the cover 2 in the form of surface contact, and the electric heating wire heats the cover 2 through the elastic insulating layer, so that the cover 2 can be heated evenly.
  • the elastic insulating layer is made of silicone.
  • Silica gel is a granular porous silicon dioxide hydrate with heat resistance and electrical insulation properties. It can be used in high temperature environments. Its surface is soft and easy to deform, but it is also smooth and not easy to stick.
  • silicone is relatively soft and is not easy to scratch the cover 2.
  • silicone can deform according to the shape of the surface of the cover 2, making itself fit completely with the cover 2 so that the cover 2 can be heated evenly.
  • the heating mechanism 6 includes a plurality of heating plates 61 that are arranged in the same plane and spaced apart from each other.
  • the number of the heating plates 61 may be two, three, four, five, six, seven, etc.
  • a plurality of heating plates 61 may be disposed around the negative pressure adsorption mechanism 5 ; or, the plurality of heating plates 61 may be disposed alternately with the plurality of first negative pressure adsorption units 51 and the second negative pressure adsorption units 52 .
  • the negative pressure adsorption mechanism 5 includes a second negative pressure adsorption unit 52 and multiple first negative pressure adsorption units 51, and multiple heating plates 61 are alternately arranged with the second negative pressure adsorption unit 52 and multiple first negative pressure adsorption units 51, so that each part of the cover 2 can be evenly subjected to adsorption force and heat.
  • the heating mechanism 6 further includes a first bracket 62 with adjustable height, the first bracket 62 is disposed in the placement area, and the first bracket 62 is used to support the heating plate 61 .
  • the heating mechanism 6 may further include a support member 63 , which is supported between the heating plate 61 and the first bracket 62 .
  • the support member 63 has a flat top surface that fits the bottom surface of the heating plate 61 , so that the heating plate 61 can remain flat and fit the cover 2 .
  • the number of the first bracket 62 may be one, and the first bracket 62 is supported at the center of the heating plate 61 ; or the number of the first bracket 62 may be multiple, and the multiple first brackets 62 are arranged at intervals around the center of the heating plate 61 .
  • the first bracket 62 can adapt to the frame 1 fixed to the placement area and adjust its own height so that the top surface of the heating plate 61 can fit with the bottom surface of the cover 2, so that the heating plate 61 can heat the cover 2.
  • the heating mechanism 6 further includes a hot air blower 64 , and the hot air blower 64 is used to blow hot air toward the cover 2 .
  • the hot air blower 64 can be installed in the placement area through a plurality of second brackets 641 .
  • the output end of the hot air blower 64 may be connected to an air duct 642 , and the air duct 642 is used to guide the hot air to blow toward the bottom surface of the cover 2 to heat the cover 2 .
  • the heating mechanism 6 further includes a protective cover 65 , which is disposed on the outside of the hot air blower 64 to protect the hot air blower 64 .
  • the number of the hot air blowers 64 can be multiple (such as two, three, four, five, etc.), and the multiple hot air blowers 64 are arranged at intervals around the center of the placement area.
  • the hot air blower 64 can heat the surface of the cover 2 that is not in contact with the heating plate 61 by blowing hot air, so that the cover 2 can be heated evenly.
  • the welding fixture further includes a weld support block, which is disposed in the placement area and around the heating mechanism 6, and is used to support the welding point between the cover 2 and the frame 1.
  • a heat insulation layer is disposed on one side of the weld support block close to the heating mechanism 6, and the material of the heat insulation layer may be, but is not limited to, heat insulation cotton, polystyrene foam board, etc.; the heat insulation layer can inhibit the process of heat being transferred to the frame 1 and then dissipated by the frame 1, shorten the heating time of the cover 2, reduce the energy loss of the heating mechanism 6 heating the cover 2, enable the heat to be enclosed inside the frame 1, and act on the cover 2 in a concentrated manner, thereby accelerating the heating speed of the cover 2.
  • the frame positioning mechanism 4 includes a first positioning mechanism 41, the first positioning mechanism 41 includes a positioning pin 411, the positioning pin 411 extends along the thickness direction of the cover 2, the first positioning mechanism 41 is arranged on the base 3 through a first mounting seat 412, and the positioning pin 411 cooperates with the through hole on the frame 1 to achieve positioning of the frame 1.
  • the first direction X is the thickness direction of the cover 2 .
  • the first positioning mechanism also includes a first mounting seat 412.
  • the outer wall of the frame 1 is provided with a connecting portion 10 for connecting other components.
  • the connecting portion 10 is provided with a through hole for fasteners (such as screws, bolts, etc.) to pass through.
  • the positioning pin 411 can pass through or be pulled out of the through hole on the connecting portion 10.
  • first positioning mechanisms 41 There may be a plurality of first positioning mechanisms 41 , and the plurality of first positioning mechanisms 41 are spaced apart and distributed around the placement area.
  • the through holes on the frame 1 cooperate with the positioning pins 411 to limit the movement of the frame 1 along the second direction Y or the third direction Z, and the frame 1 is initially positioned before the frame 1 contacts the placement area of the base 3.
  • the frame positioning mechanism 4 includes a second positioning mechanism 42
  • the second positioning mechanism 42 includes a clamping member 421 and a locking member 422
  • the clamping member 421 is rotatably connected to the base 3
  • the clamping member 421 is configured to switch between a clamping position and an open position
  • the locking member 422 is used to lock the clamping member 421 in the clamping position so that the clamping member 421 presses the frame 1 onto the base 3.
