WO2024057503A1

WO2024057503A1 - Heat transfer member and radiation panel

Info

Publication number: WO2024057503A1
Application number: PCT/JP2022/034625
Authority: WO
Inventors: 尊宣村上; 尊由村上; 茂樹小島
Original assignee: 株式会社エコファクトリー
Priority date: 2022-09-15
Filing date: 2022-09-15
Publication date: 2024-03-21
Also published as: JP7305144B1; TWI827527B

Abstract

[Problem] To provide a heat transfer member and a radiation panel that exhibit efficient radiation to thereby accelerate heat exchange with the outside and that enhances comfort for users. [Solution] A radiation panel 1 according to the present invention is provided with a panel body 2 which has a heat medium flow pipe 5 between a pair of left and right columns 3, 3. The panel body 2 has a plurality of long heat transfer members 4 which extend along the vertical direction and are arrayed in parallel between the columns 3, 3. The heat transfer members 4 each have a long body part 40, and openings 42 are formed on both sides of the body part 40 so as to be continuous along the longitudinal direction. Since a hollow part 41 and the external space are connected through the openings 42, heat will not be retained inside the hollow part 41, and heat exchange with the outside can be actively accelerated. Thus, heat exchanging performance can be improved.

Description

Heat transfer members and radiant panels

The present invention relates to a heat transfer member and a radiant panel. Specifically, the present invention relates to a heat transfer member and a radiant panel that can promote heat exchange with the outside through efficient radiation and improve comfort for users.

In recent years, in response to the need for energy saving and comfort, radiant air conditioners that air condition indoors by radiating thermal energy without blowing cold or hot air directly into the room have been attracting attention. In this radiant air conditioner, a radiant panel with heat transfer members equipped with heat medium distribution pipes is installed from the floor to the ceiling, and a heat medium such as hot water or cold water is supplied to the heat medium flow pipes. By circulating the heat, the radiant panel radiates heat into the room and exchanges heat with the indoor air, thereby heating and cooling the room (for example, see Patent Document 1).

FIG. 6 shows the cross-sectional structure of the heat transfer member disclosed in Patent Document 1. The heat transfer member 101 is formed by extrusion and has a substantially elliptical cross section, and an insertion hole 102 through which a heat medium flow pipe is inserted is formed approximately at the center, and the surface of the heat transfer member 101 is designed to increase the contact area. A plurality of fin portions 103 are formed by knurling. The fin portion 103 extends in the longitudinal direction of the heat transfer member 101, that is, in the vertical direction when the radiant panel is placed upright, and also has the function of guiding downward condensed water that adheres to the heat transfer member 101 during cooling. ing.

In the above-described conventional configuration, when heating a room, a high-temperature heat medium is supplied to the heat medium distribution pipe, and the high-temperature heat of the heat medium is transferred from the surface of the heat transfer member 101 by thermal conduction. The radiant heat and convection heat are transferred to the cold interior of the room, gradually warming the temperature of the entire room.

On the other hand, when cooling a room, the principle is opposite to that when heating the room; the surrounding air is cooled by supplying a low-temperature heat medium to the heat medium distribution pipe, and heat transfer due to radiation causes The warm air inside the room comes into contact with the heat transfer member as radiant heat, and convection occurs around the heat transfer member, which gradually lowers the temperature of the entire room.

JP2015-025650A

However, in the case of the conventional radiant panel disclosed in Patent Document 1 mentioned above, the hollowed out portion formed between the heat transfer member and the heat medium flow pipe is a closed area, so that The emitted radiant heat remains within the closed area without being emitted to the outside. As a result, heat exchange with the outside is not promoted, which causes a decrease in radiation efficiency.

The present invention was created in view of the above points, and provides a heat transfer member and a radiant panel that can promote heat exchange with the outside through efficient radiation and improve comfort for users. The purpose is to

In order to achieve the above object, the heat transfer member of the present invention has an elongated main body, and inside the main body, there is a hollowed out part and an insertion hole through which a heat medium flow pipe is inserted. A hole is formed along the longitudinal direction, and the main body portion has an opening portion through which the hollowed portion communicates with the outside.

