WO2024055868A1 - Dispositif habitronique - Google Patents

Dispositif habitronique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024055868A1
WO2024055868A1 PCT/CN2023/116944 CN2023116944W WO2024055868A1 WO 2024055868 A1 WO2024055868 A1 WO 2024055868A1 CN 2023116944 W CN2023116944 W CN 2023116944W WO 2024055868 A1 WO2024055868 A1 WO 2024055868A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
radiator
antenna
wearable device
switch
frequency band
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/116944
Other languages
English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
席宝坤
王汉阳
孟博
卢妍溢
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Publication of WO2024055868A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024055868A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of wireless communications, and in particular to a wearable device.
  • Wireless headsets are becoming more and more popular among users due to their convenience and miniaturization, especially true wireless stereo (TWS) Bluetooth (blue tooth, BT) headsets.
  • TWS wireless stereo
  • BT blue tooth
  • TWS earphones are worn directly on the user's ears, their antenna performance is easily affected by the user's head, making it difficult to achieve excellent antenna performance.
  • TWS headphones are worn on the user's ears and interference occurs around the user, for example, other electronic devices emit electrical signals in the Bluetooth band, or 2.4GHz WiFi signals with the same frequency as the Bluetooth band, will cause interference to the user. Headphones causing interference.
  • This application provides a wearable device, including an antenna.
  • the antenna has a simple structure and can switch patterns while ensuring its good radiation characteristics, thereby improving the anti-interference ability of the wearable device.
  • a wearable device comprising: a shell; an antenna, comprising a feeding unit, a switch, a first electronic component, a first radiator and a second radiator, the feeding unit, the switch, the first radiator and the second radiator being located inside the shell; a floor, the first end of the second radiator being electrically connected to the floor through the switch; wherein the end of the first radiator and the end of the second radiator are opposite to each other and do not contact each other; the first end of the first radiator comprises a feeding point, the feeding unit is electrically connected to the first radiator at the feeding point; the first end of the second radiator comprises a grounding point, the switch is electrically connected between the second radiator and the floor at the grounding point, and the first electronic component is electrically connected between the switch and the floor; when the switch is in a first switching state, the working frequency band of the antenna comprises a first frequency band, and the antenna generates a first radiation pattern; when the switch is in a second switching state, the working frequency band of the antenna comprises the first
  • the electrical connection state between the first end of the second radiator and the floor is controlled, thereby changing the working mode of the antenna. This is achieved through different working modes of the antenna. Switching of two complementary patterns.
  • the switch when the switch is in the first switch state, the first end of the second radiator is grounded through the switch; In the second switch state, the first end of the second radiator is not connected to ground through the switch.
  • the working mode of the antenna can be controlled to switch between the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit.
  • the antenna further includes a second electronic component; the second electronic component is electrically connected to the end of the oppositely arranged first radiator and the between the ends of the second radiator.
  • the phase between the electrical signal transmitted by the second electronic component on the second radiator and the electrical signal coupled by space on the second radiator is reversed (for example, , the phase difference is 180°), the two can cancel each other to reduce the coupling between the first radiator and the second radiator.
  • the second electronic component is an inductor, and the inductance value is greater than or equal to 10 nH.
  • the inductance value of the second electronic component can be adjusted according to the actual design, which is not limited by the present application.
  • the antenna further includes a neutralizing line; a first end of the neutralizing line is electrically connected to the first radiator at a first position, and the The second end of the neutralizing wire is electrically connected to the second radiator at a second position.
  • the electrical length of the neutralization line can be controlled to cause transmission by the neutralization line on the second radiator.
  • the phase between the electrical signal and the spatially coupled electrical signal on the second radiator is opposite (for example, the phase difference is 180°), and the two can cancel each other to reduce the interference between the first radiator and the second radiator. coupling.
  • the distance between the first position and the feed point is less than one-sixteenth of the first wavelength, and/or, the second The distance between the position and the ground point is less than one-sixteenth of the first wavelength, and the first wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the first frequency band.
  • the antenna further includes a third electronic component; the neutralization line includes a slit, and the third electronic component is electrically connected to the neutral line on both sides of the slit. and between lines.
  • the electrical length of the neutralization line can be controlled by adjusting the third electronic component, so that the electrical signal transmitted by the neutralization line on the second radiator is connected to the electrical signal coupled by space on the second radiator.
  • the signals are in opposite phases (for example, 180° out of phase) and cancel each other out.
  • the third electronic component is an inductor, and the inductance value is greater than or equal to 5 nH.
  • the inductance value of the third electronic component can be adjusted according to the actual design, and this application does not limit this.
  • the distance between the first radiator and the floor is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm and less than or equal to 3 mm.
  • the distance between the first radiator and the floor can be understood as the minimum value of the line segment distance between the point on the first radiator and the point on the floor, or it can be understood as the first The distance between the radiator and the floor in the first direction.
  • the first direction may be a direction perpendicular to the plane where the first radiator is located.
  • the distance between the end of the first radiator and the end of the second radiator that are oppositely arranged is less than or equal to 1 mm.
  • the distance between the end of the first radiator and the end of the second radiator that are oppositely arranged may be 0.6 mm.
  • the distance between the end of the first radiator and the end of the second radiator can be understood as the width of the gap formed between the end of the first radiator and the end of the second radiator.
  • the length L1 of the first radiator and the length L2 of the second radiator satisfy: L1 ⁇ 60% ⁇ L2, or L2 ⁇ 60 % ⁇ L1.
  • the electrical length of the first radiator and the electrical length of the second radiator may be the same (for example, the electrical lengths differ by ⁇ 10%). Due to the spatial layout inside the wearable device, the electrical length can be reduced by radiating Electronic components (such as capacitors or inductors) are placed between the radiator and the floor to shorten the physical length of the radiator while maintaining the same electrical length.
  • Electronic components such as capacitors or inductors
  • the projections of the first radiator and the second radiator on the plane of the floor are parallel to each other in the first direction, and in the second direction The interval is less than a quarter of the first wavelength, wherein the first direction is the extension direction of the first radiator and the second radiator, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the first wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the first frequency band.
  • the first radiator and the second radiator may be arranged in parallel.
  • the first radiator and the second radiator may be arranged along the same straight line, or the first radiator and the second radiator may be arranged in a staggered manner.
  • the second end of the first radiator and the second end of the second radiator are opposite and not in contact with each other;
  • the second end and the second end of the second radiator are open ends.
  • the first end of the first radiator and the second end of the second radiator are opposite and not in contact with each other;
  • the second end and the second end of the second radiator are open ends.
  • the second end of the first radiator and the second end of the first radiator are opposite and not in contact with each other;
  • the second end and the second end of the second radiator are open ends.
  • the first end of the first radiator and the second end of the first radiator are opposite and not in contact with each other;
  • the second end and the second end of the second radiator are open ends.
  • the wearable device is a true wireless TWS earphone; the wearable device includes an earbud part and an ear handle part, and the antenna is disposed on the ear handle part ; The distance between the first radiator and the earplug part is smaller than the distance between the second radiator and the earplug part.
  • the first radiator can be disposed in the area of the ear handle close to the earplug.
  • the first radiator can be used as the main radiator (provided with a feed point), and is electrically connected to the floor through the earplug.
  • the metal parts produce radiation to improve the radiation characteristics of the antenna.
  • the first radiator and the second radiator are sheet-shaped; the wearable device further includes a printed circuit board PCB, the PCB includes metal layer, the metal layer is arranged opposite to the first radiator and the second radiator.
  • no switch is included between the feed unit and the first radiator or the floor.
  • no switch is provided between the feed unit and the first radiator or no switch is provided between the feed unit and the floor. Since there is no switch provided at the feed unit to switch the matching network, the introduction of the switch will not cause additional insertion loss, thereby damaging the radiation performance of the antenna.
  • the first frequency band includes the Bluetooth frequency band 2.4-2.485 GHz.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a wearable device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram comparing the directional patterns of the antenna structure of the TWS headset under different circumstances.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of switching the directional pattern of the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of an antenna 201 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the common-mode structure of a wire antenna provided by this application and the corresponding current and electric field distribution.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the differential mode structure of a wire antenna provided by this application and the corresponding current and electric field distribution.
  • Figure 7 is a common-mode structure of the slot antenna provided by this application and the corresponding distribution diagram of current, electric field, and magnetic current.
  • FIG. 8 is the structure of the differential mode of the slot antenna provided by this application and the corresponding distribution diagram of current, electric field, and magnetic current.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna 300 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 10 is a top view of an antenna 300 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 11 is the S parameters of the antenna shown in Figure 9.
