WO2024062095A1 - Facility for treating wastewater and building comprising such a facility - Google Patents
Facility for treating wastewater and building comprising such a facility Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2024062095A1 WO2024062095A1 PCT/EP2023/076213 EP2023076213W WO2024062095A1 WO 2024062095 A1 WO2024062095 A1 WO 2024062095A1 EP 2023076213 W EP2023076213 W EP 2023076213W WO 2024062095 A1 WO2024062095 A1 WO 2024062095A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- water
- filter
- treatment
- building
- phytopurification
- Prior art date
Links
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
- C02F1/004—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance using large scale industrial sized filters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/002—Grey water, e.g. from clothes washers, showers or dishwashers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/005—Black water originating from toilets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/36—Biological material, e.g. enzymes or ATP
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/40—Liquid flow rate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/04—Flow arrangements
- C02F2301/046—Recirculation with an external loop
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/04—Disinfection
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2307/00—Location of water treatment or water treatment device
- C02F2307/14—Treatment of water in water supply networks, e.g. to prevent bacterial growth
Definitions
- the present invention enters the field of water purification. It concerns more particularly a wastewater treatment installation from a building and a building comprising such an installation.
- Waste water corresponds to “raw water” leaving directly from collective or individual buildings. Wastewater consists of domestic water called “gray water” and black water called “sewage water”.
- Black water comes from toilets and sanitary facilities in buildings. Black water is made up of a mixture of solid compounds, notably fecal matter, and liquid compounds or compounds dissolved in a liquid medium, notably urine.
- So-called “domestic” or “gray” water is that coming mainly from showers, sinks, washing machines and dishwashers, installed in these buildings. Household water is lightly polluted and in particular free of fecal or urine contamination. This results in a strong potential for the recovery of household water, particularly for use in flushing toilets or for irrigation or watering green spaces.
- the main aim of the present invention is to respond at least partially, and preferably substantially in full, to the aforementioned request.
- the present invention relates to an installation for treating wastewater from a building, characterized in that it comprises:
- a pre-treatment module configured to transform said waste water into pre-treated water
- a phytopurification treatment module positioned at the roof of the building and configured to transform pretreated water into purified water
- the treatment module comprising at least one planted filter with saturated-unsaturated flow.
- the wastewater treatment installation of the invention has a simplified structure and requires little time and resources for management and maintenance by an operator, in particular for the phytopurification treatment module which has almost autonomous operation. over time.
- the space taken up by the installation of the invention within the building is limited, in particular due to the installation of the processing module by phytopurification on the roof and a limited number of storage means.
- the volume occupied by the installation of the invention within the building is optimized to limit its deployment in valuable areas of the building, favorably suited to another use.
- the phytopurification treatment module on the roof of the installation of the invention also makes it possible to directly and simply recover rainwater, in addition to the wastewater to be treated, to create a buffer zone, to improve the thermal and even sound insulation of the building and enhance its aesthetics by giving it a “green” character and ecological marking, by setting up a planted area on the roof.
- This vegetated zone in the form of a planted aquatic environment also gives the building specific thermal insulation and cooling properties at roof level. Due to its specificity, it also contributes to biodiversity in urban areas.
- the installation of the invention makes it possible to limit energy consumption and building costs by recycling the majority of wastewater, particularly household wastewater.
- wastewater particularly household wastewater.
- by limiting or avoiding the use of drinking water for uses without direct contact with people it is possible to reduce the consumption of this resource which is currently becoming more expensive and which must be preserved.
- the installation of the invention contributes to the depollution, to the cooling of the atmosphere near the building and to the improvement of the urban landscape environment, in particular by the presence on the roof of plants from the phytopurification treatment module.
- the installation of the invention therefore constitutes a simple and effective structural means for the treatment of wastewater from a building, favorably allowing their recycling and revaluation locally as water and hydraulic resources, by prioritizing a reuse of said water treated inside or around said building, in particular for example in the sanitary toilet network of said building, in possible vehicle cleaning installations, in the building or its surroundings, or in an irrigation or water network. watering, possibly automated, of surrounding green spaces or of plants installed on balconies for example.
- the installation of the invention respects the environment.
- the installation of the invention combines aesthetics and eco-responsible design and is part of a logic of preserving planetary water resources, without however harming the safety, comfort and need for water use of the population, particularly those of heavily populated areas.
- FIG. 1 represents a schematic perspective view of a building equipped with a wastewater treatment installation according to the invention
- FIG. 2 represents a functional schematic view of a domestic water treatment installation of the invention
- FIG. 3 represents a schematic top view of one embodiment of the phytopurification treatment module
- FIG. 4 represents a schematic sectional view along A-A of the water phytopurification treatment module, shown in Figure 3,
- Fig. 5 is a perspective view of an overflow means forming part of the module of Figures 3 and 4.
- building mainly and preferably designates collective buildings, such as residential, tertiary or professional buildings, but can also designate individual buildings, such as individual houses.
- domestic water designates lightly polluted water from showers, sinks, washing machines, dishwashers, without fecal or urinary contamination, in an overall liquid form but which may contain solid compounds. , such as food or organic waste/residues, hair, natural or synthetic fibers.
- pretreated water designates water having undergone pretreatment aimed at eliminating, advantageously by mechanical filtration, coarse solid or viscous materials in flotation, in suspension, particularly also excess fats and oil. Such pretreatment may or may not be useful or necessary depending on the nature and quality of the wastewater to be treated.
- purified water designates pretreated water, after passing through the phytopurification treatment module, which has undergone phytopurification treatment.
- Phytopurification is a water purification treatment involving the depollution of water by adapted plants and by microorganisms associated with the root systems of these plants. Examples of implementing phytopurification are described in particular in documents US 6277274, FR 2942791 and WO 2021/018629.
- treated water designates herein the water purified within the storage means after application of the microbiological disinfection means.
- the treated waters present, for an application in France of the invention, a microbiological quality meeting the standard of the Regional Health Agency (ARS) and the Order of August 2, 2010 relating to the use of water from the purification treatment of urban waste water for the irrigation of crops or green spaces and the French Decree of January 11, 2007 relating to the limits and quality references of raw water and water intended for human consumption mentioned in articles R. 1321 -2, R. 1321 -3, R. 1321 -7 and R. 1321 -38 of the French public health code.
- ARS Regional Health Agency
- the treated water AND will present a microbiological quality meeting the regulations and health criteria in force locally by a corresponding adaptation of the means of the invention, which is at the scope of those skilled in the art having knowledge of the present invention.
- the “treated water” obtained at the end of treatment by installation 1 has at least a concentration of pollutants and microorganisms admissible for:
- the present invention relates to a treatment installation 1 for EM wastewater from a building 2, characterized in that it comprises:
- a pre-treatment module 4 configured to transform said EM wastewater into EP pretreated water
- a phytopurification treatment module 6 positioned at the level of the roof 21 of building 2 and configured to transform pretreated water EP into purified water EE,
- a storage means 8 of said EE purified water advantageously equipped with a microbiological disinfection means 9 configured to transform the EE purified water into ET treated water, and
- the phytopurification treatment module 6 comprising at least one planted filter 62 with saturated-unsaturated flow.
- the treatment installation 1 has a simple structural configuration with a reduced number of means, but nevertheless allows the transformation of waste water EM, in particular of the household waste water type, at least into purified water EE, preferably into water treated AND of sufficient microbiological quality for use both internally in the building and in its surrounding space.
- the phytopurification treatment module 6 constituting the component occupying the most floor space is installed on the roof21.
- the treatment installation 1 being preferentially deployed mainly on the top of the building (flat roof 21), its deployment on the ground is thus limited, which favors the freeing up of space and the possibilities for developing natural areas in the urban landscape near the building, in addition to providing a green space at roof level 21.
- the structure of the roof and the supporting elements of the building are not excessively stressed.
- pretreatment module 4 (with its buffer storage tank 42) and the storage means 8, and possibly other elements constituting the installation 1 (other than the module 6), can be arranged in a room or equivalent space T in the basement of building 2 containing installation 1 (see figures 1 and 2).
- the hydraulic operating principle of the or each planted filter 62 is of the unsaturated/saturated type.
- the water flows vertically and gravitationally into the porosity of the filter bed 622 planted with plants 623 of the planted filter 62 concerned, until saturation of the porosity of said bed over a variable height depending on the volume of water to be treated.
- the saturation associated with a hydraulic residence time contributes to the purifying performance of the planted filter 62.
- the planted filter 62 in question is completely or partially drained, thus allowing its reoxygenation.
- the alternation of filling and emptying phases, preferably associated with a supply through tarpaulins, makes it possible to vary the oxygenation conditions in said filter and therefore to establish aerobic/anaerobic conditions in the filter, favorable to the treatment.
- a more precise description of this mode of operation of a planted filter 62 implemented within the framework of the invention is presented below.
- the treatment installation 1 in addition to preserving the environment by revaluing the available water resources, makes it possible to guarantee the quality of the treated water for the specific use.
- the treatment installation 1 promotes the improvement of the quality of the atmosphere in the city, and contributes to the depollution and improvement of the aesthetics of the urban landscape by notably allowing the development and growth of plants. on the roofs of buildings.
- the installation 1 integrates a pretreatment module 4 and a storage means 8. Furthermore, to ensure the circulation of water between the different components functional of the installation 1, the latter may include, in addition to the means 3 for collecting waste water EM, also means 5 for transferring pretreated water EP and/or means 7 for collecting and conveying purified water EE.
- the installation 1 comprises more precisely:
- transfer means 5 for transferring pretreated water EP (from module 4) to the phytopurification treatment module 6, these transfer means 5 advantageously comprising at least one self-curing lifting pump 51 associated with a lifting column 52,
- the means 5 for transferring the pretreated water EP to the phytopurification treatment module 6 are configured and controlled to provide a tarpaulin supply of the planted filter(s) 62 and the means 7 for collecting the purified water EE and d routing of these towards the storage means 8 are configured and controlled to carry out, in a controlled manner or at regular intervals corresponding to a pre-programmed length of stay, a partial or total emptying of the purified water EE from the installed filter(s) 62, resulting in the aforementioned alternation of filling and emptying phases of the phytopurification treatment module 6.
- the pre-treatment module 4 preferably positioned within the lower part or the cellar of the building 2, for example in a room technique T in the basement together with the storage tank 8 and possibly at least part of their accessory equipment, includes:
- At least one separation means 41 configured to separate EM wastewater from solid waste, in particular food or organic waste, for example a self-curing separator filter, where appropriate swirling, and,
- At least one storage means 42 of waste water EM possibly provided with a mechanical filtration means 43, such as a pre-filtration tank equipped with ventilation vents and overflows opening onto the sanitation network B , the evacuation of which is preferably directed by gravity towards the transfer means (5).
- a mechanical filtration means 43 such as a pre-filtration tank equipped with ventilation vents and overflows opening onto the sanitation network B , the evacuation of which is preferably directed by gravity towards the transfer means (5).
- the pretreatment module 4 Positioned in the lower part of building 2, the pretreatment module 4 is easy to access for an operator, particularly in the event of an inspection, and makes it possible to recover wastewater coming from the heights of building 2 by the simple effect of gravity, without the need for an additional energy-consuming moving device.
- placing the pretreatment module 4 inside the building 2 protects it against bad weather and climatic agents, and in particular freeze-thaw phenomena, and ensures its preservation over time.
- the positioning in the lower part of the building 2 of the pretreatment module 4 facilitates the rejection of solid waste, of the food type directly into the evacuation network provided for this purpose, after the separation operation via the means separation 41.
- the separation means 41 physically separates, mechanically, the solid waste from liquid EM wastewater. Different means known to those skilled in the art to achieve this separation can be implemented.
- the separation means 41 comprises at least one self-curing separator filter.
- the latter makes it possible to roughly separate the conveyed solid waste from the liquid fraction of EM wastewater, in particular of the food waste type.
- the solid waste is directed into the sanitation network B by any known suitable means and the waste water EM is directed to at least one storage means 42 by any known means of the type conduit or pipeline.
- said at least one storage means 42 is intended for storing EM wastewater before its transfer to the phytopurification treatment module 6.
- the storage means may consist of a tank or a storage tank.
- the storage means 42 is provided with a mechanical filtration means 43 allowing additional filtration of EM wastewater and their separation from solid waste.
- this storage means 42 is constructively configured to prevent the development of flies, mosquitoes and other harmful insects.
- the storage means 42 consists for example of a prefiltration tank 42 provided with at least one mechanical separation filter 43 of the granular filter type making it possible to separate EM waste water from solid food waste by vertical filtration through the granular material.
- the mechanical separation filter 43 is configured to separate EM wastewater from its solid waste more finely than the separation means 41.
- the installation 1 can comprise means for dispersing and surface distribution 61 of the pretreated water (EP) at the level of the module 6 of treatment by phytopurification 6.
- the transfer means 5 comprise at least one self-curing lifting pump 51 associated with a lifting column 52, which opens onto said dispersion and surface distribution means 61 which preferably ensure a substantially homogeneous distribution over the entire surface of the module 6.
- These means 61 can for example, in a non-limiting manner, consist of nozzles with extended angular spraying.
- the lifting column 52 is configured and dimensioned to allow the creation of a Venturi effect during the transfer of the pretreated water EP to the phytopurification treatment module 6, so as to create oxygenation of the pretreated water EP within the lifting column 52.
- This oxygenation creates microbubbles in the pretreated water EP and also makes it possible to homogenize its transfer and its distribution speed within the lifting column 52, so as to discharge this water according to a distribution and a homogeneous flow through the dispersion means 61.
- the dispersion means 61 consist of at least one spreading system.
- the spreading system consists of a network of spreading booms opening onto dispersion nozzles arranged so as to cover the entire surface of the module with EP pretreated water. treatment by phytopurification 6, and this in a homogeneous manner.
- the phytopurification treatment module 6, positioned on the roof 21 of the building 2, comprises:
- the planted filter 62 may comprise a single filter unit 622, or possibly at least two filter units 622, for example arranged and supplied in parallel, or then arranged in series.
- the phytopurification treatment module 6 positioned on the roof 21 makes it possible to improve the aesthetics of the local urban landscape and to benefit from a functional green space easily accessible by an operator, and possibly by residents, without encroaching on spaces in the building useful for other purposes.
- the phytopurification treatment module 6 on the roof makes it possible to recover and treat, in addition to EP pretreated water, also rainwater.
- Rainwater harvesting is consistent with positive and eco-responsible management of water available to humans and thus contributes to preserving water resources.
- the treatment module 6 comprises at least one planted filter 62 with saturated-unsaturated flow allowing biological purification in fine granular media.
- the operating principle of the planted filter of module 6 lies in hydraulic management (filling/emptying) of the basin containing it, which results in an alternation of saturation phases (anaerobic) and oxygenation phases (aerobic).
- the planted filter 62 comprises either a single block 622 as shown in Figures 3 and 4, or at least two filter blocks 622 positioned in parallel and supplied in parallel, the whole being installed in a single compartmentalized basin thus forming a unitary module 6, or in several separate basins, thus constituting a planted filter with a modular structure, easily adaptable to varying needs.
- the filtration of the pretreated water EP is carried out through the filter mass(es) 622.
- the filter mass(es) 622 is preferably made up of a filtration media based on inert aggregates (for example based on coal), of particle sizes different, in which plants 623 helophytes develop predominantly or exclusively, such as for example reeds.
- filtration media forming the or each filter mass 622 that is to say essentially inert aggregates, as well as the nature of the plants 623, can be defined by those skilled in the art according to the quantity of water to be treated, the desired filtration capacities and the quality of the desired EE purified water.
- the principle of water treatment by phytopurification is based on the development of a dense network of rhizomes of helophytic plants which makes it possible to provide, to the filter bed(s) 622, a growth support microbial participating in the water purification process.
- the presence of helophyte plants 623 plays a mechanical role in unclogging the surface of the filter bed and promotes the percolation of pretreated water EP coming from the dispersion means 61 into the inert aggregate filtration media.
- the EP pretreated water will be drained along the roots towards the base of the filter bed 622 concerned, while the suspended solids will be retained on the surface, then mineralized in aerobic conditions during the emptying phases of the bed in order to serve as a nutrient. to plants.
- microorganisms of the rhizosphere have a biological purifying action, they:
- the structure of the phytopurification treatment module 6 through the planted filter 62 with its filter bed(s) 622 planted with plants 623 makes it possible to transform pretreated water EP into purified water EE.
- a planted filter 62 with saturated-unsaturated flow is chosen which is made up either of a single filter block 622 planted with plants 623, or at least two filter beds 622 planted with plants 623 hydraulically separated, arranged in parallel (forming two sub-modules arranged constructively and functionally in parallel and together corresponding to a floor) and operating alternately.
- at least two planted filters 62, forming two stages of module 6 arranged in series, can be considered depending on the treatment and operation sought.
- the implementation of the planted filter 62 with saturated-unsaturated flow advantageously relies on a supply of tarpaulins (sequentially alternating) and homogeneous on the surface of the filter mass 622, or of one or the other of the two masses filters 622 arranged in parallel with the same stage of the planted filter 62 (which may possibly include at least two filtration stages in series).
- the pretreated water EP arrives via the dispersion means 61 alternately on one or the other of the filter masses 622. Consequently, with a planted flow filter saturated-unsaturated, one of the filter masses 622 will be in the “rest phase” without discharge of EP pretreated water, while the other will be in the “supply phase” with a continuous discharge of EP pretreated water. For a planted filter 6 with a single filter bed 622, these two phases follow one another sequentially.
- the pretreated water EP percolates through the filter media of aggregates and rhizome for a predefined residence time to exit in the form of purified water EE.
- the other filter unit 622 is in the “rest phase”, that is to say emptying, without a supply of EP pretreated water.
