WO2024044281A2 - Architectures de production combinée de chaleur et d'électricité et procédés associés - Google Patents

Architectures de production combinée de chaleur et d'électricité et procédés associés Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024044281A2
WO2024044281A2 PCT/US2023/030981 US2023030981W WO2024044281A2 WO 2024044281 A2 WO2024044281 A2 WO 2024044281A2 US 2023030981 W US2023030981 W US 2023030981W WO 2024044281 A2 WO2024044281 A2 WO 2024044281A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
chp
tank
architecture
coils
liquid
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2023/030981
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2024044281A3 (fr
Inventor
Gregory Powell
James C WARREN
Original Assignee
Enginuity Power Systems, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Enginuity Power Systems, Inc. filed Critical Enginuity Power Systems, Inc.
Publication of WO2024044281A2 publication Critical patent/WO2024044281A2/fr
Publication of WO2024044281A3 publication Critical patent/WO2024044281A3/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D18/00—Small-scale combined heat and power [CHP] generation systems specially adapted for domestic heating, space heating or domestic hot-water supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2101/00—Electric generators of small-scale CHP systems
    • F24D2101/70—Electric generators driven by internal combustion engines [ICE]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2103/00—Thermal aspects of small-scale CHP systems
    • F24D2103/10—Small-scale CHP systems characterised by their heat recovery units
    • F24D2103/13—Small-scale CHP systems characterised by their heat recovery units characterised by their heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2103/00—Thermal aspects of small-scale CHP systems
    • F24D2103/10—Small-scale CHP systems characterised by their heat recovery units
    • F24D2103/17—Storage tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/16—Waste heat
    • F24D2200/26—Internal combustion engine

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to the field of combined heat and power (CHP) architectures and related methods.
  • CHP combined heat and power
  • a CHP architecture may comprise: a first CHP system, the first CHP system comprising a first energy generation module and a first energy
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) storage and transfer module; and at least one controller for controlling a flow of liquid between the first energy storage and transfer module and a second CHP system.
  • the exemplary architecture may further comprise the second CHP system comprising a second energy generation module and a second energy storage and transfer module.
  • each of the first and second CHPs may comprise components of a common platform.
  • the first energy generation module may comprise at least one, first inwardly-oriented opposed piston engine (OPE) and the .second energy generation module may comprise at least one, second inwardly-oriented OPE.
  • OPE first inwardly-oriented opposed piston engine
  • the first energy storage and transfer module may comprise first thermal transfer coolant coils for transporting a coolant configured to surround an external surface of a first tank of the first CHP system, where the first coils may substantially extend a length of the first tank.
  • the second energy storage and transfer module may comprise second thermal transfer coolant coils for transporting a coolant configured to surround an external surface of a second tank of the second CHP system, where, similar to the first coils, the second coils substantially extend a length of the second tank.
  • the first and/or second coils may comprise D-shaped coils.
  • the exemplary CHP architecture may further comprise a first thermal transfer connection connected to a first internal tank of the first CHP system and to a second internal tank of the second CHP system to transport the liquid from the first tank to the second tank, and a second thermal transfer connection connected to the first tank of the first CHP system and to the second internal tank of the second CHP system to transport the liquid from the second tank to the first tank.
  • the exemplary CHP architecture may comprise a buffer tank.
  • One such exemplary method for operating a first CHP system independently of a second CHP system of an CHP architecture may comprise controlling a pump of the CHP architecture or components of the first and second
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) CHP system such that the first and second CHP systems operate independently.
  • the method may further comprise operating the first and second CHP systems at the same time, or, alternatively, operating one of the first CHP system or the second CHP system.
  • Figure 1 depicts an external view of an inventive CHP architecture according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • Figure 2 depicts an internal view of an inventive CHP architecture according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • Figure 3 depicts a simplified illustration of an exemplary thermal interface between coolant connections (pipes) and a liquid storage tank according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • Figure 4 depicts another simplified illustration of the exemplary thermal interface between the coolant connections and a liquid storage tank according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • Figure 5 depicts an external view of another, inventive CHP architecture according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) commercially successful implementation may not be depicted so that a less obstructed and a clearer presentation of embodiments may be achieved.
