WO2024019136A1 - 電解質および電解質を備える電池 - Google Patents
電解質および電解質を備える電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024019136A1 WO2024019136A1 PCT/JP2023/026727 JP2023026727W WO2024019136A1 WO 2024019136 A1 WO2024019136 A1 WO 2024019136A1 JP 2023026727 W JP2023026727 W JP 2023026727W WO 2024019136 A1 WO2024019136 A1 WO 2024019136A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0562—Solid materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to an electrolyte and a battery including the electrolyte.
- Batteries include air batteries, fuel cells, and secondary batteries, and are used for a variety of purposes.
- a battery includes a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and has an electrolyte that transports ions between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an insulating structure made of a porous coordination polymer having metal salt coordination unsaturated sites, and [R-SO 2 -N-SO 2 -R'] - (R and R' represent a fluorine atom or a fluoroalkyl group) and a metal cation (for example, Li + , Na + , or Mg 2+ )
- R and R' represent a fluorine atom or a fluoroalkyl group
- a metal cation for example, Li + , Na + , or Mg 2+
- Patent Document 2 also discloses an electrolyte conditioning material that can be used in metal batteries, comprising a liquid electrolyte and a metal-organic framework (MOF) material incorporated within the liquid electrolyte to form a MOF slurry electrolyte.
- MOFs are a class of crystalline porous solids constructed from metal cluster nodes and organic linkers that, upon activation and impregnation of liquid electrolytes, bind anions, remove ion pairs, and enhance cation transport.
- An electrolyte modulating material is disclosed that includes a material that is capable of controlling the electrolyte.
- Patent No. 6222635 Special Publication No. 2020-508542
- the present inventor noticed that there were still problems to be overcome with the above electrolytes, and found it necessary to take measures to address them. Specifically, the inventors have found that there is room for improvement in the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte.
- the present disclosure has been made in view of such issues. That is, the main objective of the present disclosure is to provide an electrolyte that has better ionic conductivity than conventional electrolytes.
- the present inventor attempted to solve the above problem by tackling the problem in a new direction rather than by extending the conventional technology.
- an electrolyte was invented that achieved the above main objective.
- An electrolyte includes: A porous insulator having pores, a medium and a metal salt disposed within the pores,
- the metal salt is at least one selected from the group consisting of alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts,
- the molar ratio of the medium to the metal salt (medium/metal salt) is 0.1 or more and 2.0 or less.
- a battery according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes: The above-mentioned electrolyte is provided.
- the present disclosure can provide an electrolyte with more excellent ionic conductivity.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a battery according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2 shows Raman spectra at 550 to 600 cm ⁇ 1 of the electrolytes of Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2.
- FIG. 3 shows Raman spectra at 680 to 780 cm ⁇ 1 of the electrolytes of Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between molar ratio (SL/LiFSI) and ionic conductivity at room temperature.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between molar ratio (EC/LiFSI) and ionic conductivity at room temperature.
- FIG. 6 shows Raman spectra at 870 to 930 cm ⁇ 1 of the electrolytes of Examples 23, 25 to 26, and Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 7 shows Raman spectra at 680 to 800 cm ⁇ 1 of the electrolytes of Examples 23, 25 to 26, and Comparative Example 1.
- the expression that the target member is substantially made of a specific material or that the target member is made of a specific material means that the target member is 95% by mass or more, 97% by mass or more, 99% by mass or more, or 100% by mass.
- mesoporous silica substantially consisting of silica (SiO 2 ) means that mesoporous silica contains silica (SiO 2 ) in a proportion of 95% by mass or more, 97% by mass or more, 99% by mass or more, or 100% by mass. means.
- battery in a broad sense means a device corresponding to 1 or 2 that can extract energy using an electrochemical reaction.
- a “battery” refers to a device that includes a pair of electrodes and an electrolyte and that is charged and discharged, particularly through the movement of ions.
- examples of batteries include primary batteries and secondary batteries, and more specifically, lithium batteries, magnesium batteries, sodium batteries, and potassium batteries.
- electrolytic solution refers to an electrolyte according to the present disclosure excluding a porous insulator, and consisting of a metal salt and a medium, unless otherwise specified.
- Electrolyte The electrolyte according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure is used, for example, in batteries.
- the electrolyte described in this specification corresponds to an electrolyte for a device that can extract energy using an electrochemical reaction.
- the electrolyte according to the first embodiment is an electrolyte used in a battery including an electrode made of lithium, magnesium, sodium, or potassium.
- it is an electrolyte for batteries with a lithium electrode as the negative electrode. Therefore, the electrolyte according to the first embodiment can be said to be an electrolyte for lithium electrode-based batteries (hereinafter also simply referred to as "lithium electrode-based electrolyte").
- lithium electrode used in this specification refers to an electrode having lithium (Li) as an active component (i.e., active material).
- lithium electrode refers to an electrode comprising lithium, such as an electrode comprising lithium metal or a lithium alloy, and in particular to such a lithium negative electrode.
- an electrode made of a lithium metal body for example, an electrode with a purity of 90% or more, preferably 95% or more, More preferably, the electrode is made of a simple substance of lithium metal with a purity of 98% or more.
- the electrolyte according to the first embodiment has Li ion conductivity.
- the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte according to the first embodiment is, for example, on the order of 10 ⁇ 4 S/cm or more at room temperature (eg, 25° C.). The method for measuring ionic conductivity will be explained in detail in Examples.
- the electrolyte according to the first embodiment is comprising a porous insulator having pores, a medium (medium molecules) and a metal salt disposed within the pores, the metal salt is at least one selected from the group consisting of alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts,
- the molar ratio of the medium to the metal salt (medium/metal salt) is 0.1 or more and 2.0 or less.
- the molar ratio of the medium to the metal salt (medium/metal salt) is 0.1 or more and 2.0 or less. If the molar ratio is less than 0.1 or greater than 2.0, ionic conductivity will decrease. From the viewpoint of further improving the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte, the lower limit of the molar ratio is preferably 0.2, more preferably 0.3, and the upper limit of the molar ratio is preferably 1.9. , more preferably 1.5, still more preferably 1.2, particularly preferably 1.0, and very preferably 0.8.
- a suitable numerical range of the molar ratio (a numerical range including an upper limit value and a lower limit value) can be obtained.
- the molar ratio is preferably 0.2 or more and 2.0 or less.
- the molar ratio (sulfolane/LiFSi) is preferably 0.1 or more and 1.5 or less, more preferably 0.2 or more and 1.2 or less, and still more preferably 0.2 or more and 1.0 or less. It is particularly preferably 0.3 or more and 0.5 or less. Further, the molar ratio (ethylene carbonate/LiFSi) is preferably 0.2 or more and 2.0 or less, more preferably 0.3 or more and 1.0 or less.
- the molar ratio (medium/metal salt) can be determined by the added amounts (molar ratio in raw material state) of the medium and metal salt that constitute the electrolyte according to this embodiment.
- the molar ratio (medium/metal salt) can be determined from the electrolyte (as finished product).
- the electrolyte according to this embodiment has excellent ionic conductivity. Although not bound by any particular theory, the reason is assumed to be as follows.
- the electrolyte according to the present embodiment has a bridge structure (hereinafter also referred to as "first bridge structure") in which the medium and positive ions (more specifically, metal ions) constituting the metal salt are arranged alternately.
- first bridge structure in which the medium and positive ions (more specifically, metal ions) constituting the metal salt are arranged alternately.
- second bridge structure at least one of a bridge structure in which positive ions constituting the metal salt and negative ions constituting the metal salt are arranged alternately.
- the first bridge structure and the second bridge structure When the first bridge structure and the second bridge structure are placed in the pores of a porous insulator, they form defects (holes) in which metal ions are missing in some parts, and metal ions are efficiently absorbed in the electrolyte. It can be a route for transportation. Therefore, in the electrolyte according to this embodiment, the ionic conductivity of metal ions is increased by forming the above-mentioned bridge structure within the pores of the porous insulator.
- porous insulators When porous insulators are impregnated with electrolytes used in lithium-ion batteries, their ionic conductivity is still low.
- the present inventor has intensively studied the concept of increasing this ionic conductivity. As a result, a bridge structure is formed within the pore, and the metal ions propagate through at least one of the first bridge structure and the second bridge structure within the pore, so that the metal ions travel inside the pore in a solvated state.
- the ionic conductivity is higher than that of the propagation mechanism alone.
- the present inventors came up with an electrolyte according to the present embodiment that increases ionic conductivity by a completely new mechanism not found in the conventional concept of carrier transport by at least one of the first bridge structure and the second bridge structure. Ta.
- the electrolyte according to this embodiment preferably has a first bridge structure from the viewpoint of further improving ionic conductivity.
- the medium and the positive ions constituting the metal salt are arranged alternately, and some of the positive ions (metal ions) are missing.
- the first bridge structure will be described in detail with reference to FIG.
- [Chemical formula 1] is an electrolyte (sulfolane-Li) containing sulfolane as a medium and a metal salt composed of metal ions Li + in the pores of a porous insulator as an example of the electrolyte according to the present embodiment. + type electrolytes).
- the first bridge structure is such that the sulfonyl group (oxygen atom) of sulfolane coordinates with Li + , and sulfolane and Li + are arranged alternately in a one-dimensional manner, and some It has a defect (broken line circle in [Chemical formula 1]) in which Li + is missing.
- a defect broken line circle in [Chemical formula 1]
- adjacent Li + are bridged by sulfolane. Since a Li + defect exists, adjacent Li + can move to the defect via sulfolane.
- the first bridge structure contributes to the efficient transport of metal ions within the electrolyte, as Li + can move sequentially within the first bridge structure, resulting in better ionic conductivity. It is thought that it can be done.
- arranging in one dimension means, for example, that sulfolane and Li + are arranged in a linear chain.
- the arrangement of sulfolane and Li + is not limited to this.
- the arrangement of sulfolane and Li + may be two-dimensional or three-dimensional, and more specifically, the linear arrangement may be curved or branched.
- the first bridge structure can be confirmed by structural analysis using Raman spectroscopy.
- the first bridge structure can be constructed by coordinating the metal ions of the metal salt to the medium. That is, the first bridge structure can be constructed by the metal ion forming a coordinate bond with a specific functional group of the medium. For this reason, ⁇ the peak derived from the specific vibration of the functional group that coordinates is shifted to the higher wavenumber side compared to the peak derived from the specific vibration of the uncoordinated functional group.'' The existence of the first bridge structure can be confirmed by confirming this using micro-Raman spectroscopy.
- the first bridge structure in the sulfolane-Li + electrolyte described above means that "in the Raman spectrum, the peak (Raman scattering peak) derived from the SO 2 bending vibration of the sulfonyl group of the medium shifts to the higher wavenumber side.”
- the presence of the first bridge structure in the ethylene carbonate-Li + based electrolyte can be confirmed by a shift of the peak derived from the respiratory vibration of the heterocycle of the medium (ethylene carbonate) to the higher wavenumber side.
- the existence of the first bridge structure in the ⁇ -butyrolactone (GBL)-Li + system electrolyte can be confirmed by the shift of the peak derived from the stretching vibration of the heterocycle of the medium (GBL) to the higher wavenumber side.
