WO2024002840A2 - Installation comprenant un circuit de réfrigération et module de commande pour une telle installation - Google Patents

Installation comprenant un circuit de réfrigération et module de commande pour une telle installation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024002840A2
WO2024002840A2 PCT/EP2023/066887 EP2023066887W WO2024002840A2 WO 2024002840 A2 WO2024002840 A2 WO 2024002840A2 EP 2023066887 W EP2023066887 W EP 2023066887W WO 2024002840 A2 WO2024002840 A2 WO 2024002840A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
control module
circuit
cooling
control
speed
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2023/066887
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2024002840A3 (fr
Original Assignee
Glen Dimplex Deutschland Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Glen Dimplex Deutschland Gmbh filed Critical Glen Dimplex Deutschland Gmbh
Publication of WO2024002840A2 publication Critical patent/WO2024002840A2/fr
Publication of WO2024002840A3 publication Critical patent/WO2024002840A3/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
    • F25B25/005—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00 using primary and secondary systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
    • F24F1/06—Separate outdoor units, e.g. outdoor unit to be linked to a separate room comprising a compressor and a heat exchanger
    • F24F1/20—Electric components for separate outdoor units
    • F24F1/24—Cooling of electric components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
    • F25B31/006—Cooling of compressor or motor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/89—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F25B1/005—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle of the single unit type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system, in particular a refrigeration system with a refrigeration circuit.
  • the invention further relates to a control module for controlling the operation of such a system.
  • the system is specifically a system for commercial or industrial use; it is specifically designed as a refrigeration system.
  • the system can also be a heat pump system.
  • the systems in focus here have a heating or cooling output of typically more than 10 kW, preferably more than 50 kW or even more than 100 kW and, for example, up to 1000 kW (refrigeration) output.
  • the output of modern systems is regulated as required.
  • Components such as compressors, pumps or fans with variable speeds are used for this purpose.
  • To A frequency converter is required to control such variable-speed components. Due to their high performance, they typically also require cooling.
  • control takes place via an industrial control cabinet in which the required control components are snapped onto top-hat rails, for example.
  • the individual components must be wired on site.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying such a system which enables energy-efficient operation while at the same time keeping costs low and with little assembly effort.
  • a system in particular a previously described commercial or industrial refrigeration system, which has a refrigeration circuit and connections for a further circuit connected to it during operation and in the assembled state for a fluid carried therein.
  • a refrigeration system this is in particular a coolant circuit for cooling components, such as commercial or industrial system components, e.g. refrigerated counters, cold rooms, medical devices, etc., or is used to provide cold for industrial processes.
  • the fluid is a coolant, also known as a coolant.
  • the system is a heat pump system to provide heat on the consumer side.
  • the other circuit in this case is a heating circuit.
  • the fluid is then a heating fluid such as heating water.
  • the system typically has a system housing and the further circuit can be connected to the connections on the system housing.
  • Hydraulic components such as valves are typically already located within the system housing or pumps for circulating the fluid of the further circuit are integrated.
  • the additional circuit is an additional part of the system.
  • the refrigeration circuit has an evaporator with a variable-speed fan, a variable-speed compressor, a condenser and an expansion valve/throttle element.
  • the system also has a variable-speed pump for pumping and circulating a fluid, in particular coolant, which is carried in the further circuit during operation. This pump is arranged inside the system housing.
  • the variable-speed components namely the fan, compressor and pump, are in particular speed-controlled components.
  • a control module with power electronics is also provided, the power electronics having frequency converters for controlling the variable-speed components.
  • the control module is a structural unit, specifically a compact structural unit, in which the power electronics are integrated.
  • the control module is preferably arranged as an independent structural unit, for example within the system housing or attached to the system housing.
  • This structural unit in particular has a module housing in which the power electronics and preferably further control and regulation electronics are accommodated.
  • the previously mentioned components of the system are preferably preconfigured for connection on site, for example to a piping of the further circuit.
