WO2024045865A1 - Antenna structure and communication device - Google Patents

Abstract

The embodiments of the present application provide an antenna structure and a communication device. The antenna structure comprises: a reflecting plate, a central antenna and a parasitic antenna, wherein the central antenna is arranged on the reflecting plate in a penetrating manner, and one end of the central antenna is used for electrically connecting to a feed point, and the other end of the central antenna is suspended above the reflecting plate; the parasitic antenna is arranged around the central axis of the central antenna, and coupled feeding is realized between the parasitic antenna and the central antenna; and both ends of the parasitic antenna are electrically connected to the reflecting plate, and an annular loop is formed between the parasitic antenna and the reflecting plate. The antenna structure provided in the embodiments of the present application achieves the effect of a reconfigurable antenna beam, thereby avoiding the problem of the radiation efficiency of a system being reduced due to the introduction of an insertion loss to a feed circuit.

Description

Antenna structures and communications equipment

This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the China Patent Office on September 2, 2022, with application number 202211072400.4 and the application name "Antenna Structure and Communication Equipment", the entire content of which is incorporated into this application by reference.

Technical field

The embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communication technology, and in particular to an antenna structure and communication equipment.

Background technique

An antenna is a device that performs energy conversion functions and directional radiation or reception of electromagnetic waves in wireless communications. With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, more requirements are put forward for antennas. For example, the antenna beam needs to have the ability to reconstruct. In order to achieve the effect of adjustable beam coverage width.

In the related art, in order to realize the beam reconfiguration design of the antenna, a switch is often set on the feed circuit, and the corresponding antenna is controlled through the switch to start working, so as to achieve the beam reconfiguration. However, when the switch is set on the feed circuit, it is introduced The insertion loss is reduced, which reduces the radiation efficiency of the system.

Contents of the invention

Embodiments of the present application provide an antenna structure and communication equipment, which achieve the effect of reconfigurable antenna beams and avoid the problem of reducing the radiation efficiency of the system due to the introduction of insertion loss on the feed circuit.

The first aspect of this application provides an antenna structure, including: a reflecting plate, a central antenna and a parasitic antenna. The central antenna is disposed on the reflecting plate and has one end used for electrical connection with a feed point. The central antenna has The other end is suspended above the reflection plate; the parasitic antenna is arranged around the central axis of the central antenna, and the parasitic antenna and the central antenna are coupled and fed; both ends of the parasitic antenna are connected to The reflecting plate is electrically connected, and a loop loop is formed between the parasitic antenna and the reflecting plate.

The antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present application includes a central antenna and a parasitic antenna. The central antenna is placed in the center of the reflection plate and one end of the central antenna is electrically connected to the feed point. The other end of the central antenna is suspended between the reflection plate. On the top, a parasitic antenna is arranged around the central antenna. Both ends of the parasitic antenna are electrically connected to the reflective plate, and a loop loop is formed between the parasitic antenna and the reflective plate. The central antenna and the parasitic antenna are coupled and fed, so that When the central antenna feeds a high-frequency current (such as a radio frequency signal), the magnetic field distribution of the central antenna surrounds the central axis of the central antenna, and the surrounding parasitic antennas form an induced current through coupling induction. The induced current forms a loop between the parasitic antenna and the reflector. A magnetic current loop is formed on the loop, so that the pattern of the antenna structure is formed by the magnetic field of the central antenna and the magnetic field induced by the peripheral magnetic current loop. When the magnetic field phase of the central antenna is opposite to the magnetic field phase induced by the peripheral magnetic current loop, , the beams are subtracted in the horizontal direction, and the beams are superimposed in the elevation direction, thereby realizing the beam upturn and the elevation angle reduction. When the magnetic field phase of the central antenna is in phase with the magnetic field phase induced by the peripheral magnetic current loop, the two are horizontally The beams are superimposed in the direction, the beams expand in the horizontal direction, and the pitch angle increases. This is because the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present application can achieve an adjustable beam pitch angle by configuring the phase of the current induced on the loop loop to be adjustable. The change realizes the function of beam reconfiguration. Therefore, the antenna structure provided by this application achieves the effect of reconfigurable antenna beams and avoids the problem of low system efficiency due to insertion loss introduced in the feed circuit.

In a possible implementation, it further includes: an impedance adjustment component located on the parasitic antenna, or the impedance adjustment component is located between one end of the parasitic antenna and the reflection plate. Connection point; the impedance adjustment component is used to adjust the phase of the coupling current induced by the parasitic antenna coupling. By setting the impedance adjustment component, different impedances can be selected, thereby achieving phase adjustment of the induced current on the ring loop, thereby satisfying beam reconfigurability.

In a possible implementation, there are multiple parasitic antennas, and the plurality of parasitic antennas are spaced around the central axis of the central antenna, and the multiple parasitic antennas are relative to the central axis of the central antenna. Symmetrical setup.

In a possible implementation, each of the parasitic antennas includes: a first vertical branch, a transverse branch and a second vertical branch, the transverse branches being arranged along the radial direction of the reflection plate; The two ends of the horizontal branches are respectively connected to the tops of the first vertical branches and the second vertical branches, and the bottom ends of the first vertical branches and the second vertical branches are connected to the reflection Board electrical connections.

In a possible implementation, the transverse branches are in a sheet-like structure, or the transverse branches are in a strip structure.

In a possible implementation, there is one parasitic antenna, and the parasitic antenna includes: a lateral branch in a ring structure, a first vertical branch and a plurality of second vertical branches; the first vertical branch The top end of the lateral branch is electrically connected to the inner edge of the lateral branch, the bottom end of the first vertical branch is electrically connected to the reflection plate, and part of the central antenna is inserted through the first vertical branch In the enclosed cylindrical structure; the plurality of second vertical branches are arranged at intervals around the first vertical branches; and the top and bottom ends of the first vertical branches are respectively connected with the transverse branches and all The reflective plate is electrically connected.

In a possible implementation, the transverse branches have a raised portion protruding away from the reflecting plate, and the raised portion forms an annular structure around the first vertical branch.

In a possible implementation, it also includes: a support plate, the support plate has an opposite top surface and a bottom surface, the bottom surface faces the reflection plate; part of the central antenna is located on the top surface of the support plate above, the transverse branches are located on the bottom surface of the support plate.

In a possible implementation, in the radial direction of the reflection plate, the horizontal distance between the first vertical branch and the central axis of the central antenna is smaller than the horizontal distance between the second vertical branch and the central axis of the central antenna. The horizontal distance between the central axes of the central antenna; and the horizontal distance between the second vertical branch and the central axis of the central antenna is greater than or equal to 1/4λ and less than or equal to 1/2λ, and the λ is resonance The wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the frequency.

