CN114294172A - Method and device for measuring first-order frequency of wind turbine generator tower - Google Patents

Method and device for measuring first-order frequency of wind turbine generator tower Download PDF

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CN114294172A
CN114294172A CN202111334419.7A CN202111334419A CN114294172A CN 114294172 A CN114294172 A CN 114294172A CN 202111334419 A CN202111334419 A CN 202111334419A CN 114294172 A CN114294172 A CN 114294172A
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wind turbine
tower
vibration acceleration
tower top
turbine generator
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曾卫东
周峰
杨政厚
岳红轩
杜洋
伟特
张琪
王真涛
韩健
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Xian Thermal Power Research Institute Co Ltd
Beijing Huaneng Xinrui Control Technology Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines

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Abstract

The invention provides a method and a device for measuring first-order frequency of a wind turbine tower, wherein the method comprises the following steps: confirming that the wind turbine generator can be switched between a rotating state and a standby state, wherein the wind turbine generator is provided with a data acquisition system for recording the vibration acceleration of the tower top of the tower and the corresponding moment of the tower top; when the wind turbine generator is in a rotating state, the data acquisition system starts to record the vibration acceleration of the tower top and the corresponding moment of the vibration acceleration; when the wind turbine generator receives a stop instruction, the wind turbine generator starts to stop and enters a standby state for a duration tsStopping recording data after second; establishing a correlation between the tower top vibration acceleration and the corresponding moment thereof according to the recorded tower top vibration acceleration and the corresponding moment thereof; and calculating the first-order frequency of the wind turbine tower. The method can be used for detecting the deviation of the first-order frequency design value and the actual value of the wind turbine generator tower; screeningA security risk; providing accurate tower first-order frequency for parameter input of a wind turbine generator control system; the operation is simple and efficient, and no extra measure is needed.

Description

风电机组塔架一阶频率测量方法及装置Method and device for measuring first-order frequency of wind turbine tower

技术领域technical field

本发明属于风力发电技术领域，具体涉及一种风电机组塔架一阶频率测量方法及装置。The invention belongs to the technical field of wind power generation, and in particular relates to a method and a device for measuring the first-order frequency of a tower of a wind turbine.

背景技术Background technique

如图1所示，在风电机组设计阶段，常规要求塔架一阶频率与风电机组发电运行状态下风轮转速(旋转频率)的一倍和三倍无交叉(图1中塔架一阶频率允许区间1)。因此在发电运行期间塔架不会由于风轮转速(旋转频率)与塔架一阶频率重叠发生共振。随着风电行业的发展，最新设计的风电机组塔架的高度超过了100米，塔架一阶频率下降可能与风轮转速(旋转频率)的一倍产生交叉(图中塔架一阶频率允许区间2)，因此在发电运行期间塔架可能由于风轮转速(旋转频率)与塔架一阶频率重叠发生共振。风电机组控制系统中应用塔架避共振策略需要塔架一阶频率作为参数。As shown in Figure 1, in the design stage of the wind turbine, it is conventionally required that the first-order frequency of the tower and one and three times the rotor speed (rotation frequency) of the wind turbine in the power generation operating state have no cross (the first-order frequency of the tower in Figure 1 is allowed interval 1). Therefore, the tower does not resonate due to the superposition of the rotor speed (rotation frequency) with the first-order frequency of the tower during power generation operation. With the development of the wind power industry, the height of the newly designed wind turbine tower exceeds 100 meters, and the first-order frequency drop of the tower may intersect with twice the rotational speed (rotation frequency) of the wind turbine (the first-order frequency of the tower in the figure allows interval 2), so the tower may resonate due to the superposition of the rotor speed (rotation frequency) and the first-order frequency of the tower during power generation operation. The application of tower resonance avoidance strategy in the wind turbine control system requires the first-order frequency of the tower as a parameter.

由于风电机组的制造安装环节很多，实际风电机组的塔架一阶频率与设计参数可能存在偏差，需要测量实际的塔架一阶频率与设计是否存在较大偏差。并且风电机组控制系统中使用的是仿真得到的参数，与实际风电机组的塔架一阶频率存在偏差，对于能否有效的应用塔架避共振策略很关键。Due to the many manufacturing and installation links of wind turbines, the actual first-order frequency of the tower of the wind turbine may deviate from the design parameters. It is necessary to measure whether there is a large deviation between the actual first-order frequency of the tower and the design. Moreover, the parameters obtained by simulation are used in the wind turbine control system, and there is a deviation from the first-order frequency of the tower of the actual wind turbine, which is critical to the effective application of the tower resonance avoidance strategy.