  • the power electronics itself is in turn preferably a power module designed as a structural unit, in which the respective frequency converters are implemented with corresponding electronic power circuits.
  • the object is further achieved by such a control module, via which the operation of such a system with a refrigeration circuit can be controlled and is controlled during operation.
  • control module is preferably also intended and used for other systems, in particular cooling systems and cooling systems, in which, for example, no refrigeration circuit is controlled via the control module and / or the system does not necessarily have a refrigeration circuit.
  • control module only has power electronics with a frequency converter for other variable-speed components such as pumps in a coolant circuit.
  • An example of such a further system are cooling systems in which a consumer-side cooling circuit is coupled with a primary circuit for heat dissipation.
  • the primary circuit can be a normal water circuit, for example a domestic water network, or alternatively a refrigeration circuit.
  • the control module preferably controls the entire cooling system/the entire cooling system, especially the heat exchangers, circulation pumps, temperature control circuits with multi-way valves, etc. installed in it.
  • the invention is therefore not necessarily limited to systems with a refrigeration circuit, but can also be applied to a previously described cooling system, which typically, among other things, has a liquid/liquid heat exchanger and pumps as well as valves.
  • variable speed components By integrating the frequency converters required for the variable-speed components into a common, uniform structural unit, in particular into the common power module, the need for several individual frequency converters as separate structural units for the different ones is eliminated variable speed components. This measure can save costs and the assembly effort is also low.
  • the necessary power electronics for forming the frequency converters for the (all) variable-speed components are arranged on a common circuit board.
  • the control module has an integrated cooling plate for cooling the power electronics.
  • the power module is specifically arranged on or on the cooling plate.
  • the power module, in particular the circuit board is in thermally conductive contact with the cooling plate.
  • the circuit board or the power module rests over the entire surface of the cooling plate.
  • a cooling fluid flows through the cooling plate. This achieves a high cooling performance.
  • control module expediently has cooling fluid connections through which fluid from the system is supplied to the control module during operation, i.e. the cooling fluid connections are connected to a fluid line in the system.
  • cooling fluid connections through which fluid from the system is supplied to the control module during operation, i.e. the cooling fluid connections are connected to a fluid line in the system.
  • control module is expediently connected to the further circuit via the cooling fluid connections, in particular to a hydraulic part the further circuit is connected within the system housing.
  • the cooling plate is therefore cooled in particular using the coolant of the further circuit (coolant circuit).
  • the refrigerant of the refrigeration circuit is used for cooling.
  • the cooling fluid connections are connected to the refrigeration circuit in a suitable manner.
  • an individual cooling circuit is provided for cooling the cooling plate, which is connected via a heat exchanger either to the further circuit or also to the cooling circuit for transmitting the required cooling capacity.
  • the cooling plate is in thermally conductive contact with a component of the refrigeration circuit for cooling purposes, in particular with the evaporator.
  • the cooling plate and thus the control module as a whole are therefore attached directly to a cold component of the refrigerant circuit, specifically to the evaporator.
  • the cooling plate lies, for example, directly on a cold outside of the components, in particular of the evaporator. This is preferably a plate heat exchanger.
  • additional cooling via a cooling fluid and thus also the cooling fluid connections are preferably dispensed with.
  • the cooling via direct thermally conductive contact with the component is supplemented by cooling via a cooling fluid via the cooling fluid connections.
  • the cooling power required for the control module and especially for the power module is provided exclusively via the cooling plate and further, in particular active, cooling measures for cooling the control module or the power electronics, for example by fans, are dispensed with.
  • the control module also has a heating element. This is preferably designed to heat the cooling fluid which flows through the cooling plate. As a result of this measure, heat is specifically introduced into the fluid, in particular coolant, of the further circuit during operation if necessary. This results in an overall increase in the coolant temperature.
