WO2024050876A1 - 一种短磁路开关磁阻电机 - Google Patents

一种短磁路开关磁阻电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024050876A1
WO2024050876A1 PCT/CN2022/120332 CN2022120332W WO2024050876A1 WO 2024050876 A1 WO2024050876 A1 WO 2024050876A1 CN 2022120332 W CN2022120332 W CN 2022120332W WO 2024050876 A1 WO2024050876 A1 WO 2024050876A1
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stator
magnetic poles
rotor
stator magnetic
poles
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PCT/CN2022/120332
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English (en)
French (fr)
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唐浪钦
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重庆集极贸易有限公司
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Publication of WO2024050876A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024050876A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
    • H02K1/146—Stator cores with salient poles consisting of a generally annular yoke with salient poles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/17—Stator cores with permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/24—Rotor cores with salient poles ; Variable reluctance rotors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/20—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for measuring, monitoring, testing, protecting or switching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/18—Windings for salient poles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of electromechanical technology, and specifically relates to a short magnetic circuit switched reluctance motor with simple structure, high power density and low production cost.
  • the existing switched reluctance motor includes a casing, a stator located on the inner wall of the casing, and a rotor located in the inner cavity of the stator. Switched reluctance motors with this type of structure only have 1/3 or less of the stator pole output and have low power density.
  • the magnetic poles of the rotor of existing permanent magnet motors are made of permanent magnet materials.
  • the permanent magnet materials need to use rare earth.
  • the mining and smelting cost of permanent magnet materials is high.
  • the permanent magnets of permanent magnet motors are easy to demagnetize, and are generally designed with a rated temperature of 50°C. They are particularly afraid of high temperatures.
  • Existing permanent magnets demagnetize at 150°C.
  • Switched reluctance motors have low power density, large torque ripple, and complex control.
  • the existing switched reluctance motor has low power density, large torque ripple and complicated control.
  • the present invention provides a short magnetic circuit switched reluctance motor with simple structure, high power density and low production cost.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • a short magnetic circuit switched reluctance motor includes a casing, a stator and a rotor located in the casing; wherein: the number of stator magnetic poles of the stator is set to three times the number of magnetic poles of the rotor, and adjacent The polarity of the two stator poles is opposite, and each stator pole has an independent winding;
  • Each magnetic pole corresponds to two stator magnetic poles, and the stator magnetic poles are pure DC power sources;
  • the number of magnetic poles of the rotor is 2N, where N is greater than or equal to 1, and the magnetic poles are evenly distributed on the rotor;
  • Each three adjacent stator magnetic poles are set as a group and set to three phases in sequence.
  • the coils of each group of stator magnetic poles are connected in series or parallel according to the phase sequence of the three phases.
  • the three phases at one end are connected with three linkage intelligent control switches. After being electrically connected, it is electrically connected to the positive pole of the power supply, and after the three phases at the other end are connected in parallel, it is electrically connected to the negative pole of the power supply.
  • stator magnetic poles Due to the above structure, two adjacent stator magnetic poles have opposite polarities, so the magnetic circuit is the shortest and the magnetic leakage is the least.
  • Each stator magnetic pole has an independent winding, so the winding ends are the shortest, improving efficiency.
  • 2/3 of the magnetic poles are working simultaneously, so the power density is almost twice that of the existing switched reluctance motor. It has simple structure, high power density, high efficiency and low production cost.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the stator and rotor of the internal rotor motor structure embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the stator and rotor of the external rotor motor structure embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the stator and rotor of the internal and external double stator motor structure embodiment of the present invention.
  • a short magnetic circuit switched reluctance motor includes a housing 1, a stator 2 and a rotor 3 located in the housing 1; it is characterized in that the number of stator magnetic poles 201 of the stator 2 is set It is three times the number of magnetic poles 301 of the rotor 3. The polarity of the two adjacent stator magnetic poles 201 is opposite, and each stator magnetic pole 201 is an independent winding;
  • Each magnetic pole 301 corresponds to two stator magnetic poles 201, and the stator magnetic poles 201 are pure DC power sources;
  • the number of magnetic poles 301 of the rotor 3 is 2N, where N is greater than or equal to 1, and the magnetic poles 301 are evenly distributed on the rotor 3;
  • Every three adjacent stator magnetic poles 201 are set as a group and are set to three phases in sequence.
