WO2024009607A1 - オイルの診断方法およびオイルの診断システム - Google Patents
オイルの診断方法およびオイルの診断システム Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/3103—Atomic absorption analysis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
- G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
- G01N33/2888—Lubricating oil characteristics, e.g. deterioration
Definitions
- the present invention relates to oil diagnostic technology.
- oil diagnostic technology regarding the maintenance of large machines that use industrial oils such as lubricating oils, insulating oils, and processing oils, it is necessary to diagnose the remaining lifespan of oils by measuring the color change in the lubricating oils as they are used.
- This relates to technology for monitoring machines.
- Diagnosing the properties of lubricating oil used in rotating parts such as bearings and gears is an important technology when maintaining and maintaining large rotating machinery.
- large rotating machines include speed increasers for wind power generators, air compressors, ships, and power generation turbines.
- insulating oil is used for electrical insulation in transformers, etc., and diagnosing the properties of insulating oil is also important.
- Processing oil and the like are also used during machining.
- processing oils suitable for various uses such as cutting oils, press processing oils, heat treatment oils, and rust prevention oils.
- industrial oils such as lubricating oils, insulating oils, and processing oils are sometimes collectively referred to as oil.
- lubricating oil there are various types of lubricating oil depending on the purpose of use, such as engine oil, turbine oil, hydraulic oil, bearing oil, sliding surface oil, gear oil, compressor oil, and cutting oil.
- Various additives are added to the base oil (base oil) so that each type of lubricant meets the required performance. Additives are sometimes added to other oils in order to obtain the properties required for each oil.
- the oxidative deterioration of lubricating oil in (1) includes deterioration due to oxidation of the base oil and deterioration due to consumption of additives. Oxidative deterioration of lubricating oil causes a decrease in wear resistance, a change in viscosity and viscosity index, a decrease in rust prevention, and a decrease in corrosion protection. As a result, wear and material fatigue of the gearbox may be accelerated. While it is desirable to use lubricating oil for as long as possible, if there is abnormal deterioration or contamination, it is necessary to promptly change the oil and inspect the equipment.
- RGB red, green, and blue
- Patent Document 1 it is possible to predict when it is time to replace lubricating oil or a sign of machine abnormality based on the relative change from the transmittance of new oil.
- diagnosis is performed based on the change in the B value, which has the largest change in transmittance due to oil deterioration among the RGB values.
- a method that uses a reference light called a double beam method is used. It is possible to perform correct transmittance measurements. However, it has been difficult to use a double-beam structure in a small optical sensor.
- the present invention was discovered during a study to solve the above-mentioned problems, and when detecting changes in oil properties by measuring color changes in oil (measurement target) using an optical sensor, light source intensity is The purpose is to accurately determine the condition of the oil by reducing the effects of changes and decreased sensitivity of the optical sensor.
- a preferred aspect of the present invention is a method for diagnosing oil containing an additive that exhibits absorption in the wavelength range of 400 nm to 800 nm, in which the oil This is a method of diagnosing oil to determine its condition.
- Another preferable aspect of the present invention includes a light source and a light receiving element sensitive to at least two different wavelengths, the visible light from the light source is transmitted into the oil, and the visible light transmitted through the oil is transmitted to the light receiving element.
- This is an oil diagnosis system that detects with an element, obtains chromaticity information corresponding to two different wavelengths, and diagnoses the condition of the oil based on the ratio of the two chromaticity information.
- FIG. 3 is a graph diagram showing color changes due to the use of gear oil.
- FIG. 2 is a graph diagram showing spectral sensitivity characteristics of an RGB color sensor.
- FIG. 3 is a graph diagram showing a color change due to the mixing of water.
- FIG. 3 is a graph diagram showing changes in various indicators regarding deterioration of gear oil.
- FIG. 3 is a table showing color changes due to the use of gear oil. It is a graph diagram showing an example of a calibration curve obtained from the correlation between the value of B/R and the concentration of extreme pressure agent in gear oil.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing an example of a calibration curve obtained from the correlation between the R/B value and the concentration of extreme pressure agent in gear oil.
- FIG. 2 is a table showing the results of monthly measurements of color changes due to the use of gear oil using an optical sensor capable of measuring RGB color coordinates.
- FIG. 2 is a graph diagram showing changes in various indicators regarding deterioration of gas turbine oil.
- FIG. 2 is a graph diagram showing changes in various indicators regarding engine oil deterioration.
