WO2024022158A1 - 通信方法及装置 - Google Patents

通信方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024022158A1
WO2024022158A1 PCT/CN2023/107883 CN2023107883W WO2024022158A1 WO 2024022158 A1 WO2024022158 A1 WO 2024022158A1 CN 2023107883 W CN2023107883 W CN 2023107883W WO 2024022158 A1 WO2024022158 A1 WO 2024022158A1
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Prior art keywords
sending time
packet sending
tsn
duration
delay
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PCT/CN2023/107883
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙海洋
李岩
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华为技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2024022158A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024022158A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/02—Arrangements for optimising operational condition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/08—Testing, supervising or monitoring using real traffic

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communication, and more specifically, to a communication method and device.
  • TSN time-sensitive network
  • access network equipment and user plane network elements can serve as the sender or receiver of TSN streams
  • the fifth generation system (5th generation) can serve as the centralized network configuration function in TSN.
  • the control plane network element binds the TSN flow transmitted between the access network device and the user plane network element to a quality of service (QoS) flow.
  • QoS quality of service
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a communication method and communication device, in order to enable the transmission of TSN streams in the scenario of interoperability between a time-sensitive network (TSN) and a 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP).
  • TSN time-sensitive network
  • 3GPP 3rd generation partnership project
  • a communication method is provided, which method can be executed by a centralized user configuration function, or can also be executed by a component (such as a chip or circuit) of the centralized user configuration function.
  • a component such as a chip or circuit
  • the following takes the execution of the centralized configuration function as an example.
  • the method includes: the centralized user configuration function determines the TSN flow allowed for transmission between the access network device and the user plane network element based on the core network (CN) packet delay budget (PDB) and cache duration.
  • the maximum delay shall not exceed the difference obtained by subtracting the cache duration from the CN PDB;
  • the access network device is the sender of the TSN stream, and the user plane network element is the receiver of the TSN stream, Alternatively, the access network device is the receiving end of the TSN flow, and the user plane network element is the sending end of the TSN flow;
  • the centralized user configuration function sends the first delay information to the centralized network configuration function, and the first The delay information indicates the maximum delay;
  • the centralized user configuration function receives the first configuration information from the centralized network configuration function, the first configuration information indicates the packet sending time of the sending end of the TSN flow, the first configuration information indicates The packet sending time is determined based on the maximum delay;
  • the centralized user configuration function sends the first configuration information to the sending end of the TSN stream.
  • the centralized user configuration function sends the first delay information to the centralized network configuration function, so that the centralized network configuration function can obtain the maximum delay allowed by the sender of the TSN stream based on the first delay information. Furthermore, the centralized network configuration function can determine the packet sending time that meets the delay requirements based on the maximum delay allowed by the sender of the TSN stream, that is, when the sender of the TSN stream sends a data frame based on the packet sending time, the data frame is in the TSN The transmission delay between the sender of the stream and the receiver of the TSN stream shall not exceed the maximum delay allowed for the TSN stream.
  • the maximum allowed delay of the TSN flow indicated by the first delay information does not exceed the difference obtained by subtracting the cache duration from the CN PDB, so that the end-to-end delay between the terminal device and the user plane network element can also be satisfied. . This is because, based on the delay requirement of the maximum delay allowed by the TSN stream, the maximum transmission duration of the data frame between the sender and the receiver of the TSN stream is equal to the maximum delay allowed by the TSN stream.
  • the maximum transmission delay of the data frame between the sender and the receiver of the TSN stream is equal to the sum of the maximum delay allowed by the TSN stream and the cache duration, that is Say, dataframe
  • the transmission delay between the sender and receiver of the TSN stream does not exceed the CN PDB. In this case, the end-to-end delay between the terminal device and the user plane network element can be satisfied.
  • the method further includes: the centralized user plane configuration function determines the cache duration, and the cache duration includes: the actual cache of the data frame cached by the sender of the TSN stream Duration, or the maximum possible buffering duration of data frames cached by the sender of this TSN stream.
  • the centralized user configuration function can determine the actual cache duration and determine the maximum delay based on the actual cache duration. Therefore, the centralized user configuration function will not determine the maximum delay that is too small, thereby avoiding insufficient transmission network capacity. to meet the maximum delay.
  • a centralized user configuration function can determine the maximum possible cache duration and determine the maximum latency based on the maximum possible cache duration. Furthermore, when the centralized network configuration function determines the packet sending time of the TSN flow based on the maximum delay, no matter what time the packet sending time is determined by the centralized network configuration function, the delay between the sender and the receiver of the TSN flow, the terminal device The end-to-end delay with user plane network elements can be met.
  • the cache duration includes the possible maximum cache duration
  • the centralized user plane configuration function determines the cache duration, including: the centralized user configuration function determines the possible cache duration.
  • the maximum cache duration is the difference between the latest packet sending time allowed by the sender of the TSN flow and the earliest packet sending time allowed by the sender of the TSN flow.
  • the cache duration includes the maximum cache duration
  • the centralized user plane configuration function determines the cache duration, including: the centralized user configuration function determines the possible maximum
  • the cache duration is the smaller of the following two durations: the difference between the latest packet sending time allowed by the sender of the TSN flow and the earliest packet sending time allowed by the sender of the TSN flow.
  • the sender of the TSN flow supports The maximum cache duration.
  • the cache duration includes the actual cache duration
  • the method further includes: the centralized user configuration function receives the second configuration information from the centralized network configuration function, The second configuration information indicates the packet sending time of the sender of the TSN stream; the centralized user configuration function determines the cache duration, including: the centralized user configuration function determines that the actual cache duration is the packet sending time indicated by the second configuration information and The length of time difference between the earliest contract delivery times.
  • the method further includes: the centralized user configuration function based on The actual cache duration of the CN PDB and the update determines the maximum delay allowed by the TSN stream after the update. The maximum delay after the update does not exceed the difference obtained by subtracting the actual cache duration of the update from the CN PDB.
  • the update The actual cache duration is the difference between the packet sending time indicated by the first configuration information and the earliest packet sending time; the centralized user configuration function sends second delay information to the centralized network configuration function, and the second delay The information indicates the maximum delay after the update; the centralized user configuration function receives third configuration information from the centralized network configuration information, the third configuration information indicates the packet sending time of the sending end of the TSN flow, the third configuration information The indicated packet sending time is determined based on the updated maximum delay; the centralized user configuration function sends the third configuration information to the sending end of the TSN stream.
  • the actual cache duration of the update is greater than the actual cache duration.
  • the packet sending time indicated by the first configuration information is the same as the packet sending time indicated by the second configuration information
  • the method further includes: the centralized user configuration function based on the The packet sending time indicated by the second configuration information sends first information to the centralized network configuration function.
  • the first information indicates the earliest packet sending time and the latest packet sending time.
  • the earliest packet sending time and the latest packet sending time are consistent with the second packet sending time.
  • the packet sending time indicated by the configuration information is the same.
  • the earliest packet sending time and the latest packet sending time indicated by the first information are the same as the packet sending time indicated by the second configuration information, so that the packet sending time of the sending end of the TSN flow determined by the centralized network configuration function based on the first information is the same as the packet sending time indicated by the second configuration information.
  • the packet sending time indicated by the two configuration information is the same, that is, the packet sending time indicated by the first configuration information is the same as the packet sending time indicated by the second configuration information.
  • the buffering time of the sender may be greater than the actual buffering time, which causes the transmission delay of the data frame between the sender and the receiver of the TSN stream to exceed the CN PDB, which in turn results in the inability to meet the end-to-end requirements between the terminal device and the user plane network element. time delay.
  • the endpoints between the sending end and the receiving end of the TSN flow, and the terminal equipment and the user plane network element can be guaranteed.
  • the end-to-end delay is satisfied.
  • the packet sending time indicated by the first configuration information is when the TSN stream is sent.
  • the method also includes: the centralized user configuration function sends a request to the centralized user based on the maximum buffering duration supported by the sending end of the TSN flow.
  • the network configuration function sends first information indicating the earliest packet sending time and the latest packet sending time. The difference between the latest packet sending time and the earliest packet sending time does not exceed the maximum supported by the sending end of the TSN stream. Cache duration.
  • the duration of buffering data frames by the sender of the TSN stream will not exceed the maximum buffer duration supported by the TSN stream, it is necessary to ensure that the latest packet sending time allowed by the sender of the TSN stream and the earliest packet sending time of the TSN stream must be ensured. If the time difference between the two does not exceed the maximum cache duration supported by the TSN stream, the determined latest packet sending time of the TSN stream is more reasonable.
  • the method further includes: the centralized user configuration function receiving capability information from the sending end of the TSN stream, the capability information indicating that the sending end of the TSN stream supports Maximum cache duration.
  • the centralized user configuration function determines the allowed time-sensitive network TSN flow transmitted between the access network device and the user plane network element based on the CN PDB and the cache duration.
  • the maximum delay includes: the centralized user configuration function determines the maximum delay based on the CN PDB, the cache duration and the residence time of the user plane network element. The maximum delay does not exceed the CN PDB minus the cache The difference between the duration and the sum of the dwell duration.
  • TSN when the maximum delay does not exceed the difference obtained by subtracting the sum of the cache duration and the dwell duration from the CN PDB, TSN can be enabled even if the dwell duration of the user plane network element is long.
  • the delay between the sender and receiver of the flow and the end-to-end delay between the terminal device and the user plane network element can be met.
  • a device which may be a centralized user configuration function or a component of the centralized user configuration function.
  • the device may include various modules or units for performing the first aspect and the method in any possible implementation of the first aspect.
  • a communication device including a processor.
  • the processor is coupled to the memory and can be used to execute instructions in the memory to implement the method in the above first aspect and any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.
  • the communication device also includes a memory.
  • the communication device further includes a communication interface, and the processor is coupled to the communication interface.
  • the communication device is a centralized user configuration function.
  • the communication interface may be a transceiver, or an input/output interface.
  • the communication device is a chip configured in a centralized user configuration function.
  • the communication interface may be an input/output interface.
  • the transceiver can be a transceiver circuit.
  • the input/output interface can be an input/output circuit.
  • a processor including: an input circuit, an output circuit and a processing circuit.
  • the processing circuit is configured to receive a signal through the input circuit and transmit a signal through the output circuit, so that the processor executes the method in any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.
  • the above-mentioned processor can be one or more chips
  • the input circuit can be an input pin
  • the output circuit can be an output pin
  • the processing circuit can be a transistor, a gate circuit, a flip-flop and various logic circuits, etc.
  • the input signal received by the input circuit may be received and input by, for example, but not limited to, the receiver, and the signal output by the output circuit may be, for example, but not limited to, output to and transmitted by the transmitter, and the input circuit and the output A circuit may be the same circuit that functions as an input circuit and an output circuit at different times.
  • the embodiments of this application do not limit the specific implementation methods of the processor and various circuits.
  • a processing device including a processor and a memory.
  • the processor is used to read instructions stored in the memory, and can receive signals through a receiver and transmit signals through a transmitter to execute the method in any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.
  • processors there are one or more processors and one or more memories.
  • the memory may be integrated with the processor, or the memory may be provided separately from the processor.
  • the memory can be a non-transitory memory, such as a read-only memory (ROM), which can be integrated on the same chip as the processor, or can be set in different On the chip, the embodiment of the present application does not limit the type of memory and the arrangement of the memory and the processor.
  • ROM read-only memory
  • relevant data interaction processes such as sending configuration information
  • receiving configuration information may be a process of receiving input configuration information by the processor.
  • the data output by the processor can be output to the transmitter, and the input data received by the processor can be from the receiver.
  • the transmitter and receiver can be collectively referred to as a transceiver.
  • the processing device in the above fifth aspect may be one or more chips.
  • the processor in the processing device can be implemented by hardware or software.
  • the processor can be a logic circuit, an integrated circuit, etc.; when implemented through software
  • the processor can be a general-purpose processor, which is implemented by reading the software code stored in the memory.
  • the memory can be integrated in the processor, or can be located outside the processor and exist independently.
  • a computer program product includes: a computer program (which may also be called a code, or an instruction).
  • a computer program which may also be called a code, or an instruction.
  • the computer program When the computer program is run, it causes the computer to execute any of the above-mentioned aspects of the first aspect. A method among possible implementations.
  • a computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program (which may also be called a code, or an instruction).
  • a computer program which may also be called a code, or an instruction.
  • a communication system including a centralized network configuration function and the aforementioned centralized user configuration function.
  • the centralized user configuration function is used to perform the above first aspect and any of the possible implementation methods of the first aspect. method in.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system suitable for the method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the TSN configuration model
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a network architecture suitable for the method provided by the embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the QoS model
  • Figure 5 is a schematic flow chart of the communication method provided by this application.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic flow chart of the communication method provided by this application.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic flow chart of the communication method provided by this application.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic block diagram of a communication device provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of a chip system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various communication systems, such as long term evolution (long term evolution, LTE) systems, frequency division duplex (FDD) systems, time division duplex (TDD) ) system, universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS), global interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) communication system, fifth generation (5th generation, 5G) system or new radio (new radio, NR), sixth generation (6G) system or future communication system, etc.
  • the 5G mobile communication system described in this application includes a non-standalone (NSA) 5G mobile communication system or a standalone (SA) 5G mobile communication system.
  • the communication system can also be a public land mobile network (PLMN), a device to device (D2D) communication system, a machine to machine (M2M) communication system, the Internet of things (Internet of things) , IoT) communication system, vehicle to everything (V2X) communication system, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication system or other communication systems.
  • PLMN public land mobile network
  • D2D device to device
  • M2M machine to machine
  • IoT Internet of things
  • V2X vehicle to everything
  • UAV unmanned aerial vehicle
  • At least one of the following or similar expressions thereof refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of a single item (items) or a plurality of items (items).
  • at least one of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c, a and b, a and c, b and c, or a and b and c, where a, b, c can be single or multiple.
  • words such as “first” and “second” are used to distinguish identical or similar items with basically the same functions and effects.
  • words such as “first” and “second” do not limit the number and execution order, and words such as “first” and “second” do not limit the number and execution order.
  • words such as “exemplarily” or “for example” are used to represent examples, illustrations or explanations. Any embodiment or design described in the embodiments of the application as “exemplarily” or “for example” should not be construed as being superior to other embodiments or designs. case is more preferred or advantageous. Rather, the use of words such as “exemplarily” or “for example” is intended to present related concepts in a concrete manner to facilitate understanding.
  • Figure 1 shows an application scenario applicable to the embodiment of this application.
  • User equipment can be called terminal equipment, terminal, access terminal, user unit, user station, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, wireless communication equipment , user agent or user device.
  • the terminal device may also be a cellular phone, a cordless phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless
  • SIP session initiation protocol
  • WLL wireless local loop
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • Access network Provides network access functions for authorized users in a specific area, and can use transmission tunnels of different qualities according to user levels, business needs, etc.
  • the access network may be an access network using different access technologies.
  • Current access network technologies include: wireless access network technology used in third generation (3G) systems, wireless access network technology used in fourth generation (4G) systems, or next-generation wireless Access network (next generation radio access network, NG-RAN) technology (such as the wireless access technology used in 5G systems, etc.).
  • An access network that implements access network functions based on wireless communication technology can be called a radio access network (RAN).
  • the wireless access network can manage wireless resources, provide access services to terminals, and complete the forwarding of control signals and user data between the terminals and the core network.
  • the wireless access network equipment may be, for example, a base station (NodeB), an evolved base station (evolved NodeB, eNB or eNodeB), a next generation base station node (next generation Node Base station, gNB) in a 5G mobile communication system, or a future mobile communication system.
  • the base station or the access point (AP) in the wifi wireless hotspot system, etc. can also be the wireless controller in the cloud wireless access network (cloud radio access network, CRAN) scenario, or the wireless access network equipment It can be relay stations, access points, vehicle-mounted equipment, drones, wearable devices, network equipment in 5G networks or network equipment in evolved PLMN, etc.
  • the embodiments of this application do not limit the specific technology and specific equipment form used by the wireless access network equipment.
  • Access management network element Mainly used for mobility management and access management, responsible for transmitting user policies between user equipment and policy control function (PCF) network elements, etc., and can be used to implement mobility management entities (mobile management entity, MME) functions other than session management. For example, access authorization (authentication) function.
  • PCF policy control function
  • the access management network element can be an access and mobility management function (AMF) network element.
  • AMF access and mobility management function
  • the access management network element can still be an AMF network element, or it can have other names, which are not limited in this application.
  • Session management network element Mainly used for session management, allocation and management of Internet protocol (IP) addresses of user equipment, selection of endpoints for manageable user plane functions, policy control and charging function interfaces, and downlink Data communications, etc.
  • IP Internet protocol
  • the session management network element may be a session management function (SMF) network element.
  • SMF session management function
  • the session management network element can still be an SMF network element, or it can also have other names, which is not limited in this application.
  • User plane network element used for packet routing and forwarding, quality of services (QoS) processing of user plane data, completing user plane data forwarding, session/flow level-based billing statistics, bandwidth limitation functions, etc.
  • QoS quality of services
  • the user plane network element can be a user plane function (UPF) network element.
  • UPF user plane function
  • user plane network elements can still be UPF network elements, or they can have other names, which are not limited in this application.
  • Data network element used to provide a network for transmitting data.
  • the data network element may be a data network (DN) network element.
  • DN data network
  • data network elements can still be DN network elements, or they can have other names, which are not limited in this application.
  • Policy control network element A unified policy framework used to guide network behavior and provide policy rule information for control plane functional network elements (such as AMF, SMF network elements, etc.).
  • the policy control network element may be a policy and charging rules function (PCRF) network element.
  • the policy control network element may be a policy control function (PCF) network element.
  • PCF policy control function
  • future communication systems the policy control network element can still be a PCF network element, or it can also have other names, which are not limited in this application.
  • Data management network element used to handle user equipment identification, access authentication, registration, and mobility management.
  • the data management network element can be a unified data management (UDM) network element; in the 4G communication system, the data management network element can be a home subscriber server (HSS) network element. Yuan. In future communication systems, the data management network element can still be a UDM network element, or it can also have other names, which is not limited in this application.
  • UDM unified data management
  • HSS home subscriber server
  • Network exposure function (NEF) network element used to safely open to the outside the services and capabilities provided by the 3rd generation partnership project (3rd generation partnership project, 3GPP) network functions.
  • Application function (AF) network element Provides certain application layer services to UE. When AF provides services to UE, it has requirements for QoS policies and charging policies, and needs to notify the network. At the same time, AF also needs to obtain information related to core network feedback applications.
  • the AF can have all the functions of the AF defined in the technical specification (TS) 23.501R-15 version, as well as related functions for application services. That is to say, in the user plane architecture, the application server and the UE communicate on the user plane through the UE-RAN-UPF-AF path. AF can also communicate with other network functions (NF) in the 5G core network (5G core network, 5GC) through NEF in the control plane architecture. For example, communicating with PCF through NEF. If the AF is deployed by the operator of 5GC, the AF can also be in the control plane architecture, that is, the AF is in the trusted domain and does not directly communicate with other NFs in the 5GC through NEF, such as directly communicating with the PCF.
  • NF network functions
  • N1, N2, N3, N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, N33 and N52 are interface serial numbers. The meaning of these interface serial numbers can be found in the meaning defined by 3GPPTS23.501.
  • AMF, SMF, UPF, NEF, PCF, UDM, etc. shown in Figure 1 can be understood as network elements used to implement different functions in the core network, and can, for example, be combined into network slices as needed.
  • These core network elements can be independent devices, or can be integrated into the same device to implement different functions. This application does not limit the specific forms of the above network elements.
  • TSN time-sensitive network
  • FIG 2 shows a fully centralized configuration model of TSN.
  • the configuration model includes: centralized user configuration (CUC) network element, centralized network configuration (CNC) network element, one or more TSN terminals (for example, the receiving end and the sending end in Figure 2), and one or more switching nodes (for example, the bridge (bridge(s)) in Figure 2).
  • the management plane of the configuration model includes: CUC network element and CNC network element.
  • the CUC network element used to manage TSN terminals and services.
  • the CUC network element is responsible for discovering and managing TSN terminals, obtaining the capabilities and user needs of TSN terminals, sending TSN streams to CNC network elements, and according to the CNC network Element's instructions configure the TSN terminal.
  • CNC network element responsible for managing the topology of the TSN user plane (including TSN terminals and each switching node) and the capability information of each switching node, and calculating and generating the end-to-end (E2E) of the TSN stream according to the requirements of the TSN stream. Forwarding paths and delivering scheduling parameters to each switching node.
  • Switching node used to report the capability information and topology information of the switching node to the CNC network element, and schedule and forward data flows based on the rules issued by the CNC network element.
  • This application does not limit the specific type of the switching node.
  • the switching node may be a bridge, a switch, a router, etc. The following description will take the switching node as a bridge as an example.
  • Sending end It is the sending end of data.
  • the sender can also be called an initiator, a streaming service provider, a talker, etc., and is collectively referred to as the sender below.
