WO2024003222A1 - Saccharide fucosylé destiné à être utilisé dans la prévention ou le traitement d'une maladie bactérienne - Google Patents

Saccharide fucosylé destiné à être utilisé dans la prévention ou le traitement d'une maladie bactérienne Download PDF

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WO2024003222A1
WO2024003222A1 PCT/EP2023/067783 EP2023067783W WO2024003222A1 WO 2024003222 A1 WO2024003222 A1 WO 2024003222A1 EP 2023067783 W EP2023067783 W EP 2023067783W WO 2024003222 A1 WO2024003222 A1 WO 2024003222A1
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saccharide
streptococcus
subject
use according
animal
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PCT/EP2023/067783
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English (en)
Inventor
Joeri Beauprez
Wesley CARPENTIER
Ut VAN NGUYEN
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Inbiose N.V.
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Publication of WO2024003222A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024003222A1/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/60—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for weanlings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/125—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives containing carbohydrate syrups; containing sugars; containing sugar alcohols; containing starch hydrolysates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/702—Oligosaccharides, i.e. having three to five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/20—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for horses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/40—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for carnivorous animals, e.g. cats or dogs

Definitions

  • Fucosylated saccharide for use in the prevention or treatment of bacterial disease
  • the present invention relates to a fucosylated saccharide for use in a method for preventing and/or treating a bacterial infection in a subject. More specifically, the present invention relates to a fucosylated saccharide for use in a method for preventing and/or treating streptococcosis.
  • Streptococcosis Bacteria are responsible for a replete amount of diseases among humans and animals, in particular in young or immunocompromised subjects.
  • One of the most common bacterial disease found worldwide is streptococcosis. It is a bacterial disease which is caused by Streptococcus. Members of the genus Streptococcus cause mild to severe bacterial illnesses in humans and animals. Streptococcus is a grampositive bacterium and typically colonizes one or more species as commensals and can cause opportunistic infections in those hosts. Streptococcus strains are not completely host-specific. Streptococcus suis for example is normally found in pigs, but has emerged as a significant agent of human illnesses.
  • Streptococcus agalactiae which is a fish-associated strain that can affect humans as well ("Zoonotic Streptococcosis", updated September 2020 and accessible on https://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/ streptococcosis.pdf).
  • Many streptococcal species are multi-host pathogens. Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus iniae and Streptococcus dysgalactiae do not only infect fish, but are also well-known human pathogens and hence impose a major threat to public health. Streptococcus agalactiae for example can cause meningitis and pneumonia in humans, while Streptococcus iniae can cause meningitis, endocarditis and septic arthritis.
  • Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing businesses in the food industry, but is confronted with significant economic losses due to streptococcal infections.
  • Fish are an important food source, but have always been at risk of acquiring Streptococcus infections due to the continuous exposure and ubiquitous global presence of various Streptococcus strains.
  • the most prominent ones in fish include Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus iniae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Sreptococcus phocae and Streptococcus parauberis (Mishra et al, 2017; Morales-Covarrubias et al, 2018), while shrimp are found to be infected with Streptococcus penaeicida (Morales-Covarrubias et al, 2018).
  • Antimicrobial compounds, vaccinations and environmental strategies are currently applied to control Streptococcus infections, but appear to be ineffective for various reasons (Mishra et al, 2017).
  • Liquid disinfecting agents are a valuable option as Streptococcus initially affects skin, fins, gills and external organs. However, these agents are hazardous for the environment.
  • Antibiotics such as erythromycin, penicillin and tetracycline can be efficient, however, the main disadvantage of their use lies in the well- known phenomenon of antibiotic resistance which forms a major concern associated with human health.
  • Vaccinations strategies are currently unsuccessful due to the poorly studied immunity in fish.
  • a fucosylated saccharide according to the invention proves to be an efficacious agent to prevent and/or treat a bacterial infection, in particular streptococcosis.
  • Said fucosylated saccharide is not associated with adverse effects and is safe to use in humans and animals.
  • the invention provides a saccharide comprising a fucose (i.e. fucosylated saccharide) for use in a method for preventing and/or treating a bacterial infection in a subject.
  • a fucose i.e. fucosylated saccharide
  • the invention provides a composition comprising a fucosylated saccharide for use in a method for preventing and/or treating a bacterial infection in a subject.
  • the invention provides a method for preventing and/or treating a bacterial infection in a subject, wherein a fucosylated saccharide or a composition comprising a fucosylated saccharide is administered to a subject.
  • the invention provides the use of a fucosylated saccharide or composition comprising a fucosylated saccharide for the manufacture of a medicament for preventing and/or treating a bacterial infection in a subject.
  • the invention provides a saccharide comprising a fucose for use in a method for preventing and/or treating a bacterial infection in a subject.
  • the term "preventing" a bacterial infection or a disease such as streptococcosis as described herein preferably means avoiding that said bacterial infection or disease occurs and/or decreasing the incidence of said infection or disease. In other words, “preventing” preferably refers to ameliorating the risk of suffering from said bacterial infection or said disease.
  • prevention and “prophylaxis” are interchangeably used in the context of the present invention.
  • treating a bacterial infection or a disease such as streptococcosis as described herein, preferably means inhibiting said infection or disease, e.g.
  • treating preferably refers to decreasing the duration (number of days/weeks/months/years) the subject will suffer from said infection or disease), the risks, the complications and/or the severity of said infection or disease; this also encompasses the relief of the symptoms caused by said infection or disease.
  • said saccharide comprises a fucose.
  • said saccharide comprises only one fucose, i.e. said saccharide comprises one or more monosaccharides and only one of said monosaccharides is a fucose.
  • saccharide refers to a molecule comprising at least one monosaccharide, i.e. a saccharide is a molecule consisting of one or more monosaccharide residue(s).
  • monosaccharide refers to a sugar that is not decomposable into simpler sugars by hydrolysis, is classed either an aldose or ketose, and contains one or more hydroxyl groups per molecule. Monosaccharides are saccharides containing only one simple sugar.
  • said saccharide is a neutral saccharide.
  • a "neutral" saccharide as used herein and as generally understood in the state of the art is a saccharide that has no negative charge originating from a carboxylic acid group.
  • said fucose of a saccharide according to the invention is linked to a monosaccharide in an alpha-1,2-, alpha-1,3- or alpha-1, 4-linkage, preferably an alpha-1,2- or an alpha-1, 3-linkage, more preferably an alpha-1, 3-linkage, and wherein said monosaccharide is preferably selected from glucose, N-acetylglucosamine and galactose, more preferably said monosaccharide is glucose or N-acetylglucosamine, even more preferably said monosaccharide is glucose.
  • fucose is linked to a monosaccharide refers to the situation wherein the fucose is bound to a monosaccharide through a glycosidic bond and wherein said fucose and monosaccharide are part of the saccharide of the invention (which can comprise additional monosaccharide(s) than said fucose and said monosaccharide unless said saccharide is a disaccharide).
  • said saccharide is a disaccharide or an oligosaccharide. In a more preferred embodiment, said saccharide is an oligosaccharide.
  • the term "oligosaccharide” preferably refers to a saccharide containing 2 up to and including 20 monosaccharides, i.e. the degree of polymerization (DP) is 2-20.
  • An oligosaccharide can be a linear structure or can include branches.
  • the linkage e.g. glycosidic linkage, galactosidic linkage, glucosidic linkage, etc.
  • the linkage e.g. glycosidic linkage, galactosidic linkage, glucosidic linkage, etc.
  • Each monosaccharide can be in the cyclic form (e.g. pyranose or furanose form).
  • An oligosaccharide can contain both alpha- and beta-glycosidic bonds or can contain only beta-glycosidic bonds.
  • said oligosaccharide consists of 3-9, preferably 3-8, more preferably 3-7, even more preferably 3-6, even more preferably 3-5, most preferably 3 or 4, monosaccharides.
  • said saccharide according to the invention is a mammalian milk oligosaccharide (MMO), preferably a human milk oligosaccharide (HMO).
  • MMOs mammalian milk oligosaccharides
  • HMOs human milk oligosaccharide
  • Mammalian milk oligosaccharides (MMOs) comprise oligosaccharides present in milk found in any phase during lactation including colostrum milk from humans (i.e.
  • human milk oligosaccharides or HMOs human milk oligosaccharides or HMOs
  • mammals including but not limited to cows (Bos Taurus), sheep (Ovis aries), goats (Capra aegagrus hircus), bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus), horses (Eguus ferus caballus), pigs (Sus scropha), dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), ezo brown bears (Ursus arctos yesoensis), polar bear (Ursus maritimus), Japanese black bears (Ursus thibetanus japonicus), striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis), hooded seals (Cystophora cristata), Asian elephants (Elephas maximus), African elephant (Loxodonta africana), giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), common bottlenose dolphins (
  • Human milk oligosaccharides are also known as human identical milk oligosaccharides which are chemically identical to the human milk oligosaccharides found in human breast milk but which are biotechnologically-produced (e.g. using cell free systems or cells and organisms comprising a bacterium, a fungus, a yeast, a plant, animal, or protozoan cell, preferably genetically engineered cells and organisms).
  • Human identical milk oligosaccharides are marketed under the name HiMO.
  • said saccharide according to the invention comprises a lactose, a lacto-N-biose (LNB) or N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) at its reducing end, preferably said saccharide according to the invention comprises lactose or LacNAc at is reducing end, more preferably said saccharide according to the invention comprises lactose at its reducing end.