风电机组长期运行中，由于各种因素导致塔架出现损伤时，塔架一阶频率会发生变化，通过检查塔架一阶频率可以筛查风电机组是否存在安全隐患。In the long-term operation of the wind turbine, when the tower is damaged due to various factors, the first-order frequency of the tower will change. By checking the first-order frequency of the tower, it is possible to screen whether the wind turbine has potential safety hazards.

针对上述问题，有必要提出一种设计合理且有效解决上述问题的风电机组塔架一阶频率测量方法及装置。In view of the above problems, it is necessary to propose a method and device for measuring the first-order frequency of a wind turbine tower with a reasonable design and effectively solving the above problems.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

本发明旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一，提供一种风电机组塔架一阶频率测量方法及装置。The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and provides a method and device for measuring the first-order frequency of a wind turbine tower.

本发明的一方面提供一种风电机组塔架一阶频率测量方法，所述方法包括：One aspect of the present invention provides a method for measuring the first-order frequency of a wind turbine tower, the method comprising:

确认所述风电机组能够在旋转状态和待机状态之间转换，其中，所述风电机组设置有数据采集系统，所述数据采集系统用于记录所述塔架的塔顶振动加速度及其对应时刻；Confirm that the wind turbine can be converted between a rotating state and a standby state, wherein the wind turbine is provided with a data acquisition system, and the data acquisition system is used to record the tower top vibration acceleration of the tower and its corresponding time;

当所述风电机组处于所述旋转状态时，所述数据采集系统开始记录所述塔顶振动加速度及其对应时刻；When the wind turbine is in the rotating state, the data acquisition system starts to record the vibration acceleration of the tower top and its corresponding time;

当所述风电机组的收到停机指令时，所述风电机组开始停机并进入所述待机状态，在进入所述待机状态持续时长ts秒后所述数据采集系统停止记录数据；When the wind turbine generator receives a shutdown command, the wind turbine generator starts to stop and enters the standby state, and the data acquisition system stops recording data after entering the standby state for a duration of t s seconds;

根据所述数据采集系统记录的所述塔顶振动加速度及其对应的时刻，建立所述塔顶振动加速度与其对应时刻的相关关系；According to the tower top vibration acceleration and the corresponding moment recorded by the data acquisition system, establish the correlation between the tower top vibration acceleration and its corresponding moment;

根据所述塔顶振动加速度与其对应时刻的相关关系，计算所述风电机组塔架的一阶频率。According to the correlation between the vibration acceleration of the tower top and its corresponding time, the first-order frequency of the wind turbine tower is calculated.

可选的，所述根据所述塔顶振动加速度与其对应时刻的相关关系，计算所述风电机组塔架的一阶频率，包括：Optionally, calculating the first-order frequency of the wind turbine tower according to the correlation between the tower top vibration acceleration and its corresponding time, including:

建立所述风电机组从停机时刻到进入所述待机状态后ts秒的所述塔顶振动加速度与其对应时刻的相关关系；Establish a correlation between the vibration acceleration of the tower top and its corresponding time from the time of shutdown to t s seconds after entering the standby state of the wind turbine;

根据所述风电机组从停机时刻到进入所述待机状态后ts秒的所述塔顶振动加速度与其对应时刻的相关关系，计算所述风电机组塔架的一阶频率。The first-order frequency of the tower of the wind turbine is calculated according to the correlation between the vibration acceleration of the tower top and the corresponding moment from the moment of shutdown of the wind turbine to t s seconds after entering the standby state.

可选的，所述建立所述风电机组从停机时刻到进入所述待机状态后ts秒的所述塔顶振动加速度与其对应时刻的相关关系，包括：Optionally, the establishment of a correlation between the tower top vibration acceleration and its corresponding moment from the moment of shutdown to the time t s after entering the standby state of the wind turbine includes:

所述风电机组从停机时刻到进入所述待机状态后ts秒的所述塔顶振动加速度与其对应时刻呈正弦关系。The vibration acceleration of the tower top of the wind turbine from the moment of shutdown to t s seconds after entering the standby state is in a sinusoidal relationship with the corresponding moment.