- the “rest phase” of a filter mass 622 allows the suspended matter accumulated during a previous “feeding phase” to dry and mineralize.
- the rest phase is necessary to promote the process of regeneration of its filtering properties by ensuring that the aerobic treatment conditions of the filter bed concerned are maintained.
- the two phases power supply and rest necessarily follow one another sequentially.
- the “rest phases” and the “feeding phases” with a defined “residence time” are important to its proper functioning, its reliability and its durability in the time, and result in an alternation of saturation phases (anaerobic) and oxygenation phases (aerobic).
- the “residence time” corresponds to the duration necessary to treat the pretreated water EP and transform it into purified water EE, that is to say the duration of exposure to EP pretreated water with the 622 filter mass depending on its size and the content of the filter media (granulate + plant rhizomes).
- the phytopurification treatment module (6) comprises a single planted filter (62) which comprises a single filter bed (622) planted with plants (623). and subjected to alternating phases of filling and partial or total emptying.
- the phytopurification treatment module (6) comprises at least two planted filters (62), either arranged in series and thus forming two successive filtration stages of the module (6), either arranged and supplied in parallel, the two planted filters (62) then being subjected alternately to successive phases of filling and partial or total emptying.
- the or each planted filter (62) of the phytopurification treatment module (6) comprises at least two filter beds (622) planted with plants (623), which are positioned in parallel and supplied with parallel, these filter masses (622) being installed in a single compartmentalized basin thus forming a planted filter (62) with a unitary structure, or in several separate basins, thus constituting a planted filter (62) with a modular structure, the different filter masses being advantageously fed and drained alternately between them.
- the latter can include at least one phytopurification basin with a total height or depth of approximately 30 cm which contains a planted filter 62 which constitutes the biological treatment sector.
- the bottom of the filter block 622 of said filter is preferably with zero slope.
- the filter bed 622 also forming a growth substrate for the planted plants 623, has a height or depth of approximately 20 cm and incorporates added, inert, small mineral aggregates.
- the planted filter 62 is supplied with pretreated gray water EP via a specific irrigation system (dispersion means 61 supplied by the transfer means 5 over the entire surface of the planted filter 62.
- maximum loading height is in this example 20 cm (maximum height of the water level in the filter bed). Beyond this height, an overflow system 63 allows evacuation to the wastewater network (network B) excess water generated by unusually high supply or intense rainfall events.
- the filter bed 62 is vegetated with plants 623 belonging to hardy marsh species, called macrophytes of the helophyte type, selected for example from Iris, Carex, Rushes, Common Loosestrife, Meadowsweets. These particular species, mainly emerging with their feet in the water, accept regular variations in water height.
- the filter mass 62 is fed intermittently to promote its reoxygenation, the residence time of the water in the filter mass 62 is advantageously at least 4 hours.
- the transfer by gravity of the purified water EE leaving the filter mass 62 towards the storage tank 8 can, for example, be controlled either actively by the intermittent opening of a controlled evacuation 7, 71, or passively by means of of a hydraulic device of the so-called “bell siphon” type.
- the filter mass 62 can include plants 623 fixed aerobically on a fine support, for example 20 cm of pozzolan with a particle size of 3/6 mm.
- the flow is of the combined type, namely vertical (upper fraction of the filter bed 62) and horizontal (lower fraction of the filter bed 62).
- the supply of EP pretreated gray water is carried out by successive controlled tanks, the emptying being controlled for example by means of a controlled or programmed solenoid valve 71.
- the alternating operation of the filter (in particular with the absence of power during the night, associated with saturation and emptying phases) leads to the control of the development of the biomass of the planted filter 62.
- the dispersion means 61 of the phytopurification pretreatment module 6 carry out the spreading (extended surface sprinkling) of the pretreated water EP on the filter bed 622 in the “feeding phase”.
- the spreading also contributes to the oxygenation of the filter media which promotes the growth of microorganisms in the rhizosphere and contributes to the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms and pollutants. some water.
- the treatment installation 1 comprises means for managing and controlling the supply and spreading of the pretreated water EP on the filter mass(es) 622 of the phytopurification treatment module 6.
- the phytopurification treatment module 6 In order to compensate for a rainy episode and the accumulation of rainwater in the filter bed(s) 622, in addition to the pretreated water EP, the phytopurification treatment module 6 also includes an overflow means 63, visible on Figure 4 and shown specifically in Figure 5.
- This overflow means 63 allows passive management of the quantity of water volume present within the filtering masses 622.
- the overflow means 63 makes it possible either to store the excess water until the end of the rainy episode, or to evacuate it to the sanitation network external b.
- the overflow means 63 is in the form of a sealed hollow box (or chute) placed in the module 6 and forming a retention dam at the outlet of said module 6. It is equipped with orifices located at one or more predefined heights and calibrated to regulate the evacuation and also prevent the penetration of residues, in particular such as leaves, substrate or root debris, into the box.
- the means 7 for collecting and conveying the purified water EE are present at the outlet of the at least two filtering masses 622, preferably in outlet of the overflow means 63 collecting the water having passed through said filtering masses 622.
- These collection and routing means 7 advantageously include means for managing the residence time 71 of the pretreated water EP within the phytopurification treatment module 6.
- the collection and conveying means 7 comprise collection drains with slots facing downwards of the phytopurification treatment module 6, possibly connected to ventilation chimneys 72 and a solenoid valve 71 controlled to manage the residence time of the pretreated water EP in the filter bed 622.
- Opening the solenoid valve 71 makes it possible to transfer the purified water EE produced from the phytopurification treatment module 6 to the storage means 8 of the tank type. Closing the solenoid valve 71 makes it possible to conserve the water within the phytopurification treatment module 6 at least for the residence time necessary for the purification of the pretreated water EP via the filter bed 622.
- the residence time management means 71 for example of the solenoid valve 71 type, are associated with mechanical filtration means, for example of the sieve filter type, so as to avoid the spilling into the storage means 8 of purified water EE comprising solid compounds coming in particular from the filter mass 622.
- the storage means 8 comprises a storage tank which is arranged at the outlet of the phytopurification treatment module 6 and which is equipped with a microbiological disinfection means 9 allowing the transformation of the EE purified water leaving module 6 as treated water AND respecting the criteria of the health regulations in force locally, taking into account the intended use.
- the storage means 8 comprises a means for managing the volume and regulating the water supply.
- the means for managing the volume and regulating the supply of the quantity of water comprises a pressure switch intended to manage the supply of the storage means 8 either with purified water EE by phytopurification, or by C water from the city network.
- the storage means 8 must include a sufficient volume of water for the actuation of the microbiological disinfection means 9, and therefore, in the event of insufficient volume, the pressure switch makes it possible to supplement the storage means 8 with water. water C from the public drinking water network, or even from another source, natural or not.
- the microbiological disinfection means 9 comprises a means 91 for injecting a disinfection solution and a means 92 for controlling the degree of disinfection 92 of EE purified water.
- the injection means 91 comprises a piston or pump for injecting a disinfection solution which consists, for example, of hydrogen peroxide in the form of hydrogen peroxide solution.
- a disinfection solution which consists, for example, of hydrogen peroxide in the form of hydrogen peroxide solution.
- the oxygenation of the purified water EE contained in the storage means 8 allows its immediate disinfection so as to obtain treated water AND of microbiological quality meeting the standards of the ARS, for its use in flushing toilets in the building 2 or in the green space watering network.
- the means 92 for controlling the disinfection of purified water EE comprises a means of continuous verification of the operating state of the means 91 for injecting a disinfection solution.
- the means of continuous verification of the operating state of the injection means 91 consists of a module for controlling the volume of disinfection solution injected into the storage means 8, which is equipped with a device reporting in the event of insufficient quantity of disinfection solution in the storage means 8.
- the disinfection control means 91 makes it possible to guarantee adequate treatment of the purified water EE to obtain treated water AND of microbiological quality meeting the standards in force, for its revaluation in the supply circuit B1 flushing toilets or watering crops for example.
- the microbiological quality of the treated water ET is guaranteed by the proper operation, preferably continuously, of the microbiological disinfection means 9.
- the permanent injection of a disinfection solution in the storage means 8 makes it possible to disinfect and treat the purified water EE to transform it into treated water ET. Consequently, the microbiological quality of the ET treated water is ensured by the disinfection control means 92 which permanently monitors and verifies the proper functioning of the injection means 91 so as to adjust, in the event of a failure, the volume of injection solution.
- the microbiological disinfection means 9 is configured to ensure a microbiological quality of the treated water (ET) conforming to the criteria of the health regulations in force taking into account the intended use.
- the means 10 of discharge and/or recirculation may comprise a means of additional verification of the microbiological quality of the water processed AND.
- the means of additional verification of the microbiological quality of the treated water ET consists of at least one means of taking water samples, present on the distribution means 10. Taking samples allows microbiological analysis of treated water to verify that it meets standards.
- the sampling means is positioned upstream of a multi-way valve connected both to the external sanitation network B and to the circuit B1 supplying the toilet flushes or watering devices of the building 2, so as to be able to direct the water according to the sample result selectively towards the appropriate network, with of course a preference for circuit B1 if the normative conditions are respected.
- the water is directed to circuit B1 for supplying the toilet flushes or devices watering of building 2 by a multi-way valve.
- the means 10 of discharge and/or recirculation comprise a network of pipes configured to direct the treated water AND towards the ( s) supply circuit(s) B1 for toilet flushes in building 2 and/or at least one device for watering plants and/or green spaces located in or around said building 2, and/or towards the external sanitation or wastewater evacuation network B.
- the means 10 for spilling and/or recirculation further comprise at least upstream of circuit B1 for supplying toilet flushes and/or local watering devices, additional means of mechanical filtration 101.
- the additional means of mechanical filtration 101 are for example in the form of a sieve filter (for example filtration at 150 microns) and/or a zeolite filter (for example filtration at 50 microns), visible in Figure 2.
- the additional mechanical filtration means 101 are present at least upstream of said supply circuit B1 for flushing toilets in building 2 or for watering devices in green spaces, so as to guarantee by an additional means the quality of the water treated AND intended for this use.
- the pre-treatment module 4 of which the or a storage means 42 of the waste water EM preferably forms part, and/or the storage means 8 of the purified water (EE), includes at least one overflow evacuation system.
- the overflow evacuation system makes it possible to evacuate excess water to the sanitation network B so as to avoid saturation or overflow of the storage means 42 or 8 and a malfunction of the treatment facility 1.
- the treatment installation 1 therefore makes it possible to transform EM wastewater from a building into treated water AND of sufficient microbiological quality for its use in a circuit B1 for supply by recirculation, local equipment, such as flushing the toilets of building 2 concerned or watering devices for green spaces, by minimally distorting the environment outside the building, by favoring eco-responsible means which contribute to the depollution of the atmosphere in the environment urban.
- the subject of the invention is also, as shown schematically in Figure 1, a building 2, in particular a tertiary or residential building, catering or collective housing, characterized in that it comprises a treatment installation 1 EM wastewater, in particular or exclusively of the household wastewater type, produced by its occupants, as described above.
Abstract
The present invention relates to a facility (1) for treating wastewater (EM) from a building (2). This facility comprises means for collecting waste water (EM), a phyto-purification treatment module (6) which is positioned on the roof (21) of the building (2) and is configured to convert the wastewater (EM) into purified water, and means (10) for recirculating the purified water, preferably treated water (ET), in at least one interior or local circuit (B1) for the reuse of said treated water (ET) inside or in the vicinity of said building (2), and/or for discharging said treated water (ET), by default or due to an excess, into an external network (B) for sanitising or disposing of wastewater.
Description
Description Description
Titre de l'invention : Installation de traitement des eaux usées et bâtiment comportant une telle installationTitle of the invention: Wastewater treatment installation and building comprising such an installation
[0001 ] [La présente invention entre dans le domaine de l’épuration des eaux. Elle concerne plus particulièrement une installation de traitement des eaux usées d’un bâtiment et un bâtiment comportant une telle installation. [0001] [The present invention enters the field of water purification. It concerns more particularly a wastewater treatment installation from a building and a building comprising such an installation.
[0002] De nos jours, avec une population urbaine en croissance constante, le traitement des eaux usées est une question d’ordre sanitaire prioritaire et récurrente. En effet, la hausse de la population urbaine augmente le volume d’eaux usées à traiter dans le réseau d’assainissement des villes. A cela s’ajoute la raréfaction et le renchérissement de la ressource « eau ». [0002] Nowadays, with a constantly growing urban population, wastewater treatment is a priority and recurring health issue. Indeed, the increase in the urban population increases the volume of wastewater to be treated in the urban sanitation network. Added to this is the scarcity and increase in the cost of the “water” resource.
[0003] De plus, la multiplication du nombre de bâtiments des villes et leur « bétonisation » entraînent l’imperméabilisation des sols ce qui génère un afflux rapide et volumineux d’eaux arrivant dans le réseau d’assainissement, en particulier en cas d’épisode pluvial intense, notamment pour les réseaux unitaires. [0003] Furthermore, the multiplication of the number of buildings in cities and their "concretization" leads to the waterproofing of the soil, which generates a rapid and voluminous influx of water arriving in the sanitation network, particularly in the event of intense rain episode, particularly for unitary networks.
[0004] Ces flux d’eau usée de volumes conséquents en provenance de la population urbaine, ainsi que les évènements climatiques exceptionnels de type sécheresse ou forte précipitation, impactent le fonctionnement des infrastructures urbaines liées au traitement et à l’assainissement des eaux usées, notamment les stations d’épuration. [0004] These flows of wastewater of significant volumes coming from the urban population, as well as exceptional climatic events such as drought or heavy precipitation, impact the operation of urban infrastructures linked to the treatment and sanitation of wastewater, particularly wastewater treatment plants.
[0005] En conséquence, la collecte, le transport et l’assainissement des eaux usées notamment de type eaux ménagères, en station d’épuration, par ces infrastructures de traitement des eaux est de complexité croissante. Il a été constaté que le risque de saturation de ces infrastructures et le risque de débordement des réseaux d’assainissements ne cessent d’augmenter, notamment en milieu urbain. [0005] Consequently, the collection, transport and sanitation of wastewater, particularly of the household water type, in treatment plants, by these water treatment infrastructures is of increasing complexity. It has been noted that the risk of saturation of these infrastructures and the risk of overflowing sanitation networks continues to increase, particularly in urban areas.
[0006] En effet, les agglomérations se développent, la périurbanisation s'accélère et les infrastructures existantes d'assainissement se retrouvent sous-dimensionnées. Deux solutions peuvent être envisagées : soit revoir leur dimensionnement (engendre des milliards d'euros d'investissement), soit chercher à limiter les volumes envoyés vers les stations d’épuration centrales communes.
[0007] Par conséquent, il convient de trouver une solution, simple et adapté au milieu urbain, de gestion et de prise en charge des eaux usées limitant le désordre occasionné dans les infrastructures actuelles de prise en charge et d’assainissement des eaux usées. [0006] Indeed, urban areas are developing, peri-urbanization is accelerating and existing sanitation infrastructures find themselves undersized. Two solutions can be considered: either review their sizing (resulting in billions of euros of investment), or seek to limit the volumes sent to common central wastewater treatment plants. [0007] Consequently, it is necessary to find a solution, simple and adapted to the urban environment, for the management and treatment of wastewater limiting the disorder caused in the current infrastructures for the treatment and sanitation of wastewater.
[0008] En outre, dans une logique écoresponsable de développement durable et de préservation des ressources planétaires, la tendance actuelle consiste à essayer de revaloriser au maximum les eaux usées à disposition, en particulier pour une utilisation dans un contexte d’exigence sanitaire adapté, notamment moins sévère, par exemple dans les chasses d’eaux des sanitaires des bâtiments ou pour l’arrosage de cultures ou des espaces verts (par exemple pour la France : Arrêté du 25/06/2014, modifiant l’arrêté du 2 août 2010 relatif à « l'utilisation d'eaux issues du traitement d'épuration des eaux résiduaires urbaines pour l'irrigation de cultures ou d'espaces verts «). [0008] Furthermore, in an eco-responsible logic of sustainable development and preservation of planetary resources, the current trend consists of trying to revalorize available wastewater as much as possible, in particular for use in a context of suitable health requirements, notably less severe, for example in flushing toilets in buildings or for watering crops or green spaces (for example for France: Order of 06/25/2014, modifying the order of August 2, 2010 relating to “the use of water from the purification treatment of urban waste water for the irrigation of crops or green spaces”).
[0009] Les « eaux usées » correspondent aux « eaux brutes » sortant directement des bâtiments collectifs ou individuels. Les eaux usées sont constituées par les eaux ménagères dites « eaux grises » et les eaux noires dites « eaux vannes ». [0009] “Waste water” corresponds to “raw water” leaving directly from collective or individual buildings. Wastewater consists of domestic water called “gray water” and black water called “sewage water”.
[0010] Les « eaux noires » sont issues des toilettes et sanitaires des bâtiments. Les eaux noires sont constituées d’un mélange de composés solide, notamment les matières fécales, et de composés liquides ou dissouts en milieu liquide, notamment les urines. [0010] “Black water” comes from toilets and sanitary facilities in buildings. Black water is made up of a mixture of solid compounds, notably fecal matter, and liquid compounds or compounds dissolved in a liquid medium, notably urine.
[0011 ] Les eaux dites « ménagères » ou « grises » sont celles issues principalement de douches, lavabos, machines à laver et lave-vaisselles, installés dans ces bâtiments. Les eaux ménagères sont faiblement polluées et en particulier dénuées de contaminations fécales ou d’urines. Il en résulte un fort potentiel de revalorisation des eaux ménagères, notamment pour une utilisation dans les chasses d’eaux des sanitaires ou pour l’irrigation ou l’arrosage des espaces verts. [0011] So-called “domestic” or “gray” water is that coming mainly from showers, sinks, washing machines and dishwashers, installed in these buildings. Household water is lightly polluted and in particular free of fecal or urine contamination. This results in a strong potential for the recovery of household water, particularly for use in flushing toilets or for irrigation or watering green spaces.
