WO2024040764A1 - 一种天线单元、滤波天线及终端设备 - Google Patents

一种天线单元、滤波天线及终端设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024040764A1
WO2024040764A1 PCT/CN2022/133128 CN2022133128W WO2024040764A1 WO 2024040764 A1 WO2024040764 A1 WO 2024040764A1 CN 2022133128 W CN2022133128 W CN 2022133128W WO 2024040764 A1 WO2024040764 A1 WO 2024040764A1
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dielectric substrate
filter
filtering
antenna
antenna unit
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PCT/CN2022/133128
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English (en)
French (fr)
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吴祖兵
王新辉
叶保兵
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成都天锐星通科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2024040764A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024040764A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of antennas, specifically, to an antenna unit, a filter antenna and a terminal device.
  • the antenna and filter are often designed separately, and then additional matching circuits are designed to connect and debug the two. This method usually not only fails to obtain the best match, but also tends to cause larger insertion loss. , sometimes increasing the size of the device.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide an antenna unit, a filter antenna and a terminal device to at least partially improve the above problems.
  • inventions of the present application provide an antenna unit.
  • the antenna unit includes: a first dielectric substrate, a second dielectric substrate, a third dielectric substrate, a radiation structure, and at least one group of transmission units.
  • the unit includes a first feed structure, a second feed structure and a filter structure;
  • the second dielectric substrate is disposed between the first dielectric substrate and the third dielectric substrate, and the radiation structure is disposed on a side of the first dielectric substrate away from the second dielectric substrate,
  • the second feeding structure is provided on a side of the second dielectric substrate close to the first dielectric substrate or on a side of the first dielectric substrate close to the second dielectric substrate.
  • the filtering structure is provided on a side of the third dielectric substrate close to the second dielectric substrate or on a side of the second dielectric substrate close to the first dielectric substrate, and the first feed structure Passed through the first dielectric substrate, the second dielectric substrate and the third dielectric substrate, the first feed structure is connected to the second feed structure and the filtering structure;
  • the first feed structure is used to transmit electromagnetic wave signals
  • the second feed structure is used to couple and feed power to the radiating structure
  • the filtering structure is used for filtering.
  • the projection of the second feed structure and the radiation structure on the second dielectric substrate at least partially overlaps.
  • the filtering structure includes a first filtering component and a second filtering component, the first feeding structure is connected to one end of the first filtering component, and the other end of the first filtering component One end is connected to the second filter component;
  • the first filter component and the second filter component form a T-shaped filter structure.
  • the other end of the first filter component is connected to the midpoint of the second filter component.
  • the length of the first filter component is a first length
  • the width of the first filter component is a first width
  • the length of the second filter component is a second length
  • the The width of the second filter component is the second width
  • the first length, the second length, the first width and the second width match the radiation zero point of the antenna unit, and the radiation zero point is used to indicate the frequency band to be filtered.
  • the angle between the first filter component and the projection of the second feed structure on the third dielectric substrate is the target rotation angle
  • the target rotation angle matches the radiation zero point of the antenna unit, and the radiation zero point is used to indicate the frequency band to be filtered.
  • the transmission units are all distributed around the center point of the radiating structure.
  • the geometric shape of the radiation structure is a circle, a rectangle or a polygon.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a filter antenna, including: the above-mentioned antenna unit.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a terminal device, including: the above filter antenna.
  • an antenna unit, a filter antenna and a terminal device including: a first dielectric substrate, a second dielectric substrate, a third dielectric substrate, a radiation structure and at least one group of
  • the transmission unit includes a first feed structure, a second feed structure and a filter structure; the second dielectric substrate is disposed between the first dielectric substrate and the third dielectric substrate, and the radiation structure is disposed on the first dielectric substrate.
  • the side of the chip away from the second dielectric substrate, the second feed structure is provided on the second dielectric substrate, the filtering structure is provided on the third dielectric substrate, and the first feed structure is provided on the second dielectric substrate and the third dielectric substrate.
