WO2024055724A1 - 一种电极组件和电池 - Google Patents

一种电极组件和电池 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024055724A1
WO2024055724A1 PCT/CN2023/105436 CN2023105436W WO2024055724A1 WO 2024055724 A1 WO2024055724 A1 WO 2024055724A1 CN 2023105436 W CN2023105436 W CN 2023105436W WO 2024055724 A1 WO2024055724 A1 WO 2024055724A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pole piece
protective layer
electrode assembly
projection
current collector
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/105436
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐腾飞
杨赛男
谢继春
Original Assignee
珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 filed Critical 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司
Publication of WO2024055724A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024055724A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to an electrode assembly and a battery, and to the technical field of secondary batteries.
  • the middle-mounted tab structure means that the tabs are placed at positions other than the two ends of the pole piece. Changing the tab position helps to optimize the current density distribution on the pole piece during the charging and discharging process, thereby improving the battery's fast charging capability. In response to the market's requirements for fast charging performance of secondary batteries, the mid-lug structure has also been widely used.
  • the battery includes a positive electrode piece and a negative electrode piece.
  • the area of the positive electrode tab on the positive electrode piece is provided with a protective layer, and the area corresponding to the negative electrode piece and the positive electrode tab is also provided with a protective layer to achieve double protection of the positive electrode tab.
  • the position tolerance between the protective layers set on the positive electrode piece and the negative electrode piece is large. After the electrode pieces are assembled, they need to be adjusted, which affects the yield and utilization rate of the battery; Some researchers have increased the size of the protective layer to compensate for the positional tolerance between the protective layers. However, a larger protective layer will also affect the electrochemical reaction between the pole pieces, thereby affecting the energy density of the battery.
  • the present application provides an electrode assembly for improving the design of the protective layer on the positive electrode piece and the negative electrode piece. It can improve the placement accuracy, improve the battery yield and utilization rate, and reduce the impact of the protective layer on the battery energy density as much as possible.
  • This application also provides a battery, including the above-mentioned electrode assembly.
  • a first aspect of the present application provides an electrode assembly.
  • the electrode assembly includes a first pole piece, a separator and a second pole piece.
  • the separator is compounded on both surfaces of the first pole piece.
  • the diaphragm extends from the edge of the first pole piece, the diaphragms located outside the edge of the first pole piece are combined into one, and the second pole piece is located on the side of the diaphragm away from the first pole piece. one side;
  • the first pole piece includes a first current collector and a first tab, the first tab includes a first area and a second area, the first area is connected to the first current collector, and the second The region extends outward along the Y2 direction of the first pole piece to the outside of the first current collector;
  • a first protective layer is provided on the surface of the first pole piece, and in the projection plane composed of the X1 direction and the Y1 direction of the electrode assembly, the first protective layer covers the orthographic projection of the projection plane.
  • a second protective layer is provided on the surface of the diaphragm away from the first pole piece, and the orthographic projection of the second protective layer on the projection plane covers the orthogonal projection of the first protective layer on the projection plane. projection.
  • the diaphragm extends out of the edge of the first pole piece, and the diaphragms located outside the edge of the first pole piece are combined into one body.
  • the area of the orthographic projection of the first protective layer on the projection plane is S1
  • the area of the orthographic projection of the second protective layer on the projection plane is S2, 1.0 ⁇ S2/ S1 ⁇ 1.8.
  • the length of the orthographic projection of the first protective layer on the projection plane is L1
  • the length of the orthographic projection of the second protective layer on the projection plane is L2, L2-L1 ⁇ 1mm.
  • the second pole piece includes a second current collector and a second pole tab
  • the second pole tab includes a third region and a fourth region
  • the third region is connected to the second pole piece.
  • the surface of the current collector is connected, and the fourth region extends outward along the Y2 direction of the second pole piece to the outside of the second current collector;
  • a third protective layer is provided on the surface of the second pole piece, and the orthographic projection of the third protective layer on the projection plane covers the orthographic projection of the third region on the projection plane.
  • the surface of the first pole piece is further provided with a fourth protective layer, and the orthographic projection of the fourth protective layer on the projection plane covers the orthographic projection of the third region on the projection plane.
  • the first protective layer includes a first surface and a second surface, the first surface is located close to the first pole piece, and the second surface is located away from the first pole piece. pole piece side;
  • the first surface is bonded to the first pole piece, and the second surface is bonded to the separator.
  • the fourth protective layer includes a first surface and a second surface, the first surface is located close to the first pole piece, and the second surface is located away from the first pole piece. pole piece side;
  • the first surface is bonded to the first pole piece, and the second surface is bonded to the separator.
  • the second pole piece further includes a second active material layer, and the second active material layer is disposed on at least one surface of the second current collector;
  • a fifth protective layer is provided on the surface of the second pole piece.
  • the fifth protective layer is provided on at least part of the surface of the second active material layer away from the second current collector and extends to part of the surface of the second current collector. .
  • the first protective layer is adhesive paper or an insulating coating
  • the second protective layer is adhesive paper or an insulating coating.
  • a second aspect of the present application provides a battery, comprising any of the electrode assemblies described above.
  • This application solves the problem by arranging the protective layer on the second pole piece on the surface of the diaphragm away from the first pole piece and compounding the diaphragm and the first pole piece on the basis of achieving double protection of the tabs by the protective layer. It solves the problem of large position tolerance of the protective layer on pole pieces of different polarities, avoids the impact of preparation accuracy on the position of the protective layer, and improves the preparation yield and utilization rate of the battery; in addition, the protective layer provided by this application does not require The large size effectively avoids the impact of the protective layer on the battery energy density.
