WO2024051034A1 - 一种合成气无水循环洗涤净化装置及净化方法 - Google Patents

一种合成气无水循环洗涤净化装置及净化方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024051034A1
WO2024051034A1 PCT/CN2022/141759 CN2022141759W WO2024051034A1 WO 2024051034 A1 WO2024051034 A1 WO 2024051034A1 CN 2022141759 W CN2022141759 W CN 2022141759W WO 2024051034 A1 WO2024051034 A1 WO 2024051034A1
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Prior art keywords
circulation
mop
syngas
fan
housing
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PCT/CN2022/141759
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English (en)
French (fr)
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卜权
甘鹏建
龙海蓉
汪梅
毛罕平
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江苏大学
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Publication of WO2024051034A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024051034A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
    • C10K1/16—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with non-aqueous liquids
    • C10K1/18—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with non-aqueous liquids hydrocarbon oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/32—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide with selectively adsorptive solids, e.g. active carbon

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of gas purification and is mainly used for washing and purifying crude synthesis gas. Specifically, it relates to a waterless cycle washing and purification device and a purification method for synthesis gas.
  • Organic waste can be effectively treated through pyrolysis or gasification.
  • the principle is mainly to remove the waste from the waste through thermochemistry.
  • the organic macromolecules are broken, thereby producing small molecule gases, tar and residues.
  • the gas product is mainly synthesis gas, which can be used as raw material gas in the chemical industry and has high utilization value.
  • Syngas contains a certain amount of tar, which usually gradually condenses into a viscous liquid below 300°C and adheres to the inner wall of the pipeline, causing pipeline blockage and equipment corrosion. In severe cases, it may even affect the normal operation of the equipment. Therefore, the crude syngas must be purified and decoked before it can be used in downstream equipment.
  • Chinese patent CN108130136A discloses a biomass gas tar purification device.
  • the device uses an activated carbon layer arranged at the bottom of the cyclone separator to adsorb dust in the tar, thereby recycling it.
  • Tar is also used as a detergent to wash gas, but the viscosity of heavy tar is very high. When a large amount of heavy tar passes through the activated carbon layer, it will easily cause the activated carbon layer to become blocked and fail.
  • Chinese patent CN214612331U discloses an organic solid waste pyrolysis gas purification device, which passes The gas pipeline is subjected to heat exchange treatment to recover heat, but this method will cause the tar in the gas to condense on the inner wall of the pipeline in advance, causing pipeline blockage and corrosion.
  • the device also purifies the gas by spraying alkali liquid, which produces a large amount of Oily wastewater, and tar products cannot be effectively collected, resulting in serious waste of energy.
  • the present invention provides a syngas anhydrous circulation washing and purification device and its application.
  • the device combines decoking in a variety of ways, effectively improves the gas purification efficiency, and recycles the product tar and carbon. , can not produce oily wastewater during the purification process, and also facilitates the collection and storage of tar.
  • the present invention achieves the above technical objectives through the following technical means.
  • a waterless circulation washing and purification device for syngas which is characterized in that it includes a first circulation purification unit, a second circulation purification unit, and a mop fan connecting the two units;
  • the first circulation purification unit includes a first housing, a Venturi scrubber and a heavy tar circulation spray system.
  • the Venturi scrubber is vertically installed in the central area inside the first housing.
  • the Venturi scrubber The air inlet extends through the side wall of the upper part of the first housing to the outside of the first housing, and the air outlet is facing the liquid film pool at the bottom of the first housing;
  • the heavy tar circulation spray system includes flashlights connected in series.
  • the liquid inlet of the flash tank is connected to the liquid film pool through pipelines.
  • the first circulation pump is also connected to the internal venturi scrubber.
  • the atomizing nozzle is connected;
  • the mop fan mainly includes a casing, a fan inlet, a fan outlet, a blade rotating chamber, an oil collection tank, a mop blade, and a drive motor for the mop blade;
  • the blade rotating chamber is located at the upper part of the casing, and the mop blade is located on the blade.
  • the mop blades are composed of moistened fine fibers, and there are channels between each mop blade for syngas circulation;
  • the oil collection tank is located directly below the blade rotating chamber, and the fan inlet It is located on the upper end surface of the casing and is connected to the blade rotation chamber, and the fan outlet is located on the upper part of the casing;
  • the mop fan is connected to the first casing through the fan inlet and the pipe;
  • the second circulation purification unit includes a second shell, a bubbling scrubber, and an activated carbon adsorption bed.
  • the second shell is divided into two upper and lower chambers.
  • the bubbling scrubber is located in the lower chamber and includes a bubbling scrubber. and a bubble cutter, the air inlet of the bubbler is connected to the fan outlet of the mop fan, the bubble cutter is located above the bubbler; the activated carbon adsorption bed is located in the upper chamber of the second shell, and the activated carbon
  • a waste carbon discharge port extending to the outside of the second shell is provided at the bottom of the adsorption bed.
  • the waste carbon discharge port is opened and closed controlled by an electromagnetic valve.
  • the top of the second housing is also provided with a clean gas outlet and an activated carbon inlet.
  • a transparent observation window is installed on the bottom side wall of the first housing.
  • the observation window is located between the venturi scrubber outlet and the liquid film pool.
  • the transparent observation window is also a liquid level indicator.
  • anti-clogging cleaning nozzles are evenly distributed inside the first housing, the anti-clogging cleaning nozzles are connected to the cleaning fluid storage tank, and the spraying direction is toward the inner wall of the first housing and the outer wall of the Venturi scrubber; the third A sewage outlet is provided at the bottom of the housing.
  • the installation angle of the mop blades is 27°-40°, and the number of blades is 5-12.
  • the fibers constituting the mop blades are made of nylon.
  • the fiber fibers constituting the mop blades are PA610.
  • the upper and lower chambers of the second housing are separated by a tapered partition with air holes, and the waste carbon discharge port is located at the center of the tapered partition.
  • an oil-based detergent regeneration system including a stripping tower and a second circulation pump.
  • the stripping tower is connected to the lower part of the second housing of the second circulation purification unit, and is connected to the second circulation pump through the second circulation pump.
  • the lower chamber of the housing is connected to the upper part.
  • the fan outlet is tangent to the side wall of the casing.
