WO2024024211A1 - Warming up system for battery - Google Patents

Warming up system for battery Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024024211A1
WO2024024211A1 PCT/JP2023/017733 JP2023017733W WO2024024211A1 WO 2024024211 A1 WO2024024211 A1 WO 2024024211A1 JP 2023017733 W JP2023017733 W JP 2023017733W WO 2024024211 A1 WO2024024211 A1 WO 2024024211A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hole
battery
pipe
hole pipe
inlet
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2023/017733
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
佑樹 横井
Original Assignee
株式会社豊田自動織機
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 株式会社豊田自動織機 filed Critical 株式会社豊田自動織機
Publication of WO2024024211A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024024211A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/04—Condensers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/617—Types of temperature control for achieving uniformity or desired distribution of temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/651—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by parameters specified by a numeric value or mathematical formula, e.g. ratios, sizes or concentrations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6569—Fluids undergoing a liquid-gas phase change or transition, e.g. evaporation or condensation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a warm-up system for a battery, and particularly to a warm-up system that uses a refrigeration cycle to raise the temperature of a battery.
  • Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2013-60066 discloses that when the temperature of the battery is below a predetermined temperature, an automotive temperature control device warms up the battery using condensation heat (heat radiation) of the refrigeration cycle. Disclose.
  • the temperature of the battery is raised by the heat of condensation (radiation) of the refrigerant flowing in the heat exchanger that is thermally connected to the heat exchange surface of the battery.
  • a heat exchanger corresponds to a condenser in a refrigeration cycle. The heat exchanger conducts condensation heat (radiation) generated when a refrigerant flowing through the heat exchanger condenses from a heat exchange surface of the heat exchanger to a heat exchange surface of the battery. This raises the temperature of the battery.
  • the temperature of the heat exchange surface of the heat exchanger is approximately constant.
  • the refrigerant may be in a gaseous state in the flow path within the heat exchanger. A gas region where the refrigerant is in a liquid state or a liquid region where the refrigerant is in a liquid state may occur.
  • the heat exchange surface in the gas region is higher in temperature than the heat exchange surface in the gas-liquid two-phase state, and the heat exchange surface in the liquid region is lower in temperature than the heat exchange surface in the gas-liquid two-phase state. It is.
  • the temperature difference between the heat exchange surfaces of the heat exchanger may lead to non-uniformity in the temperature distribution of the warmed up (heated up) battery.
  • An object of the present disclosure is to suppress uneven temperature distribution of a battery in a warm-up system that raises the temperature of a battery using a refrigeration cycle.
  • the battery warm-up system of the present disclosure warms up the battery using condensation heat in the refrigeration cycle.
  • the warm-up system includes a heat exchanger that exchanges heat with the battery.
  • the heat exchanger includes an inlet header, an outlet header, a plurality of intermediate headers, and a plurality of perforated tubes.
  • the refrigerant of the refrigeration cycle flows into the inlet header.
  • Refrigerant flows out from the outlet header.
  • a plurality of intermediate headers are disposed between the inlet header and the outlet header in the refrigerant flow path. Each of the plurality of intermediate headers is configured to reverse the flow direction of the refrigerant.
  • the plurality of multi-hole tubes include an inlet multi-hole tube, an intermediate multi-hole tube, and an outlet multi-hole tube.
  • the inlet multi-hole pipe is connected to the inlet header and a first intermediate header of the plurality of intermediate headers, allows the refrigerant flowing into the inlet header to flow therethrough, and exchanges heat with the battery.
  • the intermediate multi-hole pipe is disposed between two intermediate headers among the plurality of intermediate headers, allows the refrigerant to flow, and exchanges heat with the battery.
  • the outlet multi-hole pipe is connected to a second intermediate header that is not connected to the inlet multi-hole pipe among the plurality of intermediate headers and to the outlet header, and allows the refrigerant to flow therethrough and exchanges heat with the battery.
  • each of at least one upstream multihole pipe including the inlet multihole pipe when the heat exchange area per unit length of the multihole pipe is defined as the unit heat exchange area, each of at least one upstream multihole pipe including the inlet multihole pipe. At least one of the upstream unit heat exchange area which is the unit heat exchange area of , or the downstream unit heat exchange area which is the unit heat exchange area of each of at least one downstream multi-hole pipe including the outlet multi-hole pipe is , smaller than the unit heat exchange area of other multi-hole pipes among the plurality of multi-hole pipes.
  • the battery warm-up system includes a heat exchanger that exchanges heat with the battery.
  • the heat exchanger is disposed between an inlet header into which the refrigerant of the refrigeration cycle flows, an outlet header through which the refrigerant flows out, and between the inlet header and the outlet header in the refrigerant flow path, and reverses the flow direction of the refrigerant. and multiple intermediate headers for.
  • the inlet multi-hole pipe is connected to the inlet header and the first intermediate header, allows the refrigerant that has flowed into the inlet header to flow therethrough, and exchanges heat with the battery.
  • the intermediate multi-hole pipe is disposed between two intermediate headers among the plurality of intermediate headers, allows the refrigerant to flow, and exchanges heat with the battery.
  • the outlet multi-hole pipe is connected to the intermediate header and the outlet header, allows the refrigerant to flow therethrough, and exchanges heat with the battery.
  • the refrigerant that has entered the inlet header flows through the inlet multi-hole pipe, flows into the first intermediate header, reverses its flow direction, and flows through the intermediate multi-hole pipe.
  • the refrigerant that has flowed through the intermediate multi-hole tube flows through the outlet multi-hole tube, enters the outlet header, and exits from the heat exchanger.
  • the battery is warmed up (temperature raised) by performing heat exchange between the refrigerant flowing through the inlet multi-hole pipe, the intermediate multi-hole pipe, and the outlet multi-hole pipe and the battery.
  • the inlet multi-hole pipe is on the upstream side
  • the outlet multi-hole pipe is on the downstream side.
  • each of at least one upstream multihole pipe including the inlet multihole pipe when the heat exchange area per unit length of the multihole pipe is defined as the unit heat exchange area, each of at least one upstream multihole pipe including the inlet multihole pipe. At least one of the upstream unit heat exchange area which is the unit heat exchange area of , or the downstream unit heat exchange area which is the unit heat exchange area of each of the at least one downstream multi-hole pipe including the outlet multi-hole pipe is , is smaller than the unit heat exchange area of other multi-hole pipes among the plurality of multi-hole pipes.
  • the upstream unit heat exchange area which is the area where the battery exchanges heat with the heat exchange area of each of the at least one upstream multi-hole pipe containing the gas region, is It is made smaller than the unit heat exchange area of the other multi-hole pipes (the unit heat exchange area of the intermediate multi-hole pipe other than the upstream side and the unit heat exchange area of the exit multi-hole pipe).
  • the downstream unit heat exchange area which is the area where the battery exchanges heat with the downstream multi-hole pipe where the liquid area is located, is unit heat exchange area (unit heat exchange area of the intermediate multi-hole pipe other than the downstream side and unit heat exchange area of the inlet multi-hole pipe).
  • the refrigerant flowing through the at least one upstream multi-hole pipe including the inlet multi-hole pipe is at a high temperature
  • the upstream portion and the downstream portion of the at least one downstream multi-hole pipe including the outlet multi-hole pipe are at a high temperature.
  • the unit heat exchange area on the upstream side which is the area where the upstream multi-hole pipe and the battery exchange heat, and the downstream multi-hole pipe and battery, where there is a large temperature difference.
  • the unit heat exchange area on the downstream side which is the area where (not included in the unit heat exchange area of the intermediate multi-hole pipe).
  • the amount of heat transferred from the refrigerant flowing through the upstream multi-hole pipe to the battery can be relatively reduced, and the amount of heat transferred from the refrigerant flowing through the downstream multi-hole pipe to the battery can be relatively reduced. can be made smaller. As a result, it is possible to suppress the temperature distribution of the battery from becoming non-uniform.
  • the battery warm-up system of the present disclosure warms up the battery using condensation heat in the refrigeration cycle.
  • the warm-up system includes a heat exchanger that exchanges heat with the battery.
  • the heat exchanger includes an inlet header, an outlet header, a plurality of intermediate headers, and a plurality of perforated tubes.
  • the refrigerant of the refrigeration cycle flows into the inlet header.
  • Refrigerant flows out from the outlet header.
  • the plurality of intermediate headers are arranged between the inlet header and the outlet header in the refrigerant flow path. Each of the plurality of intermediate headers is configured to reverse the flow direction of the refrigerant.
  • the plurality of multi-hole tubes include an inlet multi-hole tube, an intermediate multi-hole tube, and an outlet multi-hole tube.
  • the inlet multi-hole pipe is connected to the inlet header and the first intermediate header among the plurality of intermediate headers, allows the refrigerant flowing into the inlet header to flow therethrough, and exchanges heat with the battery.
  • the intermediate multi-hole pipe is disposed between two intermediate headers among the plurality of intermediate headers, allows the refrigerant to flow, and exchanges heat with the battery.
  • the outlet multi-hole pipe is connected to a second intermediate header that is not connected to the inlet multi-hole pipe among the plurality of intermediate headers and to the outlet header, and allows the refrigerant to flow therethrough and exchanges heat with the battery.
  • the refrigerant that has flowed into the inlet header flows through the inlet multi-hole pipe, flows into the first intermediate header, reverses its flow direction, and flows through the intermediate multi-hole pipe.
  • the refrigerant that has flowed through the intermediate multi-hole tube flows through the outlet multi-hole tube, enters the outlet header, and exits from the heat exchanger.
  • the battery is warmed up (temperature raised) by performing heat exchange between the refrigerant flowing through the inlet multi-hole pipe, the intermediate multi-hole pipe, and the outlet multi-hole pipe and the battery.
  • the inlet multi-hole pipe is on the upstream side
  • the outlet multi-hole pipe is on the downstream side.
  • the refrigerant flowing through at least one upstream multi-hole pipe including the inlet multi-hole pipe may be gasified (vaporized) to generate a gas region.
  • the thermal resistance between each of the at least one upstream multi-hole tube with a gas region and the battery is such that the thermal resistance between the battery and each of the at least one upstream multi-hole tube with gas region.
  • the thermal resistance between the battery and the intermediate multi-hole pipe (other than the intermediate multi-hole pipe and the outlet multi-hole pipe) is made larger. Thereby, the amount of heat transferred from the refrigerant flowing through the upstream multi-hole pipe to the battery can be relatively reduced. As a result, it is possible to suppress the temperature distribution of the battery from becoming non-uniform.
  • the flow through the at least one downstream multi-hole pipe including the outlet multi-hole pipe may liquefy in the middle of the at least one downstream multi-hole pipe, creating a liquid region.
  • the thermal resistance between the battery and the multi-hole pipe on the downstream side where the liquid area is and the thermal resistance between the inlet multi-hole tube) and the battery is greater.
  • the amount of heat transferred from the refrigerant flowing through the multi-hole pipe on the downstream side to the battery can be relatively reduced. As a result, it is possible to suppress the temperature distribution of the battery from becoming non-uniform.
  • the refrigerant flowing through the at least one upstream multi-hole pipe including the inlet multi-hole pipe is at a high temperature
  • the upstream portion and the downstream portion of the at least one downstream multi-hole pipe including the outlet multi-hole pipe are at a high temperature.
  • the thermal resistance between each of the tubes and the battery is different from that of the other tubes among the plurality of tubes (the intermediate hole not included in either the upstream tube or the downstream tube). (tube) and the battery.
  • the amount of heat transferred from the refrigerant flowing through the upstream multi-hole pipe to the battery can be relatively reduced, and the amount of heat transferred from the refrigerant flowing through the downstream multi-hole pipe to the battery can be relatively reduced. can be made smaller. As a result, it is possible to suppress the temperature distribution of the battery from becoming non-uniform.
  • the warm-up system further includes a heat conductive sheet provided between the battery and the heat exchanger. heat conduction between each of the at least one upstream multi-hole tube including the inlet multi-hole tube and the battery or between each of the at least one downstream multi-hole tube including the outlet multi-hole tube and the battery; The thermal conductivity of the sheet is smaller than the thermal conductivity of the heat conductive sheet between the battery and other multi-hole tubes among the plurality of multi-hole tubes.
  • the thermal conductivity of the thermal conductive sheet is smaller than the thermal conductivity of the thermal conductive sheet between the battery and other multi-hole tubes among the plurality of multi-hole tubes. This reduces the thermal resistance between the battery and at least one upstream multi-hole pipe, including the inlet multi-hole pipe, or between the battery and at least one downstream multi-hole pipe, including the outlet multi-hole pipe.
  • the thermal resistance can be made larger than the thermal resistance between the battery and other multi-hole tubes among the plurality of multi-hole tubes.
  • the refrigerant flowing through the other multi-hole pipe is in a gas-liquid two-phase state. If the refrigerant flowing through the multi-hole tube is in a gas-liquid two-phase state, the temperature of the heat exchange surface of the multi-hole tube is approximately constant. According to this configuration, since the refrigerant flowing through the other multi-hole pipes among the plurality of multi-hole pipes is in a gas-liquid two-phase state, the unit heat exchange area is relatively large, or the heat exchanger between the heat exchanger and the battery is relatively large. The temperature of the heat exchange surface of other multi-hole tubes with relatively low resistance is almost constant. As a result, the temperature distribution of the battery can be made more uniform.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the overall configuration of a warm-up system according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a top view of the heat exchanger in Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the inlet multi-hole pipe. It is a sectional view of another multi-hole pipe. It is a top view of the heat exchanger in a comparative example.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the state of a refrigerant gas region in the first embodiment.
  • 7 is a top view of the heat exchanger in Embodiment 2.
  • FIG. 7 is a top view of the heat exchanger in Embodiment 3.
  • 7 is a top view of the heat exchanger in Embodiment 4.
  • 7 is a top view of a heat exchanger in Embodiment 5. It is a top view of the heat exchanger in Embodiment 6.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the overall configuration of a warm-up system 1 according to Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.
  • the warm-up system 1 includes a refrigeration cycle 10, a battery 30, a heat conductive sheet 40, and a heat exchanger 50.
  • the battery 30 is an assembled battery in which a plurality of single cells (prismatic batteries) 31 are arranged in the thickness direction.
  • the cell may be, for example, a lithium ion battery or a nickel metal hydride battery.
  • the battery 30 is mounted on a vehicle as a power source for an electric vehicle such as a BEV or an HEV, for example.
  • the battery 30 is placed on the heat exchange surface of the heat exchanger 50 with an insulating heat conductive sheet 40 interposed therebetween.
  • the thermally conductive sheet 40 is made of a material with excellent insulation and thermal conductivity, and has elasticity.
  • the heat conductive sheet 40 closely contacts the heat exchange surface of the battery 30 and the heat exchange surface of the heat exchanger 50 while maintaining insulation between the battery 30 and the heat exchanger 50. Thereby, the heat conductive sheet 40 reduces the thermal resistance between the battery 30 and the heat exchanger 50.
  • the refrigeration cycle 10 includes a compressor 11, a condenser 12, an expansion valve (orifice) 13, an evaporator 14, and a gas-liquid separator (accumulator) 15, each of which is arranged in a refrigerant flow path 20. It consists of: The refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle 10 is compressed by the compressor 11 to become a high-temperature, high-pressure gas (gas), exchanges heat with the battery 30 in the condenser 12, releases heat (heat of condensation), and liquefies the refrigerant.
  • the condenser 12 is a heat exchanger 50 that exchanges heat with the battery 30, and will be described below as the heat exchanger 50.
  • the refrigerant exchanges heat with the battery 30 in the heat exchanger 50, releases heat of condensation, and becomes liquefied.
  • the pressure is reduced in the expansion valve 13
  • the temperature of the refrigerant decreases to the saturation temperature of the pressure, and a part of the refrigerant is liquefied. is vaporized and flows into the evaporator 14.
  • the refrigerant absorbs heat from the atmosphere in the evaporator 14, vaporizes, and returns to the compressor 11.
  • the gas-liquid separator 15 prevents liquid refrigerant from being sucked into the compressor 11 when the refrigerant cannot be completely vaporized in the evaporator 14 .
  • the warm-up system 1 for the battery 30 of the present embodiment warms up (raises the temperature of) the battery 30 using the condensation heat of the refrigeration cycle 10.
  • FIG. 2 is a top view of the heat exchanger 50 (condenser 12) in the first embodiment.
  • the heat exchanger 50 includes an inlet header 51, a plurality of intermediate headers (intermediate header 52, intermediate header 53, and intermediate header 54), an outlet header 55, a plurality of multi-hole pipes (inlet multi-hole pipe 56, and Other multi-hole pipes 57 (first intermediate multi-hole pipe 57a, second intermediate multi-hole pipe 57b, and outlet multi-hole pipe 57c) among the plurality of multi-hole pipes are included.
  • the inlet header 51 branches the high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant compressed by the compressor 11 of the refrigeration cycle 10 into a plurality of refrigerant flow paths provided in the inlet multi-hole pipe 56.
  • the inlet multi-hole pipe 56 is connected to the inlet header 51 and the intermediate header 52.
  • the refrigerant flowing out from the plurality of refrigerant channels of the inlet multi-hole pipe 56 is collected at the intermediate header 52, and flows into the plurality of refrigerant channels provided in the first intermediate multi-hole pipe 57a.
  • the first intermediate multi-hole pipe 57a is connected to the intermediate header 52 and the intermediate header 53.
  • the refrigerant flowing out from the plurality of refrigerant channels of the first intermediate multi-hole pipe 57a is collected at the intermediate header 53, and flows into the plurality of refrigerant channels provided in the second intermediate multi-hole pipe 57b.
  • the second intermediate multi-hole pipe 57b is connected to the intermediate header 53 and the intermediate header 54.
  • the refrigerant flowing out from the plurality of refrigerant channels of the second intermediate multi-hole pipe 57b is collected at the intermediate header 54, and flows into the plurality of refrigerant channels provided in the outlet multi-hole pipe 57c.
  • the refrigerant flowing out from the plurality of refrigerant channels of the outlet multi-hole pipe 57c gathers at the outlet header 55, flows out from the heat exchanger 50, is depressurized by the expansion valve 13, and flows into the evaporator 14.
  • the refrigerant that has flowed into the heat exchanger 50 gathers in the intermediate header 52, intermediate header 53, and intermediate header 54 and branches, thereby reversing the flow direction and causing the refrigerant to flow between the battery 30 (single cell 31). Efficient heat exchange.
  • arrows indicate the flow of refrigerant.
  • the inlet multi-hole pipe 56 is located at the most upstream side of the refrigerant flow (flow path), and the exit multi-hole pipe 57c is located at the most downstream side.
  • the heat exchange area of the inlet multi-hole pipe 56 is the same as that of the other multi-hole pipes 57 (the first intermediate multi-hole pipe 57a, the second intermediate multi-hole pipe 57b, and the outlet It is smaller than the heat exchange area of each of the multi-hole pipes 57c).
