WO2024016891A1 - Plaque d'électrode pré-lithiée et son procédé de préparation, batterie secondaire et dispositif électrique - Google Patents

Plaque d'électrode pré-lithiée et son procédé de préparation, batterie secondaire et dispositif électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024016891A1
WO2024016891A1 PCT/CN2023/099576 CN2023099576W WO2024016891A1 WO 2024016891 A1 WO2024016891 A1 WO 2024016891A1 CN 2023099576 W CN2023099576 W CN 2023099576W WO 2024016891 A1 WO2024016891 A1 WO 2024016891A1
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Prior art keywords
lithium
layer
prelithiated
pole piece
active material
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PCT/CN2023/099576
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王绍衫
何建福
刘倩
叶永煌
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宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2024016891A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024016891A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of secondary batteries, and in particular to a prelithiated pole piece and its preparation method, secondary batteries and electrical devices.
  • pre-lithiation technology means to add lithium to the interior of the battery before the lithium-ion battery operates to achieve lithium ion replenishment, also known as “Pre-embedded lithium technology” or “lithium replenishment technology” can offset the lithium loss caused by the formation of SEI film and avoid the reduction of battery performance.
  • This application was made in view of the above-mentioned issues, and one of its purposes is to provide a pre-lithiated pole piece, which has a simple structure, can be produced using existing pole piece preparation processes, and has a low production cost.
  • a first aspect of the present application provides a pre-lithium pole piece, which includes a current collector and an active material layer disposed on at least one surface of the current collector; the current collector and at least one A lithium replenishing layer is provided between the active material layers;
  • the surface roughness of the current collector is 2 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m, and the active material layer has a porous structure.
  • the pre-lithiated pole piece has a simple structure and can be produced using existing pole piece preparation processes without the need for new equipment, which can effectively reduce production costs.
  • the Dv50 particle size of the lithium replenishing agent in the lithium replenishing layer is ⁇ 2 ⁇ m. Appropriate particle size can enable the lithium replenishing agent to be better embedded in the pits on the rough surface of the current collector.
  • the formed lithium replenishing layer has better adhesion with the current collector, and the surface is smooth, and will not appear mottled and affect subsequent film layers. of coating.
  • the amount of lithium replenishing agent in the lithium replenishing layer is 1% to 5% of the mass of the active material in the active material layer. Controlling the dosage of lithium replenishing agent within an appropriate range can meet the basic lithium replenishing needs of the battery without excessively reducing the proportion of active materials and avoiding a reduction in battery volume and capacity.
  • the thickness of the lithium supplement layer is 1 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m.
  • the appropriate thickness of the lithium replenishment layer can not only meet the needs of lithium replenishment, but also avoid excessive collapse of the pole piece after the lithium replenishment is completed, and will not occupy too much position of the pole piece, resulting in a reduction in battery volume and capacity.
  • the active material layer has a porosity of 20% to 40%.
  • the porosity of the active material layer is slightly larger than that of the active material layer in conventional pole pieces, which allows active lithium to migrate better without replenishing lithium too quickly, causing adverse effects such as lithium precipitation.
  • the prelithiated electrode piece is a positive electrode piece
  • the porosity of the active material layer is 20% to 30%. Since the oxidation voltage on the cathode side is high, the lithium replenishment material easily releases active lithium. Setting the porosity smaller is beneficial to controlling the lithium replenishment rate.
  • the prelithiated electrode piece is a negative electrode piece
  • the porosity of the active material layer is 30% to 40%.
  • the reduction voltage on the negative electrode side is low and the lithium replenishment material releases slowly, so a larger porosity is needed to increase the lithium replenishment rate to a more appropriate range.
  • the prelithiated electrode piece is a positive electrode piece
  • the lithium replenishing agent in the lithium replenishing layer includes Li 1+x Ni 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 , Li 2 NiO 2 , Li 5 FeO 4 , One or more of LiF, Li 2 S, Li 2 C 2 O 4 , LiMn 2 O 4 ; Li 2 O 2 , Li 2 O and Li 3 N, where the value of x is selected from 0 to 1 any value.
  • the pre-lithium electrode piece is a negative electrode piece
  • the lithium supplement layer in the lithium supplement layer The agent includes one or more of lithium powder and prelithiated graphite.
  • a conductive layer is provided between at least one of the lithium replenishing layers and the active material layer, and the conductive layer has a porous structure.
  • the introduction of the conductive layer can better passivate the lithium replenishing agent and prevent the lithium replenishing agent from being deactivated due to contact with water and oxygen; in addition, after the lithium replenishing is completed, the conductive layer can play a supporting role to avoid the collapse and demoulding of the pole piece; Furthermore, the arrangement of the conductive layer can also make the active material layer more uniformly coated, balance the contact resistance between the layers of the pole piece, and prevent the active material from being released evenly.
  • the conductive layer has a porosity of 40% to 50%.
  • the appropriate porosity of the conductive layer can not only control the lithium replenishment rate, but also make the conductive layer have a certain rigidity, which can provide support and avoid the collapse of the pole piece after the lithium replenishment is completed.