In a possible implementation, the second vertical branch includes: a first sub-arm and a second sub-arm, and one end of the first sub-arm is electrically connected to the transverse branch, and the second The other end of the sub-arm and one end of the second sub-arm are vertically parallel to each other and form a distributed capacitance. The other end of the second sub-arm is electrically connected to the reflection plate.

In a possible implementation, the second vertical branch includes: a first sub-arm and a second sub-arm, and one end of the first sub-arm is electrically connected to the transverse branch, and the second There is a gap between the other end of the sub-arm and one end of the second sub-arm to form a distributed capacitance, the other end of the second sub-arm is electrically connected to the reflective plate; and there are multiple A bent section is formed so that the second sub-arm forms a distributed inductance.

In a possible implementation, it further includes: a support arm, the first sub-arm and the second sub-arm are both located on the support arm, and the bottom end of the support arm has a The second sub-arm is electrically connected to a pin, and the pin is used to be electrically connected to the reflective plate.

In a possible implementation, the impedance adjustment component includes: a switch, a capacitor and an inductor, wherein one end of the capacitor is electrically connected to the bottom end of the second vertical branch, and the capacitor and the The inductors are connected in series;

One end of the switch is electrically connected to the other end of the capacitor, the other end of the switch is electrically connected to the reflective plate, and the bottom end of the second vertical branch is grounded with the reflective plate through a microstrip line. .

In a possible implementation, the central antenna is a monopole antenna including a central branch, the central branch is penetrated on the reflector, and the bottom end of the central branch is used to communicate with the feed The electrical points are electrically connected, and the tops of the central branches are suspended; the parasitic antennas are symmetrically arranged around the central branches.

In a possible implementation, the central antenna further includes: a plurality of loading branches, each of the loading branches is electrically connected to the top of the central branch, and the plurality of loading branches surround the central branch. They are arranged at intervals and suspended horizontally above the reflecting plate.

In a possible implementation, a transverse branch of the parasitic antenna is provided between two adjacent loading branches, and the loading branch and the transverse branch are located on the same plane; or, the loading branch There is a vertical distance from the lateral branches of the parasitic antenna.

In a possible implementation, the central antenna further includes: a plurality of first connecting branches, one end of each first connecting branch is electrically connected to the loading branch, and each first connecting branch The other end is electrically connected to the top of the central branch.

In a possible implementation, the central antenna further includes: a matching branch, and the matching branch is located on the first connecting branch.

In a possible implementation, the loading branch has a hollow area, and the hollow area is used to divide the loading branch into annular branches.

In a possible implementation, the central antenna further includes: at least one second connecting branch, and two adjacent loading branches are connected through the second connecting branch.

In a possible implementation, the distance between the top of the central branch and the reflecting plate is less than 1/4λ, and the λ is resonance The wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the frequency.

A second aspect of the embodiment of the present application provides a communication device, including any of the above antenna structures.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present application;

Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view along the A-A direction in Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the beam when the phases of the central antenna and the parasitic antenna of the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present application are opposite;

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the beams when the phases of the central antenna and the parasitic antenna of the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present application are in the same direction;

Figure 5 is the equivalent circuit of the loop loop and the impedance adjustment component in the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present application;

Figure 6 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the reflector, parasitic antenna and impedance adjustment component in the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present application;

Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the beam pitch angle when the impedance of the impedance adjustment component in the antenna structure increases according to the embodiment of the present application;

Figure 8 is another three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present application;

Figure 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present application from another angle;

Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the central antenna and the reflector of the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present application;

Figure 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a parasitic antenna in the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present application;

Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the performance curve of the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present application;

Figure 13 is a beam schematic diagram of the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present application in one of the states;

Figure 14 is a beam diagram of the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present application in another state;

Figure 15 is another three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present application;

Figure 16 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of the central antenna and the reflector of the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present application;

Figure 17 is a schematic top view of the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present application;

Figure 18 is another three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present application;

Figure 19 is an exploded schematic diagram of the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present application;

Figure 20 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present application;

Figure 21 is a top view of the antenna structure shown in Figure 19;

Figure 22 is a schematic structural diagram of the central antenna and the parasitic antenna of the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present application;

Figure 23 is a schematic structural diagram of the parasitic antenna of the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present application;

Figure 24 is a schematic front view of the structure shown in Figure 22;

Figure 25 is an exploded schematic diagram of one of the second vertical branches of the parasitic antenna in the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present application;

Figure 26 is a schematic structural diagram of the second vertical branch in the parasitic antenna in the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present application;

Figure 27 is a schematic structural diagram of the back side of the parasitic antenna in the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present application.

Explanation of reference symbols:

100. Antenna structure;

110. Central antenna; 111. Central branch; 110a, top; 110b, bottom; 110c, insulation layer; 112, 112a, 112b, loading branches; 1121, hollow area; 113, first connecting branch; 114, matching branch; 115. The second connection branch;

120. Parasitic antenna; 121. First vertical branch; 1211. Insulating medium; 122. Transverse branch, 1221. Protruding portion; 123. Second vertical branch; 1231. First sub-arm; 1232. Second sub-arm ; 1232a, pin; 1233, support arm; 1234, support base; 124, microstrip line;

130. Reflective plate;

140. Impedance adjustment component; 141. Switch; 142. Capacitor; 143. Inductor; 144. Resistor; 145. Control circuit;

150. Support plate.

Detailed ways

In the related art, in order to realize the beam reconfigurability of the antenna, one method is to use two stacked omnidirectional antenna units and set them on the feed channel (such as the channel between the feed source and the feed point). Switch, the two antenna units are switched by the switch to realize the reconstruction of the antenna beam on the elevation plane. However, on the one hand, this increases the total height of the antenna. In addition, a switch is set on the feed channel. Changing the switch will introduce insertion loss, affecting the radiation efficiency of the antenna. Another method is to set up two antenna elements with different beam pitch angles, set a switch on the feed channel, and switch the antenna elements to select different beams to work, so as to realize the beam switching function of the system, but introduce a switch on the feed channel , which increases the insertion loss. In addition, the antenna element settings for different beams result in an increase in the number of antenna units, which increases the size pressure and cost of the entire machine.

