WO2024001071A1 - 基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定方法及装置 - Google Patents

基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定方法及装置 Download PDF

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WO2024001071A1
WO2024001071A1 PCT/CN2022/139256 CN2022139256W WO2024001071A1 WO 2024001071 A1 WO2024001071 A1 WO 2024001071A1 CN 2022139256 W CN2022139256 W CN 2022139256W WO 2024001071 A1 WO2024001071 A1 WO 2024001071A1
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Prior art keywords
pump
diagram
gas
pumping
gas production
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PCT/CN2022/139256
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
雷群
赵瑞东
师俊峰
马高强
张喜顺
蒋卫东
周祥
孙艺真
王才
邓峰
曹光强
李楠
刘翔
陈诗雯
伊然
陈冠宏
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中国石油天然气股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2024001071A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024001071A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B44/00—Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
    • G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/02—Agriculture; Fishing; Forestry; Mining
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
    • G06F2119/22—Yield analysis or yield optimisation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of digital measurement for mechanical oil production in oil fields, and in particular to a method and device for determining the gas production of a pumping unit well based on a dynamometer diagram.
  • the lifting of the pumping unit relies on the pumping unit to drive the sucker rod.
  • the sucker rod drives the plunger pump to continuously reciprocate the pump.
  • Each pump will produce a power indicator diagram, which is composed of load and displacement.
  • the closed curve contains information such as oil well operating conditions, production, liquid level, etc., and is crucial first-hand information in oil well production.
  • digital metering technology for pumping unit wells has developed rapidly, but currently it only focuses on measuring oil based on work charts or measuring fluid based on work charts.
  • the methods for measuring oil based on work charts include the scribing method, the area method and the decomposition method.
  • working condition diagnosis technology can only qualitatively identify whether there is gas influence. There are no relevant patents and literature on gas measurement using power diagrams. At present, quantitative gas production based on dynamometer diagrams is still a technical blank.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for determining the gas production volume of a pumping unit well based on a power indicator diagram, which is used to quantitatively determine the gas production volume of a pumping unit well based on the power indicator diagram.
  • the method includes:
  • the gas production model is obtained to obtain the wellhead gas production corresponding to each pumping unit diagram of the pumping unit well; the pumping unit well The model for calculating gas production based on the dynamometer diagram is pre-established based on the pumping unit well dynamometer diagram and the gas state equation;
  • the wellhead gas production corresponding to each pumping power diagram is accumulated to obtain the cumulative gas production at the wellhead of the pumping unit.
  • the above-mentioned method for determining the gas production of a pumping well based on the dynamometer diagram also includes pre-establishing a gas production model based on the dynamometer diagram of the pumping well according to the following method:
  • the volume model of the gas in the pump is obtained
  • volume model of the gas in the pump and the gas state equation the volume model of the gas at the wellhead of the pumping unit is obtained:
  • a gas production volume model is obtained based on the pumping unit well dynamometer diagram to determine the gas production volume of the pumping unit well.
  • the internal pressure of the pump during the down stroke of the pump is the internal pressure of the oil well pump obtained by neglecting the gravity of the pump and the friction between the plunger and the working cylinder wall.
  • the pump load when the traveling valve is opened is the pump load obtained by neglecting the gravity of the pump itself and the friction between the plunger and the working barrel.
  • the pressure inside the pump when the traveling valve is opened is the pressure within the pump obtained by neglecting the pressure drop of the fluid passing through the traveling valve.
  • the above method for determining the gas production of a pumping unit well based on the dynamometer diagram also includes pre-establishing a gas production volume model based on the dynamometer diagram of the pumping unit well based on one or any combination of the following factors:
  • the fluid in the oil pipe is the axis Stable flow in one dimension; the fluid in the pump is isothermal, and the gas and liquid phase pressures at the same position are equal; the oil pipe is anchored, and there is gas in the pump; it is not considered that the free gas in the pump dissolves into the liquid phase due to pressure changes; it is not considered Fluid leakage from pump traveling and fixed valves.