可选的，所述根据所述风电机组从停机时刻到进入所述待机状态ts秒后的所述塔顶振动加速度与其对应时刻的相关关系，计算所述风电机组塔架的一阶频率，包括：Optionally, calculating the first-order frequency of the tower of the wind turbine according to the correlation between the vibration acceleration of the tower top and its corresponding moment from the moment of shutdown of the wind turbine to the time t s after entering the standby state, include:

在所述风电机组从停机时刻到进入所述待机状态ts秒后的所述塔顶振动加速度与其对应时刻的正弦关系图中，将正弦信号的第1个波峰记为开始时t1刻，第n个波峰时记为结束时刻tn，其中n不小于10；In the sine relation diagram of the vibration acceleration of the tower top and its corresponding time from the stop time of the wind turbine to the standby state t s seconds later, the first peak of the sine signal is recorded as the start time t 1 , The nth peak time is recorded as the end time t n , where n is not less than 10;

所述塔架的振动周期为T＝(tn-t1)/(n-1)，根据频率等于周期的倒数，得到所述风电机组的塔架一阶频率f＝(n-1)/(tn-t1)。The vibration period of the tower is T=(t n -t 1 )/(n-1). According to the frequency equal to the reciprocal of the period, the first-order frequency f=(n-1)/ (t n -t 1 ).

可选的，所述根据所述风电机组从停机时刻到进入所述待机状态ts秒后的所述塔顶振动加速度与其对应时刻的相关关系，计算所述风电机组塔架的一阶频率，所述方法还包括：Optionally, calculating the first-order frequency of the tower of the wind turbine according to the correlation between the vibration acceleration of the tower top and its corresponding moment from the moment of shutdown of the wind turbine to the time t s after entering the standby state, The method also includes:

将时刻t1与tn之间所述塔顶振动加速度数据进行快速傅里叶变换处理，得到所述塔顶振动加速度的频谱图，在频谱图中峰值最高的频率为塔架一阶频率f。Perform fast Fourier transform processing on the tower top vibration acceleration data between time t 1 and t n to obtain a spectrogram of the tower top vibration acceleration, and the frequency with the highest peak in the spectrogram is the first-order frequency f of the tower .

可选的，所述当所述风电机组的收到停机指令时，所述风电机组开始停机并进入所述待机状态，在进入所述待机状态持续时长ts秒后所述数据采集系统停止记录数据，包括：所述ts不少于60秒。Optionally, when the wind turbine generator receives a shutdown command, the wind turbine generator starts to stop and enters the standby state, and the data acquisition system stops recording after entering the standby state for a duration of t s seconds. Data, including: the t s is not less than 60 seconds.

可选的，所述数据采集系统的数据采集周期于所述风电机组控制系统的最小执行周期一致。Optionally, the data collection period of the data collection system is consistent with the minimum execution period of the wind turbine control system.

可选的，所述风电机组处于旋转状态时，风轮转速大于第一预设转速，叶片桨叶角小于第一预设角度；所述风电机组处于待机状态时，所述风轮转速大于第二预设转速，所述叶片桨叶角小于第二预设角度。Optionally, when the wind turbine is in a rotating state, the rotational speed of the wind rotor is greater than the first preset rotational speed, and the blade angle is smaller than the first preset angle; when the wind turbine is in a standby state, the rotational speed of the wind rotor is greater than the first preset angle. Two preset rotational speeds, the blade angle of the blade is smaller than the second preset angle.

可选的，所述停机指令包括正常停机、快速停机、紧急停机和安全链停机中的其中一者。Optionally, the shutdown instruction includes one of normal shutdown, rapid shutdown, emergency shutdown and safety chain shutdown.

本发明的另一方面提供一种风电机组塔架一阶频率测量装置，所述装置包括数据采集单元和数据处理单元；Another aspect of the present invention provides a first-order frequency measurement device for a wind turbine tower, the device comprising a data acquisition unit and a data processing unit;

所述数据采集单元，用于记录所述风电机组塔架的塔顶振动加速度及其对应时刻；The data acquisition unit is used to record the tower top vibration acceleration of the wind turbine tower and its corresponding moment;

所述数据处理单元，用于根据所述数据采集单元记录的所述塔顶振动加速度及其对应时刻，计算所述风电机组塔架一阶频率。The data processing unit is configured to calculate the first-order frequency of the wind turbine tower according to the tower top vibration acceleration and its corresponding time recorded by the data acquisition unit.