- a method for confirming the first bridge structure will be described in detail in Examples.
- the electrolyte according to this embodiment preferably has a second bridge structure from the viewpoint of further improving ionic conductivity.
- positive ions constituting the metal salt and negative ions constituting the metal salt are arranged alternately.
- [Chemical formula 2] includes a metal salt composed of a metal ion Li + and a negative ion bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide ion (FSI ion) in the pores of a porous insulator as an example of the electrolyte according to the present embodiment. Electrolytes (Li + -FSI electrolytes) are listed.
- the second bridge structure is such that the sulfonyl group (oxygen atom) of the FSI ion coordinates with Li + , and the FSI ions and Li + are arranged alternately in one dimension, It has a defect (broken line circle in [Chemical formula 2]) in which Li + is missing in a part.
- a defect broken line circle in [Chemical formula 2]
- adjacent Li + are bridged by FSI ions. Since a Li + defect exists, adjacent Li + can move to the defect via FSI ions.
- the second bridge structure contributes to the efficient transport of metal ions within the electrolyte, as Li + can move sequentially within the second bridge structure, resulting in better ionic conductivity. It seems possible.
- the second bridge structure being arranged one-dimensionally means, for example, that FSI ions and Li + are arranged in a linear chain.
- the arrangement of FSI ions and Li + is not limited to this.
- the arrangement of FSI ions and Li + may be two-dimensional or three-dimensional, and more specifically, the linear arrangement may be curved or branched.
- the second bridge structure can be confirmed by structural analysis using Raman spectroscopy.
- the second bridge structure can be constructed by coordinating the metal ion of the metal salt to the negative ion. That is, the second bridge structure can be constructed by the metal ion forming a coordinate bond with a specific functional group of the negative ion. For this reason, ⁇ the peak derived from the specific vibration of the functional group that coordinates is shifted to the higher wavenumber side compared to the peak derived from the specific vibration of the uncoordinated functional group.'' The existence of the second bridge structure can be confirmed by confirming this using micro-Raman spectroscopy.
- micro-Raman spectroscopy is used to detect that ⁇ in the Raman spectrum, the peak derived from the S-N-S stretching vibration of the negative ions constituting the metal salt shifts to the higher wavenumber side.'' You can confirm its existence by using it.
- the negative ion constituting the metal salt is an FSI ion
- the peak attributed to the S-N-S stretching vibration of the sulfonyl group coordinated to the metal ion is not coordinated to the metal ion.
- the electrolyte according to this embodiment may be a solid electrolyte.
- the electrolyte according to this embodiment includes a porous insulator, a medium, and a metal salt.
- the electrolyte according to the present embodiment may further include components other than these components (porous insulator, medium, and metal salt) within a range that achieves the main effects of the present disclosure. These components constituting the electrolyte will be explained below.
- porous insulator has a medium and a metal salt located within its pores. Thereby, the electrolyte according to the first embodiment can easily form a first bridge structure and a second bridge structure that contribute to better ion conductivity. Porous insulators have pores.
- the porous insulator is, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of metal-organic structures, zeolites, and mesoporous silica.
- the porous insulator is preferably zeolite or mesoporous silica.
- the reason is assumed to be as follows.
- silanol groups Si -OH
- Si -OH silanol groups
- the silanol group is thought to function as a hopping site for the carrier by exchanging protons (H + ) of the silanol group with the carrier. Therefore, when the electrolyte contains at least one of zeolite and mesoporous silica as a porous insulator, the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte is further improved.
- the Si/Al ratio is, for example, 5 or more, preferably 15 or more, and more preferably 30 or more, from the viewpoint of improving the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte. , more preferably 100 or more, particularly preferably 500 or more, and very particularly preferably 770 or more. Further, the Si/Al ratio is, for example, 10,000 or less. These upper limit values and lower limit values can be arbitrarily combined to form a numerical range (for example, 5 or more and 10,000 or less). In this specification, the Si/Al ratio refers to the molar ratio of Si (silicon atoms) to Al (aluminum atoms) constituting the porous insulator.
- the zeolite and mesoporous silica can have more silanol groups on the inner walls of their pores. This is because in such a case, more carrier hopping sites can be present on the inner walls of the pores of the zeolite and mesoporous silica, and the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte is thought to be further improved.
- the Si/Al ratio of zeolite and mesoporous silica is measured as follows. Zeolite or mesoporous silica is pulverized to the extent that it can be measured, and placed in a nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus ("ECA400 type FT-NMR apparatus" manufactured by JEOL Ltd.). Measurement is performed under the measurement conditions of magnetic field strength of 9.2T and nuclide: 29 Si to obtain an NMR spectrum. Obtain the Si/Al ratio by spectral analysis.
- the zeolite or mesoporous silica used for measuring the Si/Al ratio is not only in the raw material state but also in the finished product (for example, an electrolyte or a battery including an electrolyte (more specifically, a measurement cell battery described later in Examples). ) can also be measured in a separated state.
- metal-organic frameworks include, for example, "UiO-67", “HKUST-1” and “F-free MIL-100 (Fe) (KRICT (trademark) F100)” manufactured by Strem Chemicals, and those manufactured by MERCK. Examples include “ZIF-8 (Basolite (registered trademark) (Z1200)” and “MIL-53 (Basolite A100)”. Commercially available zeolite products include, for example, "HS-690” manufactured by Fuji Film Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- the medium is an electrically neutral molecule.
- the medium disperses, dissolves or solidly dissolves the metal salt in the electrolyte.
- the medium is preferably at least one of a sulfonyl medium, a carbonate medium, an ether medium, and a dioxolane medium. Among these, carbonate media are preferred.
- the sulfonyl-based medium is a medium having a sulfonyl group, and is selected from the group consisting of, for example, sulfolane, dimethylsulfone, 3-methylsulfone, and ethylmethylsulfone.
- the carbonate medium is a cyclic carbonate ester compound (more specifically, a 5- or 6-membered alkylene carbonate compound having 3 to 6 carbon atoms), such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, etc. and fluoroethylene carbonate (fluoroethylene carbonate).
- the carbonate medium may have a halogen group (more specifically, a fluoro group, etc.) and a C--C double bond.
- the linear ether-based medium is a compound containing 2 to 4 ether bonds, for example selected from the group consisting of 1,2-diethoxyethane and diglyme.
- the lactone-based medium is a cyclic ester compound (more specifically, a 5- or 6-membered ring ester compound having 4 to 7 carbon atoms), such as ⁇ -butyrolactone and ⁇ -valerolactone. selected from the group.
- the cyclic ether medium is a 5- or 6-membered oxygen-containing heterocyclic compound containing two oxygen atoms as ring members, and includes dioxolane (1,3-dioxolane) and dioxane (more specifically, , 1,3-dioxane, etc.).
- the first bridge structure is likely to be formed with the metal ions constituting the metal salt in the electrolyte. Therefore, in such a case, the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte according to this embodiment becomes higher.
- the metal salt is at least one selected from the group consisting of alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts.
- metal salts include alkali metal salts (more specifically, lithium metal salts, etc.).
- lithium metal salts include lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI), lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF 4 ), and lithium perchlorate (LiClO 4 ).
- LiFSI lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide
- LiTFSI lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide
- LiBF 4 lithium tetrafluoroborate
- LiClO 4 lithium perchlorate
- preferred lithium salts are LiFSI and LiTFSI, and more preferred is LiFSI.
- alkali metal ions constituting the alkali metal salt examples include Li + , Na + , and K + .
- alkaline earth metal ions constituting the alkaline earth metal salt examples include Mg 2+ .
- the metal ions (positive ions) constituting the metal salt are preferably Li + , K + , Na + , or Mg 2+ .
- the negative ions constituting the metal salt are preferably coordinated with the positive ions constituting the metal salt (metal ions) constituting the metal salt. ) to form a second bridge structure.
- negative ions constituting such metal salts include bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide ions (FSI ions), bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ions (TFSI ions), tetrafluoroborate ions, and perchlorate ions. At least one kind selected from the group consisting of:
- the method for producing an electrolyte according to the first embodiment includes a step of preparing an electrolyte solution containing a metal salt and a medium (electrolyte preparation step), and a step of impregnating a porous insulator having pores with the electrolyte solution. (impregnation step).
- Electrolyte preparation process In the electrolytic solution preparation step, an electrolytic solution containing a metal salt and a medium is prepared. -Impregnation process- In the impregnation step, a porous insulator having pores is impregnated with an electrolyte. Thereby, the pores of the porous insulator are filled with the electrolyte. If the prepared electrolyte is not liquid at room temperature (25°C) (e.g. solid, pseudo-solid (more specifically, solid is mixed in the liquid)), heat the electrolyte to make it liquid. It can be impregnated into porous insulators.
- room temperature 25°C
- the battery according to the second embodiment includes the electrolyte according to the first embodiment.
- the battery according to the second embodiment can further include a positive electrode and a negative electrode.
- the positive electrode includes a material that constitutes the positive electrode (more specifically, a positive electrode active material, etc.).
- the negative electrode contains an alkali metal (more specifically, Li, Na, K) or an alkaline earth metal (more specifically, Mg) as a material constituting the negative electrode (specifically, a negative electrode active material).
- the negative electrode includes, for example, an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal element (more specifically, a plate, a foil, and a layer) and a compound thereof.
- the battery according to this embodiment can be configured as a secondary battery.
- a conceptual diagram in that case is shown in FIG.
- metal ions M n+ (M represents a metal element, n represents a positive integer): more specifically, Li + , Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , etc.
- M n+ M represents a metal element, n represents a positive integer
- Li + , Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , etc. moves from the positive electrode 10 to the negative electrode 11 through the electrolyte 12, thereby converting electrical energy into chemical energy and storing it.
- metal ions return from the negative electrode 11 to the positive electrode 10 through the electrolyte 12, thereby generating electrical energy.
- the battery according to the second embodiment can be used, for example, in a notebook personal computer, a PDA (personal digital assistant), a mobile phone, a smartphone, a base unit/slave unit of a cordless phone, a video movie, a digital still camera, an electronic book, an electronic dictionary, Portable music players, radios, headphones, game consoles, navigation systems, memory cards, cardiac pacemakers, hearing aids, power tools, electric shavers, refrigerators, air conditioners, television receivers, stereos, water heaters, microwave ovens, dishwashers, Driving or auxiliary power supplies for washing machines, dryers, lighting equipment, toys, medical equipment, robots, road conditioners, traffic lights, railway vehicles, golf carts, electric carts, and/or electric vehicles (including hybrid vehicles), etc.
- PDA personal digital assistant
- a conversion device that converts electric power into driving force by supplying electric power is generally a motor.
- the control device (control unit) that performs information processing related to vehicle control includes a control device that displays the remaining battery level based on information regarding the remaining battery level.
- the battery can also be used in a power storage device in a so-called smart grid.
- Such a power storage device can not only supply power but also store power by receiving power from another power source.
- Other power sources that can be used include, for example, thermal power generation, nuclear power generation, hydroelectric power generation, solar cells, wind power generation, geothermal power generation, and/or fuel cells (including biofuel cells).
