Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
  • A61B3/02—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient
  • A61B3/028—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient for testing visual acuity; for determination of refraction, e.g. phoropters
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
  • A61B3/02—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient
  • A61B3/028—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient for testing visual acuity; for determination of refraction, e.g. phoropters
  • A61B3/0285—Phoropters
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
  • A61B3/02—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient
  • A61B3/028—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient for testing visual acuity; for determination of refraction, e.g. phoropters
  • A61B3/036—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient for testing visual acuity; for determination of refraction, e.g. phoropters for testing astigmatism
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
  • A61B3/02—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient
  • A61B3/028—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient for testing visual acuity; for determination of refraction, e.g. phoropters
  • A61B3/04—Trial frames; Sets of lenses for use therewith
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
  • G02C7/00—Optical parts
  • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
  • G02C7/024—Methods of designing ophthalmic lenses
  • G02C7/027—Methods of designing ophthalmic lenses considering wearer's parameters
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
  • G02C7/00—Optical parts
  • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
  • G02C7/06—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses bifocal; multifocal ; progressive
  • G02C7/061—Spectacle lenses with progressively varying focal power

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for determining a spectacle lens and a system for supporting the determination of a spectacle lens.
• Patent Document 1 a plurality of blurred images created by applying different degrees of blurring to an original image are presented to the wearer for visual recognition, and information regarding the wearer's sensitivity to blurring is obtained.
• a method for designing a spectacle lens is described, which includes the following steps: and designing a spectacle lens based on information regarding a wearer's susceptibility to blur.
• Patent Document 2 discloses that an image is displayed on a display device while maintaining the positional relationship between the subject's face and the display device, and that the visual sensitivity of the subject is determined based on the impression of the subject who visually recognized the image.
• a method for designing a spectacle lens is described, which includes the steps of: acquiring information on which sensitivity has been evaluated; and designing a spectacle lens based on the information on which sensitivity has been evaluated.
• An embodiment of the present invention aims to provide a technique for determining a spectacle lens suitable for a subject by considering the subject's sensitivity regarding aberrations.
• the first aspect of the present invention is preparing a plurality of blurred images with varying amounts of aberration added to a predetermined original image; Measuring the sensitivity of the subject to aberrations by simultaneously presenting the plurality of blurred images to the subject to compare how they look and obtaining a subjective response from the subject; A method for determining a spectacle lens, comprising the step of determining a spectacle lens suitable for the subject based on the subject's sensitivity to aberrations.
• the second aspect of the invention is In the step of preparing the plurality of blurred images, further preparing a plurality of similar blurred images similar to the plurality of blurred images, In the step of measuring the subject's sensitivity to aberrations, the subject is presented with the plurality of similar blurred images at the same time to compare their appearance, and the subject's subjective response is obtained multiple times, thereby determining the subjective response.
• a method for determining the eyeglass lens according to the first aspect which measures stability.
• the third aspect of the present invention is In the step of preparing the plurality of blurred images, further preparing a plurality of difficulty level-changing blurred images in which the difference in appearance is easier or harder to understand than the plurality of blurred images, In the step of measuring the subject's sensitivity to aberrations, the subject is simultaneously presented with the plurality of blurred images with varying degrees of difficulty to compare how they look, and the subject's subjective responses are obtained multiple times.
• This is a method for determining a spectacle lens according to the first aspect, which measures sensitivity to aberrations.
• the fourth aspect of the present invention is In the method for determining a spectacle lens according to the first aspect, in the step of preparing the plurality of blurred images, the original image is selected according to a characteristic direction of a decrease in spatial frequency characteristics due to the added aberration. be.
• the fifth aspect of the present invention is In the method for determining a spectacle lens according to the first aspect, a progressive power lens is determined in the step of determining the spectacle lens.
• the sixth aspect of the present invention is In the step of measuring the sensitivity of the subject to aberrations, the first step of presenting the plurality of blurred images is such that the spatial frequency of the main part of the plurality of blurred images is 3 CPD or more and 9 CPD or less. This is a method for determining a spectacle lens according to the embodiment.