  • the prelithiated electrode piece is a positive electrode piece
  • the porosity of the conductive layer is 40% to 45%. Since the oxidation voltage on the cathode side is high, the lithium replenishment material easily releases active lithium. Setting the porosity smaller is beneficial to controlling the lithium replenishment rate.
  • the prelithiated electrode piece is a negative electrode piece
  • the porosity of the conductive layer is 45% to 50%.
  • the reduction voltage on the negative electrode side is low and the lithium replenishment material releases slowly, so a larger porosity is needed to increase the lithium replenishment rate to a more appropriate range.
  • the conductive layer has a thickness of 1 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the conductive layer also needs to be controlled within an appropriate range, which can better achieve the aforementioned support, control the lithium replenishment rate and uniform contact resistance, without occupying too much space and causing a decrease in the volume capacity of the battery.
  • the conductive layer includes a conductive agent and a binder.
  • the conductive agent includes one or more of conductive graphite, conductive carbon black, carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes, and graphene.
  • the binder includes acrylic, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, polyacrylic acid, polytetrafluoroethylene and one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride.
  • a suitable adhesive can provide sufficient bonding force, and at the same time enable the conductive agent to be dispersed evenly without agglomeration, allowing it to better function as a conductive layer.
  • the mass ratio of the conductive agent and the binder is 1:(0.03-0.07).
  • the appropriate dosage ratio of conductive agent and binder can make the conductive agent disperse evenly, not agglomerate, have good adhesion and not be demolded, and at the same time, it can make the pole piece have smaller resistance.
  • the conductive layer further includes inorganic nanoparticles.
  • the inorganic nanoparticles include one or more of Au, Sn, ZnO, MoS2 , and Al2O3 .
  • the introduction of appropriate types of inorganic nanoparticles can increase the migration rate of active lithium. Combined with the control of parameters such as porosity, the overall balance and regulation of the lithium replenishment rate can be achieved.
  • the mass ratio of the conductive agent and the inorganic nanoparticles is 1:(0.001-0.01).
  • the appropriate dosage ratio of conductive agent and inorganic nanoparticles can balance the conductivity and lithophilicity of the conductive layer, which can improve the conductivity without affecting the transport of active lithium.
  • a second aspect of this application provides a method for preparing pre-lithiated pole pieces, which includes the following steps:
  • a current collector with a surface roughness of 2 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m, and prepare a lithium replenishing layer on at least one surface of the current collector;
  • An active material layer with a porous structure is prepared on the lithium supplement layer.
  • a third aspect of the present application provides a secondary battery, which includes the pre-lithiated electrode piece described in one or more of the aforementioned embodiments.
  • a fourth aspect of the present application provides a battery module, which includes the aforementioned secondary battery.
  • a fifth aspect of the present application provides a battery pack, which includes the aforementioned battery module.
  • a sixth aspect of the present application provides an electrical device, which includes one or more of the aforementioned secondary batteries, battery modules, and battery packs.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded view of the secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present application shown in Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG 5 is an exploded view of the battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application shown in Figure 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a power consumption device using a secondary battery as a power source according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of indicated technical features. Therefore, features defined as “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of these features.
  • a plurality means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise expressly and specifically limited.
  • everal means at least one, such as one, two, etc., unless otherwise expressly and specifically limited.
  • the technical features described in open format include closed technical solutions composed of the listed features, and also include open technical solutions including the listed features.
  • the above numerical interval is considered to be continuous and includes the minimum value and maximum value of the range, as well as every value between such minimum value and maximum value. Further, when a range refers to an integer, every integer between the minimum value and the maximum value of the range is included. Additionally, when multiple ranges are provided to describe a feature or characteristic, the ranges can be combined. In other words, unless otherwise indicated, all ranges disclosed herein are to be understood to include any and all subranges subsumed therein.
  • the percentage concentrations mentioned in this application refer to the final concentration unless otherwise specified.
  • the final concentration refers to the proportion of the added component in the system after adding the component.
  • the temperature parameters in this application allow for constant temperature treatment or treatment within a certain temperature range.
  • the thermostatic treatment described allows the temperature to fluctuate within the accuracy of the instrument control.
  • the electrode piece Due to the formation of the SEI film, part of the lithium ions will be consumed, which increases the irreversible capacity of the battery for the first charge and discharge and reduces the charge and discharge efficiency and cycle performance of the electrode material. In order to replenish this part of the consumed lithium ions, the electrode piece needs to be replenished with lithium.
  • the pole piece structure In order to achieve lithium replenishment, the pole piece structure often needs to be redesigned, which is quite different from the existing pole piece structure. It is inconvenient to use existing processing equipment for processing, which greatly increases the production cost.
  • traditional technology rarely involves the regulation of lithium replenishment rate, cannot achieve long-term lithium replenishment, and has limited improvement in battery life.
  • the first aspect of the present application provides a pre-lithium pole piece, which includes a current collector and an active material layer disposed on at least one surface of the current collector; between the current collector and at least one active material layer It is equipped with a lithium supplement layer;
  • the surface roughness of the current collector is 2 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m, and the active material layer has a porous structure.