- 1 is a schematic diagram of a wind power generator lubricant monitoring system; FIG. FIG.
- FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of a rotating component equipped with a lubricating oil sensor.
- FIG. 3 is a flow diagram showing lubricant diagnosis processing.
- FIG. 2 is a graph diagram illustrating the concept of acquisition results of chromaticity data (B/R value) of lubricating oil stored in chronological order. It is a graph diagram showing the relationship between TPPT concentration and elapsed time. It is a table diagram of transmittance measurement results and the ratio of two wavelengths.
- FIG. 2 is a graph diagram showing changes over time in the ratio of two wavelengths.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the correlation between the ratio of two wavelengths and the degree of contamination determined by a mass method.
- Lubricating oil consists of base oil and additives. Additives include antioxidants, rust inhibitors, antifoaming agents, viscosity index improvers, oiliness improvers, extreme pressure additives, detergent dispersants, pour point depressants, and emulsifiers. Oils used for purposes other than lubrication include transformer oil. For many oils, color changes due to use can be used as an indicator of when to replace the oil or if there is a malfunction in the machine.
- Lubricating oils are composed of base oils and additives, and base oils include mineral oils made from petroleum, high-performance synthetic oils, and bio-oils made from plants. Synthetic oil has high purity, is chemically very stable, and does not easily deteriorate. Therefore, color changes in lubricating oils using synthetic oils are often caused by the consumption of additives. On the other hand, mineral oils and bio-oils have low purity or chemically unstable ester structures, so their base oils may become colored when used. Coloration also occurs due to additive depletion.
- the color change of oil is that new oil is colorless or pale yellow, and changes to yellow, orange, reddish brown, and blackish brown as the days of use pass.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing color changes caused by the use of gear oil.
- the vertical axis shows the absorbance of oil with respect to the wavelength shown on the horizontal axis.
- A is the new oil
- B is the visible absorbance of the oil used for 2 months
- C is the oil used for 6 months
- D is the visible absorbance of the oil used for 1 year.
- the new oil A had a slight yellowish tinge but was almost colorless and transparent, oil B was pale yellow, oil C was orange, and oil D was reddish brown. Similar color changes occur with engine oil, engine oil, turbine oil, hydraulic oil, bearing oil, sliding surface oil, compressor oil, cutting oil, rolling oil, and insulation oil.
- Figure 2 shows the spectral sensitivity characteristics of an RGB color sensor composed of a Si photodiode array. It uses a 3ch (RGB) photodiode that is sensitive to each of Blue (460nm wavelength), Green (540nm wavelength), and Red (620nm wavelength).
- RGB 3ch
- This color sensor has a spectral sensitivity characteristic close to that of the human eye, and can be used to express the color of oil as color coordinates.
- FIG. 3 shows the relationship between wavelength and absorbance as in FIG. 1, and is an example (E) in which gear oil D, which has been used for one year, is contaminated due to water contamination. D was reddish brown and transparent, but E was cloudy brown due to 1 wt % water contamination, and the absorbance increased at all wavelengths in the visible range, that is, the transmittance decreased.
- the color of the new gear oil is measured with an RGB color sensor, and the color coordinates of the new oil are set to (255, 255, 255).
- the color coordinates of this new oil may be set to, for example, (100, 100, 100), or may be set to values such as (100, 97, 80).
- the color of used oil and deteriorated oil can be measured using the same method as for new oil.
- the color coordinates of gear oil that has been used for one year were measured using a sensor with the same performance as the one used to measure new oil, using the same method.
- Deterioration of gear oil is evaluated by the ratio of the B value, which has the largest amount of change due to deterioration, to the R value, which has the smallest amount of change, that is, the (B/R) value.
- the evaluation method may be based on a reciprocal (R/B) value. Further, the (B/G) value and (G/B) value, which is the ratio of B and G, and the (R/G) value and (G/R) value, which are the ratio of R and G, may be used.
- the RGB values and ⁇ E values will be 90% even if there is no deterioration or contamination of the oil. This diagnosis cannot distinguish between oil deterioration and contamination and changes in light source intensity.
- two values are selected from the RGB values and evaluation is performed using the ratio of the two values, such as (B/R), the influence of changes in light source intensity can be reduced.