  • the term "comprises,” “comprising,” or variations thereof are intended to refer to a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article of manufacture, apparatus or system (e.g., a CHP) that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements in the list but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article of manufacture, or apparatus.
  • controller means one or more electronic processors and at least one electronic memory that stores computer program code (e.g. , electronic signals representing instructions and data) where, upon execution of stored computer program code, the controller or apparatus (which includes the controller) may be caused to perform certain inventive functions and/or complete certain steps in an inventive method.
  • the stored computer program code may be software or firmware, for example. Further the computer program code may be downloaded prior to being stored in the one or more electronic memories, for example.
  • n may indicate a last CHP or last component of a CHP.
  • FIG. 1 there is depicted an external view of an inventive CHP architecture 1 that may comprise two or more CHP systems 2, 3 (sometimes referred to hereafter as “first CHP” 2 and “second CHP” 3) that may be thermally connected via thermal transfer connections 4,5.
  • each of the connections 4,5 may comprise one or more energy transfer passageways (e.g., tubes, pipes) for transferring heated or cooled liquid between CHPs 2,3.
  • connection 5 may comprise one or more energy transfer passageways for transferring heated liquid between CHPs 2,3 while connection 4 may comprise
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) one or more energy transfer passageways for transferring cooled liquid between CHPs 2,3.
  • each CHP system 2,3 may comprise an energy generation module 6,7 and an energy storage and transfer module 8,9.
  • the first CHP 2 may comprise first energy generation module 6 and first energy storage and transfer module 8 while the second CHP 3 may comprise second energy generation module 7 and second energy storage and transfer module 9.
  • second CHP 3 comprises similar (if not identical) components that may be referred to hereafter as “second” (component name) to distinguish them from components of the first CHP 2.
  • each CHP 2,3 (or if more are connected together, up to the last “n” CHP) may be comprised of a common “platform” of similar, if not identical, component types thus making the manufacture of each inventive CHP disclosed herein very efficient and cost-effective.
  • the first energy generation module 6 may comprise one or more first, inwardly-oriented OPEs 14. As described in more detail in the Related Applications which are incorporated by reference herein, each of the inwardly oriented OPEs 14 may comprise a two or four-cycle or two or four-stroke engine, for example.
  • each of the inventive inwardly oriented OPEs described herein may be configured to provide 0.5 kilowatt to 1 .0 megawatts of power (e.g., 10 kilowatts, 20 kilowatts, 30 kilowatts and 100 kilowatts) and be configured to have a displacement range of 24.8 cc to 500 liters, for example (e.g., 50 liters).
  • each OPE 14 may include one or more modular, removable intake and/or exhaust valve assemblies (e.g., throttle valves, spring loaded poppet valves, desmodromic valves (e.g., a valve that is closed by a camming mechanism, rather than by a spring mechanism)), for example.
  • one or more of the intake valve assemblies may be modified to include a hydraulic lash adjuster (HLA) configured to adjust the clearance of the intake valve as the intake valve
  • HLA hydraulic lash adjuster
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) changes in temperature due to thermal expansion or contraction.
  • exemplary timing for the exemplary intake valve assembly with the HLA may be 24/44 (center 460°)
  • the timing for the exhaust valve assembly with an HLA may be 57/11 (center at 247°) with a valve lift of 10 millimeters for the intake and exhaust valves.
  • an inventive OPE may include removable intake and exhaust valve assemblies, such inventive OPEs do not include a typical cylinder head as in a traditional engine.
  • a cylinder head may function as a heat sink due to the fact that it typically comprises a large surface area and it is proximate to combustion events, thereby exposing the head to the entirety of the heart discharged by the combustion events. This typically leads to a loss of energy due to the conversion of energy from work into heat.
  • the inventive OPEs do not use a typical cylinder head, such losses are minimized (i.e., the inventive OPEs convert more fuel into work and less into heat than typical, traditional engines).
