WO2024066101A1 - Wind turbine generator-based tower vibration early warning method and system - Google Patents

Wind turbine generator-based tower vibration early warning method and system Download PDF

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WO2024066101A1
WO2024066101A1 PCT/CN2022/142782 CN2022142782W WO2024066101A1 WO 2024066101 A1 WO2024066101 A1 WO 2024066101A1 CN 2022142782 W CN2022142782 W CN 2022142782W WO 2024066101 A1 WO2024066101 A1 WO 2024066101A1
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tower
vibration
circle
wind turbine
maximum
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PCT/CN2022/142782
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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符浩
赵勇
谢小军
王团结
王忠杰
韩斌
陈臣
刘洋
贺少华
张都
王晨
王敏
孔繁新
高平亮
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西安热工研究院有限公司
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Publication of WO2024066101A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024066101A1/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/82—Forecasts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the present application belongs to the field of wind turbine health status monitoring and assessment, and specifically relates to a wind turbine tower vibration early warning method and system.
  • variable speed and variable pitch control In order to better capture wind energy and reduce operating loads, large wind turbines generally use variable speed and variable pitch control.
  • the wide speed operating range of the wind rotor may cause the wind rotor rotation frequency to coincide with the tower's natural frequency at a certain speed point, thereby generating induced vibration.
  • Different vibrations will have different effects on the tower. Excessive vibration will have a very large adverse effect on the stability and life of the entire machine. At this time, vibration warning for the tower is of practical significance.
  • Conventional vibration identification methods are based on forced vibration and free vibration.
  • the frequency response function in the frequency domain or the impulse response function in the time domain is used to solve the first-order natural frequency of the tower, and then the coincidence of the wind rotor rotation frequency and the tower natural frequency at the speed point is combined to identify the vibration.
  • this method is simple and intuitive to judge the tower vibration, the operating environment of the wind turbine is complex and changeable, and the interaction mechanism between the wind load and the unit structure is very complex. With the increase of operating years, the tower stiffness may degrade, and the accuracy and reliability of its engineering application need to be further improved.
  • the purpose of the present application is to provide a method and system for early warning of vibration of a wind turbine tower, so as to solve the defect of low accuracy of the existing early warning of vibration of a wind turbine tower.
  • the present application provides a wind turbine tower vibration early warning method, comprising the following steps:
  • the maximum reference vibration circle of the tower is compared with the maximum dynamic vibration circle of the tower, and whether the tower is abnormal is determined based on the comparison result.
  • the maximum reference vibration circle of the tower of the wind turbine to be tested at rated power is obtained, and the specific method is:
  • the maximum reference vibration circle of the tower is obtained by drawing according to the obtained tilt azimuth angle and vibration amplitude.
  • the tilt azimuth and vibration amplitude of the tower of the wind turbine to be tested at rated power are obtained by:
  • the obtained acceleration data in the orthogonal direction of the tower and the acceleration data in the horizontal direction of the tower are converted into polar coordinates to obtain the tilt azimuth angle and vibration amplitude of the tower.
  • the maximum dynamic vibration circle of the tower of the wind turbine to be tested under operating conditions is obtained by:
  • the operating data includes incoming wind speed, yaw area, real-time inclination azimuth of the tower, and real-time vibration amplitude of the tower;
  • the operation data is divided into bins using the incoming wind speed and the yaw area to obtain multiple bin areas;
  • the maximum dynamic vibration circle of the tower is obtained by selecting from the multiple dynamic vibration circles of the tower.
  • the operation data is divided into bins using the incoming wind speed and the yaw area to obtain multiple bin areas.
  • the specific method is:
  • a yaw area threshold is set, and the yaw interval in each running sub-data is divided with a set step length to obtain multiple area levels;
  • the deviation area in each running sub-data is mapped to the corresponding area level to obtain multiple sub-bin areas.
  • the maximum reference vibration circle of the tower is compared with the maximum dynamic vibration circle of the tower, and whether the tower is abnormal is determined according to the comparison result.
  • the specific method is:
  • the radius of the maximum dynamic vibration circle of the tower is greater than the radius of the maximum reference vibration circle of the tower, it is judged that the tower vibration of the wind turbine to be tested is abnormal; otherwise, it is judged that the tower vibration of the wind turbine to be tested is normal.
  • a vibration-based wind turbine tower vibration early warning system comprises the following steps:
  • a reference vibration circle acquisition unit is used to acquire the maximum reference vibration circle of the tower of the wind turbine to be tested at rated power
  • a dynamic vibration circle acquisition unit is used to acquire the maximum dynamic vibration circle of the tower of the wind turbine to be tested under operating conditions
  • the judging unit is used to compare the maximum reference vibration circle of the tower with the maximum dynamic vibration circle of the tower, and judge whether the tower is abnormal according to the comparison result.
  • the reference vibration circle acquisition unit includes:
  • a data acquisition module is used to obtain the tilt azimuth and vibration amplitude of the tower of the wind turbine to be tested at rated power;
  • the reference vibration circle drawing module is used to draw the maximum reference vibration circle of the tower according to the obtained inclination azimuth and vibration amplitude.