  • FIG. 12 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna shown in FIG. 9 .
  • Figure 13 is the simulation results of the S parameters and system efficiency of the antenna shown in Figure 9.
  • Figure 14 is a directional diagram of the antenna shown in Figure 9 in the yoz plane.
  • Figure 15 is a directional diagram of the antenna shown in Figure 9 under the human head model.
  • Figure 16 is a directional diagram of the antenna shown in Figure 9 under the human body model.
  • FIG 17 is a schematic diagram of yet another antenna 300 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 18 is the isolation between the first radiator and the second radiator in the antenna shown in Figure 17.
  • Figure 19 is the simulation result of the antenna shown in Figure 17.
  • Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of yet another antenna 300 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 21 is the isolation between the first radiator and the second radiator in the antenna shown in Figure 20.
  • Figure 22 is the simulation result of the antenna shown in Figure 20.
  • Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of yet another antenna 300 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 24 is a simulation result of the system efficiency of the antenna shown in Figure 23.
  • Fig. 25 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna shown in Fig. 23.
  • Fig. 26 is a directional diagram of the antenna shown in Fig. 23.
  • Figure 27 is a schematic diagram of yet another antenna 300 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 28 is a simulation result of the system efficiency of the antenna shown in FIG. 31 .
  • Fig. 29 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna shown in Fig. 31.
  • Fig. 30 is a directional diagram of the antenna shown in Fig. 33.
  • Figure 31 is a schematic diagram of yet another antenna 300 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 32 is a simulation result of the system efficiency of the antenna shown in Figure 31.
  • Fig. 33 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna shown in Fig. 31.
  • FIG34 is a directional diagram of the antenna shown in FIG31 .
  • Figure 35 is another wearable device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 36 is another wearable device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Coupling can be understood as direct coupling and/or indirect coupling, and "coupling connection” can be understood as direct coupling connection and/or indirect coupling connection.
  • Direct coupling can also be called “electrical connection”, which is understood as the physical contact and electrical conduction of components; it can also be understood as the printed circuit board (PCB) copper foil or wires between different components in the circuit structure.
  • PCB printed circuit board
  • indirect coupling can be understood as two conductors being electrically connected through space/non-contact.
  • indirect coupling may also be called capacitive coupling, for example, signal transmission is achieved by forming an equivalent capacitance through coupling between a gap between two conductive members.
  • Connection/connection It can refer to a mechanical connection relationship or a physical connection relationship.
  • the connection between A and B or the connection between A and B can refer to the existence of fastening components (such as screws, bolts, rivets, etc.) between A and B. Or A and B are in contact with each other and A and B are difficult to separate.
  • connection The conduction or connection between two or more components through the above “electrical connection” or “indirect coupling” method for signal/energy transmission can be called connection.
  • Capacitance can be understood as lumped capacitance and/or distributed capacitance.
  • Lumped capacitance refers to capacitive components, such as capacitor components; distributed capacitance (or distributed capacitance) refers to the equivalent capacitance formed by two conductive parts separated by a certain gap.
  • Resonance frequency is also called resonance frequency.
  • the resonant frequency can refer to the frequency at which the imaginary part of the antenna input impedance is zero.
  • the resonant frequency can have a frequency range, that is, the frequency range in which resonance occurs.
  • the frequency corresponding to the strongest resonance point is the center frequency point frequency.
  • the return loss characteristics of the center frequency can be less than -20dB.
  • Resonance frequency band/communication frequency band/working frequency band No matter what type of antenna, it always works within a certain frequency range (frequency band width).
  • the working frequency band of an antenna that supports the B40 frequency band includes frequencies in the range of 2300MHz to 2400MHz, or in other words, the working frequency band of the antenna includes the B40 frequency band.
  • the frequency range that meets the index requirements can be regarded as the working frequency band of the antenna.
  • Electrical length It can refer to the ratio of physical length (i.e. mechanical length or geometric length) to the wavelength of the transmitted electromagnetic wave.
  • the electrical length can satisfy the following formula:
  • L is the physical length
  • ⁇ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.
  • Wavelength or working wavelength, which can be the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonant frequency or the center frequency of the working frequency band supported by the antenna.
  • the operating wavelength can be the wavelength calculated using the frequency of 1955MHz.
  • "working wavelength” can also refer to the wavelength corresponding to the resonant frequency or non-center frequency of the working frequency band.
  • the wavelength can be understood as the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the medium.
  • the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave generated by the radiator transmitted in the medium and the wavelength transmitted in the vacuum satisfy the following formula:
  • ⁇ ⁇ is the wavelength of electromagnetic waves in the medium
  • ⁇ c is the wavelength of electromagnetic waves in vacuum
  • ⁇ r is the relative dielectric constant of the medium in the dielectric layer.
  • the wavelength in the embodiment of this application usually refers to the medium wavelength, which can be the medium wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonant frequency, or the medium wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the working frequency band supported by the antenna. For example, assuming that the center frequency of the B1 uplink frequency band (resonant frequency is 1920MHz to 1980MHz) is 1955MHz, the wavelength can be calculated using the frequency of 1955MHz medium wavelength.
  • medium wavelength can also refer to the medium wavelength corresponding to the resonant frequency or non-center frequency of the operating frequency band.
  • the medium wavelength mentioned in the embodiments of the present application can be simply calculated by the relative dielectric constant of the medium filled on one or more sides of the radiator.
  • the middle (location) of the conductor may be a portion of the conductor that includes the midpoint on the conductor.
  • the middle (location) of the conductor may be a distance on the conductor from the midpoint that is less than a predetermined threshold (e.g., 1 mm, 2 mm, or 2.5 mm). ) a conductor section.
  • Antenna system efficiency refers to the ratio of input power to output power at the port of the antenna.
  • Antenna radiation efficiency refers to the ratio of the power radiated by the antenna to space (that is, the power of the electromagnetic wave effectively converted) and the active power input to the antenna.
  • the active power input to the antenna the input power of the antenna - the loss power;
  • the loss power mainly includes the return loss power and the ohmic loss power of the metal and/or the dielectric loss power.
  • Radiation efficiency is a measure of the radiation ability of an antenna. Metal loss and dielectric loss are both influencing factors of radiation efficiency.
  • efficiency is generally expressed as a percentage, and there is a corresponding conversion relationship between it and dB. The closer the efficiency is to 0dB, the better the efficiency of the antenna is.
  • Antenna pattern also called radiation pattern. It refers to the graph in which the relative field strength (normalized mode value) of the antenna radiation field changes with the direction at a certain distance from the antenna. It is usually represented by two mutually perpendicular plane patterns in the maximum radiation direction of the antenna.
  • Antenna patterns usually have multiple radiation beams.
  • the radiation beam with the greatest radiation intensity is called the main lobe, and the remaining radiation beams are called side lobes or side lobes.
  • the side lobes In the opposite direction to the main lobe are also called back lobes.
  • Antenna return loss It can be understood as the ratio of the signal power reflected back to the antenna port through the antenna circuit and the transmit power of the antenna port. The smaller the reflected signal is, the greater the signal radiated to space through the antenna is, and the greater the antenna's radiation efficiency is. The larger the reflected signal is, the smaller the signal radiated to space through the antenna is, and the smaller the antenna's radiation efficiency is.
  • Antenna return loss can be represented by the S11 parameter, which is one of the S parameters.
  • S11 represents the reflection coefficient, which can characterize the antenna's emission efficiency.
  • the S11 parameter is usually a negative number. The smaller the S11 parameter, the smaller the return loss of the antenna, and the smaller the energy reflected back by the antenna itself, which means that more energy actually enters the antenna, and the higher the system efficiency of the antenna is. S11 parameter The larger the value, the greater the antenna return loss and the lower the antenna system efficiency.
  • the S11 value of -6dB is generally used as a standard.
  • the S11 value of an antenna is less than -6dB, it can be considered that the antenna can work normally, or the antenna's radiation efficiency can be considered to be good.
  • Ground, or floor can generally refer to at least part of any ground layer, or ground plate, or ground metal layer, etc. in an electronic device (such as a mobile phone), or any combination of any of the above ground layers, or ground plates, or ground components, etc. At least in part, “ground” can be used to ground components within electronic equipment. In one embodiment, "ground” may be the grounding layer of the circuit board of the electronic device, or it may be the grounding plate formed by the middle frame of the electronic device or the grounding metal layer formed by the metal film under the screen.