To this end, in order to solve at least one of the above-mentioned problems, embodiments of the present application provide an antenna structure that includes a central antenna and a parasitic antenna, wherein the central antenna is disposed in the center of the reflector and one end of the central antenna is connected to the feed Point electrical connection, the other end of the central antenna is suspended above the reflective plate, the parasitic antenna is arranged around the central antenna, both ends of the parasitic antenna are electrically connected to the reflective plate, and a loop loop is formed between the parasitic antenna and the reflective plate, and the central antenna It is coupled with the parasitic antenna to feed, so that when the central antenna feeds a high-frequency current (such as a radio frequency signal), the magnetic field of the central antenna is distributed around the central axis of the central antenna, and the surrounding parasitic antennas form an induced current through coupling induction, and the induced current is A magnetic current loop is formed on the annular loop formed between the parasitic antenna and the reflector. In this way, the pattern of the antenna structure is formed by the magnetic field of the central antenna and the magnetic field induced by the peripheral magnetic current loop. When the magnetic field phase of the central antenna is in line with the magnetic field of the peripheral When the phase of the magnetic field induced by the magnetic current loop is reversed, the beams are subtracted in the horizontal direction and the beams are superimposed in the elevation direction, thereby realizing the beam upturn (see Figure 4) and the elevation angle θ1 (see Figure 4) is reduced. Small, when the magnetic field phase of the central antenna is in phase with the magnetic field phase induced by the peripheral magnetic current loop, the two beams overlap in the horizontal direction, and the beam expands in the horizontal direction (see Figure 5), and the pitch angle θ2 (see Figure 5 (shown) increases because the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present application achieves the purpose of adjusting the beam pitch angle and realizes that the beam coverage range can be flexibly adjusted.

Therefore, the antenna structure provided by this application achieves the effect of reconfigurable antenna beams and avoids the problem of low system efficiency due to insertion loss introduced in the feed circuit.

Several structures of the antenna structures provided by the embodiments of the present application are described in detail below.

The embodiment of the present application provides an antenna structure 100. The antenna structure 100 can be a wireless indoor base station antenna or a wireless access point (Access Point, AP) antenna. The antenna structure 100 provided by the embodiment of the present application can be an absorber. Top omnidirectional antenna.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the antenna structure 100 provided by the embodiment of the present application may include: a reflection plate 130 , a central antenna 110 and a parasitic antenna 120 . The central antenna 110 is disposed on the reflection plate 130 and has one end for electrical connection with a feed point. The other end of the central antenna 110 is suspended above the reflection plate 130. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the bottom end 110b of the central antenna 110 is used to electrically connect with the feed point, and the top end 110a of the central antenna 110 is suspended. 2, when the bottom end 110b of the central antenna 110 passes through the reflective plate 130, in order to prevent the central antenna 110 from being electrically connected to the reflective plate 130 when passing through the reflective plate 130, therefore, at the bottom of the central antenna 110 An insulation layer 110c is provided between the end 110b and the reflection plate 130, and the insulation layer 110c serves to insulate the center antenna 110 from the reflection plate 130.

The number of parasitic antennas 120 may be one or more. Figure 1 shows multiple parasitic antennas 120. The multiple parasitic antennas 120 are arranged around the central axis O (shown in Figure 3) of the central antenna 110. The antenna 120 and the central antenna 110 are coupled and fed.

It can be understood that in the embodiment of the present application, the coupled feed between the parasitic antenna 120 and the central antenna 110 is specifically an indirect coupled feed. The indirect coupled feed can be understood as two conductors being electrically connected through space/non-contact. . In addition, the feed point is usually the connection point on the radiator of the antenna that is connected to the transmission line. The transmission line is also called the feed line. The transmission line is the connection line between the transceiver of the antenna and the radiator of the antenna.

As shown in FIG. 2 , both ends of the parasitic antenna 120 are electrically connected to the reflective plate 130 , and a loop loop is formed between the parasitic antenna 120 and the reflective plate 130 . In this way, when the central antenna 110 is working, the peripheral annular loop will be coupled with induction to form a magnetic current loop. At this time, the direction pattern of the antenna structure 100 will be formed by the joint action of the central antenna 110 and the peripheral magnetic current loop. The current directions of the central antenna 110 and the magnetic current loop are shown by the dotted arrows in Figures 3 and 4. As shown in Figure 3 shows that when the phase of the magnetic field induced by the magnetic current loop is opposite to the phase of the magnetic field of the central antenna 110, the beams subtract in the horizontal direction and the beams superpose in the elevation direction, thereby realizing the beam upturn and the elevation angle θ1 decreases; as shown in Figure 4 As shown, when the magnetic field phase induced by the magnetic current loop is in phase with the magnetic field phase of the central antenna 110, the two beams overlap in the horizontal direction, the beam expands in the horizontal direction, and the pitch angle θ2 increases.

Therefore, by changing the phase of the current induced by the magnetic current loop, the pitch angle θ of the beam will be changed. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, when the central antenna 110 feeds the parasitic antenna 120 through coupling, the phase of the coupling current coupled to the parasitic antenna 120 is adjustable, which can ensure that the current phase of the central antenna 110 is consistent with that of the parasitic antenna. The phase of the coupling current on 120 can be in the same direction or in the opposite direction, so that the magnetic field phase of the central antenna 110 and the magnetic field phase of the magnetic current loop induced on the ring loop can switch between the same direction and the opposite direction, thereby achieving beam coverage. The range can be flexibly adjusted. Therefore, the antenna structure 100 provided by the embodiment of the present application realizes beam reconfiguration and avoids the problem of large insertion loss caused by setting the switch 141 on the feed channel.

It should be noted that the opposite phase means that the phase of the magnetic field induced by the magnetic current loop is 180° different from the magnetic field phase of the central antenna 110, and the same phase means that the phase of the magnetic field induced by the magnetic current loop is different from the magnetic field phase of the central antenna 110. 0°. Wherein, the magnetic field phase of the central antenna 110 can be the phase of the current fed into the central antenna 110, and the magnetic field phase induced by the magnetic current loop can be the phase coupled to the ring loop. The phase of the coupling current.

In order to realize that the phase of the coupling current coupled to the parasitic antenna 120 is adjustable, one way can be to adjust the physical size of the radiator of the parasitic antenna, for example, using memory metal, etc., through electrical control/thermal control. Control the size of the radiator of the parasitic antenna by controlling the size of the radiator of the parasitic antenna; or use the sliding structure to control the physical structural size of the radiator of the parasitic antenna. For example, using a capacitor implemented with a parallel plate, the same impedance adjustment effect is obtained by sliding the metal overlap area of the parallel plate capacitor to adjust the phase of the induced coupling current on the loop.

Alternatively, another method may be to connect a blocking adjustment component in series on the annular loop. In the embodiment of the present application, specifically connecting a blocking adjusting component in series on the annular loop is used as an example to adjust the phase of the coupled current induced on the annular loop, for example , as shown in Figure 2, it also includes: an impedance adjustment component 140. The impedance adjustment component 140 achieves phase adjustment by selecting different impedances. The impedance adjustment component 140 may be located on the parasitic antenna 120, or, as shown in Figure 2, the impedance adjustment component 140 is located at the connection between one end of the parasitic antenna 120 and the reflection plate 130. For example, in Figure 2, the impedance adjustment component 140 is located between the end of the parasitic antenna 120 away from the central antenna 110 and the reflective plate 130 . Of course, in some examples, the impedance adjustment component 140 can also be located between the end of the parasitic antenna 120 close to the central antenna 110 and the reflection plate 130. In the embodiment of the present application, the impedance adjustment component 140 is located at the end of the parasitic antenna 120 away from the central antenna 110. The distance between one end and the reflecting plate 130 will be described as an example.