  • the syngas is initially purified in the first cycle purification unit through a combination of Venturi scrubbing, liquid film impaction, and air cooling: Venturi scrubbing uses heavy tar as the detergent, and the liquid membrane is composed of Composed of a mixture of oil and dust produced during Venturi washing;
  • the second circulation purification unit performs final decoking and purification of the syngas from the mop fan through activated carbon adsorption and bubbling washing, where an oil-based detergent is used for bubble washing, and the oil-based detergent can be Steam stripping is reused, and activated carbon is produced by splitting the syngas and returning it to the furnace to activate coke.
  • the first shell in the present invention combines the three applications of Venturi scrubbing, liquid film impaction and air cooling.
  • the Venturi scrubber quenches the crude synthesis gas by spraying heavy tar. After passing through the tar droplets and After the dust particles are captured, the condensed tar droplets and dust particles accelerate and impact the liquid film pool under the Venturi scrubber.
  • the liquid film impact causes the gas to rise in reverse and start air cooling, while the heavy tar droplets and dust dissolve.
  • Deposited in the liquid film tank there are no redundant pipes in the whole process, and there is no risk of tar blockage.
  • the three applications are closely combined, making the gas purification efficiency higher, tar recovery more convenient, and no large amounts of oily wastewater will be generated. , environmentally friendly and pollution-free.
  • the temperature of the heavy tar detergent rises after exchanging heat with the crude syngas.
  • the flash tank can use the heat of the heavy tar detergent itself to achieve rapid evaporation. With the condenser and oil-water separator, it can remove oil, water and dust particles. Separation ensures the stable effect of heavy tar detergent, and also effectively recovers and utilizes the sensible heat of crude synthesis gas.
  • the blades of the mop fan are composed of tiny moistening fiber filaments. Through a special arrangement, they can circulate the syngas. At the same time, the fiber filaments of the blades have a large surface area. During the collision with the syngas, It can adsorb trace amounts of heavy tar droplets and small dust particles in the gas to the fiber surface.
  • the lower chamber of the second housing is a bubbling washer, which is washed with an oil-based detergent.
  • the detergent can be vegetable oil, diesel or even waste catering oil and other oily substances that have good solubility with tar, and are washed in the bubble Under the action of bubbles and bubble cutting, the syngas is fully contacted with the oil-based detergent, thereby absorbing the light tar in the gas. After working for a period of time, the stripping tower can also be used to strip and desorb the oil-based detergent for recycling. Oil-based detergent.
  • the upper chamber of the second shell is an activated carbon adsorption bed.
  • the activated carbon is produced by splitting the purified syngas and returning it to the furnace to activate coke. Its rich pore structure can adsorb light tar in the syngas and can be used after the adsorption performance declines. It can be used for combustion and heat supply in syngas generators or stripping towers, or it can be reactivated for reuse.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the syngas anhydrous circulation washing and purification device according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the mop fan housing in the waterless circulation washing and purification device for syngas according to the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a mop blade in the syngas waterless circulation washing and purification device according to the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a conical partition in the waterless circulation washing and purification device for syngas according to the present invention.
  • connection In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly stated and limited, the terms “installation”, “connection”, “connection”, “fixing” and other terms should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. , or integrally connected; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be an internal connection between two components.
  • connection connection
  • fixing and other terms should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. , or integrally connected; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be an internal connection between two components.
  • the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.
  • FIG. 1 is a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • the syngas anhydrous circulation washing and purification device according to the present invention includes a first circulation purification unit and a second circulation purification unit, and a connection between the first circulation purification unit and the second circulation purification unit.
  • the first circulation purification unit includes a first housing 1, a venturi scrubber 4 and a heavy tar circulation spray system.
  • the venturi scrubber 4 is arranged vertically in the central area inside the first housing 1.
  • the venturi scrubber 4 is fixed by a support connected to the inner wall of the first housing.
  • the venturi scrubber air inlet 2 Extending through the side wall of the upper part of the first housing 1 to the outside of the first housing 1, the air inlet 2 can be directly connected to syngas production equipment such as a pyrolysis furnace or a gasifier, or can also be connected to a cyclone separator or the like. Syngas pre-dust removal equipment, the air outlet of the Venturi scrubber 4 is facing the liquid film pool 7 at the bottom of the first housing 1.
  • the liquid film tank 7 stores a mixture of heavy tar and dust at a certain depth. There is a certain distance between the liquid level of the mixed liquid and the air outlet of the Venturi scrubber 4. The depth and liquid level of the liquid film tank 7 are as high as the Venturi scrubber.
  • venturi scrubber 4 The distance of the outlet can be observed through the transparent observation window 6 on the lower side of the first housing 1.
  • the above-mentioned venturi scrubber 4 is a wet dust removal equipment.
  • a low-pressure area is formed at the constriction, forcing the syngas to pass through at high speed, and an atomizing nozzle 3 is provided in front of the throat, which sprays the scrubber.
  • the liquid is crushed by the high-speed air flow into countless tiny droplets. These droplets not only chill the high-temperature synthesis gas, but also have a large contact surface area, so that the dust and tar particles entrained in the gas are captured by the droplets. set.
  • the air flow has an impact on the liquid film pool 7 and changes the direction of the air flow.
  • the air flow begins It rises in the opposite direction and enters the annular air-cooling area between the first housing 1 and the Venturi scrubber 4, while the dust-containing droplets continue to move in the original direction due to inertia until the dust and tar are dissolved and deposited in the liquid film tank 7 .
  • the first housing 1 also includes anti-clogging flushing nozzles 5 evenly distributed in the housing.
  • the inner wall of the first housing 1 and the outer wall of the Venturi scrubber 4 are regularly cleaned by spraying water or ethanol and other solutions to ensure air cooling in the annular air cooling area. As a result, the cleaned sewage is discharged from the sewage outlet 8 at the bottom of the first housing 1 .
  • the heavy tar spray system includes a flash tank 10 , a condenser 11 , an oil-water separator 12 , an oil storage tank 14 and a first circulation pump 13 .
  • the liquid inlet of the flash tank 10 is connected to the liquid film pool 7 at the bottom of the first shell 1 through a pipeline.
  • the tar inventory in the liquid film pool 7 continues to increase, and excess The tar will be input into the flash tank 10 through a pipeline for flash evaporation treatment.
  • the temperature of the heavy tar washing liquid increases, while the temperature of the synthesis gas decreases.