  • LNB lacto-N-biose
  • LacNAc N-acetyllactosamine
  • said saccharide according to the invention is selected from a list consisting of 2'-fucosyllactose (2'FL), 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL), difucosyllactose (diFL), 2'-fucosyl-N-acetyllactosamine (2'FlacNAc), difucosyl-N-acetyllactosamine (diFLacNAc), 3-fucosyl-N- acetyllactosamine (3FlacNAc), 2'-fucosyllacto-N-biose (2'FLNB), 4-fucosyllacto-N-biose (4FLNB), difucosyllacto-N-biose (diFLNB), lacto-N-fucopentaose I (LNFP I), blood group A antigen hexaose type 1 (GalNAc-LNFP I), blood group B antigen hexa
  • Said saccharides are commercially available and/or the production/purification of any of said saccharides has been described and allows the skilled person to produce/obtain any of said saccharides accordingly.
  • An exemplary reference is provided for each saccharide and each reference is incorporated by reference:
  • said saccharide according to the invention is selected from a list consisting of 3-FL, diFL, LNFP III, LNFP V, LNDFH II, lewis b-lewis x, MFLNH III, DFLNH (a), DFLNH, TFLNH, LNnFP V, LNnDFH, 3FlacNAc and diFLacNAc, preferably selected from a list consisting of 3-FL, diFL, LNFP V, LNDFH II, lewis b-lewis x, LNnFP V, LNnDFH, 3FlacNAc and diFLacNAc, more preferably selected from a list consisting of 3-FL, diFL, LNDFH II, lewis b-lewis x, LNnFP V, LNnDFH, 3FlacNAc and diFLacNAc, even more preferably selected from a list consisting of
  • said saccharide according to the invention is selected from a list consisting of 3-FL, 3FlacNAc, LNFP-III, MFLNH III, DFLNH (a), DFLNH and TFLNH, preferably selected from a list consisting of LNFP-III, MFLNH III, DFLNH (a), DFLNH and TFLNH, more preferably wherein said oligosaccharide is LNFP-III.
  • said saccharide according to the invention is not LNFP V. In an additional and/or alternative preferred embodiment, said saccharide according to the invention is not LNFP I. In an additional and/or alternative preferred embodiment, said saccharide according to the invention is not LNDFH II. In an additional and/or alternative preferred embodiment, said saccharide according to the invention is not LNnDFH. In an additional and/or alternative preferred embodiment, said saccharide according to the invention is not LNnFP V.
  • said saccharide of the invention has been isolated from a microbial cultivation or fermentation, cell culture, enzymatic reaction or chemical reaction.
  • said saccharide of the invention has been isolated by e.g. chromatography or filtration technology from a natural source such as a human or animal milk, preferably animal milk.
  • chromatography or filtration technology from a natural source such as a human or animal milk, preferably animal milk.
  • Lu et al, 2021 provides a review on methods used for the production of 3-fucsyllactose, an exemplary saccharide according to the invention, and which is incorporated in its entirety herein.
  • said saccharide of the invention has been produced, preferably in vitro and/or ex vivo, by a cell, preferably a single cell, wherein said cell is preferably chosen from the list consisting of a microorganism, a plant cell, an animal cell or a protozoan cell.
  • said saccharide of the invention has been produced by an in vitro and/or ex vivo culture of cells, wherein said cells are preferably chosen from the list consisting of a microorganism, a plant cell, an animal cell or a protozoan cell.
  • said cell is a microorganism.
  • said microorganism is selected from a list consisting of a bacterium, a yeast or a fungus.
  • said cell is genetically engineered for the production of said saccharide according to the invention.
  • the latter bacterium preferably belongs to the phylum of the Proteobacteria or the phylum of the Firmicutes or the phylum of the Cyanobacteria or the phylum Deinococcus-Thermus, preferably belongs to the phylum of the Proteobacteria.
  • the latter bacterium belonging to the phylum Proteobacteria belongs preferably to the family Enterobacteriaceae, preferably to the species Escherichia coli.
  • the latter bacterium preferably relates to any strain belonging to the species Escherichia coli such as but not limited to Escherichia coli B, Escherichia coli C, Escherichia coli W, Escherichia coli K12, Escherichia coli Nissle. More specifically, the latter term relates to cultivated Escherichia coli strains - designated as E. coli K12 strains - which are well-adapted to the laboratory environment, and, unlike wild type strains, have lost their ability to thrive in the intestine. Well-known examples of the E.
  • coli K12 strains are K12 Wild type, W3110, MG1655, M182, MC1000, MC1060, MC1061, MC4100, JM101, NZN111 and AA200.
  • the present invention specifically relates to a mutated and/or transformed Escherichia coli strain as indicated above wherein said E. coli strain is a K12 strain. More specifically, the present invention relates to a mutated and/or transformed Escherichia coli strain as indicated above wherein said K12 strain is E. coli MG1655.
  • the latter bacterium belonging to the phylum Firmicutes belongs preferably to the Bacilli, preferably from the species Bacillus, such as Bacillus subtilis or, B.
  • amyloliquefaciens Bacterium belonging to the phylum Actinobacteria, preferably belonging to the family of the Corynebacteriaceae, with members Corynebacterium glutamicum or C. afermentans, or belonging to the family of the Streptomycetaceae with members Streptomyces griseus or S. fradiae.
  • the latter yeast preferably belongs to the phylum of the Ascomycota or the phylum of the Basidiomycota or the phylum of the Deuteromycota or the phylum of the Zygomycetes.
  • the latter yeast belongs preferably to the genus Saccharomyces (with members like e.g.
  • Pichia with members like e.g. Pichia pastoris, P. anomala, P. kluyveri
  • Komagataella Hansunella
  • Kluyveromyces with members like e.g. Kluyveromyces lactis, K. marxianus, K. thermotolerans
  • the latter yeast is preferably selected from Pichia pastoris, Yarrowia lipolitica, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces lactis.
  • the latter fungus belongs preferably to the genus Rhizopus, Dictyostelium, Penicillium, Mucor or Aspergillus.
  • Plant cells includes cells of flowering and nonflowering plants, as well as algal cells, for example Chlamydomonas, Chlorella, etc.
  • said plant cell is a tobacco, alfalfa, rice, cotton, rapeseed, tomato, corn, maize or soybean cell.
  • the latter animal cell is preferably derived from non-human mammals (e.g.
  • cattle, buffalo, pig, sheep, mouse, rat birds (e.g. chicken, duck, ostrich, turkey, pheasant), fish (e.g. swordfish, salmon, tuna, sea bass, trout, catfish), invertebrates (e.g. lobster, crab, shrimp, clams, oyster, mussel, sea urchin), reptiles (e.g. snake, alligator, turtle), amphibians (e.g. frogs) or insects (e.g. fly, nematode) or is a genetically modified cell line derived from human cells excluding embryonic stem cells. Both human and non-human mammalian cells are preferably chosen from the list comprising an epithelial cell like e.g.
  • a mammary epithelial cell a mammary epithelial cell, mammary myoepithelial cell, mammary progenitor cell, an embryonic kidney cell (e.g. HEK293 or HEK 293T cell), a fibroblast cell, a COS cell, a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell, a murine myeloma cell like e.g. an 1X120, SP2/0 or YB2/0 cell, an NIH-3T3 cell, a non-mammary adult stem cell or derivatives thereof such as described in WO21067641, preferably mesenchymal stem cell or derivates thereof as described in WO21067641.
  • an embryonic kidney cell e.g. HEK293 or HEK 293T cell
  • a fibroblast cell a COS cell
  • a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell a murine myeloma cell like e.g. an 1
  • Said insect cell is preferably derived from Spodoptera frugiperda like e.g. Sf9 or Sf21 cells, Bombyx mori, Mamestra brassicae, Trichoplusia ni like e.g. BTI-TN-5B1-4 cells or Drosophila melanogaster like e.g. Drosophila S2 cells.
  • the latter protozoan cell preferably is a Leishmania tarentolae cell.
  • said saccharide of the invention has been produced, preferably in vitro and/or ex vivo, by a mammary epithelial cell, mammary myoepithelial cell and/or mammary progenitor cell, preferably wherein said cell is generated from non-mammary adult stem cells, more preferably wherein said cell is generated from mesenchymal stem cells.
  • WO2021/067641 and WO2021/242866 mimmary epithelial cells derived from non-mammary adult stem cells, preferably from mesenchymal stem cells
  • WO2021/142241 mimmary epithelial cells, mammary myoepithelial cells, mammary progenitor cells.
  • said saccharide of the invention has been produced, preferably in vitro and/or ex vivo, by a microorganism cell, preferably said microorganism is a bacterium, a yeast or a fungus, more preferably said microorganism is a bacterium or a yeast, even more preferably said microorganism is a bacterium, most preferably said microorganism is Escherichia coli.
  • two or more different cells produce the saccharide according to the invention. It is however preferred that a single cell produces said saccharide, i.e. a single culture of said cell produces the saccharide of the invention.
  • said saccharide according to the invention is typically isolated from a microbial cultivation or fermentation, cell culture, enzymatic reaction or chemical reaction as described herein, resulting in a solution containing said saccharide.
  • a solution can for example be obtained by a method comprising the steps of:
  • clarifying the cultivation broth refers to the removal of suspended particulates and contaminants, particularly cells, cell components, insoluble metabolites and debris produced by culturing the cell according to the invention. Clarification is preferably one or more of centrifugation, flocculation, decantation and/or filtration.
  • removing salts and/or medium components form said clarified cultivation broth refers to removing substantially all the proteins, as well as peptides, amino acids, RNA and DNA and any endotoxins and glycolipids from said clarified cultivation broth, preferably after it has been.
  • proteins and related impurities can be removed from said saccharide in a conventional manner.
  • proteins, salts, by-products, color, endotoxins and other related impurities are removed from said saccharide by ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, two-phase partitioning, reverse osmosis, microfiltration, activated charcoal or carbon treatment, treatment with non-ionic surfactants, enzymatic digestion, tangential flow high-performance filtration, tangential flow ultrafiltration, electrophoresis (e.g. using slabpolyacrylamide or sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE)), affinity chromatography (using affinity ligands including e.g.