- the composition of the electrolyte, the raw materials used for manufacturing, the manufacturing method, the manufacturing conditions, the characteristics of the electrolyte, and the configuration or structure of the battery described above are examples, and are not limited to these, and may be changed as appropriate.
- batteries include lithium batteries, magnesium batteries, sodium batteries, potassium batteries, as well as air batteries and fuel cells.
- LiFSI Lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide
- LiTFSI Lithium hexafluorophosphate
- An electrolytic solution was prepared by mixing LiFSI as a metal salt and sulfolane SL as a medium at a molar ratio (medium/metal salt) of 2.0.
- UiO-67 as a porous insulator was dried under vacuum and at 250°C.
- the dried UiO-67 was impregnated with the prepared electrolytic solution, and the electrolytic solution was inserted and filled into the pores of the UiO-67.
- a powdered solid electrolyte was prepared.
- This impregnation treatment was performed by manually mixing the electrolyte and the porous insulator using a mortar and pestle.
- the impregnation amount (volume) of the electrolytic solution was set to be 100% of the micropore volume of the porous insulator (UiO-67) measured in advance.
- Preparation of the solid electrolyte was performed in a glove box in an argon atmosphere.
- the prepared powder solid electrolyte was pressed at 200 MPa using a uniaxial press machine ("CDM-20PA" manufactured by Riken Kiki Co., Ltd.).
- a PET resin cage equipped with punches on the top and bottom was used as a press mold during pressing.
- the mouse made of PET resin has a cylindrical shape and has a cylindrical through opening along the central axis.
- the punch has a cylindrical shape and is provided so that it can be inserted into and removed from the through-opening of the mouse, and the tip surfaces (surfaces perpendicular to the insertion direction) of the upper and lower punches face each other.
- a powdered solid electrolyte was set in the through opening of the cage so as to be sandwiched between the tip surfaces of the upper and lower punches.
- a solid electrolyte was formed by pressing the upper and lower punches using a uniaxial press.
- the upper punch and lower punch provided in the PET resin cage were used as blocking electrodes to form a measurement cell (measuring cell). Note that the process of producing the measurement cell was performed in a glove box in an argon atmosphere.
- the liquid level of the electrolyte becomes parallel to the horizontal plane when When tilted so that When the container is tilted so that the bottom surface and the horizontal surface are at an angle of 30 degrees, there is no change in the electrolyte level even after 10 minutes after tilting.
- the ionic conductivity of the measurement sample was measured using an impedance meter ("VMP3" manufactured by Biologic). The ionic conductivity was measured at room temperature (25° C.) using an AC impedance method.
- the solid electrolyte of Example 1 had a molar ratio (SL/LiFSI) of 2.0 and an ionic conductivity of 1.9 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 (S/cm). The results are shown in Table 1 together with the results of the appearance observation of the electrolytic solution described above. Table 1 shows the molar ratio (SL/LiFSI), the state of the electrolyte at room temperature and the ionic conductivity at room temperature.
- FIG. 2 shows Raman spectra at 550 to 600 cm ⁇ 1 of the electrolytes of Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2.
- the vertical axis represents Raman intensity (unit: arbitrary intensity), and the horizontal axis represents Raman shift (unit: cm ⁇ 1 ).
- the Raman spectrum shown in FIG. 2 had a peak around 580 to 590 cm ⁇ 1 . This peak was attributed to a peak located around 560 to 570 cm ⁇ 1 derived from the SO 2 scissor vibration (OSO bending vibration) of the sulfonyl group of sulfolane, shifted to the higher wavenumber side.
- SO 2 scissor vibration SO 2 scissor vibration
- FIG. 3 shows Raman spectra at 680 to 780 cm ⁇ 1 of the electrolytes of Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2.
- the vertical axis represents Raman intensity (unit: arbitrary intensity), and the horizontal axis represents Raman shift (unit: cm ⁇ 1 ).
- the Raman spectrum shown in FIG. 3 had a peak around 740 to 750 cm ⁇ 1 and a peak around 680 to 690 cm ⁇ 1 .
- the peak near 740 to 750 cm ⁇ 1 was attributed to the peak located near 720 to 740 cm ⁇ 1 derived from the S—N—S stretching vibration of the FSI anion shifted to the higher wavenumber side.
- Examples 2 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2 Molar ratio> An electrolyte was prepared and the ionic conductivity was measured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the molar ratio (SL/LiFSI) was changed from 2.0 to the molar ratio shown in Table 1. The appearance of the electrolyte solution obtained in the electrolyte preparation process was also observed. These results are shown in Table 1. Note that when the concentration of the metal salt in the electrolytic solution consisting of a metal salt and a medium is relatively high (that is, when the concentration of the medium is relatively low), the electrolytic solution is a solid or a liquid in which a solid has precipitated at room temperature (25°C). It may become.
- Example 6 a lithium ion secondary battery was produced including the electrolyte of Example 6, Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 as a negative electrode, and LiFePO 4 as a positive electrode. Charging and discharging were performed at a current of 0.2 C (coulombs). The charging/discharging potential was about 1.8V.
- Table 1 shows the molar ratio (SL/LiFSI) and ionic conductivity at room temperature.
- Figure 4 was created based on Table 1.
- FIG. 4 shows the relationship between molar ratio (SL/LiFSI) and ionic conductivity at room temperature.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 4 shows the molar ratio, and the vertical axis shows the ionic conductivity (unit: S/cm) at room temperature.
- 1.0E-03 in the memory on the vertical axis in FIG. 4 indicates 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 .
- the peak derived from O-S-O bending vibration occurs at a molar ratio (SL/LiFSI) of 2.6 to 9.6. In one case, it was located between 560 and 570 cm ⁇ 1 , and in the other case when the molar ratio (SL/LiFSI) decreased and was from 0.5 to 2.0, it was located between 580 and 590 cm ⁇ 1 .
- the peak derived from OSO bending vibration was shifted to the higher wavenumber side compared to the electrolytes of Comparative Examples 1 to 2.
- Li + constituting the metal salt and SL as the medium form a first bridge structure. It is presumed that the first bridge structure is due to a specific molar ratio (SL/LiFSI).
- the peak derived from S-N-S stretching vibration has a molar ratio (SL/LiFSI) of 2.6 to 9.6.
- SL/LiFSI molar ratio
- the peak derived from S-N-S stretching vibration gradually shifted to the higher wavenumber side as the molar ratio (SL/LiFSI) decreased. was.
- the electrolytes of Examples 1 to 8 include UiO-67 as a porous insulator having pores, SL as a medium having sulfonyl groups arranged in the pores, and LiFSI as a metal salt.
- LiFSI is at least one selected from the group consisting of alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts, and the molar ratio of the medium to the metal salt (medium/metal salt) is 0.1 or more and 2.0 or less. there were.
- the electrolytes of Examples 1 to 8 were electrolytes that fell within the scope of the invention according to claim 1.
- the ionic conductivities of the electrolytes of Examples 1 to 8 were 1.9 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 to 10.1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 S/cm at normal temperature (room temperature).
- the electrolytes of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were electrolytes that were not included in the scope of the invention according to claim 1. Specifically, the electrolytes of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 had a molar ratio of medium to metal salt (medium/metal salt) of more than 2.0. The ionic conductivity of the electrolytes of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 was 1.2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 S/cm at room temperature.
- Examples 1 to 8 included in the scope of the invention according to claim 1 had higher ionic conductivity at normal temperature (room temperature) compared to Comparative Examples 1 to 2 that were not included in the scope of the invention according to claim 1. . Thereby, it is clear that the invention according to claim 1 has excellent ionic conductivity.
- Examples 9 to 14 and Comparative Examples 3 to 5 Porous insulator> The procedure was the same as in Example 1, except that UiO-67 as the porous insulator and the molar ratio (medium/metal salt) were changed to the porous insulator (metal-organic insulator) and molar ratio listed in Table 2. Then, an electrolyte was prepared and a battery was manufactured. Further, in the same manner as in Example 1, ionic conductivity was measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
- the electrolytes of Examples 9 to 14 consisted of one of HKUST-1, ZIF-8, and MIL-100 (Fe) as a porous insulator (metal-organic framework) having pores, and a sulfonyl disposed in the pores.
- SL a medium having a group
- LiFSI as a metal salt
- LiFSI as the metal salt is at least one selected from the group consisting of alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts, and is a medium for metal salts.
- the molar ratio (medium/metal salt) was 0.1 or more and 2.0 or less.
- the electrolytes of Examples 9 to 14 were electrolytes that fell within the scope of the invention according to claim 1.
- the ion transmission rates of the electrolytes of Examples 9 to 14 were 2.2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 to 4.3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 S/cm at normal temperature (room temperature).
- the electrolytes of Comparative Examples 3 to 5 were electrolytes that were not included in the scope of the invention according to claim 1. Specifically, the electrolytes of Comparative Examples 3 to 5 had a molar ratio of medium to metal salt (medium/metal salt) of more than 2.0. The ionic conductivities of the electrolytes of Comparative Examples 3 to 5 were 0.77 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 to 1.7 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 S/cm at normal temperature (room temperature).
- Examples 9 to 14 that fall within the scope of the invention according to claim 1 had higher ionic conductivity at normal temperature (room temperature) compared to Comparative Examples 3 to 5 that do not fall within the scope of the invention according to claim 1. . Thereby, it is clear that the invention according to claim 1 has excellent ionic conductivity.
- Examples 15-20 Metal salt and medium> An electrolyte was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that LiFSI as the metal salt, SL as the medium, and the molar ratio were changed to the metal salt, medium, and molar ratio (medium/metal salt) listed in Table 3. , fabricated a battery. Further, in the same manner as in Example 1, ionic conductivity was measured. The results are shown in Table 3.
- the electrolytes of Examples 15 to 20 include UiO-67 as a porous insulator having pores, any one of SL, DMSO2, MSL, and EMS as a medium having sulfonyl groups arranged in the pores, and a metal salt.
- LiTFSI, LiBF 4 , LiClO 4 , and LiFSI as medium/metal salt) was 0.1 or more and 2.0 or less.
- the electrolytes of Examples 15 to 20 were electrolytes that fell within the scope of the invention according to claim 1.
- the ionic conductivities of the electrolytes of Examples 15 to 20 were 2.7 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 to 3.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 S/cm at room temperature.
- Example 1 was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the medium was changed from sulfolane (SL) to ethylene carbonate (EC) (manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.), and the molar ratio (EC/LiFSI) listed in Table 4 was adopted. Electrolytes Nos. 21 to 28 were prepared and their ionic conductivities were measured. The appearance of the electrolytes obtained in the electrolyte preparation process was also observed. These results are shown in Table 4.
- Table 4 shows the molar ratio (EC/LiFSI) and ionic conductivity at room temperature.
- Figure 5 was created based on Table 4.
- FIG. 5 shows the relationship between molar ratio (EC/LiFSI) and ionic conductivity at room temperature.
- EC/LiFSI molar ratio
- FIG. 5 shows the relationship between molar ratio (EC/LiFSI) and ionic conductivity at room temperature.