[0012] Ainsi, le traitement et la revalorisation, si possible locale, des eaux usées, et en particulier ménagères, constituent des enjeux majeurs pour la préservation des ressources hydriques et la limitation de l’impact négatif de la présence humaine à forte densité, en particulier en milieu urbain où le volume d’eaux usées, notamment ménagères, produit est important.
[0013] Il existe déjà de nombreux dispositifs de traitement des eaux usées ménagères permettant leur redistribution directement dans des bâtiments urbains. Ces dispositifs de traitement des eaux usées d’un bâtiment comprennent au moins un moyen de récupération desdites eaux, suivi d’un moyen de traitement de ces eaux et un moyen de redistribution dans le réseau de toilettes sanitaires ou d’irrigation ou d’arrosage des cultures. [0012] Thus, the treatment and revaluation, if possible locally, of wastewater, and in particular domestic water, constitute major challenges for the preservation of water resources and the limitation of the negative impact of high density human presence, particularly in urban areas where the volume of wastewater, particularly household wastewater, produced is significant. [0013] There are already numerous household wastewater treatment devices allowing their redistribution directly in urban buildings. These devices for treating wastewater from a building comprise at least one means of recovering said water, followed by a means of treating this water and a means of redistribution in the sanitary toilet or irrigation or watering network. cultures.
[0014] Toutefois, ces dispositifs connus de traitement des eaux usées sont généralement : However, these known wastewater treatment devices are generally:
- de structure complexe, avec une multitude de conduits d’acheminement et de cuves de stockage ou traitement, entrainant une gestion de transfert, d’alimentation et de distribution de l’eau usée à traiter qui s’avère complexe au sein du réseau d’assainissement ; - complex structure, with a multitude of conveyance pipes and storage or treatment tanks, leading to management of transfer, supply and distribution of the waste water to be treated which proves to be complex within the network sanitation;
- de structure encombrante avec un déploiement au sol ou au sein du bâtiments conséquent, ce qui génère une perte de disponibilité des espaces ainsi occupés dans et à proximité du bâtiment, pour un autre usage, - bulky structure with significant deployment on the ground or within the building, which generates a loss of availability of the spaces thus occupied in and near the building, for another use,
- d’une consommation énergétique importante pour son fonctionnement, notamment pour l’actionnement des vannes d’alimentation, la circulation à travers les filtres de traitement, le transfert et le stockage des eaux, - significant energy consumption for its operation, in particular for the actuation of the supply valves, the circulation through the treatment filters, the transfer and storage of water,
- de coûts de fabrication et de mise en place élevés, - high manufacturing and installation costs,
- visuellement inesthétiques et dévalorisent l’extérieur et/ou l’intérieur du bâtiment au sein du paysage urbain. - visually unsightly and devalue the exterior and/or interior of the building within the urban landscape.
[0015] De plus, les dispositifs connus de traitement des eaux usées d’un bâtiment nécessitent des contrôles de maintenance réguliers, en particulier pour tenir compte des effets des phénomènes de gels /dégels sur son fonctionnement, des risques de saturation voire de blocage des conduits ou filtres, lorsque l’afflux d’eaux usées est trop important. [0015] Furthermore, known devices for treating wastewater from a building require regular maintenance checks, in particular to take into account the effects of freezing/thawing phenomena on its operation, the risks of saturation or even blocking of the conduits or filters, when the influx of wastewater is too great.
[0016] Des dispositifs connus présentant au moins certaines des limitations précitées sont par exemples divulgués par les documents suivants : CZ 306199, FR 3105208, US 7754079 et US 2009/001002. [0016] Known devices exhibiting at least some of the aforementioned limitations are for example disclosed by the following documents: CZ 306199, FR 3105208, US 7754079 and US 2009/001002.
[0017] Il existe donc une demande non satisfaite à ce jour pour un dispositif amélioré de traitement des eaux usées d’un bâtiment, en particulier de ses eaux usées
ménagères ou grises, permettant une revalorisation desdites eaux et leur usage sécurisé pour les chasses d’eau du bâtiment ou pour l’arrosage des espaces verts, qui soit de structure simple, d’encombrement limité, voire minimum, de maintenance et de gestion faciles, sans impact négatif sur l’environnement et d’un aspect esthétique acceptable voire visuellement améliorant dans le paysage urbain. [0017] There is therefore an unsatisfied demand to date for an improved device for treating wastewater from a building, in particular its wastewater. household or gray, allowing a revaluation of said water and its safe use for flushing toilets in buildings or for watering green spaces, which is simple in structure, limited or even minimal in size, easy to maintain and manage , without negative impact on the environment and with an acceptable or even visually improving aesthetic appearance in the urban landscape.
[0018] La présente invention a pour but principal de répondre au moins partiellement, et préférentiellement sensiblement en totalité, à la demande précitée. The main aim of the present invention is to respond at least partially, and preferably substantially in full, to the aforementioned request.
[0019] A cet effet, la présente invention concerne une installation de traitement des eaux usées d’un bâtiment, caractérisée en ce qu’elle comprend : [0019] For this purpose, the present invention relates to an installation for treating wastewater from a building, characterized in that it comprises:
- des moyens de collecte des eaux usées, un module de pré-traitement configuré pour transformer lesdites eaux usées en eaux prétraitées, - means of collecting waste water, a pre-treatment module configured to transform said waste water into pre-treated water,
- un module de traitement par phytoépuration, positionné au niveau de la toiture du bâtiment et configuré pour transformer les eaux prétraitées en eaux épurées,- a phytopurification treatment module, positioned at the roof of the building and configured to transform pretreated water into purified water,
- un moyen de stockage desdites eaux épurées, avantageusement équipé d’un moyen de désinfection microbiologique configuré pour transformer les eaux épurées en eaux traitées, et - a means of storing said purified water, advantageously equipped with a means of microbiological disinfection configured to transform the purified water into treated water, and
- des moyens de recirculation des eaux épurées, ou le cas échéant des eaux traitées, dans au moins un circuit intérieur ou local pour une réutilisation desdites eaux épurées ou traitées à l’intérieur ou aux alentours dudit bâtiment, et/ou de déversement desdites eaux épurées ou traitées, par défaut ou par excès, dans un réseau externe d’assainissement ou d’évacuation des eaux usées, le module de traitement comprenant au moins un filtre planté à écoulement saturé-non saturé. - means of recirculating purified water, or where appropriate treated water, in at least one internal or local circuit for reuse of said purified or treated water inside or around said building, and/or discharge of said water purified or treated, by default or in excess, in an external sanitation or wastewater evacuation network, the treatment module comprising at least one planted filter with saturated-unsaturated flow.
[0020] L’installation de traitement des eaux usées de l’invention est de structure simplifiée et nécessite peu de temps et de moyens de gestion et de maintenance par un opérateur, notamment pour le module de traitement par phytoépuration qui présente un fonctionnement quasi autonome sur la durée. [0020] The wastewater treatment installation of the invention has a simplified structure and requires little time and resources for management and maintenance by an operator, in particular for the phytopurification treatment module which has almost autonomous operation. over time.
[0021 ] De plus, l’encombrement pris par l’installation de l’invention au sein du bâtiment est limité, notamment du fait d’une implantation du module de traitement par
phytoépuration en toiture et d’un nombre de moyens de stockage restreint. Ainsi, le volume occupé par l’installation de l’invention au sein du bâtiment est optimisé pour limiter son déploiement dans des zones valorisables du bâtiment, aptes favorablement à un autre usage. [0021] In addition, the space taken up by the installation of the invention within the building is limited, in particular due to the installation of the processing module by phytopurification on the roof and a limited number of storage means. Thus, the volume occupied by the installation of the invention within the building is optimized to limit its deployment in valuable areas of the building, favorably suited to another use.
[0022] En outre, le module de traitement par phytoépuration en toiture de l’installation de l’invention permet aussi de récupérer directement et simplement les eaux de pluies, en plus des eaux usées à traiter, de créer une zone tampon, d’améliorer l’isolation thermique, voir phonique, du bâtiment et de valoriser son esthétisme en lui conférant un cachet « vert » et un marquage écologique, par la mise en place d’une zone plantée sur le toit. Cette zone végétalisée sous forme de milieu aquatique planté confère en outre au bâtiment des propriétés d’isolation thermique et de rafraîchissement spécifiques au niveau du toit. Du fait de sa spécificité, elle contribue aussi à la biodiversité en milieu urbain. [0022] Furthermore, the phytopurification treatment module on the roof of the installation of the invention also makes it possible to directly and simply recover rainwater, in addition to the wastewater to be treated, to create a buffer zone, to improve the thermal and even sound insulation of the building and enhance its aesthetics by giving it a “green” character and ecological marking, by setting up a planted area on the roof. This vegetated zone in the form of a planted aquatic environment also gives the building specific thermal insulation and cooling properties at roof level. Due to its specificity, it also contributes to biodiversity in urban areas.
[0023] De plus, l’installation de l’invention permet de limiter les consommations énergétiques et charges du bâtiment en recyclant la majorité des eaux usées, notamment ménagères. En particulier, en limitant ou évitant le recours à l’eau potable pour des utilisations sans contact direct avec les personnes, il est possible de réduire la consommation de cette ressource qui se renchérie actuellement et qu’il y a lieu de préserver. [0023] Furthermore, the installation of the invention makes it possible to limit energy consumption and building costs by recycling the majority of wastewater, particularly household wastewater. In particular, by limiting or avoiding the use of drinking water for uses without direct contact with people, it is possible to reduce the consumption of this resource which is currently becoming more expensive and which must be preserved.
[0024] Dans cette même logique écoresponsable, l’installation de l’invention contribue à la dépollution, au rafraîchissement de l’atmosphère à proximité du bâtiment et à l’amélioration de l’environnement paysager urbain, notamment par la présence en toiture des végétaux du module de traitement par phytoépuration. [0024] In this same eco-responsible logic, the installation of the invention contributes to the depollution, to the cooling of the atmosphere near the building and to the improvement of the urban landscape environment, in particular by the presence on the roof of plants from the phytopurification treatment module.
[0025] L’installation de l’invention constitue donc un moyen de structure simple et efficace pour le traitement des eaux usées d’un bâtiment, permettant favorablement leur recyclage et revalorisation localement en tant que ressources hydrique et hydraulique, en priorisant une réutilisation desdites eaux traitées à l’intérieur ou aux alentours dudit bâtiment, notamment par exemple dans le réseau des toilettes sanitaires dudit bâtiment, dans d’éventuelles installations de nettoyage de véhicules, du bâtiment ou de ses environs, ou dans un réseau d’irrigation ou d’arrosage, éventuellement automatisé, des espaces verts environnants ou de plantes installées sur des balcons par exemple.
[0026] En outre, l’installation de l’invention respecte l’environnement. L’installation de l’invention combine esthétisme et conception éco responsable et entre dans une logique de préservation des ressources d’eaux planétaires, sans toutefois léser la sécurité, le confort et le besoin d’usage en eau de la population, notamment ceux des zones fortement peuplées. [0025] The installation of the invention therefore constitutes a simple and effective structural means for the treatment of wastewater from a building, favorably allowing their recycling and revaluation locally as water and hydraulic resources, by prioritizing a reuse of said water treated inside or around said building, in particular for example in the sanitary toilet network of said building, in possible vehicle cleaning installations, in the building or its surroundings, or in an irrigation or water network. watering, possibly automated, of surrounding green spaces or of plants installed on balconies for example. [0026] Furthermore, the installation of the invention respects the environment. The installation of the invention combines aesthetics and eco-responsible design and is part of a logic of preserving planetary water resources, without however harming the safety, comfort and need for water use of the population, particularly those of heavily populated areas.
[0027] L'invention sera mieux comprise, grâce à la description ci-après, qui se rapporte à des modes et variantes de réalisation préférés, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, et expliqués avec référence aux dessins schématiques annexés, dans lesquels : The invention will be better understood, thanks to the description below, which relates to preferred modes and variants of embodiment, given by way of non-limiting examples, and explained with reference to the appended schematic drawings, in which :
[0028] [Fig. 1 ] représente une vue schématique en perspective d’un bâtiment équipé d’une installation de traitement des eaux usées selon l’invention, [0028] [Fig. 1] represents a schematic perspective view of a building equipped with a wastewater treatment installation according to the invention,
[0029] [Fig. 2] représente une vue schématique fonctionnelle d’une installation de traitement des eaux ménagères de l’invention, [0029] [Fig. 2] represents a functional schematic view of a domestic water treatment installation of the invention,
[0030] [Fig. 3] représente une vue schématique de dessus d’un mode de réalisation du module de traitement par phytoépuration, [0030] [Fig. 3] represents a schematic top view of one embodiment of the phytopurification treatment module,
[0031 ] [Fig. 4] représente une vue schématique en coupe selon A-A du module de traitement par phytoépuration des eaux, représenté figure 3, [0031] [Fig. 4] represents a schematic sectional view along A-A of the water phytopurification treatment module, shown in Figure 3,
[0032] Fig. 5] est une vue en perspective d’un moyen de surverse faisant partie du module des figures 3 et 4. [0032] Fig. 5] is a perspective view of an overflow means forming part of the module of Figures 3 and 4.
[0033] Dans la présente demande, le terme « bâtiment » désigne principalement et préférentiellement les bâtiments collectifs, de types immeubles d’habitation, tertiaires ou professionnels, mais peut aussi désigner des bâtiments individuels, du type maisons individuelles. [0033] In the present application, the term “building” mainly and preferably designates collective buildings, such as residential, tertiary or professional buildings, but can also designate individual buildings, such as individual houses.
[0034] De la même manière, le terme « eaux ménagères » désigne les eaux faiblement polluées issues des douches, lavabo, machine à laver, lave -vaisselle, sans contamination fécales ou urinaires, sous une forme globale liquide mais pouvant présenter des composés solides, de type déchets/résidus alimentaires ou organiques, cheveux, poils, fibres naturelles ou synthétiques. [0034] In the same way, the term “domestic water” designates lightly polluted water from showers, sinks, washing machines, dishwashers, without fecal or urinary contamination, in an overall liquid form but which may contain solid compounds. , such as food or organic waste/residues, hair, natural or synthetic fibers.
[0035] Dans la présente, le terme « eaux prétraitées » désigne les eaux ayant subi un prétraitement visant à éliminer, avantageusement par filtration mécanique, les matières solides ou visqueuses grossières en flottation, en suspension,
notamment aussi les excédents de graisses et d’huile. Un tel prétraitement peut être ou non utile ou nécessaire en fonction de la nature et de la qualité des eaux usées à traiter. [0035] In the present, the term “pretreated water” designates water having undergone pretreatment aimed at eliminating, advantageously by mechanical filtration, coarse solid or viscous materials in flotation, in suspension, particularly also excess fats and oil. Such pretreatment may or may not be useful or necessary depending on the nature and quality of the wastewater to be treated.
[0036] De même, le terme « eaux épurées » désigne les eaux prétraitées, après passage dans le module de traitement par phytoépuration, qui ont subi un traitement par phytoépuration. La phytoépuration est un traitement d’épuration de l’eau impliquant une dépollution de l’eau par des plantes adaptées et par les microorganismes associés aux systèmes racinaires de ces plantes. Des exemples de mise en œuvre de la phytoépuration sont notamment décrits dans les documents US 6277274, FR 2942791 et WO 2021/018629. [0036] Likewise, the term “purified water” designates pretreated water, after passing through the phytopurification treatment module, which has undergone phytopurification treatment. Phytopurification is a water purification treatment involving the depollution of water by adapted plants and by microorganisms associated with the root systems of these plants. Examples of implementing phytopurification are described in particular in documents US 6277274, FR 2942791 and WO 2021/018629.
[0037] Le termes « eaux traitées » désigne dans la présente les eaux épurées au sein du moyen de stockage après application du moyen de désinfection microbiologique. Les eaux traitées présentent, pour une application en France de l’invention, une qualité microbiologique répondant à la norme de l’Agence Régionale de la Santé (ARS) et de l’Arrêté du 2 août 2010 relatif à l'utilisation d'eaux issues du traitement d'épuration des eaux résiduaires urbaines pour l'irrigation de cultures ou d'espaces verts et de l’Arrêté français du 11 janvier 2007 relatif aux limites et références de qualité des eaux brutes et des eaux destinées à la consommation humaine mentionnées aux articles R. 1321 -2, R. 1321 -3, R. 1321 -7 et R. 1321 -38 du code de la santé publique français. Dans le cadre d’une application de l’invention dans un autre pays, les eaux traitées ET présenteront une qualité microbiologique répondant à la règlementation et aux critères sanitaires en vigueur localement par une adaptation correspondante des moyens de l’invention, qui est à la portée de l’homme du métier ayant connaissance de la présente invention. [0037] The term “treated water” designates herein the water purified within the storage means after application of the microbiological disinfection means. The treated waters present, for an application in France of the invention, a microbiological quality meeting the standard of the Regional Health Agency (ARS) and the Order of August 2, 2010 relating to the use of water from the purification treatment of urban waste water for the irrigation of crops or green spaces and the French Decree of January 11, 2007 relating to the limits and quality references of raw water and water intended for human consumption mentioned in articles R. 1321 -2, R. 1321 -3, R. 1321 -7 and R. 1321 -38 of the French public health code. In the context of an application of the invention in another country, the treated water AND will present a microbiological quality meeting the regulations and health criteria in force locally by a corresponding adaptation of the means of the invention, which is at the scope of those skilled in the art having knowledge of the present invention.