  • the negative pressure principle of flash evaporation can be used to quickly reach the higher temperature of the heavy tar washing liquid. Overheated state, thereby instantly evaporating into gaseous state, achieving solid-liquid separation of dust particles and tar, and the generated flash gas is condensed by the subsequent condenser 11 and separated by the oil-water separator 12 to obtain anhydrous heavy tar, and is input to the storage through pipelines Oil tank 14, the heavy tar in the oil storage tank 14 is re-pumped into the atomizing nozzle 3 in the Venturi scrubber 4 under the action of the first circulation pump 13, thereby circulating the synthesis gas, and the flash evaporation
  • the tank 10 is connected in series with the condenser 11, the oil-water separator 12, the oil storage tank 14 and the first circulation pump 13 in sequence to form a circulation pipeline.
  • the mop fan mainly includes a casing 901, a fan inlet 902, a fan outlet 903, a blade rotation chamber 904, an oil collection tank 905, a mop blade 906, and a driver for the mop blade 906 motor.
  • the blade rotation chamber 904 is located at the upper part of the casing 901.
  • the mop blades 906 are located inside the blade rotation chamber 904 and are drivingly connected to the drive motor.
  • the mop blades 906 are composed of moistened fine fibers.
  • the oil collection tank 905 is located directly below the blade rotating chamber 904, the fan inlet 902 is located on the upper end surface of the casing 901 and is connected to the blade rotating chamber 904, and the fan outlet 903 is located at the upper part of the casing 901 .
  • the fan inlet 902 is connected to the syngas outlet at the top of the first housing 1 .
  • the mop blades 906 are composed of a large number of moistened fine fiber filaments.
  • the fiber filaments are made of nylon, preferably corrosion-resistant PA610, and passed through The special spiral arrangement can circulate syngas.
  • the fiber filaments of the blades have a large surface area and can adsorb trace amounts of heavy tar droplets and small dust particles in the gas to the fibers during the collision with the syngas.
  • On the surface, the lower part of the casing 901 is an oil collection tank 905.
  • the oil collection tank 905 is located below the blade rotation chamber.
  • the tar droplets and dust particles intercepted by the mop blades flow into the oil collection tank along the wall of the blade rotation chamber 904 under the action of centrifugal force. 905.
  • the mop fan outlet 903 channel is tangent to the upper part of the casing 901.
  • the second circulation purification unit includes a second housing 15 and an oil-based detergent regeneration system.
  • the second housing 15 is divided into two chambers, upper and lower, for bubble washing.
  • the scrubber 21 is located in the lower chamber and is washed with an oil-based detergent.
  • the detergent can be vegetable oil, diesel or even waste catering oil and other oily substances that have good tar solubility.
  • the bubble scrubber 21 includes a bubbler. 23 and a bubble cutter 22.
  • the inlet of the bubbler 23 is connected to the mop fan air outlet 903 and can fully mix the syngas from the mop fan 9 with the oil-based detergent through bubbling.
  • the bubble cutter 22 is located at Above the bubbler 23, the large syngas bubbles released by the bubbler 23 are cut into smaller bubbles to increase the gas-liquid contact area, thereby absorbing the light tar in the syngas.
  • the oil-based detergent regeneration system It includes a stripping tower 24 and a second circulation pump 25.
  • the stripping tower 24 forms a closed loop with the bubbling scrubber 21 through the second circulation pump 25, and desorbs the tar in the oil-based detergent through regular stripping operations.
  • the upper chamber of the second shell 15 is an activated carbon adsorption bed 18.
  • the upper and lower chambers are separated by a conical partition 19 with pores.
  • the conical partition 19 has a waste carbon discharge port 26 in the center.
  • the outlet 26 leads directly to the bottom of the second housing 15.
  • the waste carbon discharge port 26 is opened and closed controlled by the solenoid valve 20.
  • the top of the second housing 15 is also provided with a clean syngas outlet 16 and a waste carbon inlet 17.
  • Activated carbon is a by-product in the synthesis gas production process. Its rich pore structure adsorbs and removes light tar from the syngas in the lower chamber. After the adsorption performance declines, it can be used for combustion supply in the syngas generator or stripper 24. Heat, or reactivation for reuse.
  • the first circulation purification unit When purifying the syngas anhydrous circulation washing and purification device of the present invention, when the syngas anhydrous circulation washing and purification device is connected to the syngas generation system, the first circulation purification unit first passes through Venturi washing, liquid film impact, The synthesis gas is initially purified by a combination of air-cooling and three-application methods. This unit mainly removes heavy tar and large dust particles in the gas. Venturi washing uses heavy tar as a detergent, and the liquid film is produced by Venturi washing.
  • the mop fan 9 is composed of a mixture of oil and dust. The mop fan 9 is immediately connected to the rear end of the first circulation purification unit. Its mop blades 906 are composed of a large number of small fiber filaments.
  • the mop fan 9 mainly intercepts trace amounts of heavy tar and small particles of dust.
  • the second cycle purification unit washes the syngas from the mop fan 9 through bubbles. and activated carbon adsorption for final decoking and purification. This unit mainly removes light tar. Bubble washing uses oil-based detergent. The oil-based detergent can be reused through stripping operations, and activated carbon is synthesized. Produced by activated coke in the gas furnace.
  • Cotton straw is a renewable biomass energy. Through biomass energy conversion technology, cotton straw is gasified and converted into flammable gas or electricity.
  • the gas production volume of cotton straw gasification using a certain downdraft gasifier is 100-600m 3 /h, and the gasification efficiency is about 70%.
  • the content of tar and dust in unpurified biomass synthesis gas is generally 10 -200g/m 3 , while the allowable tar content of internal combustion engines is 30 to 50 mg/N m 3 , so the syngas needs to be purified.
  • Syngas is purified using the purification device shown in Figure 1 of the present invention.
  • the purification method is as follows:
  • the operating temperature of the gasification furnace is 600-900°C.
  • the syngas outlet is directly connected to the Venturi scrubber air inlet 2 outside the first housing 1.
  • the syngas is monitored through a sensor provided on the syngas input pipe. The temperature and flow rate are monitored.
  • the atomizing nozzle 3 inside the scrubber begins to spray the normal temperature heavy tar detergent in the oil storage tank 14 into the Venturi scrubber 4.
  • the power of the first circulation pump 13 is controlled according to the temperature and flow parameters fed back by the sensor on the syngas input pipeline, thereby adjusting the liquid-gas ratio of the heavy tar detergent and the syngas. After the heat and mass transfer of the tar detergent, the temperature drops to 200 ⁇ 300°C.
  • the heavy tar containing impurities in the liquid film tank 7 is input into the flash tank 10 through the pipeline.