  • the first feed structure is connected to the second feed structure and the filter structure; the first feed structure is used to transmit electromagnetic wave signals; the second feed structure is used to couple the feed to the radiation structure; the filter structure is used to conduct filter.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram comparing the filtering effects of conventional antennas and filter antennas provided by embodiments of the present application;
  • FIG. 3 is a top view of the antenna unit provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a side view of an antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms “upper”, “lower”, “inner”, “outer”, etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the The orientation or positional relationship in which the applied product is customarily placed during use is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore It should not be construed as a limitation on this application.
  • the terms "setting” and “connection” should be understood in a broad sense.
  • it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection, or Integrated connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be an internal connection between two components.
  • the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood on a case-by-case basis.
  • the antenna and filter are often designed separately, and then an additional external matching circuit is designed to connect and debug the two. This method usually not only fails to obtain the best match, but also easily leads to larger insertion. losses and sometimes increase the size of the device.
  • the inventor considered combining the filter characteristics with the antenna to achieve the filter characteristics of the antenna.
  • the filter and antenna are directly cascaded and integrated into the design to reduce unnecessary external matching circuits and thereby reduce matching loss.
  • the insertion loss of the filter still exists.
  • the inventor considered integrating the filter antenna with the design so that the antenna has both radiation and filtering functions without additional insertion loss.
  • the antenna serves as the last-order resonator resonance of the filter to realize the filtering function.
  • the transmission mode of the antenna is changed by changing the antenna structure, such as etching gaps, adding metal vias, or adding metamaterial structures. Generate transmission zeros to achieve filtering function.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the antenna unit is used as a component of the filter antenna.
  • the filter antenna may include multiple antenna units. For ease of presentation, only one of the antenna units is shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the antenna unit includes: a first dielectric substrate 11, a second dielectric substrate 12, a third dielectric substrate 13, a radiation structure 31 and at least one group of transmission units 20.
  • the transmission unit 20 includes a first feed structure 21, a second feed structure 22 and a filtering structure 23.
  • one antenna unit may include multiple groups of transmission units 20, of which only one group of transmission units 20 is shown in 1 for ease of illustration.
  • the second dielectric substrate 12 is disposed between the first dielectric substrate 11 and the third dielectric substrate 13.
  • the radiation structure 31 is disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate 11 away from the second dielectric substrate 12.
  • the second power feeding The structure 22 is opened on the side of the second dielectric substrate 12 close to the first dielectric substrate 11 or the side of the first dielectric substrate 11 close to the second dielectric substrate 12
  • the filtering structure 23 is opened on the side of the third dielectric substrate 13 close to On one side of the second dielectric substrate 12 or on the side of the second dielectric substrate 12 close to the third dielectric substrate 13 , the first feed structure 21 penetrates the first dielectric substrate 11 , the second dielectric substrate 12 and The third dielectric substrate 13, the first feed structure 21, the second feed structure 22 and the filter structure 23 are connected.
  • the antenna ground 14 is placed on the side of the third dielectric substrate 13 away from the second dielectric substrate 12 .
  • the first feeding structure 21 is used for transmitting electromagnetic wave signals; the second feeding structure 22 is used for coupling and feeding the radiation structure; and the filtering structure 23 is used for filtering.
  • the first feed structure 21 is made of metal or other conductive materials, such as metal vias.
  • the first feed structure 21 can be connected to a microstrip line to achieve electromagnetic wave signal transmission.
  • the side of the second dielectric substrate 12 close to the first dielectric substrate 11 or the side of the first dielectric substrate 11 close to the second dielectric substrate 12 is covered with a specific metal pattern, so as to A second feed structure 22 is formed.
  • the second feed structure 22 is used to couple the feed to the radiating structure.
  • the side of the third dielectric substrate 13 close to the second dielectric substrate 12 or the side of the second dielectric substrate 12 close to the third dielectric substrate 13 is covered with a specific metal pattern, To form the filter structure 23.
  • the filtering structure 23 is used to change the transmission mode of the antenna to generate transmission zeros, thereby performing filtering.
  • the antenna unit provided by the embodiments of the present application has a simple structure. By integrating the antenna and the filter in the design, it can reduce the size of the equipment on the premise of realizing low-pass, band-pass, high-pass, and band-stop filtering characteristics, and has low cost and high stability. and good filtering characteristics.