  • the heat exchange area of each multi-hole tube is the area of the heat exchange surface where heat exchange between the multi-hole tube and the battery 30 is performed.
  • FIG. 3A shows a cross section of the inlet multi-hole pipe 56
  • FIG. 3B shows the other multi-hole pipes 57 (each of the first intermediate multi-hole pipe 57a, second intermediate multi-hole pipe 57b, and outlet multi-hole pipe 57c) It shows a cross section of.
  • the inlet multi-hole tube 56 and the other multi-hole tubes 57 may be made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, for example, and may be manufactured using extrusion.
  • the width of the inlet multi-hole pipe 56 is W1, and for example, five refrigerant channels Ch are formed.
  • the width of the other multi-hole pipe 57 is W2, and for example, ten refrigerant channels Ch are formed therein.
  • the width W1 is shorter than the width W2, and the width W1 is, for example, about 1/2 of the width W2.
  • the width W1 of the inlet multi-hole pipe 56 is shorter than the width W2 of the other multi-hole pipes 57 (each of the first intermediate multi-hole pipe 57a, the second intermediate multi-hole pipe 57b, and the outlet multi-hole pipe 57c).
  • the heat exchange area per unit length of the inlet multi-hole pipe 56 (hereinafter, the heat exchange area per unit length is also referred to as unit heat exchange area) is larger than the unit heat exchange area of the other multi-hole pipes 57. small. Thereby, the heat exchange area of the inlet multihole pipe 56 is equal to the heat exchange area of the other multihole pipes 57 (each of the first intermediate multihole pipe 57a, the second intermediate multihole pipe 57b, and the outlet multihole pipe 57c). It has been made smaller.
  • the number of refrigerant channels Ch in the inlet multi-hole pipe 56 and the number of refrigerant channels Ch in the other multi-hole pipe 57 may be arbitrary.
  • the ratio between width W1 and width W2 may also be arbitrary, as long as width W1 is shorter than width W2.
  • FIG. 4 is a top view of the heat exchanger 60 in a comparative example.
  • Heat exchanger 60 includes an inlet header 61, a plurality of intermediate headers (intermediate header 62, intermediate header 63, and intermediate header 64), and an outlet header 65.
  • a multi-hole pipe 68 is connected between each header.
  • the width of the multi-hole pipe 68 is, for example, larger than W1 and smaller than W2, and nine refrigerant flow paths may be formed.
  • a part of the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant flow path of the upstream multi-hole pipe 68 connected to the inlet header 61 may be in a gaseous state.
  • the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 11 may remain in a high-temperature, high-pressure gas state upstream. This is because it flows into the multi-hole pipe 68 on the side.
  • a heat exchange surface in the gas region where the refrigerant is in a gaseous state is hotter than a heat exchange surface where the refrigerant is in a gas-liquid two-phase state. Therefore, in the battery 30 (single cell 31), the temperature of the part that exchanges heat with the heat exchange surface in the gas area becomes higher than other parts, and there is a possibility that the temperature distribution of the battery 30 becomes uneven. be. Note that the temperature of the heat exchange surface where the refrigerant is in a gas-liquid two-phase state is approximately constant.
  • the unit heat exchange area (upstream unit heat exchange area) of the inlet multihole pipe 56 which is the upstream multihole pipe connected to the inlet header 51, is different from that of the other multihole pipe 57 (the first It is made smaller than the unit heat exchange area of each of the intermediate multi-hole pipe 57a, the second intermediate multi-hole pipe 57b, and the outlet multi-hole pipe 57c.
  • the heat exchange area of the inlet multi-hole tube 56 is smaller than the heat exchange area of each of the other multi-hole tubes 57.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the state of the refrigerant gas region in the first embodiment.
  • the heat exchange area of the multi-hole inlet pipe 56 is smaller (than the heat exchange area of the multi-hole pipe 68 of the comparative example), the amount of heat released by the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant channel Ch of the multi-hole inlet pipe 56 becomes smaller. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, the range of the gas region is expanded in the inlet multi-hole pipe 56 (compared to the comparative example in FIG. 4). Since the temperature distribution of the inlet multi-hole pipe 56 is also relatively uniform (compared to the comparative example), it is also possible to prevent the temperature distribution of the battery 30 from becoming non-uniform.
  • the unit heat exchange area (upstream unit heat exchange area) of the inlet multihole pipe 56 is different from that of the other multihole pipes 57 (first intermediate multihole pipe 57a, second intermediate multihole pipe 57b, and It is smaller than the unit heat exchange area of the outlet multi-hole pipe 57c).
  • the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 11 passes through the inlet multi-hole pipe 56 and flows through the refrigerant flow path Ch of the first intermediate multi-hole pipe 57a while remaining in a high temperature and high pressure gas state.
  • the unit heat exchange area (upstream heat exchange area) of the first intermediate multi-hole pipe 57a, and the outlet multi-hole pipe 57c in addition to the unit heat exchange area of the inlet multi-hole pipe 56, the unit heat exchange area (upstream heat exchange area) of the first intermediate multi-hole pipe 57a, and the outlet multi-hole pipe 57c).
  • the second intermediate multi-hole pipe 57b and the outlet multi-hole pipe 57c correspond to "another multi-hole pipe" of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 shows an example in which a liquid region of the refrigerant occurs in a heat exchanger 60 of a comparative example.
  • the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 11 flows into the heat exchanger 60 in a gas-liquid two-phase state, depending on the amount of heat released from the heat exchanger 60 (the amount of heat exchanged with the battery 30), as shown in FIG.
  • a liquid region where the refrigerant is in a liquid state may occur in the downstream multi-hole pipe 68.
  • the temperature of the heat exchange surface of the liquid region becomes lower than the temperature of the heat exchange surface in a gas-liquid two-phase state. For this reason, there is a possibility that the temperature distribution of the battery 30 (single cell 31) becomes uneven upstream and downstream of the multi-hole pipe 68 where the liquid region is generated.
  • FIG. 7 is a top view of the heat exchanger 70 in the second embodiment.
  • the heat exchanger 70 includes an inlet header 71, a plurality of intermediate headers (intermediate header 72, intermediate header 73, and intermediate header 74), an outlet header 75, a plurality of multi-hole pipes (an exit multi-hole pipe 76, and Other multi-hole pipes 77 (inlet multi-hole pipe 77a, first intermediate multi-hole pipe 77b, and second intermediate multi-hole pipe 77c) among the plurality of multi-hole pipes.Each header and each multi-hole pipe.
  • the connections and the flow of refrigerant are the same as in Embodiment 1, so detailed explanation thereof will be omitted.
  • the unit heat exchange area of the outlet multihole pipe 76 is the same as that of the other multihole pipes 77 (inlet multihole pipe 77a, first intermediate multihole pipe 77b, and second intermediate multihole pipe It is made smaller than the unit heat exchange area of each of the hole pipes 77c).
  • the outlet multi-hole pipe 76 has the same configuration as the inlet multi-hole pipe 56 shown in FIG. 3A
  • the other multi-hole pipes 77 inlet multi-hole pipe 77a, first intermediate multi-hole pipe 77b, and second Each of the intermediate multi-hole tubes 77c
  • the unit heat exchange area (downstream unit heat exchange area) of the outlet multihole pipe 76 which is the downstream multihole pipe connected to the outlet header 75, is different from that of the other multihole pipe 77 (inlet It is made smaller than the unit heat exchange area of each of the multi-hole pipe 77a, the first intermediate multi-hole pipe 77b, and the second intermediate multi-hole pipe 77c. Therefore, the amount of heat transferred from the outlet multi-hole tube 76 to the battery 30 (single cell 31) is greater than when the heat exchange area of the outlet multi-hole tube 76 is equal to the heat exchange area of the other multi-hole tube 77. It becomes less.
  • the unit heat exchange area (lower side heat exchange area) of the second intermediate multi-hole pipe 77c is calculated from the unit heat exchange area of the other multi-hole pipes (inlet multi-hole pipe 77a and each of the first intermediate multi-hole pipe 77b). You can make it smaller.
  • the inlet multi-hole pipe 77a and the first intermediate multi-hole pipe 77b correspond to "another multi-hole pipe" of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 is a top view of heat exchanger 80 in the third embodiment.
  • the heat exchanger 80 includes an inlet header 81, a plurality of intermediate headers (intermediate header 82, intermediate header 83, and intermediate header 84), an outlet header 85, and a plurality of multi-hole pipes (inlet multi-hole pipe 86, outlet multi-hole pipe 86, and outlet multi-hole pipe 86). It includes the hole pipe 88 and other multi-hole pipes 87 (first intermediate multi-hole pipe 87a and second intermediate multi-hole pipe 87b) among the plurality of multi-hole pipes.Each header and each multi-hole pipe. The connections and the flow of refrigerant are the same as in Embodiment 1, so detailed explanation thereof will be omitted.
  • the unit heat exchange area of the inlet multi-hole pipe 86 and the outlet multi-hole pipe 88 is the same as that of the other multi-hole pipes 87 (first intermediate multi-hole pipe 87a and second intermediate multi-hole pipe 87a) among the plurality of multi-hole pipes. It is made smaller than the unit heat exchange area of each of the intermediate multi-hole pipes 87b.
  • the inlet multi-hole pipe 86 and the outlet multi-hole pipe 88 have the same configuration as the inlet multi-hole pipe 56 shown in FIG. 3A
  • the other multi-hole pipes 87 first intermediate multi-hole pipe 87a and Each of the second intermediate multi-hole tubes 87b
  • Both of the unit heat exchange area (downstream unit heat exchange area) of the outlet multihole pipe 88, which is the downstream multihole pipe, are the same as those of the other multihole pipes 87 (the first intermediate multihole pipe 87a and the second intermediate multihole pipe 87a). It is made smaller than the unit heat exchange area of each of the hole pipes 88b.
  • the amount of heat transferred from the inlet multi-hole pipe 86 to the battery 30 (single cell 31) and the amount of heat transferred from the outlet multi-hole pipe 88 to the battery 30 (single cell 31) are both the upstream unit heat.
  • Each of the exchange area and the downstream unit heat exchange area is smaller than the case where the unit heat exchange area of the other multi-hole pipe 87 is equal. Therefore, even if there is a gas region in the flow path of the refrigerant flowing through the inlet multi-hole pipe 86 and a liquid region in the flow path of the refrigerant flowing through the outlet multi-hole pipe 88, the temperature distribution of the battery 30 becomes uneven. can be suppressed.
  • the inlet multi-hole pipe 86 or the outlet multi-hole pipe In addition to the unit heat exchange area of the hole pipe 88, the unit heat exchange area of the first intermediate multi-hole pipe 87a or the second intermediate multi-hole pipe 87b may be made smaller.
  • FIG. 9 is a top view of the heat exchanger 90 in the fourth embodiment.
  • the heat exchanger 90 includes an inlet header 91, a plurality of intermediate headers (intermediate header 92, intermediate header 93, and intermediate header 94), an outlet header 95, a plurality of multi-hole pipes (inlet multi-hole pipe 96, and Other multi-hole pipes 97 (first intermediate multi-hole pipe 97a, second intermediate multi-hole pipe 97b, and outlet multi-hole pipe 97c) among the plurality of multi-hole pipes.Each header and each multi-hole pipe. The connections and the flow of refrigerant are the same as in Embodiment 1, so detailed explanation thereof will be omitted.
  • the structure of the inlet multihole pipe 96 and the other multihole pipes 97 (each of the first intermediate multihole pipe 97a, the second intermediate multihole pipe 97b, and the outlet multihole pipe 97c) is as follows. It may have the same structure as the multi-hole pipe 68 in the comparative example (FIG. 4), and its width may be, for example, larger than W1 and smaller than W2, and nine refrigerant channels may be formed.
  • the fourth embodiment is characterized by a heat conductive sheet that is in close contact with the heat exchange surface of the battery 30 and the heat exchange surface of the heat exchanger 90.
  • a heat conductive sheet 41 is provided between the inlet multi-hole tube 96 and the battery 30. Heat is generated between the battery 30 and other multi-hole pipes 97 (first intermediate multi-hole pipe 97a, second intermediate multi-hole pipe 97b, and outlet multi-hole pipe 97c) among the plurality of multi-hole pipes.
  • a conductive sheet 42 is provided. The thermal conductivity of the thermally conductive sheet 41 is made smaller than that of the thermally conductive sheet 42.
  • the thermal resistance between the battery 30 and the inlet multi-hole tube 96 is lower than that of the battery 30 and the other multi-hole tubes 97 (the first intermediate multi-hole tube 97a, the second intermediate multi-hole tube 97b, and the outlet multi-hole tube 97c). each) is greater than the thermal resistance between them.
  • the thermal resistance between the inlet multi-hole pipe 96, which is the upstream multi-hole pipe connected to the inlet header 91, and the battery 30 is different from that of the other multi-hole pipe 97 (the first intermediate multi-hole pipe).
  • the thermal resistance between the battery 30 and each of the pipe 97a, the second intermediate multi-hole pipe 97b, and the outlet multi-hole pipe 97c) is made larger than that between the battery 30 and the battery 30. Therefore, the amount of heat transferred from the inlet multi-hole pipe 96 to the battery 30 (single cell 31) is transferred to the other multi-hole pipes 97 (the first intermediate multi-hole pipe 97a, the second intermediate multi-hole pipe 97b, and the outlet multi-hole pipe 97b).
  • the amount of heat transferred from each of the tubes 97c) to the battery 30 is smaller than the amount of heat transferred from each tube 97c) to the battery 30. Therefore, as in the first embodiment, even if there is a gas region in the flow path of the refrigerant flowing through the inlet multi-hole pipe 96, it is possible to suppress the temperature distribution of the battery 30 from becoming non-uniform. Furthermore, as in Embodiment 1, the heat radiation amount of the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant flow path Ch of the inlet multi-hole pipe 96 is reduced, so that in the inlet multi-hole pipe 96, the gas region The range of will be expanded. Since the temperature distribution of the inlet multi-hole tube 96 is also relatively uniform (compared to the comparative example), it is also possible to prevent the temperature distribution of the battery 30 from becoming non-uniform.
  • the thermal conductivity of the thermally conductive sheet 41 is made smaller than that of the thermally conductive sheet 42, thereby reducing the thermal resistance between the battery 30 and the inlet multi-hole tube 96.
  • the thermal resistance was made larger than that between the multi-hole pipe 97 (each of the first intermediate multi-hole pipe 97a, the second intermediate multi-hole pipe 97b, and the outlet multi-hole pipe 97c).
  • the material of the inlet multi-hole pipe 96 and the other multi-hole pipes 97 may be made of different materials so that the thermal conductivity of the inlet multi-hole tube 96 is lower than that of the other multi-hole tubes 97.
  • the inlet multi-hole pipe 96 when the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 11 passes through the inlet multi-hole pipe 96 and flows through the refrigerant flow path of the first intermediate multi-hole pipe 97a while remaining in a high-temperature, high-pressure gas state, the inlet multi-hole
  • the thermal resistance between the first intermediate multi-hole tube 97a and the battery 30 is determined by the thermal resistance between the battery 30 and the other multi-hole tubes (the second intermediate multi-hole tube 97b, and the outlet multi-hole pipe 97c).
  • the second intermediate multi-hole pipe 97b and the outlet multi-hole pipe 97c correspond to "another multi-hole pipe" of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 is a top view of the heat exchanger 90 in the fifth embodiment.
  • the refrigeration cycle 10 and battery 30 are the same as those in the first embodiment.
  • the heat exchanger 90 is the same as that in Embodiment 4, but for convenience of explanation of Embodiment 5, the inlet multi-hole pipe 96 in Embodiment 4 will be described as inlet multi-hole pipe 97d, and the embodiment will be described as follows.
  • the outlet multi-hole pipe 97c in No. 4 will be described as an outlet multi-hole pipe 98.
  • the fifth embodiment is characterized by a heat conductive sheet that is in close contact with the heat exchange surface of the battery 30 and the heat exchange surface of the heat exchanger 90.
  • a heat conductive sheet 43 is provided between the outlet multi-hole pipe 98 and the battery 30. Heat is generated between the battery 30 and other multi-hole pipes 97 (first intermediate multi-hole pipe 97a, second intermediate multi-hole pipe 97b, and inlet multi-hole pipe 97d) among the plurality of multi-hole pipes.
  • a conductive sheet 44 is provided. The thermal conductivity of the thermally conductive sheet 43 is smaller than that of the thermally conductive sheet 44.
  • the thermal resistance between the battery 30 and the outlet multi-hole tube 98 is lower than that of the battery 30 and the other multi-hole tubes 97 (the first intermediate multi-hole tube 97a, the second intermediate multi-hole tube 97b, and the inlet multi-hole tube 97d). each) is greater than the thermal resistance between them.
  • the thermal resistance between the battery 30 and the outlet multi-hole pipe 98 which is the downstream multi-hole pipe connected to the outlet header 95, is different from that of the other multi-hole pipe 97 (the first intermediate multi-hole pipe).
  • the thermal resistance is greater than that between the battery 30 and each of the tube 97a, the second intermediate multihole tube 97b, and the inlet multihole tube 97d. Therefore, the amount of heat transferred from the outlet multi-hole pipe 98 to the battery 30 (single cell 31) is transferred to the other multi-hole pipes 97 (the first intermediate multi-hole pipe 97a, the second intermediate multi-hole pipe 97b, and the inlet multi-hole pipe).
  • the material of the outlet multihole pipe 98 and the material of the other multihole pipes 97 are made different, and the outlet The thermal conductivity of the multi-hole tube 98 may be lower than the thermal conductivity of the other multi-hole tubes 97.
  • the thermal resistance between the outlet multi-hole pipe 98 and the battery 30 is lower than that of each of the other multi-hole pipes 97 (the first intermediate multi-hole pipe 97a, the second intermediate multi-hole pipe 97b, and the inlet multi-hole pipe 97d). ) and the battery 30.
  • the thermal resistance between the second intermediate multi-hole pipe 97b and the battery 30 is determined by comparing the thermal resistance between the battery 30 and the other multi-hole pipes (the first intermediate multi-hole pipe 97a and the inlet multi-hole pipe 97d). It may be greater than the thermal resistance between the In this case, the first intermediate multi-hole pipe 97a and the inlet multi-hole pipe 97d correspond to "another multi-hole pipe" of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 11 is a top view of the heat exchanger 90 in the sixth embodiment. Note that in the sixth embodiment, the refrigeration cycle 10 and battery 30 are the same as those in the first embodiment. Heat exchanger 90 is the same as that in Embodiment 4, but for convenience of explanation of Embodiment 6, outlet multi-hole pipe 97c in Embodiment 4 will be described as outlet multi-hole pipe 98.
  • the sixth embodiment is characterized by a heat conductive sheet that is in close contact with the heat exchange surface of the battery 30 and the heat exchange surface of the heat exchanger 90.
  • a heat conductive sheet 45 is provided between the inlet multi-hole tube 96 and the battery 30.
