WO2024053508A1 - Organic nutrient solution water cultivation and organic nutrient solution soil cultivation using mycorrhizal fungi and partner bacteria thereof, and production of mycorrhizal fungal spores and partner bacteria in organic nutrient solution water culture - Google Patents
Organic nutrient solution water cultivation and organic nutrient solution soil cultivation using mycorrhizal fungi and partner bacteria thereof, and production of mycorrhizal fungal spores and partner bacteria in organic nutrient solution water culture Download PDFInfo
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- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 title abstract description 21
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- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000179039 Paenibacillus Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000194110 Bacillus sp. (in: Bacteria) Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000193388 Bacillus thuringiensis Species 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229940097012 bacillus thuringiensis Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
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- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
Abstract
The problem addressed by the present invention is to provide an organic cultivation method relating to organic nutrient solution water cultivation and organic nutrient solution soil cultivation using mycorrhizal fungi and partner bacteria thereof. There is great need for safe, secure, and sustainable organic cultivation instead of unsafe current cultivation techniques that use large amounts of chemically synthesized pesticides and fertilizers and that endanger health, or for crop production techniques that significantly reduce the use of chemical fertilizers without the use of chemically synthesized pesticides. The present invention involves spreading partner bacteria within a facility or a field, does not involve the use of chemically synthesized pesticides, eliminates or significantly reduces the use of chemical fertilizers, and makes it possible to sustainably produce safe, secure, and high-quality crops. In addition, crops can be produced in an organic nutrient solution water culture using mycorrhizal fungi and partner bacteria thereof, and mycorrhizal fungal spores and partner bacteria thereof can also be produced. This shows that, not only in greenhouse cultivation but also in open field cultivation, if beneficial microorganisms such as mycorrhizal fungi and partner bacteria are spread within a facility or a field, it is possible to eliminate the use of chemically synthesized pesticides and chemical fertilizers.
Description
本発明は、菌根菌とそのパートナー細菌を活用した有機養液水耕栽培および有機養液土耕栽培、並びに有機養液水耕栽培下での菌根菌胞子およびパートナー細菌の生産に関するものである。
The present invention relates to organic hydroponic cultivation and organic hydroponic soil cultivation that utilize mycorrhizal fungi and their partner bacteria, and the production of mycorrhizal fungal spores and partner bacteria under organic hydroponic cultivation. be.
欧米では有機農産物の生産を急速に増加させている。わが国でも「みどりの食料システム戦略」が立ち上げられ，有機農業を推進することが決定した。
In Europe and America, the production of organic agricultural products is rapidly increasing. In Japan, the ``Green Food System Strategy'' has been launched, and it has been decided to promote organic agriculture.
有機栽培を実現させるためには、菌根菌とそのパートナー細菌とはなくしては成り立たないことが筆者らの研究成果で明らかになっており（非特許文献１および非特許文献３参照）、さまざまな作物で菌根菌とそのパートナー細菌を活用した安心・安全で持続可能な作物栽培技術や環境緑化技術を確立していかなければならない。
The authors' research results have shown that in order to realize organic cultivation, mycorrhizal fungi and their partner bacteria are indispensable (see Non-Patent Literature 1 and Non-Patent Literature 3). We need to establish safe, secure, and sustainable crop cultivation techniques and environmental greening techniques that utilize mycorrhizal fungi and their partner bacteria.
菌根菌の中でも、アーバスキュラー菌根菌（ＡＭＦ）は最も古くて、４億６千万年前から植物と「持ちつ持たれつ」の関係、つまり「共生」を作り上げて、植物の光合成産物を得る見返りに、植物の養水分吸収を促進したり、植物の病害虫抵抗性や環境ストレス耐性を付与したりするなど、現在のほぼ全ての植物と共生し、植物の生育に多大な貢献をしている。この菌根菌を活用することによって、化学合成農薬や化学肥料の不使用が可能となり、安心・安全で持続可能な作物栽培や環境緑化を実現できることを石井は報告している（非特許文献３参照）。
Among mycorrhizal fungi, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are the oldest and have been in a ``symbiosis'' relationship with plants for 460 million years, producing photosynthetic products in plants. In return, it coexists with almost all modern plants and makes a great contribution to plant growth, such as promoting the absorption of nutrients and water by plants, and giving plants resistance to pests and environmental stress. ing. Ishii reported that by utilizing these mycorrhizal fungi, it is possible to avoid the use of chemically synthesized pesticides and chemical fertilizers, making it possible to achieve safe, secure and sustainable crop cultivation and environmental greening (Non-patent Document 3). reference).