  • the antenna unit provided by the embodiment of the present application includes: a first dielectric substrate, a second dielectric substrate, a third dielectric substrate, a radiation structure and at least one group of transmission units.
  • the transmission unit includes a first feed structure, a second feeding structure and a filtering structure; the second dielectric substrate is arranged between the first dielectric substrate and the third dielectric substrate, and the radiation structure is arranged on the side of the first dielectric substrate away from the second dielectric substrate.
  • the second feed structure is provided on the second dielectric substrate, the filter structure is provided on the third dielectric substrate, the first feed structure is provided on the second dielectric substrate and the third dielectric substrate, and the first feed structure and The second feed structure and the filter structure are connected; the first feed structure is used to transmit electromagnetic wave signals; the second feed structure is used to couple the feed to the radiation structure; and the filter structure is used to perform filtering.
  • the antenna to achieve good filtering characteristics requires multiple laminations and a complex structure, which greatly increases the cost of the antenna.
  • Each component of the antenna unit in the embodiment of the present application is completed directly on the dielectric substrate. Therefore, the structure is simple, easy to manufacture, and convenient for PCB processing. It only needs one press to complete, and it has excellent filtering while achieving low cost. Characteristics are of great significance for practical engineering applications.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram comparing the filtering effects of conventional antennas and filter antennas provided by embodiments of the present application.
  • the working frequency band of the filter antenna is 14GHz-14.5GHz, and it is necessary to filter 10GHz-13GHz.
  • the transmission zero point is around 12.5GHz.
  • the filtering characteristics of the filter antenna are shown in Figure 2: the filter antenna works between 14GHz and 14.55GHz, with full gain.
  • the frequency band is greater than 5dB.
  • the antenna gain is less than -15dB
  • the full-band suppression is greater than 20dB
  • a radiation zero point is formed at 12.6GHz to achieve the required filtering effect.
  • the conventional non-filtered antenna has a gain of less than 0dB and a suppression of only 5dB at 10GHz-13GHz, and the filtering effect is far lower than that of the filtered antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a possible implementation method.
  • the projections of the second feed structure 22 and the radiation structure 31 on the second dielectric substrate 12 at least partially overlap.
  • the size of the overlapping area is related to the preset operating frequency.
  • one end of the second feed structure 22 is connected to the first feed structure 21 , and the other end of the second feed structure 22 points to the geometric center of the projection of the radiation structure 31 on the second dielectric substrate 12 .
  • the filtering structure 23 includes a first filtering component 231 and a second filtering component 232.
  • the first feeding structure 21 is connected to one end of the first filtering component 231.
  • the other end of the component 231 is connected to the second filter component 232 .
  • the first filter component 231 and the second filter component 232 form a T-shaped filter structure.
  • one end of the first filter component 231 away from the first feed structure 21 is in contact with the second filter component 232 in the length L2 direction.
  • the first filter component 231 and the second filter component 232 are opened on the side of the third dielectric substrate 13 close to the second dielectric substrate 12 or the second dielectric substrate 12 is close to the third dielectric substrate 13 one side.
  • first filter component 231 and the second filter component 232 may not be limited to straight lines, but may also be curves with amplitude.
  • the other end of the first filter component 231 is connected to the midpoint of the second filter component 232 .
  • the length of the first filter component is the first length L1
  • the width of the first filter component is the first width W1
  • the length of the second filter component is the second length L2
  • the width of the second filter component is the second length L2. Two widths W2.
  • the first length L1, the first width W1, the second length L2 and the second width W2 match the radiation zero point of the antenna unit, and the radiation zero point is used to indicate the frequency band to be filtered.
  • the radiation zero point is at 12.6GHz, which can have a filtering effect on the frequency band of 10GHz-13GHz.
  • the radiation zero point position of the antenna can be changed. Therefore, during the antenna design process, it is necessary to ensure that the first length L1, the first width W1, and the The second length L2 and the second width W2 match the radiation zero point of the antenna unit.
  • the angle between the projection of the first filter component 231 and the second feed structure 22 on the third dielectric substrate 13 is the target rotation angle.
  • the target rotation angle matches the radiation zero point of the antenna unit, which is used to indicate the frequency band to be filtered.