- RGB sensor ⁇ Other than RGB sensor>
- a multispectral camera that can simultaneously measure 10 to 20 wavelengths in the visible range or a spectrophotometer with excellent wavelength resolution
- Figure 4 shows the deterioration of wind turbine gear oil containing antioxidants and extreme pressure agents, measured by changes in viscosity, changes in total acid value, changes in concentration of antioxidants and extreme pressure agents, and optical sensors. This figure shows the changes in ⁇ E and (B/R).
- the decision to change the gear oil is made when the extreme pressure agent concentration reaches 50% of the initial value.
- the timing at which the extreme pressure agent concentration reaches 50% of the initial value can be determined at the timing at which the B/R becomes equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value.
- FIG. 5 shows the results of monthly measurements of color changes due to the use of gear oil using an optical sensor that can measure RGB color coordinates. When this data was acquired, it was confirmed after the measurements were completed that there was no decrease in the light source intensity or sensitivity of the optical sensor.
- the color coordinates are (255,255,255) for the color (R, G, B) of new oil, and are expressed in 8 bits.
- the color coordinate expression method may be a percentage display other than 8-bit display, (100, 100, 100), etc., and the coordinate system may be a color system other than the RGB color system.
- Figure 6 is an example of a calibration curve obtained from the correlation between the B/R value and the concentration of extreme pressure agent in gear oil.
- the initial concentration of the extreme pressure agent in the new oil was normalized to 1, and the measured value of the new oil by the optical sensor at this time was set as (255, 255, 255).
- the concentration of extreme pressure agents in gear oil was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. The decision to perform an oil change was to be made when the extreme pressure agent concentration was 50% of the initial concentration. When the extreme pressure agent concentration reached 50% of the initial value, B/R was 0.7.
- Figure 7 is an example of a calibration curve obtained from the correlation between the R/B value and the concentration of extreme pressure agent in gear oil.
- the initial concentration of the extreme pressure agent in the new oil was normalized to 1, and the measured value of the new oil by the optical sensor at this time was set as (100, 100, 100).
- the concentration of extreme pressure agents in gear oil was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. The decision to perform an oil change was to be made when the extreme pressure agent concentration was 50% of the initial concentration. When the extreme pressure agent concentration reached 50% of the initial value, R/B was 1.43.
- Figure 8 is an example of a calibration curve obtained from the correlation between the total acid value of gear oil and B/R, which is an index of color.
- This calibration curve was created in advance using new oil and degraded oil.
- the total acid value was measured by titration using an indicator.
- the values measured by the optical sensor for new oil were (255, 255, 255).
- the total acid value of new oil is 0.3, and it is recommended that this gear oil be replaced when the total acid value exceeds 2.
- the B/R when the total acid value was 2 was 0.3.
- any two of RGB can be selected and a calibration curve can be created using their ratio.
- R/B and B/R it was also possible to use R/G, G/R, B/G, and G/B.
- Figure 9 shows the results of monthly measurements of the gear oil in the speed increaser of an onshore wind turbine using an optical sensor. Between the 9th and 10th month, 2% by weight of water was mixed in and the gear oil became cloudy. The B/R value continued to decrease until the 9th month, and then reached 1 in the 10th month, so when 100ml of gear oil was sampled and analyzed, it was confirmed that water had been mixed in.
- Figure 10 shows the results of continuous measurement of gear oil in the speed increaser of an onshore wind turbine using an optical sensor. After 1.4 years, the B/R value changed from decreasing to increasing. After two years had passed, 100 ml of gear oil was sampled and analyzed, and it was confirmed that wear particles were mixed in. Although contamination due to wear particles, sand, etc. may progress gradually over a long period of time, it was possible to detect it using the method of the example.
- FIG. 11 shows the results of monthly measurements using an optical sensor that can measure RGB color coordinates regarding color changes associated with the use of gear oil in wind turbine speed increasers.
- the sample measured was the same as the sample in FIG.
- the color coordinates of the new oil (R, G, B) were set as (255,255,255).
- FIG. 12 shows an example of diagnosis of gas turbine oil on a large ship.
- FIG. 12 shows changes in viscosity, total acid value, antioxidant concentration, degree of contamination, and B/R value measured with an optical sensor as gas turbine oil is used.
- the color coordinates of the new oil (R, G, B) were set as (255,255,255).
- the degree of contamination is a value determined by the mass method specified in the standard JIS B 9931.
- An increase in the degree of pollution means an increase in organic insoluble matter due to oxidation of gas turbine oil.