一方、パートナー細菌は、菌根菌の胞子内またはその周辺に生息する細菌であり、Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｐ．（ＫＴＣＩＧＭＥ０１：ＮＢＲＣ１０９６３３、２０１３年５月８日受入）、Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｔｈｕｒｉｎｇｉｅｎｓｉｓ（ＫＴＣＩＧＭＥ０２：ＮＢＲＣ１０９６３４、２０１３年５月８日受入）、Ｐａｅｎｉｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｒｈｉｚｏｓｐｈａｅｒａｅ（ＫＴＣＩＧＭＥ０３：ＮＢＲＣ１０９６３５、２０１３年５月８日受入）およびＰｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ ｓｐ．（ＫＣＩＧＣ０１：ＮＢＲＣ１０９６１３、２０１３年４月１２日受入）が同定されている（非特許文献１参照）。これらのパートナー細菌（相同性が９７％以上のもの）は、１）菌根菌の生長を促進する、２）抗菌作用や殺虫作用を有す、３）窒素固定能やリン溶解能を持つ、４）有機物の腐熟促進効果を持つ、５）トイレ、畜舎などの消臭効果および蠅、蚊などの忌避効果があるので、公衆衛生に役立つ、などの効果を持つことが明らかになっている（非特許文献３参照）。
On the other hand, the partner bacteria are bacteria that live in or around the spores of mycorrhizal fungi, such as Bacillus sp. (KTCIGME01: NBRC109633, received on May 8, 2013), Bacillus thuringiensis (KTCIGME02: NBRC109634, received on May 8, 2013), Paenibacillus rhizosphaera e (KTCIGME03:NBRC109635, accepted May 8, 2013) and Pseudomonas sp. (KCIGC01:NBRC109613, accepted on April 12, 2013) has been identified (see Non-Patent Document 1). These partner bacteria (those with 97% or more homology) 1) promote the growth of mycorrhizal fungi, 2) have antibacterial and insecticidal effects, 3) have nitrogen fixing and phosphorus solubilizing abilities. It has been shown that it has the following effects: 4) It has the effect of accelerating the ripening of organic matter, and 5) It has the effect of deodorizing toilets, livestock barns, etc., and has the effect of repelling flies and mosquitoes, so it is useful for public health. (See Non-Patent Document 3).
これらの微生物に加えて、これらの微生物を増殖させるバヒアグラスのようなパートナー植物を用いることで、筆者は、世界に先駆けて、安心・安全で持続可能な有機水耕栽培技術を確立した（非特許文献２および特許文献１参照）。
In addition to these microorganisms, by using partner plants such as bahia grass that propagate these microorganisms, the author was the first in the world to establish a safe, secure, and sustainable organic hydroponic cultivation technology (non-patented). (See Document 2 and Patent Document 1).
同時に、安心・安全で持続可能な有機養液水耕栽培であれば、栽培期間中ＡＭＦやパートナー細菌が増殖するのではないかと考えられるが、特許文献１では調査されていない。
At the same time, if safe, secure and sustainable organic nutrient hydroponic cultivation is used, AMF and partner bacteria may proliferate during the cultivation period, but this is not investigated in Patent Document 1.
現在、ＡＭＦを使用した菌根菌接種源は、わが国などの先進国では販売されている。そのＡＭＦ胞子の製造方法は、１）植物根（非特許文献４参照）、２）毛状根という人為的に遺伝子変異を起こした根を用いる方法（非特許文献５、ｐ．２９－３１参照）であり、ＡＭＦ胞子の生産が容易で、安価に生産できるが、時間や手間がかかり、植物根の生長に左右されるので、胞子の生産性が不安定であるという問題がある。また、２）は遺伝子組み換え植物の根でのＡＭＦ胞子であるので、遺伝子汚染したＡＭＦ胞子による自然環境の破壊が深刻な問題となる（非特許文献５、ｐ．２９－３１参照）。
Currently, mycorrhizal inoculum using AMF is sold in developed countries such as Japan. The methods for producing AMF spores include 1) plant roots (see Non-Patent Document 4), and 2) a method using artificially genetically mutated roots called hairy roots (see Non-Patent Document 5, p. 29-31). ), it is easy to produce AMF spores and can be produced at low cost, but it takes time and effort and depends on the growth of plant roots, so there is a problem that spore productivity is unstable. Furthermore, since 2) involves AMF spores in the roots of genetically modified plants, destruction of the natural environment by genetically contaminated AMF spores poses a serious problem (see Non-Patent Document 5, p. 29-31).
一方、石井・堀井は、菌根菌を人工の培地で単独で菌糸を増殖させ、胞子形成まで培養し、その胞子や菌糸が感染性を持つという菌根菌の純粋培養を、世界で初めて成功した（特許文献２、３、および非特許文献５、ｐ．８－１９参照）。この技術の成功は、学術的に極めて重要なことであり、菌根共生メカニズムの解明に大いに役立つことが考えらえる。また、石井・堀井はこの技術によるＡＭＦの大量生産技術にも成功している（非特許文献５、ｐ．８－１９参照）。
On the other hand, Ishii and Horii were the first in the world to succeed in the pure culture of mycorrhizal fungi, in which the hyphae of mycorrhizal fungi were grown alone in an artificial medium and cultured until spore formation, and the spores and hyphae became infectious. (See Patent Documents 2 and 3, and Non-Patent Document 5, p. 8-19). The success of this technology is academically extremely important, and it is thought that it will be of great help in elucidating the mechanism of mycorrhizal symbiosis. Furthermore, Ishii and Horii have also succeeded in mass production of AMF using this technology (see Non-Patent Document 5, p. 8-19).