  • the coils of each group of stator magnetic poles 201 are connected in series or parallel according to the phase sequence of the three phases.
  • the three phases at one end are connected to three linked intelligent
  • the control switch 5 is electrically connected to the positive pole of the power supply, and the three phases at the other end are connected in parallel and electrically connected to the negative pole of the power supply.
  • the two adjacent stator magnetic poles 201 of the stator 2 have opposite polarities, so the magnetic circuit is the shortest and the magnetic flux leakage is the least, which improves the efficiency.
  • 2/3 of the magnetic poles are working simultaneously, so the power density is almost twice that of the existing switched reluctance motor. It has a simple structure, is easy to manufacture and has low production cost.
  • the three adjacent stator magnetic poles 201 represented by A1, B1, and C1 are the first group, and the three adjacent stator magnetic poles 201 represented by A2, B2, and C2 are the second group.
  • the three adjacent stator magnetic poles 201 represented by A3, B3, and C3 are the third group;
  • the three adjacent stator magnetic poles 201 represented by A4, B4, and C4 are the fourth group, and the three adjacent stator magnetic poles 201 represented by A5, B6, and C5 are
  • the adjacent stator magnetic poles 201 are the fifth group, and the three adjacent stator magnetic poles 201 represented by A6, B6, and C6 are the sixth group.
  • A1 and A2 to A6 are connected in series or parallel
  • B1 and B2 to B6 are connected in series or parallel
  • C1 and C2 to C6 are connected in series or parallel.
  • the housing 1 is provided with mounting ears 6, and the end cover 7 of the rotor 3 is fixed on the mounting ears 6 through bolts.
  • the housing 1 is provided with a motor mounting base 4 .
  • stator magnetic poles 201 between the two stators 2 are arranged in a staggered manner.
  • stator magnetic pole 201 of one stator 2 reverses direction, that is, the switched reluctance motor loses its driving force
  • stator magnetic pole 201 of the other stator 2 is generating torque, so the torque ripple is small and the output power is smoother.
  • the above-mentioned switched reluctance motor can be made into an inner rotor motor, an outer rotor motor, a disc motor or an inner and outer double-layer stator motor, a left and right double stator motor, and a disc type left and right double stator motor.
  • the stator magnetic poles 201 between the two stators 2 need to be staggered.
  • the coils of each set of stator magnetic poles 201 on the two stators are connected in series or in parallel according to the phase sequence of the three phases.
  • the control process is: when KAKB is closed and the power is turned on, under the magnetic pull, the magnetic pole 301 is aligned with the corresponding two stator magnetic poles.
  • the magnetic pole D1 is aligned with the stator magnetic pole.
  • A1 is aligned with the stator magnet B1
  • the magnetic pole D2 is aligned with the stator magnetic pole A2 and the stator magnet B2
  • the magnetic pole D3 is aligned with the stator magnetic pole A3 and the stator magnet B3
  • the magnetic pole D4 is aligned with the stator magnetic pole A4 and the stator magnet B4
  • the magnetic pole D5 is aligned with the stator magnetic pole A4 and the stator magnet B4.
  • the stator magnetic pole A5 is aligned with the stator magnetic pole B5, and the magnetic conductive pole D6 is aligned with the stator magnetic pole A6 and the stator magnetic pole B6.
  • Switch K cycles in this sequence, and the rotor rotates counterclockwise.
  • the switched reluctance motor described in this solution can be widely used in: electric vehicles and compressors, because of the wide constant power speed range, which can better adapt to drastic changes in torque and frequent starts and stops of the compressor; washing machines, because of the wide speed range It has high efficiency, runs smoothly at a low speed of 30-40 rpm during washing, and has large torque, and the rotation speed is around 1,000 rpm during dehydration.