  • a heat conductive sheet 45 is also provided between the outlet multi-hole pipe 98 and the battery 30.
  • a thermally conductive sheet 46 is provided between the battery 30 and other multi-hole pipes 97 (each of the first intermediate multi-hole pipe 97a and the second intermediate multi-hole pipe 97b) among the plurality of multi-hole pipes. .
  • the thermal conductivity of the thermally conductive sheet 45 is made smaller than that of the thermally conductive sheet 46.
  • both the thermal resistance between the battery 30 and the inlet multi-hole tube 96 and the thermal resistance between the battery 30 and the outlet multi-hole tube 98 are reduced between the battery 30 and the other multi-hole tube 97 (first The thermal resistance between the intermediate multi-hole pipe 97a and each of the second intermediate multi-hole pipe 97b is made larger than that between the intermediate multi-hole pipe 97a and the second intermediate multi-hole pipe 97b.
  • the thermal resistance between the inlet multi-hole pipe 96 which is the upstream multi-hole pipe connected to the inlet header 91 and the battery 30, and the thermal resistance between the battery 30 and the downstream multi-hole pipe connected to the outlet header 95 are determined.
  • the thermal resistance between the outlet multi-hole pipe 98, which is a hole pipe, and the battery 30 is the same as that of the other multi-hole pipe 97 (each of the first intermediate multi-hole pipe 97a and the second intermediate multi-hole pipe 97b) and the battery.
  • the thermal resistance is greater than 30.
  • both the amount of heat transferred from the inlet multi-hole tube 96 to the battery 30 and the amount of heat transferred from the outlet multi-hole tube 98 to the battery 30 are transferred to the other multi-hole tube 97 (the first intermediate multi-hole tube 97a). , and the second intermediate multi-hole tube 97b). Therefore, even if there is a gas region in the flow path of the refrigerant flowing through the inlet multi-hole pipe 96 and a liquid region in the flow path of the refrigerant flowing through the outlet multi-hole pipe 98, the battery 30 It is possible to prevent the temperature distribution from becoming non-uniform.
  • the materials of the inlet multi-hole pipe 96 and the outlet multi-hole pipe 98 are made different from the materials of the other multi-hole pipes 97 (each of the first intermediate multi-hole pipe 97a and the second intermediate multi-hole pipe 97b),
  • the thermal conductivity of the inlet multi-hole tube 96 and the outlet multi-hole tube 98 may be lower than the thermal conductivity of the other multi-hole tube 97.
  • both the thermal resistance between the inlet multi-hole pipe 96 and the battery and the thermal resistance between the outlet multi-hole pipe 98 and the battery 30 are lower than that of the other multi-hole pipe 97 (the first intermediate multi-hole pipe). 97a and the second intermediate multi-hole tube 97b) and the battery 30.
  • the inlet multi-hole pipe 96 or the outlet multi-hole pipe 96 or the outlet multi-hole pipe 96 or the outlet multi-hole pipe 96 or the thermal resistance between the multi-hole tube 98 and the battery 30 may be increased.
  • the number of intermediate headers may be two, or may be four or more.
  • the heat exchanger may be placed on the side or top of the battery 30.
  • a battery warm-up system (1) that warms up a battery (30) using condensed heat in a refrigeration cycle (10), the warm-up system being a heat exchanger that exchanges heat with the battery (30).
  • the heat exchanger (50, etc.) includes an inlet header (51, etc.) into which the refrigerant of the refrigeration cycle (10) flows, an outlet header (55, etc.) through which the refrigerant flows out, and a heat exchanger (50, etc.).
  • a plurality of intermediate headers (52, 53, etc.) disposed between an inlet header (51, etc.) and an outlet header (55, etc.) in the channel, and a plurality of multi-hole pipes; 53, etc.) are configured to reverse the flow direction of the refrigerant, and the plurality of multi-hole tubes are connected to the inlet header (51) and the first of the plurality of intermediate headers (52, 53, etc.).
  • An inlet multi-hole pipe (56, etc.) connected to the intermediate header (52), which allows the refrigerant flowing into the inlet header (51) to flow and exchanges heat with the battery (30), and a plurality of intermediate headers (52, 53).
  • intermediate multi-hole pipes (57a, 57b, etc.) that are disposed between two intermediate headers among the intermediate headers (57a, 57b, etc.) for circulating refrigerant and exchanging heat with the battery (30), and a plurality of intermediate headers (52, 53, etc.).
  • a second intermediate header (54) that is not connected to the inlet multi-hole pipe (56, etc.) and an outlet multi-hole that is connected to the outlet header (55, etc.) to circulate the refrigerant and exchange heat with the battery (30).
  • the unit heat exchange area of a multi-hole pipe with a refrigerant gas region, or the unit heat exchange area of a multi-hole pipe with a refrigerant liquid region, is when the refrigerant is in a gas-liquid two-phase state.
  • the area of the battery warm-up system is smaller than the unit heat exchange area of the multi-hole tube.
  • the heat exchanger (50, etc.) has an inlet header (91) into which the refrigerant of the refrigeration cycle (10) flows, an outlet header (95) through which the refrigerant flows out, and an outlet header (95) in which the refrigerant flows.
  • the plurality of intermediate headers (92, 93, etc.) include a plurality of intermediate headers (92, 93, etc.) disposed between the inlet header (91) and the outlet header (95) in the flow path, and a plurality of multi-hole pipes.
  • the plurality of multi-hole tubes are configured to reverse the flow direction of the refrigerant, and the plurality of multi-hole tubes are arranged between the inlet header (91) and a first intermediate header (92, 93, etc.) of the plurality of intermediate headers (92, 93, etc.).

Abstract

In a heat exchanger (50) for warming up a battery by using condensation heat from a refrigerant in a refrigerating cycle, an inlet porous pipe (56) disposed on the upstream side has a heat exchanging area smaller than the respective heat exchanging areas of other porous pipes (57). Even when a gas region is generated in a flow path for the refrigerant flowing through the inlet porous pipe (56) and the temperature of the inlet porous pipe (56) becomes higher than the temperatures of the other porous pipes (57), the amount of heat dissipation of the inlet porous pipe (56) is small. Thus, it is possible to suppress the temperature distribution of the battery from becoming uneven.

Description

バッテリの暖機システムBattery warming system
　本開示は、バッテリの暖機システムに関し、特に、冷凍サイクルを用いてバッテリを昇温する暖機システムに関する。 The present disclosure relates to a warm-up system for a battery, and particularly to a warm-up system that uses a refrigeration cycle to raise the temperature of a battery.
　電気自動車（ＢＥＶ：Battery　Electric　Vehicle）またはハイブリッド車（ＨＥＶ：Hybrid　Electric　Vehicle）などの電動車両に搭載されたバッテリの温度調整を行うため、冷凍サイクルを用いることが知られている。たとえば、特開２０１３－６００６６号公報（特許文献１）は、バッテリの温度が所定温度以下のときに自動車用温調装置が冷凍サイクルの凝縮熱（放熱）を用いてバッテリを暖機することを開示する。 It is known that a refrigeration cycle is used to adjust the temperature of a battery installed in an electric vehicle such as a battery electric vehicle (BEV) or a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2013-60066 (Patent Document 1) discloses that when the temperature of the battery is below a predetermined temperature, an automotive temperature control device warms up the battery using condensation heat (heat radiation) of the refrigeration cycle. Disclose.
特開２０１３－６００６６号公報Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2013-60066
　冷凍サイクルを用いてバッテリの暖機を行うには、バッテリの熱交換面と熱的に接続する熱交換器内を流通する冷媒の凝縮熱（放熱）によって、バッテリの昇温を行う。熱交換器は、冷凍サイクルにおける凝縮器に相当する。熱交換器は、熱交換器内を流通する冷媒が凝縮する際に発生する凝縮熱（放熱）を、熱交換器の熱交換面からバッテリの熱交換面に伝導する。これにより、バッテリが昇温される。 To warm up the battery using the refrigeration cycle, the temperature of the battery is raised by the heat of condensation (radiation) of the refrigerant flowing in the heat exchanger that is thermally connected to the heat exchange surface of the battery. A heat exchanger corresponds to a condenser in a refrigeration cycle. The heat exchanger conducts condensation heat (radiation) generated when a refrigerant flowing through the heat exchanger condenses from a heat exchange surface of the heat exchanger to a heat exchange surface of the battery. This raises the temperature of the battery.
　熱交換器を流通する冷媒が、熱交換器内のすべての流路において気液二相状態であれば、熱交換器の熱交換面の温度は、ほぼ一定である。しかし、冷凍サイクルの圧縮機から熱交換器（凝縮器）までの流路長、周囲温度、流路または熱交換器からの放熱量等によって、熱交換器内の流路において、冷媒が気体状態であるガス領域、あるいは、冷媒が液体状態である液領域が発生することがある。熱交換器において、ガス領域にある熱交換面は、気液二相状態にある熱交換面より高温であり、液領域にある熱交換面は、気液二相状態にある熱交換面より低温である。 If the refrigerant flowing through the heat exchanger is in a gas-liquid two-phase state in all channels within the heat exchanger, the temperature of the heat exchange surface of the heat exchanger is approximately constant. However, depending on the length of the flow path from the compressor to the heat exchanger (condenser) in the refrigeration cycle, the ambient temperature, the amount of heat released from the flow path or the heat exchanger, etc., the refrigerant may be in a gaseous state in the flow path within the heat exchanger. A gas region where the refrigerant is in a liquid state or a liquid region where the refrigerant is in a liquid state may occur. In a heat exchanger, the heat exchange surface in the gas region is higher in temperature than the heat exchange surface in the gas-liquid two-phase state, and the heat exchange surface in the liquid region is lower in temperature than the heat exchange surface in the gas-liquid two-phase state. It is.
　熱交換器の熱交換面の温度差は、暖機された（昇温された）バッテリの温度分布の不均一性を招くおそれがある。 The temperature difference between the heat exchange surfaces of the heat exchanger may lead to non-uniformity in the temperature distribution of the warmed up (heated up) battery.
　本開示の目的は、冷凍サイクルを用いてバッテリを昇温する暖機システムにおいて、バッテリの温度分布が不均一になることを抑制することである。 An object of the present disclosure is to suppress uneven temperature distribution of a battery in a warm-up system that raises the temperature of a battery using a refrigeration cycle.
　本開示のバッテリの暖機システムは、冷凍サイクルにおける凝縮熱を用いてバッテリを暖機する。暖機システムは、バッテリと熱交換を行う熱交換器を備える。熱交換器は、入口ヘッダと、出口ヘッダと、複数の中間ヘッダと、複数の多穴管とを含む。入口ヘッダには、冷凍サイクルの冷媒が流入する。出口ヘッダからは、冷媒が流出する。複数の中間ヘッダは、冷媒の流路において入口ヘッダと出口ヘッダとの間に配置される。複数の中間ヘッダの各々は、冷媒の流れ方向を反転するように構成されている。複数の多穴管は、入口多穴管と、中間多穴管と、出口多穴管とを含む。入口多穴管は、入口ヘッダと、複数の中間ヘッダのうちの第１中間ヘッダとに接続され、入口ヘッダに流入する冷媒を流通させるとともにバッテリと熱交換を行う。中間多穴管は、複数の中間ヘッダのうち２つの中間ヘッダの間に配置され、冷媒を流通させるとともにバッテリと熱交換を行う。出口多穴管は、複数の中間ヘッダのうち入口多穴管に接続されない第２中間ヘッダと、出口ヘッダとに接続され、冷媒を流通させるとともにバッテリと熱交換を行う。複数の多穴管の各々に対して、当該多穴管の単位長さ当たりの熱交換面積を単位熱交換面積としたとき、入口多穴管を含む少なくとも１つの上流側の多穴管の各々の単位熱交換面積である上流側単位熱交換面積、あるいは、出口多穴管を含む少なくとも１つの下流側の多穴管の各々の単位熱交換面積である下流側熱単位交換面積の少なくとも一方が、複数の多穴管のうちの他の多穴管の単位熱交換面積より小さい。 The battery warm-up system of the present disclosure warms up the battery using condensation heat in the refrigeration cycle. The warm-up system includes a heat exchanger that exchanges heat with the battery. The heat exchanger includes an inlet header, an outlet header, a plurality of intermediate headers, and a plurality of perforated tubes. The refrigerant of the refrigeration cycle flows into the inlet header. Refrigerant flows out from the outlet header. A plurality of intermediate headers are disposed between the inlet header and the outlet header in the refrigerant flow path. Each of the plurality of intermediate headers is configured to reverse the flow direction of the refrigerant. The plurality of multi-hole tubes include an inlet multi-hole tube, an intermediate multi-hole tube, and an outlet multi-hole tube. The inlet multi-hole pipe is connected to the inlet header and a first intermediate header of the plurality of intermediate headers, allows the refrigerant flowing into the inlet header to flow therethrough, and exchanges heat with the battery. The intermediate multi-hole pipe is disposed between two intermediate headers among the plurality of intermediate headers, allows the refrigerant to flow, and exchanges heat with the battery. The outlet multi-hole pipe is connected to a second intermediate header that is not connected to the inlet multi-hole pipe among the plurality of intermediate headers and to the outlet header, and allows the refrigerant to flow therethrough and exchanges heat with the battery. For each of the plurality of multihole pipes, when the heat exchange area per unit length of the multihole pipe is defined as the unit heat exchange area, each of at least one upstream multihole pipe including the inlet multihole pipe. At least one of the upstream unit heat exchange area which is the unit heat exchange area of , or the downstream unit heat exchange area which is the unit heat exchange area of each of at least one downstream multi-hole pipe including the outlet multi-hole pipe is , smaller than the unit heat exchange area of other multi-hole pipes among the plurality of multi-hole pipes.
　この構成によれば、バッテリの暖機システムは、バッテリと熱交換を行う熱交換器を備える。熱交換器は、冷凍サイクルの冷媒が流入する入口ヘッダと、冷媒が流出する出口ヘッダと、冷媒の流路において、入口ヘッダと出口ヘッダとの間に配置されるとともに冷媒の流れ方向を反転させるための複数の中間ヘッダとを含む。入口多穴管は、入口ヘッダと第１中間ヘッダとに接続され、入口ヘッダに流入した冷媒を流通させるとともにバッテリと熱交換を行う。中間多穴管は、複数の中間ヘッダのうち２つの中間ヘッダの間に配置され、冷媒を流通させるとともにバッテリと熱交換を行う。出口多穴管は、中間ヘッダと出口ヘッダとに接続され、冷媒を流通させるとともにバッテリと熱交換を行う。 According to this configuration, the battery warm-up system includes a heat exchanger that exchanges heat with the battery. The heat exchanger is disposed between an inlet header into which the refrigerant of the refrigeration cycle flows, an outlet header through which the refrigerant flows out, and between the inlet header and the outlet header in the refrigerant flow path, and reverses the flow direction of the refrigerant. and multiple intermediate headers for. The inlet multi-hole pipe is connected to the inlet header and the first intermediate header, allows the refrigerant that has flowed into the inlet header to flow therethrough, and exchanges heat with the battery. The intermediate multi-hole pipe is disposed between two intermediate headers among the plurality of intermediate headers, allows the refrigerant to flow, and exchanges heat with the battery. The outlet multi-hole pipe is connected to the intermediate header and the outlet header, allows the refrigerant to flow therethrough, and exchanges heat with the battery.
　入口ヘッダに流入した冷媒は、入口多穴管を流れ第１中間ヘッダに流入し、その流れ方向を反転して中間多穴管を流れる。中間多穴管を流れた冷媒は、出口多穴管を流れ出口ヘッダに流入し、熱交換器から流出する。入口多穴管、中間多穴管、および、出口多穴管を流れる冷媒とバッテリとの間で熱交換を行うことで、バッテリを暖機（昇温）する。冷媒の流れ方向において、入口多穴管が上流側であり、出口多穴管が下流側である。 The refrigerant that has entered the inlet header flows through the inlet multi-hole pipe, flows into the first intermediate header, reverses its flow direction, and flows through the intermediate multi-hole pipe. The refrigerant that has flowed through the intermediate multi-hole tube flows through the outlet multi-hole tube, enters the outlet header, and exits from the heat exchanger. The battery is warmed up (temperature raised) by performing heat exchange between the refrigerant flowing through the inlet multi-hole pipe, the intermediate multi-hole pipe, and the outlet multi-hole pipe and the battery. In the flow direction of the refrigerant, the inlet multi-hole pipe is on the upstream side, and the outlet multi-hole pipe is on the downstream side.
　複数の多穴管の各々に対して、当該多穴管の単位長さ当たりの熱交換面積を単位熱交換面積としたとき、入口多穴管を含む少なくとも１つの上流側の多穴管の各々の単位熱交換面積である上流側単位熱交換面積、あるいは、出口多穴管を含む少なくとも１つの下流側の多穴管の各々の単位熱交換面積である下流側単位熱交換面積の少なくとも一方が、複数の多穴管のうち他の多穴管の単位熱交換面積より小さい。 For each of the plurality of multihole pipes, when the heat exchange area per unit length of the multihole pipe is defined as the unit heat exchange area, each of at least one upstream multihole pipe including the inlet multihole pipe. At least one of the upstream unit heat exchange area which is the unit heat exchange area of , or the downstream unit heat exchange area which is the unit heat exchange area of each of the at least one downstream multi-hole pipe including the outlet multi-hole pipe is , is smaller than the unit heat exchange area of other multi-hole pipes among the plurality of multi-hole pipes.
　冷媒流路の上流側を流れる冷媒が高温である場合、入口多穴管を含む少なくとも１つの上流側の多穴管を流れる冷媒の流路においてガス領域があることがある。そのような場合であっても、ガス領域がある少なくとも１つの上流側の多穴管の各々の熱交換面積とバッテリとが熱交換を行う面積である上流側単位熱交換面積が、複数の多穴管のうち他の多穴管の単位熱交換面積（上流側以外の中間多穴管の単位熱交換面積、および、出口多穴管の単位熱交換面積）より小さくされている。これにより、上流側の多穴管を流れる冷媒からバッテリへ伝達される熱量を相対的に小さくすることができる。その結果、バッテリの温度分布が不均一になることを抑制できる。 When the refrigerant flowing upstream of the refrigerant flow path is at a high temperature, there may be a gas region in the refrigerant flow path flowing through at least one upstream multi-hole pipe including the inlet multi-hole pipe. Even in such a case, the upstream unit heat exchange area, which is the area where the battery exchanges heat with the heat exchange area of each of the at least one upstream multi-hole pipe containing the gas region, is It is made smaller than the unit heat exchange area of the other multi-hole pipes (the unit heat exchange area of the intermediate multi-hole pipe other than the upstream side and the unit heat exchange area of the exit multi-hole pipe). Thereby, the amount of heat transferred from the refrigerant flowing through the upstream multi-hole pipe to the battery can be relatively reduced. As a result, it is possible to suppress the temperature distribution of the battery from becoming non-uniform.