  • ion exchange chromatography such as but not limited to cation exchange, anion exchange, mixed bed ion exchange, inside-out ligand attachment
  • hydrophobic interaction chromatography and/or gel filtration i.e., size exclusion chromatography
  • chromatography i.e., size exclusion chromatography
  • proteins and related impurities are retained by a chromatography medium or a selected membrane, said saccharide remains in the said saccharide
  • Further purification of said saccharide may be accomplished, for example, by use of (activated) charcoal or carbon, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, electrophoresis, enzymatic treatment or ion exchange to remove any remaining DNA, protein, LPS, endotoxins, or other impurity.
  • Alcohols such as ethanol, and aqueous alcohol mixtures can also be used.
  • Another purification step is accomplished by crystallization, evaporation or precipitation of the product.
  • Powder is preferably obtained by spray drying, freeze drying, spray freeze-drying, crystallization, lyophilization, band or belt drying, drum or roller drying, and/or agitated thin film drying, preferably by spray drying, drum or roller drying, or agitated thin film drying, more preferably by spray drying or agitated thin film drying, most preferably by spray drying, of a solution containing said saccharide.
  • said saccharide according to the invention constitutes > 70.0 %, preferably > 75.0 %, more preferably > 80.0, (w/w) of said powder.
  • said powder contains ⁇ 15 wt.
  • % preferably ⁇ 10 wt. %, more preferably ⁇ 9 wt. %, more preferably ⁇ 8 wt. %, more preferably ⁇ 7 wt. %, even more preferably ⁇ 5 wt. %, even more preferably ⁇ 4 wt. % of liquid, even more preferably ⁇ 3 wt. % of liquid, even more preferably ⁇ 2 wt. % of liquid, most preferably ⁇ 1 wt. %, preferably wherein said liquid is water.
  • said saccharide according to the invention is linked, preferably chemically linked, to a carrier for delivery of said saccharide.
  • said carrier is a ceramide-based carrier or a polypeptide-based carrier, more preferably said carrier is a ceramide-based carrier.
  • said polypeptide-based carrier is epsilon-polylysine, alfa-polylysine, poly(aspartic acid), polyglutamic acid or polyornithine. These carriers are commercially available (e.g. Sigma-Aldrich, Carbosynth).
  • Said ceramide-based carrier is preferably selected from a list consisting of dl8:l/16:0, tl8:0- 16:0, tl8:0-hl6:0, tl8:0-h22:0 and tl8:0-h24:0.
  • ceramide carriers are commercially available and well-known to the skilled person and are for example described in W02010/037785 which is incorporated by reference.
  • dl8:l/16:0 is also known as C16 ceramide and N-palmitoylsphingosine and therefore interchangeable used herein.
  • tl8:0-16:0 is also known as C16 phytoceramide and N-hexadecanoyl phytosphingosine and therefore interchangeable used herein.
  • tl8:0-hl6:0, tl8:0-h22:0 and tl8:0-h24:0 are glycosylinositolphosphoceramides (GIPCs).
  • GIPCs glycosylinositolphosphoceramides
  • d and t refer to the hydroxylation state of the whole ceramide or long-chain base moiety (d is 2 groups, t is 3 groups), whereas “h” denotes a hydroxylation of the fatty acyl group.
  • said saccharide comprising a fucose is for use in a method for preventing and/or treating a bacterial infection in a subject.
  • said bacterium is gram-positive.
  • said saccharide comprising a fucose is preferably for use in a method for preventing and/or treating a gram-positive bacterial infection in a subject.
  • said bacterial infection is an infection by a Streptococcus species, preferably wherein said Streptococcus species is not Streptococcus pneumoniae or Streptococcus pyogenes, more preferably an infection by a Streptococcus species selected from a list consisting of Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus iniae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus phocae, Streptococcus parauberis, Streptococcus penaeicida, Streptococcus egui, Streptococcus suis and Streptococcus zooepidemicus, even more preferably an infection by a Streptococcus species selected from a list consisting of Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus iniae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptoc
  • Streptococcus species is preferably replaced with “Streptococcus sp.” or “Streptococcus spp.” and vice versa.
  • the terms “Streptococcus agalactiae” and “group B Streptococcus” are used interchangeably herein as they refer to the same bacterial species as understood by the skilled person.
  • said Streptococcus species is not Streptococcus pneumoniae. In an additional and/or alternative preferred embodiment, said Streptococcus species is not Streptococcus pyogenes.
  • said bacterium is a Streptococcus species which is able to infect at least one subject as described in the section "subject”.
  • the Center for Food Security & Public Health published an overview of different Streptococcus species and subjects which can be infected by said Streptococcus species and which is incorporated by reference ("Zoonotic Streptococcosis", updated September 2020 and accessible on https://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/streptococcosis.pdf).
  • said bacterium is a Streptococcus species which is able to infect an aquatic animal, preferably a water breathing animal, more preferably a fish or shrimp.
  • said bacterium is a Streptococcus species which is able to infect a fish, preferably a marine fish.
  • said fish is selected from a list consisting of tilapia, bass, trout, salmon, flounder, turbot, mackerel, mullet, tuna, eel, catfish, pomfret, grouper, rockfish, rabbitfish, barramundi, grunter and pompano, more preferably said fish is selected from a list consisting of tilapia, bass, trout, flounder, turbot, mackerel, mullet, tuna, eel, grunter, pompano, grunter and grouper, even more preferably said fish is selected from a list consisting of tilapia, bass, trout, flounder, turbot, mackerel, mullet, tuna, eel and catfish, even more preferably said fish is selected from a list consisting of tilapia, bass, trout, flounder, turbo
  • Mishra et al, 2018 describes streptococcosis in fish and provides an overview of different fish and the Streptococcosis species known to be able to infect these different fish (it is referred to Table 1 of Mishra et al, 2018, which is incorporated by reference).
  • said bacterium is a Streptococcus species selected from a list consisting of: subject is tilapia: Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus iniae and Streptococcus dysgalactiae; subject is bass: Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus iniae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Streptococcus parauberis; subject is trout: Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus iniae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Streptococcus parauberis; subject is salmon: Streptococcus phocae; subject is flounder: Streptococcus iniae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Streptococcus parauberis; subject is turbot: Streptococcus parauberis; subject is mackerel: Streptepto
  • said bacterium is a Streptococcus species which is able to infect a crustacean.
  • said Streptococcus species is Streptococcus penaeicida. This species has been described by for example Morales-Covarrubias et al, 2018.
  • said bacterium is a Streptococcus species which is able to infect a farmed animal.
  • said farmed animal is selected from a list consisting of bovine, pig, horse, sheep, goat, camelid and poultry. More preferably, said farmed animal is a pig, bovine or horse.
  • said bacterium is a Streptococcus species selected from a list consisting of: subject is bovine: Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Streptococcus parauberis; subject is a pig: Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Streptococcus suis; subject is a horse: Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus egui and Streptococcus zooepidemicus; subject is a sheep: Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Streptococcus zooepidemicus; subject is a goat: Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus egui and Streptococcus zooepidemicus; subject is a camelid: Streptococcus agalact
  • said bacterium is a Streptococcus species which is able to infect a human.
  • said bacterium is selected from a list consisting of Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus iniae and Streptococcus dysgalactiae.
  • said bacterium is a Streptococcus species which is able to infect a horse.
  • said bacterium is selected from a list consisting of Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus equi and Streptococcus zooepidemicus.
  • said bacterium is a Streptococcus species which is able to infect a companion animal, preferably wherein said companion animal is a dog or a cat.
  • said bacterium is Streptococcus agalactiae or Streptococcus dysgalactiae.
  • said bacterium is a Streptococcus species which is able to infect a reptile.
  • said bacterium is Streptococcus agalactiae.
  • said saccharide comprising a fucose is for use in a method for preventing and/or treating streptococcosis.
  • the latter is a bacterial disease caused by a Streptococcus species, preferably as described herein.
  • "for use in a method for preventing and/or treating a bacterial infection” is preferably replaced with "for use in a method for preventing and/or treating streptococcosis".
  • said saccharide comprising a fucose is for use in a method for preventing and/or treating a bacterial infection in a subject.
  • said subject is a human or an animal, more preferably said subject is an animal.
  • said animal is selected from a list consisting of an aquatic animal, a horse, a farmed animal, a companion animal and a reptile, preferably wherein said animal is an aquatic animal or a farmed animal, more preferably wherein said animal is an aquatic animal.
  • said farmed animal is selected from a list consisting of bovine, pig, horse, sheep, goat, camelid and poultry, preferably said farmed animal is bovine, pig or horse.
  • said companion animal is a dog or cat.
  • said aquatic animal is a water breathing animal, preferably wherein said water breathing animal is a fish or crustacean, preferably a fish, mor preferably a marine fish.
  • said crustacean is a shrimp.
  • said fish is selected from a list consisting of tilapia, bass, trout, salmon, flounder, turbot, mackerel, mullet, tuna, eel, catfish, pomfret, grouper, rockfish, rabbitfish, barramundi, grunter and pompano, preferably said fish is selected from a list consisting of tilapia, bass, trout, flounder, turbot, mackerel, mullet, tuna, eel, grunter, pompano, grunter and grouper, more preferably said fish is selected from a list consisting of tilapia, bass, trout, flounder, turbot, mackerel, mullet, tuna, eel and catfish, even more preferably said fish is selected from a list consisting of tilapia, salmon and catfish.
  • said fish is selected from a list consisting of tilapia, grunter, pompano and pomfret, preferably wherein said fish is tilapia.
  • a "farmed animal” refers to an animal that is reared in an agricultural setting in order to produce various commodities such as food (meat, organs, eggs, dairy products) and/or hair or wool.
  • a "companion animal” preferably refers to a domestic animal.
  • an “aquatic animal” is an animal that lives in water for most or all of its lifetime, said animal can be an invertebrate or a vertebrate.