  • the rotation of the T-shaped filter structure around the first feed structure 21 can change the radiation zero point position of the antenna. Therefore, during the antenna design process, the target rotation angle needs to be determined in advance. The target rotation angle matches the radiation zero point of the antenna element.
  • the transmission units 20 are uniformly distributed around the center point of the radiation structure 31 .
  • the center point of the radiation structure 31 can be rotated by 90°, 180°, or 270°.
  • the transmission units 20 may be distributed in a circle around the center point of the radiation structure 31 , and the three transmission units 20 may be rotated by 120° around the center point of the radiation structure 31 .
  • the transmission units 20 may be distributed non-uniformly around the center point of the radiation structure 31 .
  • the angle of one of the transmission units 20 is 0°, and the remaining transmission units 20 surround the center point of the radiation structure 31 .
  • the transmission units 20 may be evenly distributed around the center point of the radiation structure 31 , and the four transmission units 20 may be rotated 90° around the center point of the radiation structure 31 .
  • the geometric shape of the radiation structure 31 is a circle, a rectangle or a polygon.
  • the first feeding structure 21, the second feeding structure 22 and the filtering structure 23 are metal structures.
  • the characteristics of the three-layer microwave dielectric substrate can be the same or different, and are not limited here.
  • the characteristics of the microwave dielectric substrate may affect the size, shape, area, etc. of the radiation structure 31 and the feed structure. For example, if the dielectric constant is large, the area of the radiation structure is small, and the intersection area of the second feed structure 22 and the radiation structure 31 is small; if the loss angle is large, the gain of the antenna is reduced.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a side view of the antenna unit, as shown in Figure 4 .
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a filter antenna.
  • the filter antenna includes the above-mentioned antenna unit.
  • the number of antenna units in the filter antenna is not limited.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a terminal device.