  • the superheated heavy tar quickly changes into a gaseous state, thereby separating a large number of dust particles accumulated in the heavy tar.
  • the high-temperature flash gas then enters the condenser 11 after the flash tank 10.
  • the condensed high-temperature hot water passes through the boiler to generate steam and is passed into the gasifier as a gasification agent, while the condensed heavy tar passes through the oil and water.
  • the separator 12 separates a small amount of water, and finally returns the pure heavy tar to a normal temperature state back to the oil storage tank 14, and then enters the Venturi scrubber 4 again for washing work under the action of the first circulation pump 13.
  • the syngas After the syngas is initially purified by the first cycle scrubbing system, most of the dust particles and tar in the gas are removed, and the sensible heat of the syngas is also effectively recovered and utilized, and the syngas whose temperature drops to about 180°C follows.
  • the syngas Inhaled by the mop fan 9 behind the first housing 1, the syngas collides with the high-speed rotating mop blades 906 in the blade rotation chamber 901. A small amount of heavy tar and fine dust particles remaining in the gas are absorbed by the fibers on the mop blades 906.
  • the wire intercepts and adsorbs, and then throws away the blade under the action of centrifugal force, and collects the thrown away residual oil through the oil collection tank 905.
  • the tar in the oil collection tank 905 The flash tank 10 is introduced every 15 days or so. After being intercepted and purified by the mop fan 9, the temperature of the syngas drops to 120°C to 150°C, and the heavy tar and dust particles in the syngas are completely removed. Then, under the pressurized transportation of the mop fan 9, the syngas enters In the bubbling washer 21 in the lower chamber of the second housing 15, synthetic gas bubbles are bubbled through the bubbler 23 provided inside the lower chamber, and the bubble cutter 22 located above the bubbler 23 further cuts the synthetic gas bubbles. Broken into countless tiny bubbles, it increases the heat and mass transfer area between syngas and oil-based detergent.
  • the temperature of the syngas drops to about 50°C, and most of the light tar in the gas is absorbed by the oil-based detergent.
  • the oil-based detergent in the bubbling scrubber 21 is input into the stripping tower 24 every 20 days or so to perform a desorption operation to remove the light tar and moisture in the oil-based detergent, and then passes through the third The secondary circulation pump 25 re-inputs the organic detergent into the bubbling washer 21 for recycling.
  • the syngas that has been bubbled and washed passes through the conical partition 19 and enters the activated carbon adsorption bed 18 in the upper chamber of the second housing 15.
  • the activated carbon is produced by the activation of the residual coke in the gasification furnace and has rich The void structure can absorb residual light tar and moisture, and finally the clean and impurity-free syngas is discharged from the gas outlet 16.