  • the invention's motor has high power density, simple structure, durability and low production cost. This motor can usually work normally at -30 to 90°C.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Synchronous Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

本发明属于机电技术领域，一种短磁路开关磁阻电机，包括壳体，位于壳体中的定子和转子；所述定子的定子磁极的个数设置为转子的导磁极的个数的三倍，相邻的两个定子磁极的极性相反，每个定子磁极为一个独立绕组；每一个导磁极对应两个定子磁极，所述定子磁极为纯直流电源；所述转子的导磁极个数为2N个，其中N大于或等于1，所述导磁极均匀分布在转子上；每相邻三个定子磁极设置为一组，且按顺序设为三相，对每组定子磁极的线圈按三相的相序进行串联或并联，其中一端的三相与三个联动智能控制开关电性连接后与电源正极电性连接，另一端的三相并联后与电源负极电性连接。本发明绕组端部最短、磁路最短、结构简单、功率密度大、效率高、生产成本低。

Description

一种短磁路开关磁阻电机 技术领域
本发明属于机电技术领域，具体涉及一种结构简单、功率密度大、生产成本低的短磁路开关磁阻电机。
背景技术
现有技术的开关磁阻电机，包括壳体，位于壳体内壁上的定子和位于定子内腔中的转子。该类结构的开关磁阻电机只有1/3或更少的定子磁极出力，功率密度低，
现有永磁电机的转子的磁极采用永磁材料，永磁材料需要采用稀土，永磁材料开采冶炼成本高。永磁电机的永磁体容易退磁，一般设计额定温度在50℃，特别怕高温，现有永磁体在150℃就退磁了。
开关磁阻电机功率密度低，转矩脉动大，控制复杂。
综上所述，现有的开关磁阻电机功率密度低，转矩脉动大，控制复杂。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的上述不足之处，本发明提供了一种结构简单、功率密度大、生产成本低的短磁路开关磁阻电机。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明采用了如下技术方案：
一种短磁路开关磁阻电机，包括壳体，位于壳体中的定子和转子；其中：所述定子的定子磁极的个数设置为转子的导磁极的个数的三倍，相邻的两个定子磁极的极性相反，每个定子磁极为一个独立绕组；
每一个导磁极对应两个定子磁极，所述定子磁极为纯直流电源；
所述转子的导磁极个数为2N个，其中N大于或等于1，所述导磁极均匀分布在转子上；
每相邻三个定子磁极设置为一组，且按顺序设为三相，对每组定子磁极的线圈按三相的相序进行串联或并联，其中一端的三相与三个联动智能控制开关电性连接后与电源正极电性连接，另一端的三相并联后与电源负极电性连接。
由于上述结构，相邻两个定子磁极极性相反，所以磁路最短，漏磁最少；每个定子磁极为一个独立绕组，所以绕组端部最短，提升了效率。任何工作时刻都有2/3的磁极同时出力工作，所以功率密度几乎是现有开关磁阻电机的2倍。且结构简单、功率密度大、效率高、生产成本低。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图；
图2为本发明内部的结构示意图；
图3为本发明内转子电机结构实施例的定子与转子处的结构示意图；
图4为本发明外转子电机结构实施例的定子与转子处的结构示意图；
图5为本发明内外双定子电机结构实施例的定子与转子处的结构示意图；
具体实施方式
为了使本领域的技术人员可以更好地理解本发明，下面结合附图和实施例对本发明技术方案进一步说明：
参见附图1至5，一种短磁路开关磁阻电机，包括壳体1，位于壳体1中的定子2和转子3；其特征在于：所述定子2的定子磁极201的个数设置为转子3的导磁极301的个数的三倍，相邻的两个定子磁极201的极性相反，每个定子磁极201为一个独立绕组；
每一个导磁极301对应两个定子磁极201，所述定子磁极201为纯直流电源；
所述转子3的导磁极301个数为2N个，其中N大于或等于1，所述导磁极301均匀分布在转子3上；