  • Receiving end It is the receiving end of data. There can be one or more receivers in this configuration model.
  • the receiving end can also be called a listener, a streaming service receiver, or a listener, etc., and will be collectively referred to as the receiving end below.
  • sending end and receiving end may refer to communication devices.
  • Figure 3 shows another schematic system architecture diagram of 3GPP and TSN interworking.
  • RAN and UPF support the capabilities of TSN endstations
  • RAN and UPF can serve as the sender and receiver of the TSN stream respectively.
  • RAN serves as the sender of the TSN stream
  • UPF serves as the receiver of the TSN stream
  • UPF serves as the sender of the TSN stream
  • RAN serves as the receiver of the TSN stream.
  • Control plane network elements in 5GS can be used as CUC in TSN, that is, SMF can obtain talker group information and/or listener group information, and transmit it to the transport network (transport network) through the user network interface (UNI) , TN) CNC sends talker group information and/or listener group information. Furthermore, the TN CNC uses the talker group information and/or the listener group information to configure the bridge in the transmission network, and sends the status group information to the SMF. Furthermore, SMF configures the sender and receiver according to the status group information, that is, configures the RAN and UPF. It should be noted that TN CNC refers to the CNC in the transmission network. The transmission network is located between RAN and UPF. The business flow transmitted by the transmission network is the business flow in the 5G network.
  • the talker group information obtained by SMF is used to indicate the sender of a single TSN stream, and the listener group information is used to indicate the receiver of a single TSN stream. That is, in the system architecture shown in Figure 3, if the direction of the TSN flow is uplink, the talker group information is used to indicate the RAN, and the listener group information is used to indicate the UPF; if the direction of the TSN flow is downlink, the talker group information is used to indicate Indicates UPF, and listener group information is used to indicate RAN.
  • the talker group information obtained by SMF includes the parameter "MaxLatency”
  • the delay from the data frame sent by the sender of the TSN stream to all receivers must meet MaxLatency. If the listener group information obtained by SMF includes the parameter "MaxLatency”, the delay from the data frame sent by the sender of the TSN stream to the receiver indicated by the listener group information must meet "MaxLatency”.
  • a 5G QoS model based on QoS flow (QoS flow) is proposed, as shown in Figure 4.
  • the 5G QoS model supports QoS flow with guaranteed bit rate (GBR) (i.e., GBR QoS flow shown in Figure 4) and QoS flow without guaranteed bit rate (i.e., non-GBR (non-GBR) shown in Figure 4) QoS flow).
  • GBR guaranteed bit rate
  • non-GBR non-GBR (non-GBR) shown in Figure 4
  • a QoS flow can correspond to a set of characteristic information.
  • the set of characteristic information includes a packet delay budget (PDB).
  • PDB defines the upper limit of the possible delay time of a data packet between the UE and the N6 endpoint of UPF.
  • PDB can be split into access network (AN) PDB and core network (CN) PDB.
  • AN PDB defines the upper limit of the possible delay time of data packets between UE and RAN.
  • CN PDB defines The upper limit on how long a packet may be delayed at the N6 endpoint of RAN and UPF.
  • SMF will bind the TSN flow to a QoS flow, that is, there is a corresponding relationship between the QoS flow and the TSN flow.
  • the transmission delay of the data frame in the TSN stream between the RAN and UPF should meet the "MaxLatency" in the talker group information and/or listener group information, and the transmission delay of the data frame between the UE and UPF The delay should also meet the PDB corresponding to the QoS flow bound to the TSN flow.
  • embodiments of this application provide a communication method, in order to reduce the end-to-end delay between the sender and the receiver of the TSN stream and the end-to-end delay between the UE and UPF in the scenario of TSN and 5GS interoperability.
  • the terminal delay meets the requirements.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic flowchart of a communication method 500 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the method 500 may include the following steps:
  • the centralized user configuration function sends the first delay information to the centralized network configuration function.
  • the centralized network configuration function receives the first delay information from the centralized user configuration function.
  • the centralized user configuration function is deployed in the control plane network element in 5GS, or in other words, the centralized user configuration function is co-located with the control plane network element in 5GS.
  • the centralized user configuration function is deployed in the SMF network element of 5GS, or in other words, the centralized user configuration function is co-located with the SMF network element in 5GS.
  • the centralized network configuration function belongs to the transport network.
  • the first delay information is used to indicate the maximum delay (MaxLatency) allowed for the TSN flow.
  • the TSN flow is a TSN flow transmitted between the access network device and the user plane network element, that is, the access network device is the sender of the TSN flow. end, the user plane network element is the receiving end of the TSN flow, or the access network device is the receiving end of the TSN flow, and the user plane network element is the sending end of the TSN flow.
  • the maximum delay allowed for a TSN flow is determined based on the CN PDB and the cache duration, and the maximum duration allowed for a TSN flow does not exceed the difference obtained by subtracting the cache duration from the CN PDB.
  • the cache duration is the actual cache duration of the data frame cached by the sender of the TSN stream.
  • the actual cache duration is the difference between the packet sending time of the TSN flow sender indicated by the second configuration information and the earliest packet sending time allowed by the TSN flow sender.
  • the second configuration information is used to indicate the packet sending time of the sending end of the TSN stream, and the second configuration information is sent by the centralized network configuration function to the centralized user configuration function.
  • the packet sending time indicated by the second configuration information can be characterized by a time-aware offset (timeawareoffset), and the time-aware offset refers to the sending end of the TSN stream.
  • timeawareoffset time-aware offset
  • the earliest packet sending time allowed by the sender of the TSN stream can be characterized by the earliest transmission offset (earlisttransmitoffset).
  • the earliest transmission offset refers to the time when the sender of the TSN stream is sending.
  • UL BAT is the uplink (UL) burst arrival time (BAT), that is, UL BAT refers to the time when the uplink data frame reaches the UE egress, or UL BAT refers to the time when the UE transmits data to the access network.
  • BAT uplink
  • M is an integer
  • M is the maximum value that can ensure that the following formula is true: (UL BAT+AN PDB)>M ⁇ interval.
  • the interval refers to the time period that the traffic specification cannot exceed.
  • the traffic specification is defined by the maximum number of frames (MaxFramesPerInterval) and the maximum frame size (MaxFrameSize) of each interval.
  • the interval is the maximum duration for the access network device to send a predefined number of frames.
  • Each frame in the predefined number of frames may be a maximum length data frame that the access network device supports sending.
  • the predefined number can be expressed by MaxFramesPerInterval
  • the size of the maximum length of data frames supported by the access network device can be expressed by MaxFrameSize.
  • DL BAT is the downlink (DL) burst arrival time, that is, DL BAT refers to the time when the downlink data frame arrives at the UPF entrance, or DL BAT refers to the time when the UPF receives the downlink data frame.
  • the UPF dwell time refers to the difference between the time when the user plane network element receives the downlink data frame and the time when the user plane network element sends the downlink data frame.
  • M is an integer, and M takes the maximum value that can ensure that the following formula is true: (DL BAT + UPF residence time) > M ⁇ interval.
  • the interval refers to the time period that the service flow specification cannot exceed.
  • the service flow specification is defined by MaxFramesPerInterval and MaxFrameSize.
  • the interval is the maximum duration for the user plane network element to send a predefined number of frames. Each frame in the predefined number of frames is a data frame of the maximum length supported by the user plane.
  • the maximum delay allowed for the TSN stream can also be less than the difference obtained by subtracting the cache duration from the CN PDB.
  • ⁇ t represents the preset time length, and the preset time length can be any time length, which is not limited in the embodiments of this application. It should be noted that the preset duration is different from the UPF residence duration.
  • the duration #2 is equal to the actual cache duration, or the duration #2 is equal to the sum of the actual cache duration and the preset duration, or the duration #2 is equal to the sum of the actual cache duration and the UPF residence duration, or duration #2 is equal to the interval, That is, as long as the value of duration #2 is no less than the time cache duration, the embodiment of the present application does not limit this.
  • the cache duration is the maximum possible cache duration of the data frame cached by the sender of the TSN stream.
  • the maximum possible buffering duration is the difference between the latest packet sending time allowed by the sender of the TSN stream and the earliest packet sending time allowed by the sender of the TSN stream.
  • the latest transmission offset refers to the latest offset value of the time when the sender of the TSN stream sends the first data frame in the transmission cycle relative to the start of the cycle.
  • jitter refers to the maximum time difference between the actual packet sending time of the sender of the TSN stream and the ideal synchronization network time.
  • Duration #1 refers to the maximum length of data frame that the sender of the TSN stream supports sending in the TSN stream. The transmission duration between the sender and the receiver of the TSN stream.
  • the maximum delay allowed for the TSN stream can also be less than the difference obtained by subtracting the cache duration from the CN PDB.
  • duration #3 is equal to the possible maximum cache duration
  • duration #3 is equal to the sum of the possible maximum cache duration and the preset duration
  • duration #3 is equal to the sum of the possible maximum cache duration and UPF residence duration
  • duration # 3 equals the interval, or as long as the value of Duration #3 is no less than the maximum possible cache duration.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.
  • the maximum possible cache duration is the smaller of the following two durations: the duration between the latest packet sending time allowed by the sender of the TSN flow and the earliest packet sending time allowed by the sender of the TSN flow, TSN The maximum buffering duration supported by the sender of the stream.
  • the maximum delay allowed for a TSN flow is determined based on the CN PDB, cache duration, and UPF residence duration, and the maximum duration allowed for a TSN flow does not exceed the CN PDB minus the sum of the cache duration and the UPF residence duration. difference. For example, when the UPF residence time is large, for example, the UPF residence time is similar in magnitude to the CN PDB, or the UPF residence time cannot be ignored compared with the CN PDB, the maximum allowed duration of the TSN flow does not exceed the CN PDB minus the cache. The difference between the duration and the UPF dwell time.
  • the maximum delay allowed for TSN flow is less than the difference obtained by CN PDB minus the sum of cache duration and UPF residence time.
  • the duration #4 is equal to the sum of the cache duration and the UPF dwell duration, or the duration #4 is equal to the sum of the cache duration, the UPF dwell duration and the preset duration, or the duration #4 is equal to the interval, that is, as long as the value of duration #4 It can be a value no less than the sum of the cache duration and the UPF residence duration.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.
  • the first delay information includes the maximum delay allowed for the TSN stream.
  • the first delay information includes CN PDB and cache duration.
  • the first delay information includes CN PDB, cache duration and UPF residence duration.
  • the first delay information includes CN PDB, cache duration, UPF residence duration and preset duration.
  • the first delay information includes CN PDB and duration #2, or includes CN PDB and duration #3, or includes CN PDB and duration #4.
  • the first delay information includes the maximum delay allowed for the TSN stream.
  • the maximum delay is preconfigured in the centralized user configuration function.
  • the method 500 also includes S511.
  • the centralized user configuration function determines the maximum delay based on the CN PDB and cache duration.
  • the centralized user configuration function determines that the maximum allowed delay of the TSN flow is equal to the difference between the CN PDB and the cache duration based on the CN PDB and the cache duration, or the centralized user configuration function determines the TSN based on the CN PDB and the cache duration.
  • the maximum delay allowed for a flow is less than the difference between the CN PDB minus the cache duration.
  • the centralized user configuration function determines that the maximum delay is equal to the difference between the CN PDB minus the sum of the cache duration and the preset duration.
  • the centralized user configuration function determines the maximum delay of TSN flows based on the CN PDB, cache duration, and UPF residence duration. It is equal to the difference obtained by subtracting the sum of the cache duration and the UPF residence duration from the CN PDB.
  • the centralized user configuration function determines that the maximum allowed delay of the TSN flow is less than the CN PDB minus the sum of the cache duration and UPF residence time based on the CN PDB, cache duration, and UPF residence duration.
  • centralized user The configuration function determines that the maximum delay is equal to the difference obtained by subtracting the sum of the cache duration and UPF residence time from the CN PDB and then subtracting the preset duration.
  • the centralized user configuration function determines based on the CN PDB and Duration #2 that the maximum allowed delay of the TSN flow is equal to the difference obtained by subtracting the CN PDB from Duration #2, or the centralized user configuration function determines based on the CN PDB and Duration #3, determine that the maximum delay allowed for the TSN flow is equal to the difference obtained by CN PDB minus duration #3.
  • the centralized user configuration function determines that the maximum delay allowed for the TSN flow is equal to CN PDB minus duration #4 based on CN PDB and duration #4. Go to Duration #4 to get the difference.
  • the cache duration can be pre-configured in the centralized user configuration function.
  • the method 500 also includes S512.
  • the centralized user configuration function determines the cache duration.
  • the way in which the centralized user configuration function determines the cache duration includes: the centralized user configuration function receives the second configuration information from the centralized network configuration function; the centralized user configuration function indicates according to the second configuration information
  • the actual cache duration is determined by the packet sending time and the earliest packet sending time allowed by the sender of the TSN stream. That is, the actual cache duration is the difference between the packet sending time indicated by the second configuration information and the earliest packet sending time allowed by the sender of the TSN stream.
  • the centralized user configuration function stores a flag (flag), which is used to indicate whether the centralized user configuration function has received the second configuration information. If this flag is used to indicate that the centralized user configuration function has received the second configuration information, the centralized user configuration function can determine the actual cache duration based on the packet sending time indicated by the second configuration information and the earliest packet sending time allowed by the sender of the TSN stream. . For example, the value of this flag is "0" or "1". When the value of this flag is "1", this flag is used to indicate that the centralized user configuration function has received the second configuration information.
  • this flag When the value of this flag is When the value is "0", this flag is used to indicate that the centralized user configuration function has not received the second configuration information; or when the value of this flag is "0", this flag is used to indicate that the centralized user configuration function The second configuration information has been received. When the value of this flag is "1”, this flag is used to indicate that the centralized user configuration function has not received the second configuration information.
  • the centralized user configuration function maintains a counter corresponding to the TSN flow.
  • the value of the counter is incremented by 1. It can be understood that after the centralized user configuration function indicates the maximum delay allowed for the TSN flow to the centralized network configuration function, the centralized network configuration function can send the second configuration information to the centralized user configuration function based on the maximum delay of the TSN flow. . Furthermore, the centralized user configuration function can determine the actual cache duration based on the packet sending time indicated by the second configuration information and the earliest packet sending time allowed by the sender of the TSN stream.
  • the centralized user configuration function can use the packet sending time indicated by the second configuration information and the permission of the sending end of the TSN stream The earliest packet sending time determines the actual cache duration.
  • the centralized user configuration function determines the cache duration in the following ways: the centralized user configuration function determines the possible maximum cache duration based on the earliest packet sending time and the latest packet sending time allowed by the sender of the TSN flow. , that is, the maximum possible cache duration is determined to be the duration between the latest packet sending time and the earliest packet sending time allowed by the sender of the TSN stream.
  • the centralized user configuration function determines the cache duration by: the centralized user configuration function determines the possible maximum cache duration based on the maximum cache duration supported by the sender of the TSN stream, that is, the centralized user configuration function determines the possible maximum cache duration Equal to the maximum buffering duration supported by the sender of the TSN stream.
  • the method for the centralized user configuration function to determine the cache duration includes: the centralized user configuration function is based on the earliest packet sending time allowed by the TSN flow sender, the latest packet sending time allowed by the TSN flow sender, and the TSN flow sender supported by the sender.
  • the maximum cache duration determines the possible maximum cache duration, that is, the centralized user configuration function determines that the possible maximum cache duration is the smaller of the following two durations: the latest packet sending time allowed by the sender of the TSN stream and the sending of the TSN stream The length of time difference between the earliest packet sending time allowed by the end, and the maximum buffering duration supported by the sending end of the TSN stream.
  • the maximum cache duration supported by the TSN stream is preconfigured in the centralized user configuration function, or is determined by the centralized user configuration function based on the received capability information, that is, before S512, the method 500 also includes S513.
  • S513 The sending end sends capability information to the centralized user configuration function.
  • the centralized user configuration function receives the capability information from the sending end.
  • the sending end is the sending end of the TSN stream, and the capability information is used to indicate the maximum buffering duration supported by the sending end of the TSN stream.
  • the sending end of the TSN stream sends (for example, through a transparent container) capability information to the centralized user configuration function.
  • the method 500 also includes S512.
  • method 500 also includes S514.
  • the centralized user configuration function sends the first information to the centralized network configuration function.
  • the centralized network configuration function receives the first information from the centralized user configuration function.
  • the first information indicates the earliest packet sending time allowed by the sending end of the TSN flow and the latest packet sending time allowed by the sending end of the TSN flow.
  • the difference between the latest packet sending time and the earliest packet sending time indicated by the first information does not exceed the maximum buffering duration supported by the sending end of the TSN stream. That is, when the centralized user configuration function determines the earliest packet sending time allowed by the sender of the TSN flow and the latest packet sending time allowed by the sender of the TSN flow, it ensures that the earliest packet sending time allowed by the TSN flow is the same as the latest allowed by the sender of the TSN flow. The difference between packet sending times shall not exceed the maximum buffering duration supported by the sender of the TSN stream.
  • the maximum cache duration supported by the TSN stream is pre-configured in the centralized user configuration function, or is determined by the centralized user configuration function based on the received capability information, that is, before S512, the method 500 also includes S513.
  • the latest packet sending time and the earliest packet sending time indicated by the first information are the same as the packet sending time indicated by the second configuration information. That is, the centralized user configuration function determines the packet sending time indicated by the second configuration information as the earliest packet sending time allowed by the sender of the TSN flow and the latest packet sending time allowed by the sender of the TSN flow, and indicates it to the centralized network through the first information Configuration function.
  • the first delay information and the first information sent by the centralized user configuration function may be carried in the same message, or may be carried in different messages. This is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the centralized network configuration function sends the first configuration information to the centralized user configuration function.
  • the centralized user configuration function receives the first configuration information from the centralized network configuration function.
  • the first configuration information indicates the packet sending time of the sending end of the TSN flow, and the packet sending time indicated by the first configuration information is determined based on the maximum delay allowed for the TSN flow indicated by the first delay information. It should be noted that when the packet sending time indicated by the first configuration information is determined based on the maximum delay allowed by the TSN flow, when the sending end of the TSN flow sends a data frame based on the packet sending time indicated by the first configuration information, the data The transmission duration of the frame between the sender of the TSN stream and the receiver of the TSN stream does not exceed the maximum delay allowed by the TSN stream.
  • the centralized network configuration function directly determines the first configuration information based on the maximum delay allowed for the TSN flow.
  • the centralized network configuration function first based on the first delay The information determines the maximum delay allowed for the TSN flow, and then determines the first configuration information based on the maximum delay allowed for the TSN flow.
  • the centralized network configuration function directly determines the first configuration information based on the parameters included in the first delay information.
  • the packet sending time indicated by the first configuration information is determined based on the maximum delay allowed for the TSN flow and the first information.
  • the packet sending time indicated by the first configuration information Between the earliest packet sending time allowed by the sender of the TSN stream and the latest packet sending time allowed by the sender of the TSN stream.
  • the packet sending time determined by the centralized network configuration function based on the first delay information and the first information is the same as the packet sending time indicated by the second configuration information.
  • the packet sending time indicated by the two configuration information is the same, thus ensuring that the end-to-end delays between the sender and receiver of the TSN stream, the terminal device and the user plane network element are all met.
  • the packet sending time determined by the centralized network configuration function is different from the packet sending time indicated by the second configuration information. , thereby eliminating the need to perform S540 and S550 below.
  • the packet sending time determined by the centralized network configuration function is different from the packet sending time indicated by the second configuration information, if the sending end of the TSN stream sends the data frame according to the packet sending time determined by the centralized network configuration function, the data frame is in the TSN stream.
  • the buffering time of the sender may be greater than the actual buffering time, causing the transmission delay of the data frame between the sender and the receiver of the TSN stream to exceed the CN PDB, which in turn results in the inability to meet the end-to-end requirements between the terminal device and the user plane network element. terminal delay. Therefore, the first information indicates When the earliest packet sending time and the latest packet sending time are the same as the packet sending time indicated by the second configuration information, it can be ensured that the end-to-end delays between the sender and receiver of the TSN flow, the terminal device and the user plane network element are all satisfied. .
  • the sending end receives the first configuration information from the centralized user configuration function.
  • the sending end is the sending end of the TSN stream. After receiving the first configuration information, the sending end determines the packet sending time according to the first configuration information, and sends the data frame according to the packet sending time. For example, the packet sending time determined by the sending end is the packet sending time indicated by the first configuration information. As another example, if the first clock on the centralized network configuration function is not synchronized with the second clock on the sending end of the TSN stream, and the synchronization error between the first clock and the second clock is ⁇ t1, then the sending end The determined packet sending time is the time obtained by subtracting ⁇ t1 from the packet sending time indicated by the first configuration information.
  • the centralized user configuration function sends fourth configuration information to the sending end according to the first configuration information, and the fourth configuration information is used to indicate the packet sending time of the sending end of the TSN stream.
  • the centralized user configuration function determines the fourth configuration information based on the synchronization error ⁇ t1 between the first clock and the second clock, and sets the fourth configuration information to the second clock.