本发明实施例的风电机组塔架一阶频率测量方法及装置，该测量方法可以检验风电机组的塔架一阶频率设计值与实际值的偏差；利用此方法检查风电机组的塔架一阶频率是否发生变化，筛查安全风险；为风电机组控制系统的参数输入提供准确的塔架一阶频率；该测量方法基于风电机组的基本运行状态切换即可进行，操作简单、高效，不需要额外的措施；对于正常运行的风电机组，具备高采样率数据记录的故障记录功能，通过停机过程的数据也可实现塔架一阶频率的计算。The method and device for measuring the first-order frequency of the tower of the wind turbine according to the embodiment of the present invention can check the deviation between the design value and the actual value of the first-order frequency of the tower of the wind turbine; this method can be used to check the first-order frequency of the tower of the wind turbine. Whether there is a change, screen for safety risks; provide accurate tower first-order frequency for the parameter input of the wind turbine control system; this measurement method can be performed based on the basic operating state switching of the wind turbine, and the operation is simple and efficient, and does not require additional Measures; for wind turbines in normal operation, it has a fault recording function of high sampling rate data recording, and the calculation of the first-order frequency of the tower can also be realized through the data of the shutdown process.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为现有技术中塔架一阶频率与风电机组发电运行状态下风轮转速关系示意图；1 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the first-order frequency of the tower and the rotational speed of the wind turbine under the power generation operation state of the wind turbine in the prior art;

图2为本发明一实施例的一种风电机组塔架一阶频率测量方法的流程示意图；2 is a schematic flowchart of a method for measuring the first-order frequency of a wind turbine tower according to an embodiment of the present invention;

图3为本发明另一实施例的一种风电机组塔架一阶频率测量装置的结构示意图；3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first-order frequency measurement device for a wind turbine tower according to another embodiment of the present invention;

图4为本发明另一实施例中塔架的塔顶振动加速度与时刻相关关系示意图；4 is a schematic diagram of the correlation relationship between the tower top vibration acceleration and the time of the tower in another embodiment of the present invention;

图5为本发明另一实施例中塔顶振动加速度的频谱图。FIG. 5 is a frequency spectrum diagram of the vibration acceleration of the tower top in another embodiment of the present invention.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

为使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细描述。In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

如图2所示，本发明的一个方面提供一种风电机组塔架一阶频率测量方法S100，所述数据记录方法S100包括：As shown in FIG. 2 , an aspect of the present invention provides a method S100 for measuring the first-order frequency of a wind turbine tower, and the data recording method S100 includes:

S110、确认所述风电机组能够在旋转状态和待机状态之间转换，其中，所述风电机组设置有数据采集系统，所述数据采集系统用于记录所述塔架的塔顶振动加速度及其对应时刻。S110. Confirm that the wind turbine can be switched between a rotating state and a standby state, wherein the wind turbine is provided with a data acquisition system, and the data acquisition system is used to record the tower top vibration acceleration of the tower and its corresponding time.

在本实施例中，如图3所示，通过数据采集单元110记录塔架的塔顶振动加速度及其对应时刻。In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3 , the vibration acceleration of the tower top of the tower and its corresponding time are recorded by the data acquisition unit 110 .

需要说明的是，风电机组能够在旋转状态和待机状态之间转换，也就是说，即风电机组可以由待机状态转换到旋转状态及由旋转状态转换到待机状态。具体地，风电机组处于旋转状态时，风轮转速大于第一预设转速，叶片桨叶角小于第一预设角度。风电机组处于待机状态时，风轮转速大于第二预设转速，所述叶片桨叶角小于第二预设角度。其中，第一预设转速和第二预设转速的具体数值根据风电机组的型号确定。It should be noted that the wind turbine can be switched between the rotating state and the standby state, that is, the wind turbine can be switched from the standby state to the rotating state and from the rotating state to the standby state. Specifically, when the wind turbine is in a rotating state, the rotational speed of the wind rotor is greater than the first preset rotational speed, and the blade angle of the blades is smaller than the first preset angle. When the wind turbine is in the standby state, the rotational speed of the wind rotor is greater than the second preset rotational speed, and the blade angle of the blade is smaller than the second preset angle. The specific values of the first preset rotational speed and the second preset rotational speed are determined according to the model of the wind turbine.

进一步优选地，在本实施例中，风电机组处于旋转状态时，风轮转速大于4转/分钟、叶片桨叶角小于60度，叶片开桨状态；风电机组处于待机状态时，风轮转速小于1转/分钟、叶片桨叶角大于80度，叶片顺桨状态。Further preferably, in this embodiment, when the wind turbine is in a rotating state, the rotational speed of the wind rotor is greater than 4 rpm, and the blade angle of the blades is less than 60 degrees, and the blades are in an open-paddle state; when the wind turbine is in a standby state, the rotational speed of the wind rotor is less than 1 rpm, the blade angle of the blade is greater than 80 degrees, and the blade is feathered.

需要进一步说明的是，数据采集系统用于记录塔架的塔顶振动加速度及其对应时刻，也可以是记录塔架的机舱振动加速度及其对应时刻，塔顶的振动加速度与机舱的振动加速度其实是相同的意义。It should be further explained that the data acquisition system is used to record the tower top vibration acceleration of the tower and its corresponding time, and it can also record the tower's cabin vibration acceleration and its corresponding time. The vibration acceleration of the tower top and the vibration acceleration of the engine room are actually is the same meaning.