Among them, the current resonance mode of the magnetic current loop induced on the loop between the parasitic antenna 120 and the reflection plate 130 is equivalent to the LC series resonance mode, and its resonance frequency is inversely proportional to When the impedance adjustment component 140 is connected in series on the ring loop, the equivalent circuit diagram is shown in Figure 5. By connecting another impedance adjustment component 140 (ie, Delta_Z in Figure 5) in series with the original LC resonance, its series resonance frequency and phase can be adjusted. When the series-connected Delta_Z is capacitive, it is connected in series with the original capacitance 142C of the circuit, and the overall resonant circuit capacitance 142 decreases; when Delta_Z is inductive, it is connected in series with the original inductance 143L, and the overall resonant circuit inductance 143 increases. Its phase changes from leading to lagging, and the corresponding Delta_Z changes from the direction of small capacitance 142->large capacitance 142->small inductance 143->large inductance 143. Referring to FIG. 6 , when the impedance of the impedance adjustment component 140 is adjusted from 1 fF to 5 nH, as L or C increases, the pattern pitch angle θ of the antenna increases monotonically.

Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, by connecting the impedance adjustment component 140 in series on the ring loop and selecting different impedance values, the phase of the induced current coupled to the ring loop can be adjusted, thereby making the pitch angle of the beam adjustable. , realizing the function of beam reconfiguration.

In a possible implementation, there are multiple parasitic antennas 120 (see FIG. 1 ), and the multiple parasitic antennas 120 are spaced around the central axis O (see FIG. 3 ) of the central antenna 110 , and multiple The parasitic antenna 120 is arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis O of the central antenna 110 . For example, the number of parasitic antennas 120 can be two, and the two parasitic antennas 120 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the central axis O of the central antenna 110; or for example, the number of parasitic antennas 120 can be three, and the three parasitic antennas 120 are on the reflector. 130 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis O of the central antenna 110 at intervals of 120°. By arranging multiple parasitic antennas 120 symmetrically with respect to the central axis O of the central antenna 110 , the loop loop formed between each parasitic antenna 120 and the reflection plate 130 is symmetrical with respect to the central axis O of the central antenna 110 . In this way, the direction of the antenna structure 100 The magnetic current loops induced on each annular loop in the figure are also symmetrical, which makes the pattern of the antenna structure 100 more uniform. In this way, the formed beam has uniform coverage in all directions, so that the antenna structure 100 satisfies the omnidirectional Sexual antenna requirements.

In a possible implementation, continuing to refer to FIG. 4 , each parasitic antenna 120 includes: a first vertical branch 121 , a transverse branch 122 and a second vertical branch 123 . The transverse branch 122 is along the edge of the reflector 130 Arranged in the radial direction, for example, one end of the transverse branches 122 is close to the central axis O of the central antenna 110 and the other end of the transverse branches 122 extends toward the outer edge of the emission plate. Both ends of the horizontal branch 122 are connected to the tops of the first vertical branch 121 and the second vertical branch 123 respectively, and the bottom ends of the first vertical branch 121 and the second vertical branch 123 are electrically connected to the reflection plate 130, so that , an annular loop is formed between the first vertical branch 121 , the transverse branch 122 , the second vertical branch 123 and between the reflecting plates 130 .

It can be understood that the first vertical branch 121 , the transverse branch 122 and the second vertical branch 123 are all radiators of the parasitic antenna 120 .

Referring to FIG. 4 , in the radial direction of the reflection plate 130 , the first vertical branch 121 is close to the central axis O of the central antenna 110 , and the second vertical branch 123 is far away from the central axis O of the central antenna 110 . Therefore, continue to refer to As shown in FIG. 2 , the horizontal distance L2 between the first vertical branch 121 and the central axis of the central antenna 110 is smaller than the horizontal distance L1 between the second vertical branch 123 and the central axis of the central antenna 110 .

In the embodiment of the present application, the horizontal distance L1 between the second vertical branch 123 and the central axis O of the central antenna 110 will affect the minimum value of the beam pitch angle, for example, the minimum value of the beam coverage. When the second vertical branch 123 The larger the horizontal distance L1 from the central axis O of the central antenna 110, the smaller the beam pitch angle. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, the distance between the second vertical branch 123 and the central antenna 110 is The horizontal distance L1 between the central axes is greater than or equal to 1/4λ and less than or equal to 1/2λ. λ is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonant frequency. It should be noted that the resonant frequency is also called the resonant frequency. The resonant frequency can have a frequency range (see Figure 14 below), that is, the frequency range in which resonance occurs. The resonant frequency may be a frequency range in which the return loss characteristic is less than -6dB. The frequency corresponding to the strongest point of resonance is the center frequency, which can also be called the point frequency.

When the horizontal distance L1 between the second vertical branch 123 and the central axis of the central antenna 110 is greater than or equal to 1/4λ and less than or equal to 1/2λ, the minimum pitch angle can reach 30°. For example, when the center frequency of the resonant frequency is 6 GHz, the wavelength λ corresponding to the center frequency is approximately 50 mm. If the horizontal distance L1 between the second vertical branch 123 and the central axis of the central antenna 110 is 0.4λ, then The horizontal distance L1 between the second vertical branch 123 and the central axis of the central antenna 110 is 20 mm.

In the embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG. 2 , the central antenna 110 is a monopole antenna including a central branch 111 . In FIG. 2 , the central branch 111 is an upright branch, and the central branch 111 is disposed on the reflector 130 , and the bottom end 110b of the central branch 111 is used to be electrically connected to the feed point, and the top 110a of the central branch 111 is set in the air. In some examples, the central branch 111 may also be a branch of other nature.

Wherein, when the central antenna 110 includes a central branch 111, the top end 110a of the central antenna 110 is the top of the central branch 111, and the bottom end 110b of the central antenna 110 is the bottom end of the central branch 111. A plurality of parasitic antennas 120 are arranged at intervals around the central branch 111 . In the embodiment of the present application, the transverse branches 122 of the parasitic antenna 120 have a strip structure (see FIG. 1 ). And the strip-like structures are arranged along the radial direction of the reflective plate 130 . The central antenna 110 is a monopole antenna, thus forming an implementation form of electric monopole + magnetic current loop, which corresponds to the reconstruction of the beam pattern achieved by electricity + magnetism. The implementation of electricity + magnetism enables the parasitic antenna 120 to have more Adjustable degrees of freedom are beneficial to achieving wide frequency bands and stable beams.