しかし、純粋培養技術による大量ＡＭＦ胞子生産は、前述の植物根を用いたＡＭＦ胞子生産よりも、作業的にも煩雑で高度な技術を必要とするので、純粋培養で生産されたＡＭＦ胞子は非常に高価になる。そこで、純粋培養技術によるＡＭＦの大量生産の事業化は控えられているのが現状である。
However, mass production of AMF spores using pure culture technology is more complicated and requires more advanced technology than the above-mentioned AMF spore production using plant roots. become expensive. Therefore, commercialization of mass production of AMF using pure culture technology is currently being avoided.
しかしながら、前述の世界初の有機水耕栽培技術（非特許文献２および特許文献１参照）では、パートナー植物不使用における栽培作物の生育や果実などの品質や、パートナー細菌のミスト装置などによる施設内全面噴霧、あるいはパートナー細菌入り有機養液の植物への葉面散布の効果についての調査が行われていない。
However, with the world's first organic hydroponic cultivation technology mentioned above (see Non-Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 1), the growth of cultivated crops and the quality of fruits without the use of partner plants, and the use of partner bacteria misting devices within the facility The effects of surface spraying or foliar application of organic nutrient solutions containing partner bacteria to plants have not been investigated.
また、植物工場のような施設では、強制的に無菌あるいはほぼ無菌下にして農薬不使用の作物栽培を行っているので、施設費や維持管理費が膨大であるため、国からの補助金がなければ、経営が成り立たないという植物工場運営の大きな問題となっている。
In addition, in facilities such as plant factories, crops are grown without the use of pesticides under forced sterile or almost sterile conditions, so the facilities and maintenance costs are enormous, so there is no need for subsidies from the government. Without it, the business cannot survive, which is a major problem for plant factory operations.
一方、ＡＭＦ胞子の生産において、前述の通り、植物根を用いた胞子生産が非常に安価で接種源を作製でき、高度な技術を必要としないという利点があるが、土壌粒子や小さなごみが残り、きれいな胞子を得るのはかなりの手間がかかるという問題がある。また、有機養液水耕栽培におけるパートナー細菌の増殖については調査されていない。
On the other hand, in the production of AMF spores, as mentioned above, spore production using plant roots has the advantage that it is very cheap to create an inoculum and does not require advanced technology, but it leaves soil particles and small garbage behind. However, the problem is that it takes a lot of effort to obtain clean spores. Furthermore, the growth of partner bacteria in organic hydroponic culture has not been investigated.
本発明は、上述した問題点を解決するためになされたものであり、菌根菌を作物に共生させて、パートナー細菌を施設内などで蔓延させて、病害虫の侵入や発生を防ぎ、作物栽培を行う「植蔵」という新しい施設栽培技術を開発するとともに、この有機養液水耕栽培下で新しいＡＭＦ胞子生産方法やパートナー細菌の増殖方法を提供することを目的としている。
The present invention was made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and allows mycorrhizal fungi to coexist with crops, allowing partner bacteria to spread within facilities, preventing the invasion and outbreak of pests, and improving crop cultivation. The aim of this project is to develop a new facility cultivation technique called ``vegetation,'' which performs this process, as well as to provide a new method for producing AMF spores and propagating partner bacteria under organic hydroponic cultivation.
上記の目的を達成するために、本発明に係る有機栽培方法は、菌根菌とそのパートナー細菌とを活用した有機養液水耕栽培および有機養液土耕栽培に係る有機栽培方法であって、前記パートナー細菌を施設内または圃場内で蔓延させる、ことを特徴としている。また、菌根菌とそのパートナー細菌を活用した有機養液水耕栽培下で作物生産を行い、前記菌根菌胞子および前記パートナー細菌を生産する。Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ属におけるＢａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｐ．（ＫＴＣＩＧＭＥ０１）ＮＢＲＣ１０９６３３菌株、Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ属におけるＢａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｔｈｕｒｉｎｇｉｅｎｓｉｓ（ＫＴＣＩＧＭＥ０２）ＮＢＲＣ１０９６３４菌株、Ｐａｅｎｉｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ属におけるＰａｅｎｉｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｒｈｉｚｏｓｐｈａｅｒａｅ（ＫＴＣＩＧＭＥ０３）ＮＢＲＣ１０９６３５菌株、およびＰｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ属におけるＰｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ ｓｐ．（ＫＣＩＧＣ０１）ＮＢＲＣ１０９６１３菌株の群より選択された少なくとも一種類以上の前記パートナー細菌と、相同性が９７％以上の微生物とを含有する有益微生物を用いる。
In order to achieve the above object, the organic cultivation method according to the present invention is an organic cultivation method related to organic hydroponic cultivation and organic hydroponic cultivation using mycorrhizal fungi and their partner bacteria. , the partner bacteria are spread within a facility or a field. In addition, crops are produced under organic hydroponic cultivation using mycorrhizal fungi and their partner bacteria, and the mycorrhizal fungus spores and the partner bacteria are produced. Bacillus sp. in the genus Bacillus. (KTCIGME01) NBRC109633 strain, Bacillus thuringiensis in the genus Bacillus (KTCIGME02) NBRC109634 strain, Paenibacillus rhizospha in the genus Paenibacillus erae (KTCIGME03) NBRC109635 strain, and Pseudomonas sp. in the Pseudomonas genus. (KCIGC01) A beneficial microorganism containing at least one type of partner bacteria selected from the group of NBRC109613 strains and a microorganism having a homology of 97% or more is used.