  • the heating element - particularly in the embodiment in which the cooling plate and / or the control module is attached directly to the evaporator - serves to introduce heat into the evaporator and thus also indirectly into the coolant of the coolant circuit.
  • This temperature increase is preferably controlled in such a way that the formation of condensate on a heat exchanger through which the cooling fluid flows is at least reduced or avoided.
  • a suitable intelligent control of the coolant temperature increase takes into account in particular the ambient temperature specifically at such a heat exchanger, the air humidity and / or the temperature of the cooling fluid.
  • control module has a connection for a flow and a return flow of the cooling fluid.
  • the heating element preferably increases the return temperature during operation, i.e. H. the heating element is arranged in the flow direction at the end of or following the cooling plate. This measure allows the temperature of the cooling fluid to be raised if necessary.
  • an electrical resistance heater is used as the heating element.
  • a control circuit is preferably integrated within the control module, via which the heating element is controlled depending on sensor signals (e.g. air temperature, coolant temperature, air humidity etc.
  • sensor signals e.g. air temperature, coolant temperature, air humidity etc.
  • overtemperature protection specifically an overtemperature safety circuit, is also implemented in the control module.
  • control module also has connections for data signals from or for sensors and actuators of the system.
  • the control module specifically has connections for all sensors and actuators in the system.
  • control module is designed and designed in a preferred embodiment for the complete control of the system.
  • Further control components which would have to be additionally arranged in a control cabinet, for example, are preferably dispensed with.
  • control module In addition to controlling the performance components such as pumps, compressors and fans, all regulations and controls required for the operation of the system are also integrated in the control module. This particularly applies to the control of valves, e.g. an (electronic) expansion valve and/or another multi-way valve in the refrigeration circuit.
  • phase monitoring and/or a switching power supply are preferably integrated, via which the electrical power for the system is switched.
  • the system is supplied with electrical power in particular via a multi-phase (three-phase) connection.
  • the supply voltage is several hundred volts, e.g. 400 volts.
  • the control is optimized in particular with regard to the highest possible energy efficiency. This is supported by the integral training provided by the control module.
  • control module is therefore an integrated control module for the entire system, which is arranged in particular within a compact module housing.
  • the control module and thus the module housing preferably has a size in the range of (250mm to 400mm) length * (100mm to 200mm) width * (100mm up to 200mm) height, and specifically a size of 320mm *150mm*150mm (+/- 20% per dimension).
  • the control module preferably has connections for the electrical and, if necessary, the hydraulic connection on the outside of the module housing.
  • the module housing is usually closed, in particular the individual housing parts are connected to one another, for example via screws, and an interior is not accessible - for example through doors or other lockable openings.
  • the module housing On the outside, the module housing has the necessary electrical and, if necessary, hydraulic connections.
  • the system is generally designed for a thermal power, in particular cooling power, of greater than 10kW, in particular greater than 50kW and especially greater than 100kW or even greater than 500kW.
  • the thermal output is, for example, in the range of up to 1000kW.
  • control cabinet that is otherwise common in such systems.
  • conventional switching devices and/or control devices and, if necessary, communication modules are typically snapped onto top-hat rails.
  • control module In order to make the control module as integrated as possible, the control module also has a communication interface for data signals from an input unit (user interface), alternatively or additionally for a remote maintenance interface or for communication with other systems.
  • input unit user interface
  • remote maintenance interface for communication with other systems.
  • control module is designed to process the data signals. This means that, on the one hand, incoming data signals, for example sensor signals, signals from the actuators or the communication signals mentioned are received, processed and converted into corresponding further signals.
  • control module is also designed to output communication and control signals processed in this way or other in order to appropriately control the system and/or with external units, such as For example, a user interface, remote maintenance or exchanging data with other devices.
  • control module therefore has, in addition to the power module, at least one further module, which has a corresponding circuit board with switching and electronic elements integrated thereon.