  • the terminal device includes the above filter antenna.
  • the terminal device may be a satellite communication base station.

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Abstract

本申请提出一种天线单元、滤波天线及终端设备，包括：第一介质基片、第二介质基片、第三介质基片、辐射结构以及至少一组传输单元，传输单元包括第一馈电结构、第二馈电结构以及滤波结构；第二介质基片设置于第一介质基片和第三介质基片之间，辐射结构设置于第一介质基片远离第二介质基片的一侧，第二馈电结构开设于第二介质基片，滤波结构开设于第三介质基片，第一馈电结构与第二馈电结构以及滤波结构连接；第一馈电结构用于传输电磁波信号；第二馈电结构用于向辐射结构耦合馈电；滤波结构用于进行滤波。通过将天线与滤波器融合设计，降低设备尺寸，具有低成本、高稳定性以及良好的滤波特性。

Description

一种天线单元、滤波天线及终端设备 技术领域
本申请涉及天线领域，具体而言，涉及一种天线单元、滤波天线及终端设备。
背景技术
随着科学进步和社会发展，越来越多的通信设备被用于生活中。例如卫星通信设备被广泛应用于各行各业。通信设备中的一个总要组件为天线，天线质量直接影响通信设备的通信质量。
现阶段的工程应用中，往往将天线与滤波器分开单独设计，再设计额外的匹配电路将二者连接调试，这种方法通常不仅不能得到最佳的匹配，且容易带来较大的插入损耗，有时还会增加设备的尺寸。
因此，如何设计一种具备滤波功能且不增加额外损耗的天线，成为了本领域技术人员亟待解决的难题。
发明内容
本申请的目的在于提供一种天线单元、滤波天线及终端设备，以至少部分改善上述问题。
为了实现上述目的，本申请实施例采用的技术方案如下：
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种天线单元，所述天线单元包括：第一介质基片、第二介质基片、第三介质基片、辐射结构以及至少一组传输单元，所述传输单元包括第一馈电结构、第二馈电结构以及滤波结构；
所述第二介质基片设置于所述第一介质基片和第三介质基片之间，所述辐射结构设置于所述第一介质基片远离所述第二介质基片的一侧，所述第二馈电结构开设于所述第二介质基片的靠近所述第一介质基片的一侧或者所述第一介质基片靠近所述第二介质基片的一 侧，所述滤波结构开设于所述第三介质基片靠近所述第二介质基片的一侧或者所述第二介质基片的靠近所述第一介质基片的一侧，所述第一馈电结构穿设于所述第一介质基片、所述第二介质基片以及所述第三介质基片，所述第一馈电结构与所述第二馈电结构、所述滤波结构连接；
所述第一馈电结构用于传输电磁波信号；
所述第二馈电结构用于向所述辐射结构耦合馈电；
所述滤波结构用于进行滤波。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第二馈电结构与所述辐射结构在所述第二介质基片的投影至少部分重叠。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述滤波结构包括第一滤波组件和第二滤波组件，所述第一馈电结构与所述第一滤波组件的一端连接，所述第一滤波组件的另一端与所述第二滤波组件连接；
所述第一滤波组件和所述第二滤波组件组成T形滤波结构。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一滤波组件的另一端连接于所述第二滤波组件的中点。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一滤波组件的长度为第一长度，所述第一滤波组件的宽度为第一宽度，所述第二滤波组件的长度为第二长度，所述第二滤波组件的宽度为第二宽度；
所述第一长度、所述第二长度、所述第一宽度以及所述第二宽度与天线单元的辐射零点匹配，所述辐射零点用于指示待滤波的频段。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一滤波组件与所述第二馈电结构在所述第三介质基片上的投影之间的夹角为目标旋转角度；
所述目标旋转角度与天线单元的辐射零点匹配，所述辐射零点用于指示待滤波的频段。
在一种可能的实现方式中，当所述传输单元的数量大于1时，所述传输单元围绕所述辐射结构的中心点均与分布。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述辐射结构的几何形状为圆形、 矩形或多边形。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种滤波天线，包括：上述的天线单元。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供一种终端设备，包括：上述的滤波天线。
相对于现有技术，本申请实施例所提供的一种天线单元、滤波天线及终端设备，包括：第一介质基片、第二介质基片、第三介质基片、辐射结构以及至少一组传输单元，传输单元包括第一馈电结构、第二馈电结构以及滤波结构；第二介质基片设置于第一介质基片和第三介质基片之间，辐射结构设置于第一介质基片远离第二介质基片的一侧，第二馈电结构开设于第二介质基片，滤波结构开设于第三介质基片，第一馈电结构穿设于第二介质基片和第三介质基片，第一馈电结构与第二馈电结构以及滤波结构连接；第一馈电结构用于传输电磁波信号；第二馈电结构用于向辐射结构耦合馈电；滤波结构用于进行滤波。通过将天线与滤波器融合设计，降低设备尺寸，具有低成本、高稳定性以及良好的滤波特性。