これら以外のパートナー細菌としては、Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ属、Ｐａｅｎｉｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ属およびＰｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ属の有益細菌でもかまわない。
Other partner bacteria may include beneficial bacteria of the genus Bacillus, Paenibacillus, and Pseudomonas.
そして、施設（ハウス）内や露地において、菌根菌を共生させた作物を用い、有機養液には上述のパートナー細菌で発酵させたもの（特許文献４参照）を用いるとともに、パートナー細菌、あるいはパートナー細菌入り有機養液を定期的に噴霧し、施設内や露地でパートナー細菌にて蔓延させて、作物の生育増進や品質向上、並びに病害虫防除を図る有機栽培方法である。
Then, in a facility (house) or in the open field, crops with symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi are used, and the organic nutrient solution fermented with the above-mentioned partner bacteria (see Patent Document 4) is used. This is an organic cultivation method in which an organic nutrient solution containing partner bacteria is regularly sprayed to spread the partner bacteria inside the facility or in the open field, thereby promoting crop growth, improving quality, and controlling pests.
同時に、安心・安全で持続可能な有機養液水耕栽培であれば、栽培期間中菌根菌やパートナー細菌が増殖するので、イチゴ、レタス、トマトなどの有機養液水耕栽培下で新しい菌根菌胞子生産およびパートナー細菌の増殖を図る方法でもある。
At the same time, safe, secure and sustainable organic hydroponic cultivation allows mycorrhizal fungi and partner bacteria to proliferate during the cultivation period. It is also a method for producing rhizobial spores and propagating partner bacteria.
本発明によれば、化学合成農薬不使用で、化学肥料不使用あるいは大幅削減を図れる有機養液水耕栽培および有機養液土耕栽培が可能となる。
According to the present invention, it is possible to perform organic hydroponic cultivation and organic hydroponic cultivation without using chemically synthesized pesticides and without using or significantly reducing the use of chemical fertilizers.
また、例えば菌根菌を共生させた作物を用いて、パートナー細菌、あるいはこれらの細菌で発酵させた有機養液を用いた有機養液水耕栽培下で作物生産を行うとともに、新しい菌根菌胞子を大量生産でき、パートナー細菌の増殖も図ることができる。
In addition, for example, crops with symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi can be used to produce crops under organic nutrient hydroponic culture using partner bacteria or organic nutrient solutions fermented with these bacteria, and new mycorrhizal fungi can be used to produce crops under organic nutrient solution hydroponics. Spores can be mass-produced and partner bacteria can be grown.
以下、本発明の好ましい実施形態について説明する。
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described.
（１）パートナー細菌で発酵させた有機液肥とアーバスキュラー菌根菌（ＡＭＦ：Ｇｌｏｍｕｓ ｃｌａｒｕｍを使用）を用いたイチゴの有機養液土耕栽培
ＡＭＦ接種イチゴを定植する前、ハウス内をパートナー細菌（ＰＢ）溶液で全面噴霧し、ハウス内の病害虫を駆除した。その後、栽培期間中はパートナー細菌で発酵させた有機液肥（０．３ｍＳ／ｃｍ）をおよそ１週間間隔でミスト散布した（図１）。なお、培土はパートナー細菌入り牛糞堆肥（菌根くん）が約５％を加えたものを使用した。この有機養液土耕栽培において、ミツバチには全く悪影響がみられず、活発に受粉活動を行っていた（図２）。その結果、病害虫による被害が全くみられず、果実の品質が極めて良好であった。特に、試食者の全てが非常に美味しいイチゴであると語っていた。 (1) Organic hydroponic cultivation of strawberries using organic liquid fertilizer fermented with partner bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF: using Glomus clarum). The entire surface of the greenhouse was sprayed with PB) solution to exterminate pests and diseases within the greenhouse. Thereafter, during the cultivation period, a mist of organic liquid fertilizer (0.3 mS/cm) fermented with partner bacteria was sprayed at approximately one-week intervals (Figure 1). The soil used was approximately 5% cow dung compost containing partner bacteria (Mycorrhiza-kun). In this organic hydroponic cultivation, no negative effects were observed on bees, and they were actively pollinating (Figure 2). As a result, no damage caused by pests was observed, and the quality of the fruit was extremely good. In particular, all the tasters said that the strawberries were extremely delicious.