  • the pre-lithiated pole piece has a simple structure and can be produced using existing pole piece preparation processes without the need for new equipment, which can effectively reduce production costs.
  • the surface roughness of the current collector is preferably 2 ⁇ m to 3.5 ⁇ m.
  • the surface roughness of the current collector can also be 2.5 ⁇ m, 3 ⁇ m, 3.5 ⁇ m, 4 ⁇ m or 4.5 ⁇ m; appropriate roughness can make the current collector have sufficient resistance to the lithium replenishing agent. Adhesion, and at the same time, it can avoid excessive roughness, which will lead to poor infiltration of the lithium replenishing agent electrolyte deep in the pits and affect the release.
  • the Dv50 particle size of the lithium replenishing agent in the lithium replenishing layer is ⁇ 2 ⁇ m.
  • the Dv50 particle size of the lithium supplement may be, for example, 300 nm to 2 ⁇ m, or may be 500 nm, 750 nm, 1 ⁇ m, 1.25 ⁇ m, 1.5 ⁇ m or 1.75 ⁇ m.
  • Appropriate particle size can enable the lithium replenishing agent to be better embedded in the pits on the rough surface of the current collector.
  • the formed lithium replenishing layer has better adhesion with the current collector, and the surface is smooth, and will not appear mottled and affect subsequent film layers. of coating.
  • Dv50 particle size refers to the particle size corresponding to when the cumulative volume distribution number of particles reaches 50% in the volume cumulative distribution curve of particle size. Its physical meaning is that the particle size is smaller (or larger) than this particle size. The volume proportion of the particles is 50%.
  • Dv50 can be easily measured using a laser particle size analyzer, such as the Mastersizer 2000E laser particle size analyzer of Malvern Instruments Co., Ltd. in the UK, referring to the GB/T19077-2016 particle size distribution laser diffraction method.
  • the amount of lithium replenishing agent in the lithium replenishing layer is 1% to 5% of the mass of the active material in the active material layer.
  • the amount of lithium replenishing agent may also be, for example, 2%, 3%, or 4%. Controlling the dosage of lithium replenishing agent within an appropriate range can meet the basic lithium replenishing needs of the battery without excessively reducing the proportion of active materials and avoiding a reduction in battery volume and capacity.
  • the thickness of the lithium supplement layer is 1 ⁇ m ⁇ 2 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the lithium replenishing layer can be, for example, 1.25 ⁇ m, 1.5 ⁇ m, or 1.75 ⁇ m.
  • the appropriate thickness of the lithium replenishment layer can not only meet the needs of lithium replenishment, but also avoid excessive collapse of the pole piece after the lithium replenishment is completed, and will not occupy too much position of the pole piece, resulting in a reduction in battery volume and capacity.
  • the active material layer has a porosity of 20% to 40%.
  • the thickness of the active material layer may also be, for example, 22%, 24%, 26%, 28%, 30%, 32%, 34%, 36% or 38%.
  • the porosity of the active material layer is slightly larger than that of the active material layer in conventional pole pieces, which allows active lithium to migrate better without replenishing lithium too quickly, causing adverse effects such as lithium precipitation.
  • the prelithiated electrode piece is a positive electrode piece
  • the porosity of the active material layer is 20% to 30%. Since the oxidation voltage on the cathode side is high, the lithium replenishment material easily releases active lithium. Setting the porosity smaller is beneficial to controlling the lithium replenishment rate.
  • the prelithiated electrode piece is a negative electrode piece
  • the porosity of the active material layer is 30% to 40%.
  • the reduction voltage on the negative electrode side is low and the lithium replenishment material releases slowly, so a larger porosity is needed to increase the lithium replenishment rate to a more appropriate range.
  • the prelithiated electrode piece is a positive electrode piece
  • the lithium replenishing agent in the lithium replenishing layer includes Li 1+x Ni 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 , Li 2 NiO 2 , Li 5 FeO 4 , LiF, Li 2 One or more of S, Li 2 C 2 O 4 , LiMn 2 O 4 ; Li 2 O 2 , Li 2 O and Li 3 N, where the value of x is selected from any value between 0 and 1, Optionally, x is 0, 0.5 or 1.
  • the prelithiated electrode piece is a negative electrode piece
  • the lithium replenishing agent in the lithium replenishing layer includes one or more of lithium powder and prelithiated graphite.
  • a conductive layer is provided between at least one lithium supplement layer and the active material layer, and the conductive layer has a porous structure.
  • the introduction of the conductive layer can better passivate the lithium replenishing agent and prevent the lithium replenishing agent from being deactivated due to contact with water and oxygen; in addition, after the lithium replenishing is completed, the conductive layer can play a supporting role to avoid the collapse and demoulding of the pole piece; Furthermore, the arrangement of the conductive layer can also make the active material layer more uniformly coated, balance the contact resistance between the layers of the pole piece, and prevent the active material from being released evenly.
  • lithium-replenishing pole piece in this application can have any of the following structures:
  • the conductive layer has a porosity of 40% to 50%.