　出口多穴管を含む少なくとも１つの下流側の多穴管において、その上流側部分と下流側部分とで温度差が大きい場合、出口多穴管を含む少なくとも１つの下流側の多穴管を流れる冷媒が、当該少なくとも１つの下流側の多穴管の途中で液化して液領域が発生することがある。そのような場合であっても、液領域がある下流側の多穴管とバッテリとが熱交換を行う面積である下流側単位熱交換面積が、複数の多穴管のうち他の多穴管の単位熱交換面積（下流側以外の中間多穴管の単位熱交換面積、および、入口多穴管の単位熱交換面積）より小さくされている。これにより、下流側の多穴管を流れる冷媒からバッテリへ伝達される熱量を相対的に小さくすることができる。その結果、バッテリの温度分布が不均一になることを抑制できる。 If there is a large temperature difference between the upstream portion and the downstream portion of at least one downstream multi-hole pipe including the outlet multi-hole pipe, the flow through the at least one downstream multi-hole pipe including the outlet multi-hole pipe The refrigerant may liquefy in the middle of the at least one downstream multi-hole pipe, creating a liquid region. Even in such a case, the downstream unit heat exchange area, which is the area where the battery exchanges heat with the downstream multi-hole pipe where the liquid area is located, is unit heat exchange area (unit heat exchange area of the intermediate multi-hole pipe other than the downstream side and unit heat exchange area of the inlet multi-hole pipe). Thereby, the amount of heat transferred from the refrigerant flowing through the multi-hole pipe on the downstream side to the battery can be relatively reduced. As a result, it is possible to suppress the temperature distribution of the battery from becoming non-uniform.
　入口多穴管を含む少なくとも１つの上流側の多穴管を流れる冷媒が高温であり、かつ、出口多穴管を含む少なくとも１つの下流側の多穴管においてその上流側部分と下流側部分とで温度差が大きいことがある。そのような場合であっても、高温である上流側の多穴管とバッテリとが熱交換を行う面積である上流側単位熱交換面積と、温度差の大きな下流側の多穴管とバッテリとが熱交換を行う面積である下流側単位熱交換面積とが、複数の多穴管のうち他の多穴管の単位熱交換面積（上流側の多穴管および下流側の多穴管のいずれにも含まれない中間多穴管の単位熱交換面積）より小さくされている。これにより、上流側の多穴管を流れる冷媒からバッテリへ伝達される熱量を相対的に小さくすることができ、かつ、下流側の多穴管を流れる冷媒からバッテリへ伝達される熱量を相対的に小さくすることができる。その結果、バッテリの温度分布が不均一になることを抑制できる。 The refrigerant flowing through the at least one upstream multi-hole pipe including the inlet multi-hole pipe is at a high temperature, and the upstream portion and the downstream portion of the at least one downstream multi-hole pipe including the outlet multi-hole pipe are at a high temperature. There may be large temperature differences. Even in such a case, the unit heat exchange area on the upstream side, which is the area where the upstream multi-hole pipe and the battery exchange heat, and the downstream multi-hole pipe and battery, where there is a large temperature difference. The unit heat exchange area on the downstream side, which is the area where (not included in the unit heat exchange area of the intermediate multi-hole pipe). As a result, the amount of heat transferred from the refrigerant flowing through the upstream multi-hole pipe to the battery can be relatively reduced, and the amount of heat transferred from the refrigerant flowing through the downstream multi-hole pipe to the battery can be relatively reduced. can be made smaller. As a result, it is possible to suppress the temperature distribution of the battery from becoming non-uniform.
　本開示のバッテリの暖機システムは、冷凍サイクルにおける凝縮熱を用いてバッテリを暖機する。暖機システムは、バッテリと熱交換を行う熱交換器を備える。この熱交換器は、入口ヘッダと、出口ヘッダと、複数の中間ヘッダと、複数の多穴管とを含む。入口ヘッダには、冷凍サイクルの冷媒が流入する。出口ヘッダからは、冷媒が流出する。複数の中間ヘッダは、冷媒の流路において、入口ヘッダと出口ヘッダとの間に配置されている。複数の中間ヘッダの各々は、冷媒の流れ方向を反転するように構成されている。複数の多穴管は、入口多穴管と、中間多穴管と、出口多穴管とを含む。入口多穴管は、入口ヘッダと、複数の中間ヘッダのうち第１中間ヘッダに接続され、入口ヘッダに流入する冷媒を流通させるとともにバッテリと熱交換を行う。中間多穴管は、複数の中間ヘッダのうち２つの中間ヘッダの間に配置され、冷媒を流通させるとともにバッテリと熱交換を行う。出口多穴管は、複数の中間ヘッダのうち入口多穴管に接続されない第２中間ヘッダと、出口ヘッダとに接続され、冷媒を流通させるとともにバッテリと熱交換を行う。複数の多穴管のうち、入口多穴管を含む少なくとも１つの上流側の多穴管とバッテリとの間の熱抵抗、あるいは、出口多穴管を含む少なくとも１つの下流側の多穴管の各々とバッテリとの間の熱抵抗の少なくとも一方が、複数の多穴管のうち他の多穴管とバッテリとの間の熱抵抗より大きい。 The battery warm-up system of the present disclosure warms up the battery using condensation heat in the refrigeration cycle. The warm-up system includes a heat exchanger that exchanges heat with the battery. The heat exchanger includes an inlet header, an outlet header, a plurality of intermediate headers, and a plurality of perforated tubes. The refrigerant of the refrigeration cycle flows into the inlet header. Refrigerant flows out from the outlet header. The plurality of intermediate headers are arranged between the inlet header and the outlet header in the refrigerant flow path. Each of the plurality of intermediate headers is configured to reverse the flow direction of the refrigerant. The plurality of multi-hole tubes include an inlet multi-hole tube, an intermediate multi-hole tube, and an outlet multi-hole tube. The inlet multi-hole pipe is connected to the inlet header and the first intermediate header among the plurality of intermediate headers, allows the refrigerant flowing into the inlet header to flow therethrough, and exchanges heat with the battery. The intermediate multi-hole pipe is disposed between two intermediate headers among the plurality of intermediate headers, allows the refrigerant to flow, and exchanges heat with the battery. The outlet multi-hole pipe is connected to a second intermediate header that is not connected to the inlet multi-hole pipe among the plurality of intermediate headers and to the outlet header, and allows the refrigerant to flow therethrough and exchanges heat with the battery. Thermal resistance between the battery and at least one upstream multi-hole pipe including the inlet multi-hole pipe among the plurality of multi-hole pipes, or the thermal resistance of at least one downstream multi-hole pipe including the outlet multi-hole pipe. At least one of the thermal resistances between each of the plurality of multihole tubes and the battery is larger than the thermal resistance between the battery and other multihole tubes among the plurality of multihole tubes.
　この構成によれば、入口ヘッダに流入した冷媒は、入口多穴管を流れ第１中間ヘッダに流入し、その流れ方向を反転して中間多穴管を流れる。中間多穴管を流れた冷媒は、出口多穴管を流れ出口ヘッダに流入し、熱交換器から流出する。入口多穴管、中間多穴管、および、出口多穴管を流れる冷媒とバッテリとの間で熱交換を行うことで、バッテリを暖機（昇温）する。冷媒の流れ方向において、入口多穴管が上流側であり、出口多穴管が下流側である。 According to this configuration, the refrigerant that has flowed into the inlet header flows through the inlet multi-hole pipe, flows into the first intermediate header, reverses its flow direction, and flows through the intermediate multi-hole pipe. The refrigerant that has flowed through the intermediate multi-hole tube flows through the outlet multi-hole tube, enters the outlet header, and exits from the heat exchanger. The battery is warmed up (temperature raised) by performing heat exchange between the refrigerant flowing through the inlet multi-hole pipe, the intermediate multi-hole pipe, and the outlet multi-hole pipe and the battery. In the flow direction of the refrigerant, the inlet multi-hole pipe is on the upstream side, and the outlet multi-hole pipe is on the downstream side.
　複数の多穴管のうち、入口多穴管を含む少なくとも１つの上流側の多穴管の各々とバッテリとの間の熱抵抗、あるいは、出口多穴管を含む少なくとも１つの下流側の多穴管の各々とバッテリとの間の熱抵抗の少なくとも一方が、複数の多穴管のうちの他の多穴管とバッテリとの間の熱抵抗より大きい。 Thermal resistance between each of the at least one upstream multi-hole pipe, including the inlet multi-hole pipe, and the battery, or at least one downstream multi-hole pipe, including the outlet multi-hole pipe, of the plurality of multi-hole pipes. At least one of the thermal resistances between each of the tubes and the battery is greater than the thermal resistance between other of the plurality of tubes and the battery.
　冷媒流路の上流側を流れる冷媒が高温である場合、入口多穴管を含む少なくとも１つの上流側の多穴管を流れる冷媒がガス化（気化）されてガス領域が発生することがある。そのような場合であっても、ガス領域がある少なくとも１つの上流側の多穴管の各々とバッテリとの間の熱抵抗が、複数の多穴管のうちの他の多穴管（上流側以外の中間多穴管および出口多穴管）とバッテリとの間の熱抵抗より大きくされている。これにより、上流側の多穴管を流れる冷媒からバッテリへ伝達される熱量を相対的に小さくすることができる。その結果、バッテリの温度分布が不均一になることを抑制できる。 When the refrigerant flowing upstream of the refrigerant flow path has a high temperature, the refrigerant flowing through at least one upstream multi-hole pipe including the inlet multi-hole pipe may be gasified (vaporized) to generate a gas region. Even in such a case, the thermal resistance between each of the at least one upstream multi-hole tube with a gas region and the battery is such that the thermal resistance between the battery and each of the at least one upstream multi-hole tube with gas region The thermal resistance between the battery and the intermediate multi-hole pipe (other than the intermediate multi-hole pipe and the outlet multi-hole pipe) is made larger. Thereby, the amount of heat transferred from the refrigerant flowing through the upstream multi-hole pipe to the battery can be relatively reduced. As a result, it is possible to suppress the temperature distribution of the battery from becoming non-uniform.
　出口多穴管を含む少なくとも１つの下流側の多穴管において、その上流側部分と下流側部分とで温度差が大きい場合、出口多穴管を含む少なくとも１つの下流側の多穴管を流れる冷媒が、当該少なくとも１つの下流側の多穴管の途中で液化して液領域が発生することがある。そのような場合であっても、液領域がある下流側の多穴管とバッテリとの間の熱抵抗が、複数の多穴管のうち他の多穴管（下流側以外の中間多穴管および入口多穴管）とバッテリとの間の熱抵抗より大きくされている。これにより、下流側の多穴管を流れる冷媒からバッテリへ伝達される熱量を相対的に小さくすることができる。その結果、バッテリの温度分布が不均一になることを抑制できる。 If there is a large temperature difference between the upstream portion and the downstream portion of at least one downstream multi-hole pipe including the outlet multi-hole pipe, the flow through the at least one downstream multi-hole pipe including the outlet multi-hole pipe The refrigerant may liquefy in the middle of the at least one downstream multi-hole pipe, creating a liquid region. Even in such a case, the thermal resistance between the battery and the multi-hole pipe on the downstream side where the liquid area is and the thermal resistance between the inlet multi-hole tube) and the battery is greater. Thereby, the amount of heat transferred from the refrigerant flowing through the multi-hole pipe on the downstream side to the battery can be relatively reduced. As a result, it is possible to suppress the temperature distribution of the battery from becoming non-uniform.
　入口多穴管を含む少なくとも１つの上流側の多穴管を流れる冷媒が高温であり、かつ、出口多穴管を含む少なくとも１つの下流側の多穴管においてその上流側部分と下流側部分とで温度差が大きいことがある。そのような場合であっても、入口多穴管を含む少なくとも１つの上流側の多穴管の各々とバッテリとの間の熱抵抗と、出口多穴管を含む少なくとも１つの下流側の多穴管の各々とバッテリとの間の熱抵抗が、複数の多穴管のうちの他の他穴管（上流側の多穴管および下流側の多穴管のいずれにも含まれない中間他穴管）とバッテリとの間の熱抵抗より大きくされている。これにより、上流側の多穴管を流れる冷媒からバッテリへ伝達される熱量を相対的に小さくすることができ、かつ、下流側の多穴管を流れる冷媒からバッテリへ伝達される熱量を相対的に小さくすることができる。その結果、バッテリの温度分布が不均一になることを抑制できる。 The refrigerant flowing through the at least one upstream multi-hole pipe including the inlet multi-hole pipe is at a high temperature, and the upstream portion and the downstream portion of the at least one downstream multi-hole pipe including the outlet multi-hole pipe are at a high temperature. There may be large temperature differences. Even in such a case, the thermal resistance between each of the at least one upstream multi-hole tube, including the inlet multi-hole tube, and the battery, and the at least one downstream multi-hole tube, including the outlet multi-hole tube. The thermal resistance between each of the tubes and the battery is different from that of the other tubes among the plurality of tubes (the intermediate hole not included in either the upstream tube or the downstream tube). (tube) and the battery. As a result, the amount of heat transferred from the refrigerant flowing through the upstream multi-hole pipe to the battery can be relatively reduced, and the amount of heat transferred from the refrigerant flowing through the downstream multi-hole pipe to the battery can be relatively reduced. can be made smaller. As a result, it is possible to suppress the temperature distribution of the battery from becoming non-uniform.
　好ましくは、暖機システムは、バッテリと熱交換器との間に設けられた熱伝導シートをさらに備える。入口多穴管を含む少なくとも１つの上流側の多穴管の各々とバッテリとの間、あるいは、出口多穴管を含む少なくとも１つの下流側の多穴管の各々とバッテリとの間の熱伝導シートの熱伝導率が、複数の多穴管のうちの他の多穴管とバッテリとの間の熱伝導シートの熱伝導率よりも小さい。 Preferably, the warm-up system further includes a heat conductive sheet provided between the battery and the heat exchanger. heat conduction between each of the at least one upstream multi-hole tube including the inlet multi-hole tube and the battery or between each of the at least one downstream multi-hole tube including the outlet multi-hole tube and the battery; The thermal conductivity of the sheet is smaller than the thermal conductivity of the heat conductive sheet between the battery and other multi-hole tubes among the plurality of multi-hole tubes.
　この構成によれば、入口多穴管を含む少なくとも１つの上流側の多穴管とバッテリとの間、あるいは、出口多穴管を含む少なくとも１つの下流側の多穴管とバッテリとの間の熱伝導シートの熱伝導率は、複数の多穴管のうちの他の多穴管とバッテリとの間の熱伝導シートの熱伝導率よりも小さい。これにより、入口多穴管を含む少なくとも１つの上流側の多穴管とバッテリとの間の熱抵抗、あるいは、出口多穴管を含む少なくとも１つの下流側の多穴管とバッテリとの間の熱抵抗を、複数の多穴管のうちの他の多穴管とバッテリとの間の熱抵抗より大きくすることができる。 According to this configuration, there is a gap between at least one upstream multi-hole pipe including the inlet multi-hole pipe and the battery, or between at least one downstream multi-hole pipe including the outlet multi-hole pipe and the battery. The thermal conductivity of the thermal conductive sheet is smaller than the thermal conductivity of the thermal conductive sheet between the battery and other multi-hole tubes among the plurality of multi-hole tubes. This reduces the thermal resistance between the battery and at least one upstream multi-hole pipe, including the inlet multi-hole pipe, or between the battery and at least one downstream multi-hole pipe, including the outlet multi-hole pipe. The thermal resistance can be made larger than the thermal resistance between the battery and other multi-hole tubes among the plurality of multi-hole tubes.
　好ましくは、上記他の多穴管を流通する冷媒は、気液二相状態である。
　多穴管を流れる冷媒が気液二相状態であれば、当該多穴管の熱交換面の温度は、ほぼ一定である。この構成によれば、複数の多穴管のうちの他の多穴管を流れる冷媒が気液二相状態であるので、相対的に単位熱交換面積の大きい、あるいは、バッテリとの間の熱抵抗が相対的に小さい他の多穴管の熱交換面の温度は、ほぼ一定である。その結果、バッテリの温度分布をより均一にすることができる。 Preferably, the refrigerant flowing through the other multi-hole pipe is in a gas-liquid two-phase state.
If the refrigerant flowing through the multi-hole tube is in a gas-liquid two-phase state, the temperature of the heat exchange surface of the multi-hole tube is approximately constant. According to this configuration, since the refrigerant flowing through the other multi-hole pipes among the plurality of multi-hole pipes is in a gas-liquid two-phase state, the unit heat exchange area is relatively large, or the heat exchanger between the heat exchanger and the battery is relatively large. The temperature of the heat exchange surface of other multi-hole tubes with relatively low resistance is almost constant. As a result, the temperature distribution of the battery can be made more uniform.
　本開示によれば、冷凍サイクルを用いてバッテリを昇温する暖機システムにおいて、バッテリの温度分布が不均一になることを抑制することができる。 According to the present disclosure, in a warm-up system that raises the temperature of a battery using a refrigeration cycle, it is possible to suppress the temperature distribution of the battery from becoming uneven.
実施の形態１に係る暖機システムの全体構成を示す図である。1 is a diagram showing the overall configuration of a warm-up system according to Embodiment 1. FIG. 実施の形態１における熱交換器の上面視である。3 is a top view of the heat exchanger in Embodiment 1. FIG. 入口多穴管の断面図である。FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the inlet multi-hole pipe. 他の多穴管の断面図である。It is a sectional view of another multi-hole pipe. 比較例における熱交換器の上面視である。It is a top view of the heat exchanger in a comparative example. 実施の形態１において、冷媒のガス領域の状態を示す図である。FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the state of a refrigerant gas region in the first embodiment. 比較例の熱交換器において、冷媒の液領域が発生する例を示している。In the heat exchanger of the comparative example, an example in which a liquid region of the refrigerant occurs is shown. 実施の形態２における熱交換器の上面視である。7 is a top view of the heat exchanger in Embodiment 2. FIG. 実施の形態３における熱交換器の上面視である。7 is a top view of the heat exchanger in Embodiment 3. 実施の形態４における熱交換器の上面視である。7 is a top view of the heat exchanger in Embodiment 4. 実施の形態５における熱交換器の上面視である。7 is a top view of a heat exchanger in Embodiment 5. 実施の形態６における熱交換器の上面視である。It is a top view of the heat exchanger in Embodiment 6.
　以下、図面を参照しつつ、本開示の実施の形態について説明する。以下の説明では、図中同一または相当部分には同一符号を付してその説明は繰返さない場合がある。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description, the same or corresponding parts in the figures may be denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof may not be repeated.
　［実施の形態１］
　図１は、本開示の実施の形態１に係る暖機システム１の全体構成を示す図である。暖機システム１は、冷凍サイクル１０と、バッテリ３０と、熱伝導シート４０と、熱交換器５０とを備える。 [Embodiment 1]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the overall configuration of a warm-up system 1 according to Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure. The warm-up system 1 includes a refrigeration cycle 10, a battery 30, a heat conductive sheet 40, and a heat exchanger 50.