- the timing of contamination level 5 can be detected at the timing when the B/R value becomes approximately 1.2 or less.
- the degree of contamination based on this mass method has a strong correlation with the formation of sludge and varnish in lubricating oil, and the formation of sludge and varnish can be predicted by monitoring the degree of contamination.
- the degree of contamination was monitored, but the viscosity, total acid value, and antioxidant concentration can also be monitored using the B/R value.
- FIG. 13 shows an example of diagnosis of gasoline car engine oil.
- FIG. 13 shows changes in viscosity, total acid value, antioxidant concentration, and B/R with the use of engine oil using mineral oil as the base oil.
- the color coordinates of the new oil (R, G, B) were set as (255,255,255).
- the viscosity is the kinematic viscosity at 40°C (unit: cP), and the antioxidant concentration is the relative concentration determined by FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) (the antioxidant concentration of new oil is taken as 1).
- the viscosity of this engine oil increases with use, and the viscosity could be monitored by monitoring using a calibration curve created from the correlation between viscosity and B/R value.
- the total acid value and antioxidant concentration can also be monitored using the B/R value.
- the above monitoring method is applied to a system and method for monitoring lubricating oil of a wind power generator.
- This embodiment is a monitoring system for lubricating oil supplied to the mechanical drive part of a wind power generator.
- This system includes an input device, a processing device, a storage device, and an output device.
- the storage device stores additive concentration data that stores the concentration of additives in the lubricating oil in chronological order
- the processing device measures the chromaticity of the lubricating oil, which can quantify the additive concentration in the lubricating oil. Based on the optical sensor data, the time at which the additive concentration in the lubricating oil, determined from the chromaticity characteristics of the lubricating oil, reaches a predetermined threshold value is estimated.
- this embodiment is a method for monitoring lubricant oil in a wind power generator using an optical lubricant sensor, which uses a server equipped with a processing device, a storage device, an input device, and an output device.
- This method consists of a first step of acquiring chromaticity data of a lubricating oil for a wind power generator, a second step of measuring the concentration of additives contained in the sample, and a time-saving storage of the measured additive concentration in a storage device.
- a third step is to store the additive concentration data in series, and a fourth step is to estimate the time at which the additive concentration reaches a predetermined threshold value by processing the additive concentration data.
- FIG. 14 shows a schematic diagram of a lubricating oil monitoring system for a wind power generator having a lubricating oil supply system.
- a main shaft 31 Inside the nacelle 3 of the wind power generator 1, there are a main shaft 31, a speed increaser 33, a generator 34, and bearings (not shown) such as yaw and pitch bearings, and these are supplied with lubricating oil from an oil tank 37.
- a plurality of wind power generators 1 are usually installed on the same site, and these are collectively called a farm 200a or the like.
- various sensors (not shown) are installed in the lubricating oil supply system, and sensor signals reflecting the state of the lubricating oil are collected in a server 210 in the nacelle 3.
- sensor signals obtained from the server 210 of each wind power generator 1 are sent to an aggregation server 220 arranged for each farm.
- Data from aggregation server 220 is sent to central server 240 via network 230.
- Data from other farms 200b and 200c is also sent to the central server 240.
- the central server 240 can send instructions to each wind power generator 1 via the aggregation server 220 and the server 210. In this way, the system of the embodiment enables remote monitoring of oil.
- FIG. 15 is a conceptual diagram of a rotating component equipped with a lubricating oil sensor.
- Lubricating oil is supplied to rotating components 302 from a lubricating oil supply device 301 such as a pump.
- the lubricating oil supply device 301 is connected to the oil tank 37 to receive lubricating oil.
- the rotating component 302 is, for example, a speed increaser 33 or other general portion where mechanical contact occurs, and is not particularly limited.
- the optical sensor 304 is placed in a lubricant flow path or the like to detect the state of the lubricant.
- a measuring section 303 is provided in a flow path (near the end of the lubricating oil path) that branches from a lubricating oil flow path connected to a lubricating oil drain port of a rotating component 302. Introducing some of the An optical sensor 304 is installed in the measuring section 303. The reason why the measuring section 303 is not provided in the main flow path of the lubricating oil is to adjust the flow velocity of the lubricating oil in the measuring section 303 to a flow velocity suitable for detecting the state of the lubricating oil.
- the lubricating oil discharged from the rotating component 302 returns to the oil tank 37 via the filter 305.
- the filter 305 is not essential.