  • the gas production model calculated from the pumping unit well dynamometer diagram is:
  • Q g is the wellhead gas production corresponding to each pumping power diagram
  • Q l is the wellhead liquid production corresponding to each pumping power diagram
  • R p is the production gas-liquid ratio
  • n p is the number of strokes
  • Z h is Wellhead gas compression factor
  • T h is the wellhead temperature
  • Z p is the gas compression factor in the pump
  • T p is the temperature in the pump
  • s q is the height of the gas in the plunger
  • a p is the cross-sectional area of the plunger
  • p pd is The pressure inside the pump at different displacements of the plunger during the load unloading process on the down stroke of the pump
  • p h is the wellhead pressure.
  • a gas production model is calculated based on the wellhead liquid production corresponding to each pumping power diagram and the pre-established pumping unit well diagram, and the wellhead gas production corresponding to each pumping unit diagram of the pumping unit well is obtained.
  • the wellhead liquid production corresponding to each pumping power diagram, and the gas production model based on the pre-established pumping unit well indicator diagram the wellhead production corresponding to each pumping unit diagram of the pumping unit well is obtained. Capacity.
  • the above-mentioned method for determining gas production of a pumping unit well based on a dynamometer chart further includes:
  • Embodiments of the present invention also provide a device for determining the gas production of a pumping well based on a power indicator diagram, which is used to quantitatively determine the gas production of a pumping well based on the power indicator diagram.
  • the device includes:
  • the acquisition unit is used to obtain the wellhead liquid production volume corresponding to each pumping power diagram of the pumping unit;
  • the gas production model based on the wellhead liquid production corresponding to each pumping power diagram and the pre-established pumping unit well indicator diagram calculate the gas production model based on the wellhead liquid production corresponding to each pumping power diagram and the pre-established pumping unit well indicator diagram, and obtain the wellhead gas production corresponding to each pumping unit diagram of the pumping unit well; so The gas production volume calculation model based on the pumping unit well dynamometer diagram is pre-established based on the pumping unit well dynamometer diagram and the gas state equation;
  • the determination unit is used to accumulate the wellhead gas production corresponding to each pumping power diagram to obtain the cumulative gas production at the wellhead of the pumping unit.
  • the above device for determining the gas production of a pumping well based on a dynamometer diagram also includes a creation unit for pre-establishing a gas production model based on the dynamometer diagram of a pumping well according to the following method:
  • the volume model of the gas in the pump is obtained
  • volume model of the gas in the pump and the gas state equation the volume model of the gas at the wellhead of the pumping unit is obtained:
  • a gas production volume model is obtained based on the pumping unit well dynamometer diagram to determine the gas production volume of the pumping unit well.
  • the obtaining unit is specifically used to:
  • the wellhead liquid production corresponding to each pumping power diagram, and the gas production model based on the pre-established pumping unit well indicator diagram the wellhead production corresponding to each pumping unit diagram of the pumping unit well is obtained. Capacity.
  • An embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor.
  • the processor executes the computer program, the above-mentioned pumping method based on the dynamometer diagram is implemented. Method for determining gas production in oil wells.
  • Embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer-readable storage medium that stores a computer program.
  • the computer program is executed by a processor, the above-mentioned method for determining gas production in a pumping well based on a dynamometer is implemented.
  • An embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer program product.
  • the computer program product includes a computer program.
  • the computer program is executed by a processor, the above-mentioned method for determining the gas production of a pumping unit well based on a dynamometer diagram is implemented.
  • the solution for determining the gas production of a pumping unit well based on the power indicator diagram is: obtaining the wellhead liquid production corresponding to each pumping unit diagram; and according to the wellhead liquid production corresponding to each pumping unit diagram. quantity, and the gas production model based on the pre-established pumping unit well indicator diagram to obtain the wellhead gas production corresponding to each pumping unit indicator diagram of the pumping unit well; the gas production model based on the pumping unit well indicator diagram is used to calculate the gas production volume.
  • the work diagram and gas state equation are pre-established; the wellhead gas production corresponding to each pumped work diagram is accumulated to obtain the cumulative gas production at the pumping unit wellhead.
