WO2024002998A1

WO2024002998A1 - Lifting gear such as a crane

Info

Publication number: WO2024002998A1
Application number: PCT/EP2023/067373
Authority: WO
Inventors: Martin Schmidt; Stefan Schimske; Yvon Ilaka MUPENDE
Original assignee: Liebherr-Werk Biberach Gmbh
Priority date: 2022-06-30
Filing date: 2023-06-27
Publication date: 2024-01-04

Abstract

The present invention relates to a lifting gear, in particular a crane (1) such as a revolving tower crane, comprising a high-strength fiber cable (4), a cable harness (3) for deflecting and/or articulating the fiber cable, and an electrostatic discharge device (7) for discharging electrostatic charges from the fiber cable and/or from the cable harness (3), wherein the electrostatic discharge device (7) has at least one protruding electrostatic discharge pin (13) attached to the cable harness (3).

Description

Hoist like crane

The present invention relates to a hoist, in particular in the form of a crane such as a tower crane, with a high-strength fiber rope, a rope harness for deflecting and/or articulating the fiber rope, and an electrostatic discharge device for dissipating electrostatic charges from the fiber rope and/or rope harness.

For some time now, in lifting technology and especially in cranes, attempts have been made to replace the usual, heavy steel ropes with high-strength fiber ropes made from high-strength synthetic fibers such as aramid fibers, aramid-carbon fiber mixtures, high-modulus polyethylene fibers (HMPE), LCP or PBO fibers exist or at least have such fibers. Due to the weight saving compared to steel ropes of up to 80% with almost the same breaking strength, the load capacity or the permissible lifting load can be increased, as the dead weight of the rope that has to be taken into account for the load capacity is significantly lower. Especially in cranes with a large lifting height or in boom or mast adjustment systems with pulleys with a high number of reevings, considerable rope lengths and therefore also the corresponding rope weight are required, so that the weight reduction possible through high-strength fiber ropes is very advantageous. However, when using such high-strength fiber ropes, the problem arises that the load hook or a tool tied to the rope can become electrostatically charged, especially when it is warm and dry, so that the load hook slinger or tool operator can receive an electric shock The stopper or machine operator touches the load hook or the tool or attachment because the stopper is at the potential “earth” and the load hook or the tool has become electrostatically charged compared to this potential due to the rope friction in the rollers and bearings.

Such static charges arise when different materials rub against plastics, as is known, for example, when pulling a synthetic fiber sweater over your head or when walking across a synthetic fiber carpet. The human body or other conductive objects such as metallic parts charge to a corresponding potential, which can lead to a discharge or sparking when touched with oppositely charged potentials. Depending on the potential and stored energy, this discharge can also lead to currents that are harmful to health through the human body.

When using conventional steel cables, such electrostatic charges generally do not occur or such a charge can be introduced into the crane structure or crane structure via the steel cable and deflection pulleys and/or attachment points, by means of which the cable is deflected or attached to the boom or tower, for example . whose steel construction is derived. With regard to the charging of crane cables and their derivation, it is known to connect the steel structure of the crane when working on overhead lines via a grounding cable to the grounded railway or tram rails or another grounding potential when the crane is working in the area of overhead lines or power lines and there is a risk of the crane hoist rope touching the overhead line.

However, when using high-strength fiber ropes, there is no such self-discharge into the crane structure, so that when handling the load hook or There is a risk of electric shock when touching an object attached to the fiber rope.

Various measures have already been proposed to divert or reduce electrostatic charges from the fiber rope or the rope harness in order to minimize the dangers posed by the static charges. For example, the document DE 10 2020 108 990 A1 proposes a tower crane with an electrostatic discharge device, in which a contact element in contact with the fiber rope in the form of a contact brush, a contact roller or a contact carriage is electrically conductively connected to the steel structure of the tower crane in order to to dissipate electrostatic charges via the boom and the tower.

JP 2004 - 161 411 A also suggests connecting the trolley of a crane to a grounded crane part via a ground cable and connecting the lower block carrying the load hook to the thereby grounded trolley via a lead cable.

Furthermore, the document DE 10 2007 042 680 B4 proposes a helicopter rescue winch with a high-strength fiber rope into which electrically conductive fibers are woven in order to be able to dissipate electrostatic voltages.