- Optical sensor 304 measures the color coordinates of the lubricating oil. The condition of the lubricating oil can be evaluated based on temporal changes in the color coordinates of the lubricating oil.
- the optical sensor 304 includes an optical sensor equipped with a visible light source and a light receiving element.
- the chromaticity information (R, G, B values) of the lubricating oil is acquired using an optical sensor.
- the optical sensor 304 acquires chromaticity data by transmitting visible light from a visible light source into oil and detecting the visible light transmitted through the oil with a light receiving element having sensitivity to each of R, G, and B.
- the acquired chromaticity data reflects the oil's absorption rate or transmittance for light of each wavelength.
- the ratio of the two wavelengths is determined from the acquired chromaticity data, and the amount of residual additive in the lubricating oil is determined using a calibration curve previously determined from the correlation between the ratio of the two wavelengths and the amount of residual additive. Perform lifespan diagnosis.
- the quality of lubricating oil deteriorates with use, and it no longer performs its original function. Therefore, it is necessary to perform maintenance such as replacement depending on the state of quality deterioration.
- Data collected by the optical sensor 304 is collected, for example, in a server 210 in the nacelle 3, and then sent to a central server 240 that aggregates data from multiple farms via an aggregation server 220 that aggregates data within the farm 200.
- the data to be aggregated may include not only data related to lubricating oil but also data indicating the operating status of the wind power generator.
- the wind turbine output value (the higher the rate, the faster the lubricating oil deteriorates), the actual operating time (the longer the faster the rate of lubricant oil deterioration), the machine temperature (the higher the rate, the faster the lubricant deteriorates), the shaft rotation speed (the faster the rate, the faster the lubricant deteriorates), lubricating oil deteriorates rapidly), etc.
- the wind turbine output value the higher the rate, the faster the lubricating oil deteriorates
- the actual operating time the longer the faster the rate of lubricant oil deterioration
- the machine temperature the higher the rate, the faster the lubricant deteriorates
- the shaft rotation speed (the faster the rate, the faster the lubricant deteriorates), lubricating oil deteriorates rapidly), etc.
- FIG. 16 is a flow diagram showing the lubricating oil diagnosis process according to this embodiment.
- the processing shown in FIG. 16 is performed under the control of one of the server 210, aggregation server 220, and central server 240 in FIG.
- the central server 240 performs the processing.
- Functions such as calculation and control are realized by software stored in the server's storage device being executed by a processor, and by cooperating with other hardware to perform predetermined processing. Note that functions equivalent to those configured using software can also be achieved using hardware such as FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) and ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit).
- FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
- ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
- the central server 240 When the central server 240 performs control, it has multiple wind power generators 1 under its control, so the following processing is performed for each wind power generator. This process is basically a repetitive process, and the start timing is set by a timer or the like, and for example, the process starts at 0:00 every day (S601). Further, the central server 240 can also perform the process at any timing according to instructions from the operator.
- the central server 240 checks the time to replace the lubricating oil.
- the initial value of the replacement period can be calculated based on physical properties using the Arrhenius reaction rate, assuming that the lubricating oil is operating at the design temperature, and the remaining life can be initially set.
- This replacement time can be updated later in step S610 based on actual measurement data.
- the central server 240 performs diagnosis based on sensor data.
- sensor data in addition to the chromaticity information of the lubricating oil obtained by an optical sensor, temperature, oil pressure, concentration of particles contained in the lubricating oil, etc. can be used.
- the data collected by the optical sensor 304 is sent to a central server 240, which evaluates the properties of the lubricating oil, for example by comparing the parameters obtained from the sensor with predetermined threshold values.
- step S605 If the diagnosis result is abnormal in steps S605 and S606, the lubricating oil is replaced in step S603. If there is no abnormality, processing S609 is performed. In step S605, for example, if the B/R value based on the R, G, and B values of the optical sensor changes from decreasing to increasing, it is determined that there is a contamination abnormality.
- chromaticity measurement data and the like are input to the central server 240, and the data is saved in chronological order.
- FIG. 17 is a graph diagram illustrating the concept of the acquisition results of lubricating oil chromaticity data (B/R value) stored in time series.
- the horizontal axis represents time (months), and the vertical axis represents B/R.
- time months
- B/R chromaticity data up to 60 months are plotted.
- a significant relationship is recognized between elapsed time and B/R, for example, B/R decreases linearly with time.
- the B/R value may be calculated by storing the (R, G, B) values as data, or the calculated B/R value may be converted into data.