  • the gas production of the pumping unit well can be quantitatively calculated based on the power diagram, reducing labor intensity. , improve production efficiency.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for determining the gas production of a pumping unit well based on a dynamometer diagram in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the power indicator diagram of the downhole pump and the point-taking method in the embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a power display diagram in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the wellhead gas production curve of the pumping unit calculated based on the dynamometer diagram of Figure 3 in the embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a pumping unit well gas production determination device based on a dynamometer diagram in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a computer device in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a and/or B can mean: A alone exists, A and B exist simultaneously, and B alone exists. situation.
  • at least one herein means any one of a plurality or any combination of at least two of a plurality, for example, including at least one of A, B, and C, which can mean including from A, Any one or more elements selected from the set composed of B and C.
  • the words “includes”, “includes”, “has”, “contains”, etc. are all open terms, meaning including but not limited to.
  • Reference to the terms “one embodiment,” “a specific embodiment,” “some embodiments,” “such as,” etc. in the description means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one of the present application in an embodiment or example.
  • schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.
  • the specific features, structures or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
  • the sequence of steps involved in each embodiment is used to schematically illustrate the implementation of the present application. The sequence of steps is not limited and can be adjusted appropriately as needed.
  • the embodiment of the present invention proposes a scheme for determining the gas production of a pumping unit well based on a dynamometer diagram.
  • This scheme is a quantification method for a pumping unit well based on the morphological characteristics of the dynamometer diagram and the gas state equation.
  • a solution for seeking gas production This solution extends work chart digital measurement from work chart oil measurement or work chart liquid measurement to work chart gas measurement, realizing digital oil measurement and gas measurement, which is conducive to eliminating the measurement room, reducing front-line labor, and transforming traditional production.
  • Management methods have enabled oil workers to truly transform from blue-collar workers to white-collar workers.
  • the following is a detailed introduction to the gas production determination scheme of the pumping unit well based on the dynamometer diagram.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for determining the gas production of a pumping unit well based on a dynamometer diagram in an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 1, the method includes the following steps:
  • Step 101 Obtain the wellhead liquid production volume corresponding to each pumping power diagram of the pumping unit
  • Step 102 Calculate the gas production model based on the wellhead liquid production corresponding to each pumping power diagram and the pre-established pumping unit well diagram, and obtain the wellhead gas production corresponding to each pumping unit diagram of the pumping unit well;
  • the model for calculating gas production based on the pumping unit well dynamometer diagram is pre-established based on the pumping unit well dynamometer diagram and the gas state equation;
  • Step 103 Accumulate the wellhead gas production corresponding to each pumping power diagram to obtain the cumulative gas production at the pumping unit wellhead.
  • the obtained cumulative gas production at the pumping unit wellhead is used to guide oil and gas development and production.
  • the method for determining the gas production of a pumping unit well based on the dynamometer diagram provided by the embodiment of the present invention, during operation: obtains the wellhead liquid production volume corresponding to each pumping dynamometer diagram of the pumping unit; liquid volume, and the pre-established gas production model based on the pumping unit well dynamometer diagram to obtain the wellhead gas production corresponding to each pumping unit dynamometer diagram of the pumping unit well; the gas production volume model based on the pumping unit well dynamometer diagram is obtained.
  • the power indicator diagram and the gas state equation are pre-established; the wellhead gas production corresponding to each pumping power diagram is accumulated to obtain the cumulative gas production at the pumping unit wellhead.
  • the gas production of the pumping unit well can be quantitatively calculated based on the power indicator diagram.
  • This method will Work map digital measurement has been extended from work map oil measurement or work map liquid measurement to work map gas measurement, realizing digital oil measurement and gas measurement, which is conducive to eliminating the measurement room, reducing labor intensity and improving production efficiency.
  • the following is a detailed introduction to the method for determining the gas production of a pumping unit well based on the dynamometer diagram.
  • the fluid in the oil pipe has an axial one-dimensional stable flow
  • the above-mentioned method for determining gas production of a pumping unit well based on a dynamometer diagram may also include pre-establishing a model for determining the gas production volume of a pumping unit well based on one or any combination of the following factors:
  • the fluid in the oil pipe is an axial one-dimensional stable flow; the fluid in the pump is isothermal flow, and the gas and liquid phase pressures at the same position are equal; the oil pipe is anchored, and there is gas in the pump; it is not considered that the free gas in the pump dissolves into the liquid due to pressure changes.