Based on this, the present invention is based on the object of creating an improved lifting device of the type mentioned, which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art and further develops the latter in an advantageous manner. In particular, reliable protection against electric shocks should be achieved in a simple manner and the problem of electrostatic charges in the rope harness attached to the high-strength fiber rope should be defused.

According to the invention, the stated object is achieved by a hoist according to claim 1. Preferred embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims. It is therefore proposed to dissipate the static charge that builds up on the rope harness directly to the environment or ambient air in order to reduce the potential difference to a tolerable level or to keep it at a harmless, low level. According to the invention, the electrostatic discharge device comprises at least one protruding electrostatic discharge dome attached to the rope harness.

Such a discharge dome absorbs electrostatic charges from the rope harness and concentrates them at its tip area, from which the charges can be released into the environment. This phenomenon is sometimes called peak effect and is based on the fact that field lines of an electric field on conductor surfaces are always at right angles, which causes an increase in field line density with the curvature of the surface. The smaller the curvature of the conductor surface and therefore the more pointed the surface becomes, the greater the field strength and thus the electrical forces. Through this peak effect phenomenon, a discharge dome can release electrostatic charge to the surroundings, whereby it is assumed that electrons can be detached from the body of the discharge dome. By dissipating the charges directly into the environment, there is no need for conductive ground connections from the cable harness to the steel structure, which are not easy to accomplish but can also be provided.

The discharge dome does not necessarily have to be contoured like a rose dome, but can have one or more tapered end sections which have a very small radius of curvature or can actually taper in a mathematical sense, the dome tip preferably being uniformly three-dimensional in the manner of a cone tip or a pyramid tip can be tapered or contoured, but can also be irregular or differently tapered on different sides, for example in the manner of a sharpened flat iron or a plate-shaped arrowhead. Such discharge domes are sometimes also referred to with the technical term “static wicks” or “static discharge wicks”, whereby the term “wicks” corresponds to such discharge domes or “static Wicks” can also include discharge tips or points that protrude like a fringe, which can stick out in the manner of the shaggies of a wick.

Depending on the hoist, one or more cable harnesses can be provided for the fiber rope, which deflect and/or articulate the fiber rope, in an advantageous development of the invention, in particular, at least one discharge dome is assigned to the rope harnesses, which are spaced from grounded hoist structures and/or in the vicinity from people and therefore pose a risk of electric shock.

In particular, the at least one discharge mandrel can be provided on a rope harness which has at least one deflection roller for deflecting the fiber rope and a harness carrier on which said deflection roller is rotatably mounted. The discharge mandrel can advantageously be attached to the crockery carrier mentioned, in particular rigidly fastened thereto. As a result, the discharge dome can be attached directly to the dish carrier without sliding or rolling contacts, although in an alternative or additional development it can also be provided that the discharge dome can be in contact with the rotating deflection roller. However, attaching it to the dish rack, which rotatably supports the deflection roller mentioned, is much simpler and nevertheless effective.

In particular, the cable harness, on which the at least one discharge dome is provided, can form the lower block of the hoist, to which a load-carrying device such as a load hook or another holding device such as clamping jaws, mushroom head grippers or similar fastening devices can be attached.

The discharge dome mentioned can be attached to a body of the lower block, on which, on the one hand, at least one deflection roller is rotatably mounted and, on the other hand, the load-carrying device mentioned can be attached.

Advantageously, said discharge dome can be attached to a comparatively thin-walled section or element of the cable harness, in particular to the section or element of the cable harness with the thinnest cross section. The discharge mandrel can advantageously be attached to one end of such a thin-walled cable harness section.

Attaching the discharge dome to the end of a thin-walled section is based on the idea that the charge accumulation of the positively or negatively charged ions is not evenly distributed on the cable harness. The ions preferably collect at the ends of the thinnest cross-section of the rope harness, so that the ions can be dissipated most effectively at the ends of the thinnest cross-section towards earth.

In a further development of the invention, the rope harness can have a side wall, which can be designed, for example, in the form of a plate or sheet, wherein a rib can advantageously be attached to the side wall mentioned, which can, for example, have an upright course or, alternatively, a horizontal course. Regardless of the course, said rib can advantageously be thinner in cross section than said side wall, with said rib in particular also being able to form the thinnest cross section of the rope harness.