• the seventh aspect of the present invention is In the step of measuring the subject's sensitivity to aberrations, the subject's head is not fixed, and the plurality of blurred images are presented at a distance of 0.3 m or more and 2 m or less from the subject's eyes. This is a method for determining a spectacle lens according to the aspect.
• the eighth aspect of the present invention is a storage unit that stores a plurality of blurred images with varying amounts of aberration added to a predetermined original image; a display unit that simultaneously presents the plurality of blurred images to the subject and compares their appearance; an input unit for inputting the subject's subjective response; a determination unit that determines the subject's sensitivity to aberrations from the subjective response;
• the eyeglass lens determination support system includes an output unit that outputs information for determining a spectacle lens suitable for the subject based on the sensitivity to the aberration.
• a spectacle lens suitable for a subject by considering the subject's sensitivity regarding aberrations.
• FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a method for determining a spectacle lens according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of an original image and a plurality of blurred images according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a spot image created by aberrations added to a blurred image according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a similar blurred image according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating characteristic directions of the spatial frequency characteristics of the original image according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a method for determining a spectacle lens according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of an original image and a plurality of blurred images according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example
• FIG. 6A is an image in which a downward aberration is added to an image (original image) of text that is read rightward on the page.
• FIG. 6B is an image in which an upward aberration is added to an image (original image) of text that is read rightward on the page.
• FIG. 6C is an image in which rightward aberration is added to an image (original image) of text read rightward on the page.
• FIG. 6D is an image in which an aberration in the left direction is added to an image (original image) of text that is read in the right direction on the page.
• FIG. 7A is an image in which a downward aberration is added to an image (original image) of text that is read downward on the page.
• FIG. 7A is an image in which a downward aberration is added to an image (original image) of text that is read downward on the page.
• FIG. 7B is an image in which an upward aberration is added to an image (original image) of text that is read downward on the page.
• FIG. 7C is an image in which rightward aberration is added to an image (original image) of text that is read downward on the page.
• FIG. 7D is an image in which a leftward aberration is added to an image (original image) of text that is read downward on the page.
• FIG. 8A is a diagram showing the power distribution and astigmatism distribution of a spectacle lens according to an example of the present invention.
• FIG. 8B is a diagram showing the power distribution and astigmatism distribution of a spectacle lens according to an example of the present invention.
• the inventors of the present invention have conducted extensive studies on the above-mentioned problems. As a result, they found that by presenting multiple blurred images to subjects at the same time and having them compare how they look, it is possible to more accurately measure sensitivity to blur, making it less susceptible to the effects of subjects' memory, fatigue, and adaptation. . Moreover, the measurement time can also be shortened. Furthermore, since multiple blurred images are compared, relative evaluation can be performed, which has the advantage of making it easier for the subject to evaluate. Therefore, it becomes easier to determine a spectacle lens suitable for the subject, taking into consideration the subject's sensitivity to blur.
• FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a method for determining eyeglass lenses according to the present embodiment.
• the spectacle lens determining method of this embodiment includes, for example, a blur image preparation step S101, a blur sensitivity measurement step S102, and a spectacle lens determining step S103.
• a case will be described in which a progressive power lens suitable for a subject is determined.
• the blurred image preparation step S101 for example, a plurality of blurred images (in this embodiment, two blurred images) in which the amount of aberration to be added (preferably only the amount) is changed with respect to a predetermined original image.
• This is a preparation process.
• the aberrations added in this embodiment include astigmatism, coma aberration, trefoil aberration, and the like.
• FIG. 2 shows an example of an original image and a plurality of blurred images.
• FIG. 2 shows a blurred image 10A with a predetermined amount of aberration added to the original image 10, and a blurred image 10B with a larger amount of aberration added than the blurred image 10A.
• FIG. 3 is an example of a spot image created by aberrations added to a blurred image.
• a spot image with a tail is shown at the lower left of the page.