  • Figure 1 is a top view of an electrode assembly provided by the prior art
  • Figure 2 is a front view of an electrode assembly provided by the prior art
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode assembly provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a front view of a negative electrode piece provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a top view of the negative electrode current collector and the negative electrode tab provided by one embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the negative electrode plate and separator provided by one embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is a front view of a positive electrode plate provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a top view of a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode tab according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG 1-2 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode assembly provided by the prior art.
  • the electrode assembly includes a positive electrode piece 100, a separator 300 and a negative electrode piece 200 that are stacked and rolled in sequence.
  • the positive electrode piece 100 and the negative electrode piece 200 include active materials, which provide capacity for the battery through electrochemical reactions between the active materials.
  • the separator 300 is located between the positive electrode piece 100 and the negative electrode piece 200 to prevent the two from contacting and causing a short circuit; the positive electrode
  • the pole piece 100 includes a positive pole tab 400, and the negative pole piece 200 includes a negative pole tab 500.
  • the positive pole tab 400 and the negative pole tab 500 are arranged at positions other than the two ends of the pole piece, that is, in the middle of the pole piece, along the pole piece x2 direction (length direction), active material layers are provided on the left and right sides of the tabs; and the areas of the positive electrode piece 100 and the negative electrode piece 200 close to the tabs are provided with protective layers 600 to prevent burrs on the tabs.
  • the diaphragm 300 is pierced to achieve double protection of the tabs.
  • the positive electrode tab 100 and the negative electrode tab 200 are respectively prepared, and the positive electrode tab 400 and the negative electrode tab 500 are connected at corresponding positions. Then, the positive electrode tab 100 and the negative electrode tab 200 are connected.
  • a protective layer 600 is provided at the corresponding position, and finally, it is laminated with the separator 300 and wound to obtain an electrode assembly; however, due to the influence of equipment precision, when the positive electrode piece 100 and the negative electrode piece 200 are rolled and formed, the protective layer 600 is disposed on the surface of both. There is a large positional tolerance between them, which needs to be adjusted, affecting the yield and utilization rate of the battery.
  • the protective layer 600 By increasing the area of the protective layer 600 disposed on the positive electrode piece 100, it can be achieved to a certain extent.
  • the protective layer 600 is generally an insulating material.
  • the protective layer 600 provided on the positive electrode piece 100 is usually It can prevent the escape of ions in the area covered by it. As the coverage area of the protective layer 600 increases, it will inevitably affect the energy density of the battery.
  • the first aspect of the present application provides an electrode assembly, which includes a first pole piece, a separator and a second pole piece.
  • the separator is compounded on both surfaces of the first pole piece, along the first pole piece.
  • the diaphragm extends out of the edge of the first pole piece, and the diaphragms located outside the edge of the first pole piece are combined into one body.
  • the second pole piece is located away from the diaphragm and away from the first pole piece. one side of the piece;
  • the first pole piece includes a first current collector and a first tab, the first tab includes a first area and a second area, the first area is connected to the first current collector, and the second The region extends outward along the Y2 direction of the first pole piece to the outside of the first current collector;
  • a first protective layer is provided on the surface of the first pole piece, and in the projection plane composed of the X1 direction and the Y1 direction of the electrode assembly, the first protective layer covers the orthographic projection of the projection plane.
  • a second protective layer is provided on the surface of the diaphragm away from the first pole piece, and the orthographic projection of the second protective layer on the projection plane covers the orthogonal projection of the first protective layer on the projection plane. projection.
  • the projection plane referred to in this application refers to the plane composed of the x1 direction (length) and the y1 direction (width) of the electrode assembly.
  • the orthographic projection refers to the parallel projection line perpendicular to the projection plane, that is, the first protective layer covers the first tab.
  • the second protective layer covers the first protective layer, and the first protective layer and the second protective layer achieve double protection of the first tab.
  • the first pole piece is the negative pole piece
  • the second pole piece is the positive pole piece.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode assembly provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 3, the electrode assembly includes a positive electrode piece 100, a separator 300 and a negative electrode piece 200. The separator 300 is combined with the negative electrode piece 200. The two surfaces of the negative electrode piece 200 extend out from the edge of the negative electrode piece 200 along the 200 is wrapped inside, and the positive electrode piece 100 is located on the side of the separator 300 away from the negative electrode piece 200 .
  • Figure 4 is a front view of the negative electrode tab provided by one embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a top view of the negative electrode current collector and negative electrode tab provided by one embodiment of the present application.
  • the negative electrode tab 200 includes Negative electrode current collector 201, negative electrode active material layer 202 and negative electrode tab 500, wherein the negative electrode current collector 201 is a sheet metal conductor with two opposite surfaces, and the negative electrode active material layer 202 is disposed on at least one of the negative electrode current collector 201 On the surface, the negative electrode tab 500 is located at the position other than the two ends of the negative electrode tab 200, that is, in the x2 direction (length direction) of the negative electrode tab, the negative electrode active material layer 202 is provided on both sides of the negative electrode tab 500.
  • the ear 500 includes a first region a and a second region b.
  • the first region a is connected to the negative electrode current collector 201
  • the second region b extends outward along the negative electrode plate y2 direction (width direction) to the outside of the negative electrode current collector 201 , that is, the third
  • the second region b is not connected to the negative electrode current collector 201 .