每相邻三个定子磁极201设置为一组，且按顺序设为三相，对每组定子磁极201的线圈按三相的相序进行串联或并联，其中一端的三相与三个联动智能控制开关5电性连接后与电源正极电性连接，另一端的三相并联后与电源负极电性连接。在该实施例中，定子2的相邻两个定子磁极201的极性相反，所以磁路最短，漏磁最少，提升了效率。任何工作时刻都有2/3的磁极同时出力工作，所以功率密度几乎是现有开关磁阻电机的2倍。结构简单，易于制造，生成本低。
在上述实施例中，参见附图2，A1、B1、C1表示的三个相邻的定子磁极201为第一组，A2、B2、C2表示的三个相邻的定子磁极201为第二组，A3、B3、C3表示的三个相邻的定子磁极201为第三组；A4、B4、C4表示的三个相邻的定子磁极201为第四组，A5、B6、C5表示的三个相邻的定子磁极201为第五组，A6、B6、C6表示的三个相邻的定子磁极201为第六组。其中，A1与A2至A6进行串联或并联，B1与B2至B6进行串联或并联，C1与C2至C6进行串联或并联。
为保障密封性和延长整个开关磁阻电机的使用寿命，上述实施例中，优选地：所述壳体1设置有安装耳6，转子3的端盖7通过螺栓固定在安装耳6上。
为便于安装，上述实施例中，优选地：所述壳体1上设置有电机安装座4。
参见附图5，上述实施例中，优选地：所述定子2为两个，该两个定子2之间的定子 磁极201错开排列。在该实施例中，当一个定子2的定子磁极201换向瞬间，即开关磁阻电机失去驱动力，另外一个定子2的定子磁极201正在产生转矩，所以转矩脉动小，输出动力更平滑。
上述开关磁阻电机可以制成内转子电机、外转子电机、盘式电机或内外双层定子电机，左右双定子电机，盘式左右双定子电机。参见附图5，只要是内外双层定子电机，左右双定子电机，盘式左右双定子电机结构时，两个定子2之间的定子磁极201均需要错开排列。在该实施例中，两个定子上各自的各组定子磁极201的线圈按三相的相序各自进行串联或各自进行并联。
上述实施例中，参见附图2，其控制工作过程为：当KAKB闭合接通电源，在磁力拉动下，导磁极301与对应的两个定子磁极对齐，具体而言，导磁极D1与定子磁极A1和定子磁B1对齐，导磁极D2与定子磁极A2和定子磁B2对齐，导磁极D3与定子磁极A3和定子磁B3对齐，导磁极D4与定子磁极A4和定子磁B4对齐，导磁极D5与定子磁极A5和定子磁B5对齐，导磁极D6与定子磁极A6和定子磁B6对齐。
顺转，①当KA断开，KBKC闭合，在磁力拉动下，导磁极D1与定子磁极B1C1对齐。此时转子向顺时针方向转过一个定子磁极的角度。②接下来，KB断开，KCKA闭合，在磁力拉动下，导磁极D1与定子磁极C1A2对齐。此时转子向顺时针方向又转过一个定子磁极的角度。③接下来，KC断开，KAKB闭合，在磁力拉动下，导磁极D1与定子磁极A2B2对齐。此时转子向顺时针方向又转过一个定子磁极的角度。开关K以此循环，转子便顺时针方向旋转。
反转，①当KB断开，KAKC闭合，在磁力拉动下，导磁极D1与定子磁极A1C6对齐。此时转子向逆时针方向转过一个定子磁极的角度。②接下来，KA断开，KCKB闭合，在磁力拉动下，导磁极D1与定子磁极C6B6对齐。此时转子向顺时针方向又转过一个定子磁极的角度。③接下来，KC断开，KBKA闭合，在磁力拉动下，导磁极D1与定子磁极A6B6对齐。此时转子向顺时针方向又转过一个定子磁极的角度。开关K以此顺序循环，转子便逆时针方向旋转。本方案所述开关磁阻电机可广泛应用在：电动车和压缩机，因为恒功率转速范围宽，能够更好的适应转矩的剧烈变化和压缩机的频繁启停；洗衣机,因为宽转速范围有高效率，洗涤时30-40转的低速运行平稳，转矩大，脱水时转速在1000转左右。本发的明电机功率密度大，结构简，坚固耐用，生产成本低。本电机通常可以在-30至90℃正常工作。
上述所有部件均为市场销售产品，有关程序控制的描述不是本发明欲保护的发明点， 有关程序控制的描述是便于本领域的技术人员理解本发明技术方案。