  • the waste activated carbon with reduced adsorption performance is discharged through the waste carbon discharge port 26. Part of the waste activated carbon is returned to the furnace for reactivation, and the other part is directly burned to provide heat to the stripping tower 24.
  • the above-mentioned waterless circulation washing and purification process not only produces no oily wastewater, but also recycles tar and carbon products. It adopts a combination of tar stage removal scheme and multi-system decoking technology for decoking and purification, without the need for syngas pre-treatment.
  • the system is directly connected to the syngas generating device.
  • the temperature of the syngas coming out of the gas outlet 16 can be reduced to 20-40°C, the dust content is controlled below 30mg/ Nm3 , and the tar content is below 18mg/ Nm3 , which is within the allowable range of the internal combustion engine.
  • the tar content is within 50mg//Nm 3 .

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Abstract

一种合成气无水循环洗涤净化装置及净化方法，所述装置主要包括第一循环净化单元与第二循环净化单元以及连接两单元的拖把风机（9）。所述第一循环净化单元包括第一壳体（1）与重焦油循环喷淋系统，通过文丘里洗涤和液膜冲击以及空冷对气体中的重焦油以及灰尘颗粒进行初步捕集；所述拖把风机（9）的叶片由大量细小的润湿纤维丝组成，其较大的表面积有助于重焦油与灰尘颗粒的进一步拦截；所述第二循环净化单元包括第二壳体（15）与油基洗涤剂再生系统，通过鼓泡方式以及活性炭床层吸收气体中剩余的轻质焦油。该装置及方法通过循环利用自产的焦油和炭进行气体净化，全程无水洗涤，经济环保，应用前景广阔。

Description

一种合成气无水循环洗涤净化装置及净化方法 技术领域
本发明属于燃气净化技术领域，主要用于粗合成气的洗涤净化，具体涉及一种合成气无水循环洗涤净化装置及净化方法。
背景技术
随着我国工业化水平和人们生活水平的不断提高，有机废弃物的产量也快速提升，通过热解或气化的方式可有效处理有机废弃物，其原理主要是通过热化学的方式将废物中的有机大分子断开，从而产生小分子气体、焦油和残渣，其中气体产物主要为合成气，可作为化工行业中的原料气，具有较高的利用价值。
由于合成气中含有一定量的焦油，这些焦油通常在300℃以下逐渐冷凝成黏稠状的液体，并附着在管道内壁上，导致管道堵塞和设备腐蚀，严重时甚至会影响设备的正常运行。因此，粗合成气必须经过净化除焦后才能用于下游设备。
目前国内外有很多关于燃气净化设备的研究成果，如中国专利CN108130136A公开了一种生物质燃气焦油净化装置，该装置通过布置在旋风分离器底部的活性炭层对焦油中的灰尘进行吸附，从而回收焦油并用作洗涤剂洗涤燃气，但重焦油的粘性很高，大量的重焦油通过活性炭层时容易导致活性炭层堵塞失效，中国专利CN214612331U公开了一种有机固废热解燃气净化装置，该装置通过对输气管道进行换热处理来回收热量，但此法会导致燃气中的焦油提前冷凝在管道内壁，导致管道堵塞和腐蚀，该装置还通过喷淋碱液方式对燃气进行净化，产生了大量含油废水，而且焦油产物没能有效收集，能量浪费严重。
发明内容
本发明针对上述存在的技术问题，提供一种合成气无水循环洗涤净化装置及其应用，该装置通过多种方式联合除焦，有效提高了气体净化效率，并通过对产物焦油与炭的循环利用，能够在净化过程中不产生含油废水，同时还便于焦油的收集储存。
本发明是通过以下技术手段实现上述技术目的的。
一种合成气无水循环洗涤净化装置，其特征在于，包括第一循环净化单元与第二循环净化单元以及连接两单元的拖把风机；
所述第一循环净化单元包括第一壳体、文丘里洗涤器与重焦油循环喷淋系统，所述文丘里洗涤器竖直设置在第一壳体内部的中心区域，所述文丘里洗涤器进气口穿过第一壳体上部的侧壁延伸到第一壳体外部，出气口则正对着第一壳体底部的液膜池；所述重焦油循环喷淋 系统包括依次串联的闪蒸罐、冷凝器、油水分离器、储油罐以及第一循环泵，所述闪蒸罐的进液口通过管道与液膜池相连，所述第一循环泵还与文丘里洗涤器内部的雾化喷头相连；
所述拖把风机主要包括机壳、风机进口、风机出口、叶片旋转室、集油槽、拖把叶片，以及用于拖把叶片的驱动电机；所述叶片旋转室位于机壳内部的上部，拖把叶片位于叶片旋转室内部且与驱动电机传动连接，所述拖把叶片由润湿的细小纤维丝组成，各拖把叶片之间还留有通道供合成气循环；所述集油槽位于叶片旋转室正下方，风机进口位于机壳的上端面、且与叶片旋转室连通，风机出口位于机壳上部；所述拖把风机通过风机进口以及管道与第一壳体连通；
所述第二循环净化单元包括第二壳体、鼓泡洗涤器、活性炭吸附床层，所述第二壳体分为上下两个腔室，鼓泡洗涤器位于下腔室中，包括鼓泡器和气泡切割器，所述鼓泡器进气口与拖把风机的风机出口连通，所述气泡切割器位于鼓泡器上方；活性炭吸附床层位于所述第二壳体的上腔室，活性炭吸附床层底部设置延伸至第二壳体外部的废炭排出口，所述废炭排出口由电磁阀门控制开闭，所述第二壳体顶部还设有干净气体出气口以及活性炭进口。
进一步地，所述第一壳体底部侧壁上装有透明观察窗，所述观察窗位于文丘里洗涤器出口与液膜池之间，所述透明观察窗同时也是液位显示器。
进一步地，所述第一壳体内部均匀分布有防堵清洗喷嘴，所述防堵清洗喷嘴与清洗液储罐连通，且喷射方向朝向第一壳体内壁以及文丘里洗涤器外壁；所述第一壳体底部设置排污口。
进一步地，所述拖把叶片的安装角度为27°～40°，叶片数为5～12。