  • a first protective layer 601 is provided on the surface of the negative electrode plate 200, and in the projection plane formed by the x1 direction and the y1 direction of the electrode assembly, the orthographic projection of the first protective layer 601 on the projection plane covers the orthographic projection of the first area a on the projection plane. , that is, the first protective layer 601 is disposed above the negative electrode tab 500 and covers the first area a to prevent burrs on the negative electrode tab 500 from piercing the separator 300 and contacting the positive electrode tab 100 to cause a short circuit.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the negative electrode piece and the separator provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the separator 300 is compounded with the two surfaces of the negative electrode piece 200 , and in the x2 direction of the negative electrode piece, the separator 300 The separator extending out of the edge of the negative electrode piece 200 and extending out of the edge of the negative electrode piece is composited into one body.
  • the specific composite method may be bonding composite, that is, the separator 300 includes a glue layer, and the glue layer includes a material with adhesive properties. Under room temperature and normal conditions, it does not exert viscosity.
  • the viscosity of the adhesive layer is released, and the adhesive layer is used to realize the bonding compound between the separator and the negative electrode piece 200 and between the separator and the separator.
  • the adhesive layer material and The hot pressing process conditions can be based on conventional techniques in this field.
  • the adhesive layer includes common adhesives such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), the hot pressing temperature is 60-120°C, and the pressure is 0.3-2.0MPa.
  • the separator 300 extends out of the edge of the negative electrode piece 200 along the y2 direction of the first electrode piece, and the separators located outside the edge of the negative electrode piece 200 are combined into one body, that is, The separator 300 extends out of the surrounding edges of the negative electrode piece 200, and the separators located at the surrounding edges of the negative electrode piece 200 are combined into one body.
  • the diaphragm 300 can also include one or both of a polymer base layer and a ceramic layer.
  • the specific structure and materials can be made according to conventional technical means in the art. It only needs to ensure that the glue layer is located on the diaphragm.
  • the outermost layer can be bonded and compounded with the negative electrode piece 200 .
  • a second protective layer 602 is provided on the surface of the separator 300 away from the negative electrode plate 200, and the orthographic projection of the second protective layer 602 on the projection plane covers the orthographic projection of the first protective layer 601 on the projection plane, which is to be provided on the positive electrode plate.
  • the second protective layer 602 on the separator 100 is directly disposed on the surface of the separator 300 away from the negative electrode piece 200. After being rolled and formed, the second protective layer 602 can be in contact with the positive electrode piece 100, which can also prevent ions in the covered area.
  • the setting process of the second protective layer 602 can be carried out with reference to the first protective layer 601, the position accuracy is improved, and during the winding process, the winding process belt can be effectively avoided Comes in positional deviation.
  • the length of the second protective layer 602 should be greater than the length of the first protective layer 601. Specifically, the first protective layer 601 is projected The length of the orthographic projection of the plane is L1, the length of the orthographic projection of the second protective layer 602 on the projection plane is L2, and L2-L1 ⁇ 1 mm.
  • the second protective layer 602 disposed on the surface of the positive electrode piece 100 is disposed on the surface of the separator 300, the problem of large position tolerance of the protective layer can be avoided. Therefore, compared with the existing technology, the area of the second protective layer 602 can be appropriately reduced.
  • the area of the orthographic projection of the first protective layer 601 on the projection plane is S1
  • the area of the orthogonal projection of the second protective layer 602 on the projection plane is S2, 1.0 ⁇ S2/S1 ⁇ 1.8, for example, in the prior art , the length and width of the first protective layer 601 are 12mm and 22mm respectively, the length and width of the second protective layer 602 are 20mm and 25mm respectively, and the area ratio between the two is 1.89.
  • the length and width of the second protective layer The width can be reduced to 15mm and 23mm, and the area ratio between the two is reduced to 1.3, which helps to reduce the coverage area of the second protective layer 602 on the positive electrode piece 100 and improve the electrical power.
  • the energy density of the pool is reduced.
  • the first protective layer 601 includes a first surface and a second surface.
  • the first surface is located close to the negative electrode plate 200, and the second surface is located away from the negative electrode plate 200.
  • both the first surface and the second surface have bonding properties, that is, the first surface is bonded to the negative electrode piece 200, and the second surface is bonded to the separator 300, which helps to improve the bonding between the negative electrode piece 200 and the separator 300.
  • FIG. 7 is a front view of the positive electrode tab provided by one embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is a top view of the positive electrode current collector and positive electrode tab provided by one embodiment of the present application.
  • the positive electrode tab 100 includes The positive electrode current collector 101, the positive electrode active material layer 102 and the positive electrode tab 400.
  • the positive electrode current collector 101 is a sheet metal conductor, which also has two opposite surfaces.
  • the positive electrode active material 102 is arranged on at least one of the positive electrode current collector 101.
  • On the surface the positive electrode tab 400 is located at both ends of the positive electrode piece 100, with positive active material layers 102 disposed on both sides.
  • the positive electrode tab 400 includes a third region c and a fourth region d.
  • the third region c is connected to the positive electrode.
  • the current collector 101 is connected, and the fourth region d extends outward along the y2 direction (width direction) of the positive electrode piece 100 to the outside of the positive current collector 101, that is, the fourth region is not connected to
  • a third protective layer 603 is provided on the surface of the positive electrode piece 100.
  • the orthographic projection of the third protective layer 603 on the projection plane covers the orthographic projection of the third region c on the projection plane to prevent burrs on the positive electrode tab 400 from piercing the separator. A short circuit occurs when in contact with the negative electrode piece 200 .
  • a fourth protective layer 604 is provided on the negative electrode piece 200 opposite to the third protective layer 603 .