  • Four configuration information are sent to the sending end of the TSN stream. For example, if the packet sending time indicated by the first configuration information is time t1, then the packet sending time indicated by the fourth configuration information is time (t1- ⁇ t1).
  • the sending end after receiving the fourth configuration information from the centralized user configuration function, the sending end sends the data frame according to the packet sending time indicated by the fourth configuration information.
  • the centralized user configuration function sends the first delay information to the centralized network configuration function, so that the centralized network configuration function can obtain the maximum delay allowed by the sender of the TSN stream based on the first delay information.
  • the centralized network configuration function can determine the packet sending time that meets the delay requirements based on the maximum delay allowed by the sender of the TSN stream, that is, when the sender of the TSN stream sends a data frame based on the packet sending time, the data frame is in the TSN The transmission delay between the sender of the stream and the receiver of the TSN stream shall not exceed the maximum delay allowed for the TSN stream.
  • the maximum allowed delay of the TSN flow indicated by the first delay information does not exceed the difference obtained by subtracting the cache duration from the CN PDB, so that the end-to-end delay between the terminal device and the user plane network element can also be satisfied. . This is because, based on the delay requirement of the maximum delay allowed by the TSN stream, the maximum transmission duration of the data frame between the sender and the receiver of the TSN stream is equal to the maximum delay allowed by the TSN stream.
  • the maximum transmission delay of the data frame between the sender and the receiver of the TSN stream is equal to the sum of the maximum delay allowed by the TSN stream and the cache duration, that is It is said that the transmission delay of the data frame between the sender and the receiver of the TSN stream does not exceed the CN PDB. In this case, the end-to-end delay between the terminal device and the user plane network element can be satisfied.
  • the method 500 can also include S540 to S560. Or, if the difference between the packet sending time indicated by the first configuration information and the earliest packet sending time allowed by the sending end of the TSN flow is greater than the time difference between the packet sending time indicated by the second configuration information and the earliest packet sending time allowed by the sending end of the TSN flow. If the time difference is different, the method 500 may also include S540 to S560.
  • method 500 may not execute S530.
  • the centralized user configuration function sends the second delay information to the centralized network configuration function.
  • the centralized network configuration function receives the second delay information from the centralized user configuration function.
  • the second delay information is used to indicate the updated maximum delay allowed for the TSN stream. It can be understood that the maximum delay indicated by the second delay information is different from the maximum delay indicated by the first delay information.
  • the maximum delay after the update allowed for the TSN stream is determined based on the CN PDB and the actual cache duration of the update, and the maximum delay after the update does not exceed the difference obtained by subtracting the actual cache duration of the update from the CN PDB.
  • the actual cache duration of the update The duration is the difference between the packet sending time indicated by the first configuration information and the earliest packet sending time allowed by the sender of the TSN stream.
  • the second delay information includes the updated maximum delay.
  • the first delay information includes the CN PDB and the updated actual cache duration.
  • the second delay information includes CN PDB, updated actual cache duration and UPF residence duration.
  • the second delay information includes CN PDB, updated actual cache duration, UPF residence duration and preset duration.
  • the method 500 further includes: the centralized user configuration function determines the maximum delay after the update. For example, the centralized user configuration function determines that the maximum delay after an update is equal to the difference between the CN PDB and the actual cache duration of the update based on the CN PDB and the actual cache duration of the update. Or the centralized user configuration function determines that the maximum delay after the update is less than the difference between the CN PDB and the actual cache duration of the update based on the CN PDB and the actual cache duration of the update.
  • the method for the centralized user configuration function to determine the maximum delay after the update can refer to the description in S511 above.
  • the method 500 further includes: the centralized user configuration function determines the actual cache duration of the update.
  • the centralized user configuration function determines the actual cache duration of the update based on the packet sending time indicated by the first configuration information and the earliest packet sending time allowed by the sender of the TSN stream.
  • the way in which the centralized user configuration function determines the actual cache duration of updates can refer to the description in S512 above.
  • the centralized network configuration function sends third configuration information to the centralized user configuration function.
  • the centralized user configuration function receives the third configuration information from the centralized network configuration function.
  • the third configuration information indicates the packet sending time of the sending end of the TSN stream, and the packet sending time indicated by the third configuration information is determined based on the updated maximum delay indicated by the second delay information.
  • the sending end receives the third configuration information from the centralized user configuration function.
  • the sending end is the sending end of the TSN stream. After receiving the third configuration information, the sending end determines the packet sending time according to the third configuration information, and sends the data frame according to the packet sending time.
  • the centralized user configuration function sends fifth configuration information to the sending end according to the third configuration information, and the fifth configuration information indicates the packet sending time of the sending end of the TSN stream. For example, if the first clock and the second clock are not synchronized, after receiving the first configuration information, the centralized user configuration function determines the fourth configuration information based on the synchronization error ⁇ t1 between the first clock and the second clock, and sets the fourth configuration information to the second clock. Four configuration information are sent to the sending end of the TSN stream.
  • the sending end determines the packet sending time based on the last received configuration information. For example, if the sending end receives the first configuration information and the third configuration information, the sending end determines the packet sending time based on the third configuration information.
  • method 500 continues to perform steps similar to S540 and S550 until the centralized network configuration function sends the packet sending time to the centralized user configuration function.
  • the packet sending time indicated by two consecutive configuration information is the same, or until the packet sending time indicated by the last configuration information sent by the centralized network configuration function to the centralized user configuration function is the same as that of the sending end of the TSN stream.
  • the difference between the earliest packet sending time allowed shall not be greater than the difference between the packet sending time indicated by the configuration information sent first and the earliest packet sending time allowed by the sender of the TSN stream.
  • the earliest packet sending time allowed by the sender of the TSN flow is T1
  • the packet sending time indicated by the second configuration information is T2.
  • the packet sending time indicated by the first configuration information is T3
  • the buffering duration of the data frame at the sending end of the TSN stream is (T3-T1)
  • the data frame is cached in the TSN stream at the time T3.
  • the packet sending time (T3) indicated by the first configuration information is different from the packet sending time (T2) indicated by the second configuration information, or updated
  • the actual cache duration (T3-T1) is greater than the actual cache duration
  • the centralized user configuration function determines the maximum delay after the update based on (T3-T1). For example, the maximum delay after the update is equal to the difference obtained by subtracting (T3-T1) from the CN PDB. and indicating the updated maximum delay to the centralized network configuration function through the second delay information.
  • the centralized network configuration function sends the third configuration information to the centralized user configuration function according to the updated maximum delay, and the packet sending time indicated by the third configuration information is recorded as T4.
  • the maximum transmission delay is less than the CN PDB, and the end-to-end delay between the terminal equipment and the user plane network element can also be satisfied. That is, the packet sending time indicated by two consecutive configuration information (the first configuration information and the third configuration information) sent by the centralized network configuration function to the centralized user configuration function is the same, or the packet sending time indicated by the third configuration information sent later is the same as the packet sending time indicated by the packet sending time.
  • the difference between the earliest packet sending time allowed by the sender of the TSN stream shall not be greater than the difference between the packet sending time indicated by the first configuration information sent earlier and the earliest packet sending time allowed by the sender of the TSN stream.
  • method 500 does not need to continue to perform steps similar to S540 and S550, that is, centralized
  • the centralized user configuration function no longer determines the maximum delay allowed for TSN flows based on the third configuration information.
  • the centralized network configuration function no longer receives delay information indicating the maximum delay allowed for TSN flows, and thus no longer provides
  • the centralized user configuration function sends configuration information indicating when to send packets.
  • the RAN in Figure 6 or Figure 7 is an example of the access network equipment described in Figure 5
  • the UPF is an example of the user plane network element described in Figure 5
  • the SMF/CUC is the centralized network element described in Figure 2.
  • An example of a centralized network configuration function, SMF/CUC represents the network element co-located with CUC and SMF
  • CNC is an example of the centralized user configuration function described in Figure 2.
  • the method described in this application is not only applicable to 5G communication systems, but other types of communication systems can also refer to the method described in this application, which will not be described again in the embodiments of this application.
  • Figure 6 shows a schematic flow chart of the communication method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the method 600 shown in Figure 6 may include the following steps:
  • the PDU session establishment process can be referred to the description in Chapter 4.3.2 of 3GPP TS 23.502. For the sake of simplicity, this application embodiment will not elaborate on this.
  • the RAN can report (for example, through a transparent container) interface capabilities (InterfaceCapablities) to the SMF/CUC during the PDU session establishment process.
  • the RAN supporting the TL function means that the RAN can serve as the sender or receiver of TSN streams.
  • UPF can report the interface capabilities to SMF/CUC (for example, through a transparent container).
  • the interface capabilities can include three fields: virtual local area network (VLAN) tag capability (VLANTagCapable), supported stream identification type (StreamIdenTypeList), and supported sequence encoding and decoding types (SequenceEncode/DecodeTypeList).
  • VLANTagCapable virtual local area network tag capability
  • StreamIdenTypeList supported stream identification type
  • SequenceEncode/DecodeTypeList supported sequence encoding and decoding types
  • the RAN can also report (for example, through a transparent container) capability information #1 to the SMF/CUC.
  • the capability information #1 is used to indicate the maximum buffering duration supported by the RAN.
  • UPF can also report capability information #2 to SMF/CUC (for example, through a transparent container).
  • Capability information #2 is used to indicate the maximum cache duration supported by UPF.
  • PCF sends policy and charging control (PCC) rules to SMF/CUC.
  • PCC policy and charging control
  • SMF/CUC receives the PCC rule from PCF.
  • PCC rules include time sensitive communication (TSC) auxiliary container (TSC assistance container, TSCAC).
  • TSCAC includes one or more of the following parameters: direction of TSN flow, burst size of TSN flow (burst size) , the period of TSN stream, the amount of data within the period, and the time information when the data frame arrives at 5GS.
  • the time information of the data frame arriving at 5GS refers to the time when the data frame arrives at the UE egress.
  • the time when the data frame arrives at the UE egress can be recorded as UL BAT; in the downlink mode, the time information when the data frame arrives at 5GS refers to the time when the data frame arrives at the UE egress.
  • the time when the data frame arrives at the UPF entry can be recorded as DL BAT.
  • S603 SMF/CUC sends group information #1 to CNC.
  • CNC receives group information #1 from SMF/CUC.
  • Group information #1 includes talker group information #1 and/or listener group information #1. Group information #1 may also be called merged stream requirements (mergedstream requirements).
  • Talker group information #1 includes one or more of the following parameters:
  • Stream ID used to identify the stream configuration.
  • the flow identification can include two fields: medium access control (MAC) address (MACAddress) and unique identification (UniqueID).
  • MAC address is the source MAC address of the flow initiation, and the unique identifier is used to distinguish different flows from the same sender.
  • the flow identifier is generated by SMF/CUC based on preconfigured information.
  • StreamRank used to provide the rank of this flow relative to other flows in the network.
  • the level here is used to determine the priority of flow resource configuration, regardless of the data of the flow.
  • Flow levels are generated by SMF/CUC based on preconfigured information.
  • EndStationInterfaces used to describe the interface corresponding to the flow.
  • the end station interface can include two fields: MAC address (MACAddress) and interface name (InterfaceName).
  • a stream can contain one or more interfaces.
  • the end station interface is pre-configured in SMF/CUC, or, during the PDU session establishment process, the RAN and/or UPF report (for example, through a transparent container) the end station interface to SMF/CUC.
  • Traffic Specification Used to define how the sending end sends data frames.
  • the traffic description may include one or more of the following configurations: interval (Interval), maximum number of frames per interval (MaxFramesPerInterval), maximum frame length (MaxFrameSize), transmission selection (TransmissionSelection), the earliest allowed by the sender of the TSN stream Packet sending time #1, the latest packet sending time #1 allowed by the sender of the TSN stream, or jitter.
  • Interval The maximum duration for sending a defined maximum frame length and a maximum number of frames per interval.
  • SMF/CUC can determine the interval according to the periodicity of the TSN stream included in TSCAC.
  • Maximum number of frames per interval Used to specify the maximum number of frames sent in a period.
  • Maximum frame length The maximum frame length that the sender can send.
  • Transmission selection The scheduling algorithm used during stream forwarding.
  • the earliest packet sending time #1 allowed by the sender of the TSN stream can be characterized by the earliest transmission offset #1.
  • SMF/CUC after SMF/CUC receives the TCSAC, it can calculate the earliest transmission offset #1 based on the time information of the data frame arriving at 5GC included in the TSCAC and the PDB corresponding to the QoS flow (including AN PDB and CN PDB).
  • the latest packet sending time #1 allowed by the sender of the TSN stream can be characterized by the latest transmission offset #1.
  • Jitter The maximum time difference between the sender's send offset and the ideal synchronized network time. SMF/CUC can generate jitter based on local configuration information.
  • User requirements for the network used to define user demands, such as delay, redundancy, etc.
  • User requirements for the network may include the number of seamless trees (NumSeamlessTrees) and the maximum delay allowed for TSN flows #1.
  • Number of seamless connection trees The number of redundant paths required for seamless connections provided by the network.
  • Maximum delay #1 The maximum delay of a data frame from the sending end to the receiving end.
  • SMF/CUC can determine the maximum delay #1 based on the CN PDB corresponding to the QoS flow, that is, SMF/CUC can determine that the maximum delay #1 is equal to the CN PDB.
  • SMF/CUC can determine the maximum delay #1 based on the CN PDB and UPF residence time, that is, SMF/CUC can determine that the maximum delay #1 is equal to the difference between the CN PDB minus the UPF residence time.
  • Interface capabilities are pre-configured in SMF/CUC, or during the PDU session establishment process, the RAN and/or UPF report the interface capabilities to SMF/CUC.
  • Listener group information #1 includes one or more of the following parameters: flow identification, end station interface, user requirements for the network, or interface capabilities.
  • the definition and determination method of each parameter is the same as the definition and determination of talker group information #1. The method is the same and will not be described again.
  • the group information #1 when the group information #1 includes the earliest packet sending time #1 and the latest packet sending time #1, the group information #1 is an example of the first information.
  • the value of the timer is incremented by 1.
  • CNC sends configuration information #1 to SMF/CUC.
  • SMF/CUC receives configuration information #1 from the CNC.
  • Configuration information #1 (an example of the second configuration information) may also be called status group information. Configuration information #1 is determined by the CNC based on the received group information #1.
  • Configuration information #1 includes one or more of the following parameters:
  • Flow ID The same definition as the flow ID in talker group information #1 above.
  • the status information may include at least one of the following configurations: sender status (TalkerStatus), receiver status (ListenerStatus), or error code (FailureCode).
  • Interface configuration The interface configuration of the sender and receiver. This configuration meets the requirements of the flow and the interface capability requirements.
  • the interface configuration includes the packet sending time #1 of the sender of the TSN stream, and the packet sending time #1 can be characterized by time-aware offset #1.
  • CNC can determine the packet sending time #1 based on the following information included in group information #1: earliest packet sending time #1, latest packet sending time #1, and maximum delay #1.
  • the contract delivery time #1 determined by CNC based on group information #1 is between the earliest package delivery time #1 and the latest package delivery time #1.
  • the time-aware offset #1 is between the earliest transmission offset #1 and the latest transmission offset #1.
  • a flag is stored in the SMF/CUC. After the SMF/CUC receives the configuration information #1, the flag is set to a value indicating that the configuration information #1 has been received.
  • SMF/CUC sends group information #2 to CNC.
  • CNC receives group information #2 from SMF/CUC.
  • group information #2 (an example of first delay information), please refer to the related description of group information #1 above.
  • the difference between group information #2 and group information #1 is that the maximum delay #2 allowed for the TSN stream included in group information #2 is different from the maximum delay #1 included in group information #1.
  • the maximum delay #2 included in group information #2 Delay #2 is determined by SMF/CUC based on configuration information #1.
  • SMF/CUC After receiving the configuration information #1, SMF/CUC determines the packet sending time #1 indicated by the configuration information #1. Then SMF/CUC determines the actual cache duration #1 based on the packet sending time #1 and the earliest packet sending time #1, and determines the maximum delay #2 based on the CN PDB and the actual cache duration #1. For more description of SMF/CUC determining actual cache duration #1 and maximum delay #2, please refer to S512 and S511 in method 500 above.
  • SMF/CUC determines maximum delay #2 based on packet sending time #1 indicated by configuration information #1.
  • SMF/CUC determines the maximum delay #2 based on the packet sending time #1 indicated by the configuration information #1.
  • group information #2 and group information #1 are the same as the packet sending time #1 indicated by the configuration information #1.
  • configuration information #1 includes time-aware offset #1
  • the earliest packet sending time #2 is used to represent the earliest transmission offset #2
  • the latest packet sending time #2 is used to represent the latest transmission offset #2
  • group information # 2 may include earliest transmission offset #2 and latest transmission offset #2, and both earliest transmission offset #2 and latest transmission offset #2 are the same as time-aware offset #1.
  • CNC sends configuration information #2 to SMF/CUC.
  • SMF/CUC receives configuration information #2 from the CNC.
  • configuration information #2 (first configuration information example), please refer to the related description of configuration information #1 above.
  • Configuration information #2 includes packet sending time #2 of the sender of the TSN stream, and packet sending time #2 can be characterized by time-aware offset #2.
  • CNC determines the packet sending time #2 based on the following information included in group information #2: earliest packet sending time #2, latest packet sending time #2, and maximum delay #2.
  • the contract sending time #2 determined by CNC based on the group information #2 is between the earliest contract sending time #2 and the latest contract sending time #2.
  • the packet sending time #2 determined by the CNC based on the group information #2 is the same as the packet sending time #2. Same as delivery time #1. Otherwise, since the maximum delay #2 included in the group information #2 is different from the maximum delay #1 included in the group information #1, the packet sending time #2 determined by the CNC based on the group information #2 may be different from the packet sending time #1.
  • the method 600 also includes S607 and S608. Or, if the contract sending time #2 is different from the contract sending time #1, and the difference between the contract sending time #2 and the earliest contract sending time #2 is greater than the difference between the contract sending time #1 and the earliest contract sending time #1, then the method The 600 also includes the S607 and S608.
  • SMF/CUC sends group information #3 to CNC.
  • CNC receives group information #3 from SMF/CUC.
  • group information #3 (an example of the second delay information), please refer to the related description of group information #1 above.
  • the difference between group information #3 and group information #2 is that the maximum delay #3 allowed for the TSN stream included in group information #3 is different from the maximum delay #2 included in group information #2.
  • the maximum delay #3 included in group information #3 is different.
  • Delay #3 is determined by SMF/CUC based on configuration information #2.
  • the SMF/CUC After receiving the configuration information #2, the SMF/CUC determines the packet sending time #2 indicated by the configuration information #2. Then SMF/CUC determines the actual cache duration #2 (that is, the updated actual cache duration) based on the packet sending time #2 and the earliest packet sending time #2, and determines the maximum delay #3 based on the CN PDB and the actual cache duration #2.
  • SMF/CUC determining actual cache duration #2 and maximum delay #3 please refer to S512 and S511 in method 500 above.
  • group information #3 is that the earliest packet sending time #3 allowed by the sender of the TSN stream included in group information #3 is different from the earliest packet sending time #2, and group information #3 includes The latest packet sending time #3 allowed by the sender of the TSN stream is different from the latest packet sending time #2.
  • the earliest packet sending time #3 and the latest packet sending time #3 included in the group information #3 are the same as the packet sending time #2 indicated by the configuration information #2.
  • CNC sends configuration information #3 to SMF/CUC.
  • SMF/CUC receives configuration information #3 from the CNC.
  • Configuration information #3 (third configuration information example) can refer to the relevant description of configuration information #1 above.
  • Configuration information #3 includes the packet sending time #3 of the sender of the TSN stream, and the packet sending time #3 can be characterized by time-aware offset #3.
  • CNC determines the packet sending time #3 based on the following information included in group information #3: earliest packet sending time #3, latest packet sending time #3, and maximum delay #3.
  • the contract sending time #3 determined by CNC based on group information #3 is between the earliest contract sending time #3 and the latest contract sending time #3.
  • the method 600 continues to perform steps similar to S607 and S608 until the packet sending times indicated by two consecutive configuration information sent by the CNC to the SMF/CUC are the same.
  • the method 600 executes S609a or S609b. If the RAN is the sender of the TSN stream, the method 600 executes S609a. If the UPF is the sender of the TSN stream, the method 600 executes S609b.
  • SMF/CUC sends configuration information #2 or configuration information #3 to the RAN.
  • the RAN receives configuration information #2 or configuration information #3 from SMF/CUC.
  • SMF/CUC sends configuration information #2 to RAN. If S607 and S608 are executed in method 600, SMF/CUC sends configuration information #3 to RAN. After receiving configuration information #2 or configuration information #3, the RAN sends the data frame according to the packet sending time indicated by configuration information #2 or configuration information #3.
  • SMF/CUC sends configuration information #2 or configuration information #3 to UPF.
  • UPF receives configuration information #2 or configuration information #3 from SMF/CUC.