  • the circuit board may be a printed circuit board (PCB), such as an 8-, 10-, or 12- to 14-layer board with 8, 10, 12, 13, or 14 layers of conductive material, or by a circuit board such as Components separated and electrically insulated by dielectric or insulating layers such as fiberglass, polymer, etc.
  • the circuit board includes a dielectric substrate, a ground layer and a wiring layer, and the wiring layer and the ground layer are electrically connected through via holes.
  • the conductive material can be any of the following materials: copper, aluminum, stainless steel, brass and their alloys, copper foil on an insulating substrate, aluminum foil on an insulating substrate, gold foil on an insulating substrate, Silver-plated copper, silver-plated copper foil on an insulating substrate, silver foil and tin-plated copper on an insulating substrate, cloth impregnated with graphite powder, graphite-coated substrate, copper-plated substrate, brass-plated substrate sheet and aluminized substrate.
  • ground layer/ground plate/ground metal layer can also be made of other conductive materials.
  • the technical solution provided by this application is suitable for wearable devices using one or more of the following communication technologies: BT communication technology, global customization Global positioning system (GPS) communication technology, wireless fidelity (WiFi) communication technology, global system for mobile communications (GSM) communication technology, wideband code division multiple access (wideband code division multiple access, WCDMA) communication technology, long term evolution (LTE) communication technology, (5th generation, 5G) communication technology and other communication technologies in the future.
  • GPS Global positioning system
  • WiFi wireless fidelity
  • GSM global system for mobile communications
  • WCDMA wideband code division multiple access
  • LTE long term evolution
  • 5G 5th generation
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a wearable device provided by an embodiment of the present application, taking a wireless earphone as an example for illustration.
  • FIG. 1 it is a schematic structural diagram of a wireless earphone 100 .
  • the wireless earphone 100 may be, for example, a TWS Bluetooth earphone.
  • the wireless earphone 100 can be divided into an earbud part 1 and an ear stem part 2 .
  • the earplug part 1 is connected to one end of the ear handle part 2 .
  • the earplug 1 can be accommodated or embedded in the user's auricle, and the ear handle 2 can be hung on the edge of the user's auricle and located at the outer periphery of the user's auricle.
  • the ear handle portion 2 can be further divided into a connecting section 21 connected with the earplug portion 1 , and a top section 22 and a bottom section 23 located on both sides of the connecting section 21 .
  • the top section 22, the connecting section 21 and the bottom section 23 of the ear handle 2 are arranged in sequence along the longitudinal direction of the wireless earphone.
  • the longitudinal direction may be the extension direction of the lug handle part 2 (the Y-axis shown in (a) in FIG. 1 ), and also the length direction of the lug handle part 2 .
  • the two longitudinal ends can be the top end and the bottom end respectively.
  • the top section 22, the connecting section 21 and the bottom section 23 can be an integrated structure or a split structure.
  • the ear stem portion 2 can also be divided into a connecting section 21 connected with the earplug section 1 and a bottom section 23 located on one side of the connecting section 21 .
  • the connecting end 21 is connected between the earplug part 1 and the bottom section 23 .
  • the connecting section 21 and the bottom section 23 are distributed along the longitudinal direction of the wireless earphone 100 . That is to say, in this application, the wireless earphone 100 may or may not have the top section 22 as shown in (a) and (c) in Figure 1 .
  • the wireless earphone 100 may include a housing 10 .
  • the housing 10 can be used to accommodate various components of the wireless earphone 100 .
  • the housing 10 may include a main housing 101 , a bottom housing 102 , and side housings 103 .
  • the main shell 101 can cover part of the bottom section 23 of the ear handle 2 , the connecting section 21 of the ear handle 2 , the top section 22 of the ear handle 2 , and the portion of the earplug section 1 connected to the connecting section 21 .
  • the main shell 101 may form a first opening 1011 in the bottom section 23 of the ear handle part 2 , and may form a second opening 1012 in the earplug part 1 .
  • the first opening 1011 and the second opening 1012 may be used to house components within the wireless headset 100 .
  • the bottom shell 102 may be located at the bottommost portion of the bottom section 23 of the lug portion 2 .
  • the bottom housing 102 can be fixedly connected to the main housing 101 through the first opening 1011.
  • the connection between the bottom housing 102 and the main housing 101 is a detachable connection (such as a snap connection, a threaded connection, etc.) to facilitate subsequent repair (or maintenance) of the wireless headset 100 .
  • the connection between the bottom case 102 and the main case 101 can be a non-detachable connection (such as glue connection) to reduce the risk of the bottom case 102 accidentally falling off, which is beneficial to improve the quality of wireless earphones. 100% reliability.
  • the side shell 103 may be located on a side of the earbud part 1 away from the ear stem part 2 .
  • the side housing 103 can be fixedly connected to the main housing 101 through the second opening 1012 .
  • the connection between the side housing 103 and the main housing 101 is a detachable connection (such as a snap connection, a threaded connection, etc.) to facilitate subsequent repair (or maintenance) of the wireless headset 100 .
  • the connection between the side housing 103 and the main housing 101 can also be a non-detachable connection (such as glue connection) to reduce the risk of the side housing 103 accidentally falling off, which is beneficial to Improve the reliability of the wireless headset 100.
  • One or more sound holes 1031 may be provided on the side housing 103 so that the sound inside the housing 10 can be transmitted to the outside of the housing 10 through the sound holes 1031 . This application does not need to limit the shape, position, number, etc. of the sound holes 1031.
  • the housing 10 may include a first housing 104 and a second housing 105 .
  • a third opening 1041 may be formed on the first housing 104 .
  • the first housing 104 can be fixedly connected to the second housing 105 through the third opening 1041 .
  • the wireless earphone 100 may have a smaller number of openings.
  • the structures of the wireless earphone 100 shown in FIG. 1 are just some examples, and the wireless earphone 100 may also have other different implementations. Embodiment, the following only takes the wireless headset 100 shown in FIG. 1 as an example for detailed description.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram comparing the directional patterns of the antenna structure of the TWS headset under different circumstances. Among them, (a) in Figure 2 is the pattern of the antenna structure when the user is not wearing the TWS headset, and (b) in Figure 2 is the pattern of the antenna structure when the user is wearing the TWS headset.
  • the TWS earphones are worn on the user's ears and close to the user's head, the human body seriously absorbs the energy radiated from the antenna structure of the earphones, and its pattern will change. Moreover, due to the reflection effect, the antenna structure of the earphones is close to the human head. One side will produce a zero point with extremely poor radiation performance, as shown in (b) in Figure 2, causing lag problems during user use and reducing the user experience. It should be understood that the zero point of the pattern of the antenna structure can be considered as the smaller value of the gain in the pattern of the antenna structure, or it can also be considered as the area where the gain is less than a certain threshold. Due to the differences in the antenna structure and the environment, The pattern of an antenna structure may also have multiple zeros.
  • TWS headphones are worn on the user's ears and interference occurs around the user, for example, other electronic devices emit electrical signals in the Bluetooth band, or 2.4GHz WiFi signals with the same frequency as the Bluetooth band, will cause interference to the user. Headphones causing interference.
  • other wearable devices worn by users such as smart watches and smart glasses.
  • the antenna of wearable devices has an urgent need for pattern switching.
  • the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present application may include an antenna unit 1 and an antenna unit 2.
  • the directional pattern of the antenna unit 1 when worn by the user is the directional pattern 1 in Figure 3, and the directional pattern of the antenna unit 2 when worn by the user is Directional pattern 2, directional pattern 1 and directional pattern 2 in Figure 3 are two complementary directional patterns.
  • the headset can switch between antenna unit 1 and antenna unit 2 through the sensitivity of the antenna unit. When the packet loss rate is lower than the threshold, the headset can switch between two complementary patterns. The zero point position of the original single antenna pattern is changed.
  • the synthesized dual-antenna pattern makes up for the small gain at the zero point of any single antenna pattern, thereby improving the over-the-air (OTA) performance of the overall antenna structure.
  • OTA over-the-air
  • the packet loss rate can be understood as the rate at which an electronic device loses data packets during the process of receiving data packets. When the packet loss rate is greater than the threshold, it can be judged that the current antenna structure is greatly affected by the environment and its radiation characteristics are poor.
  • the synthetic directional pattern is formed by combining at least two directional patterns for ease of understanding.
  • the synthetic directional pattern can be understood as the gain at any angle is the larger of the gains corresponding to the angle in the at least two directional patterns. value. It should be understood that the pattern synthesized by two complementary patterns can at least increase the gain of any pattern at the zero point.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the antenna 201 (also referred to as the antenna 201).