- EC-LiFSI electrolyte as shown in Figure 5, as the molar ratio (EC/LiFSI) increases from 0.1 to 0.5, the ionic conductivity at room temperature simply increases; The ionic conductivity at room temperature simply decreases as the molar ratio (EC/LiFSI) increases from 0.5 to 4.0, and the ionic conductivity at room temperature increases as the molar ratio (EC/LiFSI) increases from 4.0 to 10.0.
- the conductivity values were almost the same.
- the electrolytes of Examples 21 to 28 include UiO-67 as a porous insulator having pores, EC as a medium disposed in the pores, and LiFSI as a metal salt. , an alkali metal salt, and an alkaline earth metal salt, and the molar ratio of the medium to the metal salt (medium/metal salt) was 0.1 or more and 2.0 or less. In other words, the electrolytes of Examples 21 to 28 were electrolytes that fell within the scope of the invention according to claim 1.
- the ionic conductivities of the electrolytes of Examples 21 to 28 were 3.7 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 to 10 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 S/cm at room temperature.
- the electrolytes of Comparative Examples 6 and 7 were not included in the scope of the invention according to claim 1. Specifically, the electrolytes of Comparative Examples 6 and 7 had a molar ratio of medium to metal salt (medium/metal salt) of more than 2.0. The ionic conductivities of the electrolytes of Comparative Examples 6 and 7 were 2.7 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 to 2.9 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 S/cm at room temperature.
- the integral value of the graph showing the ionic conductivity in FIG. 5 was larger than the integral value of the graph showing the ionic conductivity in FIG. 4. From this, the electrolytes of Examples 21 to 28 show higher ionic conductivity than the electrolytes of Examples 1 to 8 (that is, the EC-LiSFI-based electrolytes have higher ionic conductivities than the SL-LiSFI-based electrolytes). It can be seen that the ionic conductivity is high.
- FIG. 6 shows Raman spectra at 870 to 930 cm ⁇ 1 of the electrolytes of Examples 23, 25 to 26, and Comparative Example 6.
- the vertical axis represents Raman intensity (unit: arbitrary intensity), and the horizontal axis represents Raman shift (unit: cm ⁇ 1 ).
- the Raman spectrum shown in FIG. 6 had a peak around 900 to 910 cm ⁇ 1 . This peak was assigned as a peak located at around 895 cm ⁇ 1 derived from the ring breathing vibration (heterocycle breathing vibration) of ethylene carbonate (EC), shifted to the higher wavenumber side.
- FIG. 7 shows Raman spectra at 680 to 800 cm ⁇ 1 of the electrolytes of Examples 23, 25 to 26, and Comparative Example 6.
- the vertical axis represents Raman intensity (unit: arbitrary intensity), and the horizontal axis represents Raman shift (unit: cm ⁇ 1 ).
- the Raman spectrum shown in FIG. 7 had a peak around 740 to 760 cm ⁇ 1 . This peak was attributed to a peak located around 710 to 740 cm ⁇ 1 derived from the S—N—S stretching vibration of the FSI anion, shifted to the higher wavenumber side.
- the peak (Raman scattering peak) derived from the SNS stretching vibration of the FSI anion has a molar ratio (EC/LiFSI) of 0.3 to 1.0 (Example 23). , 25-26), there were mainly peaks in which the peaks derived from the stretching vibration were shifted to the higher wavenumber side. In other words, in the electrolytes of Examples 23, 25 and 26, peaks in which the peak derived from the declination vibration was shifted to the higher wave number side were mainly observed. On the other hand, when the molar ratio (EC/LiFSI) was 10 (Comparative Example 6), the peaks derived from the stretching vibrations were mainly present. That is, in the electrolyte of Comparative Example 6, peaks derived from the respiratory vibration were mainly observed.
- Example 29 to 32 Sulfolane (SL) as the medium was changed to ethylene carbonate (EC) (manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.), the molar ratio (SL/LiSFI) was changed to the molar ratio (EC/LiFSI) listed in Table 5, and porous insulation
- SL/LiSFI ethylene carbonate
- EC/LiFSI molar ratio
- EC/LiFSI molar ratio listed in Table 5
- porous insulation The electrolytes of Examples 29 to 32 were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that UiO-67 as a body was changed to the metal organic framework (MOF) listed in Table 5, and the ionic conductivity was measured. .These results are shown in Table 5.
- the electrolytes of Examples 29 to 32 were composed of one of HKUST-1, ZIF-8, MIL-100 (Fe), and MIL-53 as a porous insulator (metal-organic framework) having pores, and EC as a disposed medium and LiFSI as a metal salt; LiFSI as the metal salt is at least one selected from the group consisting of alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts; The molar ratio (medium/metal salt) was 0.1 or more and 2.0 or less.
- the electrolytes of Examples 29 to 32 were electrolytes that fell within the scope of the invention according to claim 1.
- Examples 33 to 40 and Comparative Examples 8 to 9 EC-LiFSI/zeolite system> Sulfolane (SL) as the medium was changed to ethylene carbonate (EC) (manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.), the molar ratio (SL/LiSFI) was changed to the molar ratio (EC/LiFSI) listed in Table 6, and porous insulation Example 1 was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, except that UiO-67 as a body was changed to HS-690, which is a zeolite, and the drying temperature of the porous insulator under vacuum was changed from 250°C to 300°C. Electrolytes Nos. 33 to 40 and Comparative Examples 8 to 9 were prepared and their ionic conductivities were measured. The appearance of the electrolytes obtained in the electrolyte preparation step was also observed. These results are shown in Table 6.
- the electrolytes of Examples 33 to 40 include HS-690 as a porous insulator (zeolite) having pores, EC as a medium disposed in the pores, and LiFSI as a metal salt.
- LiFSI is at least one selected from the group consisting of alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts, and has a molar ratio of medium to metal salt (medium/metal salt) of 0.1 to 2.0. Ta.
- the electrolytes of Examples 29 to 32 were electrolytes that fell within the scope of the invention according to claim 1.
- the ionic conductivities of the electrolytes of Examples 33 to 40 were 9.7 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 to 54 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 S/cm at room temperature.
- the electrolytes of Comparative Examples 8 and 9 were electrolytes that were not included in the scope of the invention according to claim 1. Specifically, in the electrolytes of Comparative Examples 8 and 9, the molar ratio of the medium to the metal salt (medium/metal ratio) was more than 2.0. The ionic conductivities of the electrolytes of Comparative Examples 8 and 9 were 2.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 to 2.8 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 S/cm at room temperature.
- Examples 33 to 40 that fall within the scope of the invention according to claim 1 had higher ionic conductivity at room temperature than Comparative Examples 8 to 9 that did not fall within the scope of the invention according to claim 1.
- Example 37 a battery was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 (cell for ionic conductivity measurement) except that the electrolyte was changed to that of Example 37, Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 was used as the negative electrode, and LiFePO 4 was used as the positive electrode. , the battery of Example 37 was produced. The obtained battery of Example 37 was charged and discharged at a current of 0.1C. It was found that the battery of Example 37 can be charged and discharged at about 1.8V.
- EC-LiFSI/zeolite system Sulfolane (SL) as a medium was changed to ethylene carbonate (EC) (manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.), the molar ratio (SL/LiSFI) was changed to the molar ratio (EC/LiFSI) listed in Table 7, and porous insulation Example 1 except that UiO-67 as the body was changed to zeolite (one of HS-320(H), HSZ-360HUA, HSZ-660HOA, HSZ-385HUA, HSZ-980HOA, and HSZ-390HUA).
- the electrolytes of Examples 41 to 46 were prepared and their ionic conductivities were measured.The results are shown in Table 7.
- the electrolytes of Examples 41 to 46 were HS-320(H), HSZ-360HUA, HSZ-660HOA, HSZ-385HUA, HSZ-980HOA, and HSZ-390HUA as porous insulators (zeolites) with pores. and EC as a medium arranged in the pores and LiFSI as a metal salt, where the LiFSI as the metal salt is at least one selected from the group consisting of alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts.
- the molar ratio of the medium to the metal salt (medium/metal salt) was 0.1 or more and 2.0 or less.
- the electrolytes of Examples 41 to 46 were electrolytes that fell within the scope of the invention according to claim 1.
- the ionic conductivities of the electrolytes of Examples 41 to 46 were 1.1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 to 8.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 S/cm at room temperature, and increased as the Si/Al ratio increased. This trend suggests that: the larger the Si/Al ratio, the more silanol groups are present on the inner pore walls of the porous insulator, resulting in more hopping sites for carriers (Li + ). do.
- the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte (EC-LiFSi/zeolite system, molar ratio 0.3) of Examples 41 to 46 is 1.1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 to 8.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 S/cm.
- the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte of Example 6 is 1.01 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 S/cm. Therefore, it can be seen that in a system in which the porous insulator is a zeolite, the ionic conductivity can be improved more than in a system in which the porous insulator is a metal-organic structure.
- Example 48 to 63 Alkali metal salt-medium/zeolite (HS-690) system> Sulfolane (SL) as the medium was changed to the medium listed in Table 8, LiSFI as the metal salt was changed to the alkali metal salt listed in Table 8, and UiO-67 as the porous insulator was changed to zeolite (HS-).
- Sulfolane (SL) as the medium was changed to the medium listed in Table 8
- LiSFI as the metal salt was changed to the alkali metal salt listed in Table 8
- UiO-67 as the porous insulator was changed to zeolite (HS-
- the electrolytes of Examples 48 to 63 were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the electrolytes were changed to 690), and their ionic conductivities were measured. These results are shown in Table 8.
- the electrolytes of Examples 48 to 63 include HS-690 as a porous insulator (zeolite) having pores, and PC, VC, FEC, EC, GBL, diglyme, and DME as the medium disposed in the pores. and one of LiFSI, LiTFSI, LiPF6, LiBF4, and LiClO4 as a metal salt, and the molar ratio of the medium to the metal salt (medium/metal salt) was 0.1 or more and 2.0 or less.
- the electrolytes of Examples 48 to 63 were electrolytes that fell within the scope of the invention according to claim 1.
- Examples 64 to 69 EC-LiFSI/Mesoporous silica system> The procedure was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, except that sulfolane (SL) as the medium was changed to the medium listed in Table 9, and Ui0-67 as the porous insulator was changed to mesoporous silica listed in Table 9. Electrolytes of Examples 64-69 were prepared and their ionic conductivities were measured. These results are shown in Table 9.
- the electrolytes of Examples 64 to 69 consisted of one of MCM-48, SBA-15, MCM-41, and SBA-16 as a porous insulator (mesoporous silica) having pores, and as a medium disposed in the pores.
- EC and LiFSI as a metal salt, and the molar ratio of the medium to the metal salt (medium/metal salt) was 0.1 or more and 2.0 or less.
- the electrolytes of Examples 64 to 69 were electrolytes that fell within the scope of the invention according to claim 1.
- the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte (EC-LiFSi/mesoporous silica system, molar ratio 0.5) in Examples 65 and 67 to 69 was 3.1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 to 3.7 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 S/cm. It is.