  • SMF/CUC sends configuration information #2 to UPF. If method 600 executes S607 and S608, SMF/CUC sends configuration information #3 to UPF. After UPF receives configuration information #2 or configuration information #3, it sends the data frame according to the packet sending time indicated by configuration information #2 or configuration information #3.
  • SMF/CUC after SMF/CUC receives the configuration information, it can determine the actual cache duration based on the packet sending time indicated by the configuration information and the earliest packet sending time allowed by the sender of the TSN stream. Then, SMF/CUC can reset the cache duration based on the actual cache duration. Determine a more appropriate maximum delay so that the delay between the sender and receiver of the TSN stream and the end-to-end delay between the UE and the UPF are satisfied.
  • SMF/CUC determines the maximum delay based on the actual cache duration
  • SMF/CUC will not determine a minimum delay that is too small. large delay, thereby avoiding the situation where the transmission network capacity is insufficient to meet the maximum delay.
  • Figure 7 shows a schematic flow chart of the communication method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the method 700 shown in Figure 7 may include the following steps:
  • PCF sends PCC rules to SMF/CUC.
  • SMF/CUC receives the PCC rule from PCF.
  • S701 and S702 may refer to S601 and S602 in method 600 above.
  • S703 SMF/CUC sends group information #4 to CNC.
  • CNC receives group information #4 from SMF/CUC.
  • group information #4 (an example of the first delay information), please refer to the related description of group information #1 in S603 above.
  • the difference between group information #4 and group information #1 is that the maximum delay #4 allowed for the TSN stream included in group information #4 is different from the maximum delay #1 included in group information #1.
  • the maximum delay #4 included in group information #4 is different.
  • Delay #4 is determined by SMF/CUC based on the CN PDB and the maximum possible cache duration. For more description of SMF/CUC determining the possible maximum cache duration, and determining the maximum delay #4 based on the possible maximum cache duration and CN PDB, please refer to S511 and S512 in method 500 above.
  • CNC sends configuration information #4 to SMF/CUC.
  • SMF/CUC receives configuration information #4 from the CNC.
  • Configuration information #4 (an example of the first configuration information) may refer to the relevant description of configuration information #1 in S604 above.
  • Configuration information #4 includes the packet sending time #4 of the sender of the TSN stream, and the packet sending time #4 can be characterized by time-aware offset #4.
  • CNC determines the packet sending time #4 based on the following information included in group information #4: earliest packet sending time #4, latest packet sending time #4, and maximum delay #4.
  • the contract sending time #4 determined by CNC based on group information #4 is between the earliest contract sending time #4 and the latest contract sending time #4.
  • the latest package delivery time #4 is the same as the latest package delivery time #1 in S603 above
  • the earliest package delivery time #4 is the same as the earliest package delivery time #1 in S603 above.
  • the method 700 executes S705a or S705b. If RAN is the sender of the TSN stream, the method 700 executes S705a. If the UPF is the sender of the TSN stream, the method 700 executes S705b.
  • SMF/CUC sends configuration information #4 to RAN.
  • the RAN receives configuration information #4 from SMF/CUC.
  • the RAN After receiving the configuration information #4, the RAN sends the data frame according to the packet sending time indicated by the configuration information #4.
  • SMF/CUC sends configuration information #4 to UPF.
  • UPF receives configuration information #4 from SMF/CUC.
  • UPF After UPF receives configuration information #4, it sends the data frame according to the packet sending time indicated by configuration information #4.
  • SMF/CUC determines the maximum delay based on the possible maximum buffering time of the data frame cached by the sender of the TSN stream. Therefore, when the CNC determines the packet sending time of the sender of the TSN stream based on the maximum delay, regardless of the CNC When the packet sending time is determined, the delay between the sender and receiver of the TSN stream and the end-to-end delay between the UE and UPF can be satisfied.
  • the method provided by the embodiment of the present application is described in detail above with reference to FIGS. 5 to 7 .
  • the communication device provided by the embodiment of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 8 to 10 . It should be understood that the description of the device embodiments corresponds to the description of the method embodiments. Therefore, for content that is not described in detail, please refer to the above method embodiments. For the sake of brevity, they will not be described again here.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic block diagram of a communication device 1000 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication device 1000 may include: a transceiver unit 1010 and a processing unit 1020 .
  • the communication device 1000 may be the centralized user configuration function in the above method embodiment, or may be a chip that implements the centralized user configuration function in the above method embodiment.
  • the communication device 1000 may correspond to the centralized user configuration function in the method 400 of the embodiment of the present application, and the communication device 1000 may include a method for executing the method 500 in FIG. 5 , the method 600 in FIG. 6 or the method in FIG. 7
  • the centralized user configuration function in method 700 is an element of the method performed.
  • each unit in the communication device 1000 and the above-mentioned other operations and/or functions are respectively intended to implement the corresponding processes of the method 500 in Figure 5, the method 600 in Figure 6, or the method 700 in Figure 7. It should be understood that the specific process of each unit performing the above corresponding steps has been described in detail in the above method embodiments, and will not be described again for the sake of brevity.
  • transceiver unit 1010 in the communication device 1000 may correspond to the transceiver 2020 in the communication device 2000 shown in FIG. 9
  • processing unit 1020 in the communication device 1000 may correspond to the communication device 2000 shown in FIG. 9 Processor 2010 in device 2000.
  • the chip when the communication device 1000 is a chip, the chip includes a transceiver unit.
  • the chip may also include a processing unit.
  • the transceiver unit may be an input-output circuit or a communication interface; the processing unit may be a processor, microprocessor, or integrated circuit integrated on the chip.
  • the transceiver unit 1010 is used to implement the signal transceiver operation of the communication device 1000
  • the processing unit 1020 is used to implement the signal processing operation of the communication device 1000 .
  • the communication device 1000 also includes a storage unit 1030, which is used to store instructions.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic block diagram of a device 2000 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the device 2000 includes: at least one processor 2010.
  • the processor 2010 is coupled to the memory and is used to execute instructions stored in the memory to perform the method described in FIG. 5, FIG. 6 or FIG. 7.
  • the device 2000 also includes a transceiver 2020.
  • the processor 2010 is coupled to the memory and is used to execute instructions stored in the memory to control the transceiver 2020 to send signals and/or receive signals.
  • the processor 2010 can control The transceiver 2020 sends the first delay information.
  • the device 2000 also includes a memory 2030 for storing instructions.
  • processor 2020 and memory 2030 can be combined into one processing device, and the processor 2020 is used to execute the program code stored in the memory 2030 to implement the above functions.
  • the memory 2030 may also be integrated in the processor 2010 or independent of the processor 2010.
  • the transceiver 2020 may include a receiver and a transmitter.
  • the transceiver 2020 may further include an antenna, and the number of antennas may be one or more.
  • the transceiver 2020 may be a communication interface or an interface circuit.
  • the chip When the device 2000 is a chip, the chip includes a transceiver unit and a processing unit, where the transceiver unit may be an input-output circuit or a communication interface; the processing unit may be a processor, microprocessor, or integrated circuit integrated on the chip.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a chip system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the chip system here may also be a system composed of circuits.
  • the chip system 3000 shown in Figure 9 includes: a logic circuit 3010 and an input/output interface (input/output interface) 3020.
  • the logic circuit is used to couple with the input interface and transmit data (such as configuration information) through the input/output interface. ) to perform the method described in Figure 5, Figure 6 or Figure 7.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a processing device, including a processor and an interface.
  • the processor may be used to execute the method in the above method embodiment.
  • the above processing device may be a chip.
  • the processing device may be a field programmable gate array (FPGA), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or a system on chip (SoC), or It can be a central processing unit (CPU), a network processor (NP), a digital signal processing circuit (DSP), or a microcontroller unit , MCU), it can also be a programmable logic device (PLD) or other integrated chip.
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • SoC system on chip
  • CPU central processing unit
  • NP network processor
  • DSP digital signal processing circuit
  • MCU microcontroller unit
  • PLD programmable logic device
  • each step of the above method can be completed by instructions in the form of hardware integrated logic circuits or software in the processor.
  • the steps of the methods disclosed in conjunction with the embodiments of the present application can be directly implemented by a hardware processor for execution, or can be executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor.
  • the software module can be located in a random register, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, or electrically erasable programmable memory, register, or other mature storage media in this field.
  • the storage medium is located in the memory, and the processor reads the information in the memory and completes the steps of the above method in combination with its hardware. To avoid repetition, it will not be described in detail here.
  • the processor in the embodiment of the present application may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities.
  • each step of the above method embodiment can be completed through an integrated logic circuit of hardware in the processor or instructions in the form of software.
  • the above-mentioned processor may be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components.
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • a general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor, etc.