• a blurred image with added aberrations that creates such a spot image appears blurred toward the lower left.
• the spatial frequency characteristics in the lower left direction are significantly (characteristically) degraded.
• the characteristic direction in which the spatial frequency characteristics are degraded due to the added aberration is referred to as the direction of the aberration.
• the directions of the aberrations added to the plurality of blurred images substantially match.
• the expression that the aberration directions substantially match includes not only the case where the directions completely match, but also the case where there is a slight difference of ⁇ 15 degrees or less in the aberration direction.
• the direction of aberration refers to the direction of the component with the largest absolute value among all the coefficients of all the blurred images when the aberrations added to the simultaneously displayed blurred images are respectively expanded by Zernike polynomials.
• the blurred image preparation step S101 when selecting an aberration to be added to the original image, for example, it may be arbitrarily selected from aberrations caused by a standard progressive power lens.
• the blur sensitivity measurement step S102 is a step of measuring the sensitivity of the subject to aberrations by, for example, presenting a plurality of blurred images to the subject simultaneously and having them compare their appearance, and obtaining a subjective response from the subject. Specifically, for example, a blurred image 10A and a blurred image 10B as shown in FIG. 2 are presented at the same time, the visual appearance is compared, and the user is asked to select which one looks clearer.
• presenting multiple blurred images at the same time means presenting multiple blurred images so that the multiple blurred images are visible within the field of view of the subject, and each The timing of the start or end of presentation of the blurred image is not limited (for example, the timing of the start or end of presentation may be different between the blurred image 10A and the blurred image 10B).
• a blurred image preparation step S101 of the present embodiment a plurality of similar blurred images similar to the plurality of blurred images are further prepared, and in the blur sensitivity measurement step S102, a plurality of similar blurred images to be added to the subject are prepared.
• the stability of the subjective response is measured by simultaneously presenting multiple similar blurred images in which the amount of blur (preferably only the amount) is changed and comparing the appearance, and obtaining the subject's subjective response multiple times. It is preferable to do so.
• the similar blurred images will be described in detail below.
• FIG. 4 shows an example of a similar blurred image similar to the blurred image 10A and the blurred image 10B.
• a similar blurred image means, for example, an image obtained by rotating a blurred image by an arbitrary angle, or an image obtained by enlarging or reducing a blurred image at an arbitrary magnification.
• a similar blurred image 20A and a similar blurred image 20B, a similar blurred image 21A and a similar blurred image 21A and a similar blurred image 10A and 10B, respectively, are rotated by 180 degrees.
• a similar blurred image 22A and a similar blurred image 22B are shown, which are obtained by rotating the blurred image 21B, the blurred image 10A, and the blurred image 10B by 270 degrees, respectively.
• two (similar) blurred images having the same rotation angle for example, similar blurred image 20A and similar blurred image 20B
• the subject's subjective response can be obtained four times by making four choices as to whether the subject can see clearly.
• an image with a small amount of added aberration is selected each time (blurred image 10A, similar blurred images 20A, 21A, 22B), it is determined that the stability of the subjective response is high, and the image with a small amount of added aberration is selected. If a large image and a large image are selected evenly, it is determined that the stability of the subjective response is low. High stability of the subjective response confirms that the sensitivity to added aberrations is high, and by measuring the stability of the subjective response, it is possible to more accurately measure the sensitivity to blur. Become. This makes it easier to determine a spectacle lens suitable for the subject.
• the blurred image and the similar blurred image have a common source image, they are not exactly the same image. If the same blurred image is used to obtain a subjective response multiple times, the influence of the subject's degree of adaptation becomes strong, and sensitivity to blur may not be accurately measured. On the other hand, by using similar blurred images, it is possible to reduce the influence of the degree of adaptation of the subject and measure sensitivity to blur more accurately.
• the display positions of an image with a small amount of aberration to be added and an image with a large amount of aberration may be switched and presented.