进一步地，构成拖把叶片的纤维丝为尼龙材质。
进一步地，构成拖把叶片的纤维丝为PA610。
进一步地，第二壳体上下腔室之间通过带气孔的锥形隔板分开，所述废炭排出口设在锥形隔板中心部位。
进一步地，还包括油基洗涤剂再生系统，包括汽提塔以及第二循环泵，所述汽提塔与第二循环净化单元的第二壳体下部相连，经过第二循环泵再与第二壳体的下腔室上部连通。
进一步地，风机出口与机壳侧壁相切。
基于所述合成气无水循环洗涤净化装置的净化方法，其特征在于，
(1)合成气首先在第一循环净化单元中通过文丘里洗涤、液膜冲击、空冷三种应用复合的方式对合成气进行初步净化：其中文丘里洗涤采用重焦油作为洗涤剂，液膜由文丘里洗涤时产生的油与灰尘的混合液组成；
(2)拖把风机净化，拖把风机紧接第一循环净化单元后端，当拖把风机开始旋转时，气 体中的焦油液滴以及灰尘颗粒与纤维丝进行碰撞黏附，从而对合成气进一步净化；
(3)所述第二循环净化单元将来自拖把风机的合成气通过活性炭吸附以及鼓泡洗涤的方式进行最后的除焦净化，其中鼓泡洗涤采用油基洗涤剂，该油基洗涤剂可通过汽提再生利用，而活性炭由合成气分流回炉活化焦炭所产生。
本发明的有益效果在于：
1、本发明中的第一壳体结合文丘里洗涤、液膜冲击以及空冷三种应用与一体，首先文丘里洗涤器通过喷淋重焦油对粗合成气进行激冷，在经过焦油液滴与灰尘颗粒的捕集后，凝结在一起的焦油液滴与灰尘颗粒加速冲击文丘里洗涤器下的液膜池，通过液膜冲击促使气体反向上升开始空冷，而重焦油液滴与灰尘则溶解沉积在液膜池中，整个过程没有多余管道，不会有焦油堵塞的风险，而且将三种应用紧密地结合在一起，使得气体净化效率更高，焦油回收更方便，不会产生大量含油废水，环保无污染。
2、重焦油洗涤剂在与粗合成气换热后温度上升，而闪蒸罐可利用重焦油洗涤液自身的热量实现快速蒸发，配合冷凝器以及油水分离器，能够将油、水以及灰尘颗粒分离开来，保证重焦油洗涤剂效果稳定，同时也有效回收并利用了粗合成气的显热。
3、拖把风机的叶片由一根根细小的润湿纤维丝组成，通过特殊的排列方式可以起到循环合成气的作用，同时叶片的纤维丝具有较大的表面积，在与合成气碰撞的过程中能够将气体中微量的重焦油液滴以及小灰尘颗粒吸附在纤维表面。
4、第二壳体下腔室为鼓泡洗涤器，采用油基洗涤剂洗涤，所述洗涤剂可为植物油、柴油甚至是餐饮废油等与焦油溶解性好的油类物质，并在鼓泡以及气泡切割的作用下使合成气与油基洗涤剂充分接触，从而吸收气体中的轻质焦油，在工作一段时间后还可用汽提塔对油基洗涤剂进行汽提解吸操作，循环利用油基洗涤剂。
5、第二壳体上腔室为活性炭吸附床层，活性炭由净化后的合成气分流回炉活化焦炭所产生，其丰富的孔隙结构可以吸附合成气中的轻质焦油，在吸附性能下降后可用于合成气发生炉或汽提塔的燃烧供热，亦或者重新活化从而再生利用。
附图说明：
图1是本发明所述的合成气无水循环洗涤净化装置的整体结构示意图。
图2是本发明所述的合成气无水循环洗涤净化装置中拖把风机壳体的结构示意图。
图3是本发明所述的合成气无水循环洗涤净化装置中拖把叶片的结构示意图。
图4是本发明所述的合成气无水循环洗涤净化装置中锥形隔板的结构示意图。
附图标记：1第一壳体；2-文丘里洗涤器进气口；3-雾化喷头；4-文丘里洗涤器；5-防堵清洗喷嘴；6-透明观察窗；7-液膜池；8-排污口；9-拖把风机；901-机壳；902-风机进口；903- 风机出气口；904-叶片旋转室；905-集油槽；906-拖把叶片；10-闪蒸罐；11-冷凝器；12-油水分离器；13-第一循环泵；14-储油罐；15-第二壳体；16-出气口；17-活性炭进口；18-活性炭吸附床层；19锥形隔板；20-电磁阀；21-鼓泡洗涤器；22-气泡切割器；23-鼓泡器；24-汽提塔；25-第二循环泵；26-废炭排出口。
具体实施方式：
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的撰写中，存在一些方位词，如：下、上、侧壁、内壁、左端、右端、一端、另端等方位词仅用于方便描述和理解示意图，并不代表现实实物中需要严格按照此要求进行操作。此外，在本发明中存在一些简单常用的术语，如：固定、安装、相连接等术语应作为常规的意思理解，例如“相连接”一词可以理解成两个零件之间螺纹连接、胶接等等，需要专业的技术人员针对具体情况做具体理解。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
图1是本发明的一个具体实施例，本发明所述的合成气无水循环洗涤净化装置，包括第一循环净化单元与第二循环净化单元以及连接第一循环净化单元与第二循环净化单元的拖把风机9。所述第一循环净化单元包括第一壳体1、文丘里洗涤器4与重焦油循环喷淋系统。文丘里洗涤器4竖直设置在第一壳体1内部的中心区域，通过与第一壳体内壁相连接的支撑件对该文丘里洗涤器进行固定，所述文丘里洗涤器进气口2穿过第一壳体1上部的侧壁延伸到第一壳体1外部，该进气口2可以直接连接热解炉或气化炉等合成气生产设备，也可以连接旋风分离器之类的合成气预除尘设备，文丘里洗涤器4的出气口则正对着第一壳体1底部的液膜池7。该液膜池7储存有一定深度的重焦油与灰尘的混合液，混合液的液面与文丘里洗涤器4的出气口存在一定距离，液膜池7的深度和液面到文丘里洗涤器4出口的距离可通过第一壳体1下部侧面的透明观察窗6观测。上述文丘里洗涤器4为湿式除尘设备，当合成气进入文丘里管后，缩颈处形成低压区，迫使合成气高速通过，而喉管前方设置有雾化喷头3，该喷头喷淋的洗涤液被高速的气流冲击粉碎成无数细小的液滴，这些液滴不仅对高温合成气进行激冷降温，而且液滴具有很大的接触表面积，使气体中夹带的粉尘以及焦油颗粒被液滴 捕集。在重力加速的作用下，大量的带尘含油液滴通过文丘里洗涤器4的出气口并高速撞击液膜池7，气流对液膜池7产生冲击作用，同时改变了气流的方向，气流开始反向上升从而进入第一壳体1与文丘里洗涤器4之间的环形空冷区域，而含尘液滴由于惯性作用继续按照原来的方向运动，直到灰尘与焦油溶解沉积在液膜池7中。第一壳体1还包括均匀分布在壳体内的防堵冲洗喷嘴5，通过喷淋水或乙醇等溶液定期清洗第一壳体1内壁以及文丘里洗涤器4的外壁，保证环形空冷区域的空冷效果，清洗的污水从第一壳体1底部的排污口8排出。
所述重焦油喷淋系统包括闪蒸罐10、冷凝器11、油水分离器12、储油罐14以及第一循环泵13。闪蒸罐10的进液口通过管道与第一壳体1底部的液膜池7连通，随着文丘里洗涤器4对合成气的洗涤净化，液膜池7的焦油存量不断增加，多余的焦油将通过管道输入闪蒸罐10进行闪蒸处理。重焦油洗涤液经过与合成气的传热传质后，重焦油洗涤液的温度升高，而合成气的温度降低，利用闪蒸的负压原理可以使温度较高的重焦油洗涤液迅速达到过热状态，从而瞬间蒸发成气态，实现灰尘颗粒与焦油的固液分离，而产生的闪蒸气体经过后续冷凝器11冷凝以及油水分离器12分离后得到无水的重焦油，并通过管道输入储油罐14，该储油罐14内的重焦油在第一循环泵13的作用下重新泵入到文丘里洗涤器4内的雾化喷头3，从而对合成气进行循环洗涤，所述闪蒸罐10与冷凝器11、油水分离器12、储油罐14以及第一循环泵13依次串联，构成一循环管路。结合附图2和附图3所示，所述拖把风机主要包括机壳901、风机进口902、风机出口903、叶片旋转室904、集油槽905、拖把叶片906，以及用于拖把叶片906的驱动电机。所述叶片旋转室904位于机壳901内部的上部，拖把叶片906位于叶片旋转室904内部、且与驱动电机传动连接，所述拖把叶片906由润湿的细小纤维丝组成，各拖把叶片906之间还留有通道供合成气循环；所述集油槽905位于叶片旋转室904正下方，风机进口902位于机壳901的上端面、且与叶片旋转室904连通，风机出口903位于机壳901上部。风机进口902与第一壳体1顶部合成气出口连通。