  • the memory in the embodiment of the present application may be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memories.
  • the non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable PROM, EPROM), electrically removable memory. Erase programmable read-only memory (electrically EPROM, EEPROM) or flash memory.
  • Volatile memory may be random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache.
  • the present application also provides a computer program product.
  • the computer program product includes: computer program code.
  • the computer program code When the computer program code is run on the computer, it causes the computer to execute FIG. 5, FIG. 6 or FIG. The method in the embodiment shown in 7.
  • the present application also provides a computer-readable medium.
  • the computer-readable medium stores program code.
  • the program code When the program code is run on a computer, it causes the computer to execute Figure 5, Figure 6 or The method in the embodiment shown in Figure 7.
  • this application also provides a system, which includes the aforementioned centralized user configuration function and centralized network configuration function.
  • the above embodiments they can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof.
  • software When implemented using software, they can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product.
  • the computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer instructions are loaded and executed on the computer, the processes or functions described in the embodiments of the present application are generated in whole or in part.
  • the computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable information medium to another computer-readable storage medium.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, data center, etc. that contains one or more available media integrated therein.
  • the usable media may be magnetic media (e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes), optical media (e.g., high-density digital video discs (DVD)), or semiconductor media (e.g., solid state disks, SSD)) etc.
  • magnetic media e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes
  • optical media e.g., high-density digital video discs (DVD)
  • DVD digital video discs
  • semiconductor media e.g., solid state disks, SSD
  • the disclosed systems, devices and methods can be implemented in other ways.
  • the device embodiments described above are only illustrative.
  • the division of the units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods.
  • multiple units or components may be combined or can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored, or not implemented.
  • the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection between each other shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, which may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供了一种通信方法及装置。根据本申请，集中式用户配置功能向集中式网络配置功能发送第一时延信息，从而集中式网络配置功能可以根据第一时延信息获取到TSN流的发送端允许的最大时延，并根据该最大时延确定满足时延需求的发包时间。此外，由于该最大时延不超过CN PDB减去缓存时长得到的差值，即使TSN流的发送端接收数据帧之后，没有立即发出，而是缓存了一段时间，那么数据帧在TSN流的发送端与接收端之间的最大传输时延等于TSN流允许的最大时延与缓存时长之和，也就是说，数据帧在TSN流的发送端与接收端之间的传输时延不超过CN PDB，在此情况下，终端设备与用户面网元之间的端到端时延可以被满足。

Description

通信方法及装置
本申请要求于2022年7月29日提交中国国家知识产权局、申请号为202210907662.1、申请名称为“通信方法及装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请实施例涉及通信领域，并且更具体的，涉及一种通信方法及装置。
背景技术
针对可靠时延传输的需求，电气与电子工程师协会(institute of electrical and electronic engineers，IEEE)定义了时间敏感网络(time-sensitive network，TSN)标准，该标准基于二层交换来提供可靠时延传输服务，保障时延敏感的业务数据传输的可靠性、以及可预测的端到端的传输时延。
在第三代合作伙伴项目(3rd generation partnership project，3GPP)与TSN互通的系统架构中，接入网设备和用户面网元可以作为TSN流的发送端或接收端，第五代系统(5th generation system，5GS)中的控制面网元可以作为TSN中的集中式网络配置功能。
在上述系统架构中，控制面网元会将接入网设备与用户面网元之间传输的TSN流绑定至一个服务质量(quality of service，QoS)流。目前的解决方案无法保证：TSN流中的数据帧在接入网设备与用户面网元之间的传输时延满足TSN流允许的最大时延，并且该数据帧在终端设备和用户网元之间的传输时延还满足该QoS流对应的数据包延迟预算。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种通信方法及通信装置，以期在时间敏感网络(time sensitive network，TSN)与第三代合作伙伴项目(3rd generation partnership project，3GPP)互通的场景下，使得TSN流的发送端与接收端之间的端到端时延、终端设备与用户面网元之间的端到端时延都满足要求。
第一方面，提供了一种通信方法，该方法可以由集中式用户配置功能执行，或者，也可以由集中式用户配置功能的组成部件(例如芯片或电路)执行，对此不作限定，为了便于描述，下面以由集中式配置功能执行为例进行说明。
该方法包括：集中式用户配置功能根据核心网(core network，CN)数据包延迟预算(packet delay budget，PDB)和缓存时长，确定接入网设备与用户面网元之间传输的TSN流允许的最大时延，该最大时延不超过该CN PDB减去该缓存时长得到的差值；该接入网设备是该TSN流的发送端，该用户面网元是该TSN流的接收端，或者，该接入网设备是该TSN流的接收端，该用户面网元是该TSN流的发送端；该集中式用户配置功能向集中式网络配置功能发送第一时延信息，该第一时延信息指示该最大时延；该集中式用户配置功能接收来自该集中式网络配置功能的第一配置信息，该第一配置信息指示该TSN流的发送端的发包时间，该第一配置信息指示的发包时间是根据该最大时延确定的；该集中式用户配置功能向该TSN流的发送端发送该第一配置信息。
基于上述技术方案，集中式用户配置功能向集中式网络配置功能发送第一时延信息，从而集中式网络配置功能可以根据第一时延信息获取到TSN流的发送端允许的最大时延。进而，集中式网络配置功能可以根据TSN流的发送端允许的最大时延，确定满足时延需求的发包时间，即使得TSN流的发送端基于该发包时间发送数据帧时，该数据帧在TSN流的发送端与TSN流的接收端之间的传输时延不超过TSN流允许的最大时延。
此外，第一时延信息指示的TSN流允许的最大时延不超过CN PDB减去缓存时长得到的差值，从而使得终端设备与用户面网元之间的端到端时延也可以被满足。这是因为，基于TSN流允许的最大时延的时延需求，数据帧在TSN流的发送端与接收端之间的最大传输时长等于TSN流允许的最大时延，如果TSN流的发送端接收数据帧之后，没有立即发出，而是缓存了一段时间，那么数据帧在TSN流的发送端与接收端之间的最大传输时延等于TSN流允许的最大时延与缓存时长之和，也就是说，数据帧 在TSN流的发送端与接收端之间的传输时延不超过CN PDB，在此情况下，终端设备与用户面网元之间的端到端时延可以被满足。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该方法还包括：该集中式用户面配置功能确定该缓存时长，该缓存时长包括：该TSN流的发送端缓存数据帧的实际缓存时长，或，该TSN流的发送端缓存数据帧的可能的最大缓存时长。
基于上述技术方案，集中式用户配置功能可以确定实际缓存时长，并根据实际缓存时长确定最大时延，从而集中式用户配置功能不会确定出过于小的最大时延，从而避免出现传输网能力不足以满足该最大时延的情况。
或者，集中式用户配置功能可以确定可能的最大缓存时长，并根据可能的最大缓存时长确定最大时延。进而当集中式网络配置功能根据该最大时延确定TSN流的发包时间时，不论集中式网络配置功能确定的发包时间是什么时刻，TSN流的发送端与接收端之间的时延、终端设备与用户面网元之间的端到端时延都能被满足。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该缓存时长包括该可能的最大缓存时长，该集中式用户面配置功能确定该缓存时长，包括：该集中式用户配置功能确定该可能的最大缓存时长是该TSN流的发送端允许的最晚发包时间与该TSN流的发送端允许的最早发包时间之间相差的时长。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该缓存时长包括该最大缓存时长，该集中式用户面配置功能确定该缓存时长，包括：该集中式用户配置功能确定该可能的最大缓存时长是以下两个时长中的较小时长：该TSN流的发送端允许的最晚发包时间与该TSN流的发送端允许的最早发包时间之间相差的时长，该TSN流的发送端支持的最大缓存时长。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该缓存时长包括该实际缓存时长，该方法还包括：该集中式用户配置功能接收来自该集中式网络配置功能的第二配置信息，该第二配置信息指示该TSN流的发送端的发包时间；该集中式用户配置功能确定该缓存时长，包括：该集中式用户配置功能确定该实际缓存时长是该第二配置信息指示的发包时间与该最早发包时间之间相差的时长。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，若该第一配置信息指示的发包时间与该第二配置信息指示的发包时间不同，该方法还包括：该集中式用户配置功能根据该CN PDB和更新的实际缓存时长，确定该TSN流允许的更新后的最大时延，该更新后的最大时延不超过该CN PDB减去该更新的实际缓存时长得到的差值，该更新的实际缓存时长是该第一配置信息指示的发包时间与该最早发包时间之间相差的时长；该集中式用户配置功能向该集中式网络配置功能发送第二时延信息，该第二时延信息指示该更新后的最大时延；该集中式用户配置功能接收来自该集中式网络配置信息的第三配置信息，该第三配置信息指示该TSN流的发送端的发包时间，该第三配置信息指示的发包时间是根据该更新后的最大时延确定的；该集中式用户配置功能向该TSN流的发送端发送该第三配置信息。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该更新的实际缓存时长大于该实际缓存时长。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该第一配置信息指示的发包时间与该第二配置信息指示的发包时间相同，该方法还包括：该集中式用户配置功能根据该第二配置信息指示的发包时间向该集中式网络配置功能发送第一信息，该第一信息指示该最早发包时间和该最晚发包时间，该最早发包时间和该最晚发包时间与该第二配置信息指示的发包时间相同。
基于上述技术方案，第一信息指示的最早发包时间和最晚发包时间与第二配置信息指示的发包时间相同，从而集中式网络配置功能根据第一信息确定的TSN流的发送端的发包时间与第二配置信息指示的发包时间相同，即第一配置信息指示的发包时间与第二配置信息指示发包时间相同。第一配置信息指示的发包时间与第二配置信息指示发包时间相同的情况下，可以保证TSN流的发送端与接收端、终端设备与用户面网元之间的端到端时延都被满足。这是因为，若第一配置信息指示的发包时间与第二配置信息指示的发包时间不同，则TSN流的发送端根据第一配置信息指示的发包时间发送数据帧时，数据帧在TSN流的发送端的缓存时长可能大于实际缓存时长，从而导致数据帧在TSN流的发送端与接收端之间的传输时延超过CN PDB，进而导致无法满足终端设备与用户面网元之间的端到端时延。因此，第一信息指示的最早发包时间和最晚发包时间与第二配置信息指示发包时间相同的情况下，可以保证TSN流的发送端与接收端、终端设备与用户面网元之间的端到端时延都被满足。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该第一配置信息指示的发包时间在该TSN流的发 送端允许的最早发包时间和该TSN流的发送端允许的最晚发包时间之间，该方法还包括：该集中式用户配置功能根据该TSN流的发送端支持的最大缓存时长向该集中式网络配置功能发送第一信息，该第一信息指示该最早发包时间和该最晚发包时间，该最晚发包时间和该最早发包时间之间相差的时长不超过该TSN流的发送端支持的最大缓存时长。
基于上述技术方案，由于TSN流的发送端缓存数据帧的时长不会超过TSN流支持的最大缓存时长，因此，在确保TSN流的发送端允许的最晚发包时间与TSN流的最早发包时间之间相差的时长不超过TSN流支持的最大缓存时长的情况下，确定的TSN流的最晚发包时间更为合理。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该方法还包括：该集中式用户配置功能接收来自该TSN流的发送端的能力信息，该能力信息指示该TSN流的发送端支持的最大缓存时长。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该集中式用户配置功能根据CN PDB和缓存时长，确定接入网设备与用户面网元之间传输的时间敏感网络TSN流允许的最大时延，包括：该集中式用户配置功能根据该CN PDB、该缓存时长和该用户面网元的驻留时长，确定该最大时延，该最大时延不超过该CN PDB减去该缓存时长与该驻留时长之和得到的差值。
基于上述技术方案，最大时延不超过该CN PDB减去该缓存时长与该驻留时长之和得到的差值的情况下，即使在用户面网元的驻留时长较长，也可以使得TSN流的发送端与接收端之间的时延、终端设备与用户面网元之间的端到端时延都能被满足。
第二方面，提供了一种装置，该装置可以是集中式用户配置功能，或集中式用户配置功能中的部件。该装置可以包括用于执行第一方面以及第一方面中任一种可能实现方式中的方法的各个模块或单元。
第三方面，提供了一种通信装置，包括处理器。该处理器与存储器耦合，可用于执行存储器中的指令，以实现上述第一方面及第一方面中任一种可能实现方式中的方法。可选的，该通信装置还包括存储器。可选的，该通信装置还包括通信接口，处理器与通信接口耦合。
在一种实现方式中，该通信装置为集中式用户配置功能。当该通信装置为集中式用户配置功能时，该通信接口可以是收发器，或，输入/输出接口。
在另一种实现方式中，该通信装置为配置于集中式用户配置功能中的芯片。当该通信装置为配置于集中式用户配置功能中的芯片时，该通信接口可以是输入/输出接口。
可选的，该收发器可以为收发电路。可选的，该输入/输出接口可以为输入/输出电路。
第四方面，提供了一种处理器，包括：输入电路、输出电路和处理电路。所述处理电路用于通过所述输入电路接收信号，并通过所述输出电路发射信号，使得所述处理器执行第一方面中任一种可能实现方式中的方法。
在具体实现过程中，上述处理器可以为一个或多个芯片，输入电路可以为输入管脚，输出电路可以为输出管脚，处理电路可以为晶体管、门电路、触发器和各种逻辑电路等。输入电路所接收的输入的信号可以是由例如但不限于接收器接收并输入的，输出电路所输出的信号可以是例如但不限于输出给发射器并由发射器发射的，且输入电路和输出电路可以是同一电路，该电路在不同的时刻分别用作输入电路和输出电路。本申请实施例对处理器及各种电路的具体实现方式不做限定。
第五方面，提供了一种处理装置，包括处理器和存储器。该处理器用于读取存储器中存储的指令，并可通过接收器接收信号，通过发射器发射信号，以执行第一方面中任一种可能实现方式中的方法。
可选的，所述处理器为一个或多个，所述存储器为一个或多个。
可选的，所述存储器可以与所述处理器集成在一起，或者所述存储器与处理器分离设置。
在具体实现过程中，存储器可以为非瞬时性(non-transitory)存储器，例如只读存储器(read only memory，ROM)，其可以与处理器集成在同一块芯片上，也可以分别设置在不同的芯片上，本申请实施例对存储器的类型以及存储器与处理器的设置方式不做限定。
应理解，相关的数据交互过程例如发送配置信息可以为从处理器输出配置信息的过程，接收配置信息可以为处理器接收输入配置信息的过程。具体地，处理器输出的数据可以输出给发射器，处理器接收的输入数据可以来自接收器。其中，发射器和接收器可以统称为收发器。
上述第五方面中的处理装置可以是一个或多个芯片。该处理装置中的处理器可以通过硬件来实现也可以通过软件来实现。当通过硬件实现时，该处理器可以是逻辑电路、集成电路等；当通过软件来 实现时，该处理器可以是一个通用处理器，通过读取存储器中存储的软件代码来实现，该存储器可以集成在处理器中，可以位于该处理器之外，独立存在。
第六方面，提供了一种计算机程序产品，所述计算机程序产品包括：计算机程序(也可以称为代码，或指令)，当所述计算机程序被运行时，使得计算机执行上述第一方面中任一种可能实现方式中的方法。
第七方面，提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序(也可以称为代码，或指令)，当所述计算机程序在计算机上运行时，使得上述第一方面中任一种可能实现方式中的方法被执行。
第八方面，提供了一种通信系统，包括集中式网络配置功能和前述的集中式用户配置功能，该集中式用户配置功能用于执行上述第一方面及第一方面中任一种可能实现方式中的方法。
附图说明
图1是适用于本申请实施例提供的方法的通信系统的示意图；
图2是TSN的配置模型的示意图；
图3是适用于本申请实施例提供的方法的网络架构的示意图；
图4是QoS模型的一个示意图；
图5是本申请提供的通信方法的示意性流程图；
图6是本申请提供的通信方法的示意性流程图；
图7是本申请提供的通信方法的示意性流程图；
图8是本申请实施例提供的通信装置的示意图；
图9是本申请另一实施例提供的通信装置的示意性框图；
图10是本申请实施例提供的一种芯片系统的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行描述。
本申请实施例的技术方案可以应用于各种通信系统，例如，长期演进(long term evolution，LTE)系统、频分双工(frequency division duplex，FDD)系统、时分双工(time division duplex，TDD)系统、通用移动通信系统(universal mobile telecommunication system，UMTS)、全球互联微波接入(worldwide interoperability for microwave access，WiMAX)通信系统、第五代(5th generation，5G)系统或新无线(new radio，NR)、第六代(6th generation，6G)系统或未来的通信系统等。本申请中所述的5G移动通信系统包括非独立组网(non-standalone，NSA)的5G移动通信系统或独立组网(standalone，SA)的5G移动通信系统。通信系统还可以是公共陆地移动网络(public land mobile network，PLMN)、设备到设备(device to device，D2D)通信系统、机器到机器(machine to machine，M2M)通信系统、物联网(Internet of things，IoT)通信系统、车联万物(vehicle to everything，V2X)通信系统、无人机(uncrewed aerial vehicle，UAV)通信系统或者其他通信系统。
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行描述。其中，在本申请的描述中，除非另有说明，“/”表示前后关联的对象是一种“或”的关系，例如，A/B可以表示A或B；本申请中的“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况，其中A,B可以是单数或者复数。并且，在本申请的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”是指两个或多于两个。“以下至少一项(个)”或其类似表达，是指的这些项中的任意组合，包括单项(个)或复数项(个)的任意组合。例如，a，b，或c中的至少一项(个)，可以表示：a，b，c，a和b，a和c，b和c，或a和b和c，其中a，b，c可以是单个，也可以是多个。另外，为了便于清楚描述本申请实施例的技术方案，在本申请的实施例中，采用了“第一”、“第二”等字样对功能和作用基本相同的相同项或相似项进行区分。本领域技术人员可以理解“第一”、“第二”等字样并不对数量和执行次序进行限定，并且“第一”、“第二”等字样也并不限定一定不同。同时，在本申请实施例中，“示例性地”或者“例如”等词用于表示作例子、例证或说明。本申请实施例中被描述为“示例性地”或者“例如”的任何实施例或设计方案不应被解释为比其它实施例或设计方 案更优选或更具优势。确切而言，使用“示例性地”或者“例如”等词旨在以具体方式呈现相关概念，便于理解。
此外，本申请实施例描述的网络架构以及业务场景是为了更加清楚的说明本申请实施例的技术方案，并不构成对于本申请实施例提供的技术方案的限定，本领域普通技术人员可知，随着网络架构的演变和新业务场景的出现，本申请实施例提供的技术方案对于类似的技术问题，同样适用。
图1示出了本申请实施例适用的一个应用场景。
1、用户设备(user equipment，UE)：可以称为终端设备、终端、接入终端、用户单元、用户站、移动站、移动台、远方站、远程终端、移动设备、用户终端、无线通信设备、用户代理或用户装置。终端设备还可以是蜂窝电话、无绳电话、会话启动协议(session initiation protocol，SIP)电话、无线本地环路(wireless local loop，WLL)站、个人数字处理器(personal digital assistant，PDA)、具有无线通信功能的手持设备、计算设备或连接到无线调制解调器的其他处理设备、车载设备、无人机、可穿戴设备、或未来通信系统中的终端设备等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。
2、接入网(access network，AN)：为特定区域的授权用户提供入网功能，并能够根据用户的级别，业务的需求等使用不同质量的传输隧道。接入网络可以为采用不同接入技术的接入网络。目前的接入网络技术包括：第三代(3rd generation，3G)系统中采用的无线接入网技术、第四代(4th generation，4G)系统中采用的无线接入网技术、或下一代无线接入网(next generation radio access network，NG-RAN)技术(如5G系统中采用的无线接入技术等)。