In the embodiment of the present application, when the central antenna 110 is a monopole antenna, the distance H between the top 110a of the central branch 111 and the reflection plate 130 may be less than 1/4λ, where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonant frequency, for example , when the center frequency of the resonant frequency is 6GHz, λ is 50mm, and when the distance H (see Figure 2) between the top 110a of the central branch 111 and the reflection plate 130 is 0.2λ, then the top 110a of the central branch 111 and The distance H between the reflective plates 130 is 10 mm. In this way, the overall height of the antenna structure 100 is reduced, so that the size of the antenna structure 100 tends to be miniaturized.

In a possible implementation, as shown in FIG. 7 , the second vertical branch 123 is electrically connected to the reflection plate 130 through an impedance adjustment component 140 , where the impedance adjustment component 140 may include: a switch 141 , a capacitor 142 and an inductor 143 , wherein one end of the capacitor 142 is electrically connected to the bottom end of the second vertical branch 123 , and the capacitor 142 and the inductor 143 are connected in series. One end of the switch 141 is electrically connected to the other end of the capacitor 142, and the other end of the switch 141 is electrically connected to the reflection plate 130. The switch 141 can be a PIN diode switch. In this way, different impedances can be selected by switching the switch 141, thereby achieving Switching of different beams of the antenna, for example, when the switch 141 is open, the antenna works in one state, and when the switch 141 is short-circuited, the antenna works in another state.

Among them, in Figure 7, the other end of the inductor 143 can also be connected to the control circuit 145, and a resistor 144 is connected in series between the inductor 143 and the control circuit 145. In this way, the capacitor 142, the inductor 143 and the resistor 144 form an isolation system between the control signal and the radio frequency signal. circuit, and the capacitor 142 is also a part of the impedance adjustment component 140, and whether the capacitor 142 is connected to the impedance matching path is switched by the state of the switch 141.

It should be noted that the switch 141 provided in the embodiment of the present application is provided at the connection between the second vertical branch 123 and the reflection plate 130. For example, the switch 141 in the impedance adjustment assembly 140 is not provided on the feed channel. Compared with arranging the switch 141 on the feed channel, less loss is introduced. Therefore, compared with arranging the switch 141 on the feed channel to achieve beam reconfiguration in the related art, in the embodiment of the present application, impedance adjustment is used The switch 141 of the component 140 realizes the selection of different impedances, thereby adjusting the phase of the induced current induced on the ring loop, realizing beam reconfiguration, and avoiding the need to set a switch on the feed channel.

In the embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG. 7 , the bottom end of the second vertical branch 123 is connected to the ground through the microstrip line 124 and the reflective plate 130 . Of course, in some examples, the bottom end of the second vertical branch 123 can also be grounded through other conductive structures such as leads and the reflective plate 130 .

In a possible implementation, as shown in FIG. 8 , the lateral branches 122 of the parasitic antenna 120 may have a sheet-like structure, and the lateral branches 122 of the parasitic antenna 120 are horizontally suspended above the reflection plate 130 . Compared with FIG. 1 The lateral branches 122 of the parasitic antenna 120 can be improved in the embodiment of the present application by increasing the radiation area of the lateral branches 122 of the parasitic antenna 120 .

As shown in FIG. 8 , the central antenna 110 may also include: a plurality of loading branches 112 , each loading branch 112 is electrically connected to the top 110 a of the central branch 111 , and the plurality of loading branches 112 are spaced around the central branch 111 and are suspended horizontally. on the reflective plate 130 . By setting the loading node 112, the bandwidth can be expanded. It can be understood that both the loading stub and the central stub are the radiators of the centerline antenna.

For example, in Figure 8, the number of loading branches 112 is 4. The four loading branches 112 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the central branch 111. There are transverse branches 122 on the parasitic antenna 120 between two adjacent loading branches. The loading branches 112 and the transverse branches are 122 are located on the same plane. pass The loading branches 112 and the transverse branches 122 are located on the same plane. In this way, when the loading branches 112 and the transverse branches 122 are prepared, the loading branches 112 and the transverse branches 122 can be printed on the same surface, so that the loading branches 112 and the transverse branches 122 are The preparation process is more convenient. In addition, the loading branches 112 and the transverse branches 122 are located on the same plane, so that in the vertical direction, the loading branches 112 and the transverse branches 122 are flush, ensuring that the volume of the antenna structure 100 is not easily too large.

The shape of the loading branch 112 can be a fan-shaped structure as shown in FIG. 8 . Of course, in some examples, the shape of the loading branch 112 can also be other structures. For example, the shape of the loading branch 112 can also be a square or elliptical structure.

Referring to Figures 9 and 10, multiple loading branches 112 share a central branch 111. Of course, in some examples, each loading branch 112 is provided with a corresponding central branch 111. For details, see the description of Figure 15 below. It should be noted that when the central antenna 110 includes a central branch 111, the central axis of the central antenna 110 coincides with the axis of the central branch 111, so a plurality of parasitic antennas 120 are arranged around the axis of the central branch 111.

10 , the central antenna 110 also includes: a plurality of first connecting branches 113 , one end of each first connecting branch 113 is electrically connected to the loading branch 112 , and the other end of each first connecting branch 113 is electrically connected to the center The top end 110a of the branch 111 is electrically connected. In this way, the loading branch 112 is electrically connected to the central branch 111 through the first connecting branch 113 .

Among them, as shown in FIG. 10 , the central antenna 110 also includes: a matching branch 114 , and the matching branch 114 is located on the first connecting branch 113 . Matching stub 114 is used to implement impedance adjustment. It can be understood that the first connecting branch 113 and the matching branch 114 are also radiators of the central antenna 110 .

As shown in Figure 10, the loading branch 112 has a hollow area 1121, and the hollow area 1121 is used to divide the loading branch 112 into annular branches. In this way, when the current reaches the loading branch 112 through the central branch 111 and the first connecting branch 113, the hollow area 1121 on the loading branch 112 changes the path of the current, thus regulating the current path and making the bandwidth wider.

It should be noted that the shape of the hollow area 1121 can be consistent with the shape of the loading branches 112. For example, the loading branches 112 have a fan-shaped structure, and the hollow area 1121 can also have a fan-shaped structure. In FIG. 10, each loading branch 112 has a fan-shaped structure. A hollow area 1121 is provided. During the application process, one or more hollow areas 1121 can be opened on the loading branch 112 as needed. In the embodiment of the present application, the number of the hollow areas 1121 is not limited.

In a possible implementation, as shown in FIG. 11 , the second vertical branch 123 may include: a first sub-arm 1231 and a second sub-arm 1232 , and one end of the first sub-arm 1231 is electrically connected to the horizontal branch 122 , the other end of the second sub-arm 1232 and one end of the second sub-arm 1232 are vertically parallel to each other and form a distributed capacitance. The other end of the second sub-arm 1232 is electrically connected to the reflection plate 130 . The other end of the second sub-arm 1232 can be electrically connected to the reflection plate 130 through the impedance adjustment component 140 .