以上所述的仅是本发明的实施例，方案中公知的具体结构及特性等常识在此未作过多描述，所属领域普通技术人员知晓申请日或者优先权日之前发明所属技术领域所有的普通技术知识，能够获知该领域中所有的现有技术，并且具有应用该日期之前常规实验手段的能力，所属领域普通技术人员可以在本申请给出的启示下，结合自身能力完善并实施本方案，一些典型的公知结构或者公知方法不应当成为所属领域普通技术人员实施本申请的障碍。应当指出，对于本领域的技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明结构的前提下，还可以作出若干变形和改进，这些也应该视为本发明的保护范围，这些都不会影响本发明实施的效果和专利的实用性。

Claims (4)

  1. 一种短磁路开关磁阻电机，包括壳体(1)，位于壳体(1)中的定子(2)和转子(3)；其特征在于：所述定子(2)的定子磁极(201)的个数设置为转子(3)的导磁极(301)的个数的三倍，相邻的两个定子磁极(201)的极性相反，每个定子磁极(201)为一个独立绕组；
    每一个导磁极(301)对应两个定子磁极(201)，所述定子磁极(201)为纯直流电源；
    所述转子(3)的导磁极(301)个数为2N个，其中N大于或等于1，所述导磁极(301)均匀分布在转子(3)上；
    每相邻三个定子磁极(201)设置为一组，且按顺序设为三相，对每组定子磁极(201)的线圈按三相的相序进行串联或并联，其中一端的三相与三个联动智能控制开关(5)电性连接后与电源正极电性连接，另一端的三相并联后与电源负极电性连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种短磁路开关磁阻电机，其特征在于：所述壳体(1)上设置有安装耳(6)，转子(3)的端盖(7)通过螺栓固定在安装耳(6)上。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种短磁路开关磁阻电机，其特征在于：所述壳体(1)上设置有电机安装支架(4)。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种短磁路开关磁阻电机，其特征在于：所述定子(2)为两个，该两个定子(2)之间的定子磁极(201)错开排列。
PCT/CN2022/120332 2022-09-07 2022-09-21 一种短磁路开关磁阻电机 WO2024050876A1 (zh)

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US6028385A (en) * 1995-10-19 2000-02-22 Tridelta Industries, Inc. Switched reluctance motor
CN101707428A (zh) * 2009-11-06 2010-05-12 张世清 三相单段双段倍极开关磁阻电动机
CN106655916A (zh) * 2016-12-20 2017-05-10 合肥工业大学 一种开关磁阻电机的控制电路
JP2017195673A (ja) * 2016-04-19 2017-10-26 Ｋａｉｓｅｉモータ株式会社 定電流制御によるスイッチドリラクタンスモータ装置
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US4942345A (en) * 1989-02-14 1990-07-17 Emerson Electric Co. Pole changing switched reluctance motor and method
US5111095A (en) * 1990-11-28 1992-05-05 Magna Physics Corporation Polyphase switched reluctance motor
US6028385A (en) * 1995-10-19 2000-02-22 Tridelta Industries, Inc. Switched reluctance motor
CN101707428A (zh) * 2009-11-06 2010-05-12 张世清 三相单段双段倍极开关磁阻电动机
JP2017195673A (ja) * 2016-04-19 2017-10-26 Ｋａｉｓｅｉモータ株式会社 定電流制御によるスイッチドリラクタンスモータ装置
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