Said discharge dome can advantageously be attached to said rib, in particular be attached to an end section of said rib and cantilever or protrude from there. In particular, the discharge dome can, so to speak, continue the said rib or protrude beyond the end of the rib in the longitudinal direction of the rib. Due to the mentioned effect that the charge collects more on thin-walled sections, especially at their ends, the discharge dome can dissipate the charge particularly effectively with such an arrangement.

In particular, the discharge dome can project downwardly from the rope harness, in particular the rib mentioned, and/or can project vertically downwards from the rope harness or a rope harness section. In a further development of the invention, the discharge dome can protrude beyond an outer contour of the rope harness and/or cantilever out beyond the outer contour of the rope harness towards the surroundings. In particular, the tip of the discharge dome can form the point furthest away from the body of the rope harness. By arranging the discharge dome above the outer contour of the cable harness, the static charge can be efficiently released into the environment. In particular, the discharge dome can protrude downwards beyond a rope harness contour from a rib attached to the outside of the rope harness.

Alternatively or in addition to such a discharge dome projecting over the outer contour, a discharge dome can also be provided in a further development of the invention, which extends within the enveloping contour of the rope harness and / or does not protrude beyond the enveloping contour of the rope harness, the discharge dome nevertheless being cantilevered or protruding may be appropriate. In particular, the discharge dome can be attached to a rope harness part positioned on the inside, from which the discharge dome protrudes towards the surroundings, but not beyond the envelope contour of the rope harness.

For example, the cable harness can have two spaced-apart side walls, for example in the form of support plates, between which a cable harness part is provided on the inside, to which the discharge dome can be attached. In this case, the discharge dome protrudes from the inside rope harness part, but extends within or between the two side walls of the rope harness, the edges or end sections of which can span the outer contour of the rope harness, within which the discharge dome is arranged.

The inner cable harness part mentioned can be, for example, a rib attached to the side wall, from which the discharge dome can protrude. Such an arrangement of the discharge mandrel within the outer contour of the rope harness can avoid damage to the discharge dome due to the rope harness hitting walls, stones or similarly hard contours and also avoid the risk of injury when handling the rope harness.

Advantageously, in the arrangement mentioned, the discharge mandrel can extend within the outer contour of the cable harness at a distance from the side walls mentioned and/or can only be attached with its root area or foot area to the internal cable harness element, from which the relief dome protrudes in a free-standing manner. The mentioned internal rope harness element can be, for example, the aforementioned rib.

In principle, it may be sufficient to attach just one discharge dome to the rope harness. In an alternative development of the invention, several discharge domes can also be attached to the cable harness, whereby such several discharge domes can in particular project towards different sides and/or can be arranged on different sides of the cable harness. For example, two discharge domes can be arranged on opposite side contours of the rope harness and/or cantilever out from the rope harness towards opposite sides.

In particular, two discharge domes can be attached to diagonally opposite side sections of the cable harness. For example, the cable harness can have two ribs on diagonally opposite side sections, to which the aforementioned discharge domes can be attached. Both discharge domes can be arranged hanging downwards.

Regardless of the previously described arrangement of the at least one discharge mandrel within the enveloping contour of the cable harness, it can be advantageous in a further development of the invention to arrange the discharge dome between two side walls and/or side plates or metal harness plates. The positioning of the discharge tip between two side plates or walls can advantageously lead to an increase in the field strength and thus to an increased discharge of the electrons, whereby an increase in the discharge of up to 20% or up to 30% or even more can be achieved by cleverly arranging the discharge dome between the side walls.

The discharge dome mentioned can be arranged centrally between two tableware plates or walls. Regardless of this, the discharge dome between the dishware walls can be arranged approximately parallel to one or both dishware walls. In particular, the mentioned dishware walls can be spaced apart from one another and arranged parallel to one another, with the discharge dome being arranged centrally between the parallel dishware walls and aligned parallel to the dishware walls.

Alternatively or additionally, the discharge dome arranged between two dishes walls can be arranged partially between the dishes walls and partially projecting over the dishes walls. In particular, the tip of the discharge dome can protrude beyond the envelope contour around the mentioned dishware walls.

In a further development of the invention, the discharge dome can have a flattened cross section, for example contoured in the manner of a flat iron, which is tapered or tapered towards one end.

In a further development of the invention, the discharge dome can be designed as a flat, elongated or strip-shaped or band-shaped panel that tapers towards one end or has a tapering contour.