  • the antenna 201 may include a radiator 211 , a PCB 220 , a feeding unit 230 and a switch 240 .
  • the radiator 211 may be formed by using a metal part of the casing of the wearable device.
  • the radiator 211 may be arranged opposite to the PCB 220 , and the opposite arrangement may be understood to mean that the radiator 211 and the PCB 220 are arranged face to face.
  • the feeding unit 230 is electrically connected between the first end of the radiator 211 and the floor (eg, the metal layer 211 in the PCB 220).
  • the switch 240 is electrically connected between the second end of the radiator 211 and the floor.
  • the radiator 211 in the state can be regarded as corresponding to different antenna units, for example, including a first antenna unit and a second antenna unit.
  • the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit share the radiator 211.
  • the switch 240 is in the first switching state (eg, connected)
  • the second end of the radiator 211 and the metal layer 221 are in the first connection state (eg, electrical connection state)
  • the second end of the metal part is grounded through the first switch.
  • part or all of the metal part 211 serves as a radiator of the first antenna unit.
  • the first unit may be a left-handed antenna or a loop antenna.
  • the switch 240 When the switch 240 is in the second switching state (for example, turned off), the second end of the radiator 211 and the metal layer 221 are in the second connection state (for example, there is no connection between the second end of the metal portion 211 and the metal layer 221 , that is, no electrical connection is formed and electrical signals are not transmitted), the radiator 211 The second terminal is not grounded through the switch 240, and part or all of the radiator 211 serves as the radiator of the second antenna unit.
  • the second unit may be a monopole antenna.
  • the antenna 201 can be controlled to switch between the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit. Both the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit use the radiator 211 as a radiator to generate radiation. Because the directional patterns of the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit are complementary.
  • the switch 240 when the switch 240 switches between the first switch state and the second switch state, the mode difference between the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit is large (the first unit is a left-handed antenna Or a loop antenna, the second antenna unit is a monopole antenna). Therefore, in order to ensure that the antenna structure has good radiation characteristics, a switch 241 needs to be provided between the feed unit 230 and the radiator 211 to switch the different matching of the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit.
  • This application provides a wearable device, which may include an antenna.
  • the antenna has a simple structure and can switch patterns while ensuring its good radiation characteristics, thereby improving the anti-interference ability of the wearable device.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the common mode mode structure of a wire antenna provided by this application and the corresponding current and electric field distribution.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the differential mode structure of another linear antenna provided by the present application and the corresponding current and electric field distribution.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the common mode structure of a slot antenna provided by this application and the corresponding distribution of current, electric field, and magnetic current.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the differential mode structure of another slot antenna provided by this application and the corresponding distribution of current, electric field, and magnetic current.
  • FIG. 5 shows that the radiator of the wire antenna 40 is connected to the ground (for example, the floor, which may be a PCB) through the feeder line 42 .
  • the linear antenna 40 is connected to a feed unit (not shown) at the middle position 41, and adopts symmetrical feed.
  • the feeding unit may be connected to the middle position 41 of the line antenna 40 through the feeding line 42 .
  • symmetrical feeding can be understood as one end of the feeding unit is connected to the radiator and the other end is grounded.
  • the connection point (feeding point) between the feeding unit and the radiator is located at the center of the radiator.
  • the center of the radiator may be, for example, a collective structure.
  • the midpoint of the electrical length or the area within a certain range near the above midpoint).
  • the central position 41 of the wire antenna 40 may be the geometric center of the wire antenna, or the midpoint of the electrical length of the radiator, such as the connection point between the feed line 42 and the wire antenna 40 covering the central position 41 .
  • FIG. 5 shows the current and electric field distribution of the wire antenna 40.
  • the current is distributed symmetrically on both sides of the middle position 41 , for example, in opposite directions; the electric field is distributed in the same direction on both sides of the middle position 41 .
  • the currents at the feeder line 42 are distributed in the same direction. Based on the co-directional current distribution at the feed line 42, the feed shown in (a) in FIG. 5 can be called the CM feed of the wire antenna.
  • the line antenna mode shown in (b) in Figure 5 can be called the CM mode of the line antenna (also referred to as the CM mode for short).
  • the CM mode refers to the CM mode of the wire antenna).
  • the current and electric field shown in (b) in FIG. 5 can be respectively called the current and electric field of the CM mode of the wire antenna.
  • the current and electric field in the CM mode of the wire antenna are generated by the two branches (for example, two horizontal branches) of the wire antenna 40 on both sides of the central position 41 as antennas operating in the quarter-wavelength mode.
  • the current is strong at the middle position 41 of the line antenna 40 and weak at both ends of the line antenna 40 .
  • the electric field is weak at the middle position 41 of the line antenna 40 and is strong at both ends of the line antenna 40 .
  • the two radiators of the wire antenna 50 are connected to the ground (for example, the floor, which may be a PCB) through the feeder line 52 .
  • the wire antenna 50 is connected to the feed unit at the intermediate position 51 between the two radiators, and uses anti-symmetrical feed.
  • One end of the feed unit is connected to one of the radiators through a feed line 52
  • the other end of the feed unit is connected to the other of the radiators through a feed line 52 .
  • the intermediate position 51 may be the geometric center of the wire antenna, or the gap formed between the radiators.
  • center antisymmetric feeding mentioned in this application can be understood as the positive and negative poles of the feeding unit are respectively connected to two connection points near the above-mentioned midpoint of the radiator.
  • the signals output by the positive and negative poles of the feed unit have the same amplitude but opposite phases, for example, the phase difference is 180° ⁇ 10°.
  • FIG. 6 shows the current and electric field distribution of the wire antenna 50.
  • the current is distributed asymmetrically on both sides of the middle position 51 of the line antenna 50 , for example, in the same direction; the electric field is distributed in opposite directions on both sides of the middle position 51 .
  • the current at the feeder line 52 exhibits reverse distribution. Based on the reverse distribution of current at the feed line 52, this feed shown in (a) in Figure 6 can be called a wire antenna DM feed.
  • the line antenna mode shown in (b) in Figure 6 can be called the DM mode of the line antenna ( It can also be referred to as DM mode.
  • DM mode refers to the DM mode of the line antenna).
  • the current and electric field shown in (b) in FIG. 6 can be respectively called the current and electric field of the DM mode of the wire antenna.
  • the current and electric field of the DM mode of the wire antenna are generated by the entire wire antenna 50 as an antenna operating in the half-wavelength mode.
  • the current is strong at the middle position 51 of the line antenna 50 and weak at both ends of the line antenna 50 .
  • the electric field is weak at the middle position 51 of the line antenna 50 and is strong at both ends of the line antenna 50 .
  • the radiator of the linear antenna can be understood as a metal structural member that generates radiation.
  • the number may be one piece, as shown in Figure 5, or two pieces, as shown in Figure 6. The number may be based on actual conditions. The design or production needs to be adjusted.
  • two radiators can also be used as shown in Figure 6. The two ends of the two radiators are set opposite each other and separated by a gap, and a symmetrical feeding method is used at the two ends close to each other, for example If the same feed signal is fed into the two ends of the two radiators that are close to each other, an effect similar to the antenna structure shown in Figure 5 can also be obtained.
  • a radiator can also be used as shown in Figure 5.
  • Two feed points are set in the middle of the radiator and an anti-symmetrical feeding method is used.
  • symmetry on the radiator If two feed points feed signals with the same amplitude and opposite phases respectively, similar effects to the antenna structure shown in Figure 6 can also be obtained.
  • the slot antenna 60 shown in (a) of Figure 7 may be formed by having a hollow slot or slit 61 in the radiator of the slot antenna, or it may be that the radiator of the slot antenna is connected to the ground (for example, the floor).
  • PCB surrounds the groove or slot 61.
  • the groove 61 may be formed by cutting a groove in the floor.
  • An opening 62 is provided on one side of the groove 61, and the opening 62 can be specifically opened in the middle position of this side.
  • the middle position of this side of the slot 61 may be, for example, the geometric midpoint of the slot antenna, or the middle point of the electrical length of the radiator, for example, the area where the opening 62 is opened on the radiator covers the middle position of this side.
  • the opening 62 can be connected to a feeding unit, and anti-symmetrical feeding is adopted.
  • anti-symmetrical feeding can be understood as the positive and negative poles of the feeding unit are respectively connected to both ends of the radiator.
  • the signals output by the positive and negative poles of the feed unit have the same amplitude but opposite phases, for example, the phase difference is 180° ⁇ 10°.
  • FIG7(b) shows the distribution of current, electric field, and magnetic current of the slot antenna 60.