  • the dynamic vibration circle acquisition unit includes:
  • a data acquisition module is used to acquire real-time operating data of the wind turbine to be tested under operating conditions, wherein the operating data includes incoming wind speed, yaw area, real-time inclination azimuth of the tower and real-time vibration amplitude of the tower;
  • a binning module is used to bin the operation data using the incoming wind speed and the yaw area to obtain multiple binning areas;
  • the dynamic vibration circle drawing module is used to draw the dynamic vibration circle of the tower in each sub-compartment area according to the real-time inclination azimuth and real-time vibration amplitude of the tower in each sub-compartment area; and select the maximum dynamic vibration circle of the tower from the multiple dynamic vibration circles obtained.
  • the present application provides a wind turbine tower vibration early warning method, which uses the vibration circle corresponding to the rated power of the wind turbine as a reference, compares the reference vibration circle with the dynamic vibration circle under the operating condition of the wind turbine, and judges the vibration condition of the tower, thereby effectively reducing the vibration response of the tower under variable working conditions and improving the accuracy and reliability of tower vibration judgment.
  • the tower vibration data is binned according to the incoming wind speed and yaw area, and multiple groups of vibration data under different incoming wind speeds and fan-shaped areas are obtained, the vibration response of the tower under variable working conditions can be further effectively reduced.
  • the wind turbine tower vibration early warning method provided in this application is intuitive and clear, which helps to monitor the health status of the wind turbine tower in real time, determine whether the wind turbine needs further processing and repair, and ensure the safe and reliable operation of the wind turbine.
  • FIG1 is a schematic flow chart of a wind turbine tower vibration early warning method according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of drawing a maximum reference vibration circle of a tower provided in one embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG3 is a flowchart of drawing a maximum dynamic vibration circle of a tower provided in one embodiment of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application proposes a vibration-based wind turbine tower vibration early warning method, comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 Install a low-frequency acceleration sensor in the orthogonal direction and the horizontal direction of the wind turbine tower, respectively.
  • the two low-frequency acceleration sensors are used to collect acceleration data of the wind turbine in the orthogonal direction and the horizontal direction of the tower at rated power.
  • Step 2 According to the acceleration data of the tower in the horizontal direction and the acceleration data of the tower in the orthogonal direction obtained in step 1, the vibration amplitude A and the tilt azimuth angle ⁇ of the tower are calculated. Specifically:
  • the obtained tower orthogonal acceleration and tower horizontal acceleration are converted into coordinates to obtain tower data with a vibration amplitude of A and an inclination angle of ⁇ in a polar coordinate system;
  • Step 3 selecting the three outermost vibration amplitudes and the three outermost tilt azimuth angles of the tower from the vibration amplitudes A and tilt azimuth angles ⁇ obtained in step 2;
  • the maximum reference vibration circle of the tower frame is obtained by drawing the three outermost tilt azimuth angles ⁇ and the three outermost vibration amplitudes A corresponding to the tower frame;
  • Step 4 obtaining the operating data of the wind turbine under normal operating conditions, wherein the operating data includes incoming wind speed, yaw area, real-time tower tilt azimuth and real-time tower vibration amplitude;
  • the wind speed threshold is 0.5 m/s
  • a yaw area threshold is set, and the yaw interval in each running sub-data is divided according to the set step length to obtain multiple area levels.
  • the yaw area threshold is 22.5°;
  • the deviation area in each running sub-data is mapped to the corresponding area level to obtain multiple sub-bin areas.
  • Step 5 respectively select the three outermost tower real-time tilt azimuth angles ⁇ real and the three outermost tower real-time vibration amplitudes Areal from each sub-bin area, draw the tower dynamic vibration circle corresponding to each sub-bin area, and select the maximum dynamic vibration circle of the tower from the multiple tower dynamic vibration circles obtained.
  • Step 6 compare the maximum reference vibration circle of the tower with the corresponding maximum dynamic vibration circle of the tower, and determine whether the tower is abnormal based on the comparison result.
  • step 6 the maximum reference vibration circle of the tower is compared with the corresponding maximum dynamic vibration circle of the tower, and whether the tower is abnormal is determined according to the comparison result.
  • the specific method is:
  • radius of the maximum dynamic vibration circle of the tower is less than or equal to the radius of the maximum reference vibration circle of the tower, it means that the tower vibration of the wind turbine to be tested is normal.
  • the present application also provides a vibration-based wind turbine tower vibration early warning system, comprising the following steps:
  • a reference vibration circle acquisition unit is used to acquire the maximum reference vibration circle of the tower of the wind turbine to be tested at rated power
  • a dynamic vibration circle acquisition unit is used to acquire the maximum dynamic vibration circle of the tower of the wind turbine to be tested under operating conditions
  • the judging unit is used to compare the maximum reference vibration circle of the tower with the maximum dynamic vibration circle of the tower, and judge whether the tower is abnormal according to the comparison result.
  • the reference vibration circle acquisition unit includes:
  • a data acquisition module is used to obtain the tilt azimuth and vibration amplitude of the tower of the wind turbine to be tested at rated power;
  • the reference vibration circle drawing module is used to draw the maximum reference vibration circle of the tower according to the obtained inclination azimuth and vibration amplitude.
  • the dynamic vibration circle acquisition unit comprises:
  • a data acquisition module is used to acquire real-time operating data of the wind turbine to be tested under operating conditions, wherein the operating data includes incoming wind speed, yaw area, real-time inclination azimuth of the tower and real-time vibration amplitude of the tower;
  • a binning module is used to bin the operation data using the incoming wind speed and the yaw area to obtain multiple binning areas;
  • the dynamic vibration circle drawing module is used to draw the dynamic vibration circle of the tower in each sub-compartment area according to the real-time inclination azimuth and real-time vibration amplitude of the tower in each sub-compartment area; and select the maximum dynamic vibration circle of the tower from the multiple dynamic vibration circles obtained.