  • inventive modular, removable valve assemblies allow for ease of servicing and lowered production costs.
  • the modular intake and exhaust assemblies may be directly affixed (connected) to a cylinder, thus increasing the overall simplicity and practicality of the inventive OPE 14. That is to say, in general, because the inventive OPEs do not need to incorporate a cylinder head the intake and exhaust assemblies can be directly connected to the engine block, rather than be connected to the head. As a result, the inventive OPEs may be more compact and weigh less than traditional engines.
  • intake and exhaust valve assemblies made a part of an inventive OPE need not necessarily be configured to be actuated in an overhead configuration. Alternatively, such valve assemblies may be actuated by a push-rod and camshaft combination, for example.
  • first OPE 14 may comprise one or more oil supply jets for distributing pressurized oil to internal parts of the OPE 14, such as to the pistons and connecting rods. Pressurized oil to be distributed by the jet may first traverse through a passageway formed as a pipe or formed as an integral channel in
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) a housing, for example, which leads from an oil pump that applies pressure to oil) connected to a connector.
  • the passageway may be 0.028 inches in diameter, for example.
  • each jet may be configured to distribute the pressurized oil in a spray pattern or jet pattern, to name just two of the many patterns that the jet(s) may use to distribute the oil onto internal parts of the OPE 14.
  • first OPE 14 may include an integrated oil pump according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • the exemplary oil pump may be integrated into the first OPE 14 casting as opposed to be separately casted to improve durability and cost and may be driven by the exhaust cam shaft located at the rear of the pump.
  • second CHP system 3 may include one or more inwardly-oriented second OPEs 15 that may include similar features as noted above.
  • second CHP system 3 may share substantially the same type of components as CHP 2 (i.e., a common platform).
  • the exemplary module 8 may comprise a first, external enclosure 8a.
  • the enclosure 8a may be configured to enclose a first, internal thermal transfer storage tank 16 (“first tank”) for holding liquid 8b (e.g., water).
  • first, thermal transfer coolant coils 10 for transporting a coolant 10a e.g., glycol
  • the coils 10 may substantially extend the entire length (or height depending on the orientation) of the tank 16.
  • the coolant within coils 10 may be warmer than the atmosphere surrounding the first OPE 14 due to the fact the coolant may have been warmed by heated water that is present in the tank 16 remains.
  • the coolant on the tank 16 may be 120° F while the atmosphere may be 70° F. Accordingly, the warmed coolant functions to pre-warm the OPE 14 even before the OPE 14 operates.
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) advantageously may provide the inventive OPEs (and the associated CHPs) with at least the following advantages: (i) allows lubricants (e.g., oil) to reach or maintain an optimal viscosity, ensuring better lubrication and reduced wear on OPE components; (ii) assist in the vaporization of fuel more effectively, resulting in smoother and more efficient combustion; (iii) allows the OPE to achieve its optimal operating temperature faster, leading to a reduction in unwanted emissions; and/or (iv) reduces the stress on OPE components, such as piston rings, bearings, and other moving parts, potentially extending the OPE’s lifespan.
  • lubricants e.g., oil
  • the coils 10 may comprise one or more first D-shaped coils where the vertical elements 10b of the D-shaped coils may be configured to lie on the exterior surface 16a of the first interior tank 16 such that energy (e.g., heat) in the coolant 10a within the coils 10 that was originally generated by the energy generation module 6 may be efficiently transferred from the coolant 10a to the liquid 8b (e.g., water) within the first internal tank 16. Thereafter, the now heated liquid 8b within the tank 16 may be transported from the first internal tank 16 to the first thermal transfer connection 5 via pump 17 to the second CHP 3.
  • the first thermal transfer connection 5 may be connected to the first tank 16 of CHP 2 and a second internal tank of the second CHP 3 to transport liquid from the first tank 16 to a second tank (tank of CHP 3 not shown for simplicity).
  • cooled liquid may also be received by the CHP 2 via thermal transfer connection 4.