  • the current is distributed in the same direction around the slot 61 on the conductor (such as the floor, and/or the radiator 60) around the slot 61, the electric field is distributed in opposite directions on both sides of the middle position of the slot 61, and the magnetic current is distributed in opposite directions on both sides of the middle position of the slot 61.
  • the electric field at the opening 62 (for example, the feeding position) is in the same direction
  • the magnetic current at the opening 62 (for example, the feeding position) is in the same direction.
  • the feeding shown in FIG7(a) can be called the slot antenna CM feeding.
  • the slot antenna mode shown in FIG7(b) can be called the CM mode of the slot antenna (it can also be simply referred to as the CM mode, for example, for the slot antenna, the CM mode refers to the CM mode of the slot antenna).
  • the distribution of the electric field, current, and magnetic current shown in (b) of FIG. 7 may be referred to as the electric field, current, and magnetic current of the CM mode of the slot antenna.
  • the current and electric field in the CM mode of the slot antenna are generated by the slot antenna bodies on both sides of the middle position of the slot antenna 60 acting as antennas operating in the half-wavelength mode.
  • the magnetic field is weak at the middle position of the slot antenna 60 and strong at both ends of the slot antenna 60 .
  • the electric field is strong at the middle position of the slot antenna 60 and weak at both ends of the slot antenna 60 .
  • the slot antenna 70 shown in (a) of Figure 8 may be formed by having a hollow slot or slit 72 in the radiator of the slot antenna, or it may be that the radiator of the slot antenna is connected to the ground (for example, the floor).
  • PCB surrounds the groove or groove 72 and is formed.
  • the slot 72 may be formed by slotting in the floor.
  • the middle position 71 of the slot 72 is connected to the feeding unit, and symmetrical feeding is adopted. It should be understood that symmetrical feeding can be understood as one end of the feeding unit is connected to the radiator and the other end is grounded.
  • the connection point (feeding point) between the feeding unit and the radiator is located at the center of the radiator.
  • the center of the radiator may be, for example, a collective structure.
  • the midpoint of the electrical length (or the area within a certain range near the above midpoint).
  • the middle position of one side of the slot 72 is connected to the positive electrode of the feed unit, and the middle position of the other side of the slot 72 is connected to the negative electrode of the feed unit.
  • the middle position of the side of the slot 72 may be, for example, the middle position of the slot antenna 60/the middle position of the ground, such as the geometric midpoint of the slot antenna, or the midpoint of the electrical length of the radiator, such as the midpoint of the feed unit and the radiator.
  • the joint covers the middle position 51 of this side.
  • FIG. 8 shows the current, electric field, and magnetic current distribution of the slot antenna 70.
  • the current is distributed around the slot 72, and is distributed in opposite directions on both sides of the middle position of the slot 72.
  • the electric field is distributed in the same direction on both sides of the intermediate position 71
  • the magnetic current is distributed in the same direction on both sides of the intermediate position 71 .
  • the magnetic current at the feed unit is distributed in reverse direction (not shown). Based on the reverse distribution of magnetic current at the feeding unit, the feeding shown in (a) in Figure 8 can be called slot antenna DM feeding.
  • the slot antenna mode shown may be called the DM mode of the slot antenna (it may also be referred to as the DM mode for short, for example, for a slot antenna, the DM mode refers to the DM mode of the slot antenna).
  • the electric field, current, and magnetic current distribution shown in (b) of FIG. 8 can be called the electric field, current, and magnetic current of the DM mode of the slot antenna.
  • the current and electric field in the slot antenna's DM mode are generated by the entire slot antenna 70 acting as an antenna operating in a one-wavelength mode.
  • the current is weak at the middle position of the slot antenna 70 and strong at both ends of the slot antenna 70 .
  • the electric field is strong at the middle position of the slot antenna 70 and weak at both ends of the slot antenna 70 .
  • the radiator of the slot antenna can be understood as a metal structural member that generates radiation (for example, including a part of the floor), which may include an opening, as shown in Figure 7 , or may be a complete ring shape, as shown in Figure 8 display, which can be adjusted according to actual design or production needs.
  • a complete ring radiator can also be used as shown in Figure 8.
  • Two feed points are set in the middle of the radiator on one side of the slot 61 and an antisymmetric feeding method is used. , for example, by feeding signals with the same amplitude and opposite phase at both ends of the original opening position, an effect similar to the antenna structure shown in Figure 7 can also be obtained.
  • a radiator including an opening can also be used as shown in Figure 7, and a symmetrical feeding method is used at both ends of the opening position.
  • the two ends of the radiator on both sides of the opening are fed separately.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna 300 provided by an embodiment of the present application, which can be applied to the wearable device shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the antenna 300 includes a first radiator 310 , a second radiator 320 , a first electronic component 341 , a feeding unit 330 and a switch 340 .
  • the first radiator 310, the second radiator 320, the feeding unit 330 and the switch 340 may be disposed in the housing 10 of the wearable device shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the first radiator 310 , the second radiator 320 , the feeding unit 330 and the switch 340 may be disposed on the ear handle 2 of the wearable device shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the end of the first radiator 310 and the end of the second radiator 320 are opposite and not in contact with each other.
  • the second end of the first radiator 310 and the second end of the second radiator 320 are opposite and not in contact with each other, and the second end of the first radiator 310 and the second end of the second radiator 320 are It is an open end, which can be understood as the radiator is not connected to other conductors at the end.
  • the second end of the first radiator 310 and the second end of the second radiator 320 are opposite to each other for description.
  • the first end of the first radiator 310 includes a feed point 311 , and the feed unit 330 is electrically connected to the first radiator 310 at the feed point 311 .
  • the first end of the second radiator 320 includes a ground point 321 , and the switch 340 is electrically connected between the second radiator 320 and the floor 301 at the ground point 321 .
  • the first electronic component 341 is electrically connected between the switch 340 and the floor 301 .
  • the operating frequency band of the antenna 300 includes the first frequency band, and the antenna 300 generates the first directional pattern.
  • the switch 340 is in the second switching state, the operating frequency band of the antenna 300 includes the first frequency band, the antenna generates a second pattern, and the first pattern and the second pattern are complementary.
  • the switch 340 when the switch 340 is in the first switching state (eg, connected state), the first end of the second radiator 320 is connected to ground through the switch 340 .
  • the switch 340 when the switch 340 is in the second switching state (eg, off state), the first end of the second radiator 320 is not connected to ground through the switch 340 .
  • the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present application controls the electrical connection state between the first end of the second radiator 320 and the floor 301 by adjusting the electrical connection state of the switch 340, thereby changing the working mode of the antenna 300.
  • Different working modes enable switching of two complementary patterns.
  • the antenna 300 when the switch 340 is in the second switch state (eg, off state), the antenna 300 may serve as the first antenna unit, and the working mode of the antenna 300 is the CM mode of the wire antenna.
  • the switch 340 when the switch 340 is in the first switching state (eg, connected state), the antenna 300 may serve as the second antenna unit, and the operating mode of the antenna 300 is a hybrid mode including a CM mode and a DM mode of the slot antenna.
  • Both the resonance generated by the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit can support the wearable device to communicate in the first frequency band, using the first pattern generated by the CM mode of the first antenna unit and the mixed mode generated by the second antenna unit.
  • the complementary second pattern can realize switching of the antenna pattern.
  • no switch is provided between the feeding unit 330 and the first radiator 310 or between the feeding unit 330 and the floor 301 .
  • the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit are switched by adjusting the electrical connection state of the switch 340. Since the working modes of the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit are close, it is not necessary to Additional switches need to be set at the feeding unit 330 to switch the matching networks corresponding to the working modes of different antenna units (for example, series capacitance, parallel inductance between the feeding unit 330 and the first radiator 310), which can reduce the number of antenna 300 problems. The layout space occupied.
  • the introduction of the switch will not cause additional insertion loss, thereby damaging the radiation performance of the antenna.
  • the first end of the first radiator 310 cannot be understood in a narrow sense as necessarily being a point, but can also be considered as including an endpoint on the first radiator 310 (the endpoint of the first radiator 310 may be the first (any point on the edge of the radiator 310), for example, the first end can be considered to be the radiator within one-sixteenth of the first wavelength from the end point, or it can also be considered to be the distance from the first end point. Radiators within 2mm. The first end or the second end of the radiator in the embodiment of the present application can also be understood accordingly.
  • the first wavelength may be a wavelength corresponding to the first frequency band.
  • the first wavelength may be a wavelength corresponding to the resonance point in the first frequency band, or it may also be a wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the first frequency band.