Abstract

The present application provides a wind turbine generator-based tower vibration early warning method and system. The method comprises the following steps: for a wind turbine generator to be detected which is operating at rated power, obtaining a maximum reference vibration circle of a tower; for a wind turbine generator to be detected which is in an operating state, obtaining a maximum dynamic vibration circle of the tower; comparing the maximum reference vibration circle of the tower against the maximum dynamic vibration circle of the tower, and according to the comparison result, judging whether there is a tower anomaly. The present application effectively reduces a tower vibration response under changing operating conditions, and improves the accuracy and reliability of judging tower vibration.

Description

一种基于风电机组塔架振动预警方法及系统A wind turbine tower vibration early warning method and system
相关申请的交叉引用CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
本申请要求在2022年09月27日提交中国专利局、申请号为202211182224.X、发明名称为“一种基于风电机组塔架振动预警方法及系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。This application claims the priority of a Chinese patent application filed with the China Patent Office on September 27, 2022, with application number 202211182224.X and invention name “A method and system for early warning of wind turbine tower vibration”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference in this application.
技术领域Technical Field
本申请属于风电机组健康状态监测评估领域，具体涉及一种基于风电机组塔架振动预警方法及系统。The present application belongs to the field of wind turbine health status monitoring and assessment, and specifically relates to a wind turbine tower vibration early warning method and system.
背景技术Background technique
为了更好地捕获风能、降低运行载荷，大型风电机组普遍采用变速变桨控制方式；而风轮宽转速运行范围可能导致风轮转频与塔架固有频率在某转速点重合，从而产生诱导振动；对于不同振动会对塔架造成不同的影响，振动过大这对整机的稳定性和寿命具有非常大的不利影响，此时对塔架进行振动预警具有现实意义。In order to better capture wind energy and reduce operating loads, large wind turbines generally use variable speed and variable pitch control. The wide speed operating range of the wind rotor may cause the wind rotor rotation frequency to coincide with the tower's natural frequency at a certain speed point, thereby generating induced vibration. Different vibrations will have different effects on the tower. Excessive vibration will have a very large adverse effect on the stability and life of the entire machine. At this time, vibration warning for the tower is of practical significance.
常规振动识别方法是基于强迫振动、自由振动，利用频域内的频响函数或者时域内的脉冲响应函数求解塔架一阶固有频率，再结合风轮转频与塔架固有频率在转速点的重合来识别振动；虽然该方法判断塔架振动简单直观，但由于风电机组所处运行环境复杂多变，风荷载与机组结构的相互作用机理十分复杂，随着运行年限的增加，塔架刚度可能退化，其工程应用的准确性和可靠性有待进一步提升。Conventional vibration identification methods are based on forced vibration and free vibration. The frequency response function in the frequency domain or the impulse response function in the time domain is used to solve the first-order natural frequency of the tower, and then the coincidence of the wind rotor rotation frequency and the tower natural frequency at the speed point is combined to identify the vibration. Although this method is simple and intuitive to judge the tower vibration, the operating environment of the wind turbine is complex and changeable, and the interaction mechanism between the wind load and the unit structure is very complex. With the increase of operating years, the tower stiffness may degrade, and the accuracy and reliability of its engineering application need to be further improved.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本申请的目的在于提供一种基于风电机组塔架振动预警方法及系统，以解决了现有的风电机组塔架振动预警存在的准确性不高的缺陷。The purpose of the present application is to provide a method and system for early warning of vibration of a wind turbine tower, so as to solve the defect of low accuracy of the existing early warning of vibration of a wind turbine tower.
为了达到上述目的，本申请采用的技术方案是：In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted in this application is:
本申请提供了一种基于风电机组塔架振动预警方法，包括以下步骤：The present application provides a wind turbine tower vibration early warning method, comprising the following steps:
获取待测风电机组在额定功率下的塔架最大基准振动圆；Obtain the maximum reference vibration circle of the tower of the wind turbine to be tested at rated power;
获取待测风电机组在运行状况下的塔架最大动态振动圆；Obtain the maximum dynamic vibration circle of the tower of the wind turbine to be tested under operating conditions;
将塔架最大基准振动圆与塔架最大动态振动圆进行比较，根据比较结果判断塔架是否异常。The maximum reference vibration circle of the tower is compared with the maximum dynamic vibration circle of the tower, and whether the tower is abnormal is determined based on the comparison result.
可选地获取待测风电机组在额定功率下的塔架最大基准振动圆，具体方法是：Optionally, the maximum reference vibration circle of the tower of the wind turbine to be tested at rated power is obtained, and the specific method is:
获取待测风电机组在额定功率下的塔架的倾斜方位角和振动幅值；Obtain the tilt azimuth angle and vibration amplitude of the tower of the wind turbine to be tested at rated power;
根据得到的倾斜方位角和振动幅值绘制得到塔架最大基准振动圆。The maximum reference vibration circle of the tower is obtained by drawing according to the obtained tilt azimuth angle and vibration amplitude.