  • control module one or more and preferably all of the following components are integrated in the control module:
  • Phase monitoring is preferably integrated, through which the system is protected with regard to phase loss, phase inequality and phase reversal. Separate phase monitoring is preferably dispensed with.
  • a switching power supply is preferably also integrated in the control module, via which the required voltage supply for the components of the system, in particular for all components of the system, is provided.
  • the individual components of the system especially the variable-speed components, are supplied with the required electrical power via the control module and, in particular, are also controlled with a suitable control voltage.
  • a valve control for at least one and preferably several and in particular all motor-driven valves of the system is also integrated in the control module.
  • a valve control for at least one and preferably several and in particular all motor-driven valves of the system is also integrated in the control module.
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a refrigeration system
  • FIG. 4 shows a further variant of a control module in an exploded view
  • FIG. 5 shows a greatly simplified, partial block diagram representation of a system
  • FIG. 6 shows an exemplary block diagram representation, in particular of the control module.
  • FIG. 1 and Figure 2 each show a system 2, in particular a refrigeration system, to which a coolant circuit 4 is connected as a further circuit during operation.
  • the system 2 has a system housing 6, which typically has a frame made of profile rails and the side walls of which are covered with metal sheets.
  • the system housing 6 accommodates components of a refrigeration circuit 8. These are in particular at least one heat exchanger, in the exemplary embodiment as a refrigeration system an evaporator 10, a variable-speed compressor 12 and in particular a throttle element designed as an electronically controlled expansion valve 14.
  • a second heat exchanger is arranged within the system housing 6, which in the exemplary embodiment is designed as a refrigerant system as a capacitor 16.
  • This capacitor 16 is assigned at least one fan and, in the exemplary embodiment, two fans 18 designed as fans to dissipate the heat to the environment. These are also speed controlled.
  • Some hydraulic components of the coolant circuit 4 are already arranged within the system housing 6. This applies in particular to a coolant pump 24.
  • the hydraulic components of the coolant circuit 4 installed within the system housing 6 are connected to the remaining coolant circuit 4 in the connected state via hydraulic interfaces and hydraulic couplings which are arranged on the system housing 6.
  • the coolant circuit 4 is routed via the evaporator 10, so that cold comes from Refrigeration circuit 8 is transferred to the coolant circuit 4.
  • the coolant circuit 4 has a further heat exchanger 26, which releases the cold on the consumer side, for example to a refrigerated counter.
  • control module 22 is attached directly to the system housing 6 on a side wall, which preferably controls all functions of the entire system 2.
  • control module 22 can also be arranged inside the system housing 6 at a suitable location.
  • the system 2 is in particular a refrigeration system with a cooling capacity of preferably more than 10 kW, in particular more than 50 kW, more preferably more than 100 kW up to 1000 kW of cooling capacity.
  • a refrigeration system with a cooling capacity of preferably more than 10 kW, in particular more than 50 kW, more preferably more than 100 kW up to 1000 kW of cooling capacity.
  • it can also be a heat pump with a corresponding heating output of the same magnitude.
  • An important aspect is the speed control of some of the main components of the system 2. These are in particular the compressor 12, the at least one coolant pump 24 or further pumps and the fans 18.
  • these components are each controlled with their own speed controller, which means, for example, a speed controller is installed in the compressor or in the pump.
  • Conventional fans are a combination of EC technology and speed control.
  • the speed controllers are therefore conventionally installed individually.
  • Frequency converters are used for the speed controllers.
  • the electrical components of the speed controller are conventionally air-cooled.
  • the power electronics are therefore very limited in their application and ambient temperatures; the compressor frequency converters often have a limit of 45°C ambient temperature.
  • the individual components in the electrical control cabinet are separately electrically protected, for example with motor protection switches. This leads to switch boxes of a larger dimension.
  • the first aspect aimed at is higher energy efficiency.
  • cooling systems for cooling industrial processes for example, are gradually being regulated based on their energy efficiency (cooling capacity compared to electrical power consumption).