- the concentration of additives such as extreme pressure agents in lubricating oil can be determined using the correlation between B/R and additive concentration as shown in Figure 6. You can ask for it. Therefore, the consumption rate of the additive can be calculated from the chromaticity measurement results stored in chronological order. Let's assume that the performance of the lubricating oil falls below the allowable range when the additive concentration becomes about half that of a new product. Such a threshold value can be determined experimentally.
- step S610 the threshold value of the additive concentration is set to 0.5, and the time for replacement is set at the time when the concentration estimated from the chronologically saved additive concentration measurement results becomes 0.5.
- the estimation method various known methods may be employed. If actual measured values are available, a known method for extrapolating data can be used on the premise that the concentration decreases monotonically. Furthermore, when the concentration changes in a more complicated manner, a known method such as function fitting (curve fitting) can be used.
- time-series chromaticity data that is, B/R, measured by an optical sensor is stored, and the degree of deterioration of the lubricating oil is estimated based on it.
- the replacement timing estimation result in process S610 can be displayed as the lubricant diagnosis result (process S611).
- FIG. 18 shows an example of displaying the results of processing S610.
- FIG. 18 shows the case where the additive is the extreme pressure agent TPPT (triphenylphosphorothionate). It was estimated that B/R would reach the threshold value of 0.5 after about 50 months. After 50 months, the TPPT concentration will reach 50, so the new replacement time can be set before that time (for example, half a month ago).
- TPPT extreme pressure agent
- the chromaticity data measured by the optical sensor can be converted into colors and displayed on the lubricant diagnosis result display screen.
- the worker can visually recognize the deterioration state of the lubricating oil. This helps workers, for example, to roughly understand the state of deterioration of the lubricating oil when visually inspecting the state of the lubricating oil on-site.
- the service life of lubricating oil can be detected early without being affected by performance fluctuations of optical sensors. Therefore, abnormalities in wind power generators can be prevented by proper maintenance such as changing lubricating oil. It is also possible to optimize the lubricating oil replacement cycle.
- the additive concentration can be measured using a simple method, and if an optical sensor is installed inside the nacelle, online remote monitoring of the deterioration of the additive in the lubricating oil is also possible.
- Oxidative deterioration diagnosis of gas turbine oil was performed using an optical sensor that can measure continuous spectra in the visible range (400 nm to 800 nm). The wavelength resolution at this time was 10 nm, and the transmittance (%) of the gas turbine oil was measured every 10 nm from 400 nm. A white LED was used as the light source, and the measurement optical path length was 10 mm.
- T ⁇ is the light transmittance (%) at the wavelength ⁇ . From the measurement results, the values of the ratios of the two wavelengths, T430 / T450 , T430 / T550 , and T430 / T700 , were determined.
- FIG. 19 is a table of transmittance measurement results and the ratio of two wavelengths.
- FIG. 20 is a graph showing changes over time in the ratio of two wavelengths.
- FIG. 21 is a graph showing the correlation between the ratio of two wavelengths and the degree of contamination determined by the mass method.
- R and B of an RGB color sensor constructed from an easily available Si photodiode array are separated by about 160 nm, so the signal ratio can be adjusted without adding any hardware. It is possible to reduce the effects of fluctuations in the output of light sources and sensors and monitor oil characteristics simply by taking the following values.
- viscosity, total acid value, etc. can be monitored using an optical sensor by creating a calibration curve based on the correlation with the transmittance ratio at any two wavelengths.
- diagnosis can be made in the same way using transmittance, absorbance, analog output values (voltage values, current values) of the optical sensor detector, etc.
- efficient oil maintenance management becomes possible, which reduces energy consumption, reduces carbon emissions, prevents global warming, and contributes to the realization of a sustainable society. .