可选地，获取待测风电机组在额定功率下的塔架的倾斜方位角和振动幅值，具体方法是：Optionally, the tilt azimuth and vibration amplitude of the tower of the wind turbine to be tested at rated power are obtained by:
分别实时采集在额定功率下的塔架正交方向的加速度数据和塔架水平方向加速度数据；respectively collecting the acceleration data of the tower in the orthogonal direction and the acceleration data of the tower in the horizontal direction at rated power in real time;
将得到的塔架正交方向的加速度数据和塔架水平方向加速度数据进行极坐标转换，得到塔架的倾斜方位角和振动幅值。The obtained acceleration data in the orthogonal direction of the tower and the acceleration data in the horizontal direction of the tower are converted into polar coordinates to obtain the tilt azimuth angle and vibration amplitude of the tower.
可选地，获取待测风电机组在运行状况下的塔架最大动态振动圆，具体方法是：Optionally, the maximum dynamic vibration circle of the tower of the wind turbine to be tested under operating conditions is obtained by:
获取待测风电机组在运行状况下实时运行数据，所述运行数据包括来流风速、偏航区域、塔架实时倾斜方位角和塔架实时振动幅值；Acquire real-time operating data of the wind turbine to be tested under operating conditions, wherein the operating data includes incoming wind speed, yaw area, real-time inclination azimuth of the tower, and real-time vibration amplitude of the tower;
利用来流风速和偏航区域对运行数据进行分仓，得到多个分仓区域；The operation data is divided into bins using the incoming wind speed and the yaw area to obtain multiple bin areas;
根据每个分仓区域中的塔架实时倾斜方位角和塔架实时振动幅值，绘制得到每个分仓区域的塔架动态振动圆；According to the real-time inclination azimuth and real-time vibration amplitude of the tower in each sub-compartment area, a dynamic vibration circle of the tower in each sub-compartment area is drawn;
从得到的多个塔架动态振动圆中选取得到塔架最大动态振动圆。The maximum dynamic vibration circle of the tower is obtained by selecting from the multiple dynamic vibration circles of the tower.
可选地，利用来流风速和偏航区域对运行数据进行分仓，得到多个分仓区域，具体方法是：Optionally, the operation data is divided into bins using the incoming wind speed and the yaw area to obtain multiple bin areas. The specific method is:
设定风速阈值，以设定的步长对运行数据中的来流风速进行划分，得到多个风速等级；Set a wind speed threshold, divide the incoming wind speed in the operating data into multiple wind speed levels according to the set step size;
将运行数据中的来流风速对应至相应的风速等级中；得到多个运行子数据；Correspond the incoming wind speed in the operation data to the corresponding wind speed level; obtain multiple operation sub-data;
设定偏航区域阈值，以设定的步长对每个运行子数据中的偏航区间进行划分，得到多个区域等级；A yaw area threshold is set, and the yaw interval in each running sub-data is divided with a set step length to obtain multiple area levels;
将每个运行子数据中的偏航区域对应至相应的区域等级中，得到多个分仓区域。The deviation area in each running sub-data is mapped to the corresponding area level to obtain multiple sub-bin areas.
可选地，将塔架最大基准振动圆与塔架最大动态振动圆进行比较，根据比较结果判断塔架是否异常，具体方法是：Optionally, the maximum reference vibration circle of the tower is compared with the maximum dynamic vibration circle of the tower, and whether the tower is abnormal is determined according to the comparison result. The specific method is:
判断塔架最大动态振动圆的半径与塔架最大基准振动圆圆的半径的大小，其中：Determine the radius of the tower's maximum dynamic vibration circle and the radius of the tower's maximum reference vibration circle, where:
若塔架最大动态振动圆的半径大于塔架最大基准振动圆圆的半径，则判断待测风电机组的塔架振动异常；否则，判断待测风电机组的塔架振动正常。If the radius of the maximum dynamic vibration circle of the tower is greater than the radius of the maximum reference vibration circle of the tower, it is judged that the tower vibration of the wind turbine to be tested is abnormal; otherwise, it is judged that the tower vibration of the wind turbine to be tested is normal.
一种基于振动的风电机组塔架振动预警系统，包括以下步骤：A vibration-based wind turbine tower vibration early warning system comprises the following steps:
基准振动圆获取单元，用于获取待测风电机组在额定功率下的塔架最大基准振动圆；A reference vibration circle acquisition unit is used to acquire the maximum reference vibration circle of the tower of the wind turbine to be tested at rated power;
动态振动圆获取单元，用于获取待测风电机组在运行状况下的塔架最大动态振动圆；A dynamic vibration circle acquisition unit is used to acquire the maximum dynamic vibration circle of the tower of the wind turbine to be tested under operating conditions;
判断单元，用于将塔架最大基准振动圆与塔架最大动态振动圆进行比较，根据比较结果判断塔架是否异常。The judging unit is used to compare the maximum reference vibration circle of the tower with the maximum dynamic vibration circle of the tower, and judge whether the tower is abnormal according to the comparison result.
可选地，所述基准振动圆获取单元包括：Optionally, the reference vibration circle acquisition unit includes:
数据获取模块，用于获取待测风电机组在额定功率下的塔架的倾斜方位角和振动幅值；A data acquisition module is used to obtain the tilt azimuth and vibration amplitude of the tower of the wind turbine to be tested at rated power;
基准振动圆绘制模块，用于根据得到的倾斜方位角和振动幅值绘制得到塔架最大基准振动圆。The reference vibration circle drawing module is used to draw the maximum reference vibration circle of the tower according to the obtained inclination azimuth and vibration amplitude.