The flat sides or the surfaces of the discharge dome do not actually need to be flat or flat or smooth, but can, for example, have a corrugation when viewed in cross section or be provided with groove-like indentations on the surface side. In principle, however, it is also possible to design the discharge dome with a smooth outer surface. In a further development of the invention, the discharge dome can have a tapering contour, in particular conical or arrowhead-like, over more than 50% or more than 75% of its length.

In an advantageous development of the invention, the discharge dome can taper towards its tip at a tip angle of less than 45° or less than 30° or even less than 20°.

The discharge dome can be made of metal, and various metal alloys can be used, especially those with good conduction coefficients. The discharge dome can consist entirely or partially of metal.

In an alternative development of the invention, other materials can also be considered for the discharge dome, for example in the form of a non-metallic core, which can have a metallic or an electrically conductive outer coating.

The invention is explained in more detail below using a preferred exemplary embodiment and associated drawings. Shown in the drawings:

Fig. 1: a side view of a hoist in the form of a tower crane according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, with a hoist rope running from the boom of the crane via a trolley, to which a rope harness in the form of a bottom block is articulated, which carries a load-carrying device in the form of a load hook ,

Fig. 2: a side view of the rope harness on the hoist rope of the crane from Fig. 1, with a discharge dome projecting beyond its outer contour being attached to the rope harness,

Fig. 3: a side view of the rope harness similar to Fig. 2, with a discharge mandrel being mounted within the outer contour of the rope harness, partial view a) being a side view of the rope harness and partial view b). shows a sectional view of the rope harness along line AA in partial view a),

4: a view of the discharge dome, with partial view a) showing a side view and partial view b) showing a sectional view along the line AA in partial view a),

Fig. 5: a side view of the discharge dome and a side plate of the cable harness with the resulting field lines projecting at right angles to the surfaces,

Fig. 6: a view of a discharge dome between two side walls of the cable harness according to an advantageous development of the invention, which can achieve an increase in the field strength and thus an increased dissipation of the electrostatic charges, and

Fig. 7: a perspective view of the rope harness of the hoist from Fig. 1 with an arrangement of two discharge domes according to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, with thin-walled ribs being attached to side plates of the rope harness, at the ends of which a discharge dome is attached.

As Figure 1 shows, the hoist can be designed as a crane 1, for example in the form of a tower crane, the hoist rope 4 of which can run from a boom 5, wherein said hoist rope 4 can be a high-strength fiber rope.

The mentioned hoist rope 4 can run from a trolley 2, which can be moved along the boom 5 by a trolley drive. The hoist rope 4 is deflected on the trolley 2 by a rope harness and can be collected and lowered by a hoist drive.

If the crane 1 is designed as a tower crane, said boom 5 can sit on a tower 6, with the boom 5 relative to the tower 6 in a top-slewing operation and in the case of a bottom slewing device, together with the tower 6, it can be pivoted by a slewing gear about an upright axis of rotation. If necessary, the boom 5 can also be luffed up and down, for which a luffing drive can be provided, for example in the form of a stranding, which can have a high-strength fiber rope, for example, or one or more luffing cylinders.

Regardless of a possible luffing capability, the boom 5 can also have a bracing, such bracing possibly also comprising a high-strength fiber rope.

In order to be able to dissipate electrostatic charges induced by the high-strength fiber rope 4, be it when using the high-strength fiber rope as a hoist rope 4 or as a stranding of a luffing gear or as a guy stranding, the crane 1 further comprises an electrostatic discharge device 7, which removes electrostatic charges from the fiber rope and / or from an associated rope harness that deflects and/or guides the fiber rope.

In particular, the discharge device 7 can be provided to dissipate electrostatic charge from the rope harness 3, which is provided at the lower end of the hoist rope 4 and can form its lower block, to which the hoist rope 4 is deflected and a load-carrying device 8 can be attached, for example in the form of a load hook .

Said rope harness 3 can include at least one deflection roller 9, which can be rotatably mounted on a harness carrier 10 and deflects the rope 4.

As Figures 2 and 3 show, said crockery carrier 10 can have, for example, two side plates 11 or crockery walls, which are arranged at a distance from one another, so that, for example, the deflection roller 9 mentioned can be arranged between the side plates 11. If several deflection rollers 9 are provided, they can be arranged in a block between the side plates 11 mentioned. The side plates 11 can also carry the bearings that rotatably support the one or more deflection rollers 9. 2 and 3 also show, the load-carrying means 8 is attached to the crockery carrier 10, for example in the form of the load hook, whereby the crockery carrier 10 can have, for example, a bearing plate 12 or a bearing block between the side plates 11 mentioned in order to carry the load hook.