[0038] De manière générale et quel que soit le pays de mise en œuvre de l’invention, les « eaux traitées » obtenues en fin de traitement par l’installation 1 présentent à tout le moins une concentration en polluants et microorganismes admissibles pour : [0038] In general and whatever the country in which the invention is implemented, the “treated water” obtained at the end of treatment by installation 1 has at least a concentration of pollutants and microorganisms admissible for:
- être déversées directement dans la nature (arrosage ou irrigation), sans risquer de polluer l’environnement, notamment la nappe phréatique, et/ou,
- retourner dans un réseau résidentiel et alimenter les chasses d’eau des toilettes, lorsque la règlementation locale l’autorise. - be discharged directly into nature (watering or irrigation), without risking polluting the environment, particularly the water table, and/or, - return to a residential network and flush toilets, when local regulations authorize it.
[0039] Tel que visible sur la figure 1 ou la figure 2, la présente invention concerne une installation de traitement 1 des eaux usées EM d’un bâtiment 2, caractérisée en ce qu’elle comprend : As visible in Figure 1 or Figure 2, the present invention relates to a treatment installation 1 for EM wastewater from a building 2, characterized in that it comprises:
- des moyens 3 de collecte des eaux usées EM, un module de pré-traitement 4 configuré pour transformer lesdites eaux usées EM en eaux prétraitées EP, - means 3 for collecting EM wastewater, a pre-treatment module 4 configured to transform said EM wastewater into EP pretreated water,
- un module de traitement par phytoépuration 6, positionné au niveau de la toiture 21 du bâtiment 2 et configuré pour transformer les eaux prétraitées EP en eaux épurées EE, - a phytopurification treatment module 6, positioned at the level of the roof 21 of building 2 and configured to transform pretreated water EP into purified water EE,
- un moyen de stockage 8 desdites eaux épurées EE, avantageusement équipé d’un moyen de désinfection microbiologique 9 configuré pour transformer les eaux épurées EE en eaux traitées ET, et - a storage means 8 of said EE purified water, advantageously equipped with a microbiological disinfection means 9 configured to transform the EE purified water into ET treated water, and
- des moyens 10 de recirculation des eaux épurées EE, ou le cas échéant des eaux traitées ET, dans au moins un circuit B1 intérieur ou local pour une réutilisation desdites eaux épurées EE ou traitées ET à l’intérieur ou aux alentours dudit bâtiment 2, et/ou de déversement desdites eaux épurées EE ou traitées ET, par défaut ou par excès, dans un réseau externe B d’assainissement ou d’évacuation des eaux usées - means 10 for recirculating EE purified water, or where appropriate ET treated water, in at least one internal or local circuit B1 for reuse of said EE purified or ET treated water inside or around said building 2, and/or discharge of said EE purified or treated water AND, by default or in excess, into an external sanitation or wastewater evacuation network B
- le module de traitement par phytoépuration 6 comprenant au moins un filtre planté 62 à écoulement saturé-non saturé. - the phytopurification treatment module 6 comprising at least one planted filter 62 with saturated-unsaturated flow.
[0040] L’installation de traitement 1 est de configuration structurelle simple avec un nombre réduit de moyens, mais permet néanmoins la transformation de l’eau usée EM, notamment de type eau usée ménagère, au moins en eau épurée EE, préférentiellement en eau traitée ET de qualité microbiologique suffisante pour une utilisation à la fois en interne dans le bâtiment et au niveau de son espace environnant. The treatment installation 1 has a simple structural configuration with a reduced number of means, but nevertheless allows the transformation of waste water EM, in particular of the household waste water type, at least into purified water EE, preferably into water treated AND of sufficient microbiological quality for use both internally in the building and in its surrounding space.
[0041 ] Le module de traitement par phytoépuration 6 constituant la composante occupant le plus de surface au sol est installé sur la toiture21. Ainsi, l’installation de traitement 1 étant préférentiellement déployée majoritairement sur le dessus du bâtiment (toiture 21 plate), son déploiement au sol est ainsi limité, ce qui favorise
la libération d’espace et les possibilités de développement de zones naturelles dans le paysage urbain à proximité du bâtiment, en plus de fournir un espace de verdure au niveau de la toiture 21. A l’opposé, en n’installant que le module de traitement par phytoépuration 6 sur le toit, la structure de la toiture et les éléments porteurs du bâtiment ne sont pas exagérément sollicités. En particulier le module de prétraitement 4 (avec sa cuve de stockage tampon 42) et le moyen de stockage 8, et éventuellement d’autres éléments constitutifs de l’installation 1 (autres que le module 6), peuvent être disposés dans un local ou espace équivalent T dans le sous-sol du bâtiment 2 comportant l’installation 1 (voir figures 1 et 2). [0041] The phytopurification treatment module 6 constituting the component occupying the most floor space is installed on the roof21. Thus, the treatment installation 1 being preferentially deployed mainly on the top of the building (flat roof 21), its deployment on the ground is thus limited, which favors the freeing up of space and the possibilities for developing natural areas in the urban landscape near the building, in addition to providing a green space at roof level 21. On the other hand, by installing only the module of treatment by phytopurification 6 on the roof, the structure of the roof and the supporting elements of the building are not excessively stressed. In particular the pretreatment module 4 (with its buffer storage tank 42) and the storage means 8, and possibly other elements constituting the installation 1 (other than the module 6), can be arranged in a room or equivalent space T in the basement of building 2 containing installation 1 (see figures 1 and 2).
[0042] Le principe de fonctionnement hydraulique du ou de chaque filtre planté 62 est de type non-saturé / saturé. Lors des phases d’alimentation, les eaux s’écoulent verticalement et gravitairement dans la porosité du massif filtrant 622 planté de végétaux 623 du filtre planté 62 concerné, jusqu’à saturation de la porosité dudit massif sur une hauteur variable dépendant du volume d’eau à traiter. La saturation associée à un temps de séjour hydraulique contribue aux performances épuratoires du filtre planté 62. The hydraulic operating principle of the or each planted filter 62 is of the unsaturated/saturated type. During the feeding phases, the water flows vertically and gravitationally into the porosity of the filter bed 622 planted with plants 623 of the planted filter 62 concerned, until saturation of the porosity of said bed over a variable height depending on the volume of water to be treated. The saturation associated with a hydraulic residence time contributes to the purifying performance of the planted filter 62.
[0043] Lorsque le traitement est achevé (par mesure d’une durée de séjour), le filtre planté 62 considéré est vidangé intégralement, ou partiellement, permettant ainsi sa réoxygénation. L’alternance de phases de remplissage et de vidange, préférentiellement associée à une alimentation par bâchées, permet de faire varier les conditions d’oxygénation dans ledit filtre et donc d’instaurer des conditions aérobies / anaérobies dans le filtre, favorables au traitement. Une description plus précise de ce mode de fonctionnement d’un filtre planté 62 mis en œuvre dans le cadre de l’invention est présentée ci-après. [0043] When the treatment is completed (by measuring a residence time), the planted filter 62 in question is completely or partially drained, thus allowing its reoxygenation. The alternation of filling and emptying phases, preferably associated with a supply through tarpaulins, makes it possible to vary the oxygenation conditions in said filter and therefore to establish aerobic/anaerobic conditions in the filter, favorable to the treatment. A more precise description of this mode of operation of a planted filter 62 implemented within the framework of the invention is presented below.
[0044] L’installation de traitement 1 , en plus de préserver l’environnement par une revalorisation des ressources en eaux disponibles, permet de garantir une qualité d’eau traitée pour l’usage déterminé. En outre, l’installation de traitement 1 favorise l’amélioration de la qualité de l’atmosphère en ville, et participe à la dépollution et à l’amélioration de l’esthétisme du paysage urbain en permettant notamment le développement et la croissance de plantes sur les toitures des bâtiments. [0044] The treatment installation 1, in addition to preserving the environment by revaluing the available water resources, makes it possible to guarantee the quality of the treated water for the specific use. In addition, the treatment installation 1 promotes the improvement of the quality of the atmosphere in the city, and contributes to the depollution and improvement of the aesthetics of the urban landscape by notably allowing the development and growth of plants. on the roofs of buildings.
[0045] L’installation 1 intègre un module de prétraitement 4 et un moyen de stockage 8. De plus, pour assurer la circulation de l’eau entre les différentes composantes
fonctionnelles de l’installation 1 , cette dernière peut comporter, outre les moyens 3 de collecte des eaux usées EM, également des moyens 5 de transfert des eaux prétraitées EP et/ou des moyens 7 de collecte et d’acheminement des eaux épurées EE. [0045] The installation 1 integrates a pretreatment module 4 and a storage means 8. Furthermore, to ensure the circulation of water between the different components functional of the installation 1, the latter may include, in addition to the means 3 for collecting waste water EM, also means 5 for transferring pretreated water EP and/or means 7 for collecting and conveying purified water EE.
[0046] On peut relever qu’en utilisant une préfiltration par effet gravitaire et une filtration à écoulement libre à travers un filtre planté, seule une consommation d’énergie limitée (relevage) est nécessaire pour ces deux fonctions. [0046] It can be noted that by using pre-filtration by gravity effect and free-flow filtration through a planted filter, only limited energy consumption (lifting) is necessary for these two functions.
[0047] Selon un mode de réalisation avantageux de l’invention, ressortant aussi des figures 1 et 2, l’installation 1 comprend plus précisément : [0047] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, also apparent from Figures 1 and 2, the installation 1 comprises more precisely:
- des moyens 3 de collecte des eaux usées EM, en particulier au moins les eaux usées ménagères EM, configurés pour alimenter le module de pré-traitement 4, - means 3 for collecting EM wastewater, in particular at least EM household wastewater, configured to supply the pre-treatment module 4,
- des moyens 5 de transfert des eaux prétraitées EP (issues du module 4) vers le module de traitement par phytoépuration 6, ces moyens de transfert 5 comprenant avantageusement au moins une pompe de relevage auto curable 51 associée à une colonne de relevage 52, - means 5 for transferring pretreated water EP (from module 4) to the phytopurification treatment module 6, these transfer means 5 advantageously comprising at least one self-curing lifting pump 51 associated with a lifting column 52,
- des moyens 7 de collecte des eaux épurées EE et d’acheminement de celles- ci vers le moyen de stockage 8 équipé du moyen 9 de désinfection microbiologique transformant les eaux épurées EE en eaux traitées ET,- means 7 for collecting the purified water EE and transporting it to the storage means 8 equipped with the means 9 for microbiological disinfection transforming the purified water EE into treated water ET,
- des moyens 10 de recirculation desdites eaux traitées ET dans au moins un circuit B1 d’alimentation de chasses d’eau de toilettes du bâtiment 2 et/ou d’au moins un dispositif d’arrosage ou d’irrigation de cultures, par exemple de plantes, de jardinières et/ou d’espaces verts cultivés ou d’agrémentation, situé(e)s dans ou autour dudit bâtiment 2, et/ou de déversement des eaux traitées ET dans le réseau externe B d’assainissement ou d’évacuation des eaux usées, c’est à dire normalement le réseau public. - means 10 for recirculating said treated water AND in at least one circuit B1 for supplying toilet flushes of building 2 and/or at least one device for watering or irrigating crops, for example plants, planters and/or cultivated or decorative green spaces, located in or around said building 2, and/or discharge of treated water AND into the external sanitation or sanitation network B wastewater evacuation, normally the public network.
[0048] Préférentiellement, les moyens 5 de transfert des eaux prétraitées EP vers le module de traitement par phytoépuration 6 sont configurés et commandés pour réaliser une alimentation par bâchées du ou des filtres plantés 62 et les moyens 7 de collecte des eaux épurées EE et d’acheminement de celles-ci vers le moyen de stockage 8 sont configurés et commandés pour réaliser, de manière contrôlée ou
à intervalle régulier correspondant à une durée de séjour préprogrammée, une vidange partielle ou totale des eaux épurées EE du ou des filtres plantés 62, aboutissant à l’alternance précitée de phases de remplissage et de vidage du module de traitement par phytoépuration 6. [0048] Preferably, the means 5 for transferring the pretreated water EP to the phytopurification treatment module 6 are configured and controlled to provide a tarpaulin supply of the planted filter(s) 62 and the means 7 for collecting the purified water EE and d routing of these towards the storage means 8 are configured and controlled to carry out, in a controlled manner or at regular intervals corresponding to a pre-programmed length of stay, a partial or total emptying of the purified water EE from the installed filter(s) 62, resulting in the aforementioned alternation of filling and emptying phases of the phytopurification treatment module 6.
[0049] Selon une caractéristique possible de l’invention, visible sur les figures 1 et 2, le module de pré-traitement 4, de préférence positionné au sein de la partie basse ou de la cave du bâtiment 2, par exemple dans un local technique T en sous-sol ensemble avec la cuve de stockage 8 et éventuellement une partie au moins de leurs équipements accessoires, comprend : [0049] According to a possible characteristic of the invention, visible in Figures 1 and 2, the pre-treatment module 4, preferably positioned within the lower part or the cellar of the building 2, for example in a room technique T in the basement together with the storage tank 8 and possibly at least part of their accessory equipment, includes:
- au moins un moyen de séparation 41 configuré pour séparer les eaux usées EM des déchets solides, notamment alimentaires ou organiques, par exemple un filtre séparateur auto-curable, le cas échéant tourbillonnaire, et, - at least one separation means 41 configured to separate EM wastewater from solid waste, in particular food or organic waste, for example a self-curing separator filter, where appropriate swirling, and,
- au moins un moyen de stockage 42 des eaux usées EM, éventuellement muni d’un moyen de filtration mécanique 43, tel qu’un bac de préfiltration équipé d’évents d’aération et de trop pleins débouchant sur le réseau d’assainissement B, dont l’évacuation est dirigée préférentiellement gravitairement vers les moyens de transfert (5). - at least one storage means 42 of waste water EM, possibly provided with a mechanical filtration means 43, such as a pre-filtration tank equipped with ventilation vents and overflows opening onto the sanitation network B , the evacuation of which is preferably directed by gravity towards the transfer means (5).
[0050] Positionné en partie basse du bâtiment 2, le module de prétraitement 4 est facile d’accès pour un opérateur, notamment en cas de contrôle et permet de récupérer les eaux usées en provenance des hauteurs du bâtiment 2 par simple effet de gravité, sans nécessité de dispositif de déplacement supplémentaire énergivore. [0050] Positioned in the lower part of building 2, the pretreatment module 4 is easy to access for an operator, particularly in the event of an inspection, and makes it possible to recover wastewater coming from the heights of building 2 by the simple effect of gravity, without the need for an additional energy-consuming moving device.
[0051 ] De plus, placer le module de prétraitement 4 à l’intérieur du bâtiment 2 le protège contre les intempéries et les agents climatiques, et notamment les phénomènes de gels-dégels, et permet d’assurer sa préservation dans le temps. [0051] In addition, placing the pretreatment module 4 inside the building 2 protects it against bad weather and climatic agents, and in particular freeze-thaw phenomena, and ensures its preservation over time.
[0052] En outre, le positionnement en partie basse du bâtiment 2 du module de prétraitement 4 facilite le rejet des déchets solides, de type alimentaire directement dans le réseau d’évacuation prévu à cet effet, après l’opération de séparation via les moyens de séparation 41 . [0052] Furthermore, the positioning in the lower part of the building 2 of the pretreatment module 4 facilitates the rejection of solid waste, of the food type directly into the evacuation network provided for this purpose, after the separation operation via the means separation 41.
[0053] Selon l’invention, le moyen de séparation 41 sépare physiquement, par voie mécanique, les déchets solides des eaux usées EM liquides. Différents moyens
connus de l’homme du métier pour réaliser cette séparation peuvent être mis en œuvre. [0053] According to the invention, the separation means 41 physically separates, mechanically, the solid waste from liquid EM wastewater. Different means known to those skilled in the art to achieve this separation can be implemented.
[0054] Selon un mode de réalisation compatible avec l’exemple précédent, le moyen de séparation 41 comprend au moins un filtre séparateur auto curable. Ce dernier permet de séparer grossièrement les déchets solides convoyés de la fraction liquide des eaux usées EM, en particulier de type déchets alimentaires. According to an embodiment compatible with the previous example, the separation means 41 comprises at least one self-curing separator filter. The latter makes it possible to roughly separate the conveyed solid waste from the liquid fraction of EM wastewater, in particular of the food waste type.
[0055] Après séparation par les moyens de séparation 41 , les déchets solides sont dirigés dans le réseau d’assainissement B par tous moyens adaptés connus et les eaux usées EM sont dirigées vers au moins un moyen de stockage 42 par tout moyen connu de type conduit ou canalisation. [0055] After separation by the separation means 41, the solid waste is directed into the sanitation network B by any known suitable means and the waste water EM is directed to at least one storage means 42 by any known means of the type conduit or pipeline.
[0056] Selon l’invention, ledit au moins un moyen de stockage 42 est destiné au stockage des eaux usées EM avant leur transfert vers le module de traitement par phytoépuration 6. Par exemple, le moyen de stockage peut consister en un bac ou une cuve de stockage. [0056] According to the invention, said at least one storage means 42 is intended for storing EM wastewater before its transfer to the phytopurification treatment module 6. For example, the storage means may consist of a tank or a storage tank.
[0057] Selon un mode de réalisation particulier compatible avec les exemples précédents, le moyen de stockage 42 est muni d’un moyen de filtration mécanique 43 permettant une filtration supplémentaire des eaux usées EM et leur séparation des déchets solides. En outre, ce moyen de stockage 42 est configuré constructivement pour prévenir le développement de mouches, moustiques et autres insectes nuisibles. [0057] According to a particular embodiment compatible with the previous examples, the storage means 42 is provided with a mechanical filtration means 43 allowing additional filtration of EM wastewater and their separation from solid waste. In addition, this storage means 42 is constructively configured to prevent the development of flies, mosquitoes and other harmful insects.