  • the accuracy of the gas production model for the pumping well dynamometer can be further improved, and the accuracy of quantitatively calculating the gas production of the pumping well can be further improved.
  • the pressure inside the pump can be obtained as:
  • equation (2) can become:
  • the internal pressure of the pump during the down stroke of the pump is the internal pressure of the oil pump obtained by neglecting the gravity of the pump and the friction between the plunger and the working cylinder wall, which can further increase the gas production of the pumping well. Definite efficiency.
  • F dmin is the pump load when the traveling valve is opened, N; ⁇ p 2 is the pressure drop of the fluid passing through the traveling valve, Pa.
  • the pump load when the traveling valve is opened is the pump load obtained by neglecting the gravity of the pump itself and the friction between the plunger and the working barrel, which can further improve the efficiency of determining the gas production of the pumping unit well.
  • the pressure inside the pump when the traveling valve is opened is the pressure inside the pump obtained by ignoring the pressure drop of the fluid passing through the traveling valve, which can further improve the efficiency of determining the gas production of the pumping unit well.
  • the pressure inside the pump at different positions can be:
  • both the traveling valve and the fixed valve are in a closed state.
  • the gas continues to be compressed, but the number of moles of the gas always remains unchanged, then
  • p pdC is the pressure inside the pump at the top dead center C, Pa
  • p pdD is the opening of the swimming valve, for example, the pressure inside the pump when the opening point D is opened, Pa
  • p pd1 is the distance from the top dead center C to the swimming valve on the pump work diagram.
  • the pressure in the pump at different displacements of the plug for example, the pressure in the pump at point i from the top dead center C on the power diagram to the opening point D of the swimming valve, Pa; the subscript i is from the bottom dead center C to the swimming valve on the pump power diagram. Select any point within the valve opening point D.
  • formula (9) includes formula (8).
  • V h is the wellhead gas volume, m 3 ; Z h is the wellhead gas compression factor; T h is the wellhead temperature, K; Z p is the gas compression factor in the pump; T p is the temperature inside the pump, K.
  • the gas production is, that is, in one embodiment, the gas production model calculated from the pumping unit well dynamometer diagram is:
  • Q g is the wellhead gas production corresponding to each pumped power diagram, m 3 /d;
  • Q l is the wellhead liquid production corresponding to each pumped power diagram, m 3 /d;
  • R p is the production gas-liquid ratio , m 3 /m 3 ;
  • n p is the number of strokes, min -1 ;
  • Z h is the wellhead gas compression factor;
  • T h is the wellhead temperature;
  • Z p is the gas compression factor in the pump;
  • T p is the temperature in the pump;
  • s q is The height of the gas in the plunger;
  • a p is the cross-sectional area of the plunger;
  • p pd is the pressure in the pump at different displacements of the plunger during the load unloading process on the down stroke of the pump;
  • p h is the wellhead pressure.
  • the above-mentioned method for determining the gas production volume of a pumping unit well based on a dynamometer diagram may also include pre-establishing a gas production volume model for a pumping unit well dynamometer diagram based on the following method:
  • the pressure model inside the pump during the pump down stroke is obtained (the above formula (2) or formula (3), preferably formula (3));
  • the pressure model inside the pump when the traveling valve opens is obtained (the above formula (5));
  • the volume model of the gas in the pump is obtained (the above formula (11));
  • the volume model of the gas at the wellhead of the pumping unit is obtained (the above formula (12)):
  • the gas production volume model determined by the pumping unit well dynamometer diagram (the above formula (13)) is obtained to determine the gas production volume of the pumping unit well.
  • the wellhead liquid production volume corresponding to each pumping power diagram of the pumping unit can be the liquid production volume calculated based on the power diagram or the measured liquid production volume.
  • the following introduces the process of solving the gas production model based on the pumping unit well dynamometer diagram, that is, using the pumping unit well dynamometer diagram to calculate the gas production model to calculate the gas production volume.
  • the specific solution process is as follows:
  • a and B are two-dimensional matrices.
  • the first row is the load at the corresponding data point, and the second row is the displacement at the corresponding data point.
  • the data group selection points can also be selected in other ways, and the number of selection points is arbitrary, but it must be ensured that the selected data points must be between C ⁇ D.