ＡＭＦ接種イチゴを定植する前、ハウス内をパートナー細菌（ＰＢ）溶液で全面噴霧し、ハウス内の病害虫を駆除した。その後、栽培期間中はパートナー細菌で発酵させた有機液肥（０．３ｍＳ／ｃｍ）をおよそ１週間間隔でミスト散布した（図１）。なお、培土はパートナー細菌入り牛糞堆肥（菌根くん）が約５％を加えたものを使用した。この有機養液土耕栽培において、ミツバチには全く悪影響がみられず、活発に受粉活動を行っていた（図２）。その結果、病害虫による被害が全くみられず、果実の品質が極めて良好であった。特に、試食者の全てが非常に美味しいイチゴであると語っていた。 (1) Organic hydroponic cultivation of strawberries using organic liquid fertilizer fermented with partner bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF: using Glomus clarum). The entire surface of the greenhouse was sprayed with PB) solution to exterminate pests and diseases within the greenhouse. Thereafter, during the cultivation period, a mist of organic liquid fertilizer (0.3 mS/cm) fermented with partner bacteria was sprayed at approximately one-week intervals (Figure 1). The soil used was approximately 5% cow dung compost containing partner bacteria (Mycorrhiza-kun). In this organic hydroponic cultivation, no negative effects were observed on bees, and they were actively pollinating (Figure 2). As a result, no damage caused by pests was observed, and the quality of the fruit was extremely good. In particular, all the tasters said that the strawberries were extremely delicious.
（２）パートナー細菌で発酵させた有機液肥とＡＭＦ（Ｇｌｏｍｕｓ ｃｌａｒｕｍを使用）を用いたイチゴの有機養液水耕栽培
ＡＭＦを接種したイチゴ苗を水耕栽培装置に定植した後、定期的にパートナー細菌入りの有機液肥（０．３ｍＳ／ｃｍ）を葉面散布した。なお、水槽内の養液ＥＣ濃度は、０．６ｍＳ／ｃｍとした。その結果、病害虫の発生が全くみられず、旺盛に生育した（図３および図４）。特に、２年生苗でも生育が良好であった（図４）。一般には、１年で苗の更新が行われるが、菌根菌とそのパートナー細菌を用いる場合には苗の１年更新でなくても良いことが明らかとなった。この水耕栽培法でのイチゴ果実の重量や糖酸度を測定したところ、慣行栽培とほとんど変わらないか、やや優る傾向がみられた（図５および図６）。しかし、食味については大きな差異がみられ、慣行栽培のイチゴでは「えぐ味」が感じられたが、有機養液水耕栽培イチゴでは「えぐ味」が全くなく、非常に美味しかった。「えぐ味」は、果実内の硝酸態窒素やカリの濃度が高いときに発生するので、現在、慣行の養液水耕栽培で推奨されている養液ＥＣ濃度が高いこと（１．５～２．０ｍＳ／ｃｍ）と関連があるものと考えられる。ちなみに、硝酸態窒素は癌、カリは腎臓病を誘発することが知られている。 (2) Organic hydroponic cultivation of strawberries using organic liquid fertilizer fermented with partner bacteria and AMF (using Glomus clarum) After planting the strawberry seedlings inoculated with AMF in a hydroponic cultivation device, periodically use partner bacteria Organic liquid fertilizer containing bacteria (0.3 mS/cm) was sprayed on the leaves. Note that the EC concentration of the nutrient solution in the water tank was 0.6 mS/cm. As a result, no pests or diseases were observed, and the plants grew vigorously (Figures 3 and 4). In particular, even two-year-old seedlings grew well (Figure 4). Generally, seedlings are renewed every year, but it has become clear that when using mycorrhizal fungi and their partner bacteria, it is not necessary to renew seedlings every year. When we measured the weight and sugar acidity of strawberry fruits produced using this hydroponic cultivation method, we found that they were almost the same or slightly superior to conventional cultivation (Figures 5 and 6). However, there was a big difference in taste: conventionally grown strawberries had a harsh taste, while organic hydroponic strawberries had no harsh taste at all and were extremely delicious. "Acrid taste" occurs when the concentration of nitrate nitrogen and potassium in the fruit is high. 2.0 mS/cm). By the way, nitrate nitrogen is known to cause cancer, and potash is known to induce kidney disease.