  • the thickness of the conductive layer may also be, for example, 42%, 44%, 46% or 48%. Appropriate porosity of the conductive layer can not only control the lithium replenishment rate, but also make the conductive layer have a certain rigidity, which can provide support and avoid the collapse of the pole piece after the lithium replenishment is completed.
  • the prelithiated electrode piece is a positive electrode piece
  • the porosity of the conductive layer is 40% to 45%. Since the oxidation voltage on the cathode side is high, the lithium replenishment material easily releases active lithium. Setting the porosity smaller is beneficial to controlling the lithium replenishment rate.
  • the prelithiated electrode piece is a negative electrode piece
  • the porosity of the conductive layer is 45% to 50%.
  • the reduction voltage on the negative electrode side is low and the lithium replenishment material releases slowly, so a larger porosity is needed to increase the lithium replenishment rate to a more appropriate range.
  • the conductive layer has a thickness of 1 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the conductive layer may also be, for example, 1.25 ⁇ m, 1.5 ⁇ m or 1.75 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the conductive layer also needs to be controlled within an appropriate range, which can better achieve the aforementioned support, control the lithium replenishment rate and uniform contact resistance, without occupying too much space and causing a decrease in the volume capacity of the battery.
  • the conductive layer includes a conductive agent and a binder.
  • the conductive agent includes conductive graphite, conductive carbon black, carbon fiber, carbon nanoparticles tube and one or more of graphene.
  • the carbon fiber is chopped carbon fiber, and the length of the chopped carbon fiber is 2 mm to 4 mm.
  • the binder includes acrylic, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, polyacrylic acid, polytetrafluoroethylene, and poly(tetrafluoroethylene).
  • One or more types of vinylidene fluoride can provide sufficient bonding force, and at the same time enable the conductive agent to be dispersed evenly without agglomeration, allowing it to better function as a conductive layer.
  • the weight average molecular weight of polyacrylic acid is 2000Da to 3000Da.
  • the weight average molecular weight of polytetrafluoroethylene is 3w Da to 5w Da.
  • the weight average molecular weight of polyvinylidene fluoride is 40w Da to 50w Da.
  • the mass ratio of the conductive agent and the binder is 1:(0.03 ⁇ 0.07).
  • the mass ratio of the conductive agent and the binder can also be, for example, 1:0.04, 1:0.05 or 1:0.06.
  • the appropriate dosage ratio of conductive agent and binder can make the conductive agent disperse evenly, not agglomerate, have good adhesion and not be demolded, and at the same time, it can make the pole piece have smaller resistance.
  • inorganic nanoparticles are also included in the conductive layer.
  • the inorganic nanoparticles include one or more of Au, Sn, ZnO, MoS2 , and Al2O3 .
  • the introduction of appropriate types of inorganic nanoparticles can increase the migration rate of active lithium. Combined with the control of parameters such as porosity, the overall balance and regulation of the lithium replenishment rate can be achieved.
  • the mass ratio of the conductive agent and the inorganic nanoparticles is 1:(0.001 ⁇ 0.01).
  • the mass ratio of the conductive agent and the inorganic nanoparticles can also be, for example, 1:0.002, 1:0.004, 1:0.006 or 1:0.008.
  • the appropriate dosage ratio of conductive agent and inorganic nanoparticles can balance the conductivity and lithophilicity of the conductive layer, which can improve the conductivity without affecting the transport of active lithium.
  • a second aspect of this application provides a method for preparing pre-lithiated pole pieces, which includes the following steps:
  • a current collector with a surface roughness of 2 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m, and prepare a lithium replenishing layer on at least one surface of the current collector;
  • An active material layer with a porous structure is prepared on the lithium supplement layer.
  • preparing or forming the target layer B on a certain layer A includes preparing or forming the target layer B directly on this layer A, and also includes other layers C, Layer B is prepared or formed on D...
  • preparing an active material layer with a porous structure on the lithium supplement layer means that the active material layer can be directly prepared on the surface of the lithium supplement layer, or other film layers, such as conductive layers, can be prepared on the surface of the lithium supplement layer first. layer, and then prepare an active material layer on the surface of the conductive layer.
  • the film layers prepared on the two surfaces of the current collector are independent of each other and are not affected.
  • a lithium replenishing layer and an active material layer can be sequentially prepared on one surface of the current collector, and only an active material layer can be prepared on the other surface; for another example, a lithium replenishing layer, a conductive layer, and an active material layer can be sequentially prepared on one surface of the current collector.
  • only the active material layer is prepared on the other surface, or the lithium supplement layer and the active material layer are prepared in sequence.
  • the two surfaces can also be symmetrically distributed and have film layers with the same structure.
  • the lithium replenishing layer is prepared using a dry method.
  • the prelithiated electrode piece is a negative electrode piece, it is preferable to prepare the lithium replenishing layer by a dry method, and press the lithium replenishing agent into the pits on the surface of the current collector by direct rolling.
  • the lithium replenishing layer is prepared by wet coating.
  • wet coating is preferably used to prepare the lithium replenishing layer.