  • the pressing member 421 may be a pressing arm, one end of which is rotatably connected to the base 3. After the frame 1 is placed in the placement area, the pressing arm is flipped so that the other end of the pressing arm is pressed against the top surface of the frame 1.
  • the locking member 422 may be a positioning bolt, and a threaded hole adapted to the positioning bolt is provided on the base 3. When the pressing arm is in the pressing position, the positioning bolt is threadedly engaged with the threaded hole to lock the pressing arm in a state of pressing the frame 1; after welding is completed, the positioning bolt is disengaged from the bolt hole, the pressing arm is flipped away from the frame 1, and the pressing arm is switched from the pressing position to the open position.
  • the pressing member 421 is turned over to press the frame 1 onto the base 3, thereby limiting the movement of the frame 1 in the first direction X and further positioning the frame 1 placed in the placement area.
  • the frame positioning mechanism 4 includes a third positioning mechanism 43, the third positioning mechanism 43 includes an inner clamping member 431 and an outer clamping member 432, the inner clamping member 431 is used to The inner periphery presses the frame 1 , and the outer clamp 432 presses the frame 1 from the outer periphery of the frame 1 .
  • the inner clamping member 431 is disposed on the inner side of the frame 1 located in the placement area, and the outer clamping member 432 is disposed on the outer side of the frame 1 located in the placement area.
  • the inner clamping member 431 moves toward the frame 1 and contacts the inner wall of the frame 1
  • the outer clamping member 432 moves toward the frame 1 and contacts the outer surface of the frame 1 .
  • the moving direction of the inner clamping member 431 and the moving direction of the outer clamping member 432 are in the same straight line.
  • the inner clamping member 431 and the outer clamping member 432 move toward the frame 1 to clamp the frame 1 and fix the position of the frame 1 in the placement area.
  • the frame 1 After the through hole on the frame 1 cooperates with the positioning pin 411, the frame 1 is placed in the placement area, and the first positioning mechanism 41 preliminarily positions the frame 1; the pressing member 421 is flipped to press the frame 1 on the base 3, and the locking member 422 locks the pressing member 421 to fix the frame 1 to the base 3, limiting the movement of the frame 1 along the first direction X; the inner clamping member 431 and the outer clamping member 432 move toward the frame 1 to clamp the frame 1, fix the position of the frame 1 on the base 3, and limit the movement of the frame 1 along the second direction Y or the third direction Z.
  • the cover 2 is a water cooling plate.
  • the water cooling plate is a component used to control the temperature of the battery cells in the box, and a water channel for water to pass through is opened inside the water cooling plate.
  • inputting higher-temperature water into the water channel of the water cooling plate can increase the temperature of the battery cell so that the temperature of the battery cell can be maintained at the operating temperature; when the battery is in a high-temperature environment, inputting lower-temperature water into the water channel of the water cooling plate can lower the temperature of the battery cell, reduce the risk of thermal runaway of the battery cell, and improve the safety of the battery cell.
  • the present application further provides a welding device, which includes the welding fixture and a welding execution unit as described above, and the welding execution unit is used to weld the cover 2 to the frame 1.
  • the present application provides a welding fixture for fixing a frame 1 and a cover 2, the cover 2 covers the first opening of the frame 1, and the cover 2 is a water-cooled plate.
  • the welding fixture includes a base 3, a frame positioning mechanism 4, a negative pressure adsorption mechanism 5, and a heating mechanism 6.
  • the base 3 includes a placement area for placing the frame 1, and the frame positioning mechanism 4 is arranged on the base 3 for fixing the frame 1.
  • the frame positioning mechanism 4 includes a first positioning mechanism 41, a second positioning mechanism 42, and a third positioning mechanism 43.
  • the first positioning mechanism 41 includes a positioning pin 411 that can pass through a through hole on the frame 1 to limit the movement of the frame 1
  • the second positioning mechanism 42 includes a pressing member 421 for pressing the frame 1 on the base 3
  • the third positioning mechanism 43 includes an inner clamping member 431 for pressing the frame 1 from the inside of the frame 1 and an outer clamping member 432 for pressing the frame 1 from the outside of the frame 1.
  • the negative pressure adsorption mechanism 5 is arranged in the placement area, and the negative pressure adsorption mechanism 5 includes a plurality of first negative pressure adsorption units 51 and a plurality of second negative pressure adsorption units 52.
  • the plurality of second negative pressure adsorption units 52 are arranged at intervals around the center of the placement area, a portion of the plurality of first negative pressure adsorption units 51 is arranged around the plurality of second negative pressure adsorption units 52, and another portion of the plurality of first negative pressure adsorption units 51 is arranged alternately with the plurality of second negative pressure adsorption units 52.
  • the first negative pressure adsorption unit 51 is a bowl-shaped suction cup 511
  • the second negative pressure adsorption unit 52 is a square suction cup 521.
  • the heating mechanism 6 is arranged in the placement area for heating the cover 2.
  • the heating mechanism 6 includes a heating plate 61, and the material of the heating plate 61 is silica gel.
  • the heating plate 61 is arranged in the placement area through a first height-adjustable bracket 62.
  • the number of the heating plates 61 is multiple, and the plurality of heating plates 61 are arranged around the center of the placement area.
  • the heating mechanism 6 also includes a plurality of hot air blowers 64, and the plurality of hot air blowers 64 heat the bottom surface of the cover 2 that is not in contact with the heating plate 61.