  • a "water breathing animal” or “water breathing aquatic animal” refers to an aquatic animal which is able to breath under water.
  • said subject is an adult or a non-adult subject, preferably said subject is a non-adult subject.
  • said subject is a non-adult human, preferably an infant (age of 0-1 year) or a child of 1-9 years, more preferably an infant (age of 0-1 year) or a child of 1-6 years, even more preferably an infant (age of 0-1 year) or a child of 1-4 years.
  • said subject is a non-adult animal, preferably selected from a list consisting of a fry, fingerling, foal, calf, piglet, lamb, kid, cria, chick, puppy and kitten, more preferably a fry, fingerling, foal, calf or piglet, even more preferably a fry or fingerling, most preferably a fingerling.
  • a non-adult animal of a fish, crustacean, pig, bovine, horse, sheep, goat, camelid, poultry, dog, cat (as described earlier herein) is called a fry (young fish which is capable of feeding h im self )/f ingerl i ng (young fish which is capable of feeding himself and has developed scales and working fins, i.e. transition to a juvenile fish is complete), fry, piglet, calf, foal, lamb, kid, cria, chick, puppy, kitten, respectively.
  • a "non-adult animal" can be replaced with "juvenile animal” and vice versa.
  • a saccharide according to the invention is for use in a method for preventing and/or treating a bacterial infection in a subject.
  • a saccharide according to the invention is for use in a method for preventing and/or treating streptococcosis.
  • said method according to the invention comprises administering an effective amount of said saccharide according to the invention to said subject.
  • an "effective amount” is the amount of said saccharide which is required to confer a therapeutic effect on the subject as described in the present application. Effective amounts vary, as recognized by those skilled in the art, depending on the subject, route of administration, excipient usage among other known factors.
  • said saccharide according to the invention is administered a daily dose of 0.01-150.0 mg, preferably 0.01-125.0 mg, more preferably 0.01-100.0 mg, even more preferably 0.01-80.0, even more preferably 0.01-70.0, even more preferably 0.01-60.0, most preferably 0.01-50.0 mg, per kg bodyweight of said subject.
  • an amount of a saccharide according to the invention expressed in a number of grams or milligrams per daily dose as used herein means that the amount of the saccharide is such that when administering the daily dosage to a subject, the subject will be administered with the number of grams or milligrams of the saccharide.
  • the daily dosage is for example 50 mg
  • the subject receives in total 50 mg per day. This may be in one or more portions. So, if the daily dosage is 50 mg divided over 2 portions, then a single serving consists of 25 mg, a daily serving consists of 2 of such single servings.
  • said saccharide according to the invention is administered at a daily dose of 0.1-70.0 mg, preferably 0.1-60.0 mg, more preferably 0.1-50.0 mg, even more preferably 0.5-50.0 mg, even more preferably 1.0-50.0 mg, even more preferably 2.5-50.0 mg, even more preferably 5.0-50.0 mg, even more preferably 10.0-50.0 mg, most preferably 10.0-40.0 mg, per kg bodyweight of said subject.
  • 0.1-70.0 mg preferably 0.1-60.0 mg, more preferably 0.1-50.0 mg, even more preferably 0.5-50.0 mg, even more preferably 1.0-50.0 mg, even more preferably 2.5-50.0 mg, even more preferably 5.0-50.0 mg, even more preferably 10.0-50.0 mg, most preferably 10.0-40.0 mg, per kg bodyweight of said subject.
  • said subject is a fish or crustacean, preferably a non-adult fish or crustacean.
  • said saccharide according to the invention is administered at daily dose of 1.0-150.0 mg, preferably 1.0-125.0 mg, more preferably 5.0-125.0 mg, even more preferably 10.0-125.0 mg, even more preferably 10.0-100.0 mg, even more preferably 10.0-80.0 mg, even more preferably 15.0-80.0 mg, even more preferably 20.0-80.0 mg, even more preferably 25.0- 80.0 mg, even more preferably 30.0-80.0 mg, even more preferably 35.0-80.0 mg, even more preferably 40.0-80.0 mg, most preferably 45.0-80.0 mg, per kg bodyweight of said subject.
  • said saccharide according to the invention is administered at daily dose of 0.01-50.0 mg, preferably 0.01-30.0 mg, more preferably 0.01-25.0 mg, even more preferably 0.01-20.0 mg, even more preferably 0.01-15.0 mg, even more preferably 0.01-10.0 mg, even more preferably 0.05-10.0 mg, most preferably 0.1-10.0 mg, per kg bodyweight of said subject.
  • said subject is bovine, preferably a non-adult bovine.
  • said saccharide according to the invention is administered at a daily dose of 0.0001-15.0 g, preferably 0.0001-10.0 g, more preferably 0.0001-5.0 g, even more preferably 0.0001-2.0 g, even more preferably 0.0001-1.0 g, even more preferably 0.0005-1.0 g, even more preferably 0.0005-0.5 g, even more preferably 0.0005-0.25 g, most preferably 0.0005-0.10 g-
  • said saccharide according to the invention is administered at a daily dose of 0.0001-1.0 g, preferably 0.0001-0.50 g, more preferably 0.0001-0.10 g, even more preferably 0.0001-0.075 g, even more preferably 0.0001-0.050 g, even more preferably 0.0002-0.050 g, even more preferably 0.0005-0.050 g, most preferably 0.0005-0.025 g.
  • 0.0001-1.0 g preferably 0.0001-0.50 g, more preferably 0.0001-0.10 g, even more preferably 0.0001-0.075 g, even more preferably 0.0001-0.050 g, even more preferably 0.0002-0.050 g, even more preferably 0.0005-0.050 g, most preferably 0.0005-0.025 g.
  • said subject is a fish or crustacean, preferably a non-adult fish or crustacean.
  • said saccharide according to the invention is administered at a daily dose of 0.01-5.0 g, preferably 0.1-2.5 g, more preferably 0.1-1.5 g, even more preferably 0.1-1.2 g, even more preferably 0.2-1.2 g, even more preferably 0.3-1.2 g, even more preferably 0.4-1.2 g, most preferably 0.5-1.2 g.
  • a daily dose 0.01-5.0 g, preferably 0.1-2.5 g, more preferably 0.1-1.5 g, even more preferably 0.1-1.2 g, even more preferably 0.2-1.2 g, even more preferably 0.3-1.2 g, even more preferably 0.4-1.2 g, most preferably 0.5-1.2 g.
  • said subject is a pig, preferably a piglet.
  • said saccharide according to the invention is administered at daily dose of 0.01-1.0 g, preferably 0.01-0.75 g, more preferably 0.01-0.65 g, even more preferably 0.01-0.60 g, even more preferably 0.01-0.50 g, even more preferably 0.015-0.50 g, even more preferably 0.015-0.40 g, even more preferably 0.015-0.30 g, most preferably 0.015-0.20.
  • said subject is bovine, preferably a non-adult bovine.
  • said saccharide according to the invention is administered to said subject at least once between birth (0 weeks) and 5 weeks of age, preferably between birth and 4 weeks of age, more preferably between birth and 3 weeks of age.
  • said saccharide according to the invention is administered to said subject for 1-30, preferably 1-25, more preferably 1-20, even more preferably 1-15, even more preferably 1-10, even more preferably 1-7.5, even more preferably 1-5, even more preferably 1-4, most preferably 2-4, consecutive weeks.
  • said saccharide according to the invention is administered at least once a week (i.e. at least one daily dosage is administered in a week), more preferably at least once every 3 days, even more preferably at least once every 2 days, most preferably at least once daily (i.e. a daily dosage is administered every day).
  • said saccharide according to the invention is administered to said subject for:
  • crustacean 1-6, preferably 1-5, more preferably 1-4, even more preferably 2-4, most preferably 3-4, consecutive weeks;
  • subject is bovine: 1-36, preferably 1-32, more preferably 1-30, even more preferably 1-28, even more preferably 1-26, even more preferably 1-18, even more preferably 1-12, even more preferably 1-6, most preferably 1-4, consecutive weeks;
  • subject is a pig: 1-5, preferably 1-4, more preferably 1-3, most preferably 2-3, consecutive weeks;
  • If subject is a horse: 1-12, preferably 1-8, more preferably 1-5, even more preferably 1-3, most preferably 1-2, consecutive weeks;
  • subject is a sheep: 1-36, preferably 1-32, more preferably 1-30, even more preferably 1-28, even more preferably 1-26, even more preferably 1-18, even more preferably 1-12, even more preferably 1-6, most preferably 1-4, consecutive weeks;
  • subject is a goat: 1-36, preferably 1-32, more preferably 1-30, even more preferably 1-28, even more preferably 1-26, even more preferably 1-18, even more preferably 1-12, even more preferably 1-6, most preferably 1-4, consecutive weeks;
  • subject is poultry: 1-5, preferably 1-4, more preferably 1-3, most preferably 2-3, consecutive weeks;
  • subject is a dog: 1-5, preferably 1-4, more preferably 1-3, most preferably 2-3, consecutive weeks;
  • subject is a cat: 1-5, preferably 1-4, more preferably 1-3, most preferably 2-3, consecutive weeks;
  • If subject is a reptile: 1-12, preferably 1-8, more preferably 1-5, even more preferably 1-3, most preferably 1-2 consecutive weeks;
  • subject is a human: 1-12, preferably 1-10, more preferably 1-8, even more preferably 1-6, even more preferably 1-5, even more preferably 1-4, even more preferably 1-3, most preferably 1-2, consecutive weeks.
  • said saccharide according to the invention is administered at least once a week (i.e. at least one daily dosage is administered in a week), more preferably at least once every 3 days, even more preferably at least once every 2 days, most preferably at least once daily (i.e. a daily dosage is administered every day).