  • cooled liquid within the second internal tank of CHP 3 may be transported from the second CHP 3 to the first internal tank 16 of the first CHP 2 via second thermal transfer connection 4.
  • the second thermal transfer connection 4 may be connected to the second tank of the second CHP 3 and to the first internal tank 16 of the first CHP 2.
  • heated liquid flows from the first CHP 2 to the second CHP 3 and the cooled liquid flows from the second CHP 3 to the first CHP 2
  • the flows of heated and cooled liquid may be reversed.
  • cooled liquid within the first internal tank 16 of CHP 2 may be transported from the first CHP 2 to the second internal tank of the second CHP 3 via second thermal transfer connection 4 (and an
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET ( RULE 26) appropriately configured pump 17) while heated liquid within the second internal tank of CHP 3 may be transported from the second CHP 3 to the first internal tank 16 of the first CHP 2 via the first thermal transfer connection 5 (and an appropriately configured pump 17).
  • the pump 17 may be configured to operate at a respective power level in order to transport liquid between CHP 2 and CHP 3 (or vice- versa) according to a range of flow rates (e.g., five to seven gallons per minute).
  • a range of flow rates e.g., five to seven gallons per minute.
  • the liquid may fill the tank within CHP 3 and then exit the tank through second thermal transfer connection 4 and then into CHP 2 (or vice-versa).
  • the first and second thermal transfer connections 4, 5 may comprise separate pipes each having the same internal diameter such that liquid in each connection 4,5 may flow at the same rate of speed.
  • the pump 17 may be controlled by a controller 18a of the first CHP 2 (or by controller 18b of the second CHP 3) based on signals the controller 18a may receive form one or more flow meters or sensors and tank level sensors (meters and sensors not shown for simplicity).
  • the flow meters may detect the flow rate through connections 4, 5 and send associated electrical signals to the controller 18a (“sensed signals”) so that the controller 18a may then execute stored computer program code in order to generate control signals based on the received sensed signals (and its stored electronic instructions) to control the operation of the pump 17 and its flow rate via communications connection 19 (e.g., a wired or wireless connection, such as an Internet of Things (loT) connection).
  • the controller 18b may be connected to the pump 17 via a communications connection that is similar to connection 19.
  • the tank level sensors in the first tank 16 and the second tank may detect the level of liquid in their respective internal tanks.
  • the controller 18a may execute stored computer program code in order to compare the levels to one another and then generate a computed difference between the levels. For example, the comparison may generate the difference (in gallons) between the sensed level in the first tank 16 and the sensed
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET ( RULE 26) level in the second tank If the generated difference exceeds a pre-determined (or adjustable) amount (e.g., an amount that indicates one level is at least 10% or more above the other level or an amount that indicates one level is 10% or more below the other level) then the controller 18a may to execute stored computer program code in order to generate and send control signals to the pump 17 via connection 19 to cause liquid to flow from first tank 16 of CHP 2 to the second tank of CHP 3 (or vice-versa) to, for example, maintain a balance of liquid (an associated thermal energy stored in the liquid) between CHP 2 and CHP 3.
  • a pre-determined (or adjustable) amount e.g., an amount that indicates one level is at least 10% or more above the other level or an amount that indicates one level is 10% or more below the other level
  • controller 18a and/or 18b may be further operable to execute stored computer program code in order to control the pump 17 of the architecture 1 and/or components of its respective CHP 2,3 such that both CHPs 2,3 operate at the same time, or, alternatively, such that only one of the CHPs 2,3 operates while the other CHP 2,3 does not operate.
  • the controller of each CHP may be operable to control the associated pump of the architecture and/or components of its respective CHP such that its’ respective CHP operates at the same time as one or more of the other CHPs, or, alternatively, such that only its’ respective CHP operates while the other CHPs do not operate.
  • the ability to operate one CHP system independently of another CHP system provides a user of architecture 1 with added flexibility. For example, maintenance may be completed on one CHP system (while it is inoperative) while the other CHP system remains in operation. Said another way, the first CHP system 2 may operate while the second CHP system 3 is inoperative ( or “n” CHP systems are inoperative).