  • the present application also provides a welding device, including the above-mentioned welding fixture and a welding execution unit.
  • the welding execution unit is a stirring head used for the FSW (Friction Stir Welding) process.
  • the welding execution unit is rotated and inserted into the welding point of the frame 1 and the cover 2.
  • the friction between the welding execution unit and the frame 1 and the cover 2 generates frictional heat, which causes the frame 1 and the cover 2 to be thermally plasticized and plastic flow to occur.
  • a solid phase connection is formed behind the welding execution unit.
  • the negative pressure adsorption mechanism 5 fixes the position of the cover 2 by adsorbing the cover 2, and the adsorption force acts evenly on the adsorbed surface of the cover 2, reducing the risk of damage to the cover 2 due to stress concentration; the multiple first negative pressure adsorption units 51 pull the cover 2 toward the frame 1 through the adsorption force, so that the cover 2 is in close contact with the welding area of the frame 1, and the second negative pressure adsorption unit 52 provides a larger adsorption force for the cover 2 to fix the position of the cover 2, reducing the risk of the cover 2 moving during the welding process; the heating mechanism 6 heats the cover 2, and the cover 2 expands in volume after the temperature rises, which is specifically manifested in that the edge of the cover 2 stretches in the direction of its own width and length, and the frame 1 is welded to the expanded cover 2.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种焊接夹具，包括底座(3)、框架定位机构(4)和负压吸附机构(5)；底座包括用于放置框架(1)的放置区；框架定位机构设置于底座，用于定位框架；负压吸附机构设置于放置区，用于产生负压以吸附覆盖件(2)，使覆盖件压紧于框架。该焊接夹具能够降低覆盖件损坏的风险，提升箱体的良品率，降低生产成本。还涉及一种焊接设备。

Description

焊接夹具及焊接设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有2022年09月29日提交的名称为“焊接夹具及焊接设备”的中国专利申请(202211196034.3)的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池生产技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种焊接夹具及焊接设备。
背景技术
节能减排是汽车产业可持续发展的关键，电动车辆由于其节能环保的优势成为汽车产业可持续发展的重要组成部分。对于电动车辆而言，电池技术又是关乎其发展的一项重要因素。
电池由箱体和容纳在箱体内的电池单体或电池模组组成，箱体通常包括框架和覆盖件。组装箱体时，先将覆盖件焊接到框架上，在进行覆盖件与框架的焊接时，覆盖件的表面存在凹凸不平的结构，常规的固定方式是将覆盖件压紧在框架，压板容易将覆盖件表面凹凸不平的结构压坏。以覆盖件为水冷板为例，由于水冷板上有很多鼓起的水道，压板容易将水冷板的水道压坏，造成水冷板的报废。导致生产废品率高，生产成本高。
发明内容
本申请的目的在于针对上述问题，提供一种焊接夹具及焊接设备，能够降低覆盖件损坏的风险。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种焊接夹具，用于固定框架和覆盖件，所述覆盖件覆盖所述框架的第一开口，包括底座、框架定位机构和负压吸附机构；底座包括用于放置所述框架的放置区；框架定位机构设置于所述底座，用于定位所述框架；负压吸附机构设置于所述放置区，用于产生负压以吸附所述覆盖件，使所述覆盖件压紧于所述框架。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，框架被框架定位机构固定在放置区后，负压吸附机构位于被固定的框架内侧，覆盖件被放置到框架上，负压吸附机构对覆盖件的底面进行吸附，覆盖件在吸附力的作用下与框架的焊接区紧密贴合，负压吸附机构的吸附力能够均匀的作用在覆盖件表面，降低覆盖件因受到的压力过于集中而损坏的风险。