　本実施の形態において、バッテリ３０は、複数の単電池（角形電池）３１をその厚み方向に並べた組電池である。単電池は、たとえば、リチウムイオン電池であってよく、ニッケル水素電池であってもよい。バッテリ３０は、たとえば、ＢＥＶやＨＥＶ等の電動車両の動力源として車両に搭載される。 In the present embodiment, the battery 30 is an assembled battery in which a plurality of single cells (prismatic batteries) 31 are arranged in the thickness direction. The cell may be, for example, a lithium ion battery or a nickel metal hydride battery. The battery 30 is mounted on a vehicle as a power source for an electric vehicle such as a BEV or an HEV, for example.
　本実施の形態において、バッテリ３０は、絶縁性の熱伝導シート４０を介して熱交換器５０の熱交換面に載置される。熱伝導シート４０は、絶縁性および熱伝導性に優れた材料から形成され、弾性を有する。熱伝導シート４０は、バッテリ３０と熱交換器５０との間の絶縁性を維持しつつ、バッテリ３０の熱交換面と熱交換器５０の熱交換面に密着する。これにより、熱伝導シート４０は、バッテリ３０と熱交換器５０との間の熱抵抗を低減する。 In this embodiment, the battery 30 is placed on the heat exchange surface of the heat exchanger 50 with an insulating heat conductive sheet 40 interposed therebetween. The thermally conductive sheet 40 is made of a material with excellent insulation and thermal conductivity, and has elasticity. The heat conductive sheet 40 closely contacts the heat exchange surface of the battery 30 and the heat exchange surface of the heat exchanger 50 while maintaining insulation between the battery 30 and the heat exchanger 50. Thereby, the heat conductive sheet 40 reduces the thermal resistance between the battery 30 and the heat exchanger 50.
　冷凍サイクル１０は、各々が冷媒流路２０に配設された、圧縮機１１、凝縮器１２、膨張弁（オリフィス）１３、蒸発器（エバポレータ）１４、および、気液分離器（アキュムレータ）１５を含んで構成される。冷凍サイクル１０の冷媒は、圧縮機１１で圧縮され高温高圧のガス（気体）になり、凝縮器１２でバッテリ３０と熱交換を行い、熱（凝縮熱）を放出して液化する。なお、凝縮器１２は、バッテリ３０と熱交換を行う熱交換器５０であり、以下、熱交換器５０として説明を行う。熱交換器５０でバッテリ３０と熱交換を行い、凝縮熱を放出して液化した冷媒は、膨張弁１３で減圧されると、その圧力の飽和温度まで冷媒の温度が低下し、冷媒の一部が気化して蒸発器１４に流入する。冷媒は、蒸発器１４で大気から熱を吸収して気化し、圧縮機１１へ戻る。気液分離器１５は、蒸発器１４で冷媒が完全に気化できなかった場合に、圧縮機１１に液体の冷媒が吸入されるのを抑止するものである。 The refrigeration cycle 10 includes a compressor 11, a condenser 12, an expansion valve (orifice) 13, an evaporator 14, and a gas-liquid separator (accumulator) 15, each of which is arranged in a refrigerant flow path 20. It consists of: The refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle 10 is compressed by the compressor 11 to become a high-temperature, high-pressure gas (gas), exchanges heat with the battery 30 in the condenser 12, releases heat (heat of condensation), and liquefies the refrigerant. Note that the condenser 12 is a heat exchanger 50 that exchanges heat with the battery 30, and will be described below as the heat exchanger 50. The refrigerant exchanges heat with the battery 30 in the heat exchanger 50, releases heat of condensation, and becomes liquefied. When the pressure is reduced in the expansion valve 13, the temperature of the refrigerant decreases to the saturation temperature of the pressure, and a part of the refrigerant is liquefied. is vaporized and flows into the evaporator 14. The refrigerant absorbs heat from the atmosphere in the evaporator 14, vaporizes, and returns to the compressor 11. The gas-liquid separator 15 prevents liquid refrigerant from being sucked into the compressor 11 when the refrigerant cannot be completely vaporized in the evaporator 14 .
　このように、本実施の形態のバッテリ３０の暖機システム１は、冷凍サイクル１０の凝縮熱を用いて、バッテリ３０を暖機（昇温）する。 In this way, the warm-up system 1 for the battery 30 of the present embodiment warms up (raises the temperature of) the battery 30 using the condensation heat of the refrigeration cycle 10.
　図２は、実施の形態１における熱交換器５０（凝縮器１２）の上面視である。熱交換器５０は、入口ヘッダ５１と、複数の中間ヘッダ（中間ヘッダ５２、中間ヘッダ５３、および中間ヘッダ５４）と、出口ヘッダ５５と、複数の多穴管（入口多穴管５６、ならびに、当該複数の多穴管のうちの他の多穴管５７（第１中間多穴管５７ａ、第２中間多穴管５７ｂ、および出口多穴管５７ｃ）とを含む。 FIG. 2 is a top view of the heat exchanger 50 (condenser 12) in the first embodiment. The heat exchanger 50 includes an inlet header 51, a plurality of intermediate headers (intermediate header 52, intermediate header 53, and intermediate header 54), an outlet header 55, a plurality of multi-hole pipes (inlet multi-hole pipe 56, and Other multi-hole pipes 57 (first intermediate multi-hole pipe 57a, second intermediate multi-hole pipe 57b, and outlet multi-hole pipe 57c) among the plurality of multi-hole pipes are included.
　入口ヘッダ５１は、冷凍サイクル１０の圧縮機１１で圧縮された高温高圧の冷媒を、入口多穴管５６に設けられた複数の冷媒流路に分岐する。入口多穴管５６は、入口ヘッダ５１と、中間ヘッダ５２とに接続されている。入口多穴管５６の複数の冷媒流路から流出した冷媒は、中間ヘッダ５２で集合し、第１中間多穴管５７ａに設けられた複数の冷媒流路に流入する。第１中間多穴管５７ａは、中間ヘッダ５２と、中間ヘッダ５３とに接続されている。第１中間多穴管５７ａの複数の冷媒流路から流出した冷媒は、中間ヘッダ５３で集合し、第２中間多穴管５７ｂに設けられた複数の冷媒流路に流入する。 The inlet header 51 branches the high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant compressed by the compressor 11 of the refrigeration cycle 10 into a plurality of refrigerant flow paths provided in the inlet multi-hole pipe 56. The inlet multi-hole pipe 56 is connected to the inlet header 51 and the intermediate header 52. The refrigerant flowing out from the plurality of refrigerant channels of the inlet multi-hole pipe 56 is collected at the intermediate header 52, and flows into the plurality of refrigerant channels provided in the first intermediate multi-hole pipe 57a. The first intermediate multi-hole pipe 57a is connected to the intermediate header 52 and the intermediate header 53. The refrigerant flowing out from the plurality of refrigerant channels of the first intermediate multi-hole pipe 57a is collected at the intermediate header 53, and flows into the plurality of refrigerant channels provided in the second intermediate multi-hole pipe 57b.
　第２中間多穴管５７ｂは、中間ヘッダ５３と、中間ヘッダ５４とに接続されている。第２中間多穴管５７ｂの複数の冷媒流路から流出した冷媒は、中間ヘッダ５４で集合し、出口多穴管５７ｃに設けられた複数の冷媒流路に流入する。出口多穴管５７ｃの複数の冷媒流路から流出した冷媒は、出口ヘッダ５５で集合し、熱交換器５０から流出し、膨張弁１３で減圧され、蒸発器１４へ流入する。このように、熱交換器５０に流入した冷媒は、中間ヘッダ５２、中間ヘッダ５３、および中間ヘッダ５４に集合し分岐することによって、その流れ方向が反転し、バッテリ３０（単電池３１）との熱交換を効率的に行う。なお、図２において、矢印は冷媒の流れを示している。入口他穴管５６は、冷媒の流れ（流路）の最も上流側に位置し、出口他穴管５７ｃは、最も下流側に位置する。 The second intermediate multi-hole pipe 57b is connected to the intermediate header 53 and the intermediate header 54. The refrigerant flowing out from the plurality of refrigerant channels of the second intermediate multi-hole pipe 57b is collected at the intermediate header 54, and flows into the plurality of refrigerant channels provided in the outlet multi-hole pipe 57c. The refrigerant flowing out from the plurality of refrigerant channels of the outlet multi-hole pipe 57c gathers at the outlet header 55, flows out from the heat exchanger 50, is depressurized by the expansion valve 13, and flows into the evaporator 14. In this way, the refrigerant that has flowed into the heat exchanger 50 gathers in the intermediate header 52, intermediate header 53, and intermediate header 54 and branches, thereby reversing the flow direction and causing the refrigerant to flow between the battery 30 (single cell 31). Efficient heat exchange. Note that in FIG. 2, arrows indicate the flow of refrigerant. The inlet multi-hole pipe 56 is located at the most upstream side of the refrigerant flow (flow path), and the exit multi-hole pipe 57c is located at the most downstream side.
　本実施の形態において、入口多穴管５６の熱交換面積は、複数の多穴管のうちの他の多穴管５７（第１中間多穴管５７ａ、第２中間多穴管５７ｂ、および出口多穴管５７ｃ）の各々の熱交換面積より小さくされている。各多穴管の熱交換面積とは、当該多穴管とバッテリ３０との熱交換が行われる熱交換面の面積である。図３Ａは、入口多穴管５６の断面を示し、図３Ｂは、他の多穴管５７（第１中間多穴管５７ａ、第２中間多穴管５７ｂ、および出口多穴管５７ｃの各々）の断面を示している。入口多穴管５６および他の多穴管５７は、たとえば、アルミニウムあるいはアルミニウム合金からなり、押し出し成形を用いて製造されてよい。 In this embodiment, the heat exchange area of the inlet multi-hole pipe 56 is the same as that of the other multi-hole pipes 57 (the first intermediate multi-hole pipe 57a, the second intermediate multi-hole pipe 57b, and the outlet It is smaller than the heat exchange area of each of the multi-hole pipes 57c). The heat exchange area of each multi-hole tube is the area of the heat exchange surface where heat exchange between the multi-hole tube and the battery 30 is performed. FIG. 3A shows a cross section of the inlet multi-hole pipe 56, and FIG. 3B shows the other multi-hole pipes 57 (each of the first intermediate multi-hole pipe 57a, second intermediate multi-hole pipe 57b, and outlet multi-hole pipe 57c) It shows a cross section of. The inlet multi-hole tube 56 and the other multi-hole tubes 57 may be made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, for example, and may be manufactured using extrusion.
　図３Ａおよび図３Ｂに示すように、入口多穴管５６の幅はＷ１であり、たとえば、５個の冷媒流路Ｃｈが形成されている。他の多穴管５７の幅はＷ２であり、たとえば、１０個の冷媒流路Ｃｈが形成されている。幅Ｗ１は幅Ｗ２より短く、幅Ｗ１は、たとえば、幅Ｗ２の約１／２である。入口多穴管５６の幅Ｗ１は、他の多穴管５７（第１中間多穴管５７ａ、第２中間多穴管５７ｂ、および出口多穴管５７ｃの各々）の幅Ｗ２より短い。よって、入口多穴管５６の単位長さ当たりの熱交換面積（以下、単位長さ当たりの熱交換面積を、単位熱交換面積とも称する）が、他の多穴管５７の単位熱交換面積より小さい。これにより、入口多穴管５６の熱交換面積は、他の多穴管５７（第１中間多穴管５７ａ、第２中間多穴管５７ｂ、および出口多穴管５７ｃの各々）の熱交換面積より小さくされている。入口多穴管５６の冷媒流路Ｃｈの数、および、他の多穴管５７の冷媒流路Ｃｈの数は、任意であってよい。幅Ｗ１と幅Ｗ２の比も任意であってよく、幅Ｗ１が幅Ｗ２より短ければよい。 As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the width of the inlet multi-hole pipe 56 is W1, and for example, five refrigerant channels Ch are formed. The width of the other multi-hole pipe 57 is W2, and for example, ten refrigerant channels Ch are formed therein. The width W1 is shorter than the width W2, and the width W1 is, for example, about 1/2 of the width W2. The width W1 of the inlet multi-hole pipe 56 is shorter than the width W2 of the other multi-hole pipes 57 (each of the first intermediate multi-hole pipe 57a, the second intermediate multi-hole pipe 57b, and the outlet multi-hole pipe 57c). Therefore, the heat exchange area per unit length of the inlet multi-hole pipe 56 (hereinafter, the heat exchange area per unit length is also referred to as unit heat exchange area) is larger than the unit heat exchange area of the other multi-hole pipes 57. small. Thereby, the heat exchange area of the inlet multihole pipe 56 is equal to the heat exchange area of the other multihole pipes 57 (each of the first intermediate multihole pipe 57a, the second intermediate multihole pipe 57b, and the outlet multihole pipe 57c). It has been made smaller. The number of refrigerant channels Ch in the inlet multi-hole pipe 56 and the number of refrigerant channels Ch in the other multi-hole pipe 57 may be arbitrary. The ratio between width W1 and width W2 may also be arbitrary, as long as width W1 is shorter than width W2.
　図４は、比較例における熱交換器６０の上面視である。熱交換器６０は、入口ヘッダ６１と、複数の中間ヘッダ（中間ヘッダ６２、中間ヘッダ６３、および中間ヘッダ６４）と、出口ヘッダ６５とを含む。各ヘッダの間には、多穴管６８が接続されている。多穴管６８の幅は、たとえば、Ｗ１より大きくＷ２より小さくされており、９個の冷媒流路が形成されていてよい。入口ヘッダ６１に接続される上流側の多穴管６８の冷媒流路を流れる冷媒の一部が、気体状態である場合がある。これは、圧縮機１１から熱交換器５０（凝縮器１２）までの流路長、周囲温度（放熱量）等によっては、圧縮機１１で圧縮された冷媒が高温高圧のガスの状態のまま上流側の多穴管６８に流入するためである。冷媒がガス状態であるガス領域にある熱交換面は、冷媒が気液二相状態にある熱交換面より高温である。このため、バッテリ３０（単電池３１）において、ガス領域にある熱交換面と熱交換を行う部分の温度が、他の部分より高温になり、バッテリ３０の温度分布が不均一になる可能性がある。なお、冷媒が気液二相状態にある熱交換面の温度は、ほぼ一定である。 FIG. 4 is a top view of the heat exchanger 60 in a comparative example. Heat exchanger 60 includes an inlet header 61, a plurality of intermediate headers (intermediate header 62, intermediate header 63, and intermediate header 64), and an outlet header 65. A multi-hole pipe 68 is connected between each header. The width of the multi-hole pipe 68 is, for example, larger than W1 and smaller than W2, and nine refrigerant flow paths may be formed. A part of the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant flow path of the upstream multi-hole pipe 68 connected to the inlet header 61 may be in a gaseous state. Depending on the length of the flow path from the compressor 11 to the heat exchanger 50 (condenser 12), the ambient temperature (amount of heat radiation), etc., the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 11 may remain in a high-temperature, high-pressure gas state upstream. This is because it flows into the multi-hole pipe 68 on the side. A heat exchange surface in the gas region where the refrigerant is in a gaseous state is hotter than a heat exchange surface where the refrigerant is in a gas-liquid two-phase state. Therefore, in the battery 30 (single cell 31), the temperature of the part that exchanges heat with the heat exchange surface in the gas area becomes higher than other parts, and there is a possibility that the temperature distribution of the battery 30 becomes uneven. be. Note that the temperature of the heat exchange surface where the refrigerant is in a gas-liquid two-phase state is approximately constant.
　本実施の形態では、入口ヘッダ５１に接続される上流側の多穴管である入口多穴管５６の単位熱交換面積（上流側単位熱交換面積）が、他の多穴管５７（第１中間多穴管５７ａ、第２中間多穴管５７ｂ、出口多穴管５７ｃの各々）の単位熱交換面積より小さくされている。これにより、入口多穴管５６の熱交換面積が、他の多穴管５７の各々の熱交換面積より小さくなっている。このため、入口多穴管５６からバッテリ３０（単電池３１）へ伝達される熱量が、入口多穴管５６の熱交換面積が他の多穴管５７の各々の熱交換面積と等しい場合に比較して少なくなる。したがって、入口多穴管５６を流れる冷媒の流路にガス領域があっても、バッテリ３０の温度分布が不均一になることを抑制できる。図５は、実施の形態１において、冷媒のガス領域の状態を示す図である。入口多穴管５６の熱交換面積が（比較例の多穴管６８の熱交換面積より）小さいので、入口多穴管５６の冷媒流路Ｃｈを流れる冷媒の放熱量が小さくなる。このため、図５に示すように、入口多穴管５６において、（図４の比較例に対して）ガス領域の範囲が拡大する。（比較例に対して）入口多穴管５６の温度分布も比較的均一になるので、これによっても、バッテリ３０の温度分布が不均一になることを抑制できる。 In this embodiment, the unit heat exchange area (upstream unit heat exchange area) of the inlet multihole pipe 56, which is the upstream multihole pipe connected to the inlet header 51, is different from that of the other multihole pipe 57 (the first It is made smaller than the unit heat exchange area of each of the intermediate multi-hole pipe 57a, the second intermediate multi-hole pipe 57b, and the outlet multi-hole pipe 57c. Thereby, the heat exchange area of the inlet multi-hole tube 56 is smaller than the heat exchange area of each of the other multi-hole tubes 57. Therefore, the amount of heat transferred from the inlet multi-hole tube 56 to the battery 30 (single cell 31) is compared when the heat exchange area of the inlet multi-hole tube 56 is equal to the heat exchange area of each of the other multi-hole tubes 57. and become less. Therefore, even if there is a gas region in the flow path of the refrigerant flowing through the inlet multi-hole pipe 56, it is possible to suppress the temperature distribution of the battery 30 from becoming non-uniform. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the state of the refrigerant gas region in the first embodiment. Since the heat exchange area of the multi-hole inlet pipe 56 is smaller (than the heat exchange area of the multi-hole pipe 68 of the comparative example), the amount of heat released by the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant channel Ch of the multi-hole inlet pipe 56 becomes smaller. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, the range of the gas region is expanded in the inlet multi-hole pipe 56 (compared to the comparative example in FIG. 4). Since the temperature distribution of the inlet multi-hole pipe 56 is also relatively uniform (compared to the comparative example), it is also possible to prevent the temperature distribution of the battery 30 from becoming non-uniform.