- the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte of Example 5 (EC-LiFSi/metal-organic structure system, molar ratio 0.5) is 0.94 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 S/cm. Therefore, it can be seen that in a system in which the porous insulator is mesoporous silica, the ionic conductivity can be improved more than in a system in which the porous insulator is a metal-organic structure.
- Examples 71 to 80 and Comparative Example 10 SL-LiFSI/zeolite system> The procedure was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Ui0-67 as the porous insulator was changed to the zeolite listed in Table 10, and the molar ratio (SL-LiFSI) was changed to the molar ratio listed in Table 10. Electrolytes of Examples 71-80 were prepared and their ionic conductivities were measured. These results are shown in Table 10.
- the electrolytes of Examples 71 to 80 were composed of one of HS-690, HS-642, HS-320 (Na), HSZ-980HOA, and HSZ-840HOA as a porous insulator (zeolite) having pores; SL as a medium and LiFSI as a metal salt were arranged, and the molar ratio of the medium to the metal salt (medium/metal salt) was 0.1 or more and 2.0 or less.
- the electrolytes of Examples 71 to 80 were electrolytes that fell within the scope of the invention according to claim 1.
- the ionic conductivities of the electrolytes of Examples 71 to 80 were 3.3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 to 42 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 S/cm at room temperature.
- the electrolyte of Comparative Example 10 was an electrolyte that was not included in the scope of the invention according to claim 1. Specifically, in the electrolyte of Comparative Example 10, the molar ratio of the medium to the metal salt (medium/metal ratio) was more than 2.0. The ionic conductivity of the electrolyte of Comparative Example 10 was 1.1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 S/cm at room temperature.
- Examples 71 to 80 that fall within the scope of the invention according to claim 1 had higher ionic conductivity at room temperature than Comparative Example 10 that does not fall within the scope of the invention according to claim 1.
- the integral value of the graph (not shown) showing the ionic conductivity of Examples 71 to 75 (SL-LiFSI/zeolite system, molar ratio 0.1 to 1.0) in Table 10 is the same as that of Example 4 in Table 1. It was larger than the integral value of the graph (FIG. 4) showing the ionic conductivity of ⁇ 8 (SL-LiFSI/metal-organic structure system, molar ratio 0.1-1.0). From this, the electrolytes of Examples 71 to 75 exhibit higher ionic conductivity than the electrolytes of Examples 4 to 8 (in other words, zeolite-based electrolytes have higher ionic conductivity than metal-organic structure-based electrolytes). It can be seen that the ratio is high.
- Examples 81 to 87 and Comparative Example 11 SL-LiFSI/Mesoporous silica system> In the same manner as in Example 1, except that Ui0-67 as the porous insulator was changed to mesoporous silica listed in Table 11, and the molar ratio (SL/LiFSI) was changed to the molar ratio listed in Table 11. Electrolytes of Examples 81 to 87 and Comparative Example 11 were prepared and their ionic conductivities were measured. These results are shown in Table 11.
- the electrolytes of Examples 81 to 87 consisted of one of MCM-48, SBA-15, MCM-41, and SBA-16 as a porous insulator (mesoporous silica) having pores, and as a medium disposed in the pores.
- SL and LiFSI as a metal salt
- the molar ratio of the medium to the metal salt (medium/metal salt) was 0.1 or more and 2.0 or less.
- the electrolytes of Examples 81 to 87 were electrolytes that fell within the scope of the invention according to claim 1.
- the ionic conductivities of the electrolytes of Examples 81 to 87 were 18 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 to 120 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 S/cm at room temperature.
- the electrolyte of Comparative Example 11 was an electrolyte that was not included in the scope of the invention according to claim 1. Specifically, in the electrolyte of Comparative Example 11, the molar ratio of the medium to the metal salt (medium/metal ratio) was more than 2.0. The ionic conductivity of the electrolyte of Comparative Example 11 was 0.82 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 S/cm at room temperature.
- Examples 81 to 87 that fall within the scope of the invention according to claim 1 had higher ionic conductivity at room temperature than Comparative Example 11 that does not fall within the scope of the invention according to claim 1.
- the integral values of the graph (not shown) showing the ionic conductivity of Examples 81 to 84 (SL-LiFSI/mesoporous silica system, molar ratio 0.2 to 1.0) in Table 11 are It was larger than the integral value of the graph (FIG. 4) showing the ionic conductivity of 4-7 (SL-LiFSI/metal-organic structure system, molar ratio 0.2-1.0). From this, the electrolytes of Examples 81 to 84 show higher ionic conductivity than the electrolytes of Examples 4 to 7 (that is, mesoporous silica-based electrolytes have higher ionic conductivities than metal-organic structure-based electrolytes). It can be seen that the conductivity is high.
- a porous insulator having pores, a medium and a metal salt disposed within the pores,
- the metal salt is at least one selected from the group consisting of alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts,
- An electrolyte wherein the molar ratio of the medium to the metal salt (medium/metal salt) is 0.1 or more and 2.0 or less.
- the medium is a sulfonyl medium selected from the group consisting of sulfolane, dimethylsulfone, 3-methylsulfone, and ethylmethylsulfone; a carbonate medium selected from the group consisting of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate and fluoroethylene carbonate; a linear ether-based medium selected from the group consisting of 1,2-diethoxyethane and diglyme; At least one of a lactone-based medium selected from the group consisting of ⁇ -butyrolactone and ⁇ -valerolactone, and a cyclic ether-based medium selected from the group consisting of 1,3-dioxolane and 1,3-dioxane.
- ⁇ 3> The electrolyte according to ⁇ 1> or ⁇ 2>, wherein the metal salt is a lithium salt.
- the porous insulator is at least one selected from the group consisting of metal-organic structures, zeolites, and mesoporous silica.
- ⁇ 5> The electrolyte according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 4>, wherein the positive ions constituting the metal salt are Li + , K + , Na + , or Mg 2+ .
- the negative ion constituting the metal salt is at least one selected from the group consisting of bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide ion, TFSI ion, tetrafluoroborate ion, and perchlorate ion, ⁇ 1> ⁇ The electrolyte according to any one of ⁇ 5>. ⁇ 7> The electrolyte according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 6>, which is a solid electrolyte.