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Abstract
Description
図1は,ギヤ油の使用に伴う色変化を示した図である。横軸に示す波長に対するオイルの吸光度を縦軸に示す。Aは新油,Bは2か月使用,Cは6か月使用,Dは1年使用したオイルの可視吸光度である。
図3は,図1と同じく波長と吸光度の関係を示し,1年使用したギヤ油Dに,水混入による汚染が起こった例(E)である。Dは赤褐色で透明であったが,Eは,1wt%の水汚染により,濁った褐色であり,可視域の全波長における吸光度上昇,すなわち,透過率低下が起こった。
吸光度=log(Ii/I0)
透過率(%)=(I0/Ii)×100
ここで,Iiは入射光強度,I0は透過光強度である。明らかなように,吸光度と透過率は相互に変換可能である。
RGBセンサによる検出以外に,可視域の10~20波長を同時に計測可能なマルチスペクトルカメラや,波長分解能が優れた分光光度計によって計測する場合,任意の2波長を選択し,それぞれの波長の透過率または吸光度の比を用いて診断を行うことができる。この時,選択する2波長は,一方は400~500nmから選択し,もう一方は,600~700nmから選択すると,オイルの劣化による色変化を高精度に診断できる。
RGB値の中から選ばれた,2値の比を指標として,オイル劣化の経時変化を計測した場合に,途中で水の混入や,多量の摩耗粒子発生が起こると,例えば,(B/R)は,劣化進行時には比率が減少し続けるが,汚染発生が起こると,波長に依存せず光透過率が下がるため,(B/R)は1に近づく。このようにして,汚染を検出した例が,図4である。このように,比率を用いた診断は,オイルの汚染の診断にも効果がある。
図4は,酸化防止剤と極圧剤を含む風車増速機のギヤ油の劣化について,粘度の変化,全酸価の変化,酸化防止剤と極圧剤の濃度変化,光学式センサで計測したΔEの変化および(B/R)の変化の様子を示したものである。
図5は,ギヤ油の使用に伴う色の変化について,RGB色座標として計測可能な光学式センサで1か月ごとに測定した結果を示したものである。このデータを取得した際には,光学式センサの光源強度低下と,感度低下は起こっていないことを計測終了後に確認した。
ΔE=(R2 + G2 + B2)^(1/2)
以下の図6~図8の検量線の測定では,光学式センサの光源強度低下と感度低下は無視してよい。
図9は,陸上風車の増速機のギヤ油を1か月ごとに光学式センサで測定した結果である。9か月目と10か月目の間に,水が2重量%混入し,ギヤ油が白濁していた。B/Rの値は9か月まで減少し続けた後,10か月目には1となったため,ギヤ油を100ml採取し,分析したところ,水の混入が確認された。
図10は,陸上風車の増速機のギヤ油を光学式センサで連続測定した結果である。1.4年経過後に,B/R値が減少から増加に変化した。2年経過時に,ギヤ油を100ml採取し,分析したところ,摩耗粉の混入が確認された。摩耗粉,砂などによる汚染は長期にわたって徐々に進行することがあるが,実施例の方法で検出することができた。
図11は,風車の増速機のギヤ油の使用に伴う色の変化について,RGB色座標として計測可能な光学式センサで1か月ごとに測定した結果を示したものである。測定したサンプルは,図5のサンプルと同じものであった。色座標は,新油の色(R,G,B)を,(255,255,255)と設定した。
図14に潤滑油供給系統を有する風力発電機の潤滑油の監視システムの概略図を示す。風力発電機1のナセル3内部には,主軸31,増速機33,発電機34,図示しないヨー,ピッチなどの軸受があり,これらにはオイルタンク37から潤滑油が供給される。また,ハブ4,ナセル隔壁30,シュリンクディスク32,メインフレーム35,ラジエター36,カップリング38等,風力発電機の一般的な構成も備える。
図15は,潤滑油用センサを備えた回転部品の概念図である。潤滑油は,ポンプなどの潤滑油供給デバイス301から回転部品302に供給される。潤滑油供給デバイス301は,オイルタンク37に接続されて潤滑油の供給を受ける。回転部品302は,例えば増速機33その他の機械的な接触が生じる部位一般であり,特に限定するものではない。
図16は,本実施例による潤滑油診断処理を示すフロー図である。図16で示す処理は,図14のサーバ210,集約サーバ220,中央サーバ240のいずれかのコントロール下で行われる。以下の例では中央サーバ240が行うものとする。計算や制御等の機能は,サーバの記憶装置に格納されたソフトウェアがプロセッサによって実行されることで,定められた処理を他のハードウェアと協働して実現される。なお,ソフトウェアで構成した機能と同等の機能は,FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array),ASIC(Application Specific Integrated Circuit)などのハードウェアでも実現できる。
ができる。これにより,例えば,作業員が現地で潤滑油の状態を目視した際に潤滑油の劣
化状態を大まかに把握することの一助となる。
テムについて述べたが,回転部品内の潤滑油を点検時などの採取し,回転部品外で光学式
センサによる測定を行い,同様の診断を行なうこともできる。
図20は,2波長の比率の経時変化を示すグラフである。
図21は,2波長の比率と質量法によって求めた汚染度の相関を示すグラフである。
Claims (15)
- 波長400nmから800nmの範囲の光に吸収を示す,添加剤を含むオイルの診断方法であって,光透過率が異なる2つの異なる波長における透過率比により,オイルの状態を判定する,オイルの診断方法。
- 前記2つの異なる波長は,50nm以上離れた2波長である,
請求項1に記載のオイルの診断方法。 - 前記2つの異なる波長は,120nm以上離れた2波長である,