[0058] Comme visible sur la figure 2, le moyen de stockage 42 consiste par exemple en un bac de préfiltration 42 muni d’au moins un filtre de séparation mécanique 43 de type filtre granulaire permettant de dissocier les eaux usées EM des déchets alimentaires solides par une filtration verticale à travers le matériau granulaire. [0058] As visible in Figure 2, the storage means 42 consists for example of a prefiltration tank 42 provided with at least one mechanical separation filter 43 of the granular filter type making it possible to separate EM waste water from solid food waste by vertical filtration through the granular material.
[0059] Selon l’invention, le filtre de séparation mécanique 43 est configuré pour séparer plus finement les eaux usées EM de leurs déchets solides que le moyen de séparation 41 . [0059] According to the invention, the mechanical separation filter 43 is configured to separate EM wastewater from its solid waste more finely than the separation means 41.
[0060] Selon un exemple de réalisation de l’installation de traitement 1 compatible avec les exemples précédents, l’installation 1 peut comprendre des moyens de dispersion et de distribution surfacique 61 de l’eau prétraitée (EP) au niveau du module 6 de traitement par phytoépuration 6. De plus, il peut être prévu que les
moyens de transfert 5 comprennent au moins une pompe de relevage auto curable 51 associée à une colonne de relevage 52, laquelle débouche sur lesdits moyens de dispersion et de distribution surfacique 61 qui assurent préférentiellement une répartition sensiblement homogène sur toute la superficie du module 6. Ces moyens 61 peuvent par exemple, de manière non limitative, consister en des buses à aspersion angulaire étendue. [0060] According to an exemplary embodiment of the treatment installation 1 compatible with the previous examples, the installation 1 can comprise means for dispersing and surface distribution 61 of the pretreated water (EP) at the level of the module 6 of treatment by phytopurification 6. In addition, it can be expected that the transfer means 5 comprise at least one self-curing lifting pump 51 associated with a lifting column 52, which opens onto said dispersion and surface distribution means 61 which preferably ensure a substantially homogeneous distribution over the entire surface of the module 6. These means 61 can for example, in a non-limiting manner, consist of nozzles with extended angular spraying.
[0061 ] Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, la colonne de relevage 52 est configurée et dimensionnée pour permettre la création d’un effet Venturi lors du transfert de l’eau prétraitée EP vers le module de traitement par phytoépuration 6, de sorte à créer une oxygénation de l’eau prétraitée EP au sein de la colonne de relevage 52. Cette oxygénation crée des microbulles dans l’eau prétraitée EP et permet aussi d’homogénéiser son transfert et sa vitesse de distribution au sein de la colonne de relevage 52, de sorte à déverser cette eau selon une distribution et un écoulement homogène au travers des moyens de dispersion 61 . [0061] According to a particular embodiment, the lifting column 52 is configured and dimensioned to allow the creation of a Venturi effect during the transfer of the pretreated water EP to the phytopurification treatment module 6, so as to create oxygenation of the pretreated water EP within the lifting column 52. This oxygenation creates microbubbles in the pretreated water EP and also makes it possible to homogenize its transfer and its distribution speed within the lifting column 52, so as to discharge this water according to a distribution and a homogeneous flow through the dispersion means 61.
[0062] Selon un mode de réalisation particulier de l’invention, les moyens de dispersions 61 consistent en au moins un système d’épandage. Par exemple et tel que visible sur la figure 3, le système d’épandage consiste en un réseau de rampes d’épandage débouchant sur des buses de dispersion disposées de sorte à recouvrir avec l’eau prétraitée EP l’intégralité de la surface du module de traitement par phytoépuration 6, et ce de manière homogène. [0062] According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the dispersion means 61 consist of at least one spreading system. For example and as visible in Figure 3, the spreading system consists of a network of spreading booms opening onto dispersion nozzles arranged so as to cover the entire surface of the module with EP pretreated water. treatment by phytopurification 6, and this in a homogeneous manner.
[0063] Selon un exemple de réalisation de l’installation 1 compatible avec les dispositions précédentes, le module de traitement par phytoépuration 6, positionné sur la toiture 21 du bâtiment 2, comprend : [0063] According to an exemplary embodiment of the installation 1 compatible with the preceding provisions, the phytopurification treatment module 6, positioned on the roof 21 of the building 2, comprises:
- au moins un filtre planté 62 à écoulement combiné vertical + horizontal (ou aussi désigné par écoulement non saturé - saturé) l’alimentation en eau prétraitée EP de ce(s) filtre(s) étant par exemple réalisée par des moyens 61 de dispersion et de distribution surfacique (moyens 61 = buses d’aspersion réparties sur la surface du ou des filtres plantés 62 et alimentées par un réseau de conduits adapté-exemple figure 3), et - at least one planted filter 62 with combined vertical + horizontal flow (or also designated by unsaturated - saturated flow) the supply of pretreated water EP to this filter(s) being for example carried out by dispersion means 61 and surface distribution (means 61 = spray nozzles distributed over the surface of the planted filter(s) 62 and supplied by a network of suitable conduits - example Figure 3), and
- des moyens de surverse 63.
[0064] Le filtre planté 62 peut comporter un seul massif filtrant 622, ou éventuellement au moins deux massifs filtrants 622, par exemple arrangés et alimentés en parallèle, ou lors arrangés en série. - overflow means 63. The planted filter 62 may comprise a single filter unit 622, or possibly at least two filter units 622, for example arranged and supplied in parallel, or then arranged in series.
[0065] Le module de traitement par phytoépuration 6 positionné sur la toiture 21 permet d’améliorer l’esthétisme du paysage urbain local et de bénéficier d’un espace vert fonctionnel et accessible facilement par un opérateur, et éventuellement par les résidents, sans empiéter sur des espaces du bâtiment utiles à d’autres fins. [0065] The phytopurification treatment module 6 positioned on the roof 21 makes it possible to improve the aesthetics of the local urban landscape and to benefit from a functional green space easily accessible by an operator, and possibly by residents, without encroaching on spaces in the building useful for other purposes.
[0066] En outre, le module de traitement par phytoépuration 6 en toiture permet de récupérer et traiter, en plus des eaux prétraitées EP, également les eaux de pluies. La récupération des eaux de pluie va dans le sens d’une gestion positive et écoresponsable des eaux disponibles pour l’homme et contribue ainsi à préserver les ressources en eaux. [0066] In addition, the phytopurification treatment module 6 on the roof makes it possible to recover and treat, in addition to EP pretreated water, also rainwater. Rainwater harvesting is consistent with positive and eco-responsible management of water available to humans and thus contributes to preserving water resources.
[0067] Tel que visible sur la figure 3 ou la figure 4, le module de traitement 6 comprend au moins un filtre planté 62 à écoulement saturé-non saturé permettant une épuration biologique dans des milieux granulaires fins. Le principe de fonctionnement du filtre planté du module 6 réside en une gestion hydraulique (remplissage/vidange) du bassin le contenant, laquelle résulte en une alternance de phases de saturation (anaérobie) et de phases d’oxygénation (aérobie). As visible in Figure 3 or Figure 4, the treatment module 6 comprises at least one planted filter 62 with saturated-unsaturated flow allowing biological purification in fine granular media. The operating principle of the planted filter of module 6 lies in hydraulic management (filling/emptying) of the basin containing it, which results in an alternation of saturation phases (anaerobic) and oxygenation phases (aerobic).
[0068] Le filtre planté 62 comprend soit un unique massif 622 tel que représenté sur les figures 3 et 4, soit au moins deux massifs filtrants 622 positionnés en parallèle et alimentés en parallèle, le tout étant implantés dans un seul bassin compartimenté formant ainsi un module 6 unitaire, ou dans plusieurs bassins séparés, constituant ainsi un filtre planté à structure modulaire, adaptable aisément à des besoins variables. La filtration de l’eau prétraitée EP est réalisée au travers du ou des massifs filtrants 622. Le ou chaque massif filtrant 622 est préférentiellement constitué d’un média de filtration à base de granulats inertes (par exemple à base de charbon), de granulométries différentes, dans lesquels se développent de manière prépondérante ou exclusive des végétaux 623 hélophytes, tel que par exemple des roseaux. [0068] The planted filter 62 comprises either a single block 622 as shown in Figures 3 and 4, or at least two filter blocks 622 positioned in parallel and supplied in parallel, the whole being installed in a single compartmentalized basin thus forming a unitary module 6, or in several separate basins, thus constituting a planted filter with a modular structure, easily adaptable to varying needs. The filtration of the pretreated water EP is carried out through the filter mass(es) 622. The filter mass(es) 622 is preferably made up of a filtration media based on inert aggregates (for example based on coal), of particle sizes different, in which plants 623 helophytes develop predominantly or exclusively, such as for example reeds.
[0069] La nature et le choix du média de filtration formant le ou chaque massif filtrant 622, c’est-à-dire essentiellement des granulats inertes, ainsi que la nature des
végétaux 623, peuvent être définis par l’homme du métier en fonction de la quantité d’eau à traiter, des capacités de filtration souhaitées et de la qualité des eaux épurées EE souhaitées. [0069] The nature and choice of the filtration media forming the or each filter mass 622, that is to say essentially inert aggregates, as well as the nature of the plants 623, can be defined by those skilled in the art according to the quantity of water to be treated, the desired filtration capacities and the quality of the desired EE purified water.
[0070] Le principe de traitement de l’eau par phytoépuration repose sur le développement d’un réseau dense de rhizomes de végétaux hélophytes qui permet de fournir, au(x) massif(s) filtrant(s) 622, un support de croissance microbien participant au processus d’épuration des eaux. [0070] The principle of water treatment by phytopurification is based on the development of a dense network of rhizomes of helophytic plants which makes it possible to provide, to the filter bed(s) 622, a growth support microbial participating in the water purification process.
[0071 ] La présence des végétaux hélophyte 623 joue un rôle mécanique de décolmatage de la surface du massif filtrant et favorise la percolation de l’eau prétraitée EP en provenance des moyens de dispersion 61 dans le média de filtration de granulat inerte. L’eau prétraitée EP va être drainée le long des racines vers la base du massif filtrant 622 concerné, tandis que les matières solides en suspension seront retenues en surface, puis minéralisée en condition aérobie lors des phases de vidange du massif afin de servir de nutriment aux végétaux. [0071] The presence of helophyte plants 623 plays a mechanical role in unclogging the surface of the filter bed and promotes the percolation of pretreated water EP coming from the dispersion means 61 into the inert aggregate filtration media. The EP pretreated water will be drained along the roots towards the base of the filter bed 622 concerned, while the suspended solids will be retained on the surface, then mineralized in aerobic conditions during the emptying phases of the bed in order to serve as a nutrient. to plants.
[0072] En plus, d’une rétention physicochimique des polluants de l’eau prétraitée EP en surface du massif filtrant 622 concerné, l’épuration de l’eau est renforcée par l’activité microbiologique du rhizome des végétaux 623. [0072] In addition to a physicochemical retention of pollutants from EP pretreated water on the surface of the filter bed 622 concerned, the purification of the water is reinforced by the microbiological activity of the rhizome of the plants 623.
[0073] En effet, les microorganismes de la rhizosphère ont une action biologique d’épuration, ils : [0073] Indeed, the microorganisms of the rhizosphere have a biological purifying action, they:
- consomment ou au moins dégradent les matières organiques dissoutes dans l’eau prétraitées EP, et - consume or at least degrade organic matter dissolved in EP pretreated water, and
- participent à la dégradation des composés azotés, phosphates ou autres éléments en traces, tout comme le mécanisme de développement des végétaux, et le cas échéant même les métaux lourds peuvent être convertis en des formes moins toxiques. - participate in the degradation of nitrogen compounds, phosphates or other trace elements, just like the mechanism of plant development, and if necessary even heavy metals can be converted into less toxic forms.
[0074] Ainsi, la structure du module 6 de traitement par phytoépuration au travers du filtre planté 62 avec son ou ses massif(s) filtrant(s) 622 plantés de végétaux 623 permet de transformer les eaux prétraitées EP en eaux épurées EE. [0074] Thus, the structure of the phytopurification treatment module 6 through the planted filter 62 with its filter bed(s) 622 planted with plants 623 makes it possible to transform pretreated water EP into purified water EE.
[0075] Selon l’invention, afin de garantir l’obtention d’une eau épurée EE en sortie de module 6 de prétraitement par phytoépuration, on choisit un filtre planté 62 à écoulement saturé-non saturé qui est constitué soit d’un unique massif filtrant 622
planté de végétaux 623, soit d’au moins deux massifs filtrants 622 plantés de végétaux 623 séparés hydrauliquement, disposés en parallèle (formant deux sous- modules arrangés constructivement et fonctionnellement en parallèle et correspondant ensemble à un étage) et fonctionnant en alternance. Eventuellement au moins deux filtres plantés 62, formant deux étages du module 6 arrangés en série, peuvent être envisagé en fonction du traitement et du fonctionnement recherchés. [0075] According to the invention, in order to guarantee the obtaining of purified water EE at the outlet of pretreatment module 6 by phytopurification, a planted filter 62 with saturated-unsaturated flow is chosen which is made up either of a single filter block 622 planted with plants 623, or at least two filter beds 622 planted with plants 623 hydraulically separated, arranged in parallel (forming two sub-modules arranged constructively and functionally in parallel and together corresponding to a floor) and operating alternately. Possibly at least two planted filters 62, forming two stages of module 6 arranged in series, can be considered depending on the treatment and operation sought.
[0076] La mise en œuvre du filtre planté 62 à écoulement saturé-non saturé repose avantageusement sur une alimentation en bâchées (séquentiellement en alternance) et homogène en surface du massif filtrant 622, ou de l’un ou l’autre des deux massifs filtrants 622 arrangés en parallèle d’un même étage du filtre planté 62 (lequel peut éventuellement comprendre au moins deux étages de filtration en série). [0076] The implementation of the planted filter 62 with saturated-unsaturated flow advantageously relies on a supply of tarpaulins (sequentially alternating) and homogeneous on the surface of the filter mass 622, or of one or the other of the two masses filters 622 arranged in parallel with the same stage of the planted filter 62 (which may possibly include at least two filtration stages in series).
[0077] Ainsi, en cas de présence de deux massifs filtrants 62, les eaux prétraitées EP arrivent par les moyens de dispersion 61 en alternance sur l’un ou l’autre des massifs filtrants 622. En conséquence, avec un filtre planté à écoulement saturé- non saturé, l’un des massifs filtrants 622 sera en « phase de repos » sans déversement d’eau prétraitée EP, alors que l’autre sera en « phase d’alimentation » avec un déversement continu en eaux prétraitées EP. Pour un filtre planté 6 à un seul massif filtrant 622, ces deux phases se succèdent séquentiellement. [0077] Thus, in the case of the presence of two filter masses 62, the pretreated water EP arrives via the dispersion means 61 alternately on one or the other of the filter masses 622. Consequently, with a planted flow filter saturated-unsaturated, one of the filter masses 622 will be in the “rest phase” without discharge of EP pretreated water, while the other will be in the “supply phase” with a continuous discharge of EP pretreated water. For a planted filter 6 with a single filter bed 622, these two phases follow one another sequentially.
[0078] Dans le massif filtrant 622 en « phase d’alimentation », les eaux prétraitées EP percolent à travers le média filtrant de granulats et de rhizome pendant un temps de séjour prédéfini pour sortir sous la forme d’eau épurée EE. Simultanément et parallèlement, l’autre massif filtrant 622 est en « phase de repos », c’est-à-dire en vidange, sans alimentation en eaux prétraitées EP. [0078] In the filter bed 622 in the “feeding phase”, the pretreated water EP percolates through the filter media of aggregates and rhizome for a predefined residence time to exit in the form of purified water EE. Simultaneously and in parallel, the other filter unit 622 is in the “rest phase”, that is to say emptying, without a supply of EP pretreated water.
[0079] La « phase de repos » d’un massif filtrant 622 permet aux matières en suspension accumulées, lors d’une « phase d’alimentation » antérieure, de sécher et de se minéraliser. La phase de repos est nécessaire pour favoriser le processus de régénération de ses propriétés filtrantes en assurant le maintien des conditions de traitement aérobie du massif filtrant concerné.
[0080] Dans les cas d’un unique massif filtrant 622, les deux phases (alimentation et repos) se succèdent nécessairement séquentiellement. [0079] The “rest phase” of a filter mass 622 allows the suspended matter accumulated during a previous “feeding phase” to dry and mineralize. The rest phase is necessary to promote the process of regeneration of its filtering properties by ensuring that the aerobic treatment conditions of the filter bed concerned are maintained. [0080] In the case of a single filter unit 622, the two phases (power supply and rest) necessarily follow one another sequentially.
[0081 ] Dans le module de traitement par phytoépuration 6, les « phases de repos » et les « phases d’alimentation » avec un « temps de séjour » défini sont importantes à son bon fonctionnement, à sa fiabilité et à sa pérennité dans le temps, et aboutissent à une alternance de phases de saturation (anaérobie) et de phases d’oxygénation (aérobie). [0081] In the phytopurification treatment module 6, the “rest phases” and the “feeding phases” with a defined “residence time” are important to its proper functioning, its reliability and its durability in the time, and result in an alternation of saturation phases (anaerobic) and oxygenation phases (aerobic).