- the medium is a sulfonyl-based medium having at least one sulfonyl group selected from the group consisting of sulfolane, dimethylsulfone, 3-methylsulfone, and ethylmethylsulfone,
- the electrolyte according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 7>, wherein in a Raman spectrum, a peak derived from SO 2 bending vibration of the sulfonyl group shifts to a higher wavenumber side.
- the negative ion constituting the metal salt is a bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide ion or a bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ion,
- the porous insulator is either zeolite or mesoporous silica.
- the porous insulator is either zeolite or mesoporous silica
- the medium is at least one carbonate-based medium selected from the group consisting of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, and fluoroethylene carbonate,
- a battery comprising the electrolyte according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 13>.
- a battery including an electrolyte according to the present disclosure can be used in various fields where power storage is expected.
- a battery (especially a secondary battery) equipped with an electrolyte according to the present disclosure can be used in the electrical, information, and communication fields where electrical and electronic devices are used (e.g., mobile phones, smartphones, notebook computers, and electric/electronic equipment field or mobile equipment field, including digital cameras, activity monitors, arm computers, electronic paper, wearable devices, and small electronic devices such as RFID tags, card-type electronic money, and smart watches);
- Industrial applications e.g. power tools, golf carts, household/nursing care/industrial robots), large industrial applications (e.g. forklifts, elevators, harbor cranes), transportation systems (e.g.
- hybrid vehicles Electric vehicles, buses, trains, electrically assisted bicycles, electric motorcycles, etc.
- power system applications e.g., various power generation, road conditioners, smart grids, home-installed power storage systems, etc.
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Abstract
Description
細孔を有する多孔質絶縁体と、前記細孔内に配置された媒体および金属塩とを備え、
前記金属塩が、アルカリ金属塩およびアルカリ土類金属塩からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であり、
前記金属塩に対する前記媒体のモル比(媒体/金属塩)が0.1以上2.0以下である。
上述の電解質を備える。
本開示の第1実施形態に係る電解質は、例えば、電池に用いられる。つまり、本明細書で説明する電解質は、電気化学的な反応を利用してエネルギーを取り出すことができるデバイスのための電解質に相当する。
細孔を有する多孔質絶縁体と、細孔内に配置された媒体(媒体分子)および金属塩とを備え、
金属塩が、アルカリ金属塩およびアルカリ土類金属塩からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であり、
金属塩に対する媒体のモル比(媒体/金属塩)が0.1以上2.0以下である。
金属塩に対する媒体のモル比(媒体/金属塩)が0.1以上2.0以下である。モル比が0.1未満または2.0より大きいと、イオン伝導性が低下する。電解質のイオン伝導性をより向上させる観点から、モル比の下限値は、好ましくは0.2であり、より好ましくは0.3であり、モル比の上限値は、好ましくは1.9であり、より好ましくは1.5であり、さらに好ましくは1.2であり、特に好ましくは1.0であり、非常に好ましくは0.8である。上記複数の好適な数値範囲から任意に選択し組み合わせることで、モル比の好適な数値範囲(上限値および下限値を含む数値範囲)とすることができる。例えば、モル比は、好ましくは0.2以上2.0以下である。
モル比(媒体/金属塩)は、本実施形態に係る電解質を構成する媒体および金属塩の添加量(原料状態のモル比)で決定することができる。あるいは、(完成品としての)電解質からモル比(媒体/金属塩)を決定することもできる。
本実施形態に係る電解質は、イオン伝導性により優れる。特定の理論に拘束されるわけではないが、その理由は以下のように推測される。本実施形態に係る電解質では、金属塩と媒体とを特定のモル比(媒体/金属塩=0.1~2.0)で、ブリッジ構造をとり得る。詳しくは、本実施形態に係る電解質は、媒体と金属塩を構成する正イオン(より具体的には、金属イオン)とが交互に配列するブリッジ構造(以下、「第1ブリッジ構造」とも称する)、ならびに金属塩を構成する正イオンと、該金属塩を構成する負イオンとが交互に配列するブリッジ構造(以下、「第2ブリッジ構造」とも称する)の少なくとも一方をとり得る。
多孔質絶縁体にリチウムイオン電池に使用される電解液を含浸させた場合、いまだイオン伝導性が低い。
本発明者はこのイオン伝導性を高める概念を鋭意検討した。その結果、細孔内にブリッジ構造を形成し、金属イオンが細孔内の第1ブリッジ構造および第2ブリッジ構造の少なくとも一方を伝搬させることで、金属イオンが溶媒和した状態で細孔内を伝搬する機構のみよりも、イオン伝導率が高くなることを見出した。
これにより、本発明者は、第1ブリッジ構造および第2ブリッジ構造の少なくとも一方によるキャリア輸送という従来の概念にはないまったく新しい機構によってイオン伝導性を高める本実施形態に係る電解質を想到するに至った。
本実施形態に係る電解質は、イオン伝導性をより向上させる観点から、好ましくは第1ブリッジ構造を有する。第1ブリッジ構造は、媒体と金属塩を構成する正イオンとが交互に配列し、正イオン(金属イオン)の一部が欠落している。[化1]:
第1ブリッジ構造は、ラマン分光法による構造解析により確認することができる。上述のように、第1ブリッジ構造は、金属塩の金属イオンが媒体に配位して構築され得る。つまり、金属イオンが媒体の特定の官能基と配位結合を形成することで、第1ブリッジ構造は構築され得る。このため、「配位結合する官能基の特定の振動に由来するピークが、配位してない状態の官能基の特定の振動に由来するピークに比べ、高波数側にシフトしていること」を、顕微ラマン分光法を用いて確認することで、第1ブリッジ構造の存在を確認することができる。
第1ブリッジ構造の確認方法は、実施例にて詳述する。
本実施形態に係る電解質は、イオン伝導性をより向上させる観点から、好ましくは第2ブリッジ構造を有する。第2ブリッジ構造は、金属塩を構成する正イオンと、該金属塩を構成する負イオンとが交互に配列する。[化2]:
第2ブリッジ構造は、ラマン分光法による構造解析により確認することができる。上述のように、第2ブリッジ構造は、金属塩の金属イオンが負イオンに配位して構築され得る。つまり、金属イオンが負イオンの特定の官能基と配位結合を形成することで、第2ブリッジ構造は構築され得る。このため、「配位結合する官能基の特定の振動に由来するピークが、配位してない状態の官能基の特定の振動に由来するピークに比べ、高波数側にシフトしていること」を、顕微ラマン分光法を用いて確認することで、第2ブリッジ構造の存在を確認することができる。
多孔質絶縁体は、その細孔内に、媒体および金属塩が配置する。これにより、第1実施形態に係る電解質は、より優れたイオン伝導性に寄与する第1ブリッジ構造ならびに第2ブリッジ構造を形成しやすくなる。多孔質絶縁体は、細孔を有する。多孔質絶縁体としては、例えば、金属有機構造体、ゼオライト、およびメソポーラスシリカからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である。
なお、Si/Al比の測定に用いるゼオライトまたはメソポーラスシリカは、原料の状態だけでなく、完成品(例えば、電解質または電解質を備える電池(より具体的には、実施例で後述する測定セル電池))から分離させた状態で測定することもできる。
媒体は、電気的に中性の分子である。媒体は、電解質において金属塩を分散または溶解もしくは固溶させる。媒体は、好ましくは、スルホニル系媒体、カーボネート系媒体、エーテル系媒体、ジオキソラン系媒体のうちの少なくとも1種である。これらの中でも、媒体は、カーボネート系媒体が好ましい。
スルホニル系媒体は、スルホニル基を有する媒体であって、例えば、スルホラン、ジメチルスルホン、3-メチルスルホン、およびエチルメチルスルホンからなる群より選択される。
カーボネート系媒体は、環状の炭酸エステル化合物(より具体的には、炭素原子数3~6の5員環または6員環の炭酸アルキレン化合物)であって、例えば、炭酸エチレン、炭酸プロピレン、炭酸ビニレンおよび炭酸フルオロエチレン(フルオロエチレンカーボネート)から成る群より選択される。カーボネート系媒体は、ハロゲン基(より具体的には、フルオロ基等)およびC-C二重結合を有してもよい。
鎖状エーテル系媒体は、エーテル結合を2~4つ含む化合物であって、例えば、1,2-ジエトキシエタンおよびジグライムから成る群より選択される。
ラクトン系媒体は、環状エステル化合物(より具体的には、炭素原子数4~7の5員環または6員環のエステル化合物)であって、例えば、γ-ブチロラクトン、およびδ-バレロラクトンから成る群より選択される。
環状エーテル系媒体は、酸素原子2個を環員原子として含む5員環または6員環の含酸素複素環化合物であって、ジオキソラン(1,3-ジオキソラン)、およびジオキサン(より具体的には、1,3-ジオキサン等)から成る群より選択される。
媒体がこれらのうちの少なくとも1種であると、電解質において金属塩を構成する金属イオンと第1ブリッジ構造を形成しやすい。よって、かかる場合、本実施形態に係る電解質のイオン伝導性がより高くなる。
金属塩は、アルカリ金属塩およびアルカリ土類金属塩からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である。金属塩としては、例えば、アルカリ金属塩(より具体的には、リチウム金属塩等)が挙げられる。リチウム金属塩としては、例えば、リチウムビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミド(LiFSI)、リチウムビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミド(LiTFSI)、テトラフルオロホウ酸リチウム(LiBF4)、および過塩素酸リチウム(LiClO4)が挙げられる。リチウム塩としては、これらの中でも、好ましくはLiFSIおよびLiTFSIであり、より好ましくはLiFSIである。アルカリ金属塩を構成するアルカリ金属イオンとしては、例えば、Li+、Na+、およびK+が挙げられる。アルカリ土類金属塩を構成するアルカリ土類金属イオンとしては、例えば、Mg2+が挙げられる。金属塩を構成する金属イオン(正イオン)は、好ましくはLi+、K+、Na+、またはMg2+である。金属塩を構成する負イオンは、本実施形態に係る電解質のイオン伝導性をより高める観点から、好ましくは金属塩を構成する正イオンに配位して、金属塩を構成する正イオン(金属イオン)と第2ブリッジ構造を形成する。このような金属塩を構成する負イオンとしては、例えば、ビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミドイオン(FSIイオン)、ビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミドイオン(TFSIイオン)、テトラフルオロホウ酸イオン、および過塩素酸イオンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である。
第1実施形態に係る電解質を製造する方法の一例を説明する。第1実施形態に係る電解質の製造方法は、金属塩と媒体とを含んで成る電解液を調製する工程(電解液調製工程)と、細孔を有する多孔質絶縁体に電解液を含浸させる工程(含浸工程)とを含んで成る。
電解液調製工程は、金属塩と媒体とを含んで成る電解液を調製する。
-含浸工程-
含浸工程は、細孔を有する多孔質絶縁体に電解液を含浸させる。これにより、多孔質絶縁体の細孔は、電解液によって充填される。調製した電解液を室温(25℃)で液体でない場合(例えば、固体、擬固体(より具体的には、液中に固体が混ざっているもの))、電解液を加熱して液体状にした状態で多孔質絶縁体に含浸させることができる。
第2実施形態に係る電池は、第1実施形態に係る電解質を備える。第2実施形態に係る電池は、電解質に加え、正極、および負極をさらに備えることができる。
[1.電解液の調製]
(1-1.原材料)
以下の原材料を用いた。
-多孔質絶縁体:金属有機構造体(MOF)-
・Strem Chemicals製「UiO-67」:Zr6O4(OH)4(BPDC)6(BPDC:ビフェニルジカルボキシネート)で表されるMOF
・Strem Chemicals製「HKUST-1」:Cuと1,3,5-ベンゼントリカルボン酸とで構成されるからなるMOF