  • R F is the constructed nonlinear residual equation
  • DR F is the derivative function of RF with respect to sq; (k) represents the k-th iteration.
  • the gas production model is calculated based on the wellhead liquid production corresponding to each pumping power diagram and the pre-established pumping unit well diagram, and the corresponding pumping unit diagram of each pumping unit well is obtained.
  • Wellhead gas production can include:
  • the wellhead liquid production corresponding to each pumping power diagram, and the gas production model based on the pre-established pumping unit well indicator diagram the wellhead production corresponding to each pumping unit diagram of the pumping unit well is obtained. Capacity.
  • the selected two sets of data points can be: the selected point groups are 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 times and 1.15, 1.25, 1.35, 1.45 corresponds to the data point, this implementation can eliminate the influence of power diagram fluctuations.
  • the Newton-Raphson iteration method can be used to solve the above-mentioned nonlinear residual equation, improve the accuracy of determining the height of the gas in the plunger, and further improve the accuracy of determining the gas production volume of the pumping unit well.
  • the above method for determining the gas production of a pumping unit well based on a dynamometer diagram may also include:
  • the changing law of gas production of oil wells can also be dynamically analyzed, and the production dynamics of oil wells can be analyzed to guide oil and natural gas development and production.
  • the embodiment of the present invention takes a well in Changqing Oilfield as an example.
  • the basic data of the well are: wellhead pressure 0.2Mpa, wellhead temperature 40°C, plunger pump diameter 32mm, stroke 1.5m, sucker rod diameter 19mm, pump depth 850m, wellhead
  • the liquid production volume is 4t/d, and the dissolved gas-to-liquid ratio at the pump is 5m 3 /m 3 .
  • a measured surface work map is required.
  • the three-dimensional wave equation is applied to the surface work map to solve the downhole pump work map.
  • the method proposed by the embodiment of the present invention to quantitatively determine the gas production volume of a pumping unit based on the morphological characteristics of the dynamometer diagram and the gas state equation is suitable for pumping unit wells with a large gas production volume where the production gas-liquid ratio is greater than the dissolved gas-liquid ratio. It is required to obtain a dynamometer diagram, regard the dynamometer diagram as a known quantity, and the dynamometer diagram must have certain gas influence characteristics.
  • the embodiment of the present invention proposes a method for determining the gas production of a pumping well based on a dynamometer diagram.
  • This method mainly realizes: 1) Proposing a method for determining the gas production of a pumping unit based on the characteristics of the dynamometer diagram and the gas state equation.
  • the gas volume determination method 2) The establishment method of the gas production model based on the pumping unit well dynamometer diagram is given; 3) The calculation process of the free gas molar amount in the oil pump is given; 4) The gas production volume at the wellhead of the pumping unit is given The calculation process of The edge computing device that determines the method can be installed at the oil well site to calculate the wellhead gas production corresponding to each pumping diagram in real time, thereby calculating the cumulative gas production at the wellhead of the pumping unit.
  • the beneficial technical effect of the method for determining the gas production of a pumping unit well based on the dynamometer diagram proposed by the embodiment of the present invention is: a method for quantitatively determining the gas production volume of a pumping unit well based on the morphological characteristics of the dynamometer diagram and the gas state equation is proposed.
  • Work map digital measurement has been expanded from work map oil measurement (work map liquid measurement) to work map gas measurement, realizing digital oil measurement and gas measurement, which is conducive to eliminating the measurement room, reducing front-line labor, transforming the traditional production management method, and allowing oil production workers to truly Transition from blue collar to white collar.
  • the embodiment of the present invention also provides a device for determining gas production in a pumping well based on a dynamometer diagram, as described in the following embodiment. Since the problem-solving principle of this device is similar to the method for determining gas production in pumping wells based on dynamometer diagrams, the implementation of this device can be found in the implementation of the method for determining gas production in pumping wells based on dynamometer diagrams, and the duplicates will not be repeated. .