S120、当所述风电机组处于所述旋转状态时，所述数据采集系统开始记录所述塔架的塔顶振动加速度及其对应时刻。S120. When the wind turbine is in the rotating state, the data acquisition system starts to record the tower top vibration acceleration of the tower and its corresponding time.

具体地，当风电机组处于待机状态时，收到启动命令，风电机组开始启动，这时风电机组处于旋转状态，数据采集系统开始采集数据，记录塔架的塔顶振动加速度及其对应时刻。这时，风轮转速大于4转/分钟、叶片桨叶角小于60度，叶片开桨状态。Specifically, when the wind turbine is in a standby state, a start command is received, and the wind turbine starts to start. At this time, the wind turbine is in a rotating state, and the data acquisition system starts to collect data and record the tower top vibration acceleration of the tower and its corresponding time. At this time, the rotor speed is greater than 4 r/min, the blade angle of the blade is less than 60 degrees, and the blade is in the open-paddle state.

S130、当所述风电机组的收到停机指令时，所述风电机组开始停机并进入所述待机状态，在进入所述待机状态持续时长ts秒后所述数据采集系统停止记录数据。S130. When the wind turbine generator receives a shutdown instruction, the wind turbine generator starts to stop and enters the standby state, and the data acquisition system stops recording data after entering the standby state for a duration of t s seconds.

具体地，当风电机组收到控制系统发出的停机指令时，风电机组的风轮转速逐步降低到小于1转/分钟、叶片桨叶角大于80度，叶片顺桨状态，也就是说，风电机组进入到待机状态，在进入待机状态持续时长ts秒后数据采集系统停止采集数据，其中，ts在本实施例中不少于60秒。Specifically, when the wind turbine receives the shutdown command issued by the control system, the rotor speed of the wind turbine is gradually reduced to less than 1 rpm, the blade angle of the blade is greater than 80 degrees, and the blade is in a feathering state, that is, the wind turbine is in a feathering state. Entering the standby state, the data acquisition system stops collecting data after entering the standby state for a duration of t s seconds, where t s is not less than 60 seconds in this embodiment.

需要说明的是，在本实施例中，停机指令包含但不限于以下方式，可以是正常停机、快速停机、紧急停机和安全链停机中的其中一者。It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the shutdown instruction includes but is not limited to the following methods, which may be one of normal shutdown, rapid shutdown, emergency shutdown and safety chain shutdown.

S140、根据所述数据采集系统记录的所述塔顶振动加速度及其对应的时刻，建立所述塔顶振动加速度与其对应时刻的相关关系。S140. Establish a correlation between the tower top vibration acceleration and its corresponding time according to the tower top vibration acceleration recorded by the data acquisition system and its corresponding time.

具体地，在本实施例中，用二维坐标描绘时刻-塔顶(或机舱)振动加速度曲线，横轴为时刻，纵轴为塔顶(或机舱)振动加速度，观察曲线，建立塔顶振动加速度与其对应时刻的相关关系。Specifically, in this embodiment, two-dimensional coordinates are used to describe the time-tower top (or engine room) vibration acceleration curve, the horizontal axis is the time, the vertical axis is the tower top (or engine room) vibration acceleration, observe the curve, and establish the tower top vibration The correlation between acceleration and its corresponding moment.

S150、根据所述塔顶振动加速度与其对应时刻的相关关系，计算所述风电机组塔架的一阶频率。S150. Calculate the first-order frequency of the wind turbine tower according to the correlation between the tower top vibration acceleration and its corresponding time.

具体地，首先，建立风电机组从停机时刻到进入待机状态后ts秒的塔顶振动加速度与其对应时刻的相关关系。在本实施例中，从风电机组从停机时刻开始至进入待机状态以后，塔顶(或机舱)振动加速度与其对应时刻呈正弦关系，表现为逐渐减弱的正弦信号。Specifically, first of all, establish the correlation between the tower top vibration acceleration and its corresponding time from the stop time of the wind turbine to the t s seconds after entering the standby state. In this embodiment, the vibration acceleration of the tower top (or nacelle) has a sinusoidal relationship with its corresponding moment from the time of shutdown of the wind turbine until it enters the standby state, showing a gradually weakened sinusoidal signal.