  • the lithium replenishing agent can be prepared into a dispersion with solvents such as N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), ethanol, propylene glycol, and water. Then coating is performed to prepare a lithium replenishing layer.
  • a third aspect of the present application provides a secondary battery, which includes the pre-lithium pole piece of one or more of the aforementioned embodiments.
  • a fourth aspect of the present application provides a battery module, which includes the aforementioned secondary battery.
  • a fifth aspect of the present application provides a battery pack, which includes the aforementioned battery module.
  • a sixth aspect of the present application provides an electrical device, which includes one or more of the aforementioned secondary batteries, battery modules, and battery packs.
  • a secondary battery is provided.
  • a secondary battery typically includes a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, an electrolyte and a separator.
  • active ions are inserted and detached back and forth between the positive and negative electrodes.
  • the electrolyte plays a role in conducting ions between the positive and negative electrodes.
  • the isolation film is set between the positive electrode piece and the negative electrode piece. It mainly plays the role of preventing the positive and negative electrodes from short-circuiting, and at the same time, it can make the ions pass.
  • At least one of the positive electrode piece and the negative electrode piece of the secondary battery provided by this application is the pre-lithiated electrode piece provided by the first aspect of this application.
  • the positive electrode piece adopts the prelithiated electrode piece provided in the first aspect of the application, and the negative electrode piece uses a conventional negative electrode piece, or the negative electrode piece uses the prelithiated electrode piece provided in the first aspect of the application, and the positive electrode piece Use conventional positive pole pieces.
  • the structure and materials of conventional positive electrode pieces or negative electrode pieces are as follows:
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode film layer disposed on at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector.
  • the positive electrode film layer includes the positive electrode active material of the first aspect of the present application.
  • the positive electrode current collector has two surfaces facing each other in its own thickness direction, and the positive electrode film layer is disposed on any one or both of the two opposite surfaces of the positive electrode current collector.
  • the positive electrode current collector may be a metal foil or a composite current collector.
  • the metal foil aluminum foil can be used.
  • the composite current collector may include a polymer material base layer and a metal layer formed on at least one surface of the polymer material base layer.
  • Composite current collectors can be formed by forming metal materials (aluminum, aluminum alloys, nickel, nickel alloys, titanium, titanium alloys, silver and silver alloys, etc.) on polymer material substrates (such as polypropylene (PP), polyterephthalate It is formed on substrates such as ethylene glycol ester (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE), etc.).
  • PP polypropylene
  • PBT polybutylene terephthalate
  • PS polystyrene
  • PE polyethylene
  • the cathode active material may be a cathode active material known in the art for batteries.
  • the cathode active material may include at least one of the following materials: an olivine-structured lithium-containing phosphate, a lithium transition metal oxide, and their respective modified compounds.
  • the present application is not limited to these materials, and other traditional materials that can be used as positive electrode active materials of batteries can also be used. Only one type of these positive electrode active materials may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
  • lithium transition metal oxides may include, but are not limited to, lithium cobalt oxides (such as LiCoO 2 ), lithium nickel oxides (such as LiNiO 2 ), lithium manganese oxides (such as LiMnO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 ), lithium Nickel cobalt oxide, lithium manganese cobalt oxide, lithium nickel manganese oxide, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (such as LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 (also referred to as NCM 333 ), LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 (can also be abbreviated to NCM 523 ), LiNi 0.5 Co 0.25 Mn 0.25 O 2 (can also be abbreviated to NCM 211 ), LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 (can also be abbreviated to NCM 622 ), LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 (also referred to as NCM 811 ), lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (such as LiNi 0.85
  • lithium-containing phosphates with an olivine structure may include, but are not limited to, lithium iron phosphate (such as LiFePO 4 (also referred to as LFP)), composites of lithium iron phosphate and carbon, lithium manganese phosphate (such as LiMnPO 4 ), phosphoric acid At least one of a composite material of lithium manganese and carbon, a composite material of lithium manganese iron phosphate, or a composite material of lithium manganese iron phosphate and carbon.
  • lithium iron phosphate such as LiFePO 4 (also referred to as LFP)
  • composites of lithium iron phosphate and carbon such as LiMnPO 4
  • LiMnPO 4 lithium manganese phosphate
  • phosphoric acid At least one of a composite material of lithium manganese and carbon, a composite material of lithium manganese iron phosphate, or a composite material of lithium manganese iron phosphate and carbon.
  • the positive electrode film layer optionally further includes a binder.
  • the binder may include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene-propylene terpolymer, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene At least one of ethylene terpolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer and fluorine-containing acrylate resin.
  • the positive electrode film layer optionally further includes a conductive agent.
  • the conductive agent may include at least one of superconducting carbon, acetylene black, carbon black, Ketjen black, carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene and carbon nanofibers.
  • the positive electrode sheet can be prepared by dispersing the above-mentioned components for preparing the positive electrode sheet, such as positive active material, conductive agent, binder and any other components in a solvent (such as N -methylpyrrolidone) to form a positive electrode slurry; the positive electrode slurry is coated on the positive electrode current collector, and after drying, cold pressing and other processes, the positive electrode piece can be obtained.