可选地，所述动态振动圆获取单元包括：Optionally, the dynamic vibration circle acquisition unit includes:
数据获取模块，用于获取待测风电机组在运行状况下实时运行数据，所述运行数据包括来流风速、偏航区域、塔架实时倾斜方位角和塔架实时振动幅值；A data acquisition module is used to acquire real-time operating data of the wind turbine to be tested under operating conditions, wherein the operating data includes incoming wind speed, yaw area, real-time inclination azimuth of the tower and real-time vibration amplitude of the tower;
分仓模块，用于利用来流风速和偏航区域对运行数据进行分仓，得到多个分仓区域；A binning module is used to bin the operation data using the incoming wind speed and the yaw area to obtain multiple binning areas;
动态振动圆绘制模块，用于根据每个分仓区域中的塔架实时倾斜方位角和塔架实时振动幅值，绘制得到每个分仓区域的塔架动态振动圆；从得到的多个塔架动态振动圆中选取得到塔架最大动态振动圆。The dynamic vibration circle drawing module is used to draw the dynamic vibration circle of the tower in each sub-compartment area according to the real-time inclination azimuth and real-time vibration amplitude of the tower in each sub-compartment area; and select the maximum dynamic vibration circle of the tower from the multiple dynamic vibration circles obtained.
与现有技术相比，本申请的有益效果是：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are:
本申请提供的一种基于风电机组塔架振动预警方法，利用风电机组额定功率对应的振动圆作为基准，将该基准振动圆与风电机组运行状况下的动态振动圆进行比较，判断塔架的振动情况，有效地降低了变工况下塔架振动响应，提高了塔架振动判断的准确性和可靠性。The present application provides a wind turbine tower vibration early warning method, which uses the vibration circle corresponding to the rated power of the wind turbine as a reference, compares the reference vibration circle with the dynamic vibration circle under the operating condition of the wind turbine, and judges the vibration condition of the tower, thereby effectively reducing the vibration response of the tower under variable working conditions and improving the accuracy and reliability of tower vibration judgment.
可选地，通过采集对应于来流风速和偏航区域的塔架振动数据，根据来流风速和偏航区域对塔架振动数据进行分仓处理，获得多组不同来流风速与扇形区域下的振动数据，可进一步有效降低变工况下塔架振动响应。Optionally, by collecting tower vibration data corresponding to the incoming wind speed and yaw area, the tower vibration data is binned according to the incoming wind speed and yaw area, and multiple groups of vibration data under different incoming wind speeds and fan-shaped areas are obtained, the vibration response of the tower under variable working conditions can be further effectively reduced.
综上所述，本申请提供的基于风电机组塔架振动预警方法直观明了，有助于实时监测风电机组塔架的健康状况，判断是否需要对风电机组进行进一步的处理和修复，保障风电机组安全可靠地运行。In summary, the wind turbine tower vibration early warning method provided in this application is intuitive and clear, which helps to monitor the health status of the wind turbine tower in real time, determine whether the wind turbine needs further processing and repair, and ensure the safe and reliable operation of the wind turbine.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1为本申请一个实施例提供的基于风电机组塔架振动预警方法的流程示意图。FIG1 is a schematic flow chart of a wind turbine tower vibration early warning method according to an embodiment of the present application.
图2为本申请一个实施例提供的塔架最大基准振动圆的绘制流程图。FIG. 2 is a flowchart of drawing a maximum reference vibration circle of a tower provided in one embodiment of the present application.
图3为本申请一个实施例提供的塔架最大动态振动圆的绘制流程图。FIG3 is a flowchart of drawing a maximum dynamic vibration circle of a tower provided in one embodiment of the present application.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处附图中的描述和所示的本申请实施例的组件可以通过各种不同的配置来布置和设计。因此，以下对在附图中提供的本申请的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本申请的范围，而是仅仅表示本申请的选定实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed by various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the application claimed for protection, but merely represents the selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians of the art without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.
如图1至图3所示，本申请实施例提出了一种基于振动的风电机组塔架振动预警方法，包括以下步骤：As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 , the embodiment of the present application proposes a vibration-based wind turbine tower vibration early warning method, comprising the following steps:
步骤1，在风电机组塔架正交方向和塔架水平方向各安装一只低频加速度传感器，两个低频加速度传感器分别用于采集风电机组在额定功率下塔架正交方向的加速度数据和塔架水平方向加速度数据；Step 1: Install a low-frequency acceleration sensor in the orthogonal direction and the horizontal direction of the wind turbine tower, respectively. The two low-frequency acceleration sensors are used to collect acceleration data of the wind turbine in the orthogonal direction and the horizontal direction of the tower at rated power.