然后，根据风电机组从停机时刻到进入待机状态ts秒后的塔顶振动加速度与其对应时刻的相关关系，计算风电机组塔架的一阶频率。Then, the first-order frequency of the tower of the wind turbine is calculated according to the correlation between the vibration acceleration of the tower top and its corresponding moment from the time of shutdown to t s seconds after the wind turbine enters the standby state.

具体地，如图4所示，在本实施例中，观察用二维坐标描绘时刻-塔顶(或机舱)振动加速度相关关系曲线图，观察曲线图，从停机开始至进入待机状态以后，将正弦信号的第1个波峰记为开始时t1刻，第n个波峰时记为结束时刻tn，其中n不小于10，如图3所示，通过数据处理单元120计算得到塔架的振动周期为T＝(tn-t1)/(n-1)，根据频率等于周期的倒数，通过数据处理单元120进一步计算得到风电机组的塔架一阶频率f＝(n-1)/(tn-t1)。Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4 , in this embodiment, observe the graph depicting the time-tower top (or engine room) vibration acceleration correlation relationship with two-dimensional coordinates, observe the graph, from the start of shutdown to the standby state, the The first peak of the sinusoidal signal is recorded as the start time t 1 , and the nth peak is recorded as the end time t n , where n is not less than 10, as shown in FIG. 3 , the vibration of the tower is obtained by calculating the data processing unit 120 The period is T=(t n -t 1 )/(n-1). According to the frequency equal to the reciprocal of the period, the data processing unit 120 further calculates the first-order frequency f=(n-1)/( t n -t 1 ).

需要说明的是，如图所示，根据风电机组从停机时刻到进入待机状态ts秒后的塔顶振动加速度与其对应时刻的相关关系，计算风电机组塔架的一阶频率的另一种方式为：It should be noted that, as shown in the figure, another way to calculate the first-order frequency of the tower of the wind turbine is based on the correlation between the vibration acceleration of the tower top and the corresponding moment after the wind turbine is stopped to the standby state t s seconds. for:

将时刻t1与tn之间塔顶(或机舱)振动加速度数据进行快速傅里叶变换处理得到如图5所示的塔顶(或机舱)振动加速度的频谱图，在频谱图中峰值最高的频率为塔架一阶频率f。Perform fast Fourier transform on the vibration acceleration data of the tower top (or nacelle) between time t 1 and t n to obtain the spectrum diagram of the tower top (or nacelle) vibration acceleration as shown in Figure 5, in which the peak value is the highest The frequency is the first-order frequency f of the tower.

本发明实施例的风电机组塔架一阶频率测量方法，可以检验风电机组的塔架一阶频率设计值与实际值的偏差；利用此方法检查风电机组的塔架一阶频率是否发生变化，筛查安全风险；为风电机组控制系统的参数输入提供准确的塔架一阶频率；该测量方法基于风电机组的基本运行状态切换即可进行，操作简单、高效不需要额外的措施；对于正常运行的风电机组，具备高采样率数据记录的故障记录功能，通过停机过程的数据也可实现塔架一阶频率的计算。The method for measuring the first-order frequency of the tower of the wind turbine according to the embodiment of the present invention can check the deviation between the design value and the actual value of the first-order frequency of the tower of the wind turbine; Check safety risks; provide accurate tower first-order frequency for the parameter input of wind turbine control system; this measurement method can be performed based on the basic operating state switching of wind turbines, and the operation is simple and efficient without additional measures; The wind turbine has a fault recording function of high sampling rate data recording, and the calculation of the first-order frequency of the tower can also be realized through the data of the shutdown process.

如图3所示，本发明的另一方面提供一种风电机组塔架一阶频率测量装置100，该测量装置100包括数据采集单元110和数据处理单元120，As shown in FIG. 3 , another aspect of the present invention provides a first-order frequency measurement device 100 for a wind turbine tower. The measurement device 100 includes a data acquisition unit 110 and a data processing unit 120,

数据采集单元110用于记录风电机组塔架的塔顶振动加速度及其对应时刻，数据处理单元120用于根据数据采集单元110记录的塔顶振动加速度及其对应时刻，计算风电机组塔架一阶频率。The data acquisition unit 110 is used to record the tower top vibration acceleration of the wind turbine tower and its corresponding time, and the data processing unit 120 is used to calculate the first order of the wind turbine tower according to the tower top vibration acceleration recorded by the data acquisition unit 110 and its corresponding time. frequency.