ＡＭＦを接種したイチゴ苗を水耕栽培装置に定植した後、定期的にパートナー細菌入りの有機液肥（０．３ｍＳ／ｃｍ）を葉面散布した。なお、水槽内の養液ＥＣ濃度は、０．６ｍＳ／ｃｍとした。その結果、病害虫の発生が全くみられず、旺盛に生育した（図３および図４）。特に、２年生苗でも生育が良好であった（図４）。一般には、１年で苗の更新が行われるが、菌根菌とそのパートナー細菌を用いる場合には苗の１年更新でなくても良いことが明らかとなった。この水耕栽培法でのイチゴ果実の重量や糖酸度を測定したところ、慣行栽培とほとんど変わらないか、やや優る傾向がみられた（図５および図６）。しかし、食味については大きな差異がみられ、慣行栽培のイチゴでは「えぐ味」が感じられたが、有機養液水耕栽培イチゴでは「えぐ味」が全くなく、非常に美味しかった。「えぐ味」は、果実内の硝酸態窒素やカリの濃度が高いときに発生するので、現在、慣行の養液水耕栽培で推奨されている養液ＥＣ濃度が高いこと（１．５～２．０ｍＳ／ｃｍ）と関連があるものと考えられる。ちなみに、硝酸態窒素は癌、カリは腎臓病を誘発することが知られている。 (2) Organic hydroponic cultivation of strawberries using organic liquid fertilizer fermented with partner bacteria and AMF (using Glomus clarum) After planting the strawberry seedlings inoculated with AMF in a hydroponic cultivation device, periodically use partner bacteria Organic liquid fertilizer containing bacteria (0.3 mS/cm) was sprayed on the leaves. Note that the EC concentration of the nutrient solution in the water tank was 0.6 mS/cm. As a result, no pests or diseases were observed, and the plants grew vigorously (Figures 3 and 4). In particular, even two-year-old seedlings grew well (Figure 4). Generally, seedlings are renewed every year, but it has become clear that when using mycorrhizal fungi and their partner bacteria, it is not necessary to renew seedlings every year. When we measured the weight and sugar acidity of strawberry fruits produced using this hydroponic cultivation method, we found that they were almost the same or slightly superior to conventional cultivation (Figures 5 and 6). However, there was a big difference in taste: conventionally grown strawberries had a harsh taste, while organic hydroponic strawberries had no harsh taste at all and were extremely delicious. "Acrid taste" occurs when the concentration of nitrate nitrogen and potassium in the fruit is high. 2.0 mS/cm). By the way, nitrate nitrogen is known to cause cancer, and potash is known to induce kidney disease.
（３）パートナー細菌で発酵させた有機液肥とＡＭＦ（Ｇｌｏｍｕｓ ｃｌａｒｕｍを使用）を用いたレタスおよびトマトの有機養液水耕栽培
前述のイチゴの場合と同様に、有機養液ＥＣ濃度０．６ｍＳ／ｃｍで、定期的にパートナー細菌入り有機液肥（０．３ｍＳ／ｃｍ）を葉面散布したところ、樹勢が旺盛で、病害虫の発生も全くみられなかった（図７）。 (3) Organic nutrient hydroponic cultivation of lettuce and tomatoes using organic liquid fertilizer fermented with partner bacteria and AMF (using Glomus clarum) As in the case of strawberries described above, the organic nutrient solution EC concentration was 0.6 mS/ When organic liquid fertilizer containing partner bacteria (0.3 mS/cm) was regularly sprayed on the leaves of the plants, the trees were vigorous and no pests or diseases were observed (Figure 7).
前述のイチゴの場合と同様に、有機養液ＥＣ濃度０．６ｍＳ／ｃｍで、定期的にパートナー細菌入り有機液肥（０．３ｍＳ／ｃｍ）を葉面散布したところ、樹勢が旺盛で、病害虫の発生も全くみられなかった（図７）。 (3) Organic nutrient hydroponic cultivation of lettuce and tomatoes using organic liquid fertilizer fermented with partner bacteria and AMF (using Glomus clarum) As in the case of strawberries described above, the organic nutrient solution EC concentration was 0.6 mS/ When organic liquid fertilizer containing partner bacteria (0.3 mS/cm) was regularly sprayed on the leaves of the plants, the trees were vigorous and no pests or diseases were observed (Figure 7).