  • the orthographic projection of the fourth protective layer 604 on the projection plane covers the orthographic projection of the third region c on the projection plane. , to achieve double protection of the positive pole tab 400.
  • the fourth protective layer 604 includes a first surface and a second surface.
  • the first surface is located on the side close to the negative electrode piece 200
  • the second surface is located on the side away from the negative electrode piece 200 .
  • Both the first surface and the second surface have adhesive properties.
  • the first surface is bonded to the negative electrode sheet 200
  • the second surface is bonded to the separator 300, thereby improving the composite effect of the negative electrode sheet 200 and the separator 300.
  • a fifth protective layer 605 is also provided at the tail of the positive electrode sheet 100.
  • the fifth protective layer 605 is provided on at least part of the surface of the positive electrode active material layer 102 and extends to part of the surface of the positive electrode current collector 101 to prevent the positive electrode active material layer 102 from The burr at the end position pierces the diaphragm causing a short circuit and can Covering part of the positive active material layer 102 prevents ions detached from the positive active material layer 102 from being completely embedded in the negative active material layer 202, causing ions to precipitate and affecting battery performance.
  • the material of the protective layer can be adhesive paper or insulating coating.
  • the adhesive paper can be single-sided adhesive paper or double-sided adhesive paper.
  • the specific materials can be made according to conventional technical means in the art.
  • first pole piece being the negative pole piece and the second pole piece being the positive pole piece.
  • the method provided in this application is also applicable to the case where the first pole piece is the positive pole piece and the second pole piece is It is a negative electrode piece, and those skilled in the art can set it according to conventional technical means.
  • the electrode assembly is prepared by the following preparation method:
  • the first pole piece, the separator and the second pole piece are provided, and the first protective layer is provided on the surface of the first pole piece;
  • the diaphragm is composited on both surfaces of the first pole piece, the second protective layer is provided on the surface of the diaphragm away from the first pole piece, and the diaphragm extending out of both ends of the first pole piece is composited as one body;
  • the first pole piece, the separator and the second pole piece are assembled to obtain the electrode assembly.
  • the positive active material is dispersed in a solvent together with auxiliary materials such as a conductive agent and a binder to prepare a positive active material slurry, and the slurry is coated on at least one surface of the positive current collector 101.
  • the cathode active material layer 102 is obtained, and then the cathode tab 400 is connected to the corresponding position of the cathode current collector 101 to obtain the cathode tab 100.
  • Glue is used on the cathode tab 400 and the tail of the cathode active material layer 102 to obtain the third Protective layer 603 and fifth protective layer 605;
  • the negative active material is dispersed in a solvent with auxiliary materials such as conductive agent, binder, and dispersant to prepare a negative active layer slurry, and is coated on at least one surface of the negative current collector 201 to obtain a negative active material layer.
  • auxiliary materials such as conductive agent, binder, and dispersant to prepare a negative active layer slurry
  • the negative electrode tab 500 is connected to the corresponding position of the negative electrode current collector 201 to obtain the negative electrode tab 200.
  • Use a glue application device to paste glue on the negative electrode tab 500 and the negative electrode active material layer 202 to obtain the first protective layer 601 and the second protective layer 601.
  • the side of the separator 300 including the adhesive layer is brought into contact with the negative electrode sheet 200. Under a certain temperature and pressure, the viscosity of the adhesive layer is released, so that the separator 300 and the negative electrode sheet 200 are located between the separator 300 at both ends of the negative electrode sheet 200. Afterwards, glue is applied to the surface of the separator 300 away from the negative electrode piece 200 to obtain the second protective layer 602, so that the second protective layer 602 covers the first protective layer 601, thus obtaining The composite of the negative electrode plate and separator;
  • the composite of the negative electrode piece and the separator is laminated with the positive electrode piece 100 and then rolled and assembled according to conventional technical means in the art to obtain an electrode assembly.
  • the present application can achieve dual protection of the pole tabs by the protective layer. It solves the problem of large position tolerance of the protective layer on pole pieces of different polarities, avoids the impact of preparation accuracy on the position of the protective layer, and improves the preparation yield and utilization rate of the battery; in addition, the protection provided by this application The layer does not need to be too large, effectively avoiding the impact of the protective layer on the energy density of the battery.
  • a second aspect of the present application provides a battery, including any of the above electrode components.
  • This application also provides a battery. Based on the electrode assembly provided in the first aspect of this application, those skilled in the art can obtain the electrode assembly by encapsulating, injecting liquid and other processes according to conventional technical means, including the above electrode assembly. Batteries have better safety and energy density.