• the blurred image preparation step S101 of the present embodiment a plurality of difficulty level varying blurred images in which the difference in appearance is easier or harder to understand than the plurality of blurred images are further prepared.
• the blur sensitivity measurement step S102 the subject is presented with a plurality of blurred images with varying degrees of difficulty at the same time to compare their appearance, and the subject's subjective responses are obtained multiple times, thereby measuring the subject's sensitivity to aberrations. preferable.
• the details of the difficulty level changing blurred image will be explained below.
• VSOTF is described in the following document "Thibos LN, Hong X, Bradley A, Applegate RA. Accuracy and precision of objective refraction from wavefront aberrations. J Vis. 2004 Apr 23;4(4):329-51.” Therefore, the explanation here will be omitted.
• the plurality of types of difficulty level changing blurred images have different original images.
• the blurred image presented first (change in difficulty level) in the blur sensitivity measurement step S102 is one with a low difficulty level.
• it is preferable to measure the stability of the subjective response by preparing similar blurred images and obtaining the subject's subjective response multiple times, as described above. .
• FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the characteristic directions of the spatial frequency characteristics of the original image. Since the contrast of the original image 11 shown in FIG. 5 changes greatly in the left-right direction on the paper, it can be said that the characteristic direction of the spatial frequency characteristic is the left-right direction. For example, if a vertical aberration is added to such an original image 11, it is expected that the resulting image will be a blurred image that does not look much different from the original image 11. In other words, if the direction of the aberration to be added is different from the characteristic direction of the spatial frequency characteristics of the original image, a blurred image is likely to occur with a high degree of difficulty.
• the blurred image preparation step S101 of this embodiment it is preferable to select the original image according to the characteristic direction (direction of aberration) of the spatial frequency characteristic deterioration due to the added aberration. Thereby, the difficulty level of the blurred image can be appropriately controlled.
• the direction of the added aberration and the characteristic direction of the spatial frequency characteristic of the original image substantially match means that, for example, the absolute value of the inner product of the unit direction vectors of both is 0.7 or more. It may also mean becoming.
• the direction of aberration (0° to 180°) is the direction in which the blur increases, and is obtained from the direction in which the dispersion of the point spread intensity distribution is the largest.
• an additional sign may be added based on the direction from the peak point of the point spread function to the center of gravity (that is, the direction of aberration is -180° to 180°). .
• a plurality of blurred images are measured at a size such that the spatial frequency of the main part of the plurality of blurred images is 3 CPD or more and 9 CPD or less (corresponding to visual acuity of 0.1 to 0.3). It is preferable to present. For example, if a myopic subject is presented with a blurry image of such a size that it cannot be seen without glasses, sensitivity to blur may not be accurately measured due to effects such as adjustment errors of the glasses. On the other hand, by presenting a blurry image that is large enough for many subjects to see without wearing glasses, individual differences in cognition will be greatly reflected, making it possible to more accurately measure subjects' sensitivity to blur. can.
• the main part of a blurred image means a characteristic part of the blurred image where the difference in appearance is easily discernible. Furthermore, although it is preferable to present multiple blurred images with the same size, for example, even if there is a slight difference in the magnification of multiple blurred images (e.g., magnification of less than 5%), the subject cannot see the image. It is sufficient if it is possible to distinguish between the two. Also, the size where the spatial frequency of the main part of the blurred image is 3 CPD or more and 9 CPD or less (corresponding to visual acuity of 0.1 to 0.3) is, for example, when the original image is composed of line drawings or text. , which means that the width of the main lines constituting it is from 1/6 degree to 1/18 degree of visual angle.
• the subject's head is not fixed and a plurality of blurred images are presented at a distance of 0.3 m or more and 2 m or less from the subject's eyes.
• tension occurs and the burden on the subject increases.
• the tension of the head muscles and the tension of the eye muscles are linked, it becomes difficult for the subject to use their eyes on a daily basis, and sensitivity to blur may not be accurately measured.
• the burden on the subject can be reduced.
• sensitivity to blur can be measured more accurately by presenting a plurality of blurred images at a distance where the influence of a slight change in the position of the head (for example, about 3 cm) can be ignored.