  • a solvent such as N -methylpyrrolidone
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode film layer disposed on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector, where the negative electrode film layer includes a negative electrode active material.
  • the negative electrode current collector has two opposite surfaces in its own thickness direction, and the negative electrode film layer is disposed on any one or both of the two opposite surfaces of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the negative electrode current collector may be a metal foil or a composite current collector.
  • the composite current collector may include a polymer material base layer and a metal layer formed on at least one surface of the polymer material base material.
  • the composite current collector can be formed by forming metal materials (copper, copper alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, silver and silver alloy, etc.) on a polymer material substrate (such as polypropylene (PP), polyterephthalate It is formed on substrates such as ethylene glycol ester (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE), etc.).
  • PP polypropylene
  • PBT polybutylene terephthalate
  • PS polystyrene
  • PE polyethylene
  • the negative active material may be a negative active material known in the art for batteries.
  • the negative active material may include at least one of the following materials: artificial Graphite, natural graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, silicon-based materials, tin-based materials and lithium titanate, etc.
  • the silicon-based material may be selected from at least one of elemental silicon, silicon oxide compounds, silicon carbon composites, silicon nitrogen composites and silicon alloys.
  • the tin-based material may be selected from at least one of elemental tin, tin oxide compounds and tin alloys.
  • the present application is not limited to these materials, and other traditional materials that can be used as battery negative electrode active materials can also be used. Only one type of these negative electrode active materials may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
  • the negative electrode film layer optionally further includes a binder.
  • the binder can be selected from styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), polyacrylic acid (PAA), polyacrylic acid sodium (PAAS), polyacrylamide (PAM), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium alginate (SA), poly At least one of methacrylic acid (PMAA) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS).
  • the negative electrode film layer optionally further includes a conductive agent.
  • the conductive agent may be selected from at least one of superconducting carbon, acetylene black, carbon black, Ketjen black, carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene and carbon nanofibers.
  • the negative electrode film layer optionally includes other auxiliaries, such as thickeners (such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na)) and the like.
  • thickeners such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na)
  • the negative electrode sheet can be prepared by dispersing the above-mentioned components for preparing the negative electrode sheet, such as negative active materials, conductive agents, binders and any other components in a solvent (such as deionized water) to form a negative electrode slurry; the negative electrode slurry is coated on the negative electrode current collector, and after drying, cold pressing and other processes, the negative electrode piece can be obtained.
  • a solvent such as deionized water
  • the electrolyte plays a role in conducting ions between the positive and negative electrodes.
  • the type of electrolyte in this application can be selected according to needs.
  • the electrolyte can be liquid, gel, or completely solid.
  • the electrolyte is an electrolyte solution.
  • the electrolyte solution includes electrolyte salts and solvents.
  • the electrolyte salt may be selected from the group consisting of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium bisfluorosulfonimide, lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide, trifluoromethane At least one of lithium sulfonate, lithium difluorophosphate, lithium difluoroborate, lithium dioxaloborate, lithium difluorodioxalate phosphate and lithium tetrafluoroxalate phosphate.
  • the solvent may be selected from the group consisting of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, methylethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate, ethylpropyl carbonate, Butylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, methyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate At least one of ester, 1,4-butyrolactone, sulfolane, dimethyl sulfone, methyl ethyl sulfone and diethyl sulfone.
  • the electrolyte optionally further includes additives.
  • additives may include negative electrode film-forming additives, positive electrode film-forming additives, and may also include additives that can improve certain properties of the battery, such as additives that improve battery overcharge performance, additives that improve battery high-temperature or low-temperature performance, etc.
  • the secondary battery further includes a separator film.
  • a separator film There is no particular restriction on the type of isolation membrane in this application. Any well-known porous structure isolation membrane with good chemical stability and mechanical stability can be used.
  • the material of the isolation membrane can be selected from at least one of glass fiber, non-woven fabric, polyethylene, polypropylene and polyvinylidene fluoride.
  • the isolation film can be a single-layer film or a multi-layer composite film, with no special restrictions. When the isolation film is a multi-layer composite film, the materials of each layer can be the same or different, and there is no particular limitation.
  • the positive electrode piece, the negative electrode piece and the separator film can be made into an electrode assembly through a winding process or a lamination process.
  • the secondary battery may include an outer packaging.
  • the outer packaging can be used to package the above-mentioned electrode assembly and electrolyte.
  • the outer packaging of the secondary battery may be a hard shell, such as a hard plastic shell, an aluminum shell, a steel shell, etc.
  • the outer packaging of the secondary battery may also be a soft bag, such as a bag-type soft bag.
  • the material of the soft bag may be plastic, and examples of the plastic include polypropylene, polybutylene terephthalate, polybutylene succinate, and the like.
  • FIG. 1 shows a square-structured secondary battery 5 as an example.
  • the outer package may include a housing 51 and a cover 53 .