在一些实施例中，所述负压吸附机构包括第一负压吸附单元和第二负压吸附单元，所述第一负压吸附单元的数量大于所述第二负压吸附单元的数量，所述第一负压吸附单元的吸附面积小于所述第二负压吸附单元的吸附面积。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，覆盖件放置到被固定于放置区的框架上后，第一负压吸附单元围绕覆盖件的中心间隔设置，使覆盖件的各处均能受到来自第一负压吸附单元的吸附力，多个第一负压吸附单元对覆盖件施加较小的吸附力，使覆盖件与框架的焊接区紧密接触，第二负压吸附单元再对覆盖件施加较大的吸附力，以对覆盖件进行位置固定，降低覆盖件在焊接过程中发生位移的风险。
在一些实施例中，多个所述第一负压吸附单元围绕所述第二负压吸附单元间隔设置。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，第一负压吸附单元相较于第二负压吸附单元更为靠近覆盖件与框架的焊接区，多个第一负压吸附单元能够吸附住覆盖件靠近边缘的部分，并将其拉向框架的焊接区，使覆盖件与框架的焊接区紧密贴合，同时使覆盖件与框架的接触面均匀受力，降低覆盖件局部歪斜的风险。
在一些实施例中，所述第一负压吸附单元为碗状吸盘，所述第二负压吸附单元为方形吸盘。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，碗状吸盘在吸附覆盖件时会排出内部空气使自身体积缩小， 从而将覆盖件拉向框架的焊接区，使覆盖件与框架的焊接区紧密贴合，降低覆盖件局部倾斜的风险；方形吸盘与覆盖件的接触面较大，能够为覆盖件提供较大的吸附力，降低覆盖件在焊接过程中发生位移的风险。
在一些实施例中，所述焊接夹具还包括加热机构，所述加热机构设置于所述放置区，用于加热所述覆盖件。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，覆盖件放置在框架上后，加热机构对覆盖件进行加热，覆盖件温度升高后发生体积膨胀，具体表现为覆盖件的边缘朝向自身的宽度和长度方向伸展，将框架与体积膨胀的覆盖件进行焊接；焊接完成后，加热机构停止加热，随着覆盖件的温度降低，覆盖件出现收缩趋势，因覆盖件的边缘已经与框架焊接在一起，覆盖件的收缩力会作用在覆盖件中心，将覆盖件中心向覆盖件的边缘进行拉伸，从而将覆盖件的中心部分拉直，提升覆盖件整体的平整度。
在一些实施例中，所述加热机构包括加热板，所述加热板包括弹性绝缘层和电热丝，所述电热丝嵌设在所述弹性绝缘层内，所述加热板用于与所述覆盖件贴合以加热所述覆盖件。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，弹性绝缘层以面接触的形式紧贴覆盖件，电热丝透过弹性绝缘层对覆盖件进行加热，使覆盖件能够均匀受热。
在一些实施例中，所述弹性绝缘层的材质为硅胶。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，一方面，硅胶较为柔软，不易划伤覆盖件，另一方面，硅胶能够根据覆盖件的表面的形状变形，让自身与覆盖件完全贴合，使覆盖件能够均匀受热。
在一些实施例中，所述加热机构包括设置在同一平面内且相互间隔的多个所述加热板。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，负压吸附机构包括第二负压吸附单元时和多个第一负压吸附单元，多个加热板与第二负压吸附单元时和多个第一负压吸附单元交错设置，使覆盖件的各处均匀受到吸附力的同时也能均匀受热。
在一些实施例中，所述加热机构还包括高度可调节的第一支架，所述第一支架设置于所述放置区，所述第一支架用于支撑所述加热板。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，第一支架能够适配被固定于放置区的框架而调整自身的高度，使加热板的顶面能够与覆盖件的底面贴合，便于加热板对覆盖件进行加热。
在一些实施例中，所述加热机构还包括热风机，所述热风机用于向所述覆盖件吹送热风。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，热风机能够对覆盖件未与加热板贴合的表面吹热风来对覆盖件进行加热，使覆盖件能够均匀受热。
在一些实施例中，所述框架定位机构包括第一定位机构，所述第一定位机构包括定位销，所述定位销沿所述覆盖件的厚度方向延伸，所述定位销与所述框架上的通孔配合以实现对所述框架的定位。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，框架在放置于放置区的过程中，框架上的通孔与定位销配合，限制框架在第二方向或第三方向上移动，对框架进行初步定位，然后框架才与底座的放置区接触。
在一些实施例中，所述框架定位机构包括第二定位机构，所述第二定位机构包括压紧件和锁定件，所述压紧件可转动地连接于所述底座，所述压紧件被配置为在压紧位置和打开位置之间切换，所述锁定件用于将所述压紧件锁定于所述压紧位置，以使所述压紧件将所述框架压紧在所述底座上。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，压紧件翻转将框架压紧在底座上，对框架在第一方向上的移动进行限制，进一步对放置于放置区的框架进行定位。
在一些实施例中，所述框架定位机构包括第三定位机构，所述第三定位机构包括内夹持件和外夹持件，所述内夹持件用于从所述框架的内周部压紧所述框架，所述外夹持件从所述框架的外周部压紧所述框架。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，内夹持件和外夹持件朝向框架移动从而将框架夹紧，对框架在放置区的位置进行固定。
在一些实施例中，所述覆盖件为水冷板。
第二方面，本申请提供了一种焊接设备，包括第一方面的焊接夹具和焊接执行单元，焊接执行单元用于将所述覆盖件焊接于所述框架。