• the answer options for the subjective response in the blur sensitivity measurement step S102 may also include an option such as "I can't see the difference.”
• Subjects who answered ⁇ I don't know the difference'' a lot tend to be aware that their sensitivity to blur is low.
• those who answered "I don't notice the difference” more often were more tolerant of eyeglass aberrations than those who answered "I don't notice the difference” less often. is often the case.
• sensitivity to blur can be divided into, for example, sensitivity to the size of blur and the strength of bias depending on the direction of blur.
• the sensitivity to blur explained so far is mainly the sensitivity to the size of blur, but in the blur sensitivity measurement step S102, not only the sensitivity to the size of blur but also the strength of bias depending on the direction of blur is measured. is preferred.
• the direction of blur refers to a direction in the range of -180° to 180°, which corresponds to the direction in which the tail follows as in the spot image shown in FIG. That is, for example, the left and right direction is divided into a right direction and a left direction.
• FIGS. 7A to 7D are diagrams showing examples of blurred images for explaining bias due to the direction of blurring.
• FIG. 6A is an image in which aberration is added in the downward direction
• FIG. 6B is an upward aberration
• FIG. 6C is an image in the rightward direction
• FIG. 6D is an image in which aberration is added in the leftward direction.
• FIG. 7A is an image in which aberrations are added in a downward direction
• FIG. 7B is an upward direction
• FIG. 7C is an image in a rightward direction
• FIG. 7D is an image in which aberrations are added in a leftward direction.
• FIGS. 6A to 6D many subjects selected that FIG. 6C with rightward aberration added was clearly visible, and in FIGS. 7A to 7D, FIG. 7A with downward aberration added was clearly visible.
• FIG. 7A with downward aberration added was clearly visible.
• the direction in which the text is read matches the direction of the added aberration, it tends to be less noticeable. Since the strength of such bias varies from person to person, it is preferable to measure how much the subject has a bias due to the direction of blur. Furthermore, it is preferable to perform measurements taking into account differences depending on the language that the subject usually uses.
• sensitivity to the size of blur can be measured, for example, by presenting a plurality of blurred images with different amounts of added aberration to the subject and determining whether or not the subject can recognize the difference.
• sensitivity to the size of blur can be measured, for example, by presenting a plurality of blurred images with different amounts of added aberration to the subject and determining whether or not the subject can recognize the difference.
• the degree of bias due to the direction of blur can be estimated from, for example, the degree of agreement or disagreement in the responses when the direction of the added aberration is changed by 180°.
• the direction of the added aberration and the unit of the characteristic direction of the spatial frequency characteristics of the original image it is preferable to present a subject with a blurred image in which the inner product of direction vectors is 0.7 or more and a blurred image in which the inner product is -0.7 or less, and to obtain a subjective response multiple times.
• a subject with a blurred image in which the inner product of direction vectors is 0.7 or more and a blurred image in which the inner product is -0.7 or less, and to obtain a subjective response multiple times.
• approximately the same number of blurred images with rightward aberration added and blurred images with leftward aberration added are prepared, and the subjects It is preferable to present the information to
• the spectacle lens determining step S103 is a step of determining a spectacle lens suitable for the subject, for example, based on the subject's sensitivity to aberrations measured in the blur sensitivity measuring step S102. In the spectacle lens determination step S103, it is preferable to determine a progressive power lens. This is because, since the influence of aberrations is large in a progressive power lens, it is particularly important to consider the subject's sensitivity to blur.
• the progressive refractive power is set so as to leave as little aberration as possible on the principal meridian.
• a progressive power lens with a balanced design between a design with low aberrations and a design with other improvements may be determined. For example, if a subject answers many times that he or she does not notice a difference, it is determined that the sensitivity to blur is low, and a progressive-power lens with a design that retains the aberration on the principal meridian but improves other aspects is determined. Good too.