Abstract

一种电极组件和电池，通过将设置在第二极片上的保护层设置在隔膜远离第一极片的表面，并将隔膜与第一极片进行复合，在能够实现保护层对极耳双重保护的基础上，解决了设置在不同极性的极片上保护层位置公差大的问题，避免了制备精度对保护层位置的影响，提高了电池的制备良率和稼动率；此外，保护层无需过大尺寸，有效避免了保护层对电池能量密度的影响。

Description

一种电极组件和电池
本申请要求于2022年09月13日提交中国专利局、申请号为202211109739.7、申请名称为“一种电极组件和电池”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及一种电极组件和电池，涉及二次电池技术领域。
背景技术
极耳中置结构是指将极耳放置在极片除两端以外的位置，通过极耳位置的改变有助于优化充放电过程中极片上的电流密度分布，提高电池的快充能力，随着市场对二次电池快充性能的要求，极耳中置结构也得到了广泛的应用。
为了避免极耳上的毛刺刺穿隔膜，导致极耳与另一极性的极片接触发生短路，一般会在两种不同极性的极片中，靠近极耳的区域分别设置保护层，例如，电池包括正极极片和负极极片，正极极片上正极极耳的区域设置有保护层，负极极片与正极极耳对应的区域也设置有保护层，实现对正极极耳的双重保护。
然而，由于设备精度的影响，设置在正极极片与负极极片上保护层之间的位置公差较大，在极片组装完成后，需要对其进行调整，影响电池的良率和稼动率；有研发人员通过增加保护层的尺寸以弥补保护层之间的位置公差，但是，较大尺寸的保护层也会影响极片之间的电化学反应，进而影响电池的能量密度。
发明内容
本申请提供一种电极组件，用于提高正极极片和负极极片上保护层的设 置精度，提高电池的良率和稼动率，并尽可能的降低保护层对电池能量密度的影响。
本申请还提供一种电池，包括上述电极组件。
本申请第一方面提供一种电极组件，所述电极组件包括第一极片、隔膜和第二极片，所述隔膜复合在所述第一极片的两个表面，沿第一极片的X2方向，所述隔膜延伸出所述第一极片的边缘，位于所述第一极片边缘外部的隔膜复合为一体，所述第二极片位于所述隔膜远离所述第一极片的一侧；
所述第一极片包括第一集流体和第一极耳，所述第一极耳包括第一区域和第二区域，所述第一区域与所述第一集流体连接，所述第二区域沿所述第一极片的Y2方向向外延伸至所述第一集流体外部；
所述第一极片的表面设置有第一保护层，并且在所述电极组件的X1方向和Y1方向组成的投影平面中，所述第一保护层在所述投影平面的正投影覆盖所述第一区域在所述投影平面的正投影；
所述隔膜远离所述第一极片的表面设置有第二保护层，且所述第二保护层在所述投影平面上的正投影覆盖所述第一保护层在所述投影平面上的正投影。
在一种具体实施方式中，沿第一极片的Y2方向，所述隔膜延伸出所述第一极片的边缘，位于所述第一极片边缘外部的隔膜复合为一体。
在一种具体实施方式中，所述第一保护层在所述投影平面的正投影的面积为S1，所述第二保护层在所述投影平面的正投影的面积为S2，1.0＜S2/S1＜1.8。
在一种具体实施方式中，所述第一保护层在所述投影平面的正投影的长度为L1，所述第二保护层在所述投影平面的正投影的长度为L2，L2-L1≥1mm。
在一种具体实施方式中，所述第二极片包括第二集流体和第二极耳，所述第二极耳包括第三区域和第四区域，所述第三区域与所述第二集流体的表面连接，所述第四区域沿所述第二极片的Y2方向向外延伸至所述第二集流体外部；
所述第二极片的表面设置有第三保护层，所述第三保护层在所述投影平面上的正投影覆盖所述第三区域在所述投影平面的正投影。
在一种具体实施方式中，所述第一极片的表面还设置有第四保护层，所述第四保护层在所述投影平面的正投影覆盖所述第三区域在投影平面的正投影。
在一种具体实施方式中，所述第一保护层包括第一表面和第二表面，所述第一表面位于靠近所述第一极片一侧，所述第二表面位于远离所述第一极片一侧；
所述第一表面与所述第一极片粘结，所述第二表面与所述隔膜粘结。
在一种具体实施方式中，所述第四保护层包括第一表面和第二表面，所述第一表面位于靠近所述第一极片一侧，所述第二表面位于远离所述第一极片一侧；
所述第一表面与所述第一极片粘结，所述第二表面与所述隔膜粘结。
在一种具体实施方式中，所述第二极片还包括第二活性物质层，所述第二活性物质层设置在所述第二集流体的至少一个表面；
所述第二极片表面设置有第五保护层，所述第五保护层设置在所述第二活性物质层远离第二集流体的至少部分表面并延伸至所述第二集流体的部分表面。
在一种具体实施方式中，所述第一保护层为胶纸或绝缘涂层；
和/或，所述第二保护层为胶纸或绝缘涂层。
本申请第二方面提供一种电池，所述电池包括上述任一所述的电极组件。
本申请通过将设置在第二极片上的保护层设置在隔膜远离第一极片的表面，并将隔膜与第一极片进行复合，在能够实现保护层对极耳双重保护的基础上，解决了设置在不同极性的极片上保护层位置公差大的问题，避免了制备精度对保护层位置的影响，提高了电池的制备良率和稼动率；此外，本申请提供的保护层无需过大尺寸，有效避免了保护层对电池能量密度的影响。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为现有技术提供的电极组件的俯视图；
图2为现有技术提供的电极组件的主视图；
图3为本申请一实施例提供的电极组件的结构示意图；
图4为本申请一实施例提供的负极极片的主视图；
图5为本申请一实施例提供的负极集流体与负极极耳的俯视图；
图6为本申请一实施例提供的负极极片与隔膜的结构示意图；
图7为本申请一实施例提供的正极极片的主视图；
图8为本申请一实施例提供的正极集流体与正极极耳的俯视图。
附图标记说明：
100-正极极片；
101-正极集流体；
102-正极活性物质层；
200-负极极片；
201-负极集流体；
202-负极活性物质层；