为使本申请的上述目的、特征和优点能更明显易懂，下文特举较佳实施例，并配合所附附图，作详细说明如下。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它相关的附图。
图1为本申请实施例提供的天线单元示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的常规天线和滤波天线的滤波效果对比示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的天线单元的俯视图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的天线单元的侧视图。
图中：11-第一介质基片；12-第二介质基片；13-第三介质基片；14-天线地；20-传输单元；21-第一馈电结构；22-第二馈电结构；23-滤波结构；231-第一滤波组件；232-第二滤波组件；31-辐射结构。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处附图中描述和示出的本申请实施例的组件可以以各种不同的配置来布置和设计。
因此，以下对在附图中提供的本申请的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本申请的范围，而是仅仅表示本申请的选定实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步定义和解释。同时，在本申请的描述中，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于区分描述，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所 述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“上”、“下”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，或者是该申请产品使用时惯常摆放的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本申请的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“设置”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
下面结合附图，对本申请的一些实施方式作详细说明。在不冲突的情况下，下述的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
现阶段的工程应用中，往往将天线与滤波器分开单独设计，再设计额外的外接匹配电路将二者连接调试，这种方法通常不仅不能得到最佳的匹配，且容易带来较大的插入损耗，有时还会增加设备的尺寸。
因此为降低损耗，且实现小型化，发明人考虑将滤波特性与天线结合起来，实现天线的滤波特性。通过滤波器与天线直接级联，进行一体化设计，以减少非必要的外接匹配电路，从而减少匹配损耗，但是滤波器的插入损耗依然存在。
为了进一步降低插入损耗，发明人考虑将滤波器天线融合设计，使天线既具有辐射功能，又具有滤波功能，同时不存在额外的插入损耗。
在滤波器天线融合设计中，天线作为滤波器的最后一阶谐振器谐振实现滤波功能，通过改变天线结构，如蚀刻缝隙、增加金属过孔、或增加超材料结构等方式改变天线的传输模式来产生传输零点，从而 实现滤波功能。
本申请实施例提供了一种天线单元，请参考图1，图1为本申请实施例提供的天线单元示意图。天线单元用于作为滤波天线的组成部分，需要说明的是，滤波天线可以包括多个天线单元，图1中为了便于展示，仅示出了其中一个天线单元。
如图1所示，天线单元包括：第一介质基片11、第二介质基片12、第三介质基片13、辐射结构31以及至少一组传输单元20，传输单元20包括第一馈电结构21、第二馈电结构22以及滤波结构23。
应理解，一个天线单元可以包括多组传输单元20，1中为了便于展示，仅示出了其中一组传输单元20。
第二介质基片12设置于第一介质基片11和第三介质基片13之间，辐射结构31设置于第一介质基片11远离第二介质基片12的一侧，第二馈电结构22开设于第二介质基片12靠近第一介质基片11的一侧或者第一介质基片11靠近第二介质基片12的一侧，滤波结构23开设于第三介质基片13靠近第二介质基片12的一侧或者第二介质基片12靠近第三介质基片13的一侧，第一馈电结构21穿设于第一介质基片11、第二介质基片12以及第三介质基片13，第一馈电结构21与第二馈电结构22以及滤波结构23连接。
可选地，天线地14置于第三介质基片13远离第二介质基片12的一侧。
第一馈电结构21用于传输电磁波信号；第二馈电结构22用于向辐射结构耦合馈电；滤波结构23用于进行滤波。
可选地，第一馈电结构21由金属或其他导体材料构成，例如为金属过孔。第一馈电结构21可以与微带线连接，从而实现电磁波信号传输。
可选地，如图1所示，第二介质基片12靠近第一介质基片11的一侧或者第一介质基片11靠近第二介质基片12的一侧覆盖特定的金属图形，以形成第二馈电结构22。第二馈电结构22用于向辐射 结构耦合馈电。