• a progressive power lens may be determined as follows, taking into account the bias due to the direction of blur. For example, for a subject who has high sensitivity to the size of blur and a small bias due to the direction of blur, it is determined that the subject is likely to perceive blur on the principal meridian (or has high sensitivity to blur), and A progressive power lens that leaves as little aberration as possible may be determined.
• a progressive power lens designed to improve peripheral aberrations instead of leaving aberrations may be determined.
• a progressive power lens designed to improve peripheral aberrations may be determined.
• the eyeglass lens may be determined taking into consideration the subject's residual refractive error. Specifically, for example, for subjects with strong refractive errors such as astigmatism, the sensitivity measured in the blur sensitivity measurement step S102 may be set in consideration of the possibility that differences in the appearance of blurred images may be difficult to understand. The eyeglass lens may also be determined on the assumption that it actually has a slightly higher sensitivity.
• the present invention can also be applied as a spectacle lens decision support system.
• the eyeglass lens decision support system of this embodiment includes, for example, a storage unit that stores multiple blurred images with varying amounts of aberration added to a predetermined original image, and a storage unit that stores multiple blurred images with varying amounts of aberration added to a predetermined original image; a display unit that displays and compares the appearance; an input unit that inputs the subject's subjective response; a determination unit that determines the subject's sensitivity to aberrations based on the subject's subjective response; and an output unit that outputs information for determining a spectacle lens suitable for the subject.
• the eyeglass lens decision support system of this embodiment can be implemented, for example, by a tablet terminal equipped with a predetermined program, and has the advantage of low introduction cost. Further, the eyeglass lens decision support system of this embodiment may further include, for example, a creation unit that adds a predetermined aberration to the original image to create a blurred image.
• the direction of the aberration added to the plurality of blurred images presented at the same time is approximately the same, but the direction of the aberration added to the plurality of blurred images presented at the same time is not necessarily the same. It is not necessary to make them substantially match. Specifically, for example, no astigmatism is added to one blurred image (there is no direction of aberration), and astigmatism is added to the other blurred image (there is a direction of aberration). It's okay. In this case, as in the above-described embodiment, the subject can easily compare the appearance of multiple blurred images.
• blurred image preparation step S101 In this embodiment, two blurred images are presented at the same time. First, six different types of original images were prepared, and pairs of six types of blurred images (difficulty level varying blurred images) were prepared. Furthermore, for each of the six types of blurred image pairs, the rotation angle was changed, and three types of similar blurred images (four types when combined with the original blurred image) were prepared, for a total of 24 types of blurred image pairs.
• subjects who selected many blurred images with a small amount of added optical aberration (or blurred images with a good evaluation index) were assigned to group A, which has high sensitivity to aberrations.
• Subjects who moderately selected blurred images with a small amount of added optical aberration (or blurred images with a good evaluation index) were classified into Group B, which has low sensitivity to aberrations.
• Subjects who rarely selected blurred images with small added optical aberrations (or blurred images with good evaluation index) were asked to view the image from a different perspective than the designer.
• the evaluation index is an index indicating the visibility of the blurred image, which is calculated from the VSOTF of the blurred image or the selection results of past subjects.
• a progressive power lens suitable for the subject was determined based on the subject's sensitivity to aberrations measured in the blur sensitivity measurement step S102 described above. Specifically, for example, for the A group, a progressive power lens having a power distribution (power) and an astigmatism distribution (AS) as shown in FIG. 8A is determined, and for the B group, a progressive power lens is determined. , a progressive power lens having a power distribution (power) and an astigmatism distribution (AS) as shown in FIG. 8B was determined. As shown in FIG. 8A, a lens with no astigmatism on and near the principal meridian is suitable for subjects with high sensitivity to aberrations, and as shown in FIG.
• a lens with no astigmatism is suitable for subjects with low sensitivity to aberrations. This is because, although there is astigmatism on the principal meridian, a lens with sufficient near addition power that has a wide range left and right is suitable.
• additional measures such as counseling, etc. It is a good idea to do some research and decide on eyeglass lenses.

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