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a pumping unit well gas production determination device based on a power indicator diagram in an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 5, the device includes:
  • Obtaining unit 01 is used to obtain the wellhead liquid production volume corresponding to each pumping power diagram of the pumping unit;
  • Obtaining unit 02 calculates the gas production model based on the wellhead liquid production corresponding to each pumping power diagram and the pre-established pumping unit well diagram, and obtains the wellhead gas production corresponding to each pumping unit well diagram;
  • the gas production volume calculation model based on the pumping unit well dynamometer diagram is pre-established based on the pumping unit well dynamometer diagram and the gas state equation;
  • the determination unit 03 is used to accumulate the wellhead gas production corresponding to each pumping work diagram to obtain the cumulative gas production at the wellhead of the pumping unit.
  • the device for determining the gas production of a pumping well based on the dynamometer diagram may also include a creation unit for pre-establishing a gas production model based on the dynamometer diagram of the pumping well according to the following method:
  • the volume model of the gas in the pump is obtained
  • volume model of the gas in the pump and the gas state equation the volume model of the gas at the wellhead of the pumping unit is obtained:
  • a gas production volume model is obtained based on the pumping unit well dynamometer diagram to determine the gas production volume of the pumping unit well.
  • the obtaining unit can be specifically used to:
  • the wellhead liquid production corresponding to each pumping power diagram, and the gas production model based on the pre-established pumping unit well indicator diagram the wellhead production corresponding to each pumping unit diagram of the pumping unit well is obtained. Capacity.
  • the internal pressure of the pump during the down stroke of the pump may be the internal pressure of the oil well pump obtained by neglecting the gravity of the pump and the friction between the plunger and the working cylinder wall.
  • the pump load when the traveling valve is opened may be a pump load obtained by neglecting the gravity of the pump itself and the friction between the plunger and the working barrel.
  • the pressure inside the pump during the load unloading process of the down stroke pump may be the pressure inside the pump obtained by neglecting the pressure drop of the fluid through the traveling valve.
  • the gas production volume calculation model of the pumping unit well dynamometer diagram is a pre-established model that takes into account one or any combination of the following factors: the fluid in the oil pipe is an axial one-dimensional stable flow; the fluid in the pump It is an isothermal flow, and the gas and liquid phase pressures are equal at the same position; the oil pipe is anchored, and there is gas in the pump; it does not consider that the free gas in the pump dissolves into the liquid phase due to pressure changes; it does not consider the fluid of the pump's traveling valve and fixed valve leakage.
  • the gas production volume model for the pumping unit well dynamometer diagram can be:
  • Q g is the wellhead gas production corresponding to each pumping power diagram
  • Q l is the wellhead liquid production corresponding to each pumping power diagram
  • R p is the production gas-liquid ratio
  • n p is the number of strokes
  • Z h is Wellhead gas compression factor
  • T h is the wellhead temperature
  • Z p is the gas compression factor in the pump
  • T p is the temperature in the pump
  • s q is the height of the gas in the plunger
  • a p is the cross-sectional area of the plunger
  • p pd is The pressure inside the pump at different displacements of the plunger during the load unloading process on the down stroke of the pump
  • p h is the wellhead pressure.
  • the above-mentioned device for determining gas production in a pumping well based on a power indicator diagram may further include:
  • the change analysis unit is used to obtain the change curve of the gas production volume of the pumping unit well based on the wellhead gas production volume corresponding to each pumping work diagram of the pumping unit;
  • the production analysis unit is used to analyze the production dynamics of the pumping well according to the change curve of the gas production of the pumping well.
  • the present invention also proposes a computer device 500, which includes a memory 510, a processor 520, and a computer program 530 stored on the memory 510 and executable on the processor 520.
  • the processor 520 executes the computer program 530, the aforementioned method for determining the gas production volume of a pumping unit well based on the dynamometer diagram is implemented.
  • Embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer-readable storage medium that stores a computer program.
  • the computer program is executed by a processor, the above-mentioned method for determining gas production in a pumping well based on a dynamometer is implemented.
  • An embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer program product.
  • the computer program product includes a computer program.
  • the computer program is executed by a processor, the above-mentioned method for determining the gas production of a pumping unit well based on a dynamometer diagram is implemented.