請求項2に記載のオイルの診断方法。 - 前記2つの異なる波長は,270nm以上離れた2波長である,
請求項3に記載のオイルの診断方法。 - RGB3波長の透過率を求め,
RGBの中から選ばれた2波長における透過率比により,オイルの状態を判定する,
請求項1に記載のオイルの診断方法。 - 前記2波長として,波長Rと波長Bを選択する,
請求項5に記載のオイルの診断方法。 - 前記透過率比と,前記オイルの粘度,全酸化,添加剤濃度,汚染度の少なくとも一つの相関から得られた検量線を用いてオイルの状態を判定する,
請求項1に記載のオイルの診断方法。 - 前記透過率比を時系列データとして監視することにより,オイルの状態を判定する,
請求項1に記載のオイルの診断方法。 - 前記時系列データにおいて,前記透過率比の増加と減少の傾向に反転が見られた場合,オイルに異物の混入があると判定する,
請求項8に記載のオイルの診断方法。 - 光源と,少なくとも2つの異なる波長に感度を持つ受光素子とを備え,
前記光源からの可視光をオイル中に透過させ,オイルを透過した可視光を前記受光素子で検出して,2つの異なる波長に対応した色度情報を得,
2つの色度情報の比に基づいて,オイルの状態を診断する,
オイルの診断システム。 - 前記2つの異なる波長は,50nm以上離れた2波長である,
請求項10に記載のオイルの診断システム。 - 前記2つの異なる波長は,120nm以上離れた2波長である,
請求項11に記載のオイルの診断システム。 - 前記2つの異なる波長は,270nm以上離れた2波長である,
請求項12に記載のオイルの診断システム。 - 時系列的に取得した前記2つの色度情報の比に基づいて,オイルの状態を診断する,
請求項10に記載のオイルの診断システム。 - 前記光源が可視光源であり,前記受光素子がR,G,Bの色度情報を得るR,G,Bカラーセンサであり,RとBの色度情報の比に基づいて,オイルの状態を診断する,
請求項10に記載のオイルの診断システム。
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| US18/874,027 US20250354921A1 (en) | 2022-07-07 | 2023-05-12 | Oil diagnosis method and oil diagnosis system |
| DE112023001143.5T DE112023001143T5 (de) | 2022-07-07 | 2023-05-12 | Öldiagnoseverfahren und öldiagnosesystem |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5194910A (en) * | 1990-07-31 | 1993-03-16 | Gas Research Institute | Use of optical spectrometry to evaluate the condition of used motor oil |
| US20080024761A1 (en) * | 2006-07-27 | 2008-01-31 | Hosung Kong | Method and apparatus for monitoring oil deterioration in real time |
| JP2019078718A (ja) * | 2017-10-27 | 2019-05-23 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 潤滑油の劣化診断方法、回転機械の潤滑油の監視システムおよび方法 |
| JP2021025996A (ja) * | 2019-08-01 | 2021-02-22 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 液体劣化判定装置及び油圧ユニット |
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| KR100928947B1 (ko) * | 2008-02-21 | 2009-11-30 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 통합형 인라인 오일 모니터링 장치 |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5194910A (en) * | 1990-07-31 | 1993-03-16 | Gas Research Institute | Use of optical spectrometry to evaluate the condition of used motor oil |
| US20080024761A1 (en) * | 2006-07-27 | 2008-01-31 | Hosung Kong | Method and apparatus for monitoring oil deterioration in real time |
| JP2019078718A (ja) * | 2017-10-27 | 2019-05-23 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 潤滑油の劣化診断方法、回転機械の潤滑油の監視システムおよび方法 |
| JP2021025996A (ja) * | 2019-08-01 | 2021-02-22 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 液体劣化判定装置及び油圧ユニット |
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