  • the traditional method for precisely controlling the outlet temperature in process chillers is to divert hot gas from the compressor outlet to the evaporator inlet with a motorized hot gas bypass valve.
  • This technique regulates the amount of refrigerant flowing through the condenser to control refrigeration capacity.
  • the problem with this technique is that the compressor is constantly running at full power, doing work to compress the refrigerant vapor, even though it is not fully used for cooling.
  • the current state of the art for precise temperature control in process chillers is the use of variable speed brushless DC compressors.
  • variable speed compressors The advantage of using variable speed compressors is that the compressor speed can be modulated to regulate the precise amount of refrigerant mass flow through the refrigeration system required for the applied heat load.
  • This system does not require a hot gas bypass valve and the compressor only performs the minimum amount of work required for the heat load.
  • the system presented here therefore does not require such a hot gas bypass line.
  • Coolant pump 24 In addition to speed-controlled compressors, modern systems also use speed-controlled fans so that the fans deliver exactly the amount of air required to maintain the desired compressor pressure, but not less.
  • the third element that influences the energy efficiency of process refrigeration machines is the coolant pump 24.
  • the system designer does not know the exact pressure drop that will occur in the refrigeration system. Therefore, refrigeration systems 2 are often oversized Coolant pumps 24 are designed that use a serial throttle or bypass valve to control the flow rate of coolant through the process. Any time a valve is used to regulate the flow of a pump, it means the pump is doing unnecessary work that is converted to heat by the pressure drop across the valve. This additional heat is absorbed by the coolant and must be dissipated by the refrigeration system.
  • the most modern solution to controlling coolant flow is to operate the coolant pump 24 with a variable frequency drive so that the pump speed can be adjusted to provide the exact coolant flow required for the application.
  • a second aspect of the present invention is the simplification of the product portfolio.
  • the refrigeration systems 2 provided by a manufacturer are used in a variety of applications ranging from medical imaging to laser cutting to semiconductor manufacturing. Each application has unique requirements for heat load, ambient temperature, coolant temperature, coolant supply pressure, coolant flow rate, communication with customer facility, etc. Due to the almost unlimited combinations of customer requirements, it becomes very difficult to control the complexity of the product portfolio, component inventory and manufacturing costs manage. The variability also makes it very difficult to control the scaling of production capacity.
  • variable speed technology in Plant 2 immediately simplifies the portfolio as each specific plant configuration can be used for a much broader range of applications. For example, if the process pump is equipped with a frequency converter, one can Pump cover a wide range of flow and pressure requirements as the pump speed can be varied according to specific requirements. Likewise, the switch to variable speed compressors 12 allows a single compressor 12 to cover a wide range of process heat loads. By using variable speed fans 18, a single refrigeration machine can be operated in a wide range of environmental conditions.
  • a third aspect for the invention is ease of maintenance.
  • the manufacturer of such systems 2 usually provides service support for systems 2 installed worldwide. These systems 2 are quite technical devices that can be difficult to diagnose and repair in the event of a malfunction. In addition, these systems 2 usually support process-critical systems. The possibility of integrating technology for remote monitoring of system 2 and predictive maintenance into the system is therefore of great value for the customer. This technology is quite expensive to integrate. It also poses a major connectivity challenge as many customers do not support third-party devices on their IT networks for security reasons. Wireless and cellular connectivity is also problematic as protocols are updated regularly and the typical lifespan of a Plant 2 is around 10-15 years.
  • the fourth aspect for the invention is cost reduction.
  • the largest single item in the cost of chillers manufactured today is the materials and labor required for the control system. Due to design variability, most of the systems manufactured today 2 use a traditional industrial control cabinet with DIN rail mounted electrical components (i.e. circuit breakers, contactors, relays, etc.) and a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) to control the system.
  • DIN rail mounted electrical components i.e. circuit breakers, contactors, relays, etc.