基于无线通信技术实现接入网络功能的接入网可以称为无线接入网络(radio access network，RAN)。无线接入网能够管理无线资源，为终端提供接入服务，进而完成控制信号和用户数据在终端和核心网之间的转发。
无线接入网设备例如可以是基站(NodeB)、演进型基站(evolved NodeB，eNB或eNodeB)、5G移动通信系统中的下一代基站节点(next generation Node Base station，gNB)、未来移动通信系统中的基站或wifi无线热点系统中的接入点(access point，AP)等，还可以是云无线接入网络(cloud radio access network，CRAN)场景下的无线控制器，或者该无线接入网设备可以为中继站、接入点、车载设备、无人机、可穿戴设备以及5G网络中的网络设备或者演进PLMN中的网络设备等。本申请实施例对无线接入网设备所采用的具体技术和具体设备形态不做限定。
3、接入管理网元：主要用于移动性管理和接入管理、负责在用户设备与策略控制功能(policy control function，PCF)网元间传递用户策略等，可以用于实现移动性管理实体(mobile management entity，MME)功能中除会话管理之外的其他功能。例如，接入授权(鉴权)的功能。
在5G通信系统中，接入管理网元可以是接入和移动性管理功能(access and mobility management function，AMF)网元。在未来通信系统中，接入管理网元仍可以是AMF网元，或者，还可以有其他的名称，本申请不做限定。
4、会话管理网元：主要用于会话管理、用户设备的网络互连协议(Internet protocol，IP)地址的分配和管理、选择可管理用户平面功能、策略控制和收费功能接口的终结点以及下行数据通信等。
在5G通信系统中，会话管理网元可以是会话管理功能(session management function，SMF)网元。在未来通信系统中，会话管理网元仍可以是SMF网元，或者，还可以有其他的名称，本申请不做限定。
5、用户面网元：用于分组路由和转发、用户面数据的服务质量(quality of services，QoS)处理、完成用户面数据转发、基于会话/流级的计费统计，带宽限制功能等。
在5G通信系统中，用户面网元可以是用户面功能(user plane function，UPF)网元。在未来通信系统中，用户面网元仍可以是UPF网元，或者，还可以有其他名称，本申请不做限定。
6、数据网络网元：用于提供传输数据的网络。
在5G通信系统中，数据网络网元可以是数据网络(data network，DN)网元。在未来通信系统中，数据网络网元仍可以是DN网元，或者，还可以有其他名称，本申请不做限定。
7、策略控制网元：用于指导网络行为的统一策略框架，为控制面功能网元(例如AMF，SMF网元等)提供策略规则信息等。
在4G通信系统中，该策略控制网元可以是策略和计费规则功能(policy and charging rules function，PCRF)网元。在5G通信系统中，该策略控制网元可以是策略控制功能(policy control function，PCF) 网元。在未来通信系统中，该策略控制网元仍可以是PCF网元，或者，还可以有其他名称，本申请不做限定。
8、数据管理网元：用于处理用户设备标识、接入鉴权、注册以及移动性管理等。
在5G通信系统中，该数据管理网元可以是统一数据管理(unified data management，UDM)网元；在4G通信系统中，该数据管理网元可以是归属用户服务器(home subscriber serve，HSS)网元。在未来通信系统中，数据管理网元仍可以是UDM网元，或者，还可以有其他的名称，本申请不做限定。
9、网络开放功能(network exposure function，NEF)网元：用于安全地向外部开放由第三代合作伙伴项目(3rd generation partnership project，3GPP)网络功能提供的业务和能力等。
10、应用功能(application function，AF)网元：向UE提供某种应用层服务，AF在向UE提供服务时，对QoS策略和计费(charging)策略有要求，且需要通知网络。同时，AF也需要获取核心网反馈应用相关的信息。AF可以具有技术规范(technological specification，TS)23.501R-15版本中定义的AF的所有功能，以及具有用于应用业务的相关功能。也就是说，在用户面架构中，应用服务器与UE是通过UE-RAN-UPF-AF的路径进行用户面通信。AF还可以在控制面架构中，通过NEF与5G核心网(5G core network，5GC)中的其他网络功能(network function，NF)进行通信。比如通过NEF与PCF通信。如果AF由5GC的运营商布置，则AF还可在控制面架构中，即AF处于可信域内，不通过NEF与5GC中的其他NF进行直接通信，比如直接与PCF通信。
图1中N1、N2、N3、N4、N5、N6、N7、N8、N9、N10、N33以及N52为接口序列号。这些接口序列号的含义可参见3GPPTS23.501定义的含义。
应理解，上述应用于本申请实施例的网络架构仅是举例说明，适用于本申请实施例的网络架构并不局限于此，任何能够实现上述各网元的功能的网络架构都适用于本申请实施例。
还应理解，图1所示的AMF、SMF、UPF、NEF、PCF、UDM等可以理解为核心网中用于实现不同功能的网元，例如可以按需组合成网络切片。这些核心网网元可以是各自独立的设备，也可以集成于同一设备中实现不同的功能，本申请对于上述网元的具体形态不作限定。
还应理解，上述命名仅为便于区分不同的功能而定义，不应对本申请构成任何限定。本申请并不排除在5G网络以及未来其他的网络中采用其他命名的可能。例如，在6G网络中，上述各个网络中的部分或全部可以沿用5G中的术语，也可能采用其他名称等。图1中的各个网元之间的接口名称只是一个示例，具体实现中接口的名称可能为其他的名称，本申请对此不作具体限定。此外，上述各个网元之间所传输的消息(或信令)的名称也仅仅是一个示例，对消息本身的功能不构成任何限定。
在传统以太网络的转发过程中，当大量的数据包在一瞬间抵达转发端口时，会造成转发时延大或者丢包的问题，因此，传统以太网不能提供高可靠性、传输时延有保障的服务，无法满足汽车控制、工业互联网等领域的需求。针对可靠时延传输的需求，电气和电子工程师协会(institute of electrical and electronics engineer，IEEE)定义了时延敏感网络(time sensitive network，TSN)标准，该标准基于二层交换来提供可靠时延传输服务，保障时延敏感的业务数据传输的可靠性、以及可预测的端到端的传输时延。
图2示出了一种TSN的全集中式配置模型，该配置模型包括：集中式用户配置(centralized user configuration，CUC)网元、集中式网络配置(centralized network configuration，CNC)网元、一个或多个TSN终端(例如，图2中的接收端和发送端)、以及一个或多个交换节点(例如，图2中的网桥(bridge(s))。其中，该配置模型的管理面包括：CUC网元和CNC网元。
CUC网元：用于管理TSN终端和业务，例如，CUC网元负责发现和管理TSN终端、获取TSN终端的能力以及用户需求、向CNC网元发送TSN流(stream)的需求、以及根据CNC网元的指示配置TSN终端。
CNC网元：负责管理TSN用户面的拓扑(包括TSN终端和各个交换节点)和各个交换节点的能力信息、根据TSN流的需求计算生成TSN流的端到端(end-to-end，E2E)转发路径、以及下发调度参数到各个交换节点上。
交换节点：用于向CNC网元上报交换节点的能力信息和拓扑信息、基于CNC网元下发的规则调度转发数据流。本申请不限定交换节点的具体类型，例如，交换节点可以是网桥、交换机、或路由器等。下文将以交换节点为网桥为例进行说明。
发送端：是数据的发送端。该配置模型中，可以有一个或多个发送端。发送端也可以称为发起者、流服务提供者、或talker等，下文统一称为发送端。
接收端：是数据的接收端。该配置模型中，可以有一个或多个接收者。接收端也可以称为倾听者、流服务接收者、或listener等，下文统一称为接收端。
需要说明的是，这里的发送端和接收端可以指通信装置。
图3示出了另一种3GPP和TSN互通的系统架构示意图。在图3所示的系统架构中，若RAN和UPF支持TSN终端(endstation)的能力，则RAN和UPF可以分别作为TSN流的发送端和接收端。例如，在上行方向，RAN作为TSN流的发送端，UPF作为TSN流的接收端；在下行方向，UPF作为TSN流的发送端，RAN作为TSN流的接收端。5GS中的控制面网元，例如SMF，可以作为TSN中CUC，即SMF可以获取talker组信息和/或listener组信息，并通过用户/网络接口(user network interface，UNI)向传输网(transport network，TN)CNC发送talker组信息和/或listener组信息。进而，TN CNC使用talker组信息和/或listener组信息配置传输网中的网桥，并将状态(status)组信息发送至SMF。进而，SMF根据状态组信息配置发送端和接收端，即配置RAN和UPF。需要说明的是，TN CNC指的是传输网中的CNC，传输网位于RAN和UPF之间，传输网传递的业务流为5G网络中的业务流。
其中，SMF获取的talker组信息用于指示单个TSN流的发送端，listener组信息用于指示单个TSN流的接收端。即在图3所示的系统架构中，若TSN流的方向是上行，则talker组信息用于指示RAN，listener组信息用于指示UPF；若TSN流的方向是下行，则talker组信息用于指示UPF，listener组信息用于指示RAN。
若SMF获取的talker组信息包括“最大时延(MaxLatency)”这一参数，则TSN流的发送端发送的数据帧到所有接收端的时延均需满足MaxLatency。若SMF获取的listener组信息包括“MaxLatency”这一参数，则TSN流的发送端发送的数据帧到该listener组信息指示的接收端的时延需满足“MaxLatency”。
在5G系统中，为了保证业务端到端的服务质量，提出了基于QoS流(QoS flow)的5G QoS模型，如图4所示。该5G QoS模型支持保证比特率(guaranteedbit rate，GBR)的QoS flow(即图4所示的GBR QoS flow)和不保证比特率的QoS flow(即图4所示的非GBR(non-GBR)QoS flow)。使用同一个QoS flow控制的数据包接受相同的传输处理(如调度、准入门限等)。
如图4所示，对于一个UE，可以与5G网络建立一个或者多个协议数据单元(protocol data unit，PDU)会话，每个PDU会话可以建立一个或者多个QoS flow。一个QoS流可以对应一组特性信息，该一组特性信息中包括数据包延迟预算(packet delay budget，PDB)，PDB定义了数据包在UE和UPF的N6终结点之间可能延迟的时长的上限，PDB可以拆分为接入网(access network，AN)PDB和核心网(core network，CN)PDB，AN PDB定义了数据包在UE和RAN之间可能延迟的时长的上限，CN PDB定义了数据包在RAN和UPF的N6终结点时间可能延迟的时长的上限。
在上述图3所示的系统架构中，SMF会将TSN流绑定至一个QoS flow，即QoS flow与TSN流之间有对应关系。在此情况下，TSN流中的数据帧在RAN与UPF之间的传输时延应满足talker组信息和/或listener组信息中的“MaxLatency”，并且该数据帧在UE和UPF之间的传输时延还应满足TSN流绑定的QoS流对应的PDB。
有鉴于此，本申请实施例提供一种通信方法，以期在TSN与5GS互通的场景下，使得TSN流的发送端与接收端之间的端到端时延、UE与UPF之间的端到端时延都满足要求。
图5示出了本申请实施例提供的通信方法500的示意性流程图，该方法500可以包括以下步骤：
S510，集中式用户配置功能向集中式网络配置功能发送第一时延信息。
相应地，在S510中，集中式网络配置功能接收来自集中式用户配置功能的第一时延信息。
其中，集中式用户配置功能部署在5GS中的控制面网元中，或者说，集中式用户配置功能与5GS中的控制面网元合设。例如，集中式用户配置功能部署在5GS的SMF网元中，或者说，集中式用户配置功能与5GS中的SMF网元合设。集中式网络配置功能属于传输网。
第一时延信息用于指示TSN流允许的最大时延(MaxLatency)，TSN流是在接入网设备与用户面网元之间传输的TSN流，即，接入网设备是TSN流的发送端，用户面网元是TSN流的接收端，或者，接入网设备是TSN流的接收端，用户面网元是TSN流的发送端。
TSN流允许的最大时延是根据CN PDB和缓存时长确定的，且TSN流允许的最大时长不超过CN PDB减去缓存时长得到的差值。
一种可能的实现方式中，缓存时长为TSN流的发送端缓存数据帧的实际缓存时长。实际缓存时长是第二配置信息指示的TSN流的发送端的发包时间与TSN流的发送端允许的最早发包时间之间相差的时长。
其中，第二配置信息用于指示TSN流的发送端的发包时间，第二配置信息是集中式网络配置功能向集中式用户配置功能发送的。示例性的，在TSN流中的数据帧是周期性发送的情况下，第二配置信息指示的发包时间可以用时间感知偏移(timeawareoffset)表征，时间感知偏移指的是TSN流的发送端在发送周期内发送第一个数据帧的时刻相对周期开始时刻的偏移量。
在TSN流中的数据帧是周期性发送的情况下，TSN流的发送端允许的最早发包时间可以用最早传输偏移(earlisttransmitoffset)表征，最早传输偏移指的是TSN流的发送端在发送周期内发送第一个数据帧的时刻相对周期开始时刻的最早偏移量。
例如，若TSN流的发送端是接入网设备，则最早传输偏移可以根据如下公式计算：earlisttransmitoffset＝UL BAT+AN PDB-M×间隔。其中，UL BAT是上行(uplink，UL)突发到达时间(burst arrival time，BAT)，即UL BAT指的是上行数据帧到达UE出口的时间，或者说UL BAT指的是UE向接入网设备发送上行数据帧的时间。M是整数，且M取能够保证如下公式成立的最大值：(UL BAT+AN PDB)＞M×间隔。间隔指的是业务流规格(traffic specification)不能超过的时间段，业务流规格由每个间隔的最大帧数(MaxFramesPerInterval)和最大帧尺寸(MaxFrameSize)定义。例如，间隔是接入网设备发送预定义数量的帧的最大时长，该预定义数量的帧中每个帧可以都是接入网设备支持发送的最大长度的数据帧。预定义数量可以用MaxFramesPerInterval表示，接入网设备支持发送的最大长度的数据帧的大小可以用MaxFrameSize表示。
若TSN流的发送端是用户面网元，则最早传输偏移可以根据如下公式计算：earlisttransmitoffset＝DL BAT+UPF驻留时长-M×间隔。其中，DL BAT是下行(downlink，DL)突发到达时间，即DL BAT指的是下行数据帧到达UPF入口的时间，或者说DL BAT指的是UPF接收到下行数据帧的时间。UPF驻留时长指的是用户面网元接收到下行数据帧的时间与用户面网元发送该下行数据帧的时间之间相差的时长。M是整数，且M取能够保证如下公式成立的最大值：(DL BAT+UPF驻留时长)＞M×间隔。间隔指的是业务流规格不能超过的时间段，业务流规格由MaxFramesPerInterval和MaxFrameSize定义。例如，间隔是用户面网元发送预定义数量的帧的最大时长，该预定义数量的帧中每个帧都是用户面支持发送的最大长度的数据帧。
可选的，若TSN流的发送端是用户面网元，则最早传输偏移可以根据如下公式计算：earlisttransmitoffset＝DL BAT-M×间隔，M是整数，且M取能够保证如下公式成立的最大值：DL BAT＞M×间隔。
示例性的，在缓存时长为实际缓存时长的情况下，若TSN流允许的最大时延等于CN PDN减去缓存时长得到的差值，则TSN流允许的最大时延可以表示为：MaxLatency＝CN PDB-(timeawareoffset-earlisttransmitoffset)。
可选的，TSN流允许的最大时延还可以小于CN PDB减去缓存时长得到的差值。例如，TSN流允许的最大时延等于CN PDB减去缓存时长与预设时长之和得到的差值，即TSN流允许的最大时延可以表示为：MaxLatency＝CN PDB-(timeawareoffset-earlisttransmitoffset+△t)。△t表示预设时长，预设时长可以是任意时长，本申请实施例对此不做限定。需要说明的是，预设时长不同于UPF驻留时长。
又例如，TSN流允许的最大时延等于CN PDB减去时长#2得到的差值，则TSN流允许的最大时延可以表示为：MaxLatency＝CN PDB-时长#2。其中，时长#2等于实际缓存时长，或者，时长#2等于实际缓存时长与预设时长之和，或者，时长#2等于实际缓存时长与UPF驻留时长之和，或者时长#2等于间隔，即只要时长#2的值为不小于时间缓存时长的值即可，本申请实施例对此不做限定。
一种可能的实现方式中，缓存时长为TSN流的发送端缓存数据帧的可能的最大缓存时长。
示例性的，可能的最大缓存时长是TSN流的发送端允许的最晚发包时间与TSN流的发送端允许的最早发包时间之间相差的时长。
在TSN流中的数据帧是周期性发送的情况下，TSN流的发送端允许的最晚发包时间可以用最晚传 输偏移(latesttransmitoffset)表征，最晚传输偏移指的是TSN流的发送端在发送周期内发送第一个数据帧的时刻相对周期开始时刻的最晚偏移值。示例性的，最晚传输偏移可以根据如下公式计算：latesttransmitoffset＝earlisttransmitoffset+间隔-(抖动+时长#1)。其中，抖动(jitter)指的是TSN流的发送端的实际发包时间与理想同步网络时间之间的最大时间差，时长#1指的是TSN流的发送端支持发送的最大长度的数据帧在TSN流的发送端与TSN流的接收端之间的传输时长。
在缓存时长为可能的最大缓存时长的情况下，若TSN流允许的最大时延等于CN PDB减去缓存时长得到的差值，则TSN流允许的最大时延可以表示为：MaxLatency＝CN PDB-(latesttransmitoffset-earlisttransmitoffset)。
可选的，TSN流允许的最大时延还可以小于CN PDB减去缓存时长得到的差值。例如，TSN流允许的最大时延等于CN PDB减去缓存时长与预设时长之和得到的差值，即TN流允许的最大时延可以表示为：MaxLatency＝CN PDB-(latesttransmitoffset-earlisttransmitoffset+△t)。
又例如，TSN流允许的最大时延等于CN PDB减去时长#3得到的差值，则TSN流允许的最大时延可以表示为：MaxLatency＝CN PDB-时长#3。其中，时长#3等于可能的最大缓存时长，时长#3等于可能的最大缓存时长与预设时长之和，或者，时长#3等于可能的最大缓存时长与UPF驻留时长之和，或者时长#3等于间隔，或者，只要时长#3的值为不小于可能的最大缓存时长的值即可。本申请实施例对此不做限定。
又示例性的，可能的最大缓存时长是以下两个时长中的较小时长：TSN流的发送端允许的最晚发包时间与TSN流的发送端允许的最早发包时间之间相差的时长，TSN流的发送端支持的最大缓存时长。
可选的，TSN流允许的最大时延是根据CN PDB、缓存时长和UPF驻留时长确定的，且TSN流允许的最大时长不超过CN PDB减去缓存时长与UPF驻留时长之和得到的差值。示例性的，当UPF驻留时长较大，例如UPF驻留时长与CN PDB数量级相近，或UPF驻留时长与CN PDB相比无法忽略时，TSN流允许的最大时长不超过CN PDB减去缓存时长与UPF驻留时长之和得到的差值。
例如，TSN流允许的最大时延等于CN PDB减去缓存时长与UPF驻留时长之和得到的差值，则TSN流允许的最大时延可以表示为：MaxLatency＝CN PDB-(latesttransmitoffset-earlisttransmitoffset+UPF驻留时长)，或者表示为：MaxLatency＝CN PDB-(timeawareoffset-earlisttransmitoffset+UPF驻留时长)。
又例如，TSN流允许的最大时延小于CN PDB减去缓存时长与UPF驻留时长之和得到的差值，例如TSN流允许的最大时延可以表示为：MaxLatency＝CN PDB-(latesttransmitoffset-earlisttransmitoffset+UPF驻留时长+△t)，或者表示为：MaxLatency＝CN PDB-(timeawareoffset-earlisttransmitoffset+UPF驻留时长+△t)。
又例如，TSN流允许的最大时延等于CN PDB减去时长#4得到的差值，则TSN流允许的最大时延可以表示为：MaxLatency＝CN PDB-时长#4。其中，时长#4等于缓存时长与UPF驻留时长之和，或者，时长#4等于缓存时长、UPF驻留时长和预设时长之和，或者时长#4等于间隔，即只要时长#4的值为不小于缓存时长与UPF驻留时长之和的值即可。本申请实施例对此不做限定。
本申请实施例对第一时延信息不做限定。例如，第一时延信息包括TSN流允许的最大时延。又例如，第一时延信息包括CN PDB和缓存时长。再例如，第一时延信息包括CN PDB、缓存时长和UPF驻留时长。再例如，第一时延信息包括CN PDB、缓存时长、UPF驻留时长和预设时长。再例如，第一时延信息包括CN PDB和时长#2，或者，包括CN PDB和时长#3，或者，包括CN PDB和时长#4。
一种可能的实现方式中，第一时延信息包括TSN流允许的最大时延。例如，最大时延预配置在集中式用户配置功能中。又例如，若集中式用户配置功能中没有预配置最大时延，则在S510之前，方法500还包括S511。
S511，集中式用户配置功能根据CN PDB和缓存时长确定最大时延。
例如，集中式用户配置功能根据CN PDB和缓存时长，确定TSN流允许的最大时延等于CN PDB减去缓存时长得到的差值，或者，集中式用户配置功能根据CN PDB和缓存时长，确定TSN流允许的最大时延小于CN PDB减去缓存时长得到差值，例如，集中式用户配置功能确定最大时延等于CN PDB减去缓存时长与预设时长之和得到的差值。
又例如，集中式用户配置功能根据CN PDB、缓存时长和UPF驻留时长，确定TSN流的最大时延 等于CN PDB减去缓存时长与UPF驻留时长之和得到的差值。或者，集中式用户配置功能根据CN PDB、缓存时长和UPF驻留时长，确定TSN流允许的最大时延小于CN PDB减去缓存时长与UPF驻留时长之和得到差值，例如，集中式用户配置功能确定最大时延等于CN PDB减去缓存时长与UPF驻留时长之和之后，再减去预设时长得到的差值。
又例如，集中式用户配置功能根据CN PDB和时长#2，确定TSN流允许的最大时延等于CN PDB减去时长#2得到的的差值，或者，集中式用户配置功能根据CN PDB和时长#3，确定TSN流允许的最大时延等于CN PDB减去时长#3得到的的差值，集中式用户配置功能根据CN PDB和时长#4，确定TSN流允许的最大时延等于CN PDB减去时长#4得到的的差值。
其中，缓存时长可以预配置在集中式用户配置功能中。或者，若集中式用户配置功能中没有预配置缓存时长，则在S511之前，方法500还包括S512。
S512，集中式用户配置功能确定缓存时长。
若缓存时长为实际缓存时长，则集中式用户配置功能确定缓存时长的方式包括：集中式用户配置功能接收来自集中式网络配置功能的第二配置信息；集中式用户配置功能根据第二配置信息指示的发包时间和TSN流的发送端允许的最早发包时间确定实际缓存时长，即确定实际缓存时长是第二配置信息指示的发包时间与TSN流的发送端允许的最早发包时间之间相差的时长。
示例性的，集中式用户配置功能中保存一个标志(flag)，该标志用于指示集中式用户配置功能是否已接收到第二配置信息。若该标志用于指示集中式用户配置功能已接收到第二配置信息时，集中式用户配置功能可以根据第二配置信息指示的发包时间和TSN流的发送端允许的最早发包时间确定实际缓存时长。例如，该标志的取值为“0”或“1”，当该标志的取值为“1”时，该标志用于指示集中式用户配置功能已接收到第二配置信息，当该标志的取值为“0”时，该标志用于指示集中式用户配置功能未接收到第二配置信息；或者，当该标志的取值为“0”时，该标志用于指示集中式用户配置功能已接收到第二配置信息，当该标志的取值为“1”时，该标志用于指示集中式用户配置功能未接收到第二配置信息。
又示例性的，集中式用户配置功能维护与该TSN流对应的计数器，当集中式用户配置功能向集中式网络配置功能指示了TSN流允许的最大时延之后，计数器的值加1。可以理解，集中式用户配置功能向集中式网络配置功能指示了TSN流允许的最大时延之后，集中式网络配置功能可以根据该TSN流的最大时延向集中式用户配置功能发送第二配置信息。进而，集中式用户配置功能可以根据第二配置信息指示的发包时间和TSN流的发送端允许的最早发包时间确定实际缓存时长。也就是说，若计数器的值大于初始值，则表示集中式用户配置功能已接收到了第二配置信息，则集中式用户配置功能可以通过第二配置信息指示的发包时间和TSN流的发送端允许的最早发包时间确定实际缓存时长。
若缓存时长为可能的最大缓存时长，则集中式用户配置功能确定缓存时长的方式包括：集中式用户配置功能根据TSN流的发送端允许的最早发包时间和最晚发包时间确定可能的最大缓存时长，即确定可能的最大缓存时长是TSN流的发送端允许的最晚发包时间与最早发包时间之间相差的时长。
或者，集中式用户配置功能确定缓存时长的方式包括：集中式用户配置功能根据TSN流的发送端支持的最大缓存时长，确定可能的最大缓存时长，即集中式用户配置功能确定可能的最大缓存时长等于TSN流的发送端支持的最大缓存时长。
或者，集中式用户配置功能确定缓存时长的方式包括：集中式用户配置功能根据TSN流的发送端允许的最早发包时间、TSN流的发送端允许的最晚发包时间和TSN流的发送端支持的最大缓存时长，确定可能的最大缓存时长，即集中式用户配置功能确定可能的最大缓存时长是以下两个时长中的较小时长：TSN流的发送端允许的最晚发包时间与TSN流的发送端允许的最早发包时间之间相差的时长，TSN流的发送端支持的最大缓存时长。
TSN流支持的最大缓存时长预配置在集中式用户配置功能中，或者是集中式用户配置功能根据接收的能力信息确定的，即在S512之前，方法500还包括S513。
S513，发送端向集中式用户配置功能发送能力信息。相应的，在S513中，集中式用户配置功能接收来自发送端的能力信息。
该发送端是TSN流的发送端，该能力信息用于指示TSN流的发送端支持的最大缓存时长。
示例性的，在PDU会话建立流程中，TSN流的发送端向集中式用户配置功能发送(例如，通过透明容器发送)能力信息。
一种可能的实现方式中，若第一时延信息包括缓存时长，且集中式用户配置功能中未预配置缓存时长，则在S510之前，方法500还包括S512。
可选的，方法500还包括S514。