（４）パートナー細菌で発酵させた有機液肥とＡＭＦ（Ｇｌｏｍｕｓ ｃｌａｒｕｍを使用）を用いた有機養液水耕栽培期間中に生産されたＡＭＦ新胞子
有機養液水耕栽培期間中に根の周辺に数多くの新しいＡＭＦ胞子が形成されることが明らかとなった（図８）。また、有機養液廃棄中に５０μｍメッシュのふるいを用いて、ふるいに残った新胞子を調査したところ、きれいな新胞子が数多く観察されたが、ごみは極めて少なかった（図９）。さらに、水耕栽培用水槽内から採取された胞子数は、イチゴ、レタス、トマトともに多く、ＡＭＦ新胞子が多数生息していた（図１０）。ちなみに、パートナー細菌数も、栽培期間の長さにもよるが、１０６～１０１０個も増加していた。これらの結果は、化学合成農薬や化学肥料を使用している慣行養液水耕栽培や慣行養液土耕栽培では廃液の処分に多額の費用がかかっているが、本発明では、人畜や環境に悪影響を及ぼしている危険な化学合成農薬や化学肥料を用いない、有機養液水耕栽培技術および有機養液土耕栽培技術であるので、廃液中にはＡＭＦ新胞子やパートナー細菌が数多く生産されていた。それゆえ、この廃液の有効利用が望まれる。その有効利用の一つとして、栽培期間中、作物の根などから溶出されると思われる微量のいや地物質などの生長阻害物質をゼオライトなどに吸着（除去）させて、廃液を農地で再利用できることを示唆しているだけでなく、菌根菌やパートナー細菌の生産にも活用できることを明らかにしている。このように、菌根菌とそのパートナー細菌を活用した有機養液水耕栽培および有機養液土耕栽培は、これからの安心・安全で持続可能な作物生産のあり方を提起する画期的な栽培技術であると言える。 (4) AMF neospores produced during organic hydroponic cultivation using organic liquid fertilizer fermented with partner bacteria and AMF (using Glomus clarum) around the roots during organic hydroponic cultivation. It became clear that many new AMF spores were formed (Figure 8). Furthermore, when we examined the neospores remaining on the sieve using a 50 μm mesh sieve while disposing of the organic nutrient solution, we observed many clean neospores, but very little garbage (Figure 9). Furthermore, the number of spores collected from the hydroponic cultivation tanks was large for all of the strawberries, lettuce, and tomatoes, and many AMF neospores were present (Figure 10). Incidentally, the number of partner bacteria also increased by 10 6 to 10 10 , depending on the length of the cultivation period. These results demonstrate that conventional hydroponic cultivation and conventional hydroponic soil cultivation, which use chemically synthesized pesticides and fertilizers, require a large amount of cost to dispose of waste liquid, but with the present invention, it is possible to reduce costs for humans, animals, and the environment. Organic hydroponic cultivation technology and organic hydroponic cultivation technology do not use dangerous synthetic pesticides and chemical fertilizers that have a negative impact on the environment, so large numbers of AMF new spores and partner bacteria are produced in the waste liquid. It had been. Therefore, effective use of this waste liquid is desired. One of its effective uses is to adsorb (remove) trace amounts of growth-inhibiting substances such as soil substances that are thought to be eluted from the roots of crops during the cultivation period using zeolite, etc., and reuse the waste liquid in farmland. This study not only suggests that this method can be used, but also reveals that it can be used to produce mycorrhizal fungi and partner bacteria. In this way, organic hydroponic cultivation and organic hydroponic cultivation that utilize mycorrhizal fungi and their partner bacteria are groundbreaking cultivation methods that offer safe, secure, and sustainable crop production in the future. It can be said that it is a technology.
有機養液水耕栽培期間中に根の周辺に数多くの新しいＡＭＦ胞子が形成されることが明らかとなった（図８）。また、有機養液廃棄中に５０μｍメッシュのふるいを用いて、ふるいに残った新胞子を調査したところ、きれいな新胞子が数多く観察されたが、ごみは極めて少なかった（図９）。さらに、水耕栽培用水槽内から採取された胞子数は、イチゴ、レタス、トマトともに多く、ＡＭＦ新胞子が多数生息していた（図１０）。ちなみに、パートナー細菌数も、栽培期間の長さにもよるが、１０６～１０１０個も増加していた。これらの結果は、化学合成農薬や化学肥料を使用している慣行養液水耕栽培や慣行養液土耕栽培では廃液の処分に多額の費用がかかっているが、本発明では、人畜や環境に悪影響を及ぼしている危険な化学合成農薬や化学肥料を用いない、有機養液水耕栽培技術および有機養液土耕栽培技術であるので、廃液中にはＡＭＦ新胞子やパートナー細菌が数多く生産されていた。それゆえ、この廃液の有効利用が望まれる。その有効利用の一つとして、栽培期間中、作物の根などから溶出されると思われる微量のいや地物質などの生長阻害物質をゼオライトなどに吸着（除去）させて、廃液を農地で再利用できることを示唆しているだけでなく、菌根菌やパートナー細菌の生産にも活用できることを明らかにしている。このように、菌根菌とそのパートナー細菌を活用した有機養液水耕栽培および有機養液土耕栽培は、これからの安心・安全で持続可能な作物生産のあり方を提起する画期的な栽培技術であると言える。 (4) AMF neospores produced during organic hydroponic cultivation using organic liquid fertilizer fermented with partner bacteria and AMF (using Glomus clarum) around the roots during organic hydroponic cultivation. It became clear that many new AMF spores were formed (Figure 8). Furthermore, when we examined the neospores remaining on the sieve using a 50 μm mesh sieve while disposing of the organic nutrient solution, we observed many clean neospores, but very little garbage (Figure 9). Furthermore, the number of spores collected from the hydroponic cultivation tanks was large for all of the strawberries, lettuce, and tomatoes, and many AMF neospores were present (Figure 10). Incidentally, the number of partner bacteria also increased by 10 6 to 10 10 , depending on the length of the cultivation period. These results demonstrate that conventional hydroponic cultivation and conventional hydroponic soil cultivation, which use chemically synthesized pesticides and fertilizers, require a large amount of cost to dispose of waste liquid, but with the present invention, it is possible to reduce costs for humans, animals, and the environment. Organic hydroponic cultivation technology and organic hydroponic cultivation technology do not use dangerous synthetic pesticides and chemical fertilizers that have a negative impact on the environment, so large numbers of AMF new spores and partner bacteria are produced in the waste liquid. It had been. Therefore, effective use of this waste liquid is desired. One of its effective uses is to adsorb (remove) trace amounts of growth-inhibiting substances such as soil substances that are thought to be eluted from the roots of crops during the cultivation period using zeolite, etc., and reuse the waste liquid in farmland. This study not only suggests that this method can be used, but also reveals that it can be used to produce mycorrhizal fungi and partner bacteria. In this way, organic hydroponic cultivation and organic hydroponic cultivation that utilize mycorrhizal fungi and their partner bacteria are groundbreaking cultivation methods that offer safe, secure, and sustainable crop production in the future. It can be said that it is a technology.