  • the antenna 300 may be disposed on the ear stem 2 of the wearable device shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the distance between the first radiator 310 and the earplug part 1 of the wearable device shown in FIG. 1 is smaller than the distance between the second radiator 320 and the earplug part 1 .
  • the first radiator 310 may be disposed in a region of the ear stem 2 close to the earplug part 1.
  • the first radiator 310 may be used as a main radiator (provided with a feed point), using metal components in the earplug part 1 that are electrically connected to the floor 301. Radiation is generated to improve the radiation characteristics of the antenna 300.
  • the floor 301 can be the metal layer 351 of the PCB 350 in the wearable device, and the metal layer 351 serves as the floor of the antenna, or a conductor electrically connected to the metal layer 351 can also serve as the floor of the antenna.
  • the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 may be in sheet shape.
  • the metal layer 351 may be connected to the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 are arranged opposite to each other (face to face).
  • the feeding unit 330 and the switch 340 may be disposed on the same substrate (for example, PCB 350), or may be disposed on two or more different substrates according to layout requirements, for example, disposed on different substrates.
  • PCB 350 for example, PCB 350
  • FPC flexible printed circuit
  • the distance between the first radiator 310 and the floor 301 is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm and less than or equal to 3 mm. In one embodiment, the distance between the first radiator 310 and the floor 301 may be 1.6 mm.
  • the distance between the first radiator 310 and the floor 301 can be understood as the minimum value of the line segment distance between a point on the first radiator 310 and a point on the floor 301, or it can be understood as the minimum value of the line segment distance between the first radiator 310 and the floor.
  • 301 in the first direction, and the first direction may be a direction perpendicular to the plane where the first radiator 310 is located (for example, the z direction).
  • the distance between the end (second end) of the first radiator 310 and the end (second end) of the second radiator 320 that are oppositely arranged is less than or equal to 1 mm. In one embodiment, the distance between the end (second end) of the first radiator 310 and the end (second end) of the second radiator 320 may be 0.6 mm. The distance between the end (second end) of the first radiator 310 and the end (second end) of the second radiator 320 can be understood as the end (second end) of the first radiator 310 and the second end of the second radiator 320 . The width of the gap formed between the ends (second ends) of the radiator 320.
  • the length L1 of the first radiator 310 and the length L2 of the second radiator 320 satisfy: L1 ⁇ 60% ⁇ L2, or L2 ⁇ 60% ⁇ L1.
  • the electrical length of the first radiator 310 and the electrical length of the second radiator 320 may be the same (for example, the electrical lengths differ by ⁇ 10%). Due to the spatial layout inside the wearable device, the electrical length of the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 can be adjusted by Electronic components (such as capacitors or inductors) are placed between the radiator and the floor to shorten the physical length of the radiator while maintaining the same electrical length.
  • first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 may be arranged in parallel. In one embodiment, the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 may be arranged along the same straight line, and the projections of the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 on the plane of the floor are arranged along the same straight line.
  • the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 may be arranged in a staggered manner, and the projections of the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 on the plane of the floor are parallel to each other in the first direction, and The spacing in the second direction, where the first direction is the extension direction of the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 (for example, the y direction), and the second direction (for example, the x direction) is perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the projections of the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 on the plane of the floor are parallel to each other in the first direction, and the distance in the second direction is less than a quarter of the first wavelength.
  • One wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the first frequency band, or it can also be considered that the interval in the second direction is less than 5 mm.
  • the first frequency band includes the Bluetooth frequency band (2.4-2.485GHz).
  • first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 when they are disposed or formed on the inner surface of the housing, they may be disposed on the wearable device through patch or laser direct-structuring (LDS) technology.
  • LDS laser direct-structuring
  • the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 can pass through a metal layer or metal patch, such as floating metal. FLM), FPC, internal conductive/structural parts or PCB board-mounted, etc., this application does not limit this.
  • the switch 340 can be a single-pole single-throw switch, or other types of switches, such as a single-pole double-throw switch, a single-pole four-throw switch or a four-pole single-throw switch, which can also achieve the same technical effect, or can also be It may be other types of components, such as a variable capacitor (adjustable capacitor), and the electrical connection state between the metal layer 351 and the second radiator 320 is switched through changes in the capacitance value of the variable capacitor.
  • the variable capacitor may include a first capacitance state and a second capacitance state, respectively corresponding to the first switching state and the second switching state of the switch 340.
  • the first capacitance state corresponds to the first capacitance value
  • the second capacitance state corresponds to The second capacitor value
  • the settings of the first capacitance value and the second capacitance value are related to the operating frequency of the antenna structure.
  • the Bluetooth frequency band 2.4-2.485 GHz
  • the first capacitance value of the variable capacitor in the first capacitance state is less than or equal to 0.2 pF
  • the second capacitance value of the variable capacitor in the second capacitance state is greater than or equal to 10 pF, it can be considered that the first end of the second radiator 320 is electrically connected to the metal layer 351 .
  • the capacitance value corresponding to the electrical connection state (disconnected or connected) between the metal layer 351 and the second radiator 320 is different. Therefore, for other frequency bands, the capacitance value of the variable capacitor can also be adjusted. To achieve the same effect, this application does not limit this.
  • a variable capacitor is a variable capacitor whose capacitance can be adjusted within a certain range.
  • the formula for calculating the capacitance value of a capacitor is as follows:
  • ⁇ is the dielectric constant between the two plates
  • ⁇ is the absolute dielectric constant in vacuum
  • k is the electrostatic force constant
  • S is the area facing the two plates
  • d is the vertical distance between the two plates.
  • the principle of a variable capacitor is generally to change the capacitance value accordingly by changing the facing area of the two plates of the capacitor or the vertical distance between the two plates.
  • Figure 11 is the S parameters of the antenna shown in Figure 9.
  • the switch when the switch is in the second switching state (for example, off state), the first end of the second radiator is not grounded through the switch, and the antenna can serve as the first antenna unit, utilizing the CM of the first antenna unit. Modes can create a resonance.
  • the switch When the switch is in the first switching state (eg, connected state), the first end of the second radiator is grounded through the switch, and the antenna can serve as the second antenna unit. Because the electrical length of the radiator is determined by a resonant frequency point generated by the first antenna unit when the switch is in the second switching state.
  • the boundary conditions of the mixed mode of the slot antenna's CM mode and DM mode cannot be met. Only one resonance can be generated, and the working mode is similar.
  • the CM mode of the first antenna unit in this case, the second pattern generated by the second antenna unit is similar to the first pattern generated by the first antenna unit, and the first pattern and the second pattern are not complementary, Unable to switch direction patterns.
  • the electronic component When the electronic component is electrically connected between the switch and the radiator, different values (capacitance value or inductance value) of the electronic component can be used (the embodiment of this application uses the electronic component as an inductor and the inductance value is 2.2nH as an example for illustration) , adjust the electrical length of the radiator to excite the CM mode and the DM mode, which can produce two resonances (the low-frequency resonance can correspond to the CM mode, and the high-frequency resonance can correspond to the DM mode).
  • the second pattern generated by the second antenna unit is complementary to the first pattern generated by the first antenna unit, and switching of the patterns can be achieved.
  • FIG. 12 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna shown in FIG. 9 .
  • FIG. 12 it is a current distribution diagram of the first antenna unit when the switch is in the second switching state (for example, off state) and the first end of the second radiator is not connected to ground through the switch. In the current path, the current is not reversed and can correspond to a half-wavelength mode.
  • the switch when the switch is in the first switching state (for example, connected state), the first end of the second radiator is grounded through the switch, and the current of the second antenna unit in the CM mode of the slot antenna Distribution. In the current path, the current is not reversed and can correspond to a half-wavelength mode.
  • Figures 13 and 14 are simulation results of the antenna shown in Figure 9. Among them, Figure 13 is the simulation result of the S parameters and system efficiency of the antenna shown in Figure 9. Figure 14 is a directional diagram of the antenna shown in Figure 9 in the yoz plane.
  • the resonances generated by the CM mode and DM mode of the slot antenna can be brought close to each other to form a resonant frequency band.
  • the working frequency band of the first antenna unit and the working frequency band of the second antenna unit both include the Bluetooth frequency band (2.4-2.485GHz).
  • the embodiment of this application only uses its corresponding working mode as a slot antenna. Take the CM mode as an example to illustrate.
  • the system efficiency of the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit is roughly the same and flat within the operating frequency band, meeting the basic communication needs of the antenna in the Bluetooth band.
  • the zero points of the pattern generated by the first antenna unit are located in directions of approximately 60° and 120°.