　本実施の形態では、入口多穴管５６の単位熱交換面積（上流側単位熱交換面積）が、他の多穴管５７（第１中間多穴管５７ａ、第２中間多穴管５７ｂ、および出口多穴管５７ｃ）の単位熱交換面積より小さくされている。しかし、熱交換器５０において、圧縮機１１で圧縮された冷媒が、入口多穴管５６を経て、高温高圧のガスの状態のまま第１中間多穴管５７ａの冷媒流路Ｃｈを流れる場合は、入口多穴管５６の単位熱交換面積に加えて、第１中間多穴管５７ａの単位熱交換面積（上流側熱交換面積）を、他の多穴管（第２中間多穴管５７ｂ、および出口多穴管５７ｃの各々）の単位熱交換面積より小さくしてもよい。この場合、第２中間多穴管５７ｂおよび出口多穴管５７ｃが、本開示の「他の多穴管」に相当する。 In this embodiment, the unit heat exchange area (upstream unit heat exchange area) of the inlet multihole pipe 56 is different from that of the other multihole pipes 57 (first intermediate multihole pipe 57a, second intermediate multihole pipe 57b, and It is smaller than the unit heat exchange area of the outlet multi-hole pipe 57c). However, in the heat exchanger 50, when the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 11 passes through the inlet multi-hole pipe 56 and flows through the refrigerant flow path Ch of the first intermediate multi-hole pipe 57a while remaining in a high temperature and high pressure gas state. , in addition to the unit heat exchange area of the inlet multi-hole pipe 56, the unit heat exchange area (upstream heat exchange area) of the first intermediate multi-hole pipe 57a, and the outlet multi-hole pipe 57c). In this case, the second intermediate multi-hole pipe 57b and the outlet multi-hole pipe 57c correspond to "another multi-hole pipe" of the present disclosure.
　［実施の形態２］
　図６は、比較例の熱交換器６０において、冷媒の液領域が発生する例を示している。圧縮機１１で圧縮された冷媒が、気液二相状態で熱交換器６０に流入した場合、熱交換器６０からの放熱量（バッテリ３０との熱交換量）によっては、図６に示すように、下流の多穴管６８において、冷媒が液体状態である液領域が発生することがある。多穴管６８において、液領域が発生すると、液領域の熱交換面の温度は、気液二相状態の熱交換面の温度より低くなる。このため、液領域が発生している多穴管６８の上下流において、バッテリ３０（単電池３１）の温度分布が不均一になる可能性がある。 [Embodiment 2]
FIG. 6 shows an example in which a liquid region of the refrigerant occurs in a heat exchanger 60 of a comparative example. When the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 11 flows into the heat exchanger 60 in a gas-liquid two-phase state, depending on the amount of heat released from the heat exchanger 60 (the amount of heat exchanged with the battery 30), as shown in FIG. In addition, a liquid region where the refrigerant is in a liquid state may occur in the downstream multi-hole pipe 68. When a liquid region occurs in the multi-hole tube 68, the temperature of the heat exchange surface of the liquid region becomes lower than the temperature of the heat exchange surface in a gas-liquid two-phase state. For this reason, there is a possibility that the temperature distribution of the battery 30 (single cell 31) becomes uneven upstream and downstream of the multi-hole pipe 68 where the liquid region is generated.
　図７は、実施の形態２における熱交換器７０の上面視である。なお、実施の形態２において、冷凍サイクル１０およびバッテリ３０は、実施の形態１のそれらと同様である。熱交換器７０は、入口ヘッダ７１と、複数の中間ヘッダ（中間ヘッダ７２、中間ヘッダ７３、および中間ヘッダ７４）と、出口ヘッダ７５と、複数の多穴管（出口多穴管７６、ならびに、当該複数の多穴管のうちの他の多穴管７７（入口多穴管７７ａ、第１中間多穴管７７ｂ、および第２中間多穴管７７ｃ）とを含む。各ヘッダと各多穴管の接続、および、冷媒の流れは、実施の形態１と同様であるので、その詳細な説明は省略する。 FIG. 7 is a top view of the heat exchanger 70 in the second embodiment. Note that in the second embodiment, the refrigeration cycle 10 and battery 30 are the same as those in the first embodiment. The heat exchanger 70 includes an inlet header 71, a plurality of intermediate headers (intermediate header 72, intermediate header 73, and intermediate header 74), an outlet header 75, a plurality of multi-hole pipes (an exit multi-hole pipe 76, and Other multi-hole pipes 77 (inlet multi-hole pipe 77a, first intermediate multi-hole pipe 77b, and second intermediate multi-hole pipe 77c) among the plurality of multi-hole pipes.Each header and each multi-hole pipe. The connections and the flow of refrigerant are the same as in Embodiment 1, so detailed explanation thereof will be omitted.
　図７において、出口多穴管７６の単位熱交換面積は、複数の多穴管のうちの他の多穴管７７（入口多穴管７７ａ、第１中間多穴管７７ｂ、および第２中間多穴管７７ｃの各々）の単位熱交換面積より小さくされている。たとえば、出口多穴管７６は、図３Ａに示した、入口多穴管５６と同じ構成であり、他の多穴管７７（入口多穴管７７ａ、第１中間多穴管７７ｂ、および第２中間多穴管７７ｃの各々）は、図３Ｂに示した、他の多穴管５７と同じ構成であってよい。 In FIG. 7, the unit heat exchange area of the outlet multihole pipe 76 is the same as that of the other multihole pipes 77 (inlet multihole pipe 77a, first intermediate multihole pipe 77b, and second intermediate multihole pipe It is made smaller than the unit heat exchange area of each of the hole pipes 77c). For example, the outlet multi-hole pipe 76 has the same configuration as the inlet multi-hole pipe 56 shown in FIG. 3A, and the other multi-hole pipes 77 (inlet multi-hole pipe 77a, first intermediate multi-hole pipe 77b, and second Each of the intermediate multi-hole tubes 77c) may have the same configuration as the other multi-hole tubes 57 shown in FIG. 3B.
　この実施の形態２では、出口ヘッダ７５に接続される下流側の多穴管である出口多穴管７６の単位熱交換面積（下流側単位熱交換面積）が、他の多穴管７７（入口多穴管７７ａ、第１中間多穴管７７ｂ、および第２中間多穴管７７ｃの各々）の単位熱交換面積より小さくされている。このため、出口多穴管７６からバッテリ３０（単電池３１）へ伝達される熱量が、出口多穴管７６の熱交換面積が他の多穴管７７の熱交換面積と等しい場合に比較して少なくなる。したがって、出口多穴管７６を流れる冷媒の流路に液領域があっても、出口多穴管７６から伝達される熱量を小さくできる。その結果、バッテリ３０の温度分布が不均一になることを抑制できる。 In this second embodiment, the unit heat exchange area (downstream unit heat exchange area) of the outlet multihole pipe 76, which is the downstream multihole pipe connected to the outlet header 75, is different from that of the other multihole pipe 77 (inlet It is made smaller than the unit heat exchange area of each of the multi-hole pipe 77a, the first intermediate multi-hole pipe 77b, and the second intermediate multi-hole pipe 77c. Therefore, the amount of heat transferred from the outlet multi-hole tube 76 to the battery 30 (single cell 31) is greater than when the heat exchange area of the outlet multi-hole tube 76 is equal to the heat exchange area of the other multi-hole tube 77. It becomes less. Therefore, even if there is a liquid region in the flow path of the refrigerant flowing through the outlet multi-hole pipe 76, the amount of heat transferred from the outlet multi-hole pipe 76 can be reduced. As a result, it is possible to suppress the temperature distribution of the battery 30 from becoming non-uniform.
　なお、熱交換器７０において、第２中間多穴管７７ｃの冷媒流路を流れる冷媒の流路に液領域が発生する場合には、出口多穴管７６の単位熱交換面積に加えて、第２中間多穴管７７ｃの単位熱交換面積（下側熱単位交換面積）を、他の多穴管（入口多穴管７７ａ、および第１中間多穴管７７ｂの各々）の単位熱交換面積より小さくしてもよい。この場合、入口多穴管７７ａおよび第１中間多穴管７７ｂが、本開示の「他の多穴管」に相当する。 In the heat exchanger 70, if a liquid region occurs in the refrigerant flow path of the second intermediate multi-hole pipe 77c, in addition to the unit heat exchange area of the outlet multi-hole pipe 76, The unit heat exchange area (lower side heat exchange area) of the second intermediate multi-hole pipe 77c is calculated from the unit heat exchange area of the other multi-hole pipes (inlet multi-hole pipe 77a and each of the first intermediate multi-hole pipe 77b). You can make it smaller. In this case, the inlet multi-hole pipe 77a and the first intermediate multi-hole pipe 77b correspond to "another multi-hole pipe" of the present disclosure.
　［実施の形態３］
　図８は、実施の形態３における熱交換器８０の上面視である。なお、実施の形態３において、冷凍サイクル１０およびバッテリ３０は、実施の形態１のそれらと同様である。熱交換器８０は、入口ヘッダ８１と、複数の中間ヘッダ（中間ヘッダ８２、中間ヘッダ８３、および中間ヘッダ８４）と、出口ヘッダ８５と、複数の多穴管（入口多穴管８６、出口多穴管８８、ならびに、当該複数の多穴管のうちの他の多穴管８７（第１中間多穴管８７ａ、および第２中間多穴管８７ｂ）とを含む。各ヘッダと各多穴管の接続、および、冷媒の流れは、実施の形態１と同様であるので、その詳細な説明は省略する。 [Embodiment 3]
FIG. 8 is a top view of heat exchanger 80 in the third embodiment. Note that in the third embodiment, the refrigeration cycle 10 and the battery 30 are the same as those in the first embodiment. The heat exchanger 80 includes an inlet header 81, a plurality of intermediate headers (intermediate header 82, intermediate header 83, and intermediate header 84), an outlet header 85, and a plurality of multi-hole pipes (inlet multi-hole pipe 86, outlet multi-hole pipe 86, and outlet multi-hole pipe 86). It includes the hole pipe 88 and other multi-hole pipes 87 (first intermediate multi-hole pipe 87a and second intermediate multi-hole pipe 87b) among the plurality of multi-hole pipes.Each header and each multi-hole pipe. The connections and the flow of refrigerant are the same as in Embodiment 1, so detailed explanation thereof will be omitted.
　図８において、入口多穴管８６、および、出口多穴管８８の単位熱交換面積は、複数の多穴管のうちの他の多穴管８７（第１中間多穴管８７ａ、および第２中間多穴管８７ｂの各々）の単位熱交換面積より小さくされている。たとえば、入口多穴管８６、および、出口多穴管８８は、図３Ａに示した、入口多穴管５６と同じ構成であり、他の多穴管８７（第１中間多穴管８７ａ、および第２中間多穴管８７ｂの各々）は、図３Ｂに示した、他の多穴管５７と同じ構成であってよい。 In FIG. 8, the unit heat exchange area of the inlet multi-hole pipe 86 and the outlet multi-hole pipe 88 is the same as that of the other multi-hole pipes 87 (first intermediate multi-hole pipe 87a and second intermediate multi-hole pipe 87a) among the plurality of multi-hole pipes. It is made smaller than the unit heat exchange area of each of the intermediate multi-hole pipes 87b. For example, the inlet multi-hole pipe 86 and the outlet multi-hole pipe 88 have the same configuration as the inlet multi-hole pipe 56 shown in FIG. 3A, and the other multi-hole pipes 87 (first intermediate multi-hole pipe 87a and Each of the second intermediate multi-hole tubes 87b) may have the same configuration as the other multi-hole tubes 57 shown in FIG. 3B.
　この実施の形態３では、入口ヘッダ８１に接続される上流側の多穴管である入口多穴管８６の単位熱交換面積（上流側単位熱交換面積）、および、出口ヘッダ８５に接続される下流側の多穴管である出口多穴管８８の単位熱交換面積（下流側単位熱交換面積）の双方が、他の多穴管８７（第１中間多穴管８７ａ、および第２中間多穴管８８ｂの各々）の単位熱交換面積より小さくされている。このため、入口多穴管８６からバッテリ３０（単電池３１）へ伝達される熱量、および、出口多穴管８８からバッテリ３０（単電池３１）へ伝達される熱量の双方が、上流側単位熱交換面積および下流側単位熱交換面積の各々が他の多穴管８７の単位熱交換面積と等しい場合に比較して少なくなる。したがって、入口多穴管８６を流れる冷媒の流路にガス領域があり、かつ、出口多穴管８８を流れる冷媒の流路に液領域があっても、バッテリ３０の温度分布が不均一になることを抑制できる。 In this third embodiment, the unit heat exchange area (upstream unit heat exchange area) of the inlet multi-hole pipe 86 which is the upstream multi-hole pipe connected to the inlet header 81 and the unit heat exchange area (upstream unit heat exchange area) Both of the unit heat exchange area (downstream unit heat exchange area) of the outlet multihole pipe 88, which is the downstream multihole pipe, are the same as those of the other multihole pipes 87 (the first intermediate multihole pipe 87a and the second intermediate multihole pipe 87a). It is made smaller than the unit heat exchange area of each of the hole pipes 88b. Therefore, the amount of heat transferred from the inlet multi-hole pipe 86 to the battery 30 (single cell 31) and the amount of heat transferred from the outlet multi-hole pipe 88 to the battery 30 (single cell 31) are both the upstream unit heat. Each of the exchange area and the downstream unit heat exchange area is smaller than the case where the unit heat exchange area of the other multi-hole pipe 87 is equal. Therefore, even if there is a gas region in the flow path of the refrigerant flowing through the inlet multi-hole pipe 86 and a liquid region in the flow path of the refrigerant flowing through the outlet multi-hole pipe 88, the temperature distribution of the battery 30 becomes uneven. can be suppressed.
　なお、熱交換器８０の冷媒流路を流れる冷媒の流路のガス領域あるいは液領域の発生状態に応じて、実施の形態１および実施の形態２と同様に、入口多穴管８６あるいは出口多穴管８８の単位熱交換面積に加えて、第１中間多穴管８７ａあるいは第２中間多穴管８７ｂの単位熱交換面積を小さくするようにしてもよい。 Note that, as in the first and second embodiments, depending on the state of occurrence of a gas region or a liquid region in the refrigerant flow path of the heat exchanger 80, the inlet multi-hole pipe 86 or the outlet multi-hole pipe In addition to the unit heat exchange area of the hole pipe 88, the unit heat exchange area of the first intermediate multi-hole pipe 87a or the second intermediate multi-hole pipe 87b may be made smaller.
　［実施の形態４］
　図９は、実施の形態４における熱交換器９０の上面視である。なお、実施の形態４において、冷凍サイクル１０およびバッテリ３０は、実施の形態１のそれらと同様である。熱交換器９０は、入口ヘッダ９１と、複数の中間ヘッダ（中間ヘッダ９２、中間ヘッダ９３、および中間ヘッダ９４）と、出口ヘッダ９５と、複数の多穴管（入口多穴管９６、ならびに、当該複数の多穴管のうちの他の多穴管９７（第１中間多穴管９７ａ、第２中間多穴管９７ｂ、および出口多穴管９７ｃ）とを含む。各ヘッダと各多穴管の接続、および、冷媒の流れは、実施の形態１と同様であるので、その詳細な説明は省略する。 [Embodiment 4]
FIG. 9 is a top view of the heat exchanger 90 in the fourth embodiment. Note that in the fourth embodiment, the refrigeration cycle 10 and the battery 30 are the same as those in the first embodiment. The heat exchanger 90 includes an inlet header 91, a plurality of intermediate headers (intermediate header 92, intermediate header 93, and intermediate header 94), an outlet header 95, a plurality of multi-hole pipes (inlet multi-hole pipe 96, and Other multi-hole pipes 97 (first intermediate multi-hole pipe 97a, second intermediate multi-hole pipe 97b, and outlet multi-hole pipe 97c) among the plurality of multi-hole pipes.Each header and each multi-hole pipe. The connections and the flow of refrigerant are the same as in Embodiment 1, so detailed explanation thereof will be omitted.
　実施の形態４において、入口多穴管９６、および、他の多穴管９７（第１中間多穴管９７ａ、第２中間多穴管９７ｂ、および出口多穴管９７ｃの各々）の構造は、比較例（図４）における多穴管６８と同様な構造であってよく、その幅は、たとえば、Ｗ１より大きくＷ２より小さくされており、９個の冷媒流路が形成されていてよい。 In the fourth embodiment, the structure of the inlet multihole pipe 96 and the other multihole pipes 97 (each of the first intermediate multihole pipe 97a, the second intermediate multihole pipe 97b, and the outlet multihole pipe 97c) is as follows. It may have the same structure as the multi-hole pipe 68 in the comparative example (FIG. 4), and its width may be, for example, larger than W1 and smaller than W2, and nine refrigerant channels may be formed.
　実施の形態４では、バッテリ３０の熱交換面と熱交換器９０の熱交換面とに密着する熱伝導シートに特徴がある。図９に示すように、入口多穴管９６とバッテリ３０との間には、熱伝導シート４１が設けられている。複数の多穴管のうちの他の多穴管９７（第１中間多穴管９７ａ、第２中間多穴管９７ｂ、および出口多穴管９７ｃの各々）とバッテリ３０との間には、熱伝導シート４２が設けられる。熱伝導シート４１の熱伝導率は、熱伝導シート４２の熱伝導率より小さくされている。これにより、バッテリ３０と入口多穴管９６と間の熱抵抗が、バッテリ３０と他の多穴管９７（第１中間多穴管９７ａ、第２中間多穴管９７ｂ、および出口多穴管９７ｃの各々）との間の熱抵抗よりも大きくされている。 The fourth embodiment is characterized by a heat conductive sheet that is in close contact with the heat exchange surface of the battery 30 and the heat exchange surface of the heat exchanger 90. As shown in FIG. 9, a heat conductive sheet 41 is provided between the inlet multi-hole tube 96 and the battery 30. Heat is generated between the battery 30 and other multi-hole pipes 97 (first intermediate multi-hole pipe 97a, second intermediate multi-hole pipe 97b, and outlet multi-hole pipe 97c) among the plurality of multi-hole pipes. A conductive sheet 42 is provided. The thermal conductivity of the thermally conductive sheet 41 is made smaller than that of the thermally conductive sheet 42. As a result, the thermal resistance between the battery 30 and the inlet multi-hole tube 96 is lower than that of the battery 30 and the other multi-hole tubes 97 (the first intermediate multi-hole tube 97a, the second intermediate multi-hole tube 97b, and the outlet multi-hole tube 97c). each) is greater than the thermal resistance between them.