Claims (3)
- 菌根菌とそのパートナー細菌とを活用した有機養液水耕栽培および有機養液土耕栽培に係る有機栽培方法であって、
前記パートナー細菌を施設内または圃場内で蔓延させる、ことを特徴とする有機栽培方法。 An organic cultivation method relating to organic hydroponic cultivation and organic hydroponic cultivation using mycorrhizal fungi and their partner bacteria,
An organic cultivation method characterized by spreading the partner bacteria within a facility or a field. - 菌根菌とそのパートナー細菌を活用した有機養液水耕栽培下で作物生産を行い、
前記菌根菌胞子および前記パートナー細菌を生産する、
ことを特徴とする有機栽培方法。 Crops are produced using organic hydroponic cultivation using mycorrhizal fungi and their partner bacteria.
producing the mycorrhizal fungal spores and the partner bacterium;
An organic cultivation method characterized by - Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ属におけるＢａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｐ．（ＫＴＣＩＧＭＥ０１）ＮＢＲＣ１０９６３３菌株、Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ属におけるＢａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｔｈｕｒｉｎｇｉｅｎｓｉｓ（ＫＴＣＩＧＭＥ０２）ＮＢＲＣ１０９６３４菌株、Ｐａｅｎｉｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ属におけるＰａｅｎｉｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｒｈｉｚｏｓｐｈａｅｒａｅ（ＫＴＣＩＧＭＥ０３）ＮＢＲＣ１０９６３５菌株、およびＰｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ属における、Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ ｓｐ．（ＫＣＩＧＣ０１）ＮＢＲＣ１０９６１３菌株の群より選択された少なくとも一種類以上のパートナー細菌と、
相同性が９７％以上の微生物と、を含有する、有益微生物を用いる、
ことを特徴とする請求項１および２に記載の有機栽培方法。 Bacillus sp. in the Bacillus genus. (KTCIGME01) NBRC109633 strain, Bacillus thuringiensis in the genus Bacillus (KTCIGME02) NBRC109634 strain, Paenibacillus rhizosphaerae in the genus Paenibacillus (KTCIGME03) NBRC109635 strain, and Pseudomonas sp. (KCIGC01) at least one type of partner bacteria selected from the group of NBRC109613 strains,
Using beneficial microorganisms containing microorganisms with a homology of 97% or more,
The organic cultivation method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that:
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH05153863A (en) * | 1991-12-06 | 1993-06-22 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | Method for proliferating va mycorrhizal fungi |
| WO2012121102A1 (en) * | 2011-03-04 | 2012-09-13 | 公益財団法人サントリー生命科学財団 | Growth regulation agent for plants, growth regulation method for plants and use of same |
| JP2019064890A (en) * | 2017-10-04 | 2019-04-25 | 孝昭 石井 | Organic liquid fertilizer and organic solid fertilizer, and method of producing organic liquid fertilizer and organic solid fertilizer |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH05153863A (en) * | 1991-12-06 | 1993-06-22 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | Method for proliferating va mycorrhizal fungi |
| WO2012121102A1 (en) * | 2011-03-04 | 2012-09-13 | 公益財団法人サントリー生命科学財団 | Growth regulation agent for plants, growth regulation method for plants and use of same |
| JP2019064890A (en) * | 2017-10-04 | 2019-04-25 | 孝昭 石井 | Organic liquid fertilizer and organic solid fertilizer, and method of producing organic liquid fertilizer and organic solid fertilizer |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| ISHII TAKAAKI: "The Interests of Mycorrhizal Fungi Farming", JOURNAL OF MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI, JAPAN MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI FOUNDATION, vol. 4, 25 March 2023 (2023-03-25), pages 16 - 18, XP093148374 * |
| ISHII TAKAAKI: "The world's first organic hydroponic cultivation technology using mycorrhizal fungi and their partner bacteria", JOURNAL OF MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI, vol. 3, 18 December 2021 (2021-12-18), pages 15 - 25, XP093148370 * |
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