可选地，如图1所示，在第三介质基片13靠近第二介质基片12的一侧或者第二介质基片12靠近第三介质基片13的一侧覆盖特定的金属图形，以形成滤波结构23。滤波结构23用于改变天线的传输模式来产生传输零点，从而进行滤波。
本申请实施例提供的天线单元结构简单，通过将天线与滤波器融合设计，可以在实现低通、带通、高通、带阻滤波特性的前提下，降低设备尺寸，具有低成本、高稳定性以及良好的滤波特性。
综上所述，本申请实施例提供的天线单元，包括：第一介质基片、第二介质基片、第三介质基片、辐射结构以及至少一组传输单元，传输单元包括第一馈电结构、第二馈电结构以及滤波结构；第二介质基片设置于第一介质基片和第三介质基片之间，辐射结构设置于第一介质基片远离第二介质基片的一侧，第二馈电结构开设于第二介质基片，滤波结构开设于第三介质基片，第一馈电结构穿设于第二介质基片和第三介质基片，第一馈电结构与第二馈电结构、滤波结构连接；第一馈电结构用于传输电磁波信号；第二馈电结构用于向辐射结构耦合馈电；滤波结构用于进行滤波。通过将天线与滤波器融合设计，降低设备尺寸，具有低成本、高稳定性以及良好的滤波特性。
相对于将天线单元与滤波器独立设计的方案中，实现良好滤波特性的天线需要多次压合、结构复杂，极大的增加天线的成本。本申请实施例中的天线单元中的各个部件均在介质基片上直接完成，因此结构简单、易于制造，便于PCB加工，仅需一次压合即可完成，在实现低成本的同时具有优良的滤波特性，对于实际工程应用具有较大的意义。
请参考图2，图2为本申请实施例提供的常规天线和滤波天线的滤波效果对比示意图。假设，滤波天线的工作频段为14GHz-14.5GHz，需要对10GHz-13GHz进行滤波，传输零点在12.5GHz左右，滤波天线的滤波特性如图2所示：滤波天线工作在 14GHz-14.55GHz，增益全频段大于5dB，在10GHz-13GHz，天线增益小于-15dB，全频段抑制大于20dB，在12.6GHz形成辐射零点，达到需要的滤波效果。而常规的非滤波天线在10GHz-13GHz，增益小于0dB，抑制仅有5dB，滤波效果远远低于本申请实施例提供的滤波天线。
请继续参考图1，关于如何保障天线单元的性能，本申请实施例还提供了一种可能的实现方式。第二馈电结构22与辐射结构31在第二介质基片12的投影至少部分重叠。
应理解，重叠面积的大小与预设的工作频率相关。
可选地，第二馈电结构22的一端与第一馈电结构21连接，第二馈电结构22的另一端指向辐射结构31在第二介质基片12上投影的几何中心。
请参考图3，图3为本申请实施例提供的天线单元的俯视图。如图3所示，在一种可能的实现方式中，滤波结构23包括第一滤波组件231和第二滤波组件232，第一馈电结构21与第一滤波组件231的一端连接，第一滤波组件231的另一端与第二滤波组件232连接。
第一滤波组件231和第二滤波组件232组成T形滤波结构。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一滤波组件231远离第一馈电结构21的一端与第二滤波组件232中的长度L2方向相接触。
可选地，第一滤波组件231和第二滤波组件232为开设于在第三介质基片13靠近第二介质基片12的一侧或者第二介质基片12靠近第三介质基片13的一侧。
需要说明的是，第一滤波组件231和第二滤波组件232可以不限定为直线，也可以为有幅度的曲线。
在一种可能实现方式中，为了提升滤波效果，第一滤波组件231的另一端连接于第二滤波组件232的中点。
请继续参考图3，第一滤波组件的长度为第一长度L1，第一滤波组件的宽度为第一宽度W1，第二滤波组件的长度为第二长度L2， 第二滤波组件的宽度为第二宽度W2。
第一长度L1、第一宽度W1、第二长度L2以及第二宽度W2与天线单元的辐射零点匹配，辐射零点用于指示待滤波的频段。
例如图2所示，辐射零点在12.6GHz，可以对10GHz-13GHz的频段起到滤波效果。
需要说明的是，通过调节T型滤波结构中L1、L2、W1和W2的尺寸，可以改变天线的辐射零点位置，所以在天线设计过程中，需要保证第一长度L1、第一宽度W1、第二长度L2以及第二宽度W2与天线单元的辐射零点匹配。
请继续参考图3，在一种可能的实现方式中，第一滤波组件231与第二馈电结构22在第三介质基片13上的投影之间的夹角为目标旋转角度。
目标旋转角度与天线单元的辐射零点匹配，辐射零点用于指示待滤波的频段。
应理解，T型滤波结构围绕第一馈电结构21旋转，可以改变天线的辐射零点位置。所以在天线设计过程中，需要提前确定目标旋转角度。目标旋转角度与天线单元的辐射零点匹配。
在一种可能的实现方式中，当传输单元20的数量大于1时，传输单元20围绕辐射结构31的中心点均与分布。
例如，传输单元20的数量为2时，基于辐射结构31的中心点可以旋转90°、180°、270°。
当传输单元20的数量为3时，传输单元20围绕辐射结构31的中心点可以呈圆形分布，3个传输单元20围绕辐射结构31的中心点旋转120°。
当传输单元20的数量为3时，传输单元20围绕辐射结构31的中心点可以呈非均匀分布，假定其中一个传输单元20的角度是0°，其余个传输单元20围绕辐射结构31的中心点有3种旋转组合，第一种是90°、180°，第一种是90°、270°，第一种是180°、270°。
当传输单元20的数量为4时，传输单元20围绕辐射结构31的中心点可以呈均匀分布，4个传输单元20围绕辐射结构31的中心点旋转90°。
在一种可能的实现方式中，辐射结构31的几何形状为圆形、矩形或多边形。