具体地，首先，数据采集单元110将采集记录的风电机组处于旋转状态和待机状态时塔架的塔顶振动加速度及其对应时刻传送给数据处理单元120，需要说明的是，数据采集单元110进行数据采集的周期与风电机组控制系统的最小执行周期一致，这样可以保证采集数据的时刻点无缺失。Specifically, first, the data acquisition unit 110 transmits the collected and recorded vibration acceleration of the tower top of the tower when the wind turbine is in the rotating state and the standby state and its corresponding time to the data processing unit 120. It should be noted that the data acquisition unit 110 performs The period of data collection is consistent with the minimum execution period of the wind turbine control system, so as to ensure that there is no missing point in time when the data is collected.

其次，数据处理单元120收到塔顶振动加速度及其对应时刻，生成用二维坐标描绘时刻-塔顶(或机舱)振动加速度曲线图，横轴为时刻，纵轴为塔顶(或机舱)振动加速度。其中，风电机组从停机开始至进入待机状态以后，时刻-塔顶(或机舱)振动加速度呈正弦关系，将正弦信号的第1个波峰记为开始时t1刻，第n个波峰时记为结束时刻tn，其中n不小于10，如图2所示，通过数据处理单元120计算得到塔架的振动周期为T＝(tn-t1)/(n-1)，根据频率等于周期的倒数，通过数据处理单元120进一步计算得到风电机组的塔架一阶频率f＝(n-1)/(tn-t1)。Next, the data processing unit 120 receives the vibration acceleration of the tower top and its corresponding time, and generates a two-dimensional coordinate depicting the time-tower top (or engine room) vibration acceleration curve, the horizontal axis is the time, and the vertical axis is the tower top (or engine room) Vibration acceleration. Among them, from the start of the shutdown of the wind turbine to the standby state, the moment-tower top (or nacelle) vibration acceleration has a sinusoidal relationship, and the first peak of the sinusoidal signal is recorded as the start time t 1 , and the nth peak is recorded as At the end time t n , where n is not less than 10, as shown in FIG. 2 , the vibration period of the tower is calculated by the data processing unit 120 as T=(t n -t 1 )/(n-1), according to the frequency equal to the period The reciprocal of , the first-order frequency f=(n-1)/(t n -t 1 ) of the tower of the wind turbine is obtained through further calculation by the data processing unit 120 .

数据处理单元120计算风电机组塔架的一阶频率的另一种方式为：将时刻t1与tn之间塔顶(或机舱)振动加速度数据进行快速傅里叶变换处理得到如图5所示的塔顶(或机舱)振动加速度的频谱图，在频谱图中峰值最高的频率为塔架一阶频率f。Another way for the data processing unit 120 to calculate the first-order frequency of the wind turbine tower is: perform fast Fourier transform processing on the vibration acceleration data of the tower top (or nacelle) between the times t1 and tn to obtain as shown in FIG. 5 . The spectrum diagram of the vibration acceleration of the tower top (or the nacelle) is shown, and the frequency with the highest peak value in the spectrum diagram is the first-order frequency f of the tower.

本发明实施例的风电机组塔架一阶频率测量装置，通过数据采集单元和数据处理单元，可以计算得到风电机组塔架一阶频率，可以检验风电机组的塔架一阶频率设计值与实际值的偏差；检查风电机组的塔架一阶频率是否发生变化，筛查安全风险；为风电机组控制系统的参数输入提供准确的塔架一阶频率；基于风电机组的基本运行状态切换即可进行，操作简单、高效，不需要额外的措施；对于正常运行的风电机组，具备高采样率数据记录的故障记录功能，通过停机过程的数据也可实现塔架一阶频率的计算。The device for measuring the first-order frequency of the tower of the wind turbine according to the embodiment of the present invention can calculate the first-order frequency of the tower of the wind turbine through the data acquisition unit and the data processing unit, and can check the design value and the actual value of the first-order frequency of the tower of the wind turbine. Check whether the first-order frequency of the tower of the wind turbine has changed, and screen for safety risks; provide the accurate first-order frequency of the tower for the parameter input of the wind turbine control system; switch based on the basic operating state of the wind turbine. The operation is simple and efficient, and no additional measures are required; for wind turbines in normal operation, it has a fault recording function of high sampling rate data recording, and the calculation of the first-order frequency of the tower can also be realized through the data of the shutdown process.