  • a saccharide according to the invention is sufficient to obtain an effective therapeutic for preventing and/or treating bacterial disease such as streptococcosis.
  • the presence of other (oligo)saccharides is not required to obtain said therapeutic effect.
  • the saccharide according to the invention can be administered in a composition including additional components such as saccharides, the present invention relates to the fact that only the saccharide according to the invention is required for achieving an efficient therapeutic effect as described herein.
  • said saccharide according to the invention is administered to said subject as part of a composition, wherein said saccharide is present at a higher amount or concentration than any mammalian milk oligosaccharide present in said composition.
  • mammalian milk oligosaccharide(s) can be absent in said composition and that hence the amount or concentration of the saccharide according to the invention is inevitably higher.
  • the amount or concentration of the saccharide according to the invention (which can be a mammalian milk oligosaccharide or not as defined earlier herein) is higher than said one or more mammalian milk oligosaccharides.
  • said saccharide according to the invention is a mammalian milk oligosaccharide
  • said composition is a pharmaceutical composition and/or a nutritional composition, more preferably a pharmaceutical composition and/or a nutritional composition as described later herein.
  • said saccharide according to the invention is administered to said subject in the absence of lacto-N-neotetraose and/or lacto-N-tetraose and/or sialyllactose, preferably in the absence of lacto-N-neotetraose, more preferably in the absence of lacto-N-neotretraose and lacto-N-tetraose, even more preferably in the absence of lacto-N-neotretraose, lacto-N-tetraose and sialyllactose.
  • the expression "X in the absence of Y" preferably means that the amount of Y constitutes ⁇ 10%, preferably ⁇ 5.0%, more preferably ⁇ 2.0%, even more preferably ⁇ 1.0%, most preferably ⁇ 0.5%, of the amount of X in a composition administered to said subject. More preferably, said expression means that Y is not present in a composition comprising X.
  • said saccharide according to the invention is administered to said subject in the absence of LNFP I and/or LNFP V and/or LNnFP V and/or LNDFH II and/or LNnDFH, preferably in the absence of LNFP I, more preferably in the absence of LNFP I and LNFP V, even more preferably in the absence of LNFP I, LNFP V and LNnFP V, even more preferably in the absence of LNFP I, LNFP V, LNnFP V and LNDFH II, most preferably in the absence of LNFP I, LNFP V, LNnFP V, LNDFH II and LNnDFH.
  • the invention provides a composition for use in a method for preventing and/or treating a bacterial infection in a subject, said composition comprises a saccharide comprising a fucose.
  • the invention provides a composition for use in a method for preventing and/or treating streptococcosis in a subject, said composition comprises a saccharide comprising a fucose.
  • said composition according to the invention comprises a saccharide as described in the section "saccharide" of the first aspect of the invention.
  • said bacterial infection is as described in the section "bacterial infection" of the first aspect of the invention.
  • said subject is as described in the section "subject" of the first aspect of the invention.
  • said method for preventing and/or treating is as described in the section "method for preventing and/or treating" of the first aspect of the invention.
  • a preferred embodiment of the second aspect of the invention relates to a composition for use in a method for preventing and/or treating a bacterial infection in a subject, said composition comprises a saccharide comprising a fucose, wherein said method comprises administering an effective amount of said saccharide to said subject.
  • said saccharide of a composition according to the invention is present in said composition at 0.001-5.000 wt. %, preferably 0.001-2.500 wt. %, more preferably 0.001-1.000 wt. %, even more preferably 0.001-0.750 wt. %, even more preferably 0.001-0.500 wt. %, even more preferably 0.002-0.500 wt. %, even more preferably 0.002-0.400 wt. %, most preferably 0.002-0.250 wt. %.
  • said saccharide of a composition according to the invention is present in said composition at 0.001-2.500 wt.
  • % preferably 0.001-1.000 wt. %, more preferably 0.010-1.000 wt. %, even more preferably 0.025-1.000 wt. %, even more preferably 0.025-0.750 wt. %, even more preferably 0.025-0.500 wt. %, even more preferably 0.025-0.250 wt. %, even more preferably 0.025-0.100 wt. %, most preferably 0.025-0.075 wt. %.
  • said subject is a fish or crustacean, preferably a non-adult fish or crustacean.
  • said saccharide of a composition according to the invention is present in said composition at 0.010-1.000 wt. %, preferably 0.010-0.750 wt. %, more preferably 0.010-0.500 wt. %, even more preferably 0.010-0.400 wt. %, even more preferably 0.050-0.400 wt. %, even more preferably 0.100-0.400 wt. %, most preferably 0.100-0.300 wt. % This is for example particularly preferred if said subject is a pig, preferably a piglet.
  • said saccharide of a composition according to the invention is present in said composition at 0.001-0.250 wt.
  • % preferably 0.001-0.200 wt. %, more preferably 0.001-0.100 wt. %, even more preferably 0.001-0.020 wt. %, even more preferably 0.001-0.010 wt. %, even more preferably 0.002-0.010 wt. %, even more preferably 0.003-0.010 wt. %, most preferably 0.003-0.0075 wt. %.
  • said subject is bovine, preferably a nonadult bovine.
  • said saccharide of a composition according to the invention is present at a higher amount or concentration than any mammalian milk oligosaccharide present in said composition.
  • mammalian milk oligosaccharide(s) can be absent in said composition and that hence the amount or concentration of the saccharide according to the invention is inevitably higher.
  • the amount or concentration of the saccharide according to the invention (which can be a mammalian milk oligosaccharide or not as defined earlier herein) is higher than said one or more mammalian milk oligosaccharides.
  • said saccharide according to the invention is a mammalian milk oligosaccharide
  • said composition does not comprise lacto-N-neotetraose and/or lacto-N-tetraose and/or sialyllactose, preferably does not comprise lacto-N-neotetraose, more preferably does not comprise lacto-N-neotretraose and lacto-N-tetraose, even more preferably does not comprise lacto-N-neotretraose, lacto-N- tetraose and sialyllactose; or comprises any one or more of lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-tetraose and sialyllactose, but at an amount in the composition which is at least 5, preferably 10, more preferably 15, even more preferably 20, even more preferably 25, even more preferably 50, times lower than the amount of said saccharide in the composition.
  • said composition does not comprise LNFP I and/or LNFP V and/or LNnFP V and/or LNDFH II and/or LNnDFH, preferably does not comprise LNFP I, more preferably does not comprise LNFP I and LNFP V, even more preferably does not comprise LNFP I, LNFP V and LNnFP V, even more preferably does not comprise LNFP I, LNFP V, LNnFP V and LNDFH II, most preferably does not comprise LNFP I, LNFP V, LNnFP V, LNDFH II and LNnDFH; or comprises any one or more of LNFP I, LNFP V, LNnFP V, LNDFH II and LNnDFH, but at an amount in the composition which is at least 5, preferably 10, more preferably 15, even more preferably 20, even more preferably 25, even more preferably 50, times lower than the amount of said saccharide in the composition.
  • said saccharide is provided as a powder in a composition according to the invention.
  • said powder is as defined in the section "saccharide" of the first aspect.
  • said composition is a pharmaceutical composition, optionally further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, filler, preservative, solubilizer, diluent, excipient, salt, adjuvant and/or solvent.
  • said composition is a nutritional composition, optionally further comprising a feed ingredient and/or a food ingredient, wherein said feed/food ingredient is preferably chosen from the list consisting of: a lipid, preferably one or more selected from the list consisting of an oil, fat, ester, monoglyceride, diglyceride, triglyceride and free fatty acid; a vitamin, preferably one or more selected from the list consisting of vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin H, or a derivate thereof; an amino acid compound; a trace element; a mineral, preferably one or more selected from the list consisting of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese, copper, sodium, potassium, molybdenum, chromium, selenium and chloride; an antioxidant; a prebiotic agent, preferably one or more selected from the list consisting of GOS (galactooligosaccharide), FOS (fructo-oligos)
  • any source of protein may be used so long as it is suitable for nutritional compositions and is otherwise compatible with any other selected ingredients or features in the nutritional composition.
  • suitable proteins (and sources thereof) suitable for use in the nutritional composition according to the invention include, but are not limited to, intact, hydrolyzed, or partially hydrolyzed protein, which may be derived from any known or otherwise suitable source such as milk (e.g., casein, whey), animal (e.g., meat, fish), cereal (e.g., rice, corn, wheat), vegetable (e.g., soy, pea, potato, bean), and combinations thereof.
  • milk e.g., casein, whey
  • animal e.g., meat, fish
  • cereal e.g., rice, corn, wheat
  • vegetable e.g., soy, pea, potato, bean
  • the protein may also include a mixture of amino acids (often described as free amino acids) known for use in nutritional products or a combination of such amino acids with the intact, hydrolyzed, or partially hydrolyzed proteins described herein.
  • the amino acids may be naturally occurring or synthetic amino acids.
  • suitable protein (or sources thereof) used in a nutritional composition according to the invention include, but are not limited to, whole cow's milk, partially or completely defatted milk, milk protein concentrates, milk protein isolates, nonfat dry milk, condensed skim milk, whey protein concentrates, whey protein isolates, acid caseins, sodium caseinates, calcium caseinates, potassium caseinates, legume protein, soy protein concentrates, soy protein isolates, pea protein concentrates, pea protein isolates, pea protein isolates, collagen proteins, potato proteins, rice proteins, wheat proteins, canola proteins, quinoa, insect proteins, earthworm proteins, fungal (e.g., mushroom) proteins, hydrolyzed yeast, gelatin, bovine colostrum, human colostrum, glycol macropeptides, mycoproteins, proteins expressed by microorganisms (e.g., bacteria and algae), and combinations thereof.
  • suitable protein or sources thereof used in a nutritional composition according to the invention.
  • a nutritional composition according to the invention may include any individual source of protein or combination of the various sources of protein listed above.