可选地，第一馈电结构21、第二馈电结构22以及滤波结构23为金属结构。
需要说明的是，3层微波介质基片特性(包括相对介电常数、损耗角正切以及厚度)可以相同或者不同，在此不做限定。
可选地，微波介质基片特性会影响到辐射结构31和馈电结构的大小、形状、面积等等。例如，介电常数大，辐射结构面积小，第二馈电结构22与辐射结构31相交面积小；损耗角大，则降低天线的增益。
为了便于理解，本申请实施例还提供了一种天线单元的侧视图，具体如图4所示。
本申请实施例还提供了一种滤波天线，滤波天线包括上述的天线单元。本申请方案中，滤波天线中的天线单元的数量不做限制。
本申请实施例还提供了一种终端设备，终端设备包括上述的滤波天线。终端设备可以为卫星通信基站。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。
对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本申请不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在不背离本申请的精神或基本特征的情况下，能够以其它的具体形式实现本申请。因此，无论从哪一点来看，均应将实施例看作是示范性的，而且是非限制性的，本申请的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定，因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义 和范围内的所有变化囊括在本申请内。不应将权利要求中的任何附图标记视为限制所涉及的权利要求。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种天线单元，其特征在于，所述天线单元包括：第一介质基片、第二介质基片、第三介质基片、辐射结构以及至少一组传输单元，所述传输单元包括第一馈电结构、第二馈电结构以及滤波结构；
    所述第二介质基片设置于所述第一介质基片和第三介质基片之间，所述辐射结构设置于所述第一介质基片远离所述第二介质基片的一侧，所述第二馈电结构开设于所述第二介质基片靠近所述第一介质基片的一侧或者所述第一介质基片靠近所述第二介质基片的一侧，所述滤波结构开设于所述第三介质基片靠近所述第二介质基片的一侧或者所述第二介质基片靠近所述第三介质基片的一侧，所述第一馈电结构穿设于所述第一介质基片、所述第二介质基片以及所述第三介质基片，所述第一馈电结构与所述第二馈电结构、所述滤波结构连接；
    所述第一馈电结构用于传输电磁波信号；
    所述第二馈电结构用于向所述辐射结构耦合馈电；
    所述滤波结构用于滤波。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的天线单元，其特征在于，所述第二馈电结构与所述辐射结构在所述第二介质基片的投影至少部分重叠。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的天线单元，其特征在于，所述滤波结构包括第一滤波组件和第二滤波组件，所述第一馈电结构与所述第一滤波组件的一端连接，所述第一滤波组件的另一端与所述第二滤波组件连接；
    所述第一滤波组件和所述第二滤波组件组成T形滤波结构。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的天线单元，其特征在于，所述第一滤波组件的另一端连接于所述第二滤波组件的中点。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的天线单元，其特征在于，所述第一滤波组件的长度为第一长度，所述第一滤波组件的宽度为第一宽度，所述第二滤波组件的长度为第二长度，所述第二滤波组件的宽度为第二宽度；
    所述第一长度、所述第二长度、所述第一宽度以及所述第二宽度与天线单元的辐射零点匹配，所述辐射零点用于指示待滤波的频段。
  6. 如权利要求3所述的天线单元，其特征在于，所述第一滤波组件与所述第二馈电结构在所述第三介质基片上的投影之间的夹角为目标旋转角度；
    所述目标旋转角度与天线单元的辐射零点匹配，所述辐射零点用于指示待滤波的频段。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的天线单元，其特征在于，当所述传输单元的数量大于1时，所述传输单元围绕所述辐射结构的中心点均与分布。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的天线单元，其特征在于，所述辐射结构的几何形状为圆形、矩形或多边形。
  9. 一种滤波天线，其特征在于，包括：如权利要求1-8中任意一项所述的天线单元。
  10. 一种终端设备，其特征在于，包括：如权利要求9所述的滤波天线。
PCT/CN2022/133128 2022-08-23 2022-11-21 一种天线单元、滤波天线及终端设备 WO2024040764A1 (zh)

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CN115173041A (zh) * 2022-08-23 2022-10-11 成都天锐星通科技有限公司 一种天线单元、滤波天线及终端设备

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