S514，集中式用户配置功能向集中式网络配置功能发送第一信息。相应的，在S514中，集中式网络配置功能接收来自集中式用户配置功能的第一信息。
第一信息指示TSN流的发送端允许的最早发包时间和TSN流的发送端允许的最晚发包时间。
示例性的，第一信息指示的最晚发包时间与最早发包时间之间相差的时长，不超过TSN流的发送端支持的最大缓存时长。即集中式用户配置功能在确定TSN流的发送端允许的最早发包时间和TSN流的发送端允许的最晚发包时间时，确保TSN流允许的最早发包时间与TSN流的发送端允许的最晚发包时间之间的相差的时长不超过TSN流的发送端支持的最大缓存时长。例如，集中式用户配置功能可以根据如下公式确定TSN流的发送端允许的最晚发包时间：TSN流允许的最晚发包时间＝TSN流允许的最早发包时间+TSN流的发送端允许的最大缓存时长。又例如，集中式用户配置功能可以根据如下公式确定TSN流的发送端允许的最晚发包时间：latesttransmitoffset＝min{[earlisttransmitoffset+间隔-(抖动+时长#1)]，[earlisttransmitoffset+TSN流的发送端支持的最大缓存时长]}。
其中，TSN流支持的最大缓存时长预配置在集中式用户配置功能中，或者是集中式用户配置功能根据接收的能力信息确定的，即在S512之前，方法500还包括S513。
又示例性的，第一信息指示的最晚发包时间和最早发包时间与第二配置信息指示的发包时间相同。即集中式用户配置功能将第二配置信息指示的发包时间确定为TSN流的发送端允许的最早发包时间和TSN流的发送端允许的最晚发包时间，并通过第一信息指示给集中式网络配置功能。
集中式用户配置功能发送的第一时延信息和第一信息可以携带在同一条消息中，也可以携带在不同的消息中，本申请实施例对此不做限定。
S520，集中式网络配置功能向集中式用户配置功能发送第一配置信息。
相应的，在S520中，集中式用户配置功能接收来自集中式网络配置功能的第一配置信息。
第一配置信息指示TSN流的发送端的发包时间，第一配置信息指示的发包时间是根据第一时延信息指示的TSN流允许的最大时延确定的。需要说明的是，在第一配置信息指示的发包时间是根据TSN流允许的最大时延确定的情况下，当TSN流的发送端基于第一配置信息指示的发包时间发送数据帧时，该数据帧在TSN流的发送端与TSN流的接收端之间的传输时长不超过TSN流允许的最大时延。
示例性的，若集中式网络配置功能接收到的第一时延信息包括TSN流允许的最大时延，则集中式网络配置功能直接根据TSN流允许的最大时延确定第一配置信息。
又示例性的，若集中式网络配置功能接收到的第一时延信息包括CN PDB和缓存时长，或者，包括CN PDB、缓存时长和UPF驻留时长，或者，包括CN PDB、缓存时长、UPF驻留时长和预设时长，或者，包括CN PDB和时长#2，或者，包括CN PDB和时长#3，或者，包括CN PDB和时长#4，则集中式网络配置功能首先根据第一时延信息确定TSN流允许的最大时延，然后再根据TSN流允许的最大时延确定第一配置信息，或者，集中式网络配置功能直接根据第一时延信息包括的参数确定第一配置信息。
可选的，若集中式网络配置网元接收到第一信息，则第一配置信息指示的发包时间是根据TSN流允许的最大时延和第一信息确定的，第一配置信息指示的发包时间在TSN流的发送端允许的最早发包时间和TSN流的发送端允许的最晚发包时间之间。
可以理解，若第一信息指示的最早发包时间和最晚发包时间与第二配置信息指示的发包时间相同，则集中式网络配置功能根据第一时延信息和第一信息确定的发包时间与第二配置信息指示的发包时间相同，从而可以保证TSN流的发送端与接收端、终端设备与用户面网元之间的端到端时延都被满足。换句话说，若第一信息指示的最早发包时间和最晚发包时间与第二配置信息指示发包时间相同，则可以避免集中式网络配置功能确定的发包时间与第二配置信息指示的发包时间不同，从而不必进行下文的S540和S550。在集中式网络配置功能确定的发包时间与第二配置信息指示的发包时间不同的情况下，若TSN流的发送端根据集中式网络配置功能确定的发包时间发送数据帧时，数据帧在TSN流的发送端的缓存时长可能大于实际缓存时长，从而导致数据帧在TSN流的发送端与接收端之间的传输时延超过CN PDB，进而导致无法满足终端设备与用户面网元之间的端到端时延。因此，第一信息指示的 最早发包时间和最晚发包时间与第二配置信息指示发包时间相同的情况下，可以保证TSN流的发送端与接收端、终端设备与用户面网元之间的端到端时延都被满足。
S530，集中式用户配置功能向发送端发送第一配置信息。
相应的，在S530中，发送端接收来自集中式用户配置功能的第一配置信息。
该发送端是TSN流的发送端，发送端接收到第一配置信息之后，根据第一配置信息确定发包时间，并根据该发包时间发送数据帧。示例性的，发送端确定的发包时间是第一配置信息指示的发包时间。又示例性的，若集中式网络配置功能上的第一时钟与TSN流的发送端上的第二时钟不同步，且第一时钟与第二时钟之间的同步误差为△t1，则发送端根据确定的发包时间是第一配置信息指示的发包时间减去△t1得到的时间。
一种可能的实现方式中，在S530中，集中式用户配置功能根据第一配置信息向发送端发送第四配置信息，第四配置信息用于指示TSN流的发送端的发包时间。
例如，若第一时钟与第二时钟不同步，则集中式用户配置功能接收到第一配置信息之后，根据第一时钟与第二时钟的同步误差△t1，确定第四配置信息，并将第四配置信息发送至TSN流的发送端。例如，第一配置信息指示的发包时间是时刻t1，则第四配置信息指示的发包时间是时刻(t1-△t1)。
相应的，发送端接收到来自集中式用户配置功能的第四配置信息之后，根据第四配置信息指示的发包时间发送数据帧。
在本申请实施例中，集中式用户配置功能向集中式网络配置功能发送第一时延信息，从而集中式网络配置功能可以根据第一时延信息获取到TSN流的发送端允许的最大时延。进而，集中式网络配置功能可以根据TSN流的发送端允许的最大时延，确定满足时延需求的发包时间，即使得TSN流的发送端基于该发包时间发送数据帧时，该数据帧在TSN流的发送端与TSN流的接收端之间的传输时延不超过TSN流允许的最大时延。
此外，第一时延信息指示的TSN流允许的最大时延不超过CN PDB减去缓存时长得到的差值，从而使得终端设备与用户面网元之间的端到端时延也可以被满足。这是因为，基于TSN流允许的最大时延的时延需求，数据帧在TSN流的发送端与接收端之间的最大传输时长等于TSN流允许的最大时延，如果TSN流的发送端接收数据帧之后，没有立即发出，而是缓存了一段时间，那么数据帧在TSN流的发送端与接收端之间的最大传输时延等于TSN流允许的最大时延与缓存时长之和，也就是说，数据帧在TSN流的发送端与接收端之间的传输时延不超过CN PDB，在此情况下，终端设备与用户面网元之间的端到端时延可以被满足。
可选的，若在S510之前，集中式用户配置功能接收到来自集中式网络配置功能的第二配置信息，且第一配置信息指示的发包时间与第二配置信息指示的发包时间不同，则方法500还可以包括S540至S560。或者，若第一配置信息指示的发包时间与TSN流的发送端允许的最早发包时间之间相差的时长，大于第二配置信息指示的发包时间与TSN流的发送端允许的最早发包时间之间相差的时长，则方法500还可以包括S540至S560。
需要说明的是，在第一配置信息指示的发包时间与第二配置信息指示的发包时间不同的情况下，方法500可以不执行S530。
S540，集中式用户配置功能向集中式网络配置功能发送第二时延信息。
相应地，在S510中，集中式网络配置功能接收来自集中式用户配置功能的第二时延信息。
第二时延信息用于指示TSN流允许的更新后的最大时延。可以理解，第二时延信息指示的最大时延与第一时延信息指示的最大时延不同。
TSN流允许的更新后的最大时延是根据CN PDB和更新的实际缓存时长确定的，且更新后的最大时延不超过CN PDB减去更新的实际缓存时长得到的差值，更新的实际缓存时长是第一配置信息指示的发包时间与TSN流的发送端允许的最早发包时间之间相差的时长。
示例性的，更新后的最大时延MaxLatency’可以表示为：MaxLatency’＝CN PDB-(timeawareoffset’-earlisttransmitoffset)，timeawareoffset’是第一配置信息指示的发包时间的一个示例。或者，更新后的最大时延可以表示为：MaxLatency’＝CN PDB-(timeawareoffset’-earlisttransmitoffset+△t)。或者，更新后的最大时延可以表示为：MaxLatency’＝CN PDB-(timeawareoffset’-earlisttransmitoffset+△t+UPF驻留时长)。或者，更新后的最大时延可以表示为：MaxLatency’＝CN PDB-时长#5，时长#5＝ (timeawareoffset’-earlisttransmitoffset)，或者，时长#5＝(timeawareoffset’-earlisttransmitoffset+△t)，或者，时长#5＝(timeawareoffset’-earlisttransmitoffset+△t+UPF驻留时长)，或者，时长#5＝间隔，即只要时长#5为不小于(timeawareoffset’-earlisttransmitoffset)的值即可。
本申请实施例对第二时延信息不做限定。例如，第二时延信息包括更新后的最大时延。又例如，第一时延信息包括CN PDB和更新的实际缓存时长。再例如，第二时延信息包括CN PDB、更新的实际缓存时长和UPF驻留时长。再例如，第二时延信息包括CN PDB、更新的实际缓存时长、UPF驻留时长和预设时长。
若第二时延信息包括更新后的最大时延。则在S540之前，方法500还包括：集中式用户配置功能确定更新后的最大时延。例如，集中式用户配置功能根据CN PDB和更新的实际缓存时长，确定更新后的最大时延等于CN PDB减去更新的实际缓存时长得到的差值。或者集中式用户配置功能根据CN PDB和更新的实际缓存时长，确定更新后的最大时延小于CN PDB减去更新的实际缓存时长得到的差值。集中式用户配置功能确定更新后的最大时延的方式可以参考上文S511中的描述。
若第二时延信息包括更新的实际缓存时长。则在S540之前，方法500还包括：集中式用户配置功能确定更新的实际缓存时长。集中式用户配置功能根据第一配置信息指示的发包时间和TSN流的发送端允许的最早发包时间，确定更新的实际缓存时长。集中式用户配置功能确定更新的实际缓存时长的方式可以参考上文S512中的描述。
S550，集中式网络配置功能向集中式用户配置功能发送第三配置信息。
相应的，在S550中，集中式用户配置功能接收来自集中式网络配置功能的第三配置信息。
第三配置信息指示TSN流的发送端的发包时间，第三配置信息指示的发包时间是根据第二时延信息指示的更新后的最大时延确定的。
S550可以参考上文S520中的描述，为了简洁，此处不再详述。
S560，集中式用户配置功能向发送端发送第三配置信息。
相应的，在S560中，发送端接收来自集中式用户配置功能的第三配置信息。
该发送端是TSN流的发送端，发送端接收到第三配置信息之后，根据第三配置信息确定发包时间，并根据该发包时间发送数据帧。
或者，在S560中，集中式用户配置功能根据第三配置信息向发送端发送第五配置信息，第五配置信息指示TSN流的发送端的发包时间。例如，若第一时钟与第二时钟不同步，则集中式用户配置功能接收到第一配置信息之后，根据第一时钟与第二时钟的同步误差△t1，确定第四配置信息，并将第四配置信息发送至TSN流的发送端。
需要说明的是，若发送端接收到多个配置信息，则发送端根据最后接收到的配置信息确定发包时间。例如，发送端接收到第一配置信息和第三配置信息，则发送端根据第三配置信息确定发包时间。
可选的，若第三配置信息指示的发包时间与第一配置信息指示的发包时间不同，则方法500继续执行类似于S540和S550的步骤，直至集中式网络配置功能向集中式用户配置功能发送的连续两个配置信息指示的发包时间相同，或者，直至集中式网络配置功能向集中式用户配置功能发送的连续两个配置信息中，后发送的配置信息指示的发包时间与TSN流的发送端允许的最早发包时间之间相差的时长，不大于先发送的配置信息指示的发包时间与TSN流的发送端允许的最早发包时间之间相差的时长。
例如，TSN流的发送端允许的最早发包时间是T1，第二配置信息指示的发包时间是T2，TSN流允许的最大时延等于CN PDB减去实际缓存时长得到的差值，即MaxLatency＝CN PDB-(T2-T1)，(T2-T1)为实际缓存时长。在第一配置信息指示的发包时间是T3的情况下，TSN流的发送端在时间T3发送数据帧时，数据帧在TSN流的发送端的缓存时长为(T3-T1)，数据帧在TSN流的发送端与接收端之间的传输时长不超过TSN流允许的最大时延，则数据帧在TSN流的发送端与接收端之间的最大传输时延可以表示为：最大传输时延＝(T3-T1)+CN PDB-(T2-T1)。若T3＝T2，则数据帧在TSN流的发送端与接收端之间的最大传输时延为CN PDB，可以保证满足终端设备与用户面网元之间的端到端时延；若T2与T3不同，则可能出现(T3-T1)＞(T2-T1)的情况，此时，数据帧在TSN流的发送端与接收端之间的最大传输时延超过CN PDB，即不能保证满足终端设备与用户面网元之间的端到端时延。
因此，为了保证满足终端设备与用户面网元之间的端到端时延，在第一配置信息指示的发包时间(T3)与第二配置信息指示的发包时间(T2)不同，或者，更新的实际缓存时长(T3-T1)大于实际缓 存时长(T2-T1)时，集中式用户配置功能根据(T3-T1)确定更新后的最大时延，例如更新后的最大时延等于CN PDB减去(T3-T1)得到的差值，并通过第二时延信息向集中式网络配置功能指示更新后的最大时延。相应的，集中式网络配置功能根据更新后的最大时延向集中式用户配置功能发送第三配置信息，第三配置信息指示的发包时间记为T4。类似的，当TSN流的发送端根据第三配置信息指示的发包时间发送数据帧时，数据帧在TSN流的发送端与接收端之间的最大传输时延可以表示为：最大传输时延＝(T4-T1)+CN PDB-(T3-T1)。若T3＝T4，最大传输时延等于CN PDB，则终端设备和用户面网元之间的端到端时延能被满足。当然，若(T4-T1)＜(T3-T1)，最大传输时延小于CN PDB，终端设备和用户面网元之间的端到时延也能被满足。即集中式网络配置功能向集中式用户配置功能发送的连续两个配置信息(第一配置信息和第三配置信息)指示的发包时间相同，或者，后发送的第三配置信息指示的发包时间与TSN流的发送端允许的最早发包时间之间相差的时长，不大于先发送的第一配置信息指示的发包时间与TSN流的发送端允许的最早发包时间之间相差的时长，TSN流的发送端与接收端之间的端到端时延、终端设备与用户面网元之间的端到端时延都能被满足，因此方法500可以不继续执行类似于S540和S550的步骤，即集中式用户配置功能不再根据第三配置信息确定TSN流允许的最大时延，相应的，集中式网络配置功能不再接收到指示TSN流允许的最大时延的时延信息，进而也不再向集中式用户配置功能发送指示发包时间的配置信息。
下面结合图6或图7，说明本申请实施例提供的通信方法。需要说明的是，图6或图7中的RAN是图5中所述接入网设备的示例，UPF是图5中所述用户面网元的示例，SMF/CUC是图2中所述集中式网络配置功能的示例，SMF/CUC表示CUC与SMF合设的网元，CNC是图2中所述集中式用户配置功能的示例。此外，可以理解的是，本申请所述的方法不仅适用于5G通信系统，其他类型的通信系统也可以参考本申请所述的方法，本申请实施例对此不再赘述。
图6示出了本申请实施例提供的通信方法的示意性流程图。图6所示的方法600可以包括以下步骤：
S601，PDU会话建立流程。
PDU会话建立流程可以参考3GPP TS 23.502的第4.3.2章节的描述，为了简洁，本申请实施例对此不做详述。
若RAN支持发送端/接收端(talker/listener，TL)功能，则在PDU会话建立流程中，RAN可以向SMF/CUC上报(例如，通过透明容器(transparent container)上报)接口能力(InterfaceCapablities)。RAN支持TL功能指的是，RAN可以作为TSN流的发送端或接收端。
类似的，若UPF支持TL功能，则在PDU会话建立流程中，UPF可以向SMF/CUC上报(例如，通过透明容器上报)接口能力。
其中，接口能力可以包括虚拟局域网(virtual local area network，VLAN)标签能力(VLANTagCapable)、支持的流标识类型(StreamIdenTypeList)、和支持的序列编码和解码类型(SequenceEncode/DecodeTypeList)3个字段。
可选的，在PDU会话建立流程中，RAN还可以向SMF/CUC上报(例如，通过透明容器上报)能力信息#1，能力信息#1用于指示RAN支持的最大缓存时长。
可选的，在PDU会话建立流程中，UPF还可以向SMF/CUC上报(例如，通过透明容器上报)的能力信息#2，能力信息#2用于指示UPF支持的最大缓存时长。
S602，PCF向SMF/CUC发送策略与计费控制(policy and charging control，PCC)规则。相应的，在S602中，SMF/CUC接收来自PCF的PCC规则。
在QoS流建立流程中，SMF接收来自PCF的PCC规则。PCC规则包括时间敏感通信(time sensitive communication，TSC)辅助容器(TSC assistance container，TSCAC)，TSCAC包括以下参数中的一项或多项：TSN流的方向、TSN流的突发大小(burst size)、TSN流的周期、周期内的数据量、数据帧到达5GS的时间信息。在上行方向，数据帧到达5GS的时间信息指的是数据帧到达UE出口的时间，数据帧到达UE出口的时间可以记为UL BAT；在下行方式，数据帧到达5GS的时间信息指的是数据帧到达UPF入口的时间，数据帧到达UPF入口的时间可以记为DL BAT。
S603，SMF/CUC向CNC发送组信息#1。相应的，在S603中，CNC接收来自SMF/CUC的组信息#1。
组信息#1包括talker组信息#1和/或listener组信息#1。组信息#1也可以称为合并后的流需求(mergedstream requirements)。
Talker组信息#1包括以下参数中的一项或多项：
1)流标识(streamID)：用于标识流配置。流标识可以包括介质访问控制(medium access control，MAC)地址(MACAddress)和独有标识(UniqueID)2个字段。其中，MAC地址是流发起的源MAC地址，独有标识用于区分同一发送端不同的流。流标识是SMF/CUC根据预配置的信息生成的。
2)流等级(StreamRank)：用于提供此流相对于网络中其他流的等级。这里的等级用于确定流资源配置的优先级，与流的数据无关。流等级是SMF/CUC根据预配置的信息生成的。
3)端站接口(EndStationInterfaces)：用于描述流对应的接口。端站接口可以包括MAC地址(MACAddress)和接口名称(InterfaceName)2个字段。1个流可以包含一个或多个接口。端站接口预配置在SMF/CUC中，或者，在PDU会话建立流程中，RAN和/或UPF向SMF/CUC上报(例如，通过透明容器上报)端站接口。
4)流量描述(TrafficSpecification)：用于定义发送端如何发送数据帧。流量描述可以包括以下配置中的一个或多个：间隔(Interval)、每个间隔的最大帧数(MaxFramesPerInterval)、最大帧长度(MaxFrameSize)、传输选择(TransmissionSelection)、TSN流的发送端允许的最早发包时间#1、TSN流的发送端允许的最晚发包时间#1、或抖动(jitter)。
间隔：发送定义的最大帧长度及每个间隔的最大帧数的最大时长。SMF/CUC可以根据TSCAC包括的TSN流的周期确定间隔。
每个间隔的最大帧数：用于指定在一个周期内发送的最大帧数。
最大帧长度：发送端能够发送的最大帧长度。
传输选择：流转发过程中使用的调度算法。
TSN流的发送端允许的最早发包时间#1可以用最早传输偏移#1表征，对于上行方向，最早传输偏移#1可以根据如下公式计算：earlisttransmitoffset#1＝UL BAT+AN PDB-M×间隔。对于下行方向，最早传输偏移#1可以根据如下公式计算：earlisttransmitoffset#1＝DL BAT+UPF驻留时长-M×间隔。其中，SMF/CUC接收到TCSAC之后，可以根据TSCAC包括的数据帧到达5GC的时间信息和QoS流对应的PDB(包括AN PDB和CN PDB)计算最早传输偏移#1。
TSN流的发送端允许的最晚发包时间#1可以用最晚传输偏移#1表征，最晚传输偏移#1可以根据如下公式计算：latesttransmitoffset#1＝earlisttransmitoffset#1+间隔-(抖动+时长#1)。
可选的，若TSN流是上行方向，且在S601中，SMF/CUC接收到来自RAN的能力信息#1，则SMF/CUC在确定最晚发包时间#1时，确保最晚发包时间#1与最早发包时间#1之间相差的时长不超过RAN支持的最大缓存时长。在此情况下，最晚传输偏移#1可以根据如下公式计算：latesttransmitoffset#1＝earlisttransmitoffset#1+RAN支持的最大传输时长。
可选的，若TSN流是下行方向，且在S601中，SMF/CUC接收到来自UPF的能力信息#2，则SMF/CUC在确定最晚发包时间#1时，确保最晚发包时间#1与最早发包时间#1之间相差的时长不超过UPF支持的最大缓存时长。在此情况下，最晚传输偏移#1可以根据如下公式计算：latesttransmitoffset#1＝earlisttransmitoffset#1+UPF支持的最大传输时长。
抖动：发送端的发送偏移量与理想同步网络时间之间的最大时间差。SMF/CUC可以根据本地配置信息生成抖动。
5)用户对网络的需求(UserToNetworkRequirements)：用于定义用户诉求，如时延、冗余等。用户对网络的需求可以包括无缝连接树数量(NumSeamlessTrees)和TSN流允许的最大时延#1。
无缝连接树数量：要求网络提供的无缝连接的冗余路径数。
最大时延#1：数据帧从发送端到接收端的最大时延。SMF/CUC可以根据QoS流对应的CN PDB确定最大时延#1，即SMF/CUC可以确定最大时延#1等于CN PDB。或者，SMF/CUC可以根据CN PDB和UPF驻留时长确定最大时延#1，即SMF/CUC可以确定最大时延#1等于CN PDB减去UPF驻留时长得到的差值。
6)接口能力。SMF/CUC中预配置接口能力，或者，在PDU会话建立流程中，RAN和/或UPF向SMF/CUC上报接口能力。
Listener组信息#1包括以下参数中的一项或多项：流标识、端站接口、用户对网络的需求、或接口能力，各参数的定义以及确定方式与talker组信息#1的定义和确定方式相同，不再赘述。
可以理解，组信息#1包括最早发包时间#1和最晚发包时间#1的情况下，组信息#1是第一信息的一个示例。
可选的，若SMF/CUC维护一个与该TSN流对应的计数器，则SMF/CUC向CNC发送组信息#1之后，计时器的值加1。
S604，CNC向SMF/CUC发送配置信息#1。相应的，SMF/CUC接收来自CNC的配置信息#1。
配置信息#1(第二配置信息的一例)也可以称为状态(status)组信息。配置信息#1是CNC根据接收到的组信息#1确定的。
配置信息#1包括以下参数中的一项或多项：
流标识、状态信息(StatusInfo)、累积时延(AccumulatedLatency)、接口配置(InterfaceConfiguration)、或失败接口(FailedInterfaces)。
1)流标识：与上文talker组信息#1中流标识的定义相同。
2)状态信息：TSN流配置的状态。状态信息可以包括以下配置中的至少一个：发送端状态(TalkerStatus)、接收端状态(ListenerStatus)、或错误码(FailureCode)。
3)累计时延：当前规划的传输路径可能的最大时延。
4)接口配置：发送端和接收端的接口配置，该配置满足流的要求，也满足接口能力要求。接口配置包括TSN流的发送端的发包时间#1，发包时间#1可以用时间感知偏移#1表征。CNC可以根据组信息#1包括的以下信息确定发包时间#1：最早发包时间#1、最晚发包时间#1、最大时延#1。CNC根据组信息#1确定的发包时间#1在最早发包时间#1和最晚发包时间#1之间。例如，若用最早传输偏移#1、最晚传输偏移#1和时间感知偏移#1分别表征最早发包时间#1、最晚发包时间#1和发包时间#1，则时间感知偏移#1在最早传输偏移#1和最晚传输偏移#1之间。
5)失败接口：配置失败的接口列表。
可选的，SMF/CUC中保存一个flag，SMF/CUC接收到配置信息#1之后，该flag被设置为用于指示已接收到配置信息#1的值。
S605，SMF/CUC向CNC发送组信息#2。相应的，在S605中，CNC接收来自SMF/CUC的组信息#2。
组信息#2(第一时延信息的示例)可以参考上文组信息#1的相关描述。组信息#2与组信息#1的区别在于，组信息#2包括的TSN流允许的最大时延#2与组信息#1包括的最大时延#1不同，组信息#2包括的最大时延#2是SMF/CUC根据配置信息#1确定的。
SMF/CUC接收到配置信息#1之后，确定配置信息#1指示的发包时间#1。进而SMF/CUC根据发包时间#1和最早发包时间#1确定实际缓存时长#1，并根据CN PDB和实际缓存时长#1确定最大时延#2。SMF/CUC确定实际缓存时长#1和最大时延#2的更多描述，可以参考上文方法500中的S512和S511。
可选的，若SMF/CUC维护与该TSN流对应的计数器，则在计数器的值大于初始值的情况下，SMF/CUC根据配置信息#1指示的发包时间#1确定最大时延#2。
可选的，若SMF/CUC中保存一个flag，则在该flag指示已接收到配置信息#1的情况下，SMF/CUC根据配置信息#1指示的发包时间#1确定最大时延#2。
可选的，组信息#2与组信息#1的区别还在于，组信息#2包括的TSN流的发送端允许的最早发包时间#2与最早发包时间#1不同，以及组信息#2包括的TSN流的发送端允许的最晚发包时间#2与最晚发包时间#1不同。组信息#2包括的最早发包时间#2和最晚发包时间#2，都与配置信息#1指示的发包时间#1相同。
例如，配置信息#1包括时间感知偏移#1，最早发包时间#2用于最早传输偏移#2表征，最晚发包时间#2用于最晚传输偏移#2表征，则组信息#2可以包括最早传输偏移#2和最晚传输偏移#2，且最早传输偏移#2和最晚传输偏移#2都与时间感知偏移#1相同。
S606，CNC向SMF/CUC发送配置信息#2。相应的，SMF/CUC接收来自CNC的配置信息#2。
配置信息#2(第一配置信息示例)可以参考上文配置信息#1的相关描述。
配置信息#2包括TSN流的发送端的发包时间#2，发包时间#2可以用时间感知偏移#2表征。CNC根据组信息#2包括的以下信息确定发包时间#2：最早发包时间#2、最晚发包时间#2、最大时延#2。CNC根据组信息#2确定的发包时间#2在最早发包时间#2和最晚发包时间#2之间。