步骤2，根据步骤1中得到的塔架水平方向加速度数据和塔架正交方向的加速度数据，计算得到塔架的振动幅值A和倾斜方位角为θ，具体地：Step 2: According to the acceleration data of the tower in the horizontal direction and the acceleration data of the tower in the orthogonal direction obtained in step 1, the vibration amplitude A and the tilt azimuth angle θ of the tower are calculated. Specifically:
将得到的塔架正交方向加速度和塔架水平方向加速度进行坐标转换，得到极坐标系下振动幅值大小为A、倾斜方位角为θ的塔架数据；The obtained tower orthogonal acceleration and tower horizontal acceleration are converted into coordinates to obtain tower data with a vibration amplitude of A and an inclination angle of θ in a polar coordinate system;
步骤3，从根据步骤2中得到的振动幅值A和倾斜方位角θ中分别选取塔架的最外围三个振动幅值和最外围三个倾斜方位角；Step 3, selecting the three outermost vibration amplitudes and the three outermost tilt azimuth angles of the tower from the vibration amplitudes A and tilt azimuth angles θ obtained in step 2;
根据得到的塔架对应的最外围三个倾斜方位角θ和最外围三个振动幅值A绘制得到塔架最大基准振动圆；The maximum reference vibration circle of the tower frame is obtained by drawing the three outermost tilt azimuth angles θ and the three outermost vibration amplitudes A corresponding to the tower frame;
步骤4，获取风电机组正常运行工况下的运行数据，所述运行数据包括来流风速、偏航区域、塔架实时倾斜方位角和塔架实时振动幅值；Step 4, obtaining the operating data of the wind turbine under normal operating conditions, wherein the operating data includes incoming wind speed, yaw area, real-time tower tilt azimuth and real-time tower vibration amplitude;
设定风速阈值，以设定的步长对运行数据中的来流风速进行划分，得到多个风速等级；本实施例中，风速阈值为0.5m/s；Set a wind speed threshold, divide the incoming wind speed in the operating data into multiple wind speed levels according to the set step size; in this embodiment, the wind speed threshold is 0.5 m/s;
将运行数据中的来流风速对应至相应的风速等级中；得到多个运行子数据；Correspond the incoming wind speed in the operation data to the corresponding wind speed level; obtain multiple operation sub-data;
设定偏航区域阈值，以设定的步长对每个运行子数据中的偏航区间进行划分，得到多个区域等级，本实施例中，偏航区域阈值为22.5°；A yaw area threshold is set, and the yaw interval in each running sub-data is divided according to the set step length to obtain multiple area levels. In this embodiment, the yaw area threshold is 22.5°;
将每个运行子数据中的偏航区域对应至相应的区域等级中，得到多个分仓区域。The deviation area in each running sub-data is mapped to the corresponding area level to obtain multiple sub-bin areas.
步骤5，从每个分仓区域内分别选取最外围的三个塔架实时倾斜方位角θ实和最外围的三个塔架实时振动幅值A实，绘制得到每个分仓区域对应的塔架动态振动圆，从得到的多个塔架动态振动圆中选取得到塔架最大动态振动圆。Step 5, respectively select the three outermost tower real-time tilt azimuth angles θreal and the three outermost tower real-time vibration amplitudes Areal from each sub-bin area, draw the tower dynamic vibration circle corresponding to each sub-bin area, and select the maximum dynamic vibration circle of the tower from the multiple tower dynamic vibration circles obtained.
步骤6，将塔架最大基准振动圆与对应的塔架最大动态振动圆进行比较，根据比较结果判断塔架是否异常。Step 6: compare the maximum reference vibration circle of the tower with the corresponding maximum dynamic vibration circle of the tower, and determine whether the tower is abnormal based on the comparison result.
具体地，步骤6中，将塔架最大基准振动圆与对应的塔架最大动态振动圆进行比较，根据比较结果判断塔架是否异常，具体方法是：Specifically, in step 6, the maximum reference vibration circle of the tower is compared with the corresponding maximum dynamic vibration circle of the tower, and whether the tower is abnormal is determined according to the comparison result. The specific method is:
判断塔架最大动态振动圆的半径是否大于塔架最大基准振动圆圆的半径，若半径大于半径，则说明待测风电机组的塔架振动异常，且机组振动情况随着半径与半径的比值的增大而更严重；Determine whether the radius of the maximum dynamic vibration circle of the tower is greater than the radius of the maximum reference vibration circle of the tower. If the radius is greater than the radius, it means that the tower vibration of the wind turbine to be tested is abnormal, and the vibration of the unit becomes more serious as the ratio of radius to radius increases;
若塔架最大动态振动圆的半径小于等于塔架最大基准振动圆的半径，则说明待测风电机组的塔架振动正常。If the radius of the maximum dynamic vibration circle of the tower is less than or equal to the radius of the maximum reference vibration circle of the tower, it means that the tower vibration of the wind turbine to be tested is normal.
本申请还提供一种基于振动的风电机组塔架振动预警系统，包括以下步骤：The present application also provides a vibration-based wind turbine tower vibration early warning system, comprising the following steps:
基准振动圆获取单元，用于获取待测风电机组在额定功率下的塔架最大基准振动圆；A reference vibration circle acquisition unit is used to acquire the maximum reference vibration circle of the tower of the wind turbine to be tested at rated power;
动态振动圆获取单元，用于获取待测风电机组在运行状况下的塔架最大动态振动圆；A dynamic vibration circle acquisition unit is used to acquire the maximum dynamic vibration circle of the tower of the wind turbine to be tested under operating conditions;
判断单元，用于将塔架最大基准振动圆与塔架最大动态振动圆进行比较，根据比较结果判断塔架是否异常。The judging unit is used to compare the maximum reference vibration circle of the tower with the maximum dynamic vibration circle of the tower, and judge whether the tower is abnormal according to the comparison result.
具体地，所述基准振动圆获取单元包括：Specifically, the reference vibration circle acquisition unit includes:
数据获取模块，用于获取待测风电机组在额定功率下的塔架的倾斜方位角和振动幅值；A data acquisition module is used to obtain the tilt azimuth and vibration amplitude of the tower of the wind turbine to be tested at rated power;
基准振动圆绘制模块，用于根据得到的倾斜方位角和振动幅值绘制得到塔架最大基准振动圆。The reference vibration circle drawing module is used to draw the maximum reference vibration circle of the tower according to the obtained inclination azimuth and vibration amplitude.