300-隔膜；
400-正极极耳；
c-第三区域；
d-第四区域；
500-负极极耳；
a-第一区域；
b-第二区域；
600-保护层；
601-第一保护层；
602-第二保护层；
603-第三保护层；
604-第四保护层；
605-第五保护层。
具体实施方式
为使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请的实施例，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
图1-2为现有技术提供的电极组件的结构示意图，如图1-2所示，电极组件包括依次层叠并卷绕成型的正极极片100、隔膜300和负极极片200，正极极片100和负极极片200中包括活性物质，通过活性物质之间的电化学反应为电池提供容量，隔膜300位于正极极片100和负极极片200之间，用于防止二者接触发生短路；正极极片100包括正极极耳400，负极极片200包括负极极耳500，正极极耳400和负极极耳500均设置在极片除两端以外的位置，即极耳中置，沿极片x2方向(长度方向)，极耳的左右两侧均设置有活性物质层；并且，正极极片100和负极极片200靠近极耳的区域均设置有保护层600，用于防止极耳上的毛刺刺穿隔膜300，实现对极耳的双重保护。
在电极组件的制备过程中，首先分别制备得到正极极片100和负极极片200，并在相应位置分别连接正极极耳400和负极极耳500，接着，在正极极片100和负极极片200相应位置设置保护层600，最后，与隔膜300层叠并卷绕得到电极组件；但是由于设备精度的影响，当正极极片100和负极极片200卷绕成型后，二者表面设置的保护层600之间存在较大的位置公差，需要对其进行调整，影响电池的良率和稼动率。
通过增大设置在正极极片100上的保护层600的面积在一定程度上可以 解决上述问题，但是，保护层600一般为绝缘材料，在电化学反应过程中，为了防止正极极片100脱出的离子无法嵌入负极极片200中，设置在正极极片100上的保护层600通常能够阻止其覆盖的区域中离子的脱出，随着保护层600覆盖面积的提高，势必会对电池的能量密度造成影响。
为了解决上述问题，本申请第一方面提供一种电极组件，其包括第一极片、隔膜和第二极片，所述隔膜复合在所述第一极片的两个表面，沿第一极片的X2方向，所述隔膜延伸出所述第一极片的边缘，位于所述第一极片边缘外部的隔膜复合为一体，所述第二极片位于所述隔膜远离所述第一极片的一侧；
所述第一极片包括第一集流体和第一极耳，所述第一极耳包括第一区域和第二区域，所述第一区域与所述第一集流体连接，所述第二区域沿所述第一极片的Y2方向向外延伸至所述第一集流体外部；
所述第一极片的表面设置有第一保护层，并且在所述电极组件的X1方向和Y1方向组成的投影平面中，所述第一保护层在所述投影平面的正投影覆盖所述第一区域在所述投影平面的正投影；
所述隔膜远离所述第一极片的表面设置有第二保护层，且所述第二保护层在所述投影平面上的正投影覆盖所述第一保护层在所述投影平面上的正投影。
本申请所指的投影平面是指电极组件的x1方向(长度)和y1方向(宽度)组成的平面，正投影是指平行投射线垂直于投影平面，即第一保护层覆盖第一极耳的第一区域，第二保护层覆盖第一保护层，通过第一保护层和第二保护层实现对第一极耳的双重保护。本申请通过将设置在第二极片上的保护层设置在隔膜远离第一极片的表面，并将隔膜与第一极片进行复合，在能够实现保护层对极耳双重保护的基础上，解决了设置在不同极性的极片上保护层位置公差大的问题，避免了制备精度对保护层位置的影响，提高了电池的制备良率和稼动率；此外，本申请提供的保护层无需过大尺寸，有效避免了保护层对电池能量密度的影响。
在一种具体实施方式中，以第一极片为负极极片，第二极片为正极极片 进行详细阐述，图3为本申请一实施例提供的电极组件的结构示意图，如图3所示，电极组件包括正极极片100、隔膜300和负极极片200，隔膜300复合在负极极片200的两个表面，并且，沿负极极片的x2方向(即长度方向)，延伸出负极极片200的边缘，位于负极极片200边缘外部的隔膜300复合为一体，形成袋子结构将负极极片200包裹在内部，正极极片100位于隔膜300远离负极极片200的一侧。
图4为本申请一实施例提供的负极极片的主视图，图5为本申请一实施例提供的负极集流体与负极极耳的俯视图，如图4-5所示，负极极片200包括负极集流体201、负极活性物质层202以及负极极耳500，其中，负极集流体201为片状金属导体，其具有两个相对的表面，负极活性物质层202设置在负极集流体201的至少一个表面上，负极极耳500位于负极极片200除两端以外的位置，即在负极极片x2方向(长度方向)上，负极极耳500的两侧均设置有负极活性物质层202，负极极耳500包括第一区域a和第二区域b，第一区域a与负极集流体201连接，第二区域b沿负极极片y2方向(宽度方向)向外延伸至负极集流体201外部，即第二区域b不与负极集流体201连接。
负极极片200表面设置有第一保护层601，并且在电极组件x1方向和y1方向组成的投影平面中，第一保护层601在投影平面的正投影覆盖第一区域a在投影平面的正投影，即第一保护层601设置在负极极耳500上方，并覆盖第一区域a，用于防止负极极耳500上的毛刺刺穿隔膜300，与正极极片100接触发生短路。
图6为本申请一实施例提供的负极极片与隔膜的结构示意图，如图6所示，隔膜300与负极极片200的两个表面复合，并且，在负极极片x2方向上，隔膜300延伸出负极极片200的边缘，并且延伸出负极极片边缘的隔膜复合为一体，具体复合方式可以为粘结复合，即隔膜300包括胶层，胶层中包括具有粘结性能的材料，在室温以及常规条件下，其不发挥粘性，在热压条件下，胶层的粘性释放，通过胶层实现隔膜与负极极片200之间，隔膜与隔膜之间的粘结复合，胶层材料以及热压工艺条件均可根据本领域常规技术 手段进行，例如，胶层包括聚偏氟乙烯PVDF等常见粘结剂，热压温度为60-120℃，压力为0.3-2.0MPa。