焦油液滴以及灰尘颗粒在所述叶片旋转室904与旋转的拖把叶片906发生碰撞，所述拖把叶片906由大量润湿的细小纤维丝组成，纤维丝采用尼龙材质，优选耐腐蚀的PA610，通过特殊的螺旋排列方式可以起到循环合成气的作用，同时叶片的纤维丝具有较大的表面积，在与合成气碰撞的过程中能够将气体中微量的重焦油液滴以及小灰尘颗粒吸附在纤维表面，所述机壳901下部为集油槽905，所述集油槽905位于叶片旋转室下面，经过拖把叶片拦截的焦油液滴以及灰尘颗粒在离心力的作用下沿着叶片旋转室904壁面流入集油槽905，所述拖把风机出口903通道与机壳901上部相切。
结合附图1和附图4所示，所述第二循环净化单元包括第二壳体15和油基洗涤剂再生系统，所述第二壳体15分为上下两个腔室，鼓泡洗涤器21位于下腔室中，采用油基洗涤剂洗 涤，所述洗涤剂可为植物油、柴油甚至是餐饮废油等与焦油溶解性好的油类物质，该鼓泡洗涤器21包括鼓泡器23和气泡切割器22，所述鼓泡器23进口与拖把风机出气口903连通，能够将来自拖把风机9的合成气通过鼓泡方式与油基洗涤剂充分混合，所述气泡切割器22位于鼓泡器23上方，将鼓泡器23释放的合成气大气泡切割成更细小的小气泡，增大气液的接触面积，从而吸收合成气中的轻质焦油，所述油基洗涤剂再生系统包括汽提塔24以及第二循环泵25，所述汽提塔24通过第二循环泵25与鼓泡洗涤器21形成闭环，通过定期汽提操作解吸油基洗涤剂中的焦油，所述第二壳体15上腔室为活性炭吸附床层18，上下腔室之间通过带细孔的锥形隔板19分开，所述锥形隔板19中心有一废炭排出口26，该废炭排出口26直通第二壳体15底部，所述废炭排出口26由电磁阀20控制开闭，所述第二壳体15顶部还设有干净合成气出气口16以及废炭进口17，所述活性炭为合成气生产过程中的副产物，其丰富的孔隙结构将来自下腔室合成气中的轻质焦油吸附去除，在吸附性能下降后可用于合成气发生炉或汽提塔24的燃烧供热，亦或者重新活化从而再生利用。
本发明所述的合成气无水循环洗涤净化装置的在进行净化时，所述合成气无水循环洗涤净化装置与合成气发生系统连接时，第一循环净化单元首先通过文丘里洗涤、液膜冲击、空冷三种应用复合的方式对合成气进行初步净化，这一单元主要是对气体中重焦油以及大颗粒灰尘进行去除，其中文丘里洗涤采用重焦油作为洗涤剂，液膜由文丘里洗涤产生的油与灰尘的混合液组成，拖把风机9紧接第一循环净化单元后端，其拖把叶片906由大量细小的纤维丝组成，当叶片开始旋转时，气体中的焦油液滴以及灰尘颗粒与纤维丝进行碰撞黏附，从而对合成气进一步净化，所述拖把风机9主要是对微量的重焦油以及小颗粒灰尘进行拦截，所述第二循环净化单元将来自拖把风机9的合成气通过鼓泡洗涤以及活性炭吸附的方式进行最后的除焦净化，该单元主要是对轻质焦油进行去除，其中鼓泡洗涤采用油基洗涤剂，该油基洗涤剂可通过汽提操作再生利用，而活性炭由合成气回炉活化焦炭所产生。
下面对以棉花秸秆合成气的净化为实施例，做进一步阐述、解释本发明所述的净化方法的工作原理。
棉花秸杆是一种可再生的生物质能源，通过生物质能的转化技术，将棉花秸杆进行气化处理，转换成可燃气体或电力。用某下吸式气化炉气化棉花秸秆的产气量为100～600m 3/h，气化效率为70％左右，未经净化的生物质合成气中所含焦油和灰尘的含量一般在10-200g/m 3，而内燃机允许的焦油含量为30～50mg/N m 3,因此需要对合成气进行净化处理。合成气的净化采用本发明如图1所示的净化装置进行净化，净化的方法如下：
气化炉运行温度为600～900℃，合成气出气口直接与所述第一壳体1外侧的文丘里洗涤器进气口2相连接，通过设置在合成气输入管道上的传感器对合成气的温度和流量进行监测， 高温的合成气进入文丘里洗涤器4后，洗涤器内部的雾化喷头3开始将储油罐14内的常温重焦油洗涤剂喷淋进文丘里洗涤器4中，根据合成气输入管道上的传感器所反馈的温度以及流量参数来控制第一循环泵13的功率，从而调整重焦油洗涤剂与合成气的液气比，800℃左右的合成气在经过与常温重焦油洗涤剂的传热传质后温度降为200～300℃，在该温度下大部分重焦油开始冷凝并溶入重焦油洗涤剂中，而灰尘随着气流绕流液滴而被捕集，颗粒的捕获率达80～90％，夹杂着灰尘颗粒的重焦油液滴随气流高速冲击第一壳体1底部的液膜池7，经过液膜冲击以及第一壳体1与文丘里洗涤器4之间的环形空冷区域空冷后，合成气温度降到180℃左右，而底部的液膜池7由于收集了大量与高温合成气换热后的重焦油洗涤液使得温度升高至80～120℃，通过管道将液膜池7中含杂质的重焦油输入到闪蒸罐10中，在负压操作下过热的重焦油迅速变为气态，从而将重焦油中积累的大量灰尘颗粒分离开来，而高温的闪蒸气紧接着进入闪蒸罐10后的冷凝器11中，冷凝后的高温热水通过锅炉产生蒸汽并通入气化炉中作为气化剂，而冷凝后的重焦油通过油水分离器12将少量的水分离开来，最后恢复常温状态的纯净重焦油回到储油罐14中，随后在第一循环泵13的作用下再次进入文丘里洗涤器4进行洗涤工作。
合成气在经过第一循环洗涤系统初步净化后，气体中绝大多数的灰尘颗粒与焦油被脱除，合成气的显热也被有效回收利用，而温度降为180℃左右的合成气紧接着被第一壳体1后面的拖把风机9吸入，在叶片旋转室901中合成气与高速旋转的拖把叶片906相互碰撞，燃气中残余的少量重焦油与细小的灰尘颗粒被拖把叶片906上的纤维丝拦截吸附，然后在离心力的作用下甩离叶片，并通过集油槽905收集甩离的残油，由于绝大多数焦油与灰尘颗粒在第一循环系统中脱除，因此集油槽905中的焦油每15天左右导入闪蒸罐10一次。在经过拖把风机9的拦截净化后，合成气的温度降为120℃～150℃，合成气中的重焦油与灰尘颗粒完全脱除，紧接着在拖把风机9的增压输送下，合成气进入第二壳体15下腔室的鼓泡洗涤器21中，并通过设置在下腔室内部的鼓泡器23鼓出合成气气泡，位于鼓泡器23上面的气泡切割器22进一步将合成气气泡破碎成无数的细小气泡，增大合成气与油基洗涤剂的传热传质面积。在经过鼓泡洗涤后，合成气的温度降为50℃左右，气体中绝大多数的轻质焦油被油基洗涤剂吸收。随着鼓泡洗涤的持续进行，鼓泡洗涤器21中的油基洗涤剂每20天左右输入汽提塔24中进行解吸操作，去除油基洗涤剂中的轻质焦油与水分，然后通过第二循环泵25将有机洗涤剂再次输入鼓泡洗涤器21中循环利用。经过鼓泡洗涤的合成气穿过锥形隔板19进入到第二壳体15上腔室的活性炭吸附床层18中，活性炭由气化炉残留的焦炭在炉内活化所产生，其具有丰富的空隙结构，能够吸附残余的轻质焦油与水分，最后干净无杂质的合成气从出气口16排出。吸附性能下降的废活性炭则通过废炭排出口26排出，废活性炭一部分回炉重新活 化，另一部分直接燃烧供热给汽提塔24。上述的无水循环洗涤净化过程，不仅无含油废水产生，而且将焦油与炭产物循环利用，采取焦油分级脱除方案以及多体系除焦技术相融合的方式进行除焦净化，无需连接合成气前处理系统，直接与合成气产生装置对接，从出气口16出来的合成气温度可降至20～40℃，灰尘含量控制在30mg/Nm 3以下，焦油含量在18mg/Nm 3以下，处在内燃机允许的焦油含量50mg//Nm 3以内。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