  • the proteins for use herein can also include, or be entirely or partially replaced by, free amino acids known for use in nutritional products, non-limiting examples of which include L-tryptophan, L-glutamine, L-tyrosine, L-methionine, L-cysteine, taurine, L- arginine, L-carnitine, and combinations thereof.
  • the carbohydrate or source of carbohydrate suitable for use in a nutritional composition according to the invention may be simple, complex, or variations or combinations thereof.
  • the carbohydrate may include any carbohydrate or carbohydrate source that is suitable for use nutritional compositions and is otherwise compatible with any other selected ingredients or features in the nutritional composition.
  • Non-limiting examples of carbohydrates suitable for use in the nutritional composition according to the invention are not limited to, polydextrose, maltodextrin; hydrolyzed or modified starch or cornstarch; glucose polymers; corn syrup; corn syrup solids; sucrose; glucose; fructose; lactose; high fructose corn syrup; honey; sugar alcohols (e.g., maltitol, erythritol, sorbitol); isomaltulose; sucromalt; pullulan; potato starch; and other slowly-digested carbohydrates; dietary fibers including, but not limited to, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), galactooligosaccharides (GOS), oat fiber, soy fiber, gum arabic, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, guar gum, gellan gum, locust bean gum, konjac flour, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, tragacanth gum, karaya gum, gum acacia, chitosan
  • the fat or source of fat suitable for use in a nutritional composition according to the invention may be derived from various sources including, but not limited to, plants, animals, and combinations thereof.
  • the fat may include any fat or fat source that is suitable for use in a nutritional composition according to the invention and is otherwise compatible with any other selected ingredients or features in the nutritional composition.
  • Non-limiting examples of suitable fat (or sources thereof) for use in a nutritional composition according to the invention include coconut oil, fractionated coconut oil, soy oil, high oleic soy oil, corn oil, olive oil, safflower oil, high oleic safflower oil, medium chain triglyceride oil (MCT oil), high gamma linolenic (GLA) safflower oil, sunflower oil, high oleic sunflower oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, palm olein, canola oil, high oleic canola oil, marine oils, fish oils, algal oils, borage oil, cottonseed oil, fungal oils, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), arachidonic acid (ARA), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), alpha-linolenic acid, rice bran oil, wheat bran oil, interesterified oils, transesterified oils, structured lipids
  • the fats used in a nutritional composition for formulating infant formulas and pediatric formulas provide fatty acids needed both as an energy source and for the healthy development of the infant, toddler, or child.
  • These fats typically comprise triglycerides, although the fats may also comprise diglycerides, monoglycerides, and free fatty acids.
  • Fatty acids provided by the fats in the nutritional composition include, but are not limited to, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, alphalinolenic acid, ARA, EPA, and DHA.
  • the nutritional composition can include any individual source of fat or combination of the various sources of fat listed above.
  • the fat is a mixture of vegetable fat and milk fat such as obtained from milk from a mammal like cow, sheep, goat, mare, or camel. More preferably, wherein the milk fat is bovine milk fat. Mixtures of different types of fat are preferred because they help to provide different fatty acids and better resemble the type of linkage between the glycerol moiety and the fatty acid moiety in the fat, when compared to human mother's milk.
  • the weight ratio between the saccharide according to the invention and said prebiotic(s) is in the range of from 0.5:10 to 10:0.5.
  • said pharmaceutical or nutritional composition according to the invention comprises one or more probiotics for its beneficial effect on the subject's gut microbiome.
  • probiotics include Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Saccharomyces boulardii.
  • said nutritional composition is a synthetic nutritional composition.
  • a "synthetic composition” or a “synthetic nutritional composition” refers to a composition which is artificially prepared and preferably refers to a composition comprising at least one component that is produced ex vivo, either chemically and/or biologically, e.g. by means of chemical reaction, enzymatic reaction or recombinantly, or purified by humans. It is preferred that a synthetic nutritional composition of the invention is not identical with a naturally occurring composition.
  • said nutritional composition is a food product, preferably wherein said food product is selected from a list consisting of dairy product, bar, liquid product, savory snack, savory biscuit, bakery product, pasta and food supplement, more preferably wherein said food product is selected from a list consisting of dairy product, liquid product and food supplement.
  • said nutritional composition is selected from a list consisting of infant formula, baby food, infant cereal composition, growing-up milk, milk replacer, creep feed, pet food, dry feed, frozen feed, pre weaning feed, weaning feed and post weaning feed.
  • said nutritional composition is selected from a list consisting of dry feed, frozen feed, milk replacer, creep feed, pet food, prestarter diet, pre weaning feed, weaning feed and post weaning feed, preferably selected from a list consisting of dry feed, frozen feed, milk replacer, creep feed and pet food, more preferably wherein said nutritional composition is dry feed, frozen feed, milk replacer or creep feed, even more preferably wherein said nutritional composition is dry feed or frozen feed, most preferably wherein said nutritional composition is dry feed.
  • an "infant formula” refers to to a nutritional composition that has the proper balance of macronutrients, micro-nutrients, and calories to provide sole or supplemental nourishment for and generally maintain or improve the health of infants, toddlers, or both.
  • Infant formulas preferably comprise nutrients in accordance with the relevant infant formula guidelines for the targeted consumer or user population, an example of which would be the Infant Formula Act, 21 U.S.C. Section 350(a).
  • Another example with guidelines for nutrients of an infant formula, in particular for a person of 0-12 months of age and for children up to 36 months old, may be found in the CODEX Alimentarius (CODEX STAN 72-1981), further referred to as the CODEX).
  • Nutritional compositions for infants are commonly referred to as infant formula.
  • the nutritional composition according to the invention should contain the ingredients in the amounts as prescribed by the CODEX and, if needed, as prescribed by additional regulations of individual countries.
  • the protein component is typically present in an amount of from 5% to 35% by weight of the infant formula (i.e., the dry weight), including from 10% to 30%, from 10% to 25%, from 15% to 25%, from 20% to 30%, from 15% to 20%, and also including from 10% to 16% by weight of the infant formula (i.e., the dry weight).
  • the carbohydrate component is typically present in an amount of from 40% to 75% by weight of the infant formula (i.e., the dry weight), including from 45% to 75%, from 45% to 70%, from 50% to 70%, from 50% to 65%, from 50% to 60%, from 60% to 75%, from 55% to 65%, and also including from 65% to 70% by weight of the infant formula (i.e., the dry weight).
  • the fat component is typically present in an amount of from 10% to 40% by weight of the infant formula (i.e., the dry weight), including from 15% to 40%, from 20% to 35%, from 20% to 30%, from 25% to 35%, and also including from 25% to 30% by weight of the infant formula (i.e., the dry weight).
  • growing-up milk refers to a milk-based beverage adapted for the specific nutritional needs of young children.
  • weaning or “weaning period” refers to the period during which the mother's milk is substituted by other food in the diet.
  • the term "creep feed” refers to a nutritional composition which is used to supplement a pre-weaned subject with a solid diet while said subject is suckling.
  • a piglet receives creep feed to ease the transition from sow's milk to solid pig starter feed.
  • the creep feed stimulates the digestive system of the piglet to produce e.g. amylase which digests carbohydrates in dry feed. If a pig is better able to digest dry feed, he can start eating quickly post-weaning for better performance.
  • milk replacer refers to a nutritional composition which serves as a substitute for mother's milk.
  • a milk replacer comprises milk proteins, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals.
  • a milk replacer comprises 20 wt. % to 30 wt. % water, 18 wt. % to 24 wt. % of at least one protein, 15 wt. % to 28 wt. % (preferably 20 wt. % to 25 wt. %) of at least one fat and lactose at ⁇ 50 wt. %.
  • said nutritional composition is for feeding a fish or a crustacean, more preferably a fish.
  • said nutritional composition is a dry feed or frozen feed, more preferably a dry feed.
  • a feed can be pellet feed, flake feed or powdered feed.
  • a nutritional composition for feeding a fish or a crustacean, preferably a fish comprises proteins, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals.
  • said nutritional composition for feeding a fish or a crustacean, preferably a fish comprises 10 wt. % to 20 wt. % fat and 15 wt. % to 35 wt. % carbohydrates.
  • said vitamin is any one or more of vitamin A, Bl, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12, biotin, C, choline, D3, E, folacin, inositol and K.
  • said mineral is any one or more of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, magnesium, iron, iodine, chloride, copper, potassium, sulfur and zinc, more preferably said mineral is calcium and/or phosphorus.
  • a binding agent for providing water stability to the feed is present.
  • said binding agent constitutes ⁇ 1.0 wt. % of the nutritional composition. Examples of suitable binding agents comprise guargum and carboxy methyl cellulose.
  • a preservative is present.
  • said preservative is an antioxidant and/or an anti-microbial. More preferably, said preservative is an antioxidant, preferably selected from a list consisting of vitamin E, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene and ethoxyquine. More preferably, said preservative is an antimicrobial, preferably selected from a list consisting of sodium, benzoic and sorbic acid. It is preferred that said preservative constitutes ⁇ 0.1 wt. % of the nutritional composition. Optionally, an attractive is present. Its function is to make it more palatable. It is preferred that said attract constitutes ⁇ 5.0 wt/ % of the nutritional composition.
  • pellet feed refers to feed that is obtained by grinding up the feed components, extruding it with heat and pressure before producing the pellets in the desired size. Some pellet feed are designed to float on water, while others are designed to sink.
  • Fine feed refers to feed that will float for a certain amount of time before slowly sinking to the bottom.
  • Puldered feed refers to feed that is either directly fed or is mixed in water before feeding it. “Powdered feed” is often referred to as "fry feed”.
  • the invention provides a method for preventing and/or treating a bacterial infection in a subject as defined in the previous sections.
  • the method comprises administering a saccharide comprising a fucose (as described in the section "saccharide" of the first aspect) or a composition (as described in the second aspect) of the invention to said subject.