  • PLC Programmable Logic Controller
  • This construction method offers a high degree of flexibility, but the components are expensive and assembly of the control cabinet is very time-consuming and requires highly skilled labor.
  • the integrated control module 22 described in more detail below, is arranged.
  • the control module 22 integrates the functions of the frequency converter 38 (see FIG. 6) for compressor 12, coolant pump 24 and fan 18 and supports all sensor and actuator inputs and outputs as well as communication and remote connection for, for example, a remote Monitoring and maintenance of system 2.
  • control module 22 in two different variants is shown in Figures 3 and 4.
  • the control module 22 each has a module housing 28, which has a large number of connections.
  • electrical connections 30 are provided specifically for power supply and at least one data connection 32 for connecting data and communication lines.
  • two cooling fluid connections 34 are arranged, via which a cooling fluid can be passed through a cooling plate 36.
  • the module housing 28 is in particular a multi-part housing which has an upper part and a lower part, the two parts forming a closed housing when connected.
  • the power electronics are integrated within the housing 28, which in particular have the frequency converters 38 required for the speed control of the various components (see FIG. 5) as suitable circuit components of the power electronics.
  • a circuit board 40 is formed, on which the power electronics are mounted.
  • the circuit board 40 with the electronics mounted thereon forms an integrated power module 41.
  • a portion of the circuit board 40 or a further circuit board 40 is designed for processing the data signals and in particular has a plug part 42 into which a data plug of a data line can be inserted.
  • a busbar 44 is arranged for the current-power distribution and is connected to the electrical connections 30.
  • a direct voltage part 45 is shown in FIG. 4, which provides a suitable direct voltage for supplying the components for data and signal processing in particular.
  • this control module 22 is designed to direct all heat generated by the power electronics to the cooling plate 36 so that the heat is dissipated via it .
  • This cooling plate 36 is cooled according to a preferred variant by circulating a cooled cooling fluid from the system 2 through the cooling plate 36.
  • the cooling fluid is either the coolant of the refrigeration circuit 8, the coolant of the coolant circuit 4 or also a coolant of an independent circuit to which the cooling plate 36 is connected.
  • the cooling fluid connections 34 are connected to the respective circuit in a suitable manner.
  • the cooling plate 36 is connected directly to the evaporator 10 or another suitable component of the refrigeration circuit 8.
  • the power electronics and in particular the circuit board 40 are in direct, thermally conductive contact with the cooling plate 36.
  • the underside of the circuit board 40 rests on a flat side of the cooling plate 36 and is, for example, glued to it or attached in some other way.
  • the cooling plate 36 is in particular a cuboid plate, for example, which is preferred - in the embodiment variant with the Cooling fluid connections - has internal cooling channels.
  • the cooling plate is preferably made of metal.
  • control module 22 and its connection to the environment are shown in a simplified manner.
  • a total of three circuit boards 40 are shown, which take on different tasks.
  • the printed circuit board 40 shown on the right forms the power module 41 with the power electronics attached thereto.
  • the speed-controlled fan 18, usually several coolant pumps 24 and also usually several compressors 12 are controlled via corresponding outputs and interfaces.
  • the different coolant pumps 24 are arranged, for example, in different coolant partial circuits.
  • the compressor 12 shown in FIG. 2 can also be divided into several compressors, for example one being designed as a constant speed compressor and only the other as a speed-controlled compressor.
  • the two further circuit boards 40 are used in particular for communication and the processing of data signals.
  • One is, for example, set up for communication with a user via a user interface 46.
  • the other is set up for external communication via, for example, a telephone network or another computer network (Internet) and in particular allows remote access, for example for maintenance or for remote control.
  • Internet computer network
  • the circuit board 40 also has a communication interface to actuators 50 and/or sensors 52 and is used to control the actuators 50 and/or to process data signals from the sensors 52.