Here, the heat transfer member has an elongated main body part, and inside the main body part, a hollow part and an insertion hole through which the heat medium distribution pipe is inserted are formed along the longitudinal direction. Thereby, the air around the hollowed out portion can be heated (or cooled) by passing cold water or hot water serving as a heat medium through the heat medium flow pipe inserted through the insertion hole.

In addition, since the main body is formed with an opening that communicates the hollowed out part with the outside, during heating, the heated air inside the hollowed out part can be directly released to the outside through the opening. Can be done. Furthermore, during cooling, external high-temperature air can be directly introduced into the hollowed out portion through the opening for cooling. This increases the heat exchange rate during heating and cooling, making it possible to maintain indoor space at a comfortable temperature in a short time.

Furthermore, during heating, the surface of the heat transfer member is warmed by using radiant heat transfer from the outer part (center) of the heat transfer pipe to the surface of the heat transfer member, and during cooling, the surface of the heat transfer member is heated. Since the surface of the heat transfer member can be cooled using radiant heat transfer to the center, heat exchange efficiency can be improved.

Furthermore, when the openings are formed continuously along the longitudinal direction of the main body, the heat exchange rate can be further increased.

Further, the first body part is composed of a first body part and a second body part which have substantially similar shapes to each other in the axial direction of the insertion hole, and the first body part has a first body part that communicates with the outside through the first opening. When a hollowed out portion is formed and the second main body portion is formed with a second hollowed out portion that communicates with the outside through a second opening, the second main body portion has an insertion hole through which a heat medium flow pipe is inserted. Since the first main body part on one side and the second main body part on the other side communicate with the outside, the efficiency of heat exchange between the hollowed out part and the outside can be improved.

If the first main body part and the second main body part are composed of half bodies that can be separated from each other, the first main body part and the second main body part can be joined together. Since the heat transfer member can be easily assembled, manufacturing costs can be suppressed.

Furthermore, when the main body portion is integrally molded by extrusion molding of aluminum material, the cost for molding can be suppressed. Furthermore, since aluminum material has high thermal conductivity, heat can be efficiently transferred from the heat medium flow pipe to the outside or from the outside to the heat medium flow pipe.

Additionally, an oxide film is formed on the entire surface of the main body by alumite processing, which promotes the movement of radiant heat and further increases the heat exchange rate.

In addition, if the surface of the main body is knurled so that the fins protrude along the longitudinal direction and are formed in a wave shape at predetermined intervals along the width direction, the contact area can be increased. , heat transfer between the heat medium flow pipe and the fin portion can be improved.

In order to achieve the above object, the radiant panel of the present invention includes a pair of left and right support columns vertically installed with respect to the installation surface, a hollow part, and a heat medium inside the elongated main body. The heat transfer member has an insertion hole formed along the longitudinal direction through which the flow pipe is inserted, and an opening through which the hollowed out portion communicates with the outside. and panel bodies arranged in parallel along a predetermined direction between the support columns.

Here, by providing the radiant panel with a pair of left and right columns that stand vertically with respect to the installation surface, the heat transfer member described later can be supported by the pair of columns and installed indoors as a radiant panel. .

In addition, the radiant panel has a hollowed out part and an insertion hole through which a heat medium flow pipe is inserted, formed in the inside of the elongated main body along the longitudinal direction, and the hollowed out part and the outside are connected to each other. By providing a panel body made of a heat transfer member with a communicating opening formed, cold water or hot water serving as a heat medium is passed through the heat medium distribution pipe provided through the insertion hole, and the hollowed out part The surrounding air can be heated (or cooled).

In addition, since the panel body has a structure in which the heat transfer members are arranged side by side in a predetermined direction between a pair of pillars, the front and back sides of the panel body are exposed to the indoor space, and multiple Thermal efficiency can be increased by installing a heat transfer member.

Further, the openings formed in the heat transfer member are formed on one side of the main body and on the other side opposite to the one side, and are arranged in a direction intersecting at a predetermined angle with respect to the direction in which the heat transfer members are arranged side by side. If the panel is open toward the outside of the radiant panel, the radiant heat from the heat medium distribution pipe can be actively released to the outside of the radiant panel during heating. Further, during cooling, indoor air can be actively introduced into the main body of the opening heat transfer member. Therefore, the thermal efficiency during heating and cooling can be increased, and the indoor temperature can be adjusted in a short time.