  • the nulls of the pattern generated by the second antenna element are located in directions of approximately 95° and 70°.
  • the pattern produced by the first antenna element and the pattern produced by the second antenna element are complementary.
  • Figures 15 and 16 are the direction diagrams of the antenna shown in Figure 9 under the human head model and the human body model respectively.
  • Figures 15 and 16 show the direction diagrams corresponding to different viewing angles when the wearable device is worn on the left ear of the model at 2.44GHz.
  • FIG 17 is a schematic diagram of yet another antenna 300 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the antenna 300 may further include a neutralizing line 360 , the first end of the neutralizing line 360 is electrically connected to the first radiator 310 at the first position 361 , and the second end of the neutralizing line 360 is electrically connected to the second radiator at the second position 362 .
  • Body 320 is electrically connected.
  • the antenna 300 shown in FIG. 17 differs from the antenna 300 shown in FIG. 9 only in that the neutralization line 360 is electrically connected between the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 .
  • the antenna 300 Since multiple electronic components are disposed in the space inside the wearable device, the antenna 300 will be affected, and therefore the coupling between the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 may be affected.
  • the CM mode and DM mode of the second antenna unit can be controlled by adjusting the first electronic component 341 electrically connected between the switch 340 and the floor 301 The difference in frequency between the resonances is such that the resonance frequency band generated includes the first frequency band.
  • the resonant points where the CM mode and DM mode of the second antenna unit resonate are respectively located on both sides of the first frequency band, and it is impossible to adjust the first electron
  • the element 341 controls the difference in frequency between the CM mode and DM mode resonance of the second antenna unit, so that the resonance frequency band it generates includes the first frequency band.
  • the electrical length of the neutralization line 360 can be controlled to prevent the second radiator 320 from being transmitted by the neutralization line 360.
  • the phase between the electrical signal and the spatially coupled electrical signal on the second radiator 320 is opposite (for example, the phase difference is 180°), and the two can cancel each other to reduce the difference between the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 . coupling between.
  • the distance between the first position 361 and the feed point 311 is less than one-sixteenth of the first wavelength, and/or the distance between the second position 362 and the ground point 321 is less than the first wavelength.
  • One-sixteenth of , the first wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the first frequency band.
  • the distance between the first position 361 and the feed point 311 is less than 3 mm, and/or the distance between the second position 362 and the ground point 321 is less than 3 mm.
  • neutralization line 360 may also include a slit.
  • the second electronic component 342 of the antenna 300 may be electrically connected between the neutral lines on both sides of the gap.
  • the electrical length of the neutralizing line 360 can be controlled by adjusting the second electronic component 342, so that the electrical signal transmitted by the neutralizing line 360 on the second radiator 320 and the electrical signal coupled by space on the second radiator 320 can be adjusted.
  • the phases are opposite (for example, the phase difference is 180°) and cancel each other out.
  • the second electronic component 342 may be an inductor, and the inductance value may be greater than or equal to 5nH. It should be understood that the inductance value of the second electronic component 342 can be adjusted according to the actual design, and this application does not limit this.
  • FIG. 18 shows the isolation degree between the first radiator and the second radiator in the antenna shown in FIG. 17 .
  • Figure 19 is the simulation result of the antenna shown in Figure 17.
  • the embodiment of the present application only takes the second electronic component 342 as an inductor and the inductance value as 5nH as an example. It should be noted that in actual applications, it can be adjusted according to the design, and this application does not limit this.
  • the neutralization line 360 is electrically connected between the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320, the isolation between the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 is in the Bluetooth frequency band (2.4- A pit appears near 2.485GHz). Therefore, within the Bluetooth frequency band, good isolation can be maintained between the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 .
  • the frequency difference between the CM mode and DM mode resonance of the second antenna unit can be reduced,
  • the resonance generated by the two can form a resonance frequency band, which includes the Bluetooth frequency band (2.4-2.485GHz).
  • Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of yet another antenna 300 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the antenna 300 may further include a third electronic component 343 , and the third electronic component 343 may be electrically connected between the ends of the first radiator 310 and the end of the second radiator 320 that are oppositely arranged (for example, , electrically connected between the second end of the first radiator 310 and the second end of the second radiator 320).
  • the third electronic component 343 can be controlled so that the electrical signal transmitted by the third electronic component 343 on the second radiator 320 and the electrical signal coupled by space on the second radiator 320
  • the phases are opposite (for example, the phase difference is 180°), and the two can cancel each other to reduce the coupling between the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 .
  • the third electronic component 343 is an inductor, and the inductance value is greater than or equal to 10 nH. It should be understood that the inductance value of the third electronic component 343 can be adjusted according to the actual design, and this application does not limit this.
  • FIG. 21 and Figure 22 are the simulation results of the antenna shown in Figure 20 respectively. Among them, FIG. 21 shows the isolation between the first radiator and the second radiator in the antenna shown in FIG. 20 .
  • Figure 22 is the simulation result of the antenna shown in Figure 20.
  • the embodiment of the present application only takes the third electronic component 343 as an inductor and the inductance value is 24 nH as an example for description. In actual applications, it can be adjusted according to the design, and this application does not Make restrictions.
  • the isolation between the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 is in the Bluetooth frequency band (2.4 -2.485GHz). Therefore, within the Bluetooth frequency band, good isolation can be maintained between the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 .
  • the frequency difference between the CM mode and DM mode resonance of the second antenna unit can be reduced,
  • the resonance generated by the two can form a resonance frequency band, which includes the Bluetooth frequency band (2.4-2.485GHz).
  • the open end (second end) of the first radiator and the open end (second end) of the second radiator are close to each other, and the ground end of the first radiator (electrically connected to the feeding unit) (one end) and the ground end of the second radiator (the end electrically connected to the switch) are far away from each other as an example.
  • the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application can also be applied to other layout methods of dual radiators. In the following embodiments Kay General will explain.
  • Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of yet another antenna 300 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the end portions of the first radiator 310 and the end portions of the second radiator 320 are opposite and do not contact each other.
  • the first end of the first radiator 310 and the second end of the second radiator 320 are opposite and not in contact with each other.
  • the second end of the first radiator 310 and the second end of the second radiator 320 are open ends.
  • the first end of the first radiator 310 includes a feed point, and the feed unit 330 is electrically connected to the first radiator 310 at the feed point.
  • the first end of the second radiator 320 includes a ground point, and the switch 340 is electrically connected between the second radiator 320 and the floor 301 at the ground point.
  • the first electronic component 341 is electrically connected between the switch 340 and the floor 301 .
  • the antenna 300 shown in FIG. 23 differs from the antenna 300 shown in FIG. 17 only in the layout of the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 .
  • the open end (second end) of the first radiator and the open end (second end) of the second radiator are close to each other, and the ground end of the first radiator (electrically connected to the feeding unit) The end connected) and the ground end of the second radiator (the end electrically connected to the switch) are away from each other.
  • the ground end of the first radiator and the open end of the second radiator are close to each other.
  • Figure 24 is a simulation result of the system efficiency of the antenna shown in Figure 23.
  • the two resonances generated by the mixed working mode of the second antenna unit can be close to each other to form a resonant frequency band.
  • the working frequency band of the first antenna unit and the working frequency band of the second antenna unit both include the Bluetooth frequency band (2.4-2.485GHz).
  • the system efficiency of the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit is roughly the same and flat within the operating frequency band, meeting the basic communication needs of the antenna in the Bluetooth band.
  • Figures 25 and 26 are simulation results of the antenna shown in Figure 23.
  • Fig. 25 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna shown in Fig. 23.
  • Fig. 26 is a directional diagram of the antenna shown in Fig. 23.
  • the first pattern generated by the first antenna unit and the second pattern generated by the second antenna unit are complementary.
  • the antenna can switch the first pattern and the second pattern through the switch to improve the performance of the wearable device. performance.
  • Figure 27 is a schematic diagram of yet another antenna 300 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the end portions of the first radiator 310 and the end portions of the second radiator 320 are opposite and do not contact each other.
  • the second end of the first radiator 310 is opposite to the first end of the second radiator 320 and does not contact each other.
  • the second end of the first radiator 310 and the second end of the second radiator 320 are open ends.
  • the first end of the first radiator 310 includes a feed point, and the feed unit 330 is electrically connected to the first radiator 310 at the feed point.
  • the first end of the second radiator 320 includes a ground point, and the switch 340 is electrically connected between the second radiator 320 and the floor 301 at the ground point.
  • the first electronic component 341 is electrically connected between the switch 340 and the floor 301 .