  • the solution for determining the gas production of a pumping unit well based on the power indicator diagram is: obtaining the wellhead liquid production corresponding to each pumping unit diagram; and according to the wellhead liquid production corresponding to each pumping unit diagram. quantity, and the gas production model based on the pre-established pumping unit well indicator diagram to obtain the wellhead gas production corresponding to each pumping unit indicator diagram of the pumping unit well; the gas production model based on the pumping unit well indicator diagram is used to calculate the gas production volume.
  • the work diagram and gas state equation are pre-established; the wellhead gas production corresponding to each pumped work diagram is accumulated to obtain the cumulative gas production at the pumping unit wellhead.
  • the gas production of the pumping unit well can be quantitatively calculated based on the power diagram, reducing labor intensity. , improve production efficiency.
  • embodiments of the present invention may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products.
  • the invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects.
  • the invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
  • These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that causes a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to operate in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including the instruction means, the instructions
  • the device implements the functions specified in a process or processes of the flowchart and/or a block or blocks of the block diagram.
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Abstract

一种基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定方法及装置，其中该方法包括：获取抽油机每一抽示功图对应的井口产液量（101）；根据每一抽示功图对应的井口产液量，以及预先建立的抽油机井示功图求产气量模型，得到抽油机井每一抽示功图对应的井口产气量（102）；所述抽油机井示功图求产气量模型根据抽油机井示功图和气体状态方程预先建立；将每一抽示功图对应的井口产气量进行累计得到抽油机井口累计产气量（103）。该方法和装置可以基于示功图定量求取抽油机井产气量，降低了劳动强度，提高了生产效率。

Description

基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定方法及装置
本申请要求2022年06月27日递交的申请号为202210735873.1、发明名称为“基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定方法及装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及油田机械采油数字计量技术领域，尤其涉及一种基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定方法及装置。
背景技术
本部分旨在为权利要求书中陈述的本发明实施例提供背景或上下文。此处的描述不因为包括在本部分中就承认是现有技术。
国内油井量大面广，油井分布区域广泛，且近年来资源品质劣质化程度加剧，工况日趋复杂，产量逐年下降，平台丛式井大幅增加，单平台井数一般4-8口井。油井计量以传统计量间占主导，目前国内有数以万计座计量间，每座占地100多平米，配套计量管线几百米到几公里，投资巨大；每个计量间需要配备日常操作及维护人员2至3名，计量周期长，滞后严重，难以及时跟踪油井生产动态，对于人工操作的计量间，平均每口井间隔10天才能计量一次，单次计量所需时间一般四个小时，劳动强度大。