  • the housing 51 may include a bottom plate and side plates connected to the bottom plate, and the bottom plate and the side plates enclose a receiving cavity.
  • the housing 51 has an opening communicating with the accommodation cavity, and the cover plate 53 can cover the opening to close the accommodation cavity.
  • the positive electrode piece, the negative electrode piece and the isolation film can be formed into the electrode assembly 52 through a winding process or a lamination process.
  • the electrode assembly 52 is packaged in the containing cavity.
  • the electrolyte soaks into the electrode assembly 52 .
  • the number of electrode assemblies 52 contained in the secondary battery 5 can be one or more, and those skilled in the art can select according to specific actual needs.
  • secondary batteries can be assembled into battery modules, and the number of secondary batteries contained in the battery module can be one or more. Those skilled in the art can select the specific number according to the application and capacity of the battery module.
  • FIG. 3 is a battery module 4 as an example.
  • a plurality of secondary batteries 5 may be arranged in sequence along the length direction of the battery module 4 .
  • the plurality of secondary batteries 5 can be fixed by fasteners.
  • the battery module 4 may further include a housing having a receiving space in which a plurality of secondary batteries 5 are received.
  • the above-mentioned battery modules can also be assembled into a battery pack.
  • the number of battery modules contained in the battery pack can be one or more. Those skilled in the art can select the specific number according to the application and capacity of the battery pack.
  • the battery pack 1 may include a battery box and a plurality of battery modules 4 disposed in the battery box.
  • the battery box includes an upper box 2 and a lower box 3 .
  • the upper box 2 can be covered with the lower box 3 and form a closed space for accommodating the battery module 4 .
  • Multiple battery modules 4 can be arranged in the battery box in any manner.
  • the present application also provides an electrical device, which includes at least one of the secondary battery, battery module, or battery pack provided by the present application.
  • the secondary battery, battery module, or battery pack may be used as a power source for the electrical device, or may be used as an energy storage unit for the electrical device.
  • the electrical devices may include mobile equipment, electric vehicles, electric trains, ships and satellites, energy storage systems, etc., but are not limited thereto.
  • mobile devices can be, for example, mobile phones, laptops, etc.; electric vehicles can be, for example, pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, electric bicycles, electric scooters, electric golf carts, electric trucks, etc. , but not limited to this.
  • a secondary battery, a battery module or a battery pack can be selected according to its usage requirements.
  • FIG. 6 shows an electrical device 6 as an example.
  • the electric device is a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, etc.
  • a battery pack or battery module can be used.
  • the device may be a mobile phone, a tablet, a laptop, etc.
  • the device is usually required to be thin and light, and a secondary battery can be used as a power source.
  • Li 5 FeO 4 (Dv50 particle size 1.5 ⁇ m, dosage is 5% of the cathode active material) as the lithium replenishing agent. Divide the lithium replenishing agent into two equal parts and press them on two aluminum current collectors with a roughness of 3 ⁇ m. On the side, a lithium-replenishing current collector containing two lithium-replenishing layers with a thickness of 1 ⁇ m is obtained;
  • b Mix and disperse conductive carbon, methyl acrylate, and nano-Sn particles in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) at a mass ratio of 1:0.05:0.005, and coat them on both sides of the lithium-replenishing current collector prepared in step a. , obtaining a conductive lithium-supplemented current collector containing two conductive layers with a thickness of 1 ⁇ m;
  • NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
  • NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
  • the porosity of the conductive layer was 40%, and the porosity of the positive active material layer was 40%. is 25%;
  • step (1)a the roughness of the aluminum current collector is 2 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the single-sided lithium supplement layer formed is 1.1 ⁇ m.
  • step (1)a the roughness of the aluminum current collector is 5 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the single-sided lithium supplement layer formed is 0.8 ⁇ m.
  • step (1)a the Dv50 particle size of Li 5 FeO 4 is 3.5 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the lithium supplement layer on one side is 3.5 ⁇ m.
  • step (1)a the Dv50 particle size of Li 5 FeO 4 is 0.5 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the lithium supplement layer on one side is 0.5 ⁇ m.
  • step (1)a the thickness of the conductive layer on one side is 3 ⁇ m.
  • Example 2 It is basically the same as Example 1, except that the porosity of the conductive layer of the positive electrode piece obtained in step (1) is 35%.
  • Example 2 It is basically the same as Example 1, except that the conductive layer of the positive electrode sheet obtained in step (1) The porosity is 55%.
  • Example 2 It is basically the same as Example 1, except that the porosity of the active material layer of the positive electrode sheet obtained in step (1) is 15%.
  • Example 2 It is basically the same as Example 1, except that the porosity of the active material layer of the positive electrode sheet obtained in step (1) is 45%.
  • step (1) b is not included, and the obtained positive electrode piece does not contain a conductive layer.
  • step (1)a the amount of lithium replenishing agent is 10% of the positive electrode active material.
  • step (1)b the mass ratio of conductive carbon, methyl acrylate, and nano-Sn particles in the raw materials of the conductive layer is 1:0.01:0.005.