  • the invention provides a method for preventing and/or treating streptococcosis.
  • the latter is a bacterial disease caused by a Streptococcus species, preferably as described herein (it is referred to section "bacterial infection" of the first aspect).
  • method for preventing and/or treating a bacterial infection is preferably replaced with “method for preventing and/or treating streptococcosis”.
  • the invention provides the use of a saccharide comprising a fucose (as described in the section "saccharide" of the first aspect) or a composition (as described in the second aspect) according to the invention for the manufacture of a medicament for preventing and/or treating a bacterial infection in a subject as defined in the previous sections.
  • the invention provides said use for the manufacture of a medicament for preventing and/or treating streptococcosis.
  • a medicament for preventing and/or treating streptococcosis is a bacterial disease caused by a Streptococcus species, preferably as described herein (it is referred to section "bacterial infection" of the first aspect).
  • "manufacture of a medicament for preventing and/or treating a bacterial infection” is preferably replaced with "manufacture of a medicament for preventing and/or treating streptococcosis".
  • a saccharide comprising a fucose for use in a method for preventing and/or treating a bacterial infection in a subject, preferably wherein said bacterium is gram-positive.
  • a saccharide for use according to embodiment 1 or 2 wherein said saccharide is for use in a method for preventing and/or treating streptococcosis.
  • MMO mammalian milk oligosaccharide
  • HMO human milk oligosaccharide
  • LNB lacto-N-biose
  • LacNAc N-acetyllactosamine
  • lacto-N-fucopentaose III lacto-N-fucopentaose III
  • LNFP V lacto-N-fucopentaose V
  • LNDFH I lacto-N-difucohexaose I
  • LNDFH II lacto-N-difucohexaose II
  • lewis b-lewis x monofucosyllacto-N-hexaose III
  • DFLNH difucosyllacto-N-hexaose
  • DFLNH difucosyllacto-N-hexaose
  • TFLNH trifucosyllacto-N- hexaose
  • lacto-N-neofucopentaose I LNnFP I
  • lacto-N-neofucopentaose V LNnFP V, LNFP VI
  • lacto-N-neodifucohexaose LNnDFH
  • crustacean 1-6, preferably 1-5, more preferably 1-4, even more preferably 2-4, most preferably 3-4, consecutive weeks;
  • subject is bovine: 1-36, preferably 1-32, more preferably 1-30, even more preferably 1-28, even more preferably 1-26, even more preferably 1-18, even more preferably 1-12, even more preferably 1-6, most preferably 1-4, consecutive weeks;
  • subject is a pig: 1-5, preferably 1-4, more preferably 1-3, most preferably 2-3, consecutive weeks;
  • If subject is a horse: 1-12, preferably 1-8, more preferably 1-5, even more preferably 1-3, most preferably 1-2, consecutive weeks;
  • subject is a sheep: 1-36, preferably 1-32, more preferably 1-30, even more preferably 1-28, even more preferably 1-26, even more preferably 1-18, even more preferably 1-12, even more preferably 1-6, most preferably 1-4, consecutive weeks;
  • subject is a goat: 1-36, preferably 1-32, more preferably 1-30, even more preferably 1-28, even more preferably 1-26, even more preferably 1-18, even more preferably 1-12, even more preferably 1-6, most preferably 1-4, consecutive weeks;
  • subject is poultry: 1-5, preferably 1-4, more preferably 1-3, most preferably 2-3, consecutive weeks;
  • subject is a dog: 1-5, preferably 1-4, more preferably 1-3, most preferably 2-3, consecutive weeks;
  • subject is a cat: 1-5, preferably 1-4, more preferably 1-3, most preferably 2-3, consecutive weeks;
  • If subject is a reptile: 1-12, preferably 1-8, more preferably 1-5, even more preferably 1-3, most preferably 1-2, consecutive weeks;
  • subject is a human: 1-12, preferably 1-10, more preferably 1-8, even more preferably 1-6, even more preferably 1-5, even more preferably 1-4, even more preferably 1-3, most preferably 1-2 consecutive weeks.
  • a composition for use in a method for preventing and/or treating a bacterial infection in a subject comprises a saccharide comprising a fucose, preferably said saccharide is as defined in any one of embodiments 4 to 15, wherein said bacterium is preferably gram-positive, more preferably said bacterial infection is as defined in embodiment 2.
  • composition for use according to embodiment 41 wherein said composition is for use in a method for preventing and/or treating streptococcosis.
  • composition for use according to embodiment 41 or 42, wherein said subject is as defined in any one of embodiments 16 to 25.
  • composition for use according to any one of embodiments 41 to 47, wherein said method comprises administering an effective amount of said saccharide to said subject, preferably wherein said saccharide is administered at a daily dose as defined in any one of embodiments 27 to 34.
  • a composition for use according to any one of embodiments 41 to 50 wherein said composition: does not comprise lacto-N-neotetraose and/or lacto-N-tetraose and/or sialyllactose, preferably does not comprise lacto-N-neotetraose, more preferably does not comprise lacto-N-neotretraose and lacto- N-tetraose, even more preferably does not comprise lacto-N-neotretraose, lacto-N-tetraose and sialyllactose; or comprises any one or more of lacto-N-neotetraose, lacto-N-tetraose and sialyllactose, but at an amount in the composition which is at least 5, preferably 10, more preferably 15, even more preferably 20, even more preferably 25, even more preferably 50, times lower than the amount of said saccharide in the composition.
  • a composition for use according to any one of embodiments 41 to 51 wherein said composition: does not comprise LNFP I and/or LNFP V and/or LNnFP V and/or LNDFH II and/or LNnDFH, preferably does not comprise LNFP I, more preferably does not comprise LNFP I and LNFP V, even more preferably does not comprise LNFP I, LNFP V and LNnFP V, even more preferably does not comprise LNFP I, LNFP V, LNnFP V and LNDFH II, most preferably does not comprise LNFP I, LNFP V, LNnFP V, LNDFH II and LNnDFH; or comprises any one or more of LNFP I, LNFP V, LNnFP V, LNDFH II and LNnDFH, but at an amount in the composition which is at least 5, preferably 10, more preferably 15, even more preferably 20, even more preferably 25, even more preferably 50, times lower than the amount of said saccharide in the composition.
  • compositions for use according to any one of embodiments 41 to 52 wherein said composition is a pharmaceutical composition, optionally further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, filler, preservative, solubilizer, diluent, excipient, salt, adjuvant and/or solvent.
  • compositions for use according to any one of embodiments 41 to 52 wherein said composition is a nutritional composition, optionally further comprising a feed ingredient and/or a food ingredient, wherein said feed/food ingredient is preferably chosen from the list consisting of: a lipid, preferably one or more selected from the list consisting of an oil, fat, ester, monoglyceride, diglyceride, triglyceride and free fatty acid; a vitamin, preferably one or more selected from the list consisting of vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin H, or a derivate thereof; an amino acid compound; a trace element; a mineral; an antioxidant; a prebiotic agent; a carbohydrate; an antimicrobial agent; and/or a protein.
  • a composition for use according to embodiment 54 wherein said nutritional composition is a synthetic nutritional composition.
  • a composition for use according to embodiment 54 or 55 wherein said nutritional composition is selected from a list consisting of dry feed, frozen feed, milk replacer, creep feed, pet food, prestarter diet, pre weaning feed, weaning feed and post weaning feed, preferably selected from a list consisting of dry feed, frozen feed, milk replacer, creep feed and pet food, more preferably wherein said nutritional composition is dry feed, frozen feed, milk replacer or creep feed, even more preferably wherein said nutritional composition is dry feed or frozen feed, most preferably wherein said nutritional composition is dry feed.
  • a method for preventing and/or treating a bacterial infection in a subject comprises administering a saccharide comprising a fucose, preferably a saccharide as defined in any one of embodiments 4 to 15, or a composition according to any one of embodiments 41 to 58.
  • a method according to any one of embodiments 59 to 62, wherein said method comprises administering an effective amount of said saccharide to said subject, preferably wherein said saccharide is administered as defined in any one of embodiments 27 to 40.
  • a saccharide comprising a fucose, preferably a saccharide as defined in any one of embodiments 4 to 15, or a composition according to any one of embodiments 41 to 58, for the manufacture of a medicament for preventing and/or treating a bacterial infection in a subject.
  • polysaccharide refers to a saccharide containing a plurality of repeating units comprised of simple sugars.
  • said polysaccharide preferably has a degree of polymerization which is at least 40 (and preferably ⁇ 3000).
  • LNT II LNT-II
  • LN3 lacto-N-triose II
  • lacto-N-triose II lacto-N-triose
  • lacto-N-triose lacto-N-triose
  • GlcNAcpi-3Gaipi-4Glc are used interchangeably.
  • LNT lacto-N-tetraose
  • lacto-/V-tetraose lacto-/V-tetraose
  • Gaipi-3GlcNAcpi-3Gaipi-4Glc are used interchangeably.
  • LNnT lacto-N-neotetraose
  • lacto-/V-neotetraose lacto-/V-neotetraose
  • Gaipi-4GlcNAcpi- 3Gaipi-4Glc are used interchangeably.
  • LNFP-I lacto-N-fucopentaose I
  • LNFP I lacto-N-fucopentaose I
  • LNF I OH type I determinant "LNF I”, “LNF1”, “LNF 1”
  • Bood group H antigen pentaose type 1 and "Fuc-al,2-Gal-pi,3-GlcNAc-pi,3-Gal-pi,4-Glc" are used interchangeably.
  • Gal-LNFP-I blood group B antigen hexaose type I
  • Gal-al,3-(Fuc-al,2)-Gal-pi,3- GlcNAc-pi,3-Gal-pi,4-Glc are used interchangeably.