[0082] Au sens de l’invention, le « temps de séjour » correspond à la durée nécessaire pour traiter l’eau prétraitée EP et la transformer en eau épurée EE, c’est-à-dire la durée de mise en présence de l’eau prétraitée EP avec le massif filtrant 622 en fonction de son dimensionnement et du contenu du média filtrant (granulat+ rhizomes des végétaux). [0082] For the purposes of the invention, the “residence time” corresponds to the duration necessary to treat the pretreated water EP and transform it into purified water EE, that is to say the duration of exposure to EP pretreated water with the 622 filter mass depending on its size and the content of the filter media (granulate + plant rhizomes).
[0083] Bien entendu, et bien que la présente vise plus particulièrement un module 6 avec un unique filtre planté 62, plusieurs filtres plantées 62 peuvent être exploités en parallèle ou en série selon d’autres variantes de réalisation du module 6 de l’invention, non représentées. [0083] Of course, and although the present aims more particularly at a module 6 with a single planted filter 62, several planted filters 62 can be operated in parallel or in series according to other alternative embodiments of the module 6 of the invention , not shown.
[0084] Selon un premier mode de réalisation de l’invention représenté aux figures annexés, le module de traitement par phytoépuration (6) comprend un unique filtre planté (62) lequel comporte un unique massif filtrant (622) plantés de végétaux (623) et soumis à une alternance de phases de remplissage et de vidage partiel ou total. [0084] According to a first embodiment of the invention shown in the appended figures, the phytopurification treatment module (6) comprises a single planted filter (62) which comprises a single filter bed (622) planted with plants (623). and subjected to alternating phases of filling and partial or total emptying.
[0085] Selon un second mode de réalisation de l’invention, non spécifiquement représenté mais pouvant être aisément déduit des figures annexées, le module de traitement par phytoépuration (6) comprend au moins deux filtres plantés (62), soit arrangés en série et formant ainsi deux étages de filtration successifs du module (6), soit arrangés et alimentés en parallèle, les deux filtres plantés (62) étant alors soumis alternativement à des phases successives de remplissage et de vidage partiel ou total. [0085] According to a second embodiment of the invention, not specifically shown but which can easily be deduced from the appended figures, the phytopurification treatment module (6) comprises at least two planted filters (62), either arranged in series and thus forming two successive filtration stages of the module (6), either arranged and supplied in parallel, the two planted filters (62) then being subjected alternately to successive phases of filling and partial or total emptying.
[0086] Dans les deux modes précités, il peut être prévu, à titre de variante à la présence d’un unique massif filtrant, que le ou chaque filtre planté (62) du module de traitement par phytoépuration (6) comprenne au moins deux massifs filtrants (622) plantés de végétaux (623), qui sont positionnés en parallèle et alimentés en
parallèle, ces massifs filtrants (622) étant implantés dans un seul bassin compartimenté formant ainsi un filtre planté (62) à structure unitaire, ou dans plusieurs bassins séparés, constituant ainsi un filtre planté (62) à structure modulaire, les différents massifs filtrants étant avantageusement alimentés et vidangés en alternance entre eux. [0086] In the two aforementioned modes, it can be provided, as a variant to the presence of a single filter bed, that the or each planted filter (62) of the phytopurification treatment module (6) comprises at least two filter beds (622) planted with plants (623), which are positioned in parallel and supplied with parallel, these filter masses (622) being installed in a single compartmentalized basin thus forming a planted filter (62) with a unitary structure, or in several separate basins, thus constituting a planted filter (62) with a modular structure, the different filter masses being advantageously fed and drained alternately between them.
[0087] A titre d’exemple pratique de réalisation d’un module de traitement par phyto épuration 6, ressortant des figures 3 et 4, ce dernier peut comporter au moins un bassin de phytoépuration d’une hauteur totale ou profondeur d’environ 30 cm lequel renferme un filtre planté 62 qui constitue la filière de traitement biologique. Le fond du massif filtrant 622 dudit filtre est préférentiellement à pente nulle. [0087] As a practical example of producing a phytopurification treatment module 6, shown in Figures 3 and 4, the latter can include at least one phytopurification basin with a total height or depth of approximately 30 cm which contains a planted filter 62 which constitutes the biological treatment sector. The bottom of the filter block 622 of said filter is preferably with zero slope.
[0088] Le massif filtrant 622, formant aussi substrat de croissance des végétaux plantés 623, présente une hauteur ou profondeur d’environ 20 cm et intègre des granulats minéraux rapportés, inertes, de faible taille. L’alimentation du filtre planté 62 en eau grise prétraitée EP se fait par l’intermédiaire d’un système d’irrigation spécifique (moyen de dispersion 61 alimenté par le moyen de transfert 5 sur la globalité de la surface du filtre planté 62. La hauteur maximum de mise en charge est dans cet exemple de 20 cm (hauteur maximale du niveau d’eau dans le massif filtrant). Au-delà de cette hauteur, un système de surverse 63 permet d’évacuer vers le réseau d’eaux usées (réseau B) le surplus d’eau généré par une alimentation inhabituellement élevée ou des événements pluvieux intenses. [0088] The filter bed 622, also forming a growth substrate for the planted plants 623, has a height or depth of approximately 20 cm and incorporates added, inert, small mineral aggregates. The planted filter 62 is supplied with pretreated gray water EP via a specific irrigation system (dispersion means 61 supplied by the transfer means 5 over the entire surface of the planted filter 62. maximum loading height is in this example 20 cm (maximum height of the water level in the filter bed). Beyond this height, an overflow system 63 allows evacuation to the wastewater network (network B) excess water generated by unusually high supply or intense rainfall events.
[0089] Le massif filtrant 62 est végétalisé avec des végétaux 623 appartenant à des espèces rustiques de marais, dites macrophytes de types hélophytes, sélectionnées par exemple parmi les Iris, Carex, Joncs, Salicaires communes, Reines des prés. Ces espèces particulières, principalement émergées les pieds dans l'eau, acceptent des variations de hauteur d’eau régulières. [0089] The filter bed 62 is vegetated with plants 623 belonging to hardy marsh species, called macrophytes of the helophyte type, selected for example from Iris, Carex, Rushes, Common Loosestrife, Meadowsweets. These particular species, mainly emerging with their feet in the water, accept regular variations in water height.
[0090] Le massif filtrant 62 est alimenté par intermittence pour favoriser sa réoxygénation, le temps de séjour de l’eau dans le massif filtrant 62 est avantageusement au minimum de 4 heures. Le transfert par gravité de l’eau épurée EE en sortie du massif filtrant 62 vers la cuve de stockage 8 peut, par exemple, être contrôlé soit activement par l’ouverture intermittente d’une évacuation contrôlée 7, 71 , soit passivement par le biais d’un dispositif hydraulique du type dit « siphon-cloche ».
[0091 ] A titre d’exemple pratique, le massif filtrant 62 peut comporter des végétaux 623 fixés aérobies sur support fin, par exemple 20 cm de pouzzolane d’une granulométrie 3/6mm. L’écoulement est du type combiné, à savoir vertical (fraction haute du massif filtrant 62) et horizontal (fraction basse du massif filtrant 62). L’alimentation en eaux grises prétraitées EP est réalisées par bâchées successives contrôlées, la vidange étant quant à elle contrôlée par exemple au moyen d’une électrovanne 71 commandée ou programmée. Le fonctionnement alterné du filtre (notamment avec l’absence d’alimentation durant la nuit, associée à des phases de saturation et de vidange) conduit au contrôle du développement de la biomasse du filtre planté 62. The filter mass 62 is fed intermittently to promote its reoxygenation, the residence time of the water in the filter mass 62 is advantageously at least 4 hours. The transfer by gravity of the purified water EE leaving the filter mass 62 towards the storage tank 8 can, for example, be controlled either actively by the intermittent opening of a controlled evacuation 7, 71, or passively by means of of a hydraulic device of the so-called “bell siphon” type. [0091] As a practical example, the filter mass 62 can include plants 623 fixed aerobically on a fine support, for example 20 cm of pozzolan with a particle size of 3/6 mm. The flow is of the combined type, namely vertical (upper fraction of the filter bed 62) and horizontal (lower fraction of the filter bed 62). The supply of EP pretreated gray water is carried out by successive controlled tanks, the emptying being controlled for example by means of a controlled or programmed solenoid valve 71. The alternating operation of the filter (in particular with the absence of power during the night, associated with saturation and emptying phases) leads to the control of the development of the biomass of the planted filter 62.
[0092] Selon l’invention, les moyens de dispersions 61 du module de prétraitement par phytoépuration 6 réalisent l’épandage (aspersion surfacique étendue) des eaux prétraitées EP sur le massif filtrant 622 en « phase d’alimentation ». Avantageusement, et en plus de l’effet de l’alternance des bâchées, l’épandage participe aussi à l’oxygénation du média filtrant ce qui favorise la croissance des microorganismes de la rhizosphère et contribue à l’élimination des microorganismes pathogènes et des polluants de l’eau. [0092] According to the invention, the dispersion means 61 of the phytopurification pretreatment module 6 carry out the spreading (extended surface sprinkling) of the pretreated water EP on the filter bed 622 in the “feeding phase”. Advantageously, and in addition to the effect of alternating the sheets, the spreading also contributes to the oxygenation of the filter media which promotes the growth of microorganisms in the rhizosphere and contributes to the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms and pollutants. some water.
[0093] Selon l’invention, l’installation de traitement 1 comprend des moyens de gestion et de contrôle de l’alimentation et de l’épandage de l’eau prétraitée EP sur le ou les massifs filtrants 622 du module de traitement par phytoépuration 6. [0093] According to the invention, the treatment installation 1 comprises means for managing and controlling the supply and spreading of the pretreated water EP on the filter mass(es) 622 of the phytopurification treatment module 6.
[0094] Afin de pallier un épisode pluvieux et l’accumulation d’eau de pluie dans le ou les massifs filtrants 622, en plus des eaux prétraitées EP, le module de traitement par phytoépuration 6 comprend également un moyen de surverse 63, visible sur la figure 4 et représenté spécifiquement sur la figure 5. [0094] In order to compensate for a rainy episode and the accumulation of rainwater in the filter bed(s) 622, in addition to the pretreated water EP, the phytopurification treatment module 6 also includes an overflow means 63, visible on Figure 4 and shown specifically in Figure 5.
[0095] Ce moyen de surverse 63 permet une gestion passive de la quantité de volume d’eau présente au sein des massifs filtrants 622. Ainsi, en cas de pluie excessive susceptible d’entraver le processus d’épuration au sein du module de traitement par phytoépuration 6, notamment par une saturation des massifs filtrants 622, le moyen de surverse 63 permet soit de stocker l’excès d’eau jusqu’à la fin de l’épisode pluvieux, soit de l’évacuer vers le réseau d’assainissement externe B.
[0096] Selon un mode de réalisation particulier visible sur les figures 4 et 5, le moyen de surverse 63 se présente sous la forme d’une boite creuse étanche (ou goulotte) disposé dans le module 6 et formant barrage de rétention en sortie dudit module 6. Elle est équipée d’orifices situés à une ou des hauteurs prédéfinies et calibrés pour réguler l’évacuation et aussi empêcher la pénétration de résidus, notamment de type feuilles, substrat ou débris de racines, dans la boite. [0095] This overflow means 63 allows passive management of the quantity of water volume present within the filtering masses 622. Thus, in the event of excessive rain likely to hinder the purification process within the treatment module by phytopurification 6, in particular by saturation of the filtering masses 622, the overflow means 63 makes it possible either to store the excess water until the end of the rainy episode, or to evacuate it to the sanitation network external b. [0096] According to a particular embodiment visible in Figures 4 and 5, the overflow means 63 is in the form of a sealed hollow box (or chute) placed in the module 6 and forming a retention dam at the outlet of said module 6. It is equipped with orifices located at one or more predefined heights and calibrated to regulate the evacuation and also prevent the penetration of residues, in particular such as leaves, substrate or root debris, into the box.
[0097] Selon une autre caractéristique possible de l’invention, compatible avec les exemples et modes de réalisation précédents, les moyens de collecte et d’acheminement 7 des eaux épurées EE sont présents en sortie des au moins deux massifs filtrants 622, préférentiellement en sortie des moyens de surverse 63 recueillant les eaux ayant traversées lesdits massifs filtrants 622. Ces moyens de collecte et d’acheminement 7 comprennent avantageusement des moyens de gestion du temps de séjour 71 de l’eau prétraitée EP au sein du module de traitement par phytoépuration 6. [0097] According to another possible characteristic of the invention, compatible with the preceding examples and embodiments, the means 7 for collecting and conveying the purified water EE are present at the outlet of the at least two filtering masses 622, preferably in outlet of the overflow means 63 collecting the water having passed through said filtering masses 622. These collection and routing means 7 advantageously include means for managing the residence time 71 of the pretreated water EP within the phytopurification treatment module 6.
[0098] Par exemple, selon un mode de réalisation particulier visible sur la figure 4, les moyens de collecte et d’acheminement 7 comprennent des drains de collecte à fentes tournées vers le bas du module de traitement par phytoépuration 6, éventuellement connectés à des cheminées d’aération 72 et une électrovanne 71 commandée pour gérer le temps de séjour de l’eau prétraitée EP dans le massif filtrant 622. [0098] For example, according to a particular embodiment visible in Figure 4, the collection and conveying means 7 comprise collection drains with slots facing downwards of the phytopurification treatment module 6, possibly connected to ventilation chimneys 72 and a solenoid valve 71 controlled to manage the residence time of the pretreated water EP in the filter bed 622.
[0099] L’ouverture de l’électrovanne 71 permet de transférer les eaux épurées EE produites depuis le module de traitement par phytoépuration 6 vers le moyen de stockage 8 de type cuve. La fermeture de l’électrovanne 71 permet de conserver les eaux au sein du module de traitement par phytoépuration 6 au moins pendant le temps de séjour nécessaire à l’épuration de l’eau prétraitée EP via le massif filtrant 622. [0099] Opening the solenoid valve 71 makes it possible to transfer the purified water EE produced from the phytopurification treatment module 6 to the storage means 8 of the tank type. Closing the solenoid valve 71 makes it possible to conserve the water within the phytopurification treatment module 6 at least for the residence time necessary for the purification of the pretreated water EP via the filter bed 622.
[0100] Selon un mode privilégié de réalisation de l’invention, les moyens de gestion de temps de séjours 71 , par exemple de type électrovanne71 , sont associés à des moyens de filtration mécanique, par exemple de type filtre à tamis, de sorte à éviter le déversement dans le moyen de stockage 8 d’une eau épurée EE comprenant des composés solides provenant notamment du massif filtrant 622.
[0101 ] Tel que visible sur la figure 2, le moyen de stockage 8 comprend une cuve de stockage qui est arrangée en sortie du module de traitement par phytoépuration 6 et qui est équipée d’un moyen de désinfection microbiologique 9 permettant la transformation de l’eau épurée EE sortant du module 6 en eau traitée ET respectant les critères de la règlementation sanitaire en vigueur localement, compte tenu de l’usage envisagé. [0100] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the residence time management means 71, for example of the solenoid valve 71 type, are associated with mechanical filtration means, for example of the sieve filter type, so as to avoid the spilling into the storage means 8 of purified water EE comprising solid compounds coming in particular from the filter mass 622. [0101] As visible in Figure 2, the storage means 8 comprises a storage tank which is arranged at the outlet of the phytopurification treatment module 6 and which is equipped with a microbiological disinfection means 9 allowing the transformation of the EE purified water leaving module 6 as treated water AND respecting the criteria of the health regulations in force locally, taking into account the intended use.
[0102] Selon un exemple de réalisation du moyen de stockage 8, compatible avec les exemples susmentionnés, celui-ci comprend un moyen de gestion du volume et de régulation de l’alimentation en eau. [0102] According to an exemplary embodiment of the storage means 8, compatible with the above-mentioned examples, it comprises a means for managing the volume and regulating the water supply.
[0103] Par exemple, le moyen de gestion du volume et de régulation de l’alimentation de la quantité d’eau comprend un pressostat destiné à gérer l’alimentation du moyen de stockage 8 soit par une eau épurée EE par phytoépuration, soit par une eau C issue du réseau de ville. En effet, le moyen de stockage 8 doit comprendre un volume suffisant d’eau pour l’actionnement du moyen de désinfection microbiologique 9, et donc, en cas de volume insuffisant, le pressostat permet de supplémenter le moyen de stockage 8 par de l’eau C issue du réseau d’eau potable public, voire d’une autre source, naturelle ou non. [0103] For example, the means for managing the volume and regulating the supply of the quantity of water comprises a pressure switch intended to manage the supply of the storage means 8 either with purified water EE by phytopurification, or by C water from the city network. Indeed, the storage means 8 must include a sufficient volume of water for the actuation of the microbiological disinfection means 9, and therefore, in the event of insufficient volume, the pressure switch makes it possible to supplement the storage means 8 with water. water C from the public drinking water network, or even from another source, natural or not.
[0104] Selon une autre caractéristique avantageuse de l’invention, compatible avec les exemples susmentionnés visible sur la figure 2, le moyen de désinfection microbiologique 9 comprend un moyen 91 d’injection d’une solution de désinfection et un moyen 92 de contrôle du degré de désinfection 92 des eaux épurées EE. [0104] According to another advantageous characteristic of the invention, compatible with the above-mentioned examples visible in Figure 2, the microbiological disinfection means 9 comprises a means 91 for injecting a disinfection solution and a means 92 for controlling the degree of disinfection 92 of EE purified water.