本申请的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本申请的实践了解到。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的焊接夹具的爆炸图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的焊接夹具的结构示意图；
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的焊接夹具的俯视图；
图4为未放置覆盖件时的图3中A-A处的剖视图；
图5为放置覆盖件时的图4中B处的放大图；
图6为本申请一些实施例提供的第一负压吸附单元的结构示意图；
图7为本申请一些实施例提供的第二负压吸附单元的结构示意图；
图8为本申请一些实施例提供的第二负压吸附单元的爆炸图；
图9为本申请一些实施例提供的加热机构的结构示意图；
图10为本申请一些实施例提供的加热机构的爆炸图；
图11为本申请一些实施例提供的热风机和护罩的结构示意图；
图12为本申请一些实施例提供的热风机和护罩的爆炸图；
图13为本申请一些实施例提供的第一定位机构的结构示意图；
图14为本申请一些实施例提供的第二定位机构的结构示意图；
图15为本申请一些实施例提供的第三定位机构的内夹持件的结构示意图；
图16为本申请一些实施例提供的第三定位机构的外夹持件的结构示意图。
图标：1-框架；10-连接部；2-覆盖件；3-底座；4-框架定位机构；41-第一定位机构；411-定位销；412-第一安装座；42-第二定位机构；421-压紧件；422-锁定件；43-第三定位机构；431-内夹持件；432-外夹持件；5-负压吸附机构；51-第一负压吸附单元；52-第二负压吸附单元；511-碗状吸盘；512-第一安装支脚；521-方形吸盘；522-第二安装座；6-加热机构；61-加热板；62-第一支架；63-支撑件；64-热风机；641-第二支架；642-导风管；65-护罩；X-第一方向；Y-第二方向；Z-第三方向。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人 员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限定本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本申请所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
目前，从市场形势的发展来看，动力电池的应用越加广泛。动力电池不仅被应用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源系统，而且还被广泛应用于电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车等电动交通工具，以及军事装备和航空航天等多个领域。随着动力电池应用领域的不断扩大，其市场的需求量也在不断地扩增。
在本申请中，所提及的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
箱体包括框架和诸如水冷板等覆盖件，覆盖件焊接于框架。
在焊接覆盖件和框架的过程中，常规的固定覆盖件的方式是利用压板将覆盖件压紧在框架的焊接区域，压板挤压表面具有凹凸不平的结构的覆盖件时可能将覆盖件挤压变形甚至损坏。以覆盖件为水冷板为例，压板在压紧覆水冷板时，压板压在水冷板鼓起的水道上，压板与水冷板的水道的接触面较小，容易将水冷板的水道挤压损坏，造成水冷板的报废，生产废品率高，生产成本高。
基于以上考虑，为了解决现有技术固定覆盖件时可能导致覆盖件损坏的问题。本申请设计了一种焊接夹具，在底座上用于放置框架的放置区设置负压吸附机构，负压吸附机构能够产生负压将覆盖件吸向框架，使覆盖件与框架紧密贴合，负压机构产生的吸附力能够均匀作用在覆盖件的被吸附面，降低覆盖件损坏的风险，提升生产良品率，降低生产成本。
本申请实施例公开的焊接夹具可以适用于但不限于电池的箱体的焊接过程中，还可以适用于其他设备的箱体的焊接过程中。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图1～图5所示，本申请提供了一种焊接夹具，用于固定框架1和覆盖件2，覆盖件2覆盖框架1的第一开口，焊接夹具包括底座3、框架定位机构4和负压吸附机构5；底座3包括用于放置框架1的放置区；框架定位机构4设置于底座3，用于定位框架1；负压吸附机构5设置于放置区，用于产生负压以吸附覆盖件2，使覆盖件2压紧于框架1。
放置区可以为底座3顶面的中心区域。
覆盖件2可以为水冷板；或者，覆盖件2可以为箱体的底板；再或者，覆盖件2表面可以设置与电池单体的相适配的沟槽。
负压吸附机构5的数量可以为多个，多个负压吸附机构5可以间隔设置于放置区，多个负压吸附机构5可以避让覆盖件2表面凹凸不平的部分进行设置。
框架1被框架定位机构4固定在放置区后，负压吸附机构5位于被固定的框架1内侧，覆盖件2被放置到框架1上，负压吸附机构5对覆盖件2的底面进行吸附，覆盖件2在吸附力的作用下与框架1的焊接区紧密贴合，负压吸附机构5的吸附力能够均匀的作用在覆盖件2表面，降低覆盖件2因受到的压力过于集中而损坏的风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选的，如图1～图2和图4所示，负压吸附机构5包括第一负压吸附单元51和第二负压吸附单元52，第一负压吸附单元51的数量大于第二负压吸附单元52的数量，第一负压吸附单元51的吸附面积小于第二负压吸附单元52的吸附面积。
多个第一负压吸附单元51可以围绕第二负压吸附单元52设置。
第二负压吸附单元52的数量可以为一个；或者，第二负压吸附单元52的数量可以为多个(如二个、三个、四个、五个等)。
以覆盖件2为水冷板为例，多个第一负压吸附单元51可以避开水冷板的水道设置。
覆盖件2放置到被固定于放置区的框架1上后，第一负压吸附单元51围绕覆盖件2的中心间隔设置，使覆盖件2的各处均能受到来自第一负压吸附单元51的吸附力，多个第一负压吸附单元51先对覆盖件2施加较小的吸附力，使覆盖件2与框架1的焊接区紧密接触，第二负压吸附单元52再对覆盖件2施加较大的吸附力，以对覆盖件2进行位置固定，降低覆盖件2在焊接过程中发生位移的风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选的，如图1～图2和图4所示，多个第一负压吸附单元51围绕第二负压吸附单元52间隔设置。