  • the first energy storage and transfer module 8 may comprise fuel exhaust and treatment components 12.
  • components 12 may include a turbo-generator, muffler and catalytic converter unit.
  • the muffler that is part of components 12 may be operable to reduce a level of sound generated by the OPE 14 and exhaust gases, for example, to less than 60 dB. Such sound reduction is desirable in order to place the system 1 within a house or other enclosure (e.g., warehouse, factory, apartment building).
  • FIG. 5 there is depicted an external view of another inventive CHP architecture 100 that may comprise two or more CHP systems 200, 300, one or more buffer tanks 400 and one or more electrical storage units 700 (e.g., batteries).
  • the CHPs 200, 300 may be thermally connected via one or more thermal transfer connections 500a, 600a, while one (or more) of the CHPs (e.g., CHP 300) may be thermally connected via ternal transfer connections 500b, 600b.
  • the storage unit 700 may comprise a battery pack which may be connect to CHP 200,300 via electrical conductors (not shown in figures).
  • connections 500a, 600a and 500b, 600b may comprise one or more energy transfer passageways (e.g., tubes, pipes) for transferring heated or cooled liquid between CHPs 200,300 or between CHP 300 and buffer storage tank 400.
  • energy transfer passageways e.g., tubes, pipes
  • connections 600a may comprise one or more energy transfer passageways for transferring heated liquid between CHPs 200,300 via pump 800a and controller 900a (or controller 900b) while connection 500a may comprise one or more energy transfer passageways for transferring cooled liquid between CHPs 200,300 via pump 800a and controller 900a (or controller 900b) while connections 600b may comprise one or more energy transfer passageways for transferring heated liquid between CHP 300 and buffer storage tank 400 via pump 800b and controller 900b (or controller 900c) and connection 500b may comprise one or more energy transfer passageways for transferring cooled liquid between buffer tank 400 and CHP 300 via pump 800b and controller 900b (or controller 900c), for example.
  • the architecture 100 may store more energy in the form of heated liquid for those instances that require additional energy.
  • additional heated liquid e.g., water
  • Each of the CHPs 200,300 may include respective energy generation modules and an energy storage and transfer modules that have elements or components as described above with respect to CHP 2 (i.e. , a common platform of components as CHP 2).
  • CHP 2 a common platform of components
  • the buffer storage tank 400 may include an energy storage and transfer module similar to the module discussed previously above.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des architectures de production combinée de chaleur et d'électricité répondant à de nombreuses exigences en matière de production de chaleur et d'électricité.
PCT/US2023/030981 2022-08-23 2023-08-23 Architectures de production combinée de chaleur et d'électricité et procédés associés WO2024044281A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US202263400327P 2022-08-23 2022-08-23
US63/400,327 2022-08-23

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WO2024044281A2 true WO2024044281A2 (fr) 2024-02-29
WO2024044281A3 WO2024044281A3 (fr) 2024-05-10

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Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002070647A (ja) * 2000-08-30 2002-03-08 Osaka Gas Co Ltd エネルギー供給システム
EP1587613A2 (fr) * 2003-01-22 2005-10-26 Vast Power Systems, Inc. Reacteur
GB2454671B (en) * 2007-11-13 2013-03-27 Ec Power As Method and apparatus for providing heat and power
US10605483B2 (en) * 2016-06-13 2020-03-31 Enginuity Power Systems Combination systems and related methods for providing power, heat and cooling
CN110220331A (zh) * 2019-06-19 2019-09-10 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 热水制暖一体化换热设备及空调系统
US11598243B2 (en) * 2020-02-22 2023-03-07 Enginuity Power Systems, Inc. Four-stroke opposed piston engine architecture and related methods
JP2022064235A (ja) * 2020-10-13 2022-04-25 三菱重工パワーインダストリー株式会社 蓄熱式温度差蓄電池、熱電併給システム及び熱電併給システム群

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