According to the heat transfer member and radiant panel of the present invention, efficient radiation can promote heat exchange with the outside and improve comfort for users.

1 is a front view showing the overall configuration of a radiation panel according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the panel main body according to the embodiment of the present invention, viewed diagonally from above. 1 is a plan view of a heat transfer member according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the movement mechanism of the heat around a heat transfer member, (a) shows the state at the time of heating, (b) shows the state at the time of cooling. It is a figure which shows the experimental result of the heating capacity and cooling capacity of an Example and a comparative example. FIG. 2 is a plan view of a heat transfer member according to the prior art.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention relating to a heat transfer member and a radiant panel will be described with reference to the drawings to provide an understanding of the present invention.

First, the overall configuration of a radiant panel 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described based on FIGS. 1 and 2. As shown in FIG. 1, the radiant panel 1 is mainly composed of a panel body 2 in which a pair of

support columns

3, 3 and a plurality of heat transfer members 4 are arranged in parallel between the

support columns

3, 3. has been done.

The

pillars

3, 3 are provided at both left and right ends of the panel main body 2 in the width direction, and each

pillar

3, 3 stands vertically upward from the installation surface G. In order to ensure the strength of the

pillars

3, 3, horizontal members (not shown) may be installed at the upper and lower ends of the

pillars

3, 3, respectively, to form a rectangular frame as a whole.

An upper space S1 is formed on the upper end side of the

pillars

3, 3, and a refrigerant pipe 6 for supplying a heat medium to the heat medium distribution pipe 5 installed in each heat transfer member 4 is accommodated in this upper space S1. has been done. The front side and the back side of this upper space S1 are covered with an upper cover 7, so that the refrigerant pipe 6 cannot be visually seen from the outside. The upper cover 7 is detachably attached to the upper part of the

pillars

3, 3, respectively.

The heat medium flowing through the heat medium flow pipe 5 includes, but is not limited to, hot water, steam, cold water, hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFC), which are substitutes for CFCs, for example. Instead, other known heat media may be used.

A lower space S2 is formed at the lower ends of the

pillars

3, 3, and a drain pan 8 is provided into which condensation water generated in the heat transfer member 4 drips. The condensation water dripping into the drain pan 8 is sent to a drain pump or drain hose and discharged to the outside. The front and back sides of this lower space S2 are covered with a lower cover 9, so that the drain pan 8 cannot be seen from the outside. The lower cover 9 is attached to the lower parts of the

pillars

3, 3 in a manner that allows it to be freely attached and detached.

In the panel body 2, a plurality of elongated heat transfer members 4 extending in the vertical direction are arranged in parallel between the

pillars

3, 3. The heat transfer member 4 is manufactured by extrusion molding of aluminum material, the entire surface is alumite processed, and the upper and lower ends are fixed to the horizontal members of the panel body 2 by well-known fixing means such as screws. ing.

Here, the heat transfer member 4 does not necessarily have to be made of aluminum, and as long as it is made of a material with high thermal conductivity, silver, copper, gold, nickel, platinum, etc. may be used in addition to aluminum. It can also be manufactured.

Furthermore, the surface of the heat transfer member 4 does not necessarily need to be alumite-treated. However, by anodizing the entire surface of the heat transfer member 4, direct radiant heat transfer from the center of the heat transfer member 4 to the outside is promoted as radiant heat, and furthermore, due to convection heat exchange with external air, Heat exchange performance can be improved.

The detailed structure of the heat transfer member 4 will be explained based on FIG. 3. The heat transfer member 4 has an elongated main body part 40, the main body part 40 has a front part 48 and a back part 49, and a hollow part 41 is formed inside along the longitudinal direction, and in a plan view. A circular insertion hole 43 through which the heat medium flow pipe 5 passes is formed at approximately the center position.

Here, the insertion hole 43 does not necessarily need to be formed at a substantially central position in a plan view of the main body portion 40. However, since the insertion hole 43 is formed at approximately the center position in the plan view of the main body 40, heat is efficiently conducted from the heat medium supplied to the heat medium distribution pipe 5 to the entire main body 40. Therefore, the radiation effect of the radiation panel 1 can be enhanced.