可以理解的是，以上实施方式仅仅是为了说明本发明的原理而采用的示例性实施方式，然而本发明并不局限于此。对于本领域内的普通技术人员而言，在不脱离本发明的精神和实质的情况下，可以做出各种变型和改进，这些变型和改进也视为本发明的保护范围。It can be understood that the above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments adopted to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, various modifications and improvements can be made, and these modifications and improvements are also regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A first order frequency measurement method for a wind turbine tower, the method comprising:
confirming that the wind turbine generator can be switched between a rotating state and a standby state, wherein the wind turbine generator is provided with a data acquisition system, and the data acquisition system is used for recording the tower top vibration acceleration of the tower and the corresponding moment of the tower top vibration acceleration;
when the wind turbine generator is in the rotating state, the data acquisition system starts to record the vibration acceleration of the tower top and the corresponding moment of the vibration acceleration;
when the wind turbine generator receives a stop instruction, the wind turbine generator starts to stop and enters the standby state, and the duration t of the standby state is longsAfter the second, the data acquisition system stops recording data;
establishing a correlation between the tower top vibration acceleration and the corresponding moment thereof according to the tower top vibration acceleration and the corresponding moment thereof recorded by the data acquisition system;
and calculating the first-order frequency of the wind turbine tower according to the correlation between the tower top vibration acceleration and the corresponding moment.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein calculating the first order frequency of the wind turbine tower from the correlation of the tower top vibration acceleration with its corresponding time comprises:
establishing t after the wind turbine generator enters the standby state from the shutdown momentsThe correlation between the tower top vibration acceleration of second and the corresponding moment;
according to t from the shutdown moment to the standby state of the wind turbine generatorsAnd calculating the first-order frequency of the wind turbine tower according to the correlation between the tower top vibration acceleration of the second and the corresponding moment.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the establishing the wind turbine is performed from a shutdown time t to t after entering the standby statesThe correlation between the tower top vibration acceleration of a second and the corresponding moment thereof comprises the following steps:
t is carried out after the wind turbine generator is in the standby state from the shutdown momentsThe tower top vibration acceleration of a second is in a sine relationship with the corresponding time.
4. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that said method is carried out according to the time of stopping of said wind turbine until said standby state t is enteredsCalculating the first-order frequency of the wind turbine tower according to the correlation between the tower top vibration acceleration and the corresponding moment of the tower top vibration acceleration after the second, wherein the calculation comprises the following steps:
t is carried out after the wind turbine generator enters the standby state from the shutdown momentsIn the sine relation graph of the tower top vibration acceleration of seconds and the corresponding time, the 1 st peak of the sine signal is recorded as the starting time t1At the moment, the nth peak is recorded as the end time tnWherein n is not less than 10;
the vibration period of the tower is T ═ (T ═ T)n-t1) And (n-1), obtaining the first-order frequency f of the tower of the wind turbine generator as (n-1)/(t) according to the condition that the frequency is equal to the reciprocal of the periodn-t1)。
5. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that said method is carried out according to the time from the moment of shutdown to the moment of entering the standby state t of said wind turbinesCalculating the first order of the wind turbine tower according to the correlation between the tower top vibration acceleration after the second and the corresponding momentFrequency, the method further comprising:
will be at time t1And tnAnd performing fast Fourier transform processing on the tower top vibration acceleration data to obtain a spectrogram of the tower top vibration acceleration, wherein the frequency with the highest peak value in the spectrogram is the first-order frequency f of the tower.
6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the wind turbine starts to stop and enters the standby state when the wind turbine receives a stop command, and the duration t is the duration of entering the standby statesAfter a second the data acquisition system stops recording data, comprising:
said t issNot less than 60 seconds.
7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the data acquisition cycle of the data acquisition system is consistent with the minimum execution cycle of the wind turbine control system.
8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein when the wind turbine generator is in a rotating state, the rotor speed is greater than a first preset speed, and the blade angle is smaller than a first preset angle;
when the wind turbine generator is in a standby state, the rotating speed of the wind wheel is larger than a second preset rotating speed, and the blade angle of the blade is smaller than a second preset angle.
9. The method of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the shutdown instruction comprises one of a normal shutdown, a fast shutdown, an emergency shutdown, and a safety chain shutdown.
10. A first-order frequency measuring device for a wind turbine tower is characterized by comprising a data acquisition unit and a data processing unit;
the data acquisition unit is used for recording the tower top vibration acceleration of the wind turbine generator tower and the corresponding moment of the tower top vibration acceleration;
and the data processing unit is used for calculating the first-order frequency of the wind turbine tower according to the tower top vibration acceleration and the corresponding moment recorded by the data acquisition unit.
CN202111334419.7A 2021-11-11 2021-11-11 Method and device for measuring first-order frequency of wind turbine generator tower Pending CN114294172A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2024066101A1 (en) * 2022-09-27 2024-04-04 西安热工研究院有限公司 Wind turbine generator-based tower vibration early warning method and system

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2024066101A1 (en) * 2022-09-27 2024-04-04 西安热工研究院有限公司 Wind turbine generator-based tower vibration early warning method and system

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