・MERCK社製「ZIF-8(Basolite(Z1200(商標))」:ゼオライト-イミダゾラート構造体(ZIF):Znと2-メチルイミダゾールからなるMOF
・Strem Chemicals製「F-free MIL-100(Fe)(KRICT(商標)F100)」:Fe3(O)(OH)(C9H3O6)2:(Feと1,3,5-ベンゼントリカルボン酸とからなるMOF)
・MERCK社製「MIL-53(Basolite A100)」:Al(OH)C8H4O4
-多孔質絶縁体:ゼオライト-
・富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社製「HS-320」(結晶系:Y型,Si/Al比=5.5,カチオン種:H;以下、「HS-320(H)」とも称する)
・富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社製「HS-320」(結晶系:Y型,Si/Al比=5.5,カチオン種:Na;以下、「HS-320(Na)」とも称する)
・富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社製「HS-642」(結晶系:モルデナイト,Si/Al比=18,カチオン種:Na)
・富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社製「HS-690」(結晶系:モルデナイト,Si/Al比=180,カチオン種:H)
・東ソー株式会社製「HSZ-360HUA」(結晶系:Y型,Si/Al比=15,カチオン種:H)
・東ソー株式会社製「HSZ-385HUA」(結晶系:Y型,Si/Al比=100,カチオン種:H)・東ソー株式会社製「HSZ-390HUA」(結晶系:Y型,Si/Al比=770,カチオン種:H)
・東ソー株式会社製「HSZ-660HОA」(結晶系:モルデナイト,Si/Al比=30,カチオン種:H)
・東ソー株式会社製「HSZ-840HОA」(結晶系:ZSM-5,Si/Al比=40,カチオン種:H)
・東ソー株式会社製「HSZ-980HОA」(結晶系:ベータ,Si/Al比=500,カチオン種:H)
-多孔質絶縁体:メソポーラスシリカ-
・シグマアルドリッチ製「MCM-41」
・シグマアルドリッチ製「MCM-48」
・シグマアルドリッチ製「SBA-15」
・シグマアルドリッチ製「SBA-16」
なお、これら4つのメソポーラスシリカは、人為的にAlを含ませていないため、シリカ(SiO2)から実質的に成る。このため、これらメソポーラスシリカのSi/Al比は少なくとも10,000より大きいと考えられる。
・リチウムビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミド(キシダ化学株式会社製(LBG用);以下、「LiFSI」とも称する)
・リチウムビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミド(キシダ化学株式会社製(LBG用);以下、「LiTFSI」とも称する)
・ヘキサフルオロリン酸リチウム(キシダ化学株式会社製(LBG用);以下、「LiPF6」または「LiPF6」とも称する)
・テトラフルオロホウ酸リチウム(キシダ化学株式会社製(LBG用);以下、「LiBF4」または「LiBF4」とも称する)
・過塩素酸リチウム(キシダ化学株式会社製(LBG用);以下、「LiClO4」または「LiClO4」とも称する)
・スルホラン(キシダ化学株式会社製(LBG用);以下、「SL」とも称する)
・ジメチルスルホン(東京化成工業株式会社製;以下、「DMSO2」とも称する)
・3-メチルスルホラン(東京化成工業株式会社製;以下、「MSL」とも称する)
・エチルメチルスルホン(東京化成工業株式会社製;以下、「EMS」とも称する)
-媒体:カーボネート系媒体-
・炭酸プロピレン(キシダ化学株式会社製;以下、「PC」とも称する)
・炭酸エチレン(キシダ化学株式会社製;以下、「EC」とも称する)
・炭酸ビニレン(キシダ化学株式会社製;以下、「VC」とも称する)
・炭酸フルオロエチレン(フルオロエチレンカーボネート)(キシダ化学株式会社製;以下、「FEC」とも称する)
-媒体:ラクトン系媒体-
・γ-ブチロラクトン(キシダ化学株式会社製;以下、「GBL」とも称する)
-媒体:鎖状エーテル系媒体-
・ジグライム(キシダ化学株式会社製)
・1,2-ジメトキシエタン(キシダ化学株式会社製;以下、「DME」とも称する)
金属塩としてのLiFSIと媒体としてのスルホランSLとをモル比(媒体/金属塩)=2.0となるように混合して、電解液を調製した。
固体電解質の調製は、アルゴン雰囲気中のグローブボックス内で行った。
一軸プレス機(理研機器株式会社製「CDM-20PA」)を用いて、調製した粉体状の固体電解質を200MPaでプレスした。プレスの際のプレス金型として、上下にパンチを備えたPET樹脂製のウスを用いた。詳しくは、PET樹脂製のウスは、円柱形状を有し、中心軸に沿った円柱状の貫通開口部を有する。パンチは、円柱形状を有し、ウスの貫通開口部に対して挿抜可能に設けられ、かつ上下パンチの先端面(挿通方向に垂直な面)が対向するように設けられている。上下パンチの先端面で挟み込むように粉体状の固体電解質をウスの貫通開口部にセットした。その上下パンチを一軸プレス機でプレスすることにより固体電解質を成形した。さらに、PET樹脂製のウスに備えられた上パンチおよび下パンチをそのままブロッキング電極として用いることで、測定セル(測定用のセル)とした。
なお、測定セルを作製する工程は、アルゴン雰囲気中のグローブボックス内で行われた。
(2-1.電解液の形態)
固体電解質の調製工程で得た電解液(金属塩と媒体とからなる電解液)の外観を目視で観察した。さらに、電解液が入った容器を傾けて、液面が水平面と平行となるように変化する挙動を目視にて観察した。これらの観察結果に基づいて、以下の評価基準で判定した。
(評価基準)
液体 :外観が液状であり、固体状が混ざっておらず、かつ電解液が入った円柱形容器を当該容器の底面と水平面とが30°になるように傾けた場合に、傾けてから1秒未満で電解液の液面が水平面と平行となる
シャーベット状:外観が液状と固体状とが混合した状態であって、かつ電解液が入った円柱形容器を当該容器の底面と水平面とが30°になるように傾けた場合に、傾けてから1秒以上60秒以下で電解液の液面の形状が変化する
固体 :外観が固体状であり、かつ電解液が入った円柱形容器を当該容器の底面と水平面とが30°になるように傾けた場合に、傾けてから10分を超えても電解液の液面に変化がない
-測定試料の調製-
(1-3.測定セルの作製)で作製した測定セル電池を、タブ電極付きのラミネートに封入して、測定試料としてのイオン伝導率測定用セルとした。
インピーダンスメータ(バイオロジック社製「VMP3」)を用いて、測定試料のイオン伝導率を測定した。イオン伝導率の測定は交流インピーダンス法にて室温(25℃)で行った。実施例1の固体電解質は、モル比(SL/LiFSI)2.0で、イオン伝導率が1.9×10-4(S/cm)であった。その結果を、既述した電解液の外観観察の結果とともに表1に示す。表1は、モル比(SL/LiFSI)、室温での電解液の状態および室温でのイオン伝導率を示す。
実施例1、ならびに後述の実施例2~8および比較例1~2の電解質についてラマン分光を用いて構造解析を行った。
(1-3.測定セルの作製)で成形した固体電解質を構造解析用の測定試料とした。得られた測定試料を顕微レーザーラマン分光測定装置(堀場製作所株式会社製「LabRam HR Evolution」)に設置した。測定試料の表面に赤外レーザー光(波長1064nm)を照射し、スポット径7μmの対物レンズを使用して、ラマンスペクトルを測定した。なお、ラマンスペクトルは、構造解析用の測定試料(固体電解質)を切断して形成した切断面に赤外レーザー光を照射して測定してもよい。
多孔質絶縁体としてゼオライトまたはメソポーラスシリカを用いた系の一部(実施例41~46)では、ゼオライトまたはメソポーラスシリカのSi/Al比を決定した。
詳しくは、ゼオライトまたはメソポーラスシリカを測定が可能な程度に粉砕した。粉砕したゼオライトまたはメソポーラスシリカを核磁気共鳴装置(日本電子製「ECA400型 FT-NMR装置」)に設置した。磁場強度9.2Tおよび核種:29Siの測定条件にて測定して29Si NMRスペクトルを得た。29Si NMRスペクトルのピーク面積強度比からSi/Al比を得た。
モル比(SL/LiFSI)を2.0から表1に記載のモル比に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様に、電解質を調製しイオン伝導率を測定した。また、電解質の調製工程で得た電解液の外観も観察した。これらの結果を表1に示す。
なお、金属塩と媒体とからなる電解液における金属塩の濃度が比較的高い場合(つまり、媒体の濃度が比較的低い場合)、電解液は室温(25℃)で固体または固体が析出した液体となることがある。かかる場合、調製した電解液中の固体が完全に溶解するまで(例えば、100℃)加熱して、液体としてから含浸処理を行った。
実施例6では、実施例6の電解質と、負極としてLi4Ti5O12と、正極としてLiFePO4とを備えたリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。電流0.2C(クーロン)で充放電を行った。充放電の電位が約1.8Vであった。
(イオン伝導率)
表1は、モル比(SL/LiFSI)および室温でのイオン伝導率を示す。表1に基づいて図4を作成した。図4は、モル比(SL/LiFSI)と室温でのイオン伝導率との関係を示す。図4における横軸はモル比を示し、縦軸は室温でのイオン伝導率(単位:S/cm)を示す。なお、図4の縦軸のメモリにおける、例えば、1.0E-03は1.0×10-3を示す。
また、実施例4におけるSLとLiFSIとからなる電解液のイオン伝導率を測定したところ、測定下限以下(または測定限界以下;より具体的には、約10-7S/cm以下)であった。これは、絶縁体のイオン伝導率に相当する値であった。
SL-LiFSI系の電解質では、図2に示すように、O-S-O変角振動に由来するピーク(ラマン散乱ピーク)は、モル比(SL/LiFSI)が2.6~9.6である場合、560~570cm-1に位置し、モル比(SL/LiFSI)が減少し、0.5から2.0である場合、580~590cm-1に位置していた。実施例1~5の電解質は、比較例1~2の電解質に比べ、O-S-O変角振動に由来するピークが高波数側にシフトしていた。
これらの結果から、実施例1~8の電解質では、金属塩を構成するLi+と、媒体としてのSLとが第1ブリッジ構造を形成しているものと考えられる。第1ブリッジ構造は、特定のモル比(SL/LiFSI)によるものと推測される。
SL-LiFSI系の電解質では、図3に示すように、S-N-S伸縮振動に由来するピーク(ラマン散乱ピーク)は、モル比(SL/LiFSI)が2.6~9.6である場合、720~740cm-1に位置し、モル比(SL/LiFSI)が減少し、0.5から2.0である場合、740~760cm-1に位置していた。実施例1~5の電解質は、比較例1~2の電解質に比べ、S-N-S伸縮振動に由来するピークがモル比(SL/LiFSI)の減少に伴い高波数側に徐々にシフトしていた。
これらの結果から、実施例1~5の電解質では、金属塩を構成する正イオンLi+および負イオンFSIが第2ブリッジ構造を形成しているものと考えられる。第2ブリッジ構造は、特定のモル比(SL/LiFSI)によるものと推測される。
実施例1~8の電解質は、細孔を有する多孔質絶縁体としてのUiO-67と、細孔に配置されたスルホニル基を有する媒体としてのSLおよび金属塩としてのLiFSIとを備え、金属塩としてのLiFSIは、アルカリ金属塩およびアルカリ土類金属塩からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であり、金属塩に対する媒体のモル比(媒体/金属塩)が0.1以上2.0以下であった。つまり、実施例1~8の電解質は、請求項1に係る発明の範囲に包含される電解質であった。
比較例1~2の電解質のイオン伝導率は、常温(室温)で1.2×10-4S/cmであった。
多孔質絶縁体としてのUiO-67およびモル比(媒体/金属塩)を表2の記載の多孔質絶縁体(金属有機絶縁体)およびモル比にそれぞれ変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、電解質を調製し、電池を作製した。
また、実施例1と同様にして、イオン伝導率を測定した。それらの結果を表2に示す。
実施例9~14の電解質は、細孔を有する多孔質絶縁体(金属有機構造体)としてのHKUST-1、ZIF-8およびMIL-100(Fe)のいずれかと、細孔に配置されたスルホニル基を有する媒体としてのSLおよび金属塩としてのLiFSIとを備え、金属塩としてのLiFSIは、アルカリ金属塩およびアルカリ土類金属塩からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であり、金属塩に対する媒体のモル比(媒体/金属塩)が0.1以上2.0以下であった。つまり、実施例9~14の電解質は、請求項1に係る発明の範囲に包含される電解質であった。
比較例3~5の電解質のイオン伝導率は、常温(室温)で0.77×10-4~1.7×10-4S/cmであった。
金属塩としてのLiFSI、媒体としてのSLおよびモル比を表3の記載の金属塩、媒体およびモル比(媒体/金属塩)にそれぞれ変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして電解質を調製し、電池を作製した。
また、実施例1と同様にして、イオン伝導率を測定した。それらの結果を表3に示す。
(イオン伝導率)
媒体をスルホラン(SL)から炭酸エチレン(EC)(キシダ化学株式会社製に変更し、かつ表4に記載のモル比(EC/LiFSI)を採用したこと以外は実施例1と同様に、実施例21~28の電解液を調製し、イオン伝導率を測定した。また、電解液の調製工程で得た電解液の外観も観察した。これらの結果を表4に示す。
比較例6~7の電解質のイオン伝導率は、室温で2.7×10-4~2.9×10-4S/cmであった。
-第1ブリッジ構造-
さらに、実施例23、25~26および比較例6の電解質について、実施例1と同様に、ラマン分光法による電解質の構造解析を行った。図6に実施例23、25~26および比較例6の電解質の870~930cm-1におけるラマンスペクトルを示す。図6に示すラマンスペクトルにおいて、縦軸がラマン強度(単位:任意強度)を示し、横軸がラマンシフト(単位:cm-1)を示す。図6に示すラマンスペクトルは、900~910cm-1付近にピークを有するものであった。このピークは、炭酸エチレン(EC)のリング呼吸振動(ヘテロ環の呼吸振動)に由来する895cm-1付近に位置するピークが、高波数側にシフトしたピークと帰属した。
これに対して、当該呼吸振動に由来するピークは、モル比(EC/LiFSI)が10(比較例6)である場合、2つ存在し、それぞれ895cm-1付近と900~910cm-1(ショルダー)とに位置していた。つまり、比較例6の電解質は、当該呼吸振動由来のピークが主として観測され、その高波数側にシフトしたピークがわずかに観測された。
媒体としてのECとが第1ブリッジ構造を形成しているものと考えられる。そして、このブリッジ構造は、モル比(EC/LiFSI)によるものと推測される。