第二负压吸附单元52的数量可以为一个，第二负压吸附单元52的设置位置正对覆盖件2的中心；或者，第二负压吸附单元52的数量可以为多个(如二个、三个、四个、五个等)，多个第二负压吸附单元52环绕覆盖件2的中心间隔设置。
第一负压吸附单元51相较于第二负压吸附单元52更为靠近覆盖件2与框架1的焊接区，多个第一负压吸附单元51能够吸附住覆盖件2靠近边缘的部分，并将其拉向框架1的焊接区，使覆盖件2与框架1的焊接区紧密贴合，同时使覆盖件2与框架1的接触面均匀受力，降低覆盖件2局部翘起的风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选的，如图4、图6～图8所示，第一负压吸附单元51为碗状吸盘511，第二负压吸附单元52为方形吸盘521。
吸盘是通过将内部的空气或液体排出，从而利用大气压力或液体压力以将自身固定在无孔表面的部件。
碗状吸盘511的材质可以为弹性材质，碗状吸盘511接触覆盖件2后能够根据覆盖件2的底面形状变形，使自身与覆盖件2的底面贴合，降低吸附力外泄的的风险，使碗状吸盘511能够对覆盖件2稳定吸附。
碗状吸盘511可以通过第一安装支脚512安装于放置区。安装支脚上可以设置多个碗状吸盘511。
方形吸盘521的材质可以为弹性材质，方形吸盘521接触覆盖件2后能够根据覆盖件2的底面形状变形，使自身与覆盖件2的底面贴合，降低吸附力外泄的风险，使方形吸盘521能够对覆盖件2稳定吸附。
方形吸盘521可以通过第二安装座522安装于放置区。
框架1固定于底座3的放置区时，碗状吸盘511的顶面可以超过框架1的顶面，覆盖件2放置到框架1的过程中，覆盖件2先与碗状吸盘511的顶面接触，碗状吸盘511通过真空气缸将内部空气抽出，以形成局部真空对覆盖件2进行吸附，碗状吸盘511的内部气体被抽出后，自身体积缩小，将覆盖件2拉向框架1，从而使框架1与框架1的焊接区贴合，同时使覆盖件2底面与方形吸盘521接触，便于方形吸盘521吸附覆盖件2以对覆盖件2的位置进行固定。
碗状吸盘511在吸附覆盖件2时会排出内部空气使自身体积缩小，从而将覆盖件2拉向框架1的焊接区，使覆盖件2与框架1的焊接区紧密贴合，降低覆盖件2局部翘起的风险；方形吸盘521与覆盖件2的接触面较大，能够为覆盖件2提供较大的吸附力，降低覆盖件2在焊接过程中发生位移的风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选的，如图1～图2所示，焊接夹具还包括加热机构6，加热机构6设置于放置区，用于加热覆盖件2。
加热机构6位于被固定在放置区的框架1的内侧，覆盖件2的底面朝向加热机构6。
加热机构6可以包括加热板61，贴合于覆盖件2底面，使覆盖件2受热均匀；或者，加热机构6可以包括加热灯，与覆盖件2底面间隔一段距离设置，利用热辐射对覆盖件2加热。
如图所示的第二方向Y为覆盖件2的长度方向。如图所示的第三方向Z为覆盖件的宽度方向。
覆盖件2放置在框架1上后，加热机构6对覆盖件2进行加热，覆盖件2温度升高后发生体积膨胀，具体表现为覆盖件2的边缘朝向自身的宽度和长度方向伸展，将框架1与体积膨胀的覆盖件2进行焊接；焊接完成后，加热机构6停止加热，随着覆盖件2的温度降低，覆盖件2出现收缩趋势，因覆盖件2的边缘已经与框架1焊接在一起，覆盖件2的收缩力会作用在覆盖件2中心，将覆盖件2中心向覆盖件2的边缘进行拉伸，从而将覆盖件2的中心部分拉直，提升覆盖件2整体的平整度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选的，如图9～图10所示，加热机构6包括加热板61，加热板61包括弹性绝缘层和电热丝，电热丝嵌设在弹性绝缘层内，加热板61用于与覆盖件2贴合以加热覆盖件2。
弹性绝缘层的材质可以但不限于为工程塑料、树脂、橡胶、硅胶等。
弹性绝缘层以面接触的形式紧贴覆盖件2，电热丝透过弹性绝缘层对覆盖件2进行加热，使覆盖件2能够均匀受热。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选的，弹性绝缘层的材质为硅胶。
硅胶是一种粒状多孔的二氧化硅水合物，具有耐温特性和电气绝缘性能，能够在较高的温度环境中使用，表面柔软易变形，同时表面光滑不易粘连。
一方面，硅胶较为柔软，不易划伤覆盖件2，另一方面，硅胶能够根据覆盖件2的表面的形状变形，让自身与覆盖件2完全贴合，使覆盖件2能够均匀受热。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选的，如图1～图2所示，加热机构6包括设置在同一平面内且相互间隔的多个加热板61。
加热板61的数量可以为二个、三个、四个、五个、六个、七个等。
多个加热板61可以环绕负压吸附机构5设置；或者，多个加热板61可以与多个第一负压吸附单元51及第二负压吸附单元52交错设置。
负压吸附机构5包括第二负压吸附单元52时和多个第一负压吸附单元51，多个加热板61与第二负压吸附单元52时和多个第一负压吸附单元51交错设置，使覆盖件2的各处均匀受到吸附力的同时也能均匀受热。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选的，如图9～图10所示，加热机构6还包括高度可调节的第一支架62，第一支架62设置于放置区，第一支架62用于支撑加热板61。
加热机构6可以还包括支撑件63，支撑件63支撑于加热板61和第一支架62之间，支撑件63具有与加热板61底面贴合的平直的顶面，使加热板61能够保持平直状态与覆盖件2贴合。
第一支架62的数量可以为一个，第一支架62支撑于加热板61的中心处；或者，第一支架62的数量可以为多个，多个第一支架62环绕加热板61的中心间隔设置。