In the embodiment of the present application, when the distributed capacitance is constructed on the second vertical branch 123 through the first sub-arm 1231 and the second sub-arm 1232, in this way, the initial control position can be determined, thereby determining the control range. For example, when through control The method controls the pitch angle change amount by 20°. By setting the distributed capacitance, the initial control position can be determined. For example, whether the pitch angle starts to be controlled from 10° or 40°. When the pitch angle starts to be controlled from 10°, the control range is 10-30°. , when the pitch angle starts to be adjusted from 40°, the control range is 40°-60°.

It should be noted that distributed capacitance (or distributed capacitance) refers to the equivalent capacitance formed by two conductive parts separated by a certain gap.

It should be noted that when the second vertical branch 123 includes the first sub-arm 1231 and the second sub-arm 1232, then the horizontal distance L1 between the second vertical branch 123 and the central axis of the central antenna 110 (see Figure 2 ) may specifically be the horizontal distance between the second sub-arm 1232 and the central axis O of the central antenna 110 .

When the antenna structure 100 provided by the embodiment of the present application is applied to the ceiling AP antenna of Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) (5.17GHz-5.835GHz), when the antenna structure 100 shown in Figure 8 is used, and in the simulation test When , the beam reconfigurability of two states of antenna beam pitch angle is realized: see Figure 12, state 1 realizes the cell beam range covering 120 range, that is, the pitch angle θ covers ±60°, and the gain at θ=60° is achieved >- 1dBi. In addition, beam roll-off is achieved at the edge of the cell, that is, when θ>60°, the gain attenuates rapidly.

As shown in Figure 13, state 2 achieves wide cell beam coverage and horizontal omnidirectional 150° coverage, that is, the pitch angle θ covers the range of ±75°, and achieves gain >-1dBi at θ = 75°.

Among them, in the above two states of the antenna structure 100, as shown in Figure 14, the -10dB antenna standing wave can cover the broadband range of 4.8GHz-6.3GHz. The antenna efficiency can reach >80% antenna efficiency. The peak beam pitch angle of the two states switches from θ = 28° (see Figure 13) to θ = 56° (see Figure 14). The coverage is wide, the direction is more concentrated, and the beam is stable in the broadband range (that is, the beam dispersion is small ). Among them, state 1 realizes the steep drop characteristic of the beam at the edge of the cell.

In a possible implementation, as shown in Figure 15, the number of central branches 111 can also be multiple. For example, in Figure 16, the loading branch The number of nodes 112 is 4, so the number of central branches 111 can also be 4. The tops 110a of the four central branches 111 are electrically connected to the four loading branches 112 respectively, and the bottom ends of the four central branches 111 are gathered together to form The bottom end 110b of the central branch 111, so that when one of the central branches 111 fails, it will not cause the other central branches 111 to be unable to work.

Wherein, when the number of central branches 111 is multiple, the arrangement of the parasitic antenna 120 is shown in Figure 17. The transverse branches 122 of the parasitic antenna 120 are located between the two loading branches 112, and the inner ends of the transverse branches 122 are close to two of them. 111 central branches. It should be noted that when the number of central branches 111 is multiple, the central axis of the central antenna 110 is the center line P of the plurality of central branches 111. Therefore, the second vertical branch 123 and the center line of the plurality of central branches 111 are The horizontal distance L1 between P's is greater than or equal to 1/4λ and less than or equal to 1/2λ.

In the above embodiment, the transverse branches 122 of the multiple parasitic antennas 120 are arranged independently of each other. In a possible implementation, the transverse branches 122 of the multiple parasitic antennas 120 can be connected to form a disk. For example, see FIG. 18 and FIG. As shown in Figure 19, there is one parasitic antenna 120. The parasitic antenna 120 includes: a horizontal branch 122 in a ring structure, a first vertical branch 121 and a plurality of second vertical branches 123. For example, in Figure 19, the first vertical branch The number of branches 121 is one, and the number of second vertical branches 123 is six. In some examples, the number of second vertical branches 123 can be 4 or 8, and multiple second vertical branches 123 can be relative to the second vertical branches 123 . One vertical branch 121 is arranged symmetrically.

Among them, the top of the first vertical branch 121 is electrically connected to the inner edge of the horizontal branch 122. The first vertical branch 121 has a cylindrical structure, and the bottom end of the first vertical branch 121 is electrically connected to the reflection plate 130. See Figure 20 As shown in the figure, part of the central branch 111 of the central antenna 110 is inserted into the cylindrical structure surrounded by the first vertical branches 121 . Among them, in order to prevent the central branch 111 from contacting the inner wall of the first vertical branch 121, an insulating medium 1211 is filled between the central branch 111 and the inner wall of the first vertical branch 121 to prevent the central branch 111 from contacting the inner wall of the first vertical branch 121. 121 Electrical contact.

19 , a plurality of second vertical branches 123 are spaced around the first vertical branches 121 , and the top and bottom ends of the first vertical branches 121 are electrically connected to the transverse branches 122 and the reflective plate 130 respectively. connect. In the embodiment of the present application, the transverse branch 122 is a disk structure. The loading branch 112 and the first connecting branch 113 of the central antenna 110 are suspended above the transverse branch 122. The loading branch 112, the first connecting branch 113 and the disk-shaped structure There is a coupling gap between the lateral branches 122 (see Figure 24 below).

In a possible implementation, in order to support the loading branches 112 and the transverse branches 122, as shown in FIG. 20, a support plate 150 is also included. The support plate 150 has opposite top surfaces and bottom surfaces, and the bottom surface faces the reflection plate 130. . Part of the central antenna 110 is located on the top surface of the support plate 150. For example, in Figure 20, the central branch 111 of the central antenna 110 passes through the support plate 150, and the loading branch 112 and the first connecting branch 113 of the central antenna 110 are both located on the support plate. On the top surface of 150, the transverse branches 122 are located on the bottom surface of the support plate 150, and the first vertical branches 121 and the second vertical branches 123 are respectively located on one side of the bottom surface of the support plate 150.

During installation, holes can be drilled on the support plate 150 for the central branch 111 to pass through. The loading branch 112 and the first connecting branch 113 of the central antenna 110 can be arranged on one side of the support plate 150 by printing. The transverse branches 122 can be On the other side of the support provided by printing, the central branch 111 can use copper pins to connect the feed points. In this way, the loading branches 112 of the central antenna 110 and the transverse branches 122 of the parasitic antenna 120 are integrated on the support plate 150. During assembly, the support plate 150 is supported on the reflection plate 130 through the first vertical branches 121 and the second vertical branches 123. , assembly is simple and efficient. Among them, the first vertical branch 121 and the second vertical branch 123 and the horizontal branch 122 can be electrically connected by welding. In the embodiment of the present application, the support plate 150 can be a bracket made of plastic, and the reflection plate 130 can be a printed Printed Circuit Board (PCB), the reflective plate 130 and the second vertical branch 123 can be electrically connected by welding.