The main body part 40 is composed of a first main body part 40a and a second main body part 40b that have substantially similar shapes in the axial direction of the insertion hole 43, and the first main body part 40a and the second main body part 40b are different from each other. It consists of two halves that can be separated from each other. Specifically, the first main body part 40a and the second main body part 40b are formed with a recess 44 and a protruding piece 45, respectively, and are integrated by fitting the recess 44 and the protruding piece 45 into each other. be able to.

Here, the main body part 40 does not necessarily have to be composed of a first main body part 40a and a second main body part 40b which are mutually separable halves, and may be integrally molded. . However, since the main body part 40 is configured to be separable into the first main body part 40a and the second main body part 40b, the first main body part 40a and the second main body part 40b can be separated from each other with respect to the heat medium flow pipe 5. Since the panel body 2 can be assembled by simply fitting the first body part 40a and the second body part 40b, from the viewpoint of simplifying the manufacturing process, the body part 40 can be assembled by simply fitting the first body part 40a and the second body part 40b together. Preferably, it is composed of split bodies.

The surface of the main body part 40 has fin parts 46 that protrude along the longitudinal direction by, for example, knurling, and the fin parts 46 are formed at predetermined intervals along the width direction of the main part 40, and have a wavy shape as a whole. An uneven surface is formed.

Here, the surface of the main body portion 40 does not necessarily need to have an uneven surface formed by knurling. However, by forming an uneven surface on the surface of the main body part 40, the contact area between the heat medium flow pipe 5 and the main body part 40 can be increased, and the contact thermal resistance can be reduced. Since the heat transfer with the portion 40 can be improved, the heat exchange performance can be improved.

Approximately semicircular fixing grooves 47 are formed at the four corners of the main body portion 40 into which screws for fixing the heat transfer member 4 to the panel main body 2 can be inserted. The heat transfer member 4 can be firmly fixed to the panel body 2 by passing screws from the horizontal members of the panel body 2 to the fixing grooves.

Here, the fixing grooves 47 do not necessarily need to be formed at the four corners of the main body 40, and may be formed at any position on the main body 40. However, since the fixing grooves 47 are formed at the four corners of the main body part 40, the heat transfer member 4 can be stably attached to the panel main body 2, and the attachment strength can be increased.

Openings 42 are formed continuously along the longitudinal direction on both sides of the main body portion 40, and the hollowed out portion 41 and the external space are in communication through the openings 42. In the conventional heat transfer member 101 shown in FIG. 6 described above, both sides of the main body portion are closed, and a closed space is formed in the hollowed out portion. Therefore, the radiant heat emitted from the heat medium flow pipe 102 is not emitted to the outside, but convects within the closed region, and heat exchange with the outside is not promoted, causing a reduction in radiation efficiency.

On the other hand, in the heat transfer member 4 according to the embodiment of the present invention, the hollowed out part 41 and the external space are in communication through the opening 42, so that heat does not stay inside the hollowed out part 41. Since it becomes possible to actively promote heat exchange with the outside, it becomes possible to improve heat exchange performance.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the mechanism of the heat transfer member 4 according to the embodiment of the present invention, where FIG. 4(a) is an explanatory diagram showing the state of heat exchange during heating, and FIG. 4(b) is an explanatory diagram showing the state of heat exchange during cooling. It is. First, during heating, a hot heat medium produced in a refrigeration cycle (not shown) is sent through the refrigerant pipes 6 to the heat medium distribution pipes 5 installed in each heat transfer member 4. On the other hand, during cooling, a cold heat medium produced in a refrigeration cycle (not shown) is condensed in an outdoor heat exchanger (not shown), and the condensed heat medium is sent into the heat medium distribution pipe 5 through the refrigerant pipe 6.

In the above configuration, the radiant heat radiated from the surface of the insertion hole 43 into the hollowed out part 41 is transferred to the fin part 46 in the hollowed out part 41 as radiant heat, warming or cooling the fin part 46 itself. By doing so, heat radiation due to radiant heat from the surface of the fin portion 46 or heat absorption can contribute to heat exchange. Furthermore, due to this effect, the fin portion 46 itself warms and cools, and the external air becomes convective heat and repeatedly contacts the surfaces of the front portion 48 and rear portion 49 of the main body portion 40, causing sensible heat and Convective heat exchange can be promoted by radiating latent heat or repeating heat absorption.