进一步地，为了提高隔膜300对负极极片200的包裹效果，沿第一极片的y2方向，隔膜300延伸出负极极片200的边缘，位于负极极片200边缘外部的隔膜复合为一体，即隔膜300延伸出负极极片200的四周边缘，且位于负极极片200四周边缘的隔膜复合为一体。
可以理解的是，隔膜300除胶层外，还可以包括聚合物基层、陶瓷层中的一种或两种，具体结构和材料均可根据本领域常规技术手段进行，只需要保证胶层位于隔膜最外层，能够与负极极片200粘结复合即可。
隔膜300远离负极极片200的表面设置有第二保护层602，且第二保护层602在投影平面上的正投影覆盖第一保护层601在投影平面上的正投影，即将设置在正极极片100上的第二保护层602直接设置在隔膜300远离负极极片200的表面，在卷绕成型后，第二保护层602可与正极极片100接触，同样能够起到阻止其覆盖区域中离子的脱出，实现与设置在正极极片100上相同的效果，而且第二保护层602设置过程可参考第一保护层601进行，位置精度提高，而且卷绕过程中，能够有效避免卷绕工艺带来的位置偏差。
由于第二保护层602起到阻止其覆盖的正极极片100区域中离子脱出的作用，第二保护层602的长度应大于第一保护层601的长度，具体地，第一保护层601在投影平面的正投影的长度为L1，第二保护层602在投影平面的正投影的长度为L2，L2-L1≥1mm。
由于将设置在正极极片100表面的第二保护层602设置在隔膜300表面，能够避免保护层位置公差大的问题，因此，相比现有技术，第二保护层602的面积可以适当减小，具体地，第一保护层601在投影平面的正投影的面积为S1，第二保护层602在投影平面的正投影的面积为S2，1.0＜S2/S1＜1.8，例如，现有技术中，第一保护层601的长宽分别为12mm和22mm，第二保护层602的长宽分别为20mm和25mm，二者的面积比为1.89，使用本申请提供的结构，第二保护层的长宽可以降低为15mm和23mm，二者的面积比降低至1.3，有助于降低第二保护层602在正极极片100上的覆盖面积，提高电 池的能量密度。
此外，为了增强第一保护层601与隔膜300之间的粘结效果，第一保护层601包括第一表面和第二表面，第一表面位于靠近负极极片200一侧，第二表面位于远离负极极片200一侧，第一表面和第二表面均具备粘结性能，即第一表面与负极极片200粘结，第二表面与隔膜300粘结，有助于提高负极极片200与隔膜300的复合效果。
图7为本申请一实施例提供的正极极片的主视图，图8为本申请一实施例提供的正极集流体和正极极耳的俯视图，如图7-8所示，正极极片100包括正极集流体101、正极活性物质层102以及正极极耳400，其中，正极集流体101为片状金属导体，其同样具备两个相对的表面，正极活性物质102设置在正极集流体101的至少一个表面上，正极极耳400位于正极极片100除两端的位置，其两侧均设置有正极活性物质层102，正极极耳400包括第三区域c和第四区域d，第三区域c与正极集流体101连接，第四区域d沿正极极片100的y2方向(宽度方向)向外延伸至正极集流体101外部，即第四区域不与正极集流体101连接；
正极极片100表面设置有第三保护层603，第三保护层603在投影平面上的正投影覆盖第三区域c在投影平面的正投影，用于防止正极极耳400上的毛刺刺穿隔膜与负极极片200接触发生短路。
此外，继续参考图4，与第三保护层603相对的负极极片200上设置有第四保护层604，第四保护层604在投影平面的正投影覆盖第三区域c在投影平面的正投影，实现对正极极耳400的双重保护。
第四保护层604包括第一表面和第二表面，第一表面位于靠近负极极片200一侧，第二表面位于远离负极极片200一侧，第一表面和第二表面均具备粘结性能，第一表面与负极极片200粘结，第二表面与隔膜300粘结，提高负极极片200与隔膜300的复合效果。
在正极极片100尾部还设置有第五保护层605，第五保护层605设置在正极活性物质层102的至少部分表面并延伸至正极集流体101的部分表面，用于防止正极活性物质层102收尾位置的毛刺刺穿隔膜导致短路，并且能够 覆盖部分正极活性物质层102，防止从正极活性物质层102脱出的离子无法完全嵌入负极活性物质层202中，导致离子析出，影响电池性能。
以上实施方式中，保护层的材料可以为胶纸或绝缘涂层，胶纸可以采用单面胶纸或双面胶纸，具体材料可根据本领域常规技术手段进行。
可以理解，以上实施方式是以第一极片为负极极片，第二极片为正极极片进行阐述，本申请提供的方法同样也适用于第一极片为正极极片，第二极片为负极极片，本领域技术人员可根据常规技术手段进行设置即可。
进一步地，所述电极组件通过如下制备方法制备得到：
提供所述第一极片、隔膜和第二极片，所述第一极片的表面设置有所述第一保护层；
将所述隔膜复合在所述第一极片的两个表面，在所述隔膜远离第一极片的表面设置所述第二保护层，并将延伸出所述第一极片两端的隔膜复合为一体；
将所述第一极片、隔膜和第二极片组装得到所述电极组件。
在一种具体实施方式中，首先，将正极活性物质搭配导电剂、粘结剂等辅料分散在溶剂中制备得到正极活性物质浆料，并将其涂布在正极集流体101的至少一个表面，得到正极活性物质层102，接着将正极极耳400连接在正极集流体101相应位置，得到正极极片100，使用贴胶设备在正极极耳400以及正极活性物质层102尾部贴胶，得到第三保护层603和第五保护层605；
其次，将负极活性物质搭配导电剂、粘结剂、分散剂等辅料分散在溶剂中制备得到负极活性层浆料，并将其涂布在负极集流体201的至少一个表面，得到负极活性物质层202，接着将负极极耳500连接在负极集流体201相应位置，得到负极极片200，使用贴胶设备在负极极耳500以及负极活性物质层202上贴胶，得到第一保护层601和第四保护层604；