  • the antenna 300 shown in FIG. 27 differs from the antenna 300 shown in FIG. 17 only in the layout of the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 .
  • the open end (second end) of the first radiator and the open end (second end) of the second radiator are close to each other, and the ground end of the first radiator (electrically connected to the feeding unit) The end connected) and the ground end of the second radiator (the end electrically connected to the switch) are away from each other.
  • the open end of the first radiator and the ground end of the second radiator are close to each other.
  • Figure 28 is a simulation result of the system efficiency of the antenna shown in Figure 27.
  • the value can make the two resonances generated by the mixed working mode of the second antenna unit (the working mode of the slot antenna and the working mode of the wire antenna) close to each other, forming a resonance. frequency band.
  • the working frequency band of the first antenna unit and the working frequency band of the second antenna unit both include the Bluetooth frequency band (2.4-2.485GHz).
  • the system efficiency of the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit is roughly the same and flat within the operating frequency band, meeting the basic communication needs of the antenna in the Bluetooth band.
  • Figures 29 and 30 are simulation results of the antenna shown in Figure 27.
  • Fig. 29 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna shown in Fig. 27.
  • Figure 30 is a directional diagram of the antenna shown in Figure 27.
  • the first pattern generated by the first antenna unit and the second pattern generated by the second antenna unit are complementary.
  • the antenna can switch the first pattern and the second pattern through the switch to improve the performance of the wearable device. performance.
  • Figure 31 is a schematic diagram of yet another antenna 300 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the end portions of the first radiator 310 and the end portions of the second radiator 320 are opposite and do not contact each other.
  • the first end of the first radiator 310 and the first end of the second radiator 320 are opposite and not in contact with each other.
  • the second end of the first radiator 310 and the second end of the second radiator 320 are open ends.
  • the first end of the first radiator 310 includes a feeding point, and the feeding unit 330 is at the feeding point. is electrically connected to the first radiator 310 .
  • the first end of the second radiator 320 includes a ground point, and the switch 340 is electrically connected between the second radiator 320 and the floor 301 at the ground point.
  • the first electronic component 341 is electrically connected between the switch 340 and the floor 301 .
  • the antenna 300 shown in FIG. 31 differs from the antenna 300 shown in FIG. 9 only in the layout of the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 .
  • the open end (second end) of the first radiator and the open end (second end) of the second radiator are close to each other, and the ground end of the first radiator (electrically connected to the feeding unit) The end connected) and the ground end of the second radiator (the end electrically connected to the switch) are away from each other.
  • the ground terminal of the first radiator and the ground terminal of the second radiator are close to each other.
  • Figure 32 is a simulation result of the system efficiency of the antenna shown in Figure 31.
  • the two resonances generated by the DM mode of the wire antenna of the second antenna unit can be brought close to each other to form a resonant frequency band.
  • the working frequency band of the first antenna unit and the working frequency band of the second antenna unit both include the Bluetooth frequency band (2.4-2.485GHz).
  • the system efficiency of the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit is roughly the same and flat within the operating frequency band, meeting the basic communication needs of the antenna in the Bluetooth band.
  • Figures 33 and 34 are simulation results of the antenna shown in Figure 31.
  • Fig. 33 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna shown in Fig. 31.
  • Fig. 34 is a directional diagram of the antenna shown in Fig. 31.
  • the switch when the switch is in the second switching state (for example, off state), the first end of the second radiator is not grounded through the switch, and the first antenna unit is in the CM mode of the line antenna.
  • Current distribution diagram In the current path, the current is not reversed and can correspond to a half-wavelength mode.
  • the first pattern generated by the first antenna unit at 2.44GHz is shown in (a) in Figure 34.
  • the switch when the switch is in the first switching state (for example, connected state), the first end of the second radiator is grounded through the switch, and the current distribution of the DM mode of the second antenna unit is in the online antenna. picture. In the current path, the current is not reversed and can correspond to the half-wavelength mode.
  • the first pattern generated by the second antenna unit at 2.44GHz is shown in (b) in Figure 34.
  • the first pattern generated by the first antenna unit and the second pattern generated by the second antenna unit are complementary.
  • the antenna can switch the first pattern and the second pattern through the switch to improve the performance of the wearable device. performance.
  • the present application provides a wearable device, which may include an antenna, and the antenna may be designed to be arranged in a housing of the wearable device.
  • the working frequency of the antenna can support the communication connection between the wearable device and another electronic device, whether the electronic device connected to the wearable device is in a bag, pocket, or the user is at an airport, etc. where signal interference is strong
  • a stable communication connection between the wearable device and the electronic device can be achieved.
  • a wearable device with this antenna structure can achieve stable signal connection by switching the switch of the antenna structure.
  • the communication connection may be a Bluetooth connection.
  • Figures 35 and 36 are another wearable device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present application can be applied to wearable devices other than TWS headsets, such as smart watches or smart glasses.
  • the antenna structure in the above embodiment can be applied to smart watches.
  • This application does not limit the specific location of the antenna structure and is only used as an example.
  • the radiator of the antenna can be set in the bezel
  • the PCB can be set in the space surrounded by the metal shell
  • the feed unit can be set on the PCB
  • the switch can also be set on the PCB.
  • Its design position can be as shown in Figure 35
  • the radiator of the antenna can also be arranged on the inner surface of the casing of the smart watch.
  • the antenna structure can be designed using the temples of smart glasses, and its design position is as shown in the figure, or it can be designed using the frame design of smart glasses, or it can be adjusted according to actual production design requirements.
  • antenna radiators can be set in the inner space of the temples or frames of smart glasses
  • the PCB can be set in the temples
  • the feed unit can be set on the PCB
  • the switch can also be set on the PCB. Its design position is shown in Figure 36 shown.
  • the disclosed systems, devices and methods can be implemented in other ways.
  • the device embodiments described above are only illustrative.
  • the division of the units is only a logical function division.
  • multiple units or components may be combined or can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored, or not implemented.
  • the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may therefore, through some interfaces, the indirect coupling or communication connection of the devices or units may be in electrical or other forms.

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  • Support Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

La présente demande concerne un dispositif habitronique, comprenant une antenne dont le diagramme peut être commuté, améliorant ainsi la capacité anti-interférence du dispositif habitronique. Le dispositif habitronique comprend : un boîtier, une antenne et un fond. L'antenne comprend une unité d'alimentation, un commutateur, un premier élément électronique, un premier radiateur et un second radiateur, qui sont agencés dans le boîtier. La partie d'extrémité du premier radiateur et la partie d'extrémité du second radiateur sont opposées l'une à l'autre sans contact l'une avec l'autre. La première extrémité du premier radiateur comprend un point d'alimentation, l'unité d'alimentation étant connectée électriquement au premier radiateur au niveau du point d'alimentation. La première extrémité du second radiateur comprend un point de mise à la terre, le commutateur étant connecté électriquement entre le second radiateur et le fond au niveau du point de mise à la terre. Le premier élément électronique est connecté électriquement entre le commutateur et le fond.
PCT/CN2023/116944 2022-09-14 2023-09-05 Dispositif habitronique WO2024055868A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202211114401.0A CN117748098A (zh) 2022-09-14 2022-09-14 一种可穿戴设备
CN202211114401.0 2022-09-14

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WO2024055868A1 true WO2024055868A1 (fr) 2024-03-21

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109449569A (zh) * 2018-09-30 2019-03-08 维沃移动通信有限公司 一种天线单元及终端设备
WO2020005477A1 (fr) * 2018-06-29 2020-01-02 Google Llc Dispositifs portables dotés d'antennes plaquées sur des matériaux de boîtier à haute permittivité
CN113140889A (zh) * 2020-01-20 2021-07-20 启碁科技股份有限公司 移动装置
CN213905595U (zh) * 2021-01-29 2021-08-06 维沃移动通信有限公司 电子设备
CN113708093A (zh) * 2020-05-22 2021-11-26 北京小米移动软件有限公司 天线结构和电子设备

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020005477A1 (fr) * 2018-06-29 2020-01-02 Google Llc Dispositifs portables dotés d'antennes plaquées sur des matériaux de boîtier à haute permittivité
CN109449569A (zh) * 2018-09-30 2019-03-08 维沃移动通信有限公司 一种天线单元及终端设备
CN113140889A (zh) * 2020-01-20 2021-07-20 启碁科技股份有限公司 移动装置
CN113708093A (zh) * 2020-05-22 2021-11-26 北京小米移动软件有限公司 天线结构和电子设备
CN213905595U (zh) * 2021-01-29 2021-08-06 维沃移动通信有限公司 电子设备

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