In order to dissipate the electrostatic charges from the rope harness 3, the discharge device 7 has at least one discharge dome 13, which can be attached to the harness carrier 10, in particular rigidly fastened.

The discharge mandrel 13 can, for example, be attached directly to one of the side plates 11, or to an internal tableware part such as the bearing plate 12, to which the load hook or the load-carrying device 8 can be attached. Alternatively or additionally, the crockery carrier 10 can also include cross-bracing profiles that connect the two bearing plates 12 to one another, wherein the or another discharge mandrel 13 can be attached to such a cross-member profile.

In particular, the discharge mandrel 13 can be attached to a thin-walled section of the cable harness 3. Advantageously, the discharge dome 13 can be attached to a cable harness section which has the thinnest cross-section comparatively, ie in comparison to the other sections of the cable harness and/or the other outside sections of the cable harness. 6 shows, one or more thin-walled ribs 11r can be provided on the side plates 11 mentioned, which can, for example, run in an upright direction on the outside of the side plates 11. The ribs or webs 11 r mentioned are thinner in cross section than the side plates 11, with the ribs or webs 11 r mentioned in particular forming the thinnest-walled section of the rope harness 3 or being able to have the thinnest cross section of the rope harness 3. As Fig. 7 shows, the discharge mandrel 13 can be attached to one of the ribs 11 r mentioned, in particular to a rib end and project from the rib end, preferably cantilevered in the longitudinal direction of the rib mentioned.

If the said rib 11 r extends in an upright direction on the side plate 11, the discharge mandrel 13 can be attached to the lower end of the said rib 11 r and can project downwards from there, cf. Fig. 7.

In particular, two discharge mandrels 13 can be attached to diagonally opposite sections of the rope harness 3, in particular on ribs or webs 11r, which are attached to diagonally opposite sections of the rope harness 3, cf. Fig. 7.

As Figures 2 and 7 show, the discharge dome 13 can be designed to project from the body of the dish rack 10 towards the surroundings and to project beyond the outer contour.

3 shows, the discharge dome 13 can also be arranged within an envelope contour of the harness carrier 10, in particular within the interior of the harness carrier 10 lying between the two side plates 11, so that at least when viewing the rope harness 3 in a viewing direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the harness Deflection roller 9 of the discharge dome 13 can remain invisible or largely invisible because it recedes behind a contour, cf. Fig. 3a.

Nevertheless, even with an internal arrangement of the discharge mandrel 13, a projecting or projecting positioning can be provided. In particular, the discharge dome 13 can be attached to the mentioned internal crockery part, such as the bearing plate 12, and can be arranged to project from it towards the outside of the crockery carrier, see FIG. 3b. In this case, the discharge mandrel 13 protrudes from the inside rope harness part 12, but extends within or between the two side walls 11 of the rope harness 3, the edges or end sections of which span the outer contour of the rope harness 3, within which the discharge mandrel 13 is arranged.

Such an arrangement of the discharge mandrel 13 within the outer contour of the rope harness 3 can not only avoid damage to the discharge mandrel due to the rope harness 3 hitting walls, stones or similarly hard contours, but also a risk of injury when handling the rope harness 3.

Advantageously, in the arrangement mentioned, the discharge mandrel 13 can extend within the outer contour of the cable harness 3 at a distance from the side walls 11 mentioned and/or can only be attached with its root area or foot area to the internal cable harness element 12, from which the relief dome 13 protrudes in a free-standing manner.

Regardless of the described arrangement of the at least one discharge dome 13 within the outer contour of the rope harness 3, it can be advantageous in a further development of the invention to arrange the discharge dome 13 between two rope harness walls and/or side plates or metal harness plates 11, see Figure 6. The positioning of the discharge tip 13 between two preferably flat sheets or walls 11 can advantageously lead to an increase in the field strength and thus to an increased dissipation of the electrons, with clever arrangement of the discharge dome 13 between the dish plates 11, cf. Figure 6, increasing the dissipation by up to 20% or up to 30% or even more can be achieved.