  • GalNAc-LNFP-l blood group A antigen hexaose type I
  • GalNAc-al,3-(Fuc-al,2)-Gal- pi,3-GlcNAc- pi,3-Gal-pi,4-Glc are used interchangeably.
  • LNFP-II lacto-N-fucopentaose II
  • Gal-pi,3-(Fuc-al,4)-GlcNAc-pi,3-Gal-pi,4-Glc are used interchangeably.
  • LNFP-III lacto-N-fucopentaose III
  • Gal-pi,4-(Fuc-al,3)-GlcNAc-pi,3-Gal-pi,4-Glc are used interchangeably.
  • LNFP-V lacto-N-fucopentaose V
  • Gal-pi,3-GlcNAc-pi,3-Gal-pi,4-(Fuc-al,3)-Glc are used interchangeably.
  • LNDFH I Lacto-N-difucohexaose I
  • LNDFH-I LNDFH I
  • LNDFH I Lacto-N-difucohexaose I
  • LNDFH-I LNDFH I
  • LNDFH I LNDFH I
  • LNDFH I LNDFH I
  • LNDFH I LNDFH I
  • LNDFH I lactose
  • Lewis-b hexasaccharide LNDFH I
  • Fuc-al,2-Gal-pi,3-[Fuc-al,4]-GlcNAc-pi,3-Gal-pi,4-Glc are used interchangeably.
  • LNDFH II Lacto-N-difucohexaose II
  • LDFH II Lacto-N-difucohexaose II
  • LDFH II Lacto-N-difucohexaose II
  • LDFH II Lacto-N-difucohexaose II
  • LDFH II Lacto-N-difucohexaose II
  • LDFH II LDFH II
  • Fuc-al,4-(Gal-pi,3)- GlcNAc-pi,3-Gal-pi,4-(Fuc-al,3)-Glc are used interchangeably.
  • lewis b-lewis x and "Fucal,4-[Fuc-al,2-Gaipi,3]-GlcNAc-pi,3-Gal-pi,4-[Fuc-al,3]-Glc are used interchangeably.
  • MFLNH III "monofucosyllacto-N-hexaose-lll” and "Gal-pi,4-[Fuc-al,3]-GlcNAc-pi,6-[Gal- pi,3-GlcNAc-pi,3]-Gal-pi,4-Glc" are used interchangeably.
  • DFLNH (a) "difucosyllacto-N-hexaose (a)” and "Gal-pi,4-[Fuc-al,3]-GlcNAc-pi,6-[Fuc-al,2- Gal-pi,3-GlcNAc-pi,3]-Gal-pi,4-Glc" are used interchangeably.
  • DFLNH "difucosyllacto-N-hexaose” and "Gal-pi,4-[Fuc-al,3]-GlcNAc-pi,6-[Fuc-al,4-[Gal- pi,3]-GlcNAc-pi,3]-Gal-pi,4-Glc" are used interchangeably.
  • TFLNH "trifucosyllacto-N-hexaose” and "Gal-pi,4-[Fuc-al,3]-GlcNAc-pi,6-[Fuc-al,4-[Fuc- al,2-Gal-pi,3]-GlcNAc-pi,3]-Gal-pi,4-Glc" are used interchangeably.
  • LNnFP I Lacto-N-neofucopentaose I
  • Fuc-al,2-Gal-pi,4-GlcNAc-pi,3-Gal-pi,4-Glc are used interchangeably.
  • LNFP-VI LNnFP V
  • lacto-N-neofucopentaose V lacto-N-neofucopentaose V
  • Gal-pi,4-GlcNAc-pi,3-Gal-pi,4-(Fuc- al,3)-Glc are used interchangeably.
  • LNnDFH Lacto-N-neoDiFucohexaose
  • Lewis x hexaose Gal-pi,4-(Fuc-al,3)-GlcNAc-pi,3- Gal-pi,4-(Fuc-al,3)-Glc
  • the term “cultivation” refers to the culture medium wherein the cell is cultivated or fermented, the cell itself, and the saccharide(s) that is/are produced by the cell in whole broth, i.e. inside (intracellularly) as well as outside (extracellularly) of the cell.
  • Figure 1 Percentage of alive fish (Tilapia) infected with S. agalactiae lb at the end of the 21-day challenge period.
  • Group A placebo
  • “*” refers to a statistically significant difference between the 3-FL treatment group and placebo group of P ⁇ 0.05 (Chi-squared test).
  • 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL) was recombinantly produced in E. coli as described in example 16 of 2020/127417 (Helicobacter pylori alpha-1, 3-fucosyltransferase), purified as described in examples 13-20 of WO 2022/034079, and subsequently dried to obtain 3-FL powder (purity 96.75 %) as described in WO 2019/160922 (Example 7).
  • 2'-fucosyllactose (2'FL) was recombinantly produced in E. coli and purified as described in examples 10, 13 and 14 of WO 2022/034079, and subsequently dried as described in Example 21 of WO 2022/034079 to obtain 2'FL powder (purity 89.6 %).
  • the experiment was carried out at the facility of Ictyopharma fish CRO (Deneuille-Les-Mines, France) involving 15 tanks of 100L. Independent recirculation systems were used, each containing 5 tanks. Each system was equipped with a mechanical filter and a bio-filter as well as degassing columns and UV. The following water parameters were measured on a daily basis: dissolved oxygen (DO), pH and temperature. NH 4 and NO2 were measured at least 2 times a week. Water salinity is at 0 ppt, temperature 28°C ⁇ 1,5°C, exchange rate 200L/h. A summary of the water quality parameters during the trial is provided in Table 1.
  • Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), majority YY, weighted at start of trial around 17.66 ⁇ 0.26 g are experimental species.
  • Feeding rates are adjusted weekly based on mean individual weight per tank. After experimental infection with Streptococcus agalactiae (see further), fish are fed ad libitum.
  • the supplementation dose of 3-FL (or 2'FL) for week 1 and for week 2-4 are 25 mg and 22.5 mg per kg body weight per day, respectively.
  • Our data showed that each tilapia (starting weight as aforementioned) eats on average 1.3 g/day (i.e. 0.65 mg 3-FL or 0.65 mg 2'FL) within the first 4 weeks.
  • glycerol stock S. agalactiae serotype lb, Ictyopharma strain TI063 was recovered from the freezer ⁇ -50 ° C. The tube was thawed at room temperature and 1 ml inoculated in IL of tryptone soy broth (TSB) and incubated with agitation by magnetic bar at 30°C overnight. After incubation for approximately 15h- 18h, with OD660nm > 0.8 (corresponding to approx. 10 9 CFU/ml) the suspension was used for immersion infection. Challenge was conducted using 30ml of overnight culture per tank. CFU of this culture was verified on tryptic soya agar (TSA), as expected, to be 2.8xl0 9 CFU/ml.
  • TSA tryptic soya agar
  • Experimental diets were manufactured by SPAROS Lda. (Olhao, Portugal). Powder ingredients were grinded (below 200 micron) in a micropulverizer hammer mill (Hosokawa Micron, SHI, The Netherlands). Diets were manufactured by temperature extrusion (pellet size: 1.5 mm) by means of a low shear extruder (Italplast P55, Italy). Upon extrusion, all feed batches were dried. Extrusion temperatures used are generally in between 105-115 9 C and drying temperature around 120°C for approximately 1.5 min (initial section of the dryer) and then a gradual decrease towards the end of the dryer, at which temperature range 40-45 9 C. The basal diet was formulated to meet or exceed the nutrient requirement for Tilapia.
  • the diet composition and calculated nutrient contents are shown in table 2.
  • 3-FL or 2'FL was diluted in a small amount of water and subsequently emulsified in oil (0.05 % w/v of 3-FL or 0.05 % w/v of 2'FL) before top- dressed onto the post-extruded feed under vacuum (i.e. forming the top-coating).
  • the top-coating of the diet for the placebo group did not contain 3-FL or 2'FL. Diets were packed in plastic sealed bins and transferred to the experimental site.
  • ** 0.05 % (w/w) means that 0.5 g 2'FL is present per kg feed
  • one entire tank per treatment i.e. group A, group B and group C
  • group A, group B and group C was sampled to quantify the pathogen load of the surviving fish.
  • Tanks were chosen at random. Entire brains were collected from euthanized fish using aseptic technique to minimize the possibility of contamination. Brains were immediately weighed in sterile microcentrifuge tubesand diluted with 9x volume of sterile saline solution. Brains from visually moribund fish were identified with an identifying mark/sticker on the microcentrifuge tube. Once diluted, brains were mechanically emulsified as much as possible with the use of a sterile microcentrifuge pestle. After mechanical breakdown of tissue, samples were centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 15 seconds. Serial dilutions using the supernatant were conducted taking 100 pl and adding to 900 pl of sterile saline solution.
  • Figure 1 shows the percentage of fish in one tank that retains Streptococcus agalactiae after 3 weeks upon challenge with S. agalactiae.
  • the pathogens were found in the brains of many fish in tanks treated with 2'FL (group C) at the ratio of 90%.
  • This experiment hence clearly shows that 3-FL is an efficacious agent to prevent and/or treat streptococcosis in fish.
  • Hp3/4FT Helicobacter pylori alphal-3/4-fucosyltransferase
  • OPME one-pot multienzyme

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un saccharide fucosylé, ou une composition comprenant un saccharide fucosylé, destiné à être utilisé dans la prévention et/ou le traitement d'une infection bactérienne chez un sujet, de préférence la streptococcie.
PCT/EP2023/067783 2022-06-29 2023-06-29 Saccharide fucosylé destiné à être utilisé dans la prévention ou le traitement d'une maladie bactérienne WO2024003222A1 (fr)

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Citations (11)

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WO2010037785A2 (fr) 2008-10-01 2010-04-08 Universiteit Gent Inhibiteurs de liaison d'e. coli
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