  • step (1)b the mass ratio of conductive carbon, methyl acrylate, and nano-Sn particles in the raw materials of the conductive layer is 1:0.1:0.005.
  • step (1)b the mass ratio of conductive carbon, methyl acrylate, and nano-Sn particles in the raw materials of the conductive layer is 1:0.05:0.02.
  • step (1)a the roughness of the aluminum current collector is 2 ⁇ m, and the amount of lithium replenishing agent is 3% of the positive electrode active material.
  • step (1)a the lithium replenishing agent is replaced by an equal mass of Li 2 O.
  • step (1)a the roughness of the aluminum current collector is 3.5 ⁇ m, and the lithium replenishing agent is replaced by Li 2 NiO 2 of equal mass.
  • NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
  • lithium powder (Dv50 particle size 1.5 ⁇ m, dosage is 1% of the negative active material) as the lithium supplement agent, divide the lithium supplement agent into two equal parts, and press it on both sides of the copper current collector with a roughness of 3 ⁇ m. A lithium-replenishing current collector containing two lithium-replenishing layers with a thickness of 1 ⁇ m was obtained;
  • the porosity of the conductive layer was 45%, and the porosity of the positive active material layer was 35%;
  • step (1)a is not included, and the obtained positive electrode sheet does not include a lithium replenishing layer and a conductive layer.
  • step (1)a the Dv50 particle size of Li 5 FeO 4 is 2 ⁇ m, the roughness of the aluminum current collector is 1 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the single-sided lithium supplement layer formed is 1.3 ⁇ m.
  • step (1)a the Dv50 particle size of Li 5 FeO 4 is 2 ⁇ m, the roughness of the aluminum current collector is 6 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the single-sided lithium supplement layer formed is 0.7 ⁇ m.
  • Example 3 Analyzing the data in Table 1, compared with Example 1, the surface roughness of the current collector in Example 2 is smaller, the thickness of the lithium supplement layer formed by the same amount of lithium supplement agent is slightly increased, and the adhesion to the lithium supplement layer is slightly weaker. , has a certain impact on the cycle performance; the surface roughness of the current collector in Example 3 is relatively large, and although it adheres better to the lithium replenishing layer, part of the lithium replenishing agent deep in the pits on the current collector surface may not be released, so the cycle The performance also decreased slightly; in Example 4, the particle size of the lithium replenishing agent was too large and poorly matched with the roughness of the current collector, so the adhesion was also poor, affecting the cycle performance; in Example 5, the particle size of the lithium replenishing agent Too small, and the formed lithium replenishing layer is too thin.
  • Example 6 the conductive layer is too thick, occupying more positions of the pole pieces, affecting the cycle performance of the pole pieces; in Example 7, the porosity of the conductive layer is low, and part of the The lithium agent cannot be released well, so it also affects the cycle performance to a certain extent; in Example 8, the porosity of the conductive layer is high and the lithium is released too fast, which is not conducive to long-term lithium replenishment, so the cycle performance is reduced;
  • Example The trends of Examples 9 and 10 are similar to those of Examples 7 and 8, and the cycle performance will also decrease; in Example 11, there is no conductive layer, which is prone to problems of demolding and excessive lithium release; in Example 12, lithium supplementation If the dosage of the agent is too high, it will lead to lithium precipitation and affect the proportion of active materials, thus affecting the cycle performance; in Example 13, the amount of binder in the conductive layer is small,
  • Comparative Example 1 there is no lithium replenishing layer and conductive layer, and the cycle performance has dropped significantly.
  • Comparative Examples 2 and 3 the surface roughness is not within the preset range, which seriously affects the ability of the current collector surface to the lithium replenishing layer. Adhesion, as well as the release of lithium supplement, and cycle performance were also significantly reduced relative to the examples.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte au domaine technique des batteries secondaires, et concerne en particulier une plaque d'électrode pré-lithiée et son procédé de préparation, une batterie secondaire et un dispositif électrique. La plaque d'électrode pré-lithiée comprend un collecteur de courant et une couche de matériau actif, qui est disposée sur au moins une surface du collecteur de courant ; et une couche d'ajout de lithium est disposée entre le collecteur de courant et l'au moins une couche de matériau actif, la rugosité de surface du collecteur de courant étant de 2 à 5 µm, et la couche de matériau actif ayant une structure poreuse. En utilisant le collecteur de courant ayant une certaine rugosité de surface, le matériau d'ajout de lithium peut être chargé sur celui-ci de façon à former une couche d'ajout de lithium ; et la libération de lithium actif peut être obtenue à travers les pores de la couche de matériau actif de façon à compléter le lithium vers la batterie, sans avoir besoin de changer la structure d'élément de batterie classique. La plaque d'électrode pré-lithiée a une structure simple, et peut être produite à l'aide d'un processus de préparation de plaque d'électrode existant, aucun nouvel équipement n'est nécessaire, et le coût de production peut être efficacement réduit.
PCT/CN2023/099576 2022-07-19 2023-06-12 Plaque d'électrode pré-lithiée et son procédé de préparation, batterie secondaire et dispositif électrique WO2024016891A1 (fr)

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