　この実施の形態４では、入口ヘッダ９１に接続される上流側の多穴管である入口多穴管９６とバッテリ３０との間の熱抵抗が、他の多穴管９７（第１中間多穴管９７ａ、第２中間多穴管９７ｂ、および出口多穴管９７ｃの各々）とバッテリ３０との間の熱抵抗より大きくされている。このため、入口多穴管９６からバッテリ３０（単電池３１）へ伝達される熱量が、他の多穴管９７（第１中間多穴管９７ａ、第２中間多穴管９７ｂ、および出口多穴管９７ｃ）の各々からバッテリ３０へ伝達される熱量よりも小さくなる。したがって、実施の形態１と同様に、入口多穴管９６を流れる冷媒の流路にガス領域があっても、バッテリ３０の温度分布が不均一になることを抑制できる。さらに、実施の形態１と同様に、入口多穴管９６の冷媒流路Ｃｈを流れる冷媒の放熱量が小さくなるので、入口多穴管９６において、（図４の比較例に対して）ガス領域の範囲が拡大する。（比較例に対して）入口多穴管９６の温度分布も比較的均一になるので、これによっても、バッテリ３０の温度分布が不均一になることを抑制できる。 In this fourth embodiment, the thermal resistance between the inlet multi-hole pipe 96, which is the upstream multi-hole pipe connected to the inlet header 91, and the battery 30 is different from that of the other multi-hole pipe 97 (the first intermediate multi-hole pipe). The thermal resistance between the battery 30 and each of the pipe 97a, the second intermediate multi-hole pipe 97b, and the outlet multi-hole pipe 97c) is made larger than that between the battery 30 and the battery 30. Therefore, the amount of heat transferred from the inlet multi-hole pipe 96 to the battery 30 (single cell 31) is transferred to the other multi-hole pipes 97 (the first intermediate multi-hole pipe 97a, the second intermediate multi-hole pipe 97b, and the outlet multi-hole pipe 97b). The amount of heat transferred from each of the tubes 97c) to the battery 30 is smaller than the amount of heat transferred from each tube 97c) to the battery 30. Therefore, as in the first embodiment, even if there is a gas region in the flow path of the refrigerant flowing through the inlet multi-hole pipe 96, it is possible to suppress the temperature distribution of the battery 30 from becoming non-uniform. Furthermore, as in Embodiment 1, the heat radiation amount of the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant flow path Ch of the inlet multi-hole pipe 96 is reduced, so that in the inlet multi-hole pipe 96, the gas region The range of will be expanded. Since the temperature distribution of the inlet multi-hole tube 96 is also relatively uniform (compared to the comparative example), it is also possible to prevent the temperature distribution of the battery 30 from becoming non-uniform.
　この実施の形態４では、熱伝導シート４１の熱伝導率は、熱伝導シート４２の熱伝導率より小さくすることにより、バッテリ３０と入口多穴管９６と間の熱抵抗を、バッテリ３０と他の多穴管９７（第１中間多穴管９７ａ、第２中間多穴管９７ｂ、および出口多穴管９７ｃの各々）との間の熱抵抗よりも大きくしていた。しかし、この構成に代えて、あるいは、加えて、入口多穴管９６の材質と他の多穴管９７（第１中間多穴管９７ａ、第２中間多穴管９７ｂ、および出口多穴管９７ｃの各々）の材質とを異ならせ、入口多穴管９６の熱伝導率が、他の多穴管９７の熱伝導率より小さくなるようにしてもよい。 In this fourth embodiment, the thermal conductivity of the thermally conductive sheet 41 is made smaller than that of the thermally conductive sheet 42, thereby reducing the thermal resistance between the battery 30 and the inlet multi-hole tube 96. The thermal resistance was made larger than that between the multi-hole pipe 97 (each of the first intermediate multi-hole pipe 97a, the second intermediate multi-hole pipe 97b, and the outlet multi-hole pipe 97c). However, instead of or in addition to this configuration, the material of the inlet multi-hole pipe 96 and the other multi-hole pipes 97 (first intermediate multi-hole pipe 97a, second intermediate multi-hole pipe 97b, and outlet multi-hole pipe 97c) ) may be made of different materials so that the thermal conductivity of the inlet multi-hole tube 96 is lower than that of the other multi-hole tubes 97.
　熱交換器９０において、圧縮機１１で圧縮された冷媒が、入口多穴管９６を経て、高温高圧のガスの状態のまま第１中間多穴管９７ａの冷媒流路を流れる場合、入口多穴管９６とバッテリ３０との間の熱抵抗に加えて、第１中間多穴管９７ａとバッテリ３０との間の熱抵抗を、バッテリ３０と他の多穴管（第２中間多穴管９７ｂ、および出口多穴管９７ｃの各々）との間の熱抵抗より大きくしてもよい。この場合、第２中間多穴管９７ｂおよび出口多穴管９７ｃが、本開示の「他の多穴管」に相当する。 In the heat exchanger 90, when the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 11 passes through the inlet multi-hole pipe 96 and flows through the refrigerant flow path of the first intermediate multi-hole pipe 97a while remaining in a high-temperature, high-pressure gas state, the inlet multi-hole In addition to the thermal resistance between the tube 96 and the battery 30, the thermal resistance between the first intermediate multi-hole tube 97a and the battery 30 is determined by the thermal resistance between the battery 30 and the other multi-hole tubes (the second intermediate multi-hole tube 97b, and the outlet multi-hole pipe 97c). In this case, the second intermediate multi-hole pipe 97b and the outlet multi-hole pipe 97c correspond to "another multi-hole pipe" of the present disclosure.
　［実施の形態５］
　図１０は、実施の形態５における熱交換器９０の上面視である。なお、実施の形態５において、冷凍サイクル１０およびバッテリ３０は、実施の形態１のそれらと同様である。熱交換器９０は、実施の形態４とのそれと同様であるが、実施の形態５の説明の便宜上、実施の形態４における入口多穴管９６を入口多穴管９７ｄとして記載し、実施の形態４における出口多穴管９７ｃを出口多穴管９８として記載する。 [Embodiment 5]
FIG. 10 is a top view of the heat exchanger 90 in the fifth embodiment. Note that in the fifth embodiment, the refrigeration cycle 10 and battery 30 are the same as those in the first embodiment. The heat exchanger 90 is the same as that in Embodiment 4, but for convenience of explanation of Embodiment 5, the inlet multi-hole pipe 96 in Embodiment 4 will be described as inlet multi-hole pipe 97d, and the embodiment will be described as follows. The outlet multi-hole pipe 97c in No. 4 will be described as an outlet multi-hole pipe 98.
　実施の形態５では、バッテリ３０の熱交換面と熱交換器９０の熱交換面とに密着する熱伝導シートに特徴がある。図１０に示すように、出口多穴管９８とバッテリ３０との間には、熱伝導シート４３が設けられている。複数の多穴管のうちの他の多穴管９７（第１中間多穴管９７ａ、第２中間多穴管９７ｂ、および入口多穴管９７ｄの各々）とバッテリ３０との間には、熱伝導シート４４が設けられる。熱伝導シート４３の熱伝導率は、熱伝導シート４４の熱伝導率より小さくされている。これにより、バッテリ３０と出口多穴管９８と間の熱抵抗が、バッテリ３０と他の多穴管９７（第１中間多穴管９７ａ、第２中間多穴管９７ｂ、および入口多穴管９７ｄの各々）との間の熱抵抗よりも大きくされている。 The fifth embodiment is characterized by a heat conductive sheet that is in close contact with the heat exchange surface of the battery 30 and the heat exchange surface of the heat exchanger 90. As shown in FIG. 10, a heat conductive sheet 43 is provided between the outlet multi-hole pipe 98 and the battery 30. Heat is generated between the battery 30 and other multi-hole pipes 97 (first intermediate multi-hole pipe 97a, second intermediate multi-hole pipe 97b, and inlet multi-hole pipe 97d) among the plurality of multi-hole pipes. A conductive sheet 44 is provided. The thermal conductivity of the thermally conductive sheet 43 is smaller than that of the thermally conductive sheet 44. As a result, the thermal resistance between the battery 30 and the outlet multi-hole tube 98 is lower than that of the battery 30 and the other multi-hole tubes 97 (the first intermediate multi-hole tube 97a, the second intermediate multi-hole tube 97b, and the inlet multi-hole tube 97d). each) is greater than the thermal resistance between them.
　この実施の形態５では、出口ヘッダ９５に接続される下流側の多穴管である出口多穴管９８とバッテリ３０との間の熱抵抗が、他の多穴管９７（第１中間多穴管９７ａ、第２中間多穴管９７ｂ、および入口多穴管９７ｄの各々）とバッテリ３０との間の熱抵抗より大きくされている。このため、出口多穴管９８からバッテリ３０（単電池３１）へ伝達される熱量が、他の多穴管９７（第１中間多穴管９７ａ、第２中間多穴管９７ｂ、および入口多穴管９７ｄ）の各々からバッテリ３０へ伝達される熱量より小さくなる。したがって、出口多穴管９８を流れる冷媒の流路に液領域があっても、出口多穴管９８から伝達される熱量を小さくできる。その結果、実施の形態２と同様に、バッテリ３０の温度分布が不均一になることを抑制できる。 In this fifth embodiment, the thermal resistance between the battery 30 and the outlet multi-hole pipe 98, which is the downstream multi-hole pipe connected to the outlet header 95, is different from that of the other multi-hole pipe 97 (the first intermediate multi-hole pipe). The thermal resistance is greater than that between the battery 30 and each of the tube 97a, the second intermediate multihole tube 97b, and the inlet multihole tube 97d. Therefore, the amount of heat transferred from the outlet multi-hole pipe 98 to the battery 30 (single cell 31) is transferred to the other multi-hole pipes 97 (the first intermediate multi-hole pipe 97a, the second intermediate multi-hole pipe 97b, and the inlet multi-hole pipe). This is smaller than the amount of heat transferred from each of the tubes 97d) to the battery 30. Therefore, even if there is a liquid region in the flow path of the refrigerant flowing through the outlet multi-hole pipe 98, the amount of heat transferred from the outlet multi-hole pipe 98 can be reduced. As a result, as in the second embodiment, it is possible to suppress the temperature distribution of the battery 30 from becoming non-uniform.
　なお、出口多穴管９８の材質と他の多穴管９７（第１中間多穴管９７ａ、第２中間多穴管９７ｂ、および入口多穴管９７ｄの各々）の材質とを異ならせ、出口多穴管９８の熱伝導率を、他の多穴管９７の熱伝導率より小さくしてもよい。これにより、出口多穴管９８とバッテリ３０との間の熱抵抗が、他の多穴管９７（第１中間多穴管９７ａ、第２中間多穴管９７ｂ、および入口多穴管９７ｄの各々）とバッテリ３０との間の熱抵抗より大きくなる。 Note that the material of the outlet multihole pipe 98 and the material of the other multihole pipes 97 (each of the first intermediate multihole pipe 97a, the second intermediate multihole pipe 97b, and the inlet multihole pipe 97d) are made different, and the outlet The thermal conductivity of the multi-hole tube 98 may be lower than the thermal conductivity of the other multi-hole tubes 97. As a result, the thermal resistance between the outlet multi-hole pipe 98 and the battery 30 is lower than that of each of the other multi-hole pipes 97 (the first intermediate multi-hole pipe 97a, the second intermediate multi-hole pipe 97b, and the inlet multi-hole pipe 97d). ) and the battery 30.
　実施の形態５の熱交換器９０において、第２中間多穴管９７ｂの冷媒流路を流れる冷媒の流路に液領域が発生する場合には、出口多穴管９８とバッテリ３０との間の熱抵抗に加えて、第２中間多穴管９７ｂとバッテリ３０との間の熱抵抗を、バッテリ３０と他の多穴管（第１中間多穴管９７ａ、および入口多穴管９７ｄの各々）との間の熱抵抗より大きくしてもよい。この場合、第１中間多穴管９７ａおよび入口多穴管９７ｄが、本開示の「他の多穴管」に相当する。 In the heat exchanger 90 of the fifth embodiment, when a liquid region occurs in the refrigerant flow path of the second intermediate multi-hole pipe 97b, the gap between the outlet multi-hole pipe 98 and the battery 30 In addition to the thermal resistance, the thermal resistance between the second intermediate multi-hole pipe 97b and the battery 30 is determined by comparing the thermal resistance between the battery 30 and the other multi-hole pipes (the first intermediate multi-hole pipe 97a and the inlet multi-hole pipe 97d). It may be greater than the thermal resistance between the In this case, the first intermediate multi-hole pipe 97a and the inlet multi-hole pipe 97d correspond to "another multi-hole pipe" of the present disclosure.
　［実施の形態６］
　図１１は、実施の形態６における熱交換器９０の上面視である。なお、実施の形態６において、冷凍サイクル１０およびバッテリ３０は、実施の形態１のそれらと同様である。熱交換器９０は、実施の形態４と同様であるが、実施の形態６の説明の便宜上、実施の形態４における出口多穴管９７ｃを出口多穴管９８として記載する。 [Embodiment 6]
FIG. 11 is a top view of the heat exchanger 90 in the sixth embodiment. Note that in the sixth embodiment, the refrigeration cycle 10 and battery 30 are the same as those in the first embodiment. Heat exchanger 90 is the same as that in Embodiment 4, but for convenience of explanation of Embodiment 6, outlet multi-hole pipe 97c in Embodiment 4 will be described as outlet multi-hole pipe 98.
　実施の形態６では、バッテリ３０の熱交換面と熱交換器９０の熱交換面とに密着する熱伝導シートに特徴がある。図１１に示すように、入口多穴管９６とバッテリ３０との間には、熱伝導シート４５が設けられている。出口多穴管９８とバッテリ３０との間にも、熱伝導シート４５が設けられている。複数の多穴管のうちの他の多穴管９７（第１中間多穴管９７ａ、および第２中間多穴管９７ｂの各々）とバッテリ３０との間には、熱伝導シート４６が設けられる。熱伝導シート４５の熱伝導率は、熱伝導シート４６の熱伝導率より小さくされている。これにより、バッテリ３０と入口多穴管９６との間の熱抵抗、および、バッテリ３０と出口多穴管９８との間の熱抵抗の双方が、バッテリ３０と他の多穴管９７（第１中間多穴管９７ａ、および第２中間多穴管９７ｂの各々）との間の熱抵抗よりも大きくされている。 The sixth embodiment is characterized by a heat conductive sheet that is in close contact with the heat exchange surface of the battery 30 and the heat exchange surface of the heat exchanger 90. As shown in FIG. 11, a heat conductive sheet 45 is provided between the inlet multi-hole tube 96 and the battery 30. A heat conductive sheet 45 is also provided between the outlet multi-hole pipe 98 and the battery 30. A thermally conductive sheet 46 is provided between the battery 30 and other multi-hole pipes 97 (each of the first intermediate multi-hole pipe 97a and the second intermediate multi-hole pipe 97b) among the plurality of multi-hole pipes. . The thermal conductivity of the thermally conductive sheet 45 is made smaller than that of the thermally conductive sheet 46. As a result, both the thermal resistance between the battery 30 and the inlet multi-hole tube 96 and the thermal resistance between the battery 30 and the outlet multi-hole tube 98 are reduced between the battery 30 and the other multi-hole tube 97 (first The thermal resistance between the intermediate multi-hole pipe 97a and each of the second intermediate multi-hole pipe 97b is made larger than that between the intermediate multi-hole pipe 97a and the second intermediate multi-hole pipe 97b.
　この実施の形態６では、入口ヘッダ９１に接続される上流側の多穴管である入口多穴管９６とバッテリ３０との間の熱抵抗、および、出口ヘッダ９５に接続される下流側の多穴管である出口多穴管９８とバッテリ３０との間の熱抵抗の双方が、他の多穴管９７（第１中間多穴管９７ａ、および第２中間多穴管９７ｂの各々）とバッテリ３０との間の熱抵抗より大きくされている。このため、入口多穴管９６からバッテリ３０へ伝達される熱量、および、出口多穴管９８からバッテリ３０へ伝達される熱量の双方が、他の多穴管９７（第１中間多穴管９７ａ、および第２中間多穴管９７ｂ）の各々からバッテリ３０へ伝達される熱量よりも小さくなる。したがって、入口多穴管９６を流れる冷媒の流路にガス領域があり、かつ、出口多穴管９８を流れる冷媒の流路に液領域があっても、実施の形態３と同様に、バッテリ３０の温度分布が不均一になることを、抑制できる。 In this sixth embodiment, the thermal resistance between the inlet multi-hole pipe 96 which is the upstream multi-hole pipe connected to the inlet header 91 and the battery 30, and the thermal resistance between the battery 30 and the downstream multi-hole pipe connected to the outlet header 95 are determined. The thermal resistance between the outlet multi-hole pipe 98, which is a hole pipe, and the battery 30 is the same as that of the other multi-hole pipe 97 (each of the first intermediate multi-hole pipe 97a and the second intermediate multi-hole pipe 97b) and the battery. The thermal resistance is greater than 30. Therefore, both the amount of heat transferred from the inlet multi-hole tube 96 to the battery 30 and the amount of heat transferred from the outlet multi-hole tube 98 to the battery 30 are transferred to the other multi-hole tube 97 (the first intermediate multi-hole tube 97a). , and the second intermediate multi-hole tube 97b). Therefore, even if there is a gas region in the flow path of the refrigerant flowing through the inlet multi-hole pipe 96 and a liquid region in the flow path of the refrigerant flowing through the outlet multi-hole pipe 98, the battery 30 It is possible to prevent the temperature distribution from becoming non-uniform.
　なお、入口多穴管９６および出口多穴管９８の材質と、他の多穴管９７（第１中間多穴管９７ａ、および第２中間多穴管９７ｂの各々）の材質とを異ならせ、入口多穴管９６および出口多穴管９８の熱伝導率を、他の多穴管９７の熱伝導率より小さくしてもよい。これにより、入口多穴管９６とバッテリとの間の熱抵抗、および、出口多穴管９８とバッテリ３０との間の熱抵抗の双方が、他の多穴管９７（第１中間多穴管９７ａ、および第２中間多穴管９７ｂの各々）とバッテリ３０との間の熱抵抗より大きくなるようにしてもよい。 Note that the materials of the inlet multi-hole pipe 96 and the outlet multi-hole pipe 98 are made different from the materials of the other multi-hole pipes 97 (each of the first intermediate multi-hole pipe 97a and the second intermediate multi-hole pipe 97b), The thermal conductivity of the inlet multi-hole tube 96 and the outlet multi-hole tube 98 may be lower than the thermal conductivity of the other multi-hole tube 97. As a result, both the thermal resistance between the inlet multi-hole pipe 96 and the battery and the thermal resistance between the outlet multi-hole pipe 98 and the battery 30 are lower than that of the other multi-hole pipe 97 (the first intermediate multi-hole pipe). 97a and the second intermediate multi-hole tube 97b) and the battery 30.
　実施の形態６において、熱交換器９０の冷媒流路を流れる冷媒のガス領域あるいは液領域の発生状態に応じて、実施の形態４および実施の形態５と同様に、入口多穴管９６あるいは出口多穴管９８とバッテリ３０との間の熱抵抗に加えて、第１中間多穴管９７ａあるいは第２中間多穴管９７ｂとバッテリ３０との間の熱抵抗を大きくするようにしてもよい。 In the sixth embodiment, the inlet multi-hole pipe 96 or the outlet multi-hole pipe 96 or the outlet multi-hole pipe 96 or In addition to the thermal resistance between the multi-hole tube 98 and the battery 30, the thermal resistance between the first intermediate multi-hole tube 97a or the second intermediate multi-hole tube 97b and the battery 30 may be increased.