  • the sensors 52 are, for example, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, etc
  • the actuators 50 are, for example, valves of the refrigeration circuit 8 or the coolant circuit 4.
  • These two further circuit boards 40 can also be formed by a common circuit board.
  • the entire electronics has one or more microprocessors 48, each of which is also mounted on the circuit boards 40.
  • cooling fluid connections 34 are indicated by arrows in FIG.
  • FIG. 6 shows a still schematic but somewhat more detailed circuit diagram of the control module 22:
  • a main microprocessor 48 is used to control most processes. It communicates in particular with the power module 41 shown in dashed lines with the frequency converters 38 mounted thereon.
  • the speed-controlled fans 18, the coolant pump 24 and the speed-controlled compressor 12 are controlled via the power module 41.
  • the main microprocessor 48 also monitors the cooling via the cooling plate 36 (FIG 3) and, for example, evaluates signals from a temperature sensor 52.
  • the power module 41 has a common rectifier circuit 54 for the frequency converter 38.
  • the main microprocessor 48 controls several control or data connections 46, which are suitably designed.
  • a heating element 58 in particular is controlled via such a connection 46. This influences in particular the temperature of the coolant to the coolant circuit 4 in order to increase its temperature if necessary.
  • the heating element 58 heats in particular the coolant of the coolant circuit 4 flowing through the cooling plate 36.
  • it is attached, for example, on the output side after an outlet-side cooling fluid connection 34, for example in the manner of a heating sleeve.
  • the cooling plate 36 is attached directly to a cold component of the refrigeration circuit 8 and in particular directly to the evaporator 10
  • heat is introduced into the coolant via the heating element 58 and thus indirectly into the coolant of the coolant circuit 4.
  • the heating element 58 is attached to or immediately in front of the evaporator 10.
  • data is exchanged via a further connection 56 with an antenna 60, via which remote communication is then possible, for example via a cloud server 62 and via this with a remote workstation for remote monitoring or remote control.
  • Another connection 56 is designed for communication with further sensors 52.
  • communication interfaces to external devices 64 or to an input/output unit 66 for user communication are formed via further connections 56.
  • electric motors 68 for example for valves, are also controlled via the main microprocessor 48.
  • components with a constant speed can also be provided. These are controlled via suitable relays 70, for example a compressor 12 or other valves or other actuators 72
  • various protection and monitoring circuits 74 are integrated within the control module 22, which are used, for example, for phase monitoring of a three-phase power supply 76.
  • the dashed border shown in FIG. 6 preferably indicates a respective circuit board 40 on the corresponding electronic one Components and circuit components are arranged.
  • the dashed lines also define the logical boundary to the components arranged outside the control module 22.
  • Integrating the drive circuits for the fans 18, compressor 12 and refrigerant pump 24 eliminates the need for three separate rectifier circuits for an AC/DC bus, reducing the total number of components required for the drive circuits.
  • the direct cooling of the power electronics by the cooling plate 36 makes air heat sinks and cooling fans for cooling the power electronics unnecessary, which are therefore also omitted.
  • more cost-effective power electronics that have a higher resistance can be used.
  • the control module 22 not only provides a cost-effective solution for implementing variable speed control for the components of the system 2, but also has the following features and advantages:
  • system 2 By operating the fans 18, coolant pumps 24 and compressors 12 via an integrated frequency converter, system 2 can be operated independently of the mains frequency. Therefore, system 2 can be operated with the same mechanical components at both 50 and 60 Hz.
  • a switching power supply is integrated into the control module 22, which makes a separate control voltage supply unnecessary. It will also support both 50 and 60 Hz operation.
  • a motorized valve control is integrated into the control module 22, which makes a separate motorized valve control module unnecessary.
  • a (resistance) heating element 58 preferably with a control circuit, is integrated into the control module 22, which enables the control module 22 to heat the coolant circuit 4, for example directly via the evaporator 10, making external resistance heating for cold environments or rapid warm-up unnecessary.