第一支架62能够适配被固定于放置区的框架1而调整自身的高度，使加热板61的顶面能够与覆盖件2的底面贴合，便于加热板61对覆盖件2进行加热。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选的，如图1～图2、图11～图12所示，加热机构6还包括热风机64，热风机64用于向覆盖件2吹送热风。
热风机64可以通过多个第二支架641安装于放置区。
热风机64的输出端可以与导风管642连接，导风管642用于引导热风朝向覆盖件2的底面吹出，以对覆盖件2进行加热。
加热机构6还包括护罩65，护罩65罩设在热风机64外侧以保护热风机64。
热风机64的数量可以为多个(如二个、三个、四个、五个等)，多个热风机64围绕放置区的中心间隔设置。
热风机64能够对覆盖件2未与加热板61贴合的表面吹热风来进行加热，使覆盖件2能够均匀受热。
在一些实施例中，焊接夹具还包括焊缝支撑块，焊缝支撑块设置于放置区且围绕加热机构6设置，用于支撑覆盖件2与框架1的焊接处。焊缝支撑块靠近加热机构6的一侧设置有隔热层，隔热层的材质可以但不限于为隔热棉、聚苯乙烯泡沫板等；隔热层可以抑制热量传递至框架1再由框架1散失的过程，缩短覆盖件2的升温时间，减少加热机构6加热覆盖件2的能量损耗，使热量能够被封闭在框架1内侧，集中作用于覆盖件2，加快覆盖件2的升温速度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选的，如图1～图2和图13所示，框架定位机构4包括第一定位机构41，第一定位机构41包括定位销411，定位销411沿覆盖件2的厚度方向延伸，第一定位机构41通过第一安装座412设置于底座3，定位销411与框架1上的通孔配合以实现对框架1的定位。
如图所示的第一方向X为覆盖件2的厚度方向。
第一定位机构还包括第一安装座412，框架1外壁设置有用于连接其他部件的连接部10，连接部10开设有用于紧固件(如螺钉、螺栓等)穿过的通孔，定位销411可以穿过或拔出连接部10上的通孔。
第一定位机构41的数量可以为多个，多个第一定位机构41围绕放置区间隔分布。
框架1在放置于放置区的过程中，框架1上的通孔与定位销411配合，限制框架1沿第二方向Y或第三方向Z移动，对框架1进行初步定位，然后框架1才与底座3的放置区接触。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选的，如图1～图2和图14所示，框架定位机构4包括第二定位机构42，第二定位机构42包括压紧件421和锁定件422，压紧件421可转动地连接于底座3，压紧件421被配置为在压紧位置和打开位置之间切换，锁定件422用于将压紧件421锁定于压紧位置，以使压紧件421将框架1压紧在底座3上。
压紧件421可以为压臂，压臂一端转动连接于底座3。框架1放置于放置区后，压臂翻转，使压臂的另一端压紧于框架1顶面。锁定件422可以为定位螺栓，底座3上开设有与定位螺栓适配的螺纹孔，压臂处于压紧位置时，定位螺栓与螺纹孔螺纹配合，将压臂锁定在压紧框架1的状态；焊接完成后，定位螺栓从螺栓孔脱离，压臂背离框架1翻转，压臂由压紧位置切换为打开位置。
第二定位机构42可以有多个，多个第二定位机构42围绕放置区间隔分布，将框架1压紧在底座3上。
压紧件421翻转将框架1压紧在底座3上，对框架1在第一方向X上的移动进行限制，进一步对放置于放置区的框架1进行定位。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选的，如图2和图15～图16所示，框架定位机构4包括第三定位机构43，第三定位机构43包括内夹持件431和外夹持件432，内夹持件431用于从框架1的 内周部压紧框架1，外夹持件432从框架1的外周部压紧框架1。
内夹持件431设置于位于放置区的框架1的内侧，外夹持件432设置于位于放置区的框架1的外侧。
第三定位机构43的数量可以为多个，多个第三定位机构43围绕放置区间隔分布，对框架1的位置进行固定。
内夹持件431朝向框架1移动与框架1内壁接触，外夹持件432朝向框架1移动与框架1外表面接触，内夹持件431的移动方向与外夹持件432的移动方向处于同一直线。
内夹持件431和外夹持件432朝向框架1移动从而将框架1夹紧，对框架1在放置区的位置进行固定。
框架1上的通孔与定位销411配合后，框架1放置于放置区，第一定位机构41对框架1初步定位；压紧件421翻转将框架1压紧在底座3上，锁定件422将压紧件421锁定，将框架1固定于底座3，限制框架1沿第一方向X移动；内夹持件431和外夹持件432朝向框架1移动从而将框架1夹紧，对框架1在底座3上的位置进行固定，限制框架1沿第二方向Y或第三方向Z移动。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选的，覆盖件2为水冷板。
水冷板是用以控制箱体内的电池单体的温度的部件，水冷板内侧开设有供水通过的水道。
电池位于低温环境时，向水冷板的水道输入温度较高的水，能够提升电池单体的温度，使电池单体的温度能够维持在工作温度；电池位于高温环境时，向水冷板的水道输入温度较低的水，能够降低电池单体的温度，降低电池单体热失控的风险，提升电池单体的安全性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选的，本申请还提供了一种焊接设备，焊接设备包括如上所述的焊接夹具和焊接执行单元，焊接执行单元用于将覆盖件2焊接于所述框架1。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选的，如图1～图16所示，本申请提供了一种焊接夹具，用于固定框架1和覆盖件2，覆盖件2覆盖框架1的第一开口，覆盖件2为水冷板。焊接夹具包括底座3、框架定位机构4、负压吸附机构5、加热机构6。底座3包括用于放置框架1的放置区，框架定位机构4设置于底座3，用于固定框架1。框架定位机构4包括第一定位机构41、第二定位机构42和第三定位机构43，第一定位机构41包括能够穿过框架1上的通孔的定位销411，用以限制框架1的移动，第二定位机构42包括用于将框架1压紧在底座3上的压紧件421，第三定位机构43包括从框架1内侧将框架1压紧的内夹持件431和从框架1外侧将框架1压紧的外夹持件432。负压吸附机构5设置于放置区，负压吸附机构5包括多个第一负压吸附单元51和多个第二负压吸附单元52，多个第二负压吸附单元52环绕放置区中心间隔设置，多个第一负压吸附单元51中的一部分环绕多个第二负压吸附单元52设置，多个第一负压吸附单元51中的另一部分与多个第二负压吸附单元52交错设置，第一负压吸附单元51为碗状吸盘511，第二负压吸附单元52为方形吸盘521。加热机构6设置于放置区，用于加热覆盖件2。加热机构6包括加热板61，加热板61的材质为硅胶，加热板61通过高度可调的第一支架62设置于放置区，加热板61的数量为多个，多个加热板61环绕放置区中心设置。加热机构6还包括多个热风机64，多个热风机64对覆盖件2未与加热板61贴合的底面进行加热。