In the embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG. 21 , the support plate 150 and the reflection plate 130 are both circular structures, and the diameter of the support plate 150 is smaller than the diameter of the reflection plate 130 . Of course, in some examples, the diameter of the support plate 150 is also smaller than that of the reflection plate 130 . The diameter of the supporting plate 150 and the reflecting plate 130 can be the same as that of the reflecting plate 130. The shapes of the supporting plate 150 and the reflecting plate 130 can also be set according to actual needs. In the embodiment of the present application, the shapes of the supporting plate 150 and the reflecting plate 130 include but are not limited to circular shapes. The structure, for example, can also be a square or elliptical structure.

As shown in Figure 21, the central antenna 110 also includes: at least one second connecting branch 115. Two adjacent loading branches 112 are connected through the second connecting branch 115. For example, the loading branch 112a and the loading branch 112b are connected through a second connection. The branches 115 are connected, and the second connecting branch 115 is equivalent to a bridge between two adjacent loading branches 112, so that the two loading branches 112 are connected. By setting the second connecting branch 115, the load on the loading branch 112 is fed into There are more current paths, and radiation can be achieved on each current path, ultimately resulting in a wider bandwidth.

In the embodiment of the present application, the shape of the second connecting branch 115 may be a fan-shaped branch as shown in FIG. 21 . Of course, in some examples, the second connecting branch 115 may also be a serpentine structure or a straight strip structure. .

In the embodiment of this application, it should be noted that according to the pitch angle design requirement, the minimum peak gain is directed to θ = 30°, see Figure 21 As shown in the figure, the size diameter D of the multiple loading branches 112 of the central antenna 110 is taken to be 50mm (50mm is approximately 1 times the wavelength of 6GHz).

In a possible implementation, as shown in Figure 22, the transverse branches 122 and the loading branches 112 are spaced and stacked in the vertical direction (ie, the Z-axis direction in Figure 22). The coupling gap causes a distributed capacitance to be formed between the transverse branch 122 and the loading branch 112. To this end, as shown in FIG. 23, the transverse branch 122 has a protruding portion 1221 protruding away from the reflective plate 130, and the protruding portion 1221 surrounds The first vertical branch 121 has an annular structure. In this way, as shown in FIG. 24 , the coupling gap between the transverse branch 122 and the loading branch 112 includes the coupling gap H1 and the coupling gap H2. For example, the coupling gap H2 is smaller than the coupling gap H1. In this way, the protruding portion 1221 on the transverse branch 122 The distance between the lateral branch 122 and the loading branch 112 is small and the impedance is small. The distance between other areas on the lateral branch 122 and the loading branch 112 is large and the impedance is large. In this way, a matching circuit for step impedance transformation is designed. Therefore, this application In the embodiment, the protruding portion 1221 serves to stabilize impedance matching under different conditions.

It can be understood that the formation of the protrusion 1221 on the transverse branch 122 can make the coupling gap between the transverse branch 122 and the loading branch 112 different, thereby achieving the purpose of step impedance transformation. Therefore, in some examples, it can also be A protruding portion 1221 is formed on the transverse branch 122 toward the reflective plate 130. For example, a recessed portion is formed on the transverse branch 122, which can also achieve the purpose of step impedance transformation. In the embodiment of the present application, specifically, a concave portion is formed on the transverse branch 122. The protruding portion 1221 formed on 122 toward the loading branch 112 will be described as an example.

In a possible implementation, as shown in Figure 25, the second vertical branch 123 includes: a first sub-arm 1231 and a second sub-arm 1232, and one end of the first sub-arm 1231 is electrically connected to the horizontal branch 122, As shown in FIG. 26 , there is a gap between the other end of the second sub-arm 1232 and one end of the second sub-arm 1232 to form a distributed capacitance. The other end of the second sub-arm 1232 is electrically connected to the reflection plate 130 . And the second sub-arm 1232 has a plurality of bent sections. For example, as shown in FIG. 26, the second sub-arm 1232 has a snake-shaped structure, and the second sub-arm 1232 forms a distributed inductance (in the circuit, due to wire routing and elements The inductance that exists due to the distribution of the device is called distributed inductance). In this way, an LC circuit (an LC circuit formed by the series connection of distributed capacitance and distributed inductance) is added to the ring loop. In this way, the initial control position can be determined, and thus the control range can be determined, such as , when the pitch angle change is controlled by 20° through control means, the initial control position can be determined by setting the distributed capacitance and distributed inductance. For example, whether the pitch angle starts to be controlled from 10° or 40°, when the pitch angle starts to be controlled from 10°, then The control range is 10-30°. When the pitch angle is adjusted from 40°, the control range is 40°-60°.

In a possible implementation, as shown in Figure 25, it also includes: a support arm 1233, the first sub-arm 1231 and the second sub-arm 1232 are both located on the support arm 1233. As shown in Figure 27, the support arm 1233 The bottom end 110b has a pin 1232a electrically connected to the second sub-arm 1232 on the end surface, and the pin 1232a is used to be electrically connected to the reflective plate 130. In the embodiment of the present application, in order to facilitate the positioning of the pin 1232a, as shown in Figure 27, the bottom end 110b of the support arm 1233 is provided with a support base 1234, and one end of the support base 1234 protrudes toward the first vertical branch 121. The pins 1232a of the second sub-arm 1232 pass through the boss and are exposed at the bottom surface of the boss. In this way, when the support arm 1233 and the reflection plate 130 are welded, the corresponding electrical connections between the boss and the reflection plate 130 are made. The position alignment realizes the electrical connection between the pin 1232a and the reflective plate 130.

In the embodiment of the present application, the support arms 1233 may both be insulating supports made of plastic, and the first sub-arm 1231 and the second sub-arm 1232 may be disposed on the outer surface of the support arm 1233 by printing.

Another aspect of the embodiments of the present application also provides a communication device. The communication device may include the antenna structure 100 of any of the above embodiments. The communication device may also include a radio frequency module. The radio frequency module feeds power to the feed point through a feeder. The electrical point can be located on the circuit board, and the electrical connection between the feed point and the bottom end of the central branch 111 of the central antenna 110 can be achieved through elastic pieces or welding.

In the description of the embodiments of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly stated and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection or a fixed connection. Indirect connection through an intermediary can be the internal connection between two elements or the interaction between two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

The devices or elements mentioned in the embodiments of this application or by implication must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the embodiments of this application. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise precisely and specifically specified.

The terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", etc. (if present) in the description and claims of the embodiments of this application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and It is not necessary to describe a specific order or sequence. It is to be understood that the data so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances so that the embodiments of the application described herein can be practiced in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, e.g., a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that encompasses a series of steps or units and need not be limited to those explicitly listed. those steps or units, Rather, other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to the processes, methods, products or devices may be included.