Further, each of the first main body part 40a and the second main body part 40b is open on one side, and has a substantially U-shaped shape surrounded by the surface of the insertion hole 43 and the inner surface of the hollowed out part 41. Because of this, the air inside the hollowed out portion 41 can be easily warmed during heating and easily cooled during cooling. As a result, the temperature difference between the inside of the hollowed out portion 41 and the outside air can be increased, so that the temperature increase during heating or the temperature decrease during cooling is promoted, and heat exchange is promoted.

Furthermore, for example, during heating, radiant heat is radiated from the entire surface of the heat transfer member 4 to the external space. At this time, the radiant heat on the surface of the insertion hole 43 near the heat medium is directed to the outside of the opening 42, and heat exchange with the external space is promoted. In this way, the main body portion 40 has a shape that can provide the effect of heat exchange with the external space through the movement of radiant heat in accordance with the heat conduction of the heat transfer member 4, thereby allowing the heat medium to interact with the external space. This makes it possible to dramatically improve heat exchange.

The heat-exchanged air becomes convective heat and repeatedly contacts the heat transfer member 4, thereby further promoting heat exchange. At this time, as described above, by forming the plurality of fin parts 46 on the surface of the main body part 40, the contact area with radiant heat or convective heat can be increased. Through the above mechanism, in addition to the convection type heat exchange in which the thermal energy of the heat medium is exchanged by convection, high heat exchange performance is achieved by promoting heat exchange with the heat medium using radiant heat transfer. Can be done.

As described above, since the heat transfer member 4 according to the embodiment of the present invention is formed with the openings 42, it is possible to promote heat exchange by radiant heat both during heating and cooling. As a result, heat exchange efficiency is further increased compared to conventional heat transfer members.

Here, the openings 42 do not necessarily need to be formed on each side of the heat transfer member 4, and may be formed on either side. However, in this case, the radiant heat flows in and out only from the opening 42 on one side where the opening 42 is formed, so the heat exchange rate is inferior to the case where the opening 42 is formed on both sides. Become something.

Furthermore, the openings 42 do not necessarily need to be formed continuously along the longitudinal direction of the heat transfer member 4. For example, openings 42 may be formed intermittently along the longitudinal direction on the sides of the heat transfer member. However, when the openings 42 are formed intermittently, the inflow and outflow of radiant heat between the hollowed out part 41 and the external space is restricted, so when the openings 42 are formed continuously, In comparison, the heat exchange rate is inferior.

Further, the opening 42 does not necessarily have to be formed on the side of the heat transfer member; for example, the opening 42 may be formed at any position of the main body 40 as long as the flow of radiant heat into and out of the hollowed out part 41 is not inhibited. A plurality of through holes may be formed.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the heat transfer member 4 has the opening 42 installed in a direction perpendicular to the width direction of the panel main body 2 (the direction in which the opening 42 faces the external space), so that the heat transfer member 4 is heated by convection heat. Although heat exchange is limited, heat exchange can be actively performed between the hollowed out portion 41 and the external space through radiant heat.

On the other hand, for example, if the heat transfer member 4 is installed in a direction in which the opening 42 is parallel to the width direction of the panel body 2, heat exchange by convection heat is promoted, while heat exchange by radiant heat is restricted. be done. Therefore, the installation direction of the heat transfer member 4 can be changed as appropriate depending on the situation of the installation space in which the radiant panel 1 is installed.

Next, we will discuss the experimental results of comparing heating performance and cooling performance using a radiant panel according to an embodiment of the present invention as an example and a radiant panel using a heat transfer member according to the conventional technology shown in FIG. 6 as a comparative example. explain.

Note that this experiment was conducted based on Annex A of JIS A1400:2007 (Natural convection/radiant radiator for heating - Performance test method). Regarding the temperature conditions of the heat medium, 7°C cold water was used in the cooling test, and 50°C hot water was used in the heating test. In addition, the inner diameter of the flow path of the refrigerant piping through which the heat medium flows is 12 mm, and the inner diameter of the flow path of the heat medium distribution pipe is 35 mm, and the flow rates of the heat medium are 5 L/min and 6 L in both Examples and Comparative Examples. The cooling capacity Q (W) and the heating capacity Q (W) were measured for each of the following conditions: /min, 7.5 L/min, 8.5 L/min, and 10 L/min.