[0105] Selon un mode de réalisation particulier visible sur la figure 2, le moyen d’injection 91 comprend un piston ou pompe d’injection d’une solution de désinfection qui consiste, par exemple, en du peroxyde d’hydrogène sous forme de solution d’eau oxygéné. L’oxygénation de l’eau épurée EE contenue dans le moyen de stockage 8 permet sa désinfection immédiate de sorte à obtenir une eau traitée ET de qualité microbiologique répondant aux normes de l’ARS, pour son usage dans les chasses d’eau du bâtiment 2 ou dans le réseau d’arrosage des espace verts. [0105] According to a particular embodiment visible in Figure 2, the injection means 91 comprises a piston or pump for injecting a disinfection solution which consists, for example, of hydrogen peroxide in the form of hydrogen peroxide solution. The oxygenation of the purified water EE contained in the storage means 8 allows its immediate disinfection so as to obtain treated water AND of microbiological quality meeting the standards of the ARS, for its use in flushing toilets in the building 2 or in the green space watering network.
[0106] Tel que visible sur la figure 2, selon une variante de réalisation particulière, compatible avec les exemples précédents, le moyen 92 de contrôle de la
désinfection des eaux épurées EE comprend un moyen de vérification continue de l’état de fonctionnement du moyen 91 d’injection d’une solution de désinfection. [0106] As visible in Figure 2, according to a particular variant of embodiment, compatible with the previous examples, the means 92 for controlling the disinfection of purified water EE comprises a means of continuous verification of the operating state of the means 91 for injecting a disinfection solution.
[0107] Par exemple, le moyen de vérification continue de l’état de fonctionnement du moyen d’injection 91 consiste en un module de contrôle du volume de solution de désinfection injectée dans le moyen de stockage 8, qui est équipé d’un dispositif de signalement en cas d’insuffisance de quantité de solution de désinfection dans le moyen de stockage 8. [0107] For example, the means of continuous verification of the operating state of the injection means 91 consists of a module for controlling the volume of disinfection solution injected into the storage means 8, which is equipped with a device reporting in the event of insufficient quantity of disinfection solution in the storage means 8.
[0108] Ainsi, le moyen de contrôle de la désinfection 91 permet de garantir un traitement de l’eau épurée EE adéquat pour obtenir une eau traitée ET de qualité microbiologique répondant aux normes en vigueur, pour sa revalorisation dans le circuit B1 d’alimentation de chasses d’eau ou d’arrosage des cultures par exemple. [0108] Thus, the disinfection control means 91 makes it possible to guarantee adequate treatment of the purified water EE to obtain treated water AND of microbiological quality meeting the standards in force, for its revaluation in the supply circuit B1 flushing toilets or watering crops for example.
[0109] Dans l’installation de traitement 1 de l’invention, la qualité microbiologique de l’eau traitée ET est garantie par le bon fonctionnement, de préférence en continu, du moyen de de désinfection microbiologique 9. L’injection permanente d’une solution de désinfection dans le moyen de stockage 8 permet de désinfecter et traiter l’eau épurée EE pour la transformer en eau traitée ET. En conséquence, la qualité microbiologique de l’eau traitée ET est assurée par le moyen de contrôle de la désinfection 92 qui contrôle et vérifie en permanence le bon fonctionnement adéquat des moyens d’injection 91 de sorte à ajuster en cas de manquement le volume de solution d’injection. [0109] In the treatment installation 1 of the invention, the microbiological quality of the treated water ET is guaranteed by the proper operation, preferably continuously, of the microbiological disinfection means 9. The permanent injection of a disinfection solution in the storage means 8 makes it possible to disinfect and treat the purified water EE to transform it into treated water ET. Consequently, the microbiological quality of the ET treated water is ensured by the disinfection control means 92 which permanently monitors and verifies the proper functioning of the injection means 91 so as to adjust, in the event of a failure, the volume of injection solution.
[01 10] Ainsi, selon l’invention, le moyen de désinfection microbiologique 9 est configuré pour assurer une qualité microbiologique des eaux traitées (ET) conforme aux critères de la règlementation sanitaire en vigueur compte tenu de l’usage envisagé. [01 10] Thus, according to the invention, the microbiological disinfection means 9 is configured to ensure a microbiological quality of the treated water (ET) conforming to the criteria of the health regulations in force taking into account the intended use.
[01 11 ] Selon une possible caractéristique optionnelle de l’installation de traitement 1 de l’invention, compatible avec les exemples susmentionnés, les moyens 10 de déversement et/ou de recirculation peuvent comprendre un moyen de vérification supplémentaire de la qualité microbiologique des eaux traitées ET. [01 11] According to a possible optional characteristic of the treatment installation 1 of the invention, compatible with the above-mentioned examples, the means 10 of discharge and/or recirculation may comprise a means of additional verification of the microbiological quality of the water processed AND.
[01 12] La présence d’un moyen de vérification supplémentaire de la qualité microbiologique de l’eau traitée ET en sortie du moyen de stockage 8 et circulant dans les moyens de distribution 10 est une garantie supplémentaire que l’eau traitée ET répond aux normes ou à la règlementation en vigueur sur le lieu de mise
en œuvre de l’invention. Il permet notamment de vérifier qu’une contamination microbiologique n’a pas eu lieu lors de la circulation dans les moyens de distribution 10. [01 12] The presence of an additional means of verification of the microbiological quality of the ET treated water leaving the storage means 8 and circulating in the distribution means 10 is an additional guarantee that the ET treated water meets the requirements. standards or regulations in force at the place of installation implementation of the invention. It makes it possible in particular to verify that microbiological contamination has not occurred during circulation in the distribution means 10.
[01 13] Par exemple, le moyen de vérification supplémentaire de la qualité microbiologique de l’eau traitée ET consiste en au moins un moyen de prélèvement d’échantillons d’eau, présent sur les moyens de distribution 10. Le prélèvement d’échantillons permet l’analyse microbiologique de l’eau traitée pour vérifier qu’elle répond bien aux normes. De manière avantageuse, le moyen de prélèvement est positionné en amont d’une vanne multivoie connectée à la fois au réseau d’assainissement externe B et au circuit B1 d’alimentation des chasses d’eau ou des dispositifs d’arrosage du bâtiment 2, de sorte à pouvoir diriger l’eau en fonction du résultat d’échantillon sélectivement vers le réseau adéquat, avec bien entendu une préférence pour le circuit B1 si les conditions normatives sont respectées. [01 13] For example, the means of additional verification of the microbiological quality of the treated water ET consists of at least one means of taking water samples, present on the distribution means 10. Taking samples allows microbiological analysis of treated water to verify that it meets standards. Advantageously, the sampling means is positioned upstream of a multi-way valve connected both to the external sanitation network B and to the circuit B1 supplying the toilet flushes or watering devices of the building 2, so as to be able to direct the water according to the sample result selectively towards the appropriate network, with of course a preference for circuit B1 if the normative conditions are respected.
[01 14] Si après vérification par prélèvement d’un échantillon d’eau, la qualité de l’eau répond aux normes microbiologiques en vigueur, l’eau est dirigée vers le circuit B1 d’alimentation des chasses d’eau ou des dispositifs d’arrosage du bâtiment 2 par une vanne multivoie. [01 14] If after verification by taking a water sample, the quality of the water meets the microbiological standards in force, the water is directed to circuit B1 for supplying the toilet flushes or devices watering of building 2 by a multi-way valve.
[01 15] Au contraire, si après vérification, la qualité de l’eau ne répond pas aux normes microbiologiques en vigueur, par exemple à la suite d’une contamination ayant eu lieu dans les moyens de distribution 10, l’eau est dirigée vers le réseau d’assainissement externe B par la vanne multivoie. [01 15] On the contrary, if after verification, the quality of the water does not meet the microbiological standards in force, for example following contamination having taken place in the distribution means 10, the water is directed towards the external sanitation network B via the multi-way valve.
[01 16] Selon un autre exemple de possible développement de l’installation de traitement 1 , compatible avec les exemples précédents, les moyens 10 de déversement et/ou de recirculation comprennent un réseau de canalisations configuré pour diriger les eaux traitées ET vers le(s) circuit(s) d’alimentation B1 des chasses d’eau de toilettes du bâtiment 2 et/ou d’au moins un dispositif d’arrosage de plantes et/ou d’espaces verts situé(e)s dans ou autour dudit bâtiment 2, et/ou vers le réseau B d’assainissement ou d’évacuation des eaux usées externe. [01 16] According to another example of possible development of the treatment installation 1, compatible with the previous examples, the means 10 of discharge and/or recirculation comprise a network of pipes configured to direct the treated water AND towards the ( s) supply circuit(s) B1 for toilet flushes in building 2 and/or at least one device for watering plants and/or green spaces located in or around said building 2, and/or towards the external sanitation or wastewater evacuation network B.
[01 17] Selon une autre caractéristique additionnelle possible de l’invention, les moyens 10 de déversement et/ou de recirculation comprennent, en outre, au moins
en amont du circuit B1 d’alimentation de chasses d’eau et/ou de dispositifs d’arrosage locaux, des moyens supplémentaires de filtration mécanique 101. [01 17] According to another possible additional characteristic of the invention, the means 10 for spilling and/or recirculation further comprise at least upstream of circuit B1 for supplying toilet flushes and/or local watering devices, additional means of mechanical filtration 101.
[01 18] Selon une réalisation particulière de l’installation de traitement 1 , et en particulier pour garantir la sécurité des personnes, les moyens supplémentaires de filtration mécanique 101 se présentent par exemple sous la forme de filtre à tamis (par exemple filtration à 150 microns) et/ou d’un filtre à zéolithe (par exemple filtration à 50 microns), visible sur la figure 2. [01 18] According to a particular embodiment of the treatment installation 1, and in particular to guarantee the safety of people, the additional means of mechanical filtration 101 are for example in the form of a sieve filter (for example filtration at 150 microns) and/or a zeolite filter (for example filtration at 50 microns), visible in Figure 2.
[01 19] En accord avec l’invention, pour un usage dans le circuit d’alimentation B1 des chasses d’eaux, il est nécessaire de mettre en place les moyens supplémentaires de filtration mécanique 101 afin de respecter les normes de qualité de l’eau en vigueur. [01 19] In accordance with the invention, for use in the supply circuit B1 of toilet flushes, it is necessary to put in place additional means of mechanical filtration 101 in order to respect the quality standards of the water in force.
[0120] De préférence, les moyens supplémentaires de filtration mécanique 101 sont présents au moins en amont dudit circuit d’alimentation B1 des chasses d’eau des toilettes du bâtiment 2 ou des dispositifs d’arrosage des espaces verts, de sorte à garantir par un moyen supplémentaire la qualité de l’eau traitée ET destinée à cet usage. [0120] Preferably, the additional mechanical filtration means 101 are present at least upstream of said supply circuit B1 for flushing toilets in building 2 or for watering devices in green spaces, so as to guarantee by an additional means the quality of the water treated AND intended for this use.
[0121 ] Ces moyens supplémentaires de filtration mécanique 101 permettent donc de filtrer une dernière fois les eaux traitées ET, en assurant la sûreté de l’opération d’épuration et de désinfection de l’eau, afin de sécuriser leur usage en garantissant leur qualité microbiologique, avant leur transfert vers le circuit d’alimentation B1 . [0121] These additional means of mechanical filtration 101 therefore make it possible to filter the treated water ET one last time, ensuring the safety of the water purification and disinfection operation, in order to secure their use by guaranteeing their quality. microbiological, before their transfer to the supply circuit B1.
[0122] Selon une autre évolution avantageuse possible de l’installation de traitement 1 , le module de pré-traitement 4, dont fait préférentiellement partie le ou un moyen de stockage 42 des eaux usées EM, et/ou le moyen de stockage 8 des eaux épurées (EE), compren(d)(nent) au moins un système d’évacuation du trop-plein. [0122] According to another possible advantageous development of the treatment installation 1, the pre-treatment module 4, of which the or a storage means 42 of the waste water EM preferably forms part, and/or the storage means 8 of the purified water (EE), includes at least one overflow evacuation system.
[0123] Le système d’évacuation du trop-plein permet d’évacuer l’excédent d’eaux vers le réseau d’assainissement B de sorte à éviter une saturation ou un débordement des moyens de stockage 42 ou 8 et un dysfonctionnement de l’installation de traitement 1 . [0123] The overflow evacuation system makes it possible to evacuate excess water to the sanitation network B so as to avoid saturation or overflow of the storage means 42 or 8 and a malfunction of the treatment facility 1.
[0124] L’installation de traitement 1 permet donc de transformer les eaux usées EM d’un bâtiment en eau traitée ET de qualité microbiologique suffisante pour son usage dans un circuit B1 d’alimentation par recirculation, d’équipements locaux,
tels que des chasses d’eau des toilettes du bâtiment 2 concerné ou des dispositifs d’arrosage des espaces verts, en dénaturant au minimum l’environnement extérieur au bâtiment, en privilégiant des moyens écoresponsables qui participent à la dépollution de l’atmosphère en milieu urbain. [0124] The treatment installation 1 therefore makes it possible to transform EM wastewater from a building into treated water AND of sufficient microbiological quality for its use in a circuit B1 for supply by recirculation, local equipment, such as flushing the toilets of building 2 concerned or watering devices for green spaces, by minimally distorting the environment outside the building, by favoring eco-responsible means which contribute to the depollution of the atmosphere in the environment urban.
[0125] L’invention a également pour objet, comme le montre schématiquement la figure 1 , un bâtiment 2, notamment un immeuble tertiaire ou résidentiel, de restauration ou d’habitation collective, caractérisé en ce qu’il comprend une installation 1 de traitement des eaux usées EM, en particulier ou exclusivement du type eaux usées ménagères, produites par ses occupants, telle que décrite ci- dessus. [0125] The subject of the invention is also, as shown schematically in Figure 1, a building 2, in particular a tertiary or residential building, catering or collective housing, characterized in that it comprises a treatment installation 1 EM wastewater, in particular or exclusively of the household wastewater type, produced by its occupants, as described above.
[0126] Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation décrits et représentés aux dessins annexés. Des modifications restent possibles, notamment du point de vue de la constitution des divers éléments ou par substitution d'équivalents techniques, sans sortir pour autant du domaine de protection de l'invention.
[0126] Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described and shown in the accompanying drawings. Modifications remain possible, particularly from the point of view of the constitution of the various elements or by substitution of technical equivalents, without departing from the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims
[Revendication 1 ] Installation de traitement (1 ) des eaux usées (EM) d’un bâtiment (2), caractérisée en ce qu’elle comprend : [Claim 1] Treatment installation (1) for wastewater (EM) from a building (2), characterized in that it comprises:
- des moyens (3) de collecte des eaux usées (EM), - means (3) of collecting waste water (EM),
- un module de pré-traitement (4) configuré pour transformer lesdites eaux usées (EM) en eaux prétraitées (EP), - a pre-treatment module (4) configured to transform said waste water (EM) into pre-treated water (EP),
- un module de traitement par phytoépuration (6), positionné au niveau de la toiture (21 ) du bâtiment (2) et configuré pour transformer les eaux prétraitées (EP) en eaux épurées (EE), - a phytopurification treatment module (6), positioned at the roof level (21) of the building (2) and configured to transform pretreated water (EP) into purified water (EE),
- un moyen de stockage (8) desdites eaux épurées (EE), avantageusement équipé d’un moyen de désinfection microbiologique (9) configuré pour transformer les eaux épurées (EE) en eaux traitées (ET), et - a storage means (8) of said purified water (EE), advantageously equipped with a microbiological disinfection means (9) configured to transform the purified water (EE) into treated water (ET), and
- des moyens (10) de recirculation des eaux épurées (EE), ou le cas échéant des eaux traitées (ET), dans au moins un circuit (B1 ) intérieur ou local pour une réutilisation desdites eaux épurées (EE) ou traitées (ET) à l’intérieur ou aux alentours dudit bâtiment (2), et/ou de déversement desdites eaux épurées (EE) ou traitées (ET), par défaut ou par excès, dans un réseau externe (B) d’assainissement ou d’évacuation des eaux usées, le module de traitement (6) comprenant au moins un filtre planté (62) à écoulement saturé-non saturé. - means (10) for recirculating purified water (EE), or where appropriate treated water (ET), in at least one circuit (B1) interior or local for reuse of said purified water (EE) or treated water (ET ) inside or around said building (2), and/or discharge of said purified (EE) or treated (ET) water, by default or in excess, into an external network (B) of sanitation or evacuation of wastewater, the treatment module (6) comprising at least one planted filter (62) with saturated-unsaturated flow.
[Revendication 2] Installation de traitement (1 ), selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce qu’elle comprend plus précisément : [Claim 2] Treatment installation (1), according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises more precisely:
- des moyens - means
(3) de collecte des eaux usées (EM), en particulier au moins les eaux usées ménagères (EM), préférentiellement par effet gravitaire, configurés pour alimenter le module de pré-traitement (4), (3) collecting wastewater (EM), in particular at least household wastewater (EM), preferably by gravity effect, configured to supply the pre-treatment module (4),
- des moyens (5) de transfert des eaux prétraitées (EP) vers le module de traitement par phytoépuration (6), ces moyens de transfert (5) comprenant avantageusement au moins une pompe de relevage auto curable (51 ) associée à une colonne de relevage (52), - means (5) for transferring pretreated water (EP) to the phytopurification treatment module (6), these transfer means (5) advantageously comprising at least one self-curing lifting pump (51) associated with a column of lifting (52),
- des moyens (7) de collecte des eaux épurées (EE) et d’acheminement de celles-ci vers le moyen de stockage (8) équipé du moyen de désinfection microbiologique (9) transformant les eaux épurées (EE) en eaux traitées (ET),
- des moyens (10) de recirculation desdites eaux traitées (ET) dans au moins un circuit (B1 ) d’alimentation de chasses d’eau de toilettes du bâtiment (2) et/ou d’au moins un dispositif d’arrosage ou d’irrigation de cultures, par exemple de plantes, de jardinières et/ou d’espaces verts cultivés ou d’agrémentation, situé(e)s dans ou autour dudit bâtiment (2), et/ou de déversement des eaux traitées (ET) dans le réseau externe (B) d’assainissement ou d’évacuation des eaux usées. - means (7) for collecting the purified water (EE) and conveying it to the storage means (8) equipped with the microbiological disinfection means (9) transforming the purified water (EE) into treated water ( AND), - means (10) for recirculating said treated water (ET) in at least one circuit (B1) for supplying toilet flushes of the building (2) and/or at least one watering device or irrigation of crops, for example plants, planters and/or cultivated or ornamental green spaces, located in or around said building (2), and/or discharge of treated water (AND ) in the external network (B) of sanitation or wastewater evacuation.