The discharge dome 13 mentioned can be arranged centrally between the two tableware plates or walls 11, see FIG. 6. Independently of this, the discharge dome 13 can be arranged between the tableware walls 11 approximately parallel to one or both tableware walls 11. In particular, the dish walls 11 mentioned can be spaced apart from one another and arranged parallel to one another, with the discharge dome 13 centrally between the parallel, flat dish walls 11 can be arranged and aligned parallel to the dish walls 11, see Figure 6.

In a further development of the invention, the discharge mandrel 13 can have a flattened cross-section, see FIG.

In a further development of the invention, the discharge dome 13 can be designed as a flat, elongated or strip-shaped or band-shaped panel which tapers towards one end 13s or has a tapering contour.

The flat sides or the surfaces of the discharge mandrel 13 do not actually need to be flat or flat or smooth, but can, for example, have a corrugation 14 when viewed in cross section or be provided with groove-like indentations on the surface side, see Figure 4. But in principle it is also the case possible to design the discharge dome 13 with a smooth outer surface.

In a further development of the invention, the discharge dome 13 can have a tapering contour, in particular conical or arrowhead-like, over more than 50% or more than 75% of its length, see Figures 4 and 5.

In an advantageous development of the invention, the discharge dome 13 can taper towards its tip at a tip angle of less than 45° or less than 30° or even less than 20°.

Claims

Claims Hoist, in particular a crane (1) such as a tower crane, with a high-strength fiber rope (4), a rope harness (3) for deflecting and / or articulating the fiber rope (4), and an electrostatic discharge device (7) for dissipating electrostatic charges from the fiber rope (4) and/or from the rope harness (3), characterized in that the electrostatic discharge device (7) has at least one protruding electrostatic discharge dome (13) attached to the rope harness (3). Hoist according to the preceding claim, wherein the rope harness (3) comprises at least one deflection roller (9) for deflecting the fiber rope (4) and a harness carrier (10) on which said deflection roller (9) is rotatably mounted, the at least one discharge mandrel is attached to the crockery carrier (10). Hoist according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the rope harness (3) forms a lower block of a hoist rope and carries a load-carrying means (8), for example in the form of a load hook, and the at least one discharge dome (13) is attached to said lower block. Hoist according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the discharge mandrel (13) protrudes over an outer contour and/or over an outer contour of the cable harness (3) and cantilevers out towards the surroundings. Hoist according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the cable harness (3) comprises sections with a thicker cross-section and sections with a thinner cross-section, the discharge dome (13) being attached to a section with a thinner cross-section, in particular at an end of said section with a thinner cross-section. Hoist according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the cable harness (3) has a preferably plate- or sheet-shaped side wall on which a rib (11 r) is attached, which is thinner in cross-section than the side wall, the discharge dome (13). one end of said rib (11 r) is attached. Hoist according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the discharge mandrel (13) is attached to the cable harness (3) hanging and/or projecting vertically downwards. Hoist according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the or a further discharge dome (13) is arranged within an envelope contour of the cable harness (3) and is arranged on a cable harness part (12) arranged on the inside, from which the discharge dome (13) protrudes and towards the environment cantilevered freely. Hoist according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the discharge mandrel (13) is arranged between two side walls, for example side plates (11), of the cable harness (3). Hoist according to the preceding claim, wherein the discharge dome is arranged centrally between the side walls and extends parallel to the side walls. Hoist according to one of the two preceding claims, wherein the discharge mandrel (13) partially extends in the space between the two side walls and partially projects beyond the side walls. Hoist according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the discharge mandrel (13) tapers towards its freely projecting end section and/or continuously tapers towards the projecting end section. Hoist according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the discharge mandrel (13) has a tip angle (14) of less than 45° or less than 30° or less than 20°. Hoist according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the discharge mandrel (13) has an elongated contour whose maximum width is less than 40% or less than 30% of the length. Hoist according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the discharge mandrel (13) has a flattened and/or flat iron-like contour and is contoured like an arrowhead on its narrow sides. Hoist according to the preceding claim, wherein the discharge dome is corrugated when viewed in cross section and/or has surface grooves (15) running in the longitudinal direction. Hoist according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the discharge mandrel (13) is made of metal. Hoist according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a plurality of discharge domes (13) are provided on the cable harness (3), preferably arranged on different sides and/or positioned projecting towards different sides.