所述动态振动圆获取单元包括：The dynamic vibration circle acquisition unit comprises:
数据获取模块，用于获取待测风电机组在运行状况下实时运行数据，所述运行数据包括来流风速、偏航区域、塔架实时倾斜方位角和塔架实时振动幅值；A data acquisition module is used to acquire real-time operating data of the wind turbine to be tested under operating conditions, wherein the operating data includes incoming wind speed, yaw area, real-time inclination azimuth of the tower and real-time vibration amplitude of the tower;
分仓模块，用于利用来流风速和偏航区域对运行数据进行分仓，得到多个分仓区域；A binning module is used to bin the operation data using the incoming wind speed and the yaw area to obtain multiple binning areas;
动态振动圆绘制模块，用于根据每个分仓区域中的塔架实时倾斜方位角和塔架实时振动幅值，绘制得到每个分仓区域的塔架动态振动圆；从得到的多个塔架动态振动圆中选取得到塔架最大动态振动圆。The dynamic vibration circle drawing module is used to draw the dynamic vibration circle of the tower in each sub-compartment area according to the real-time inclination azimuth and real-time vibration amplitude of the tower in each sub-compartment area; and select the maximum dynamic vibration circle of the tower from the multiple dynamic vibration circles obtained.
以上内容仅为说明本申请的技术思想，并非限定本申请的保护范围，凡是按照本申请提出的技术思想，在本申请技术方案的基础上所做的任何改动，均落入本发明权利要求书的保护范围之内。The above content is only for explaining the technical idea of the present application, and does not limit the protection scope of the present application. Any changes made on the basis of the technical solution of the present application in accordance with the technical idea proposed in the present application shall fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (9)

  1. 一种基于振动的风电机组塔架振动预警方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：A vibration-based wind turbine tower vibration early warning method, characterized in that it includes the following steps:
    获取待测风电机组在额定功率下的塔架最大基准振动圆；Obtain the maximum reference vibration circle of the tower of the wind turbine to be tested at rated power;
    获取待测风电机组在运行状况下的塔架最大动态振动圆；Obtain the maximum dynamic vibration circle of the tower of the wind turbine to be tested under operating conditions;
    将塔架最大基准振动圆与塔架最大动态振动圆进行比较，根据比较结果判断塔架是否异常。The maximum reference vibration circle of the tower is compared with the maximum dynamic vibration circle of the tower, and whether the tower is abnormal is determined based on the comparison result.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于振动的风电机组塔架振动预警方法，其特征在于，获取待测风电机组在额定功率下的塔架最大基准振动圆，具体方法是：The vibration-based wind turbine tower vibration early warning method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the maximum reference vibration circle of the tower of the wind turbine to be tested at rated power is obtained by:
    获取待测风电机组在额定功率下的塔架的倾斜方位角和振动幅值；Obtain the tilt azimuth angle and vibration amplitude of the tower of the wind turbine to be tested at rated power;
    根据得到的倾斜方位角和振动幅值绘制得到塔架最大基准振动圆。The maximum reference vibration circle of the tower is obtained by drawing according to the obtained tilt azimuth angle and vibration amplitude.
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种基于振动的风电机组塔架振动预警方法，其特征在于，获取待测风电机组在额定功率下的塔架的倾斜方位角和振动幅值，具体方法是：The vibration-based wind turbine tower vibration early warning method according to claim 2 is characterized in that the tilt azimuth and vibration amplitude of the tower of the wind turbine to be tested at rated power are obtained by:
    分别实时采集在额定功率下的塔架正交方向的加速度数据和塔架水平方向加速度数据；respectively collecting the acceleration data of the tower in the orthogonal direction and the acceleration data of the tower in the horizontal direction at rated power in real time;
    将得到的塔架正交方向的加速度数据和塔架水平方向加速度数据进行极坐标转换，得到塔架的倾斜方位角和振动幅值。The obtained acceleration data in the orthogonal direction of the tower and the acceleration data in the horizontal direction of the tower are converted into polar coordinates to obtain the tilt azimuth angle and vibration amplitude of the tower.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于振动的风电机组塔架振动预警方法，其特征在于，获取待测风电机组在运行状况下的塔架最大动态振动圆，具体方法是：The vibration-based wind turbine tower vibration early warning method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the maximum dynamic vibration circle of the tower of the wind turbine to be tested under the operating condition is obtained by:
    获取待测风电机组在运行状况下实时运行数据，所述运行数据包括来流风速、偏航区域、塔架实时倾斜方位角和塔架实时振动幅值；Acquire real-time operating data of the wind turbine to be tested under operating conditions, wherein the operating data includes incoming wind speed, yaw area, real-time inclination azimuth of the tower, and real-time vibration amplitude of the tower;
    利用来流风速和偏航区域对运行数据进行分仓，得到多个分仓区域；The operation data is divided into bins using the incoming wind speed and the yaw area to obtain multiple bin areas;
    根据每个分仓区域中的塔架实时倾斜方位角和塔架实时振动幅值，绘制得到每个分仓区域的塔架动态振动圆；According to the real-time inclination azimuth and real-time vibration amplitude of the tower in each sub-compartment area, a dynamic vibration circle of the tower in each sub-compartment area is drawn;
    从得到的多个塔架动态振动圆中选取得到塔架最大动态振动圆。The maximum dynamic vibration circle of the tower is obtained by selecting from the multiple dynamic vibration circles of the tower.