  • an over-temperature safety circuit is preferably implemented to protect the heating element 58 from overheating, so that no additional heating limit switch is required.
  • the control module 22 preferably includes a proprietary long-range wireless communications protocol that allows the system 2 to communicate wirelessly with a remote gateway module connected to the Internet.
  • This gateway module supports Internet connections via LAN, WiFi and cellular. This allows the gateway module to be updated in the future when communication protocols are upgraded without having to make changes to Appendix 2.
  • the end user can connect several systems 2 to the Internet via the same module, which can keep connection costs low.
  • the control module 22 includes connections for the sensors/actuators, fan, pump, compressor and mains power, so installation of the control module 22 is an assembly process and does not require qualified electrical engineers.
  • the control module 22 can be cooled by circulating cooling fluid from the system 2 through the cooling plate 36 or by directly connecting the cooling plate 36 to the evaporator 10.
  • the control module 22 includes a communication interface for reading pressure, flow and temperature data from multi-function sensors, thereby minimizing the number of physical sensors on the machine.
  • the control module 22 includes an electronic circuit for controlling a fixed speed compressor that operates in conjunction with the variable speed compressor.
  • the control module 22 contains a safety circuit for detecting refrigerant leaks and for automatically switching on an exhaust fan of the system 2 in order to remove potentially flammable refrigerant vapors from a cold room in which the Appendix 2, for example, is set up to be discharged.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une installation (2), en particulier une installation de refroidissement à grande échelle, qui comprend un circuit de refroidissement (8) et une connexion pour un autre circuit (4) connecté au circuit de refroidissement en cours de fonctionnement, selon laquelle le circuit de refroidissement (8) comporte un évaporateur (10), un compresseur à régime variable (12), un condensateur (16) ainsi qu'un organe d'étranglement (14) et de préférence également un ventilateur à régime variable (18); une pompe à régime variable (24) étant prévue pour faire circuler un fluide guidé dans l'autre circuit (4); et un module de commande (22) comportant une électronique de puissance étant en outre prévu en tant qu'unité structurale commune qui comporte des convertisseurs de fréquence (38) pour commander les composants à régime variable, à savoir le ventilateur (18), le compresseur (12) et la pompe (24). Le module de commande (22), est un module intégré dans lequel sont contenus de préférence tous les éléments de commande de l'installation, de façon à ne pas utiliser d'armoire de commande. Le module de commande présente en particulier une plaque de refroidissement pouvant être traversée par un fluide de refroidissement.
PCT/EP2023/066887 2022-06-29 2023-06-21 Installation comprenant un circuit de réfrigération et module de commande pour une telle installation WO2024002840A2 (fr)

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DE102022206591.3 2022-06-29
DE102022206591 2022-06-29

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Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103946043B (zh) * 2011-11-16 2016-06-01 丰田自动车株式会社 电气设备的冷却装置
CN103312125B (zh) * 2012-03-07 2016-06-08 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 空调器、空调器中离心机组变频器的冷却系统及冷却方法
JP6070273B2 (ja) * 2013-02-28 2017-02-01 三菱電機株式会社 ヒートポンプ給湯室外機およびヒートポンプ給湯システム
JP5747968B2 (ja) * 2013-10-07 2015-07-15 ダイキン工業株式会社 熱回収型冷凍装置
CN104676994A (zh) * 2013-11-29 2015-06-03 西门子(深圳)磁共振有限公司 磁共振成像系统的冷却设备和方法
WO2016170576A1 (fr) * 2015-04-20 2016-10-27 三菱電機株式会社 Dispositif à cycle de réfrigération
CN106546020B (zh) * 2016-10-27 2018-04-06 重庆美的通用制冷设备有限公司 空调系统
US11448441B2 (en) * 2017-07-27 2022-09-20 Bergstrom, Inc. Refrigerant system for cooling electronics

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