Here, Q(W) was determined from the heat absorption/radiation power (heat absorption/radiation power) due to the temperature difference T. The density of water ρ is 1.00×106 (g/m ³ ) at 7°C, 9.90×105 (g/m ³ ) at 50°C, and the value of specific heat capacity α at constant pressure is 4.20 at 7°C. (J (K・g)) and 4.18 (J (K・g)) at 50℃, respectively, and Q (W) is the temperature difference ΔT (℃) between the panel entrance and exit and the heat per minute. It was calculated from the flow rate L (l/min) of the medium using the formula defined below.
Q(W)=ρLαΔT/(1000×60)

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the results of an experiment comparing the heating performance and cooling performance of the radiant panels of the example and the comparative example. As shown in FIG. 5, first, regarding the cooling capacity, in both the example and the comparative example, the cooling capacity increases as the flow rate of the heat medium increases, and furthermore, the flow rate of the heat medium in the example is 5 to 7. It can be seen that the improvement is about 20% in the range of 5 L/min, and about 25% in the range of the heat medium flow rate of 8.5 to 10 L/min.

Furthermore, regarding the heating performance, as with the cooling performance, the heating capacity increases as the flow rate of the heat medium increases in both Examples and Comparative Examples. Regarding the heating capacity, the difference between the example and the comparative example is even more remarkable compared to the cooling capacity, and when the flow rate of the heat medium is in the range of 5 to 7.5 L/min, it is improved by about 30%. It can be seen that when the flow rate is in the range of 8.5 to 10 L/min, the improvement is about 35%.

As described above, when compared with the comparative example, it is recognized that the performance of the example is improved in both the heating capacity and the cooling capacity, and the heat transfer member 4 according to the embodiment of the present invention has a remarkable improvement over the conventional structure. It can be confirmed that it is effective.

As described above, the heat transfer member and radiant panel according to the present invention can promote heat exchange with the outside through efficient radiation, and can improve comfort for users.

1 Radiant panel 2 Panel main body 3 Support column 4 Heat transfer member 40 Main body part 40a First main body part 40b Second main body part 41 Lightening part 42 Opening part 43 Insertion hole 44 Recessed part 45 Projecting piece part 46 Fin part 47 Fixing groove 48 Front part 49 Back part 5 Heat medium distribution pipe 6 Refrigerant piping 7 Upper cover 8 Drain pan 9 Lower cover

Claims

It has an elongated main body part, and inside the main body part, a hollow part and an insertion hole through which a heat medium distribution pipe is inserted are formed along the longitudinal direction,
The main body portion is formed with an opening through which the hollowed out portion communicates with the outside. The heat transfer member.
The opening is
The heat transfer member according to claim 1, wherein the heat transfer member is formed continuously along the longitudinal direction of the main body.
The main body portion is composed of a first main body portion and a second main body portion that have substantially similar shapes to each other in the axial direction of the insertion hole,
The first main body portion has a first lightened portion that communicates with the outside through a first opening, and the second main body portion has a second lightened portion that communicates with the outside through a second opening. The heat transfer member according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: is formed.
The heat transfer member according to claim 3, wherein the first main body portion and the second main body portion are constituted by half bodies that can be separated from each other.
The heat transfer member according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the main body is integrally molded by extrusion molding of an aluminum material and has an alumite-processed surface.
The heat transfer member according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the surface of the main body portion is knurled so that fin portions protruding along the longitudinal direction are formed in a wavy shape at predetermined intervals along the width direction.
A pair of left and right columns that stand perpendicular to the installation surface,
Inside the elongated main body part, a hollowed out part and an insertion hole through which a heat medium flow pipe is passed are formed along the longitudinal direction, and an opening through which the hollowed out part and the outside communicate with each other is formed. A radiant panel comprising: a panel body having a heat transfer member formed therein, and the heat transfer member being arranged in parallel along a predetermined direction between the pair of support columns.
The radiant panel according to claim 7, wherein fixing grooves into which fixing tools for fixing the heat transfer member to a fixing member are inserted are formed at four corners of the main body.
The openings are formed on one side of the main body and on the other side opposite to the one side, and are open in a direction that intersects at a predetermined angle with the direction in which the heat transfer members are arranged side by side. The radiant panel according to claim 7 or claim 8.