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种基于振动的风电机组塔架振动预警方法，其特征在于，利用来流风速和偏航区域对运行数据进行分仓，得到多个分仓区域，具体方法是：The vibration-based wind turbine tower vibration early warning method according to claim 4 is characterized in that the operation data is divided into bins using the incoming wind speed and the yaw area to obtain multiple bin areas, and the specific method is:
    设定风速阈值，以设定的步长对运行数据中的来流风速进行划分，得到多个风速等级；Set a wind speed threshold, divide the incoming wind speed in the operating data into multiple wind speed levels according to the set step size;
    将运行数据中的来流风速对应至相应的风速等级中；得到多个运行子数据；Correspond the incoming wind speed in the operation data to the corresponding wind speed level; obtain multiple operation sub-data;
    设定偏航区域阈值，以设定的步长对每个运行子数据中的偏航区间进行划分，得到多个区域等级；A yaw area threshold is set, and the yaw interval in each running sub-data is divided with a set step length to obtain multiple area levels;
    将每个运行子数据中的偏航区域对应至相应的区域等级中，得到多个分仓区域。The deviation area in each running sub-data is mapped to the corresponding area level to obtain multiple sub-bin areas.
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于振动的风电机组塔架振动预警方法，其特征在于，将塔架最大基准振动圆与塔架最大动态振动圆进行比较，根据比较结果判断塔架是否异常，具体方法是：According to a vibration-based wind turbine tower vibration early warning method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the maximum reference vibration circle of the tower is compared with the maximum dynamic vibration circle of the tower, and whether the tower is abnormal is judged according to the comparison result, and the specific method is:
    判断塔架最大动态振动圆的半径与塔架最大基准振动圆圆的半径的大小，其中：Determine the radius of the tower's maximum dynamic vibration circle and the radius of the tower's maximum reference vibration circle, where:
    若塔架最大动态振动圆的半径大于塔架最大基准振动圆圆的半径，则判断待测风电机组的塔架振动异常；否则，判断待测风电机组的塔架振动正常。If the radius of the maximum dynamic vibration circle of the tower is greater than the radius of the maximum reference vibration circle of the tower, it is judged that the tower vibration of the wind turbine to be tested is abnormal; otherwise, it is judged that the tower vibration of the wind turbine to be tested is normal.
  7. 一种基于振动的风电机组塔架振动预警系统，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：A vibration-based wind turbine tower vibration early warning system, characterized in that it includes the following steps:
    基准振动圆获取单元，用于获取待测风电机组在额定功率下的塔架最大基准振动圆；A reference vibration circle acquisition unit is used to acquire the maximum reference vibration circle of the tower of the wind turbine to be tested at rated power;
    动态振动圆获取单元，用于获取待测风电机组在运行状况下的塔架最大动态振动圆；A dynamic vibration circle acquisition unit is used to acquire the maximum dynamic vibration circle of the tower of the wind turbine to be tested under operating conditions;
    判断单元，用于将塔架最大基准振动圆与塔架最大动态振动圆进行比较，根据比较结果判断塔架是否异常。The judging unit is used to compare the maximum reference vibration circle of the tower with the maximum dynamic vibration circle of the tower, and judge whether the tower is abnormal according to the comparison result.
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种基于振动的风电机组塔架振动预警系统，其特征在于，所述基准振动圆获取单元包括：The vibration-based wind turbine tower vibration early warning system according to claim 7 is characterized in that the reference vibration circle acquisition unit comprises:
    数据获取模块，用于获取待测风电机组在额定功率下的塔架的倾斜方位角和振动幅值；A data acquisition module is used to obtain the tilt azimuth and vibration amplitude of the tower of the wind turbine to be tested at rated power;
    基准振动圆绘制模块，用于根据得到的倾斜方位角和振动幅值绘制得到塔架最大基准振动圆。The reference vibration circle drawing module is used to draw the maximum reference vibration circle of the tower according to the obtained inclination azimuth angle and vibration amplitude.
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的一种基于振动的风电机组塔架振动预警系统，其特征在于，所述动态振动圆获取单元包括：The vibration-based wind turbine tower vibration early warning system according to claim 7 is characterized in that the dynamic vibration circle acquisition unit comprises:
    数据获取模块，用于获取待测风电机组在运行状况下实时运行数据，所述运行数据包括来流风速、偏航区域、塔架实时倾斜方位角和塔架实时振动幅值；A data acquisition module is used to acquire real-time operating data of the wind turbine to be tested under operating conditions, wherein the operating data includes incoming wind speed, yaw area, real-time inclination azimuth of the tower and real-time vibration amplitude of the tower;
    分仓模块，用于利用来流风速和偏航区域对运行数据进行分仓，得到多个分仓区域；A binning module is used to bin the operation data using the incoming wind speed and the yaw area to obtain multiple binning areas;
    动态振动圆绘制模块，用于根据每个分仓区域中的塔架实时倾斜方位角和塔架实时振动幅值，绘制得到每个分仓区域的塔架动态振动圆；从得到的多个塔架动态振动圆中选取得到塔架最大动态振动圆。The dynamic vibration circle drawing module is used to draw the dynamic vibration circle of the tower in each sub-compartment area according to the real-time inclination azimuth and real-time vibration amplitude of the tower in each sub-compartment area; and select the maximum dynamic vibration circle of the tower from the multiple dynamic vibration circles obtained.
PCT/CN2022/142782 2022-09-27 2022-12-28 Wind turbine generator-based tower vibration early warning method and system WO2024066101A1 (en)

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