The term "plurality" as used herein means two or more. The term "and/or" in this article is just an association relationship that describes related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and/or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and they exist alone. B these three situations. In addition, the character "/" in this article generally indicates that the related objects before and after are an "or" relationship; in the formula, the character "/" indicates that the related objects before and after are a "division" relationship.

It can be understood that the various numerical numbers involved in the embodiments of the present application are only for convenience of description and are not used to limit the scope of the embodiments of the present application.

It can be understood that in the embodiments of the present application, the size of the sequence numbers of the above-mentioned processes does not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its functions and internal logic, and should not be used in the implementation of the present application. The implementation of the examples does not constitute any limitations.

Claims (22)

1. An antenna structure, characterized in that it includes: a reflection plate, a central antenna and a parasitic antenna. The central antenna is worn on the reflection plate and one end is used for electrical connection with a feed point. The other end of the central antenna is Suspended above the reflective plate;

   The parasitic antenna is arranged around the central axis of the central antenna, and the parasitic antenna and the central antenna are coupled and fed;

   Both ends of the parasitic antenna are electrically connected to the reflection plate, and a loop loop is formed between the parasitic antenna and the reflection plate.
2. The antenna structure according to claim 1, further comprising: an impedance adjustment component located on the parasitic antenna, or the impedance adjustment component is located between one end of the parasitic antenna and the The connection between reflective panels;

   The impedance adjustment component is used to adjust the phase of the coupling current induced by the parasitic antenna coupling.
3. The antenna structure according to claim 2, characterized in that there are multiple parasitic antennas, and the plurality of parasitic antennas are spaced around the central axis of the central antenna, and the plurality of parasitic antennas are opposite to the central antenna. The central axis of the central antenna is arranged symmetrically.
4. The antenna structure according to claim 3, wherein each parasitic antenna includes: a first vertical branch, a transverse branch and a second vertical branch, and the transverse branch is along the radial direction of the reflection plate. Directional arrangement;

   Both ends of the transverse branches are connected to the tops of the first vertical branches and the second vertical branches respectively, and the bottom ends of the first vertical branches and the second vertical branches are connected to the The reflective plate is electrically connected.
5. The antenna structure according to claim 4, wherein the transverse branches are in a sheet-like structure, or the transverse branches are in a strip structure.
6. The antenna structure according to claim 2, characterized in that there is one parasitic antenna, and the parasitic antenna includes: a lateral branch in a ring structure, a first vertical branch and a plurality of second vertical branches;

   The top end of the first vertical branch is electrically connected to the inner edge of the transverse branch, the bottom end of the first vertical branch is electrically connected to the reflection plate, and part of the central antenna is inserted through the In the tubular structure surrounded by the first vertical branches;

   The plurality of second vertical branches are arranged at intervals around the first vertical branches; and the top and bottom ends of the first vertical branches are electrically connected to the transverse branches and the reflective plate respectively.
7. The antenna structure according to claim 6, wherein the transverse branches have a raised portion protruding away from the reflection plate, and the raised portion forms an annular structure around the first vertical branch. .
8. The antenna structure according to claim 6 or 7, further comprising: a support plate, the support plate having opposite top surfaces and bottom surfaces, the bottom surface facing the reflection plate;

   The central antenna portion is located on the top surface of the support plate, and the transverse branches are located on the bottom surface of the support plate.
9. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that, in the radial direction of the reflection plate, the horizontal distance between the first vertical branch and the central axis of the central antenna is less than The horizontal distance between the second vertical branch and the central axis of the central antenna;

   And the horizontal distance between the second vertical branch and the central axis of the central antenna is greater than or equal to 1/4λ and less than or equal to 1/2λ, where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonant frequency.
10. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 4 to 9, characterized in that the second vertical branch includes: a first sub-arm and a second sub-arm, and one end of the first sub-arm is in contact with the transverse The branches are electrically connected, the other end of the second sub-arm and one end of the second sub-arm are vertically parallel to each other and form a distributed capacitance, and the other end of the second sub-arm is electrically connected to the reflection plate. connect.
11. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 4 to 9, characterized in that the second vertical branch includes: a first sub-arm and a second sub-arm, and one end of the first sub-arm is in contact with the transverse The branches are electrically connected, there is a gap between the other end of the second sub-arm and one end of the second sub-arm to form a distributed capacitance, and the other end of the second sub-arm is electrically connected to the reflective plate;

    And the second sub-arm has a plurality of bent sections, so that the second sub-arm forms a distributed inductance.
12. The antenna structure according to claim 11, further comprising: a support arm, the first sub-arm and the second sub-arm are both located on the support arm, and the bottom end surface of the support arm There are pins electrically connected to the second sub-arm, and the pins are used to electrically connect to the reflective plate.
13. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 4 to 12, characterized in that the impedance adjustment component includes: a switch, a capacitor and an inductor, wherein one end of the capacitor is electrically connected to the bottom end of the second vertical branch. Connection, the capacitor and the inductor are connected in series;

    One end of the switch is electrically connected to the other end of the capacitor, the other end of the switch is electrically connected to the reflective plate, and the bottom end of the second vertical branch is grounded with the reflective plate through a microstrip line. .
14. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the central antenna is a monopole antenna including a central branch, the central branch is disposed on the reflecting plate, and the central branch The bottom end is used for electrical connection with the feed point, and the top end of the central branch is set in the air;

    The parasitic antenna is symmetrically arranged around the central branch.
15. The antenna structure according to claim 14, wherein the central antenna further includes: a plurality of loading branches, each of the loading branches is electrically connected to the top of the central branch, and the plurality of loading branches The branches are arranged at intervals around the central branch and suspended horizontally above the reflective plate.
16. The antenna structure according to claim 15, characterized in that a transverse branch of the parasitic antenna is provided between two adjacent loading branches, and the loading branch and the transverse branch are located on the same plane;

    Alternatively, the loading branches and the transverse branches of the parasitic antenna are vertically spaced.
17. The antenna structure according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the central antenna further includes: a plurality of first connection branches, one end of each first connection branch is electrically connected to the loading branch, and each first connection branch is electrically connected to the loading branch. The other end of each of the first connecting branches is electrically connected to the top of the central branch.
18. The antenna structure according to claim 17, wherein the central antenna further includes: a matching branch, and the matching branch is located on the first connecting branch.
19. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that the loading branch has a hollow area, and the hollow area is used to divide the loading branch into annular branches.
20. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 15 to 18, wherein the central antenna further includes: at least one second connecting branch, and two adjacent loading branches are connected through the second connecting branch.
21. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 14 to 20, characterized in that the distance between the top of the central branch and the reflection plate is less than 1/4λ, and the λ is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonant frequency. .
22. A communication device, characterized by comprising the antenna structure described in any one of claims 1-21.