[Revendication s] Installation de traitement (1 ) selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que la colonne de relevage (52) est configurée et dimensionnée de manière à créer un effet Venturi lors du transfert des eaux prétraitées (EP) vers le module de traitement par phytoépuration (6), de sorte à créer une oxygénation de l’eau prétraitée (EP) au sein de ladite colonne de relevage (52). [Claims] Treatment installation (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the lifting column (52) is configured and dimensioned so as to create a Venturi effect during the transfer of pretreated water (EP) to the module of treatment by phytopurification (6), so as to create oxygenation of the pretreated water (EP) within said lifting column (52).
[Revendication 4] Installation de traitement (1 ) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que le module de pré-traitement (4), positionné au sein de la partie basse ou de la cave du bâtiment (2), par exemple dans un local technique (T) en sous-sol ensemble avec la cuve de stockage (8) et éventuellement une partie au moins de leurs équipements accessoires, comprend : [Claim 4] Treatment installation (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the pre-treatment module (4), positioned within the lower part or the cellar of the building (2 ), for example in a technical room (T) in the basement together with the storage tank (8) and possibly at least part of their accessory equipment, includes:
- au moins un moyen de séparation (41 ) configuré pour séparer les eaux usées (EM) des déchets solides, notamment alimentaires ou organiques, et, - at least one separation means (41) configured to separate wastewater (EM) from solid waste, in particular food or organic waste, and,
- au moins un moyen de stockage (42) des eaux usées (EM), éventuellement muni d’un moyen de filtration mécanique (43), dont l’évacuation est dirigée préférentiellement gravitairement vers les moyens de transfert - at least one storage means (42) of waste water (EM), possibly provided with a mechanical filtration means (43), the evacuation of which is preferably directed by gravity towards the transfer means
(5). (5).
[Revendication s] Installation de traitement (1 ), selon la revendication précédente, caractérisée en ce que le moyen de séparation (41 ) comprend au moins un filtre séparateur auto curable, par exemple du type tourbillonnaire. [Claim s] Treatment installation (1), according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the separation means (41) comprises at least one self-curing separator filter, for example of the swirl type.
[Revendication s] Installation de traitement (1 ) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce qu’elle comprend, au niveau du module de traitement par phytoépuration [Claims] Treatment installation (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises, at the level of the phytopurification treatment module
(6), des moyens de dispersion et de distribution surfacique (61 ) de l’eau prétraitée (EP). (6), means of dispersion and surface distribution (61) of the pretreated water (EP).
[Revendication 7] Installation de traitement (1 ) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que l’alimentation du ou de(s) filtre(s)
planté(s) (62), à écoulement combiné [vertical+horizontal], est réalisée par des moyens (61 ) de dispersion et de distribution surfacique, le module de traitement (6) comprenant également des moyens de surverse (63). [Claim 7] Treatment installation (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the supply of the filter(s) planted (62), with combined flow [vertical + horizontal], is carried out by means (61) of dispersion and surface distribution, the treatment module (6) also comprising overflow means (63).
[Revendication s] Installation de traitement (1 ) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce que les moyens (5) de transfert des eaux prétraitées (EP) vers le module de traitement par phytoépuration (6) sont configurés et commandés pour réaliser une alimentation par bâchées du ou des filtres plantés (62) et en ce que les moyens (7) de collecte des eaux épurées (EE) et d’acheminement de celles-ci vers le moyen de stockage [Claims] Treatment installation (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the means (5) for transferring pretreated water (EP) to the phytopurification treatment module (6) are configured and controlled to provide a supply through tarpaulins to the planted filter(s) (62) and in that the means (7) for collecting the purified water (EE) and conveying it to the storage means
(8) sont configurés et commandés pour réaliser, de manière contrôlée ou à intervalle régulier correspondant à une durée de séjour préprogrammée, une vidange partielle ou totale des eaux épurées (EE) du ou des filtres plantés (62), aboutissant à une alternance de phases de remplissage et de vidage du module de traitement par phytoépuration (6). (8) are configured and controlled to carry out, in a controlled manner or at regular intervals corresponding to a pre-programmed residence time, a partial or total emptying of the purified water (EE) from the installed filter(s) (62), resulting in an alternation of filling and emptying phases of the phytopurification treatment module (6).
[Revendication 9] Installation de traitement (1 ) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisée en ce que le module de traitement par phytoépuration (6) comprend un unique filtre planté (62) lequel comporte un unique massif filtrant (622) plantés de végétaux (623) et soumis à une alternance de phases de remplissage et de vidage partiel ou total. [Claim 9] Treatment installation (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the phytopurification treatment module (6) comprises a single planted filter (62) which comprises a single filter mass (622 ) planted with plants (623) and subjected to alternating phases of filling and partial or total emptying.
[Revendication 10] Installation de traitement (1 ) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisée en ce que le module de traitement par phytoépuration (6) comprend au moins deux filtres plantés (62), soit arrangés en série et formant ainsi deux étages de filtration successifs du module (6), soit arrangés et alimentés en parallèle, les deux filtres plantés (62) étant alors soumis alternativement à des phases successives de remplissage et de vidage partiel ou total. [Claim 10] Treatment installation (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the phytopurification treatment module (6) comprises at least two planted filters (62), either arranged in series and forming thus two successive filtration stages of the module (6), either arranged and supplied in parallel, the two planted filters (62) then being subjected alternately to successive phases of filling and partial or total emptying.
[Revendication 1 1] Installation de traitement (1 ) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisée en ce que le ou chaque filtre planté (62) du module de traitement par phytoépuration (6) comprend au moins deux massifs filtrants (622) plantés de végétaux (623), qui sont positionnés en parallèle et alimentés en parallèle, ces massifs filtrants (622) étant implantés dans un seul bassin compartimenté formant ainsi un filtre planté (62) à structure unitaire, ou dans plusieurs bassins séparés, constituant ainsi un filtre planté (62) à structure
modulaire, les différents massifs filtrants étant avantageusement alimentés et vidangés en alternance entre eux. [Claim 1 1] Treatment installation (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the or each planted filter (62) of the phytopurification treatment module (6) comprises at least two filter masses ( 622) planted with plants (623), which are positioned in parallel and supplied in parallel, these filter masses (622) being installed in a single compartmentalized basin thus forming a planted filter (62) with a unitary structure, or in several separate basins, thus constituting a planted filter (62) with a structure modular, the different filter masses being advantageously supplied and drained alternately between them.
[Revendication 12] Installation de traitement (1 ) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11 , caractérisée en ce que le ou chaque massif filtrant (622) comprend un substrat de croissance des végétaux (623) du type granulats minéraux inertes, de faible taille, par exemple une couche de 20 cm de pouzzolane ou de charbon de bois d’une granulométrie 3/6mm, et est végétalisé avec des végétaux (623) appartenant à des espèces rustiques de marais, dites macrophytes de types hélophytes, sélectionnées par exemple parmi les Iris, Carex, Joncs, Salicaires communes, Reines des prés. [Claim 12] Treatment installation (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the or each filter bed (622) comprises a plant growth substrate (623) of the inert mineral aggregate type, of small size, for example a 20 cm layer of pozzolan or charcoal with a grain size of 3/6 mm, and is vegetated with plants (623) belonging to rustic marsh species, called macrophytes of the helophyte type, selected by example among Iris, Carex, Rushes, Common Loosestrife, Meadowsweets.
[Revendication 13] Installation de traitement (1 ), selon l’une au moins des revendications 2 à 12, caractérisée en ce que les moyens de collecte et d’acheminement (7) des eaux épurées (EE) présents en sortie du ou des au moins deux massif(s) filtrant(s) (622 comprennent des moyens de gestion du temps de séjour (71 ) de l’eau prétraitée (EP) au sein du ou des filtres plantés (62) du module de traitement par phytoépuration (6). [Claim 13] Treatment installation (1), according to at least one of claims 2 to 12, characterized in that the means for collecting and conveying (7) the purified water (EE) present at the outlet of the one or more at least two filter masses (622) include means for managing the residence time (71) of the pretreated water (EP) within the planted filter(s) (62) of the phytopurification treatment module ( 6).
[Revendication 14] Installation de traitement (1 ), selon l’une quelconque des revendication 1 à 13, caractérisée en ce que le moyen de stockage (8) comprend un moyen de gestion du volume et de régulation de l’alimentation en eau. [Claim 14] Treatment installation (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the storage means (8) comprises means for managing the volume and regulating the water supply.
[Revendication 15] Installation de traitement (1 ), selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 14, caractérisée en ce que le moyen de désinfection microbiologique (9) comprend un moyen (91 ) d’injection d’une solution de désinfection et un moyen (92) de contrôle du degré de désinfection (92) des eaux épurées (EE). [Claim 15] Treatment installation (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the microbiological disinfection means (9) comprises means (91) for injecting a disinfection solution and a means (92) for controlling the degree of disinfection (92) of the purified water (EE).
[Revendication 16] Installation de traitement (1 ), selon la revendication précédente, caractérisée en ce que le moyen (92) de contrôle de la désinfection des eaux épurées (EE) comprend un moyen de vérification continu de l’état de fonctionnement du moyen (91 ) d’injection d’une solution de désinfection. [Claim 16] Treatment installation (1), according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the means (92) for controlling the disinfection of purified water (EE) comprises means for continuous verification of the operating state of the means (91) injection of a disinfection solution.
[Revendication 17] Installation de traitement (1 ), selon l’une quelconques des revendications 1 à 16, caractérisée en ce que le moyen de désinfection microbiologique (9) est configuré pour assurer une qualité microbiologique des
eaux traitées (ET) conforme aux critères de la règlementation sanitaire en vigueur compte tenu de l’usage envisagé. [Claim 17] Treatment installation (1), according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the microbiological disinfection means (9) is configured to ensure microbiological quality of the treated water (ET) complies with the criteria of the health regulations in force taking into account the intended use.
[Revendication 18] Installation de traitement (1 ), selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 17, caractérisée en ce que les moyens (10) de déversement et/ou de recirculation comprennent un moyen de vérification supplémentaire de la qualité microbiologique des eaux traitées (ET). [Claim 18] Treatment installation (1), according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the means (10) for discharge and/or recirculation comprise means for additional verification of the microbiological quality of the water processed (AND).
[Revendication 19] Installation de traitement (1 ), selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 18, caractérisée en ce que les moyens (10) de déversement et/ou de recirculation comprennent un réseau de canalisations configuré pour diriger les eaux traitées (ET) vers le(s) circuit(s)d’alimentation (B1 ) des chasses d’eau de toilettes du bâtiment (2) et/ou d’au moins un dispositif d’arrosage de plantes et/ou d’espaces verts situé(e)s dans ou autour dudit bâtiment (2) et/ou vers le réseau (B) d’assainissement ou d’évacuation des eaux usées externe. [Claim 19] Treatment installation (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the means (10) for discharge and/or recirculation comprise a network of pipes configured to direct the treated water ( AND) towards the supply circuit(s) (B1) of the toilet flushes of the building (2) and/or at least one device for watering plants and/or green spaces located in or around said building (2) and/or towards the external sanitation or wastewater evacuation network (B).
[Revendication 20] Installation de traitement (1 ), selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 19, caractérisée en ce que les moyens (10) de déversement et/ou de recirculation comprennent, en outre, en amont dudit au moins un circuit (B1 ) d’alimentation de chasses d’eau et/ou de dispositifs d’arrosage locaux, des moyens supplémentaires de filtration mécanique (101 ) sous la forme d’un filtre à tamis et/ou d’un filtre à zéolithe. [Claim 20] Treatment installation (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the means (10) for spilling and/or recirculation further comprise, upstream of said at least one circuit (B1) for supplying toilet flushes and/or local watering devices, additional means of mechanical filtration (101) in the form of a sieve filter and/or a zeolite filter.
[Revendication 21] Installation de traitement (1 ) selon l’une quelconque des revendication 1 à 20, caractérisée en ce que le module de pré-traitement (4), dont fait préférentiellement partie un moyen de stockage (42) des eaux usées (EM), et/ou le moyen de stockage (8) des eaux épurées (EP), compren(d)(nent) au moins un système d’évacuation du trop-plein débouchant dans le réseau d’assainissement (B). [Claim 21] Treatment installation (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the pre-treatment module (4), of which a storage means (42) of waste water (42) is preferably part EM), and/or the means of storage (8) of the purified water (EP), comprise at least one overflow evacuation system opening into the sanitation network (B).
[Revendication 22] Installation de traitement (1 ) selon l’une quelconque des revendication 1 à 21 , caractérisée en ce que seul le module de traitement par phytoépuration (6) est installée sur la toiture (21 ) du bâtiment (2), le module de prétraitement (4) avec sa cuve (42) de stockage tampon des eaux usées (EM) et la cuve de stockage (8) des eaux épurées (EP), et éventuellement d’autres éléments constitutifs de l’installation (1 ), étant disposés dans un local technique ou analogue (T) dans le sous-sol dudit bâtiment (2).
[Revendication 23] Bâtiment (2), notamment immeuble tertiaire ou résidentiel, de restauration ou d’habitation collective, caractérisé en ce qu’il comprend une installation (1 ) de traitement des eaux usées (EM), en particulier ou exclusivement du type eaux usées ménagères, produites par ses occupants, selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 22.
[Claim 22] Treatment installation (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that only the phytopurification treatment module (6) is installed on the roof (21) of the building (2), the pretreatment module (4) with its tank (42) for buffer storage of waste water (EM) and the storage tank (8) for purified water (EP), and possibly other elements constituting the installation (1) , being arranged in a technical room or the like (T) in the basement of said building (2). [Claim 23] Building (2), in particular tertiary or residential, catering or collective housing building, characterized in that it comprises an installation (1) for treating wastewater (EM), in particular or exclusively of the type household wastewater, produced by its occupants, according to any one of claims 1 to 22.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2209671A FR3140081A1 (en) | 2022-09-23 | 2022-09-23 | Wastewater treatment installation and building containing such an installation |
| FRFR2209671 | 2022-09-23 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024062095A1 true WO2024062095A1 (en) | 2024-03-28 |
Family
ID=84331241
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2023/076213 WO2024062095A1 (en) | 2022-09-23 | 2023-09-22 | Facility for treating wastewater and building comprising such a facility |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR3140081A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2024062095A1 (en) |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CZ306199A3 (en) | 1998-02-27 | 2000-02-16 | Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Chimeric gene |
| US6277274B1 (en) | 1999-04-16 | 2001-08-21 | Larry Steven Coffman | Method and apparatus for treating stormwater runoff |
| US20090001002A1 (en) | 2004-05-07 | 2009-01-01 | Hartmut Bauer | Wastewater Purification Plant By Means of Plants |
| US7754079B2 (en) | 2004-05-07 | 2010-07-13 | Deere & Company | Plant-based sewage treatment system for purifying wastewater |
| FR2942791A1 (en) | 2009-03-09 | 2010-09-10 | Voisin J | Device for cleaning wastewater, comprises a purification tank for receiving wastewater, a ventilation unit disposed in bottom of the tank and covered by a lower layer, and a plantation including aquatic plants such as reeds |
| CZ306199B6 (en) * | 2015-01-26 | 2016-09-21 | Liko-S, A. S. | Thermal stabilization method of buildings provided from outside with green vegetation and apparatus for making the same |
| WO2021018629A1 (en) | 2019-08-01 | 2021-02-04 | Aquatiris | Waste water treatment plant |
| FR3105208A1 (en) | 2019-12-24 | 2021-06-25 | Ecole Nationale Des Ponts Et Chaussees | Gray water treatment system for a home or apartment building |
-
2022
- 2022-09-23 FR FR2209671A patent/FR3140081A1/en active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-09-22 WO PCT/EP2023/076213 patent/WO2024062095A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CZ306199A3 (en) | 1998-02-27 | 2000-02-16 | Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Chimeric gene |
| US6277274B1 (en) | 1999-04-16 | 2001-08-21 | Larry Steven Coffman | Method and apparatus for treating stormwater runoff |
| US20090001002A1 (en) | 2004-05-07 | 2009-01-01 | Hartmut Bauer | Wastewater Purification Plant By Means of Plants |
| US7754079B2 (en) | 2004-05-07 | 2010-07-13 | Deere & Company | Plant-based sewage treatment system for purifying wastewater |
| FR2942791A1 (en) | 2009-03-09 | 2010-09-10 | Voisin J | Device for cleaning wastewater, comprises a purification tank for receiving wastewater, a ventilation unit disposed in bottom of the tank and covered by a lower layer, and a plantation including aquatic plants such as reeds |
| CZ306199B6 (en) * | 2015-01-26 | 2016-09-21 | Liko-S, A. S. | Thermal stabilization method of buildings provided from outside with green vegetation and apparatus for making the same |
| WO2021018629A1 (en) | 2019-08-01 | 2021-02-04 | Aquatiris | Waste water treatment plant |
| FR3105208A1 (en) | 2019-12-24 | 2021-06-25 | Ecole Nationale Des Ponts Et Chaussees | Gray water treatment system for a home or apartment building |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3140081A1 (en) | 2024-03-29 |
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