　上記実施の形態では、３個の中間ヘッダが設けられた例を説明したが、中間ヘッダの数は、２個であってよく、４個以上であってもよい。熱交換器をバッテリ３０の側面、あるいは、上面に配置してもよい。 Although the above embodiment describes an example in which three intermediate headers are provided, the number of intermediate headers may be two, or may be four or more. The heat exchanger may be placed on the side or top of the battery 30.
　本開示における実施態様を例示すると、次のような態様を例示できる。
　１）冷凍サイクル（１０）における凝縮熱を用いてバッテリ（３０）を暖機する、バッテリの暖機システム（１）であって、暖機システムは、バッテリ（３０）と熱交換を行う熱交換器（５０等）を備え、熱交換器（５０等）は、冷凍サイクル（１０）の冷媒が流入する入口ヘッダ（５１等）と、冷媒が流出する出口ヘッダ（５５等）と、冷媒の流路において入口ヘッダ（５１等）と出口ヘッダ（５５等）との間に配置された複数の中間ヘッダ（５２、５３等）と、複数の多穴管とを含み、複数の中間ヘッダ（５２、５３等）の各々は、冷媒の流れ方向を反転するように構成されており、複数の多穴管は、入口ヘッダ（５１）と、複数の中間ヘッダ（５２、５３等）のうちの第１中間ヘッダ（５２）とに接続され、入口ヘッダ（５１）に流入する冷媒を流通させるとともにバッテリ（３０）と熱交換を行う入口多穴管（５６等）と、複数の中間ヘッダ（５２、５３等）のうち２つの中間ヘッダの間に配置され、冷媒を流通させるとともにバッテリ（３０）と熱交換を行う中間多穴管（５７ａ、５７ｂ等）と、複数の中間ヘッダ（５２、５３等）のうち入口多穴管（５６等）に接続されない第２中間ヘッダ（５４）と、出口ヘッダ（５５等）とに接続され、冷媒を流通させるとともにバッテリ（３０）と熱交換を行う出口多穴管（５７ｃ等）と、を含み、冷媒のガス領域がある多穴管の単位熱交換面積、あるいは、冷媒の液領域がある多穴管の単位熱交換面積が、冷媒が気液二相状態である領域の多穴管の単位熱交換面積より小さい、バッテリの暖機システム。 Examples of embodiments of the present disclosure include the following aspects.
1) A battery warm-up system (1) that warms up a battery (30) using condensed heat in a refrigeration cycle (10), the warm-up system being a heat exchanger that exchanges heat with the battery (30). The heat exchanger (50, etc.) includes an inlet header (51, etc.) into which the refrigerant of the refrigeration cycle (10) flows, an outlet header (55, etc.) through which the refrigerant flows out, and a heat exchanger (50, etc.). A plurality of intermediate headers (52, 53, etc.) disposed between an inlet header (51, etc.) and an outlet header (55, etc.) in the channel, and a plurality of multi-hole pipes; 53, etc.) are configured to reverse the flow direction of the refrigerant, and the plurality of multi-hole tubes are connected to the inlet header (51) and the first of the plurality of intermediate headers (52, 53, etc.). An inlet multi-hole pipe (56, etc.) connected to the intermediate header (52), which allows the refrigerant flowing into the inlet header (51) to flow and exchanges heat with the battery (30), and a plurality of intermediate headers (52, 53). intermediate multi-hole pipes (57a, 57b, etc.) that are disposed between two intermediate headers among the intermediate headers (57a, 57b, etc.) for circulating refrigerant and exchanging heat with the battery (30), and a plurality of intermediate headers (52, 53, etc.). Among them, a second intermediate header (54) that is not connected to the inlet multi-hole pipe (56, etc.) and an outlet multi-hole that is connected to the outlet header (55, etc.) to circulate the refrigerant and exchange heat with the battery (30). The unit heat exchange area of a multi-hole pipe with a refrigerant gas region, or the unit heat exchange area of a multi-hole pipe with a refrigerant liquid region, is when the refrigerant is in a gas-liquid two-phase state. The area of the battery warm-up system is smaller than the unit heat exchange area of the multi-hole tube.
　２）冷凍サイクル（１０）における凝縮熱を用いてバッテリ（３０）を暖機する、バッテリの暖機システム（１）であって、暖機システム（１）は、バッテリ（３０）と熱交換を行う熱交換器（５０等）を備え、熱交換器（５０等）は、冷凍サイクル（１０）の冷媒が流入する入口ヘッダ（９１）と、冷媒が流出する出口ヘッダ（９５）と、冷媒の流路において入口ヘッダ（９１）と出口ヘッダ（９５）との間に配置された複数の中間ヘッダ（９２、９３等）と、複数の多穴管とを含み、複数の中間ヘッダ（９２、９３等）の各々は、冷媒の流れ方向を反転するように構成されており、複数の多穴管は、入口ヘッダ（９１）と、複数の中間ヘッダ（９２、９３等）のうちの第１中間ヘッダ（９２）とに接続され、入口ヘッダ（９１）に流入する冷媒を流通させるとともにバッテリ（３０）と熱交換を行う入口多穴管（９６等）と、複数の中間ヘッダ（９２、９３等）のうち２つの中間ヘッダの間に配置され、冷媒を流通させるとともにバッテリ（３０）と熱交換を行う中間多穴管（９７ａ、９７ｂ）と、複数の中間ヘッダ（９２、９３等）のうち入口多穴管（９６等）に接続されない第２中間ヘッダ（９４）と、出口ヘッダ（９５）とに接続され、冷媒を流通させるとともにバッテリ（３０）と熱交換を行う出口多穴管（９８等）と、を含み、冷媒のガス領域がある多穴管とバッテリ（３０）との間の熱抵抗、あるいは、冷媒の液領域がある多穴管とバッテリ（３０）との間の熱抵抗が、冷媒が気液二相状態である領域の多穴管とバッテリ（３０）との間の熱抵抗より大きい、バッテリの暖機システム。 2) A battery warm-up system (1) that warms up the battery (30) using condensed heat in the refrigeration cycle (10), the warm-up system (1) exchanging heat with the battery (30). The heat exchanger (50, etc.) has an inlet header (91) into which the refrigerant of the refrigeration cycle (10) flows, an outlet header (95) through which the refrigerant flows out, and an outlet header (95) in which the refrigerant flows. The plurality of intermediate headers (92, 93, etc.) include a plurality of intermediate headers (92, 93, etc.) disposed between the inlet header (91) and the outlet header (95) in the flow path, and a plurality of multi-hole pipes. etc.) are configured to reverse the flow direction of the refrigerant, and the plurality of multi-hole tubes are arranged between the inlet header (91) and a first intermediate header (92, 93, etc.) of the plurality of intermediate headers (92, 93, etc.). An inlet multi-hole tube (96, etc.) connected to the header (92), which circulates the refrigerant flowing into the inlet header (91) and exchanges heat with the battery (30), and a plurality of intermediate headers (92, 93, etc.). ) among the two intermediate headers (97a, 97b) for circulating refrigerant and exchanging heat with the battery (30); A second intermediate header (94) that is not connected to the inlet multi-hole pipe (96, etc.) and an outlet multi-hole pipe (98) that is connected to the outlet header (95), allows the refrigerant to flow, and exchanges heat with the battery (30). etc.), the thermal resistance between the multi-hole tube with a gas region of refrigerant and the battery (30), or the thermal resistance between the multi-hole tube with a liquid region of refrigerant and the battery (30). is larger than the thermal resistance between the multi-hole tube and the battery (30) in a region where the refrigerant is in a gas-liquid two-phase state.
　今回開示された実施の形態はすべての点で例示であって制限的なものではないと考えられるべきである。本開示の範囲は上記した説明ではなくて請求の範囲によって示され、請求の範囲と均等の意味および範囲内でのすべての変更が含まれることが意図される。 The embodiments disclosed this time should be considered to be illustrative in all respects and not restrictive. The scope of the present disclosure is indicated by the claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that equivalent meanings and all changes within the scope of the claims are included.
　１　暖機システム、１０　冷凍サイクル、１１　圧縮機、１２　凝縮器、１３　膨張弁、１４　蒸発器、１５　気液分離器、２０　冷媒流路、３０　バッテリ（組電池）、３１　単電池、４０，４１，４２，４３，４４，４５，４６　熱伝導シート、５０，６０，７０，８０，９０　熱交換器、５１，６１，７１，８１，９１　入口ヘッダ、５２，６２，７２，８２，９２　中間ヘッダ、５３，６３，７３，８３，９３　中間ヘッダ、５４，６４，７４，８４，９４　中間ヘッダ、５５，６５，７５，８５，９５　出口ヘッダ、５６，８６，９６　入口多穴管、７６，８８，９８　出口多穴管、５７，７７，８７，９７　他の多穴管。 1 warm-up system, 10 refrigeration cycle, 11 compressor, 12 condenser, 13 expansion valve, 14 evaporator, 15 gas-liquid separator, 20 refrigerant flow path, 30 battery (battery assembly), 31 cell, 40, 41 , 42, 43, 44, 45, 46 Heat conductive sheet, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 Heat exchanger, 51, 61, 71, 81, 91 Inlet header, 52, 62, 72, 82, 92 Intermediate header , 53, 63, 73, 83, 93 Intermediate header, 54, 64, 74, 84, 94 Intermediate header, 55, 65, 75, 85, 95 Outlet header, 56, 86, 96 Inlet multi-hole pipe, 76, 88 , 98 Outlet multi-hole pipe, 57, 77, 87, 97 Other multi-hole pipe.

Claims (4)

  1. 　冷凍サイクルにおける凝縮熱を用いてバッテリを暖機する、バッテリの暖機システムであって、
    　前記バッテリと熱交換を行う熱交換器を備え、
    　前記熱交換器は、
    　　前記冷凍サイクルの冷媒が流入する入口ヘッダと、
    　　前記冷媒が流出する出口ヘッダと、
    　　前記冷媒の流路において前記入口ヘッダと前記出口ヘッダとの間に配置された複数の中間ヘッダと、
    　　複数の多穴管とを含み、
    　前記複数の中間ヘッダの各々は、前記冷媒の流れ方向を反転するように構成されており、
    　前記複数の多穴管は、
    　　前記入口ヘッダと、前記複数の中間ヘッダのうちの第１中間ヘッダとに接続され、前記入口ヘッダに流入する前記冷媒を流通させるとともに前記バッテリと熱交換を行う入口多穴管と、
    　　前記複数の中間ヘッダのうち２つの中間ヘッダの間に配置され、前記冷媒を流通させるとともに前記バッテリと熱交換を行う中間多穴管と、
    　　前記複数の中間ヘッダのうち前記入口多穴管に接続されない第２中間ヘッダと、前記出口ヘッダとに接続され、前記冷媒を流通させるとともに前記バッテリと熱交換を行う出口多穴管と、を含み、
    　前記複数の多穴管の各々に対して、当該多穴管の単位長さ当たりの熱交換面積を単位熱交換面積としたとき、
    　前記入口多穴管を含む少なくとも１つの上流側の多穴管の各々の前記単位熱交換面積である上流単位熱交換面積、あるいは、前記出口多穴管を含む少なくとも１つの下流側の多穴管の各々の前記単位熱交換面積である下流側単位熱交換面積の少なくとも一方が、前記複数の多穴管のうちの他の多穴管の前記単位熱交換面積より小さい、バッテリの暖機システム。     A battery warming-up system that warms up a battery using condensed heat in a refrigeration cycle,
    comprising a heat exchanger that exchanges heat with the battery,
    The heat exchanger is
    an inlet header into which the refrigerant of the refrigeration cycle flows;
    an outlet header through which the refrigerant flows out;
    a plurality of intermediate headers arranged between the inlet header and the outlet header in the refrigerant flow path;
    including a plurality of multi-hole tubes;
    Each of the plurality of intermediate headers is configured to reverse the flow direction of the refrigerant,
    The plurality of multi-hole tubes are
    an inlet multi-hole tube that is connected to the inlet header and a first intermediate header of the plurality of intermediate headers, and that circulates the refrigerant flowing into the inlet header and exchanges heat with the battery;
    an intermediate multi-hole pipe disposed between two intermediate headers among the plurality of intermediate headers, which circulates the refrigerant and exchanges heat with the battery;
    A second intermediate header that is not connected to the inlet multi-hole pipe among the plurality of intermediate headers, and an outlet multi-hole pipe that is connected to the outlet header, allows the refrigerant to flow therethrough, and exchanges heat with the battery. ,
    For each of the plurality of multi-hole pipes, when the heat exchange area per unit length of the multi-hole pipe is defined as the unit heat exchange area,
    an upstream unit heat exchange area that is the unit heat exchange area of each of at least one upstream multihole pipe including the inlet multihole pipe; or at least one downstream multihole pipe including the outlet multihole pipe; A battery warm-up system, wherein at least one of the unit heat exchange areas on the downstream side, which is the unit heat exchange area of each of the unit heat exchange areas, is smaller than the unit heat exchange area of other multi-hole pipes among the plurality of multi-hole pipes.
  2. 　冷凍サイクルにおける凝縮熱を用いてバッテリを暖機する、バッテリの暖機システムであって、
    　前記バッテリと熱交換を行う熱交換器を備え、
    　前記熱交換器は、
    　　前記冷凍サイクルの冷媒が流入する入口ヘッダと、
    　　前記冷媒が流出する出口ヘッダと、
    　　前記冷媒の流路において前記入口ヘッダと前記出口ヘッダとの間に配置された複数の中間ヘッダと、
    　　複数の多穴管とを含み、
    　前記複数の中間ヘッダの各々は、前記冷媒の流れ方向を反転するように構成されており、
    　前記複数の多穴管は、
    　　前記入口ヘッダと、前記複数の中間ヘッダのうちの第１中間ヘッダとに接続され、前記入口ヘッダに流入する前記冷媒を流通させるとともに前記バッテリと熱交換を行う入口多穴管と、
    　　前記複数の中間ヘッダのうち２つの中間ヘッダの間に配置され、前記冷媒を流通させるとともに前記バッテリと熱交換を行う中間多穴管と、
    　　前記複数の中間ヘッダのうち前記入口多穴管に接続されない第２中間ヘッダと、前記出口ヘッダとに接続され、前記冷媒を流通させるとともに前記バッテリと熱交換を行う出口多穴管と、を含み、
    　前記複数の多穴管のうち、前記入口多穴管を含む少なくとも１つの上流側の多穴管の各々と前記バッテリとの間の熱抵抗、あるいは、前記出口多穴管を含む少なくとも１つの下流側の多穴管の各々と前記バッテリとの間の熱抵抗の少なくとも一方が、前記複数の多穴管のうちの他の多穴管と前記バッテリとの間の熱抵抗より大きい、バッテリの暖機システム。     A battery warming-up system that warms up a battery using condensed heat in a refrigeration cycle,
    comprising a heat exchanger that exchanges heat with the battery,
    The heat exchanger is
    an inlet header into which the refrigerant of the refrigeration cycle flows;
    an outlet header through which the refrigerant flows out;
    a plurality of intermediate headers arranged between the inlet header and the outlet header in the refrigerant flow path;
    including a plurality of multi-hole tubes;
    Each of the plurality of intermediate headers is configured to reverse the flow direction of the refrigerant,
    The plurality of multi-hole tubes are
    an inlet multi-hole tube that is connected to the inlet header and a first intermediate header of the plurality of intermediate headers, and that circulates the refrigerant flowing into the inlet header and exchanges heat with the battery;
    an intermediate multi-hole pipe disposed between two intermediate headers among the plurality of intermediate headers, which circulates the refrigerant and exchanges heat with the battery;
    A second intermediate header that is not connected to the inlet multi-hole pipe among the plurality of intermediate headers, and an outlet multi-hole pipe that is connected to the outlet header, allows the refrigerant to flow therethrough, and exchanges heat with the battery. ,
    Thermal resistance between at least one upstream multihole pipe including the inlet multihole pipe among the plurality of multihole pipes and the battery, or at least one downstream multihole pipe including the outlet multihole pipe At least one of the thermal resistances between each of the side multi-hole tubes and the battery is larger than the thermal resistance between the other multi-hole tubes of the plurality of multi-hole tubes and the battery. machine system.
  3. 　前記バッテリと前記熱交換器との間に設けられた熱伝導シートをさらに備え、
    　前記入口多穴管を含む少なくとも１つの上流側の多穴管の各々と前記バッテリとの間、あるいは、前記出口多穴管を含む少なくとも１つの下流側の多穴管の各々と前記バッテリとの間の前記熱伝導シートの熱伝導率が、前記複数の多穴管のうちの他の多穴管と前記バッテリとの間の前記熱伝導シートの熱伝導率よりも小さい、請求項２に記載のバッテリの暖機システム。     further comprising a heat conductive sheet provided between the battery and the heat exchanger,
    between each of at least one upstream multi-hole pipe including the inlet multi-hole pipe and the battery, or between each of at least one downstream multi-hole pipe including the outlet multi-hole pipe and the battery; According to claim 2, the thermal conductivity of the thermal conductive sheet between the battery and the other multi-hole pipe of the plurality of multi-hole pipes is smaller than the thermal conductivity of the thermal conductive sheet between the battery and the other multi-hole pipe of the plurality of multi-hole pipes. battery warming system.
  4. 　前記他の多穴管を流通する前記冷媒は、気液二相状態である、請求項１から請求項３のいずれか一項に記載のバッテリの暖機システム。 The battery warm-up system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the refrigerant flowing through the other multi-hole pipe is in a gas-liquid two-phase state.
PCT/JP2023/017733 2022-07-28 2023-05-11 Warming up system for battery WO2024024211A1 (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009259785A (en) * 2008-03-24 2009-11-05 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd Battery device
JP2016035378A (en) * 2014-08-04 2016-03-17 ヴァレオ システム テルミク Heat exchanger and thermal management device corresponding to the same
WO2020179651A1 (en) * 2019-03-01 2020-09-10 株式会社ヴァレオジャパン Cooling module for cooling vehicle battery
JP2021027045A (en) * 2019-08-08 2021-02-22 株式会社Ｓｏｋｅｎ Temperature adjustment apparatus
JP2021051894A (en) * 2019-09-25 2021-04-01 株式会社ヴァレオジャパン Battery cooling device and battery cooling structure

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009259785A (en) * 2008-03-24 2009-11-05 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd Battery device
JP2016035378A (en) * 2014-08-04 2016-03-17 ヴァレオ システム テルミク Heat exchanger and thermal management device corresponding to the same
WO2020179651A1 (en) * 2019-03-01 2020-09-10 株式会社ヴァレオジャパン Cooling module for cooling vehicle battery
JP2021027045A (en) * 2019-08-08 2021-02-22 株式会社Ｓｏｋｅｎ Temperature adjustment apparatus
JP2021051894A (en) * 2019-09-25 2021-04-01 株式会社ヴァレオジャパン Battery cooling device and battery cooling structure

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