また、図7に実施例23、25~26および比較例6の電解質の680~800cm-1におけるラマンスペクトルを示す。図7に示すラマンスペクトルにおいて、縦軸がラマン強度(単位:任意強度)を示し、横軸がラマンシフト(単位:cm-1)を示す。図7に示すラマンスペクトルは、740~760cm-1付近にピークを有するものであった。このピークは、FSIアニオンのS-N-S伸縮振動に由来する710~740cm-1付近に位置するピークが高波数側にシフトしたピークと帰属した。
これに対して、当該伸縮振動に由来するピークは、モル比(EC/LiFSI)が10(比較例6)である場合、当該伸縮振動由来のピークが主として存在していた。つまり、比較例6の電解質は、当該呼吸振動由来のピークが主として観測された。
FSIアニオンとが第2ブリッジ構造を形成しているものと考えられる。そして、この第2ブリッジ構造は、モル比(EC/LiFSI)によるものと推測される。
媒体としてのスルホラン(SL)を炭酸エチレン(EC)(キシダ化学株式会社製に変更し、モル比(SL/LiSFI)を表5に記載のモル比(EC/LiFSI)に変更し、多孔質絶縁体としてのUiO-67を表5に記載の金属有機構造体(MOF)に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例29~32の電解質を調製し、イオン伝導率を測定した。これらの結果を表5に示す。
媒体としてのスルホラン(SL)を炭酸エチレン(EC)(キシダ化学株式会社製に変更し、モル比(SL/LiSFI)を表6に記載のモル比(EC/LiFSI)に変更し、多孔質絶縁体としてのUiO-67をゼオライトであるHS-690に変更し、真空下での多孔質絶縁体の乾燥温度を250℃から300℃に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例33~40および比較例8~9の電解質を調製し、イオン伝導率を測定した。また、電解液の調製工程で得た電解液の外観も観察した。これらの結果を表6に示す。
実施例33~40の電解質のイオン伝導率は、室温で9.7×10-4~54×10-4S/cmであった。
比較例8~9の電解質のイオン伝導率は、室温で2.5×10-4~2.8×10-4S/cmであった。
媒体としてのスルホラン(SL)を炭酸エチレン(EC)(キシダ化学株式会社製に変更し、モル比(SL/LiSFI)を表7に記載のモル比(EC/LiFSI)に変更し、多孔質絶縁体としてのUiO-67をゼオライト(HS-320(H)、HSZ-360HUA、HSZ-660HOA、HSZ-385HUA、HSZ-980HOA、およびHSZ-390HUAのいずれか)に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例41~46の電解質を調製し、イオン伝導率を測定した。これらの結果を表7に示す。
媒体としてのスルホラン(SL)を表8に記載の媒体に変更し、金属塩としてのLiSFIを表8に記載のアルカリ金属塩に変更し、多孔質絶縁体としてのUiO-67をゼオライト(HS-690)に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例48~63の電解質を調製し、イオン伝導率を測定した。これらの結果を表8に示す。
媒体としてのスルホラン(SL)を表9に記載の媒体に変更し、多孔質絶縁体としてのUi0-67を表9に記載のメソポーラスシリカに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例64~69の電解質を調製し、イオン伝導率を測定した。これらの結果を表9に示す。
多孔質絶縁体としてのUi0-67を表10に記載のゼオライトに変更し、モル比(SL-LiFSI)を表10に記載のモル比に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例71~80の電解質を調製し、イオン伝導率を測定した。これらの結果を表10に示す。
実施例71~80の電解質のイオン伝導率は、室温で3.3×10-4~42×10-4S/cmであった。
多孔質絶縁体としてのUi0-67を表11に記載のメソポーラスシリカに変更し、モル比(SL/LiFSI)を表11に記載のモル比に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例81~87および比較例11の電解質を調製し、イオン伝導率を測定した。これらの結果を表11に示す。
実施例81~87の電解質のイオン伝導率は、室温で18×10-4~120×10-4S/cmであった。
<1>細孔を有する多孔質絶縁体と、前記細孔内に配置された媒体および金属塩とを備え、
前記金属塩が、アルカリ金属塩およびアルカリ土類金属塩からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であり、
前記金属塩に対する前記媒体のモル比(媒体/金属塩)が0.1以上2.0以下である、電解質。
<2>前記媒体が、
スルホラン、ジメチルスルホン、3-メチルスルホン、およびエチルメチルスルホンからなる群より選択されるスルホニル系媒体、
炭酸エチレン、炭酸プロピレン、炭酸ビニレンおよび炭酸フルオロエチレンから成る群より選択されるカーボネート系媒体、
1,2-ジエトキシエタンおよびジグライムから成る群より選択される鎖状エーテル系媒体、
γ-ブチロラクトン、およびδ-バレロラクトンから成る群より選択されるラクトン系媒体、ならびに
1,3-ジオキソランおよび1,3-ジオキサンから成る群より選択される環状エーテル系媒体
のうちの少なくとも1種である、<1>に記載の電解質。
<3>前記金属塩は、リチウム塩である、<1>または<2>に記載の電解質。
<4>前記多孔質絶縁体が、金属有機構造体、ゼオライト、およびメソポーラスシリカからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である、<1>~<3>のいずれか1項に記載の電解質。
<5>前記金属塩を構成する正イオンが、Li+、K+、Na+、またはMg2+である、<1>~<4>のいずれか1項に記載の電解質。
<6>前記金属塩を構成する負イオンが、ビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミドイオン、TFSIイオン、テトラフルオロホウ酸イオン、および過塩素酸イオンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である、<1>~<5>のいずれか1項に記載の電解質。
<7>固体電解質である、<1>~<6>のいずれか1項に記載の電解質。
<8>前記媒体がスルホラン、ジメチルスルホン、3-メチルスルホン、およびエチルメチルスルホンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種のスルホニル基を有するスルホニル系媒体であり、
ラマンスぺクトルにおいて、前記スルホニル基のSO2変角振動に由来するピークが、高波数側にシフトする、<1>~<7>のいずれか1項に記載の電解質。
<9>前記金属塩を構成する負イオンが、ビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミドイオン、またはビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミドイオンであり、
ラマンスペクトルにおいて、前記金属塩を構成する負イオンのS-N-S伸縮振動に由来するピークが高波数側にシフトする、<1>~<8>のいずれか1項に記載の電解質。
<10>前記多孔質絶縁体は、ゼオライトおよびメソポーラスシリカのいずれか一方である、<1>~<9>のいずれか1項に記載の電解質。
<11>前記多孔質絶縁体は、ゼオライトおよびメソポーラスシリカのいずれか一方であり、
前記ゼオライトおよび前記メソポーラスシリカのSiAl比が5.0以上である、<1>~<10>のいずれか1項に記載の電解質。
<12>前記媒体が炭酸エチレン、炭酸プロピレン、炭酸ビニレンおよび炭酸フルオロエチレンから成る群より選択される少なくとも1種のカーボネート系媒体である、<1>~<11>のいずれか1項に記載の電解質。
<13>前記媒体が炭酸エチレン、炭酸プロピレン、炭酸ビニレン、および炭酸フルオロエチレンから成る群より選択される少なくとも1種のカーボネート系媒体であり、
ラマンスぺクトルにおいて、前記カーボネート系媒体が有するヘテロ環の呼吸振動に由来するピークが、高波数側にシフトする、<1>~<12>のいずれか1項に記載の電解質。
<14><1>~<13>のいずれか1項に記載の電解質を備える、電池。
Claims (14)
- 細孔を有する多孔質絶縁体と、前記細孔内に配置された媒体および金属塩とを備え、
前記金属塩が、アルカリ金属塩およびアルカリ土類金属塩からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であり、
前記金属塩に対する前記媒体のモル比(媒体/金属塩)が0.1以上2.0以下である、電解質。 - 前記媒体が、
スルホラン、ジメチルスルホン、3-メチルスルホン、およびエチルメチルスルホンからなる群より選択されるスルホニル系媒体、
炭酸エチレン、炭酸プロピレン、炭酸ビニレン、および炭酸フルオロエチレンから成る群より選択されるカーボネート系媒体、
1,2-ジエトキシエタンおよびジグライムから成る群より選択される鎖状エーテル系媒体、
γ-ブチロラクトン、およびδ-バレロラクトンから成る群より選択されるラクトン系媒体、ならびに
1,3-ジオキソランおよび1,3-ジオキサンから成る群より選択される環状エーテル系媒体
のうちの少なくとも1種である、請求項1に記載の電解質。 - 前記金属塩は、リチウム塩である、請求項1または2に記載の電解質。
- 前記多孔質絶縁体が、金属有機構造体、ゼオライト、およびメソポーラスシリカからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の電解質。
- 前記金属塩を構成する正イオンが、Li+、K+、Na+、またはMg2+である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の電解質。
- 前記金属塩を構成する負イオンが、ビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミドイオン、ビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミドイオン、テトラフルオロホウ酸イオン、および過塩素酸イオンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の電解質。
- 固体電解質である、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の電解質。
- 前記媒体がスルホラン、ジメチルスルホン、3-メチルスルホン、およびエチルメチルスルホンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種のスルホニル基を有するスルホニル系媒体であり、
ラマンスぺクトルにおいて、前記スルホニル基のSO2変角振動に由来するピークが、高波数側にシフトする、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の電解質。 - 前記金属塩を構成する負イオンが、ビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミドイオン、またはビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミドイオンであり、
ラマンスペクトルにおいて、前記金属塩を構成する負イオンのS-N-S伸縮振動に由来するピークが高波数側にシフトする、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の電解質。 - 前記多孔質絶縁体は、ゼオライトおよびメソポーラスシリカのいずれか一方である、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の電解質。
- 前記多孔質絶縁体は、ゼオライトおよびメソポーラスシリカのいずれか一方であり、
前記ゼオライトおよび前記メソポーラスシリカのSi/Al比が5.0以上である、請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の電解質。 - 前記媒体が炭酸エチレン、炭酸プロピレン、炭酸ビニレン、および炭酸フルオロエチレンから成る群より選択されるカーボネート系媒体である、請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の電解質。
- 前記媒体が炭酸エチレン、炭酸プロピレン、炭酸ビニレン、および炭酸フルオロエチレンから成る群より選択される少なくとも1種のカーボネート系媒体であり、
ラマンスぺクトルにおいて、前記カーボネート系媒体が有するヘテロ環の呼吸振動に由来するピークが、高波数側にシフトする、請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の電解質。 - 請求項1~13のいずれか1項に記載の電解質を備える、電池。
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| JP2024535146A JP7758200B2 (ja) | 2022-07-22 | 2023-07-21 | 電解質および電解質を備える電池 |
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| WO2019088196A1 (ja) * | 2017-11-02 | 2019-05-09 | アイメック・ヴェーゼットウェー | 固体電解質、電極、蓄電素子及び固体電解質の製造方法 |
| JP2020507191A (ja) * | 2017-02-07 | 2020-03-05 | ザ リージェンツ オブ ザ ユニバーシティ オブ カリフォルニア | 複合電解質膜、その製造方法及び用途 |
| JP2020043054A (ja) * | 2018-09-06 | 2020-03-19 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 固形状マグネシウムイオン伝導体、および、それを用いた二次電池 |
| JP2023044935A (ja) * | 2021-09-21 | 2023-04-03 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | リチウム金属二次電池および電解液 |
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| WO2019088196A1 (ja) * | 2017-11-02 | 2019-05-09 | アイメック・ヴェーゼットウェー | 固体電解質、電極、蓄電素子及び固体電解質の製造方法 |
| JP2020043054A (ja) * | 2018-09-06 | 2020-03-19 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 固形状マグネシウムイオン伝導体、および、それを用いた二次電池 |
| JP2023044935A (ja) * | 2021-09-21 | 2023-04-03 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | リチウム金属二次電池および電解液 |
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