可以理解，若组信息#2包括的最早发包时间#2和最晚发包时间#2都与配置信息#1指示的发包时间#1相同，则CNC根据组信息#2确定的发包时间#2与发包时间#1相同。否则，由于组信息#2包括的最大时延#2与组信息#1包括的最大时延#1不同，则CNC根据组信息#2确定的发包时间#2可能与发包时间#1不同。
可选的，若发包时间#2与发包时间#1不同，则方法600还包括S607和S608。或者，若发包时间#2与发包时间#1不同，且发包时间#2与最早发包时间#2之间相差的时长，大于发包时间#1与最早发包时间#1之间相差的时长，则方法600还包括S607和S608。
S607，SMF/CUC向CNC发送组信息#3。相应的，在S607中，CNC接收来自SMF/CUC的组信息#3。
组信息#3(第二时延信息的示例)可以参考上文组信息#1的相关描述。组信息#3与组信息#2的区别在于，组信息#3包括的TSN流允许的最大时延#3与组信息#2包括的最大时延#2不同，组信息#3包括的最大时延#3是SMF/CUC根据配置信息#2确定的。
SMF/CUC接收到配置信息#2之后，确定配置信息#2指示的发包时间#2。进而SMF/CUC根据发包时间#2和最早发包时间#2确定实际缓存时长#2(即更新的实际缓存时长)，并根据CN PDB和实际缓存时长#2确定最大时延#3。SMF/CUC确定实际缓存时长#2和最大时延#3的更多描述，可以参考上文方法500中的S512和S511。
可选的，组信息#3与组信息#2的区别还在于，组信息#3包括的TSN流的发送端允许的最早发包时间#3与最早发包时间#2不同，以及组信息#3包括的TSN流的发送端允许的最晚发包时间#3与最晚发包时间#2不同。组信息#3包括的最早发包时间#3和最晚发包时间#3，都与配置信息#2指示的发包时间#2相同。
S608，CNC向SMF/CUC发送配置信息#3。相应的，SMF/CUC接收来自CNC的配置信息#3。
配置信息#3(第三配置信息示例)可以参考上文配置信息#1的相关描述。
配置信息#3包括TSN流的发送端的发包时间#3，发包时间#3可以用时间感知偏移#3表征。CNC根据组信息#3包括的以下信息确定发包时间#3：最早发包时间#3、最晚发包时间#3、最大时延#3。CNC根据组信息#3确定的发包时间#3在最早发包时间#3和最晚发包时间#3之间。
若发包时间#3与发包时间#2不同，则方法600继续执行类似于S607和S608的步骤，直至CNC向SMF/CUC发送的连续两个配置信息指示的发包时间相同为止。
进一步地，方法600执行S609a或S609b。若RAN是TSN流的发送端，则方法600执行S609a，若UPF是TSN流的发送端，则方法600执行S609b。
S609a，SMF/CUC向RAN发送配置信息#2或配置信息#3。相应的，在S609a中，RAN接收来自SMF/CUC的配置信息#2或配置信息#3。
若方法600没有执行S607和S608，则SMF/CUC向RAN发送配置信息#2，若方法600执行了S607和S608，则SMF/CUC向RAN发送配置信息#3。RAN接收到配置信息#2或配置信息#3之后，则根据配置信息#2或配置信息#3指示的发包时间发送数据帧。
S609b，SMF/CUC向UPF发送配置信息#2或配置信息#3。相应的，在S609a中，UPF接收来自SMF/CUC的配置信息#2或配置信息#3。
若方法600没有执行S607和S608，则SMF/CUC向UPF发送配置信息#2，若方法600执行了S607和S608，则SMF/CUC向UPF发送配置信息#3。UPF接收到配置信息#2或配置信息#3之后，则根据配置信息#2或配置信息#3指示的发包时间发送数据帧。
在本申请实施例中，SMF/CUC接收到配置信息之后，可以根据配置信息指示的发包时间和TSN流的发送端允许的最早发包时间确定实际缓存时长，进而SMF/CUC可以根据实际缓存时长重新确定更合适的最大时延，使得TSN流的发送端与接收端之间的时延、UE与UPF之间的端到端时延都被满足。
此外，在SMF/CUC根据实际缓存时长确定最大时延的情况下，SMF/CUC不会确定出过于小的最 大时延，从而避免出现传输网能力不足以满足该最大时延的情况。
图7示出了本申请实施例提供的通信方法的示意性流程图。图7所示的方法700可以包括以下步骤：
S701，PDU会话建立流程。
S702，PCF向SMF/CUC发送PCC规则。相应的，在S702中，SMF/CUC接收来自PCF的PCC规则。
S701和S702可以参考上文方法600中的S601和S602。
S703，SMF/CUC向CNC发送组信息#4。相应的，在S703中，CNC接收来自SMF/CUC的组信息#4。
组信息#4(第一时延信息的示例)可以参考上文S603中组信息#1的相关描述。组信息#4与组信息#1的区别在于，组信息#4包括的TSN流允许的最大时延#4与组信息#1包括的最大时延#1不同，组信息#4包括的最大时延#4是SMF/CUC根据CN PDB和可能的最大缓存时长确定的。SMF/CUC确定可能的最大缓存时长，以及根据可能的最大缓存时长和CN PDB确定最大时延#4的更多描述，可以参考上文方法500中的S511和S512。
S704，CNC向SMF/CUC发送配置信息#4。相应的，在S704中，SMF/CUC接收来自CNC的配置信息#4。
配置信息#4(第一配置信息的一例)可以参考上文S604中的配置信息#1的相关描述。
配置信息#4包括TSN流的发送端的发包时间#4，发包时间#4可以用时间感知偏移#4表征。CNC根据组信息#4包括的以下信息确定发包时间#4：最早发包时间#4、最晚发包时间#4、最大时延#4。CNC根据组信息#4确定的发包时间#4在最早发包时间#4和最晚发包时间#4之间。其中，最晚发包时间#4与上文S603中的最晚发包时间#1相同，最早发包时间#4与上文S603中的最早发包时间#1相同。
进一步地，方法700执行S705a或S705b。若RAN是TSN流的发送端，则方法700执行S705a，若UPF是TSN流的发送端，则方法700执行S705b。
S705a，SMF/CUC向RAN发送配置信息#4。相应的，在S705a中，RAN接收来自SMF/CUC的配置信息#4。
RAN接收到配置信息#4之后，则根据配置信息#4指示的发包时间发送数据帧。
S705b，SMF/CUC向UPF发送配置信息#4。相应的，在S705a中，UPF接收来自SMF/CUC的配置信息#4。
UPF接收到配置信息#4之后，则根据配置信息#4指示的发包时间发送数据帧。
在本申请实施例中，SMF/CUC根据TSN流的发送端缓存数据帧的可能的最大缓存时长确定最大时延，从而当CNC根据该最大时延确定TSN流的发送端的发包时间时，不论CNC确定的发包时间是什么时刻，TSN流的发送端与接收端之间的时延、UE与UPF之间的端到端时延都能被满足。
以上结合图5至图7详细说明了本申请实施例提供的方法。以下，结合图8至图10详细说明本申请实施例提供的通信装置。应理解，装置实施例的描述与方法实施例的描述相互对应，因此，未详细描述的内容可以参见上文方法实施例，为了简洁，这里不再赘述。
图8是本申请实施例提供的通信装置1000的示意性框图。如图8所示，该通信装置1000可以包括：收发单元1010和处理单元1020。
在一种可能的设计中，该通信装置1000可以是上文方法实施例中的集中式用户配置功能，也可以是实现上文方法实施例中集中式用户配置功能的功能的芯片。
应理解，该通信装置1000可对应于本申请实施例方法400中的集中式用户配置功能，该通信装置1000可以包括用于执行图5中的方法500、图6中的方法600或图7中的方法700中的集中式用户配置功能执行的方法的单元。并且，该通信装置1000中的各单元和上述其他操作和/或功能分别为了实现图5中的方法500、图6中的方法600或图7中的方法700的相应流程。应理解，各单元执行上述相应步骤的具体过程在上述方法实施例中已经详细说明，为了简洁，在此不再赘述。
还应理解，该通信装置1000中的收发单元1010可对应于图9中示出的通信设备2000中的收发器2020，该通信装置1000中的处理单元1020可对应于图9中示出的通信设备2000中的处理器2010。
还应理解，当该通信装置1000为芯片时，该芯片包括收发单元。可选的，该芯片还可以包括处理单元。其中，收发单元可以是输入输出电路或通信接口；处理单元可以为该芯片上集成的处理器或者微处理器或者集成电路。
收发单元1010用于实现通信装置1000的信号的收发操作，处理单元1020用于实现通信装置1000的信号的处理操作。
可选的，该通信装置1000还包括存储单元1030，该存储单元1030用于存储指令。
图9是本申请实施例提供的装置2000的示意性框图。如图9所示，该装置2000包括：至少一个处理器2010。该处理器2010与存储器耦合，用于执行存储器中存储的指令，以执行图5、图6或图7所述的方法。可选的，该装置2000还包括收发器2020，该处理器2010与存储器耦合，用于执行存储器中存储的指令，以控制收发器2020发送信号和/或接收信号，例如，处理器2010可以控制收发器2020发送第一时延信息。可选的，该装置2000还包括存储器2030，用于存储指令。
应理解，上述处理器2020和存储器2030可以合成一个处理装置，处理器2020用于执行存储器2030中存储的程序代码来实现上述功能。具体实现时，该存储器2030也可以集成在处理器2010中，或者独立于处理器2010。
还应理解，收发器2020可以包括接收器(或者称，接收机)和发射器(或者称，发射机)。收发器2020还可以进一步包括天线，天线的数量可以为一个或多个。收发器2020又可以是通信接口或者接口电路。
当该装置2000为芯片时，该芯片包括收发单元和处理单元，其中，收发单元可以是输入输出电路或通信接口；处理单元可以为该芯片上集成的处理器或者微处理器或者集成电路。
图9是本申请实施例的一种芯片系统的示意图。这里的芯片系统也可为电路组成的系统。图9所示的芯片系统3000包括：逻辑电路3010以及输入/输出接口(input/output interface)3020，所述逻辑电路用于与输入接口耦合，通过所述输入/输出接口传输数据(例如配置信息)，以执行图5、图6或图7所述的方法。
本申请实施例还提供了一种处理装置，包括处理器和接口。所述处理器可用于执行上述方法实施例中的方法。
应理解，上述处理装置可以是一个芯片。例如，该处理装置可以是现场可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array，FPGA)，可以是专用集成芯片(application specific integrated circuit，ASIC)，还可以是系统芯片(system on chip，SoC)，还可以是中央处理器(central processor unit，CPU)，还可以是网络处理器(network processor，NP)，还可以是数字信号处理电路(digital signal processor，DSP)，还可以是微控制器(micro controller unit，MCU)，还可以是可编程控制器(programmable logic device，PLD)或其他集成芯片。
在实现过程中，上述方法的各步骤可以通过处理器中的硬件的集成逻辑电路或者软件形式的指令完成。结合本申请实施例所公开的方法的步骤可以直接体现为硬件处理器执行完成，或者用处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成。软件模块可以位于随机寄存器，闪存、只读存储器，可编程只读存储器或者电可擦写可编程存储器、寄存器等本领域成熟的存储介质中。该存储介质位于存储器，处理器读取存储器中的信息，结合其硬件完成上述方法的步骤。为避免重复，这里不再详细描述。
应注意，本申请实施例中的处理器可以是一种集成电路芯片，具有信号的处理能力。在实现过程中，上述方法实施例的各步骤可以通过处理器中的硬件的集成逻辑电路或者软件形式的指令完成。上述的处理器可以是通用处理器、数字信号处理器(DSP)、专用集成电路(ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件。可以实现或者执行本申请实施例中的公开的各方法、步骤及逻辑框图。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。
可以理解，本申请实施例中的存储器可以是易失性存储器或非易失性存储器，或可包括易失性和非易失性存储器两者。其中，非易失性存储器可以是只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)、可编程只读存储器(programmable ROM，PROM)、可擦除可编程只读存储器(erasable PROM，EPROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(electrically EPROM，EEPROM)或闪存。易失性存储器可以是随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)，其用作外部高速缓存。
根据本申请实施例提供的方法，本申请还提供一种计算机程序产品，该计算机程序产品包括：计算机程序代码，当该计算机程序代码在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行图5、图6或图7所示实施例中的方法。
根据本申请实施例提供的方法，本申请还提供一种计算机可读介质，该计算机可读介质存储有程序代码，当该程序代码在计算机上运行时，使得该计算机执行图5、图6或图7所示实施例中的方法。
根据本申请实施例提供的方法，本申请还提供一种系统，该系统包括前述的集中式用户配置功能和集中式网络配置功能。
在上述实施例中，可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件、固件或者其任意组合来实现，当使用软件实现时，可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式实现。所述计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机指令。在计算机上加载和执行所述计算机指令时，全部或部分地产生按照本申请实施例所述的流程或功能。所述计算机指令可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中，或者从一个计算机可读信息介质向另一个计算机可读存储介质传输。所述计算机可读存储介质可以是计算机能够存取的任何可用介质或者是包含一个或多个可用介质集成的服务器、数据中心等数据存储设备。所述可用介质可以是磁性介质(例如，软盘、硬盘、磁带)、光介质(例如，高密度数字视频光盘(digital video disc，DVD))、或者半导体介质(例如，固态硬盘(solid state disc，SSD))等。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其他的形式。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (27)

  1. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，包括：
    集中式用户配置功能根据核心网数据包延迟预算CN PDB和缓存时长，确定接入网设备与用户面网元之间传输的时间敏感网络TSN流允许的最大时延，所述最大时延不超过所述CN PDB减去所述缓存时长得到的差值；所述接入网设备是所述TSN流的发送端，所述用户面网元是所述TSN流的接收端，或者，所述接入网设备是所述TSN流的接收端，所述用户面网元是所述TSN流的发送端；
    所述集中式用户配置功能向集中式网络配置功能发送第一时延信息，所述第一时延信息指示所述最大时延；
    所述集中式用户配置功能接收来自所述集中式网络配置功能的第一配置信息，所述第一配置信息指示所述TSN流的发送端的发包时间，所述第一配置信息指示的发包时间是根据所述最大时延确定的；
    所述集中式用户配置功能向所述TSN流的发送端发送所述第一配置信息。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述集中式用户配置功能确定所述缓存时长，所述缓存时长包括：所述TSN流的发送端缓存数据帧的实际缓存时长，或，所述TSN流的发送端缓存数据帧的可能的最大缓存时长。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述缓存时长包括所述可能的最大缓存时长，所述集中式用户配置功能确定所述缓存时长，包括：
    所述集中式用户配置功能确定所述可能的最大缓存时长是所述TSN流的发送端允许的最晚发包时间与所述TSN流的发送端允许的最早发包时间之间相差的时长。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述缓存时长包括所述可能的最大缓存时长，所述集中式用户配置功能确定所述缓存时长，包括：
    所述集中式用户配置功能确定所述可能的最大缓存时长是以下两个时长中的较小时长：所述TSN流的发送端允许的最晚发包时间与所述TSN流的发送端允许的最早发包时间之间相差的时长，所述TSN流的发送端支持的最大缓存时长。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述缓存时长包括所述实际缓存时长，所述方法还包括：
    所述集中式用户配置功能接收来自所述集中式网络配置功能的第二配置信息，所述第二配置信息指示所述TSN流的发送端的发包时间；
    所述集中式用户配置功能确定所述缓存时长，包括：
    所述集中式用户配置功能确定所述实际缓存时长是所述第二配置信息指示的发包时间与所述最早发包时间之间相差的时长。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，若所述第一配置信息指示的发包时间与所述第二配置信息指示的发包时间不同，所述方法还包括：
    所述集中式用户配置功能根据所述CN PDB和更新的实际缓存时长，确定所述TSN流允许的更新后的最大时延，所述更新后的最大时延不超过所述CN PDB减去所述更新的实际缓存时长得到的差值，所述更新的实际缓存时长是所述第一配置信息指示的发包时间与所述最早发包时间之间相差的时长；
    所述集中式用户配置功能向所述集中式网络配置功能发送第二时延信息，所述第二时延信息指示所述更新后的最大时延；
    所述集中式用户配置功能接收来自所述集中式网络配置功能的第三配置信息，所述第三配置信息指示所述TSN流的发送端的发包时间，所述第三配置信息指示的发包时间是根据所述更新后的最大时延确定的；
    所述集中式用户配置功能向所述TSN流的发送端发送所述第三配置信息。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述更新的实际缓存时长大于所述实际缓存时长。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一配置信息指示的发包时间与所述第二配置信息指示的发包时间相同，所述方法还包括：
    所述集中式用户配置功能根据所述第二配置信息指示的发包时间向所述集中式网络配置功能发送 第一信息，所述第一信息指示所述最早发包时间和所述最晚发包时间，所述最早发包时间和所述最晚发包时间与所述第二配置信息指示的发包时间相同。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一配置信息指示的发包时间在所述TSN流的发送端允许的最早发包时间和所述TSN流的发送端允许的最晚发包时间之间，所述方法还包括：
    所述集中式用户配置功能根据所述TSN流的发送端支持的最大缓存时长向所述集中式网络配置功能发送第一信息，所述第一信息指示所述最早发包时间和所述最晚发包时间，所述最晚发包时间和所述最早发包时间之间相差的时长不超过所述TSN流的发送端支持的最大缓存时长。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述集中式用户配置功能接收来自所述TSN流的发送端的能力信息，所述能力信息指示所述TSN流的发送端支持的最大缓存时长。
  11. 根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述集中式用户配置功能根据CN PDB和缓存时长，确定接入网设备与用户面网元之间传输的TSN流允许的最大时延，包括：
    所述集中式用户配置功能根据所述CN PDB、所述缓存时长和所述用户面网元的驻留时长，确定所述最大时延，所述最大时延不超过所述CN PDB减去所述缓存时长与所述驻留时长之和得到的差值。
  12. 一种装置，其特征在于，包括收发单元和处理单元，
    所述处理单元用于根据核心网数据包延迟预算CN PDB和缓存时长，确定接入网设备与用户面网元之间传输的时间敏感网络TSN流允许的最大时延，所述最大时延不超过所述CN PDB减去所述缓存时长得到的差值；所述接入网设备是所述TSN流的发送端，所述用户面网元是所述TSN流的接收端，或者，所述接入网设备是所述TSN流的接收端，所述用户面网元是所述TSN流的发送端；
    所述收发单元用于向集中式网络配置功能发送第一时延信息，所述第一时延信息指示所述最大时延；
    所述收发单元还用于接收来自所述集中式网络配置功能的第一配置信息，所述第一配置信息指示所述TSN流的发送端的发包时间，所述第一配置信息指示的发包时间是根据所述最大时延确定的；
    所述收发单元还用于向所述TSN流的发送端发送所述第一配置信息。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理单元还用于确定所述缓存时长，所述缓存时长包括：所述TSN流的发送端缓存数据帧的实际缓存时长，或，所述TSN流的发送端缓存数据帧的可能的最大缓存时长。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的装置，其特征在于，所述缓存时长包括所述可能的最大缓存时长，所述处理单元具体用于确定所述可能的最大缓存时长是所述TSN流的发送端允许的最晚发包时间与所述TSN流的发送端允许的最早发包时间之间相差的时长。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的装置，其特征在于，所述缓存时长包括所述最大缓存时长，所述处理单元具体用于确定所述可能的最大缓存时长是以下两个时长中的较小时长：所述TSN流的发送端允许的最晚发包时间与所述TSN流的发送端允许的最早发包时间之间相差的时长，所述TSN流的发送端支持的最大缓存时长。
  16. 根据权利要求13所述的装置，其特征在于，所述缓存时长包括所述实际缓存时长，
    所述收发单元还用于接收来自所述集中式网络配置功能的第二配置信息，所述第二配置信息指示所述TSN流的发送端的发包时间；
    所述处理单元具体用于确定所述实际缓存时长是所述第二配置信息指示的发包时间与所述最早发包时间之间相差的时长。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的装置，其特征在于，若所述第一配置信息指示的发包时间与所述第二配置信息指示的发包时间不同，
    所述处理单元还用于根据所述CN PDB和更新的实际缓存时长，确定所述TSN流允许的更新后的最大时延，所述更新后的最大时延不超过所述CN PDB减去所述更新的实际缓存时长得到的差值，所述更新的实际缓存时长是所述第一配置信息指示的发包时间与所述最早发包时间之间相差的时长；
    所述收发单元还用于向所述集中式网络配置功能发送第二时延信息，所述第二时延信息指示所述更新后的最大时延；
    所述收发单元还用于接收来自所述集中式网络配置功能的第三配置信息，所述第三配置信息指示所述TSN流的发送端的发包时间，所述第三配置信息指示的发包时间是根据所述更新后的最大时延确定的；
    所述收发单元还用于向所述TSN流的发送端发送所述第三配置信息。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的装置，其特征在于，所述更新的实际缓存时长大于所述实际缓存时长。
  19. 根据权利要求16所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一配置信息指示的发包时间与所述第二配置信息指示的发包时间相同，
    所述收发单元还用于根据所述第二配置信息指示的发包时间向所述集中式网络配置功能发送第一信息，所述第一信息指示所述最早发包时间和所述最晚发包时间，所述最早发包时间和所述最晚发包时间与所述第二配置信息指示的发包时间相同。
  20. 根据权利要求12至19中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一配置信息指示的发包时间在所述TSN流的发送端允许的最早发包时间和所述TSN流的发送端允许的最晚发包时间之间，
    所述收发单元还用于根据所述TSN流的发送端支持的最大缓存时长向所述集中式网络配置功能发送第一信息，所述第一信息指示所述最早发包时间和所述最晚发包时间，所述最晚发包时间和所述最早发包时间之间相差的时长不超过所述TSN流的发送端支持的最大缓存时长。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的装置，其特征在于，所述收发单元还用于接收来自所述TSN流的发送端的能力信息，所述能力信息指示所述TSN流的发送端支持的最大缓存时长。
  22. 根据权利要求12至21中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理单元具体用于根据所述CN PDB、所述缓存时长和所述用户面网元的驻留时长，确定所述最大时延，所述最大时延不超过所述CN PDB减去所述缓存时长与所述驻留时长之和得到的差值。
  23. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括至少一个处理器，所述至少一个处理器用于与存储器耦合，读取并执行所述存储器中的指令，以实现如权利要求1至11中任一项所述的方法。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的通信装置，其特征在于，还包括所述存储器。
  25. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述计算机可读存储介质上存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被执行时，以使得如权利要求1至11中任一项所述的方法被执行。
  26. 一种包含指令的计算机程序产品，其特征在于，当所述计算机程序产品在计算机上运行时，使得所述计算机执行如权利要求1至11中任一项所述的方法。
  27. 一种系统，其特征在于，所述系统包括集中式用户配置功能和集中式网络配置功能，所述集中式用户配置功能用于执行如权利要求1至11中任一项所述的方法。
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