所述实施例为本发明的优选的实施方式，但本发明并不限于上述实施方式，在不背离本发明的实质内容的情况下，本领域技术人员能够做出的任何显而易见的改进、替换或变型均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种合成气无水循环洗涤净化装置，其特征在于，包括第一循环净化单元与第二循环净化单元以及连接第一循环净化单元与第二循环净化单元的拖把风机(9)；
    所述第一循环净化单元包括第一壳体(1)、文丘里洗涤器(4)与重焦油循环喷淋系统，所述文丘里洗涤器(4)竖直设置在第一壳体(1)内部的中心区域，所述文丘里洗涤器进气口(2)穿过第一壳体(1)上部的侧壁延伸到第一壳体(1)外部，出气口则正对着第一壳体(4)底部的液膜池(7)；所述重焦油循环喷淋系统包括依次串联的闪蒸罐(10)、冷凝器(11)、油水分离器(12)、储油罐(14)以及第一循环泵(13)，所述闪蒸罐(10)的进液口通过管道与液膜池(7)相连，所述第一循环泵(13)还与文丘里洗涤器(4)内部的雾化喷头(3)相连；
    所述拖把风机(9)主要包括机壳(901)、风机进口(902)、风机出口(903)、叶片旋转室(904)、集油槽(905)、拖把叶片(906)，以及用于拖把叶片(906)的驱动电机；所述叶片旋转室(904)位于机壳(901)内部的上部，拖把叶片(906)位于叶片旋转室(904)内部且与驱动电机传动连接，所述拖把叶片(906)由润湿的细小纤维丝组成，各拖把叶片(906)之间还留有通道供合成气循环；所述集油槽(905)位于叶片旋转室(904)正下方，风机进口(902)位于机壳(901)的上端面且与叶片旋转室(904)连通，风机出口(903)位于机壳(901)上部；所述拖把风机(9)通过风机进口(902)以及管道与第一壳体(1)连通；
    所述第二循环净化单元包括第二壳体(15)、鼓泡洗涤器(21)、活性炭吸附床层(18)，所述第二壳体(15)分为上下两个腔室，鼓泡洗涤器(21)位于下腔室中，包括鼓泡器(23)和气泡切割器(22)，所述鼓泡器(23)进气口与拖把风机(9)的风机出口(903)连通，所述气泡切割器(22)位于鼓泡器(23)上方；活性炭吸附床层(18)位于所述第二壳体(15)的上腔室，活性炭吸附床层(18)底部设置延伸至第二壳体(15)外部的废炭排出口(26)，所述废炭排出口(26)由电磁阀门(20)控制开闭，所述第二壳体(15)顶部还设有干净气体出气口(16)以及活性炭进口(17)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的合成气无水循环洗涤净化装置，其特征在于，所述第一壳体(1)底部侧壁上装有透明观察窗(6)，所述观察窗(6)位于文丘里洗涤器(4)出口与液膜池(7)之间，所述透明观察窗(6)同时也是液位显示器。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的合成气无水循环洗涤净化装置，其特征在于，所述第一壳体(1)内部均匀分布有防堵清洗喷嘴(5)，所述防堵清洗喷嘴(5)与清洗液储罐连通，且喷射方向朝向第一壳体(1)内壁以及文丘里洗涤器(4)外壁；所述第一壳体(1)底部设置排污口(8)。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的合成气无水循环洗涤净化装置，其特征在于，所述拖把叶片(906)的安装角度为27°～40°，叶片数为5～12。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的合成气无水循环洗涤净化装置，其特征在于，构成拖把叶片(906)的纤维丝为尼龙材质。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的合成气无水循环洗涤净化装置，其特征在于，构成拖把叶片(906)的纤维丝为PA610。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的合成气无水循环洗涤净化装置，其特征在于，第二壳体(15)上下腔室之间通过带气孔的锥形隔板(19)分开，所述废炭排出口(26)设在锥形隔板(19)中心部位。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的合成气无水循环洗涤净化装置，其特征在于，还包括油基洗涤剂再生系统，包括汽提塔(24)以及第二循环泵(25)，所述汽提塔(24)与第二循环净化单元的第二壳体(15)下部相连，经过第二循环泵(25)再与第二壳体(15)的下腔室上部连通。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的合成气无水循环洗涤净化装置，其特征在于，风机出口(903)与机壳(901)侧壁相切。
  10. 基于权利要求1-9中任一所述合成气无水循环洗涤净化装置的净化方法，其特征在于，
    (1)合成气首先在第一循环净化单元中通过文丘里洗涤、液膜冲击、空冷三种应用复合的方式对合成气进行初步净化：其中文丘里洗涤采用重焦油作为洗涤剂，液膜由文丘里洗涤时产生的油与灰尘的混合液组成；
    (2)拖把风机(9)净化，拖把风机(9)紧接第一循环净化单元后端，当拖把风机(9)开始旋转时，气体中的焦油液滴以及灰尘颗粒与纤维丝进行碰撞黏附，从而对合成气进一步净化；
    (3)所述第二循环净化单元将来自拖把风机的合成气通过活性炭吸附以及鼓泡洗涤的方式进行最后的除焦净化，其中鼓泡洗涤采用油基洗涤剂，该油基洗涤剂可通过汽提再生利用，而活性炭由合成气分流回炉活化焦炭所产生。
PCT/CN2022/141759 2022-09-08 2022-12-26 一种合成气无水循环洗涤净化装置及净化方法 WO2024051034A1 (zh)

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RU1801558C (ru) * 1991-03-11 1993-03-15 Г.В.Говоров и В.Г.Говоров Установка дл очистки газов
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