接着，将隔膜300上包括胶层的一面与负极极片200接触，在一定温度压力下，胶层粘性释放，使隔膜300与负极极片200之间，位于负极极片200两端的隔膜300之间粘结复合，随后，在隔膜300远离负极极片200的表面上贴胶，得到第二保护层602，使第二保护层602覆盖第一保护层601，得到 负极极片与隔膜的复合体；
最后，将负极极片与隔膜的复合体与正极极片100层叠后按照本领域常规技术手段进行卷绕组装，得到电极组件。
综上，本申请通过将设置在第二极片上的保护层设置在隔膜远离第一极片的表面，并将隔膜与第一极片进行复合，在能够实现保护层对极耳双重保护的基础上，解决了设置在不同极性的极片上保护层位置公差大的问题，避免了制备精度对保护层位置的影响，提高了电池的制备良率和稼动率；此外，本申请提供的保护层无需过大尺寸，有效避免了保护层对电池能量密度的影响。
本申请第二方面提供一种电池，包括上述任一的电极组件。
本申请还提供一种电池，在本申请第一方面提供的电极组件的基础上，本领域技术人员可根据常规技术手段，对电极组件进行封装、注液等工序后得到，包括上述电极组件的电池具有较好的安全性和能量密度。
本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”、“第四”、“第五”是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当的情况下可以互换，以便这里描述的本申请的实施例能够除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种电极组件，其中，所述电极组件包括第一极片、隔膜和第二极片，所述隔膜复合在所述第一极片的两个表面，沿第一极片的X2方向，所述隔膜延伸出所述第一极片的边缘，位于所述第一极片边缘外部的隔膜复合为一体，所述第二极片位于所述隔膜远离所述第一极片的一侧；
    所述第一极片包括第一集流体和第一极耳，所述第一极耳包括第一区域和第二区域，所述第一区域与所述第一集流体连接，所述第二区域沿所述第一极片的Y2方向向外延伸至所述第一集流体外部；
    所述第一极片的表面设置有第一保护层，并且在所述电极组件的X1方向和Y1方向组成的投影平面中，所述第一保护层在所述投影平面的正投影覆盖所述第一区域在所述投影平面的正投影；
    所述隔膜远离所述第一极片的表面设置有第二保护层，且所述第二保护层在所述投影平面上的正投影覆盖所述第一保护层在所述投影平面上的正投影。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电极组件，其中，沿第一极片的Y2方向，所述隔膜延伸出所述第一极片的边缘，位于所述第一极片边缘外部的隔膜复合为一体。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电极组件，其中，所述第一保护层在所述投影平面的正投影的面积为S1，所述第二保护层在所述投影平面的正投影的面积为S2，1.0＜S2/S1＜1.8。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电极组件，其中，所述第一保护层在所述投影平面的正投影的长度为L1，所述第二保护层在所述投影平面的正投影的长度为L2，L2-L1≥1mm。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的电极组件，其中，所述第二极片包括第二集流体和第二极耳，所述第二极耳包括第三区域和第四区域，所述第三区域与所述第二集流体的表面连接，所述第四区域沿所述第二极片的的Y2方向向外延伸至所述第二集流体外部；
    所述第二极片的表面设置有第三保护层，所述第三保护层在所述投影平 面上的正投影覆盖所述第三区域在所述投影平面的正投影。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电极组件，其中，所述第一极片的表面还设置有第四保护层，所述第四保护层在所述投影平面的正投影覆盖所述第三区域在投影平面的正投影。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的电极组件，其中，所述第一保护层包括第一表面和第二表面，所述第一表面位于靠近所述第一极片一侧，所述第二表面位于远离所述第一极片一侧；
    所述第一表面与所述第一极片粘结，所述第二表面与所述隔膜粘结。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的电极组件，其中，所述第四保护层包括第一表面和第二表面，所述第一表面位于靠近所述第一极片一侧，所述第二表面位于远离所述第一极片一侧；
    所述第一表面与所述第一极片粘结，所述第二表面与所述隔膜粘结。
  9. 根据权利要求5所述的电极组件，其中，所述第二极片还包括第二活性物质层，所述第二活性物质层设置在所述第二集流体的至少一个表面；
    所述第二极片表面设置有第五保护层，所述第五保护层设置在所述第二活性物质层远离第二集流体的至少部分表面并延伸至所述第二集流体的部分表面。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的电极组件，其中，所述第一保护层为胶纸或绝缘涂层；
    和/或，所述第二保护层为胶纸或绝缘涂层。
  11. 一种电池，其中，所述电池包括权利要求1-10任一项所述的电极组件。
PCT/CN2023/105436 2022-09-13 2023-06-30 一种电极组件和电池 WO2024055724A1 (zh)

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