本申请还提供了一种焊接设备，包括上述的焊接夹具、焊接执行单元，焊接执行单元为用于FSW(Friction Stir Welding，搅拌摩擦焊)工艺的搅拌头，焊接执行单元旋转着插入框架1和覆盖件2的焊接处，焊接执行单元和框架1、覆盖件2之间的摩擦产生了摩擦热，使框架1和覆盖件2热塑化，发生塑性流动，然后在搅拌轴肩的顶锻作用下，在焊接执行单元后方形成固相连接。
负压吸附机构5通过吸附覆盖件2对覆盖件2的位置进行固定，吸附力均匀作用在覆盖件2的被吸附面，降低覆盖件2因应力集中而损坏的风险；多个第一负压吸附单元51通过吸附力将覆盖件2拉向框架1，使覆盖件2与框架1的焊接区紧密接触，第二负压吸附单元52再为覆盖件2提供较大的吸附力，对覆盖件2的位置进行固定，降低覆盖件2在焊接过程中发生位置移动的风险；加热机构6对覆盖件2进行加热，覆盖件2温度升高后发生体积膨胀，具体表现为覆盖件2的边缘朝向自身的宽度和长度方向伸展，将框架1与体积膨胀的覆盖件2进行焊接，焊接完成后，加热机 构6停止加热，随着覆盖件2的温度降低，覆盖件2出现收缩趋势，因覆盖件2的边缘已经与框架1焊接在一起，覆盖件2的收缩力会作用在覆盖件2中心，将覆盖件2中心向覆盖件2的边缘进行拉伸，从而将覆盖件2的中心部分拉直，提升覆盖件2整体的平整度。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种焊接夹具，用于固定框架和覆盖件，所述覆盖件覆盖所述框架的第一开口，所述焊接夹具包括：
    底座，包括用于放置所述框架的放置区；
    框架定位机构，设置于所述底座，用于定位所述框架；
    负压吸附机构，设置于所述放置区，用于产生负压以吸附所述覆盖件，使所述覆盖件压紧于所述框架。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的焊接夹具，其中，所述负压吸附机构包括第一负压吸附单元和第二负压吸附单元，所述第一负压吸附单元的数量大于所述第二负压吸附单元的数量，所述第一负压吸附单元的吸附面积小于所述第二负压吸附单元的吸附面积。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的焊接夹具，其中，多个所述第一负压吸附单元围绕所述第二负压吸附单元间隔设置。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的焊接夹具，其中，所述第一负压吸附单元为碗状吸盘，所述第二负压吸附单元为方形吸盘。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的焊接夹具，其中，所述焊接夹具还包括：
    加热机构，设置于所述放置区，用于加热所述覆盖件。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的焊接夹具，其中，所述加热机构包括加热板，所述加热板包括弹性绝缘层和电热丝，所述电热丝嵌设在所述弹性绝缘层内，所述加热板用于与所述覆盖件贴合以加热所述覆盖件。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的焊接夹具，其中，所述弹性绝缘层的材质为硅胶。
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的焊接夹具，其中，所述加热机构包括设置在同一平面内且相互间隔的多个所述加热板。
  9. 根据权利要求6-8任一项所述的焊接夹具，其中，所述加热机构还包括高度可调节的第一支架，所述第一支架设置于所述放置区，所述第一支架用于支撑所述加热板。
  10. 根据权利要求5-9任一项所述的焊接夹具，其中，所述加热机构还包括热风机，所述热风机用于向所述覆盖件吹送热风。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的焊接夹具，其中，所述框架定位机构包括第一定位机构，所述第一定位机构包括定位销，所述定位销沿所述覆盖件的厚度方向延伸，所述定位销与所述框架上的通孔配合以实现对所述框架的定位。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的焊接夹具，其中，所述框架定位机构包括第二定位机构，所述第二定位机构包括压紧件和锁定件，所述压紧件可转动地连接于所述底座，所述压紧件被配置为在压紧位置和打开位置之间切换，所述锁定件用于将所述压紧件锁定于所述压紧位置，以使所述压紧件将所述框架压紧在所述底座上。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12任一项所述的焊接夹具，其中，所述框架定位机构包括第三定位机构，所述第三定位机构包括内夹持件和外夹持件，所述内夹持件用于从所述框架的内周部压紧所述框架，所述外夹持件从所述框架的外周部压紧所述框架。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13任一项所述的焊接夹具，其中，所述覆盖件为水冷板。
  15. 一种焊接设备，包括：
    如权利要求1～14任一项所述的焊接夹具；
    焊接执行单元，用于将所述覆盖件焊接于所述框架。
PCT/CN2023/095594 2022-09-29 2023-05-22 焊接夹具及焊接设备 WO2024066406A1 (zh)

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