抽油机举升是靠抽油机带动抽油杆，抽油杆带动柱塞泵，不断往复运动抽出来的，每一抽会产生一张示功图，示功图是由载荷、位移组成的封闭曲线，它蕴含着油井工况、产量、液面等信息，是油井生产中至关重要第一手资料。经过多年持续探索，抽油机井数字计量技术快速发展，但目前仅集中在功图量油或功图量液上，功图量油的方法有划线法、面积法和分解法。对于抽油机井示功图，通过工况诊断技术只能定性识别是否有气体影响，还没有功图量气的相关专利和文献，目前基于示功图定量求产气量还是一个技术空白。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定方法，用以基于示功图定量求取抽油机井产气量，该方法包括：
获取抽油机每一抽示功图对应的井口产液量；
根据每一抽示功图对应的井口产液量，以及预先建立的抽油机井示功图求产气量模型，得到抽油机井每一抽示功图对应的井口产气量；所述抽油机井示功图求产气量模型根据抽油机井示功图和气体状态方程预先建立；
将每一抽示功图对应的井口产气量进行累计得到抽油机井口累计产气量。
在一个实施例中，上述基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定方法还包括按照如下方法预先建立抽油机井示功图求产气量模型：
在泵下冲程时，对抽油泵进行受力分析，根据力平衡得到泵下冲程时的泵载荷模型；
根据泵下冲程时的泵载荷模型，得到泵下冲程时的泵内压力模型；
在泵下冲程载荷卸载完成后，根据泵下冲程时的泵载荷模型，得到游动阀打开时的泵载荷模型；
根据泵下冲程时的泵内压力模型及游动阀打开时的泵载荷模型，得到游动阀打开时的泵内压力模型；
根据气体状态方程得到泵下冲程载荷卸载过程中柱塞不同位移处泵内压力模型；
根据游动阀打开时的泵内压力模型，以及泵下冲程载荷卸载过程中柱塞不同位移处泵内压力模型，得到泵内气体的体积模型；
根据泵内气体的体积模型及气体状态方程式，得到气体在抽油机井口的体积模型：
根据气体在抽油机井口的体积模型，得到确定抽油机井产气量的所述抽油机井示功图求产气量模型。
在一个实施例中，所述泵下冲程时的泵内压力为忽略了泵的重力和柱塞与工作筒壁之间的摩擦力得到的抽油泵内压力。
在一个实施例中，所述游动阀打开时的泵载荷为忽略了泵自身重力和柱塞与工作筒之间的摩擦力得到的泵载荷。
在一个实施例中，所述游动阀打开时的泵内压力为忽略了流体过游动阀压降得到的泵内压力。
在一个实施例中，上述基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定方法还包括根据如下因素的其中之一或任意组合，预先建立抽油机井示功图求产气量模型：油管内流体为轴向一维稳定流动；泵内流体为等温流动，且同一位置处气液相压力相等；油管锚定，且泵内 存在气体；不考虑泵内自由气体由于压力变化溶解到液相中；不考虑泵的游动阀和固定阀流体漏失。
在一个实施例中，所述抽油机井示功图求产气量模型为：
Figure PCTCN2022139256-appb-000001
其中，Q g为每一抽示功图对应的井口产气量；Q l为每一抽示功图对应的井口产液量；R p为生产气液比；n p为冲次；Z h为井口气体压缩因子；T h为井口温度；Z p为泵内气体压缩因子；T p为泵内温度；s q为柱塞内气体的高度；A p为柱塞的横截面积；p pd为泵下冲程载荷卸载过程中柱塞不同位移处泵内压力；p h为井口压力。
在一个实施例中，根据每一抽示功图对应的井口产液量，以及预先建立的抽油机井示功图求产气量模型，得到抽油机井每一抽示功图对应的井口产气量，包括：
在示功图中的预设载荷卸载过程段任意选取两组数据点，得到每一数据点对应的载荷与位移；
根据抽油泵和光杆的横截面积，及预先建立的游动阀打开时的泵内压力与泵下冲程载荷卸载过程中柱塞不同位移处泵内压力之间的关系，构建非线性残差方程求解柱塞内气体的高度；
根据柱塞内气体的高度，每一抽示功图对应的井口产液量，以及预先建立的抽油机井示功图求产气量模型，得到抽油机井每一抽示功图对应的井口产气量。
在一个实施例中，上述基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定方法还包括：
根据抽油机每一抽示功图对应的井口产气量，得到抽油机井产气量的变化曲线；
根据抽油机井产气量的变化曲线，对抽油机井的生产动态进行分析。
本发明实施例还提供一种基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定装置，用以基于示功图定量求取抽油机井产气量，该装置包括：
获取单元，用于获取抽油机每一抽示功图对应的井口产液量；
求取单元，根据每一抽示功图对应的井口产液量，以及预先建立的抽油机井示功图求产气量模型，得到抽油机井每一抽示功图对应的井口产气量；所述抽油机井示功图求产气量模型根据抽油机井示功图和气体状态方程预先建立；
确定单元，用于将每一抽示功图对应的井口产气量进行累计得到抽油机井口累计产气量。
在一个实施例中，上述基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定装置还包括建立单元，用于按照如下方法预先建立抽油机井示功图求产气量模型：
在泵下冲程时，对抽油泵进行受力分析，根据力平衡得到泵下冲程时的泵载荷模型；
根据泵下冲程时的泵载荷模型，得到泵下冲程时的泵内压力模型；
在泵下冲程载荷卸载完成后，根据泵下冲程时的泵载荷模型，得到游动阀打开时的泵载荷模型；
根据泵下冲程时的泵内压力模型及游动阀打开时的泵载荷模型，得到游动阀打开时的泵内压力模型；
根据气体状态方程得到泵下冲程载荷卸载过程中柱塞不同位移处泵内压力模型；
根据游动阀打开时的泵内压力模型，以及泵下冲程载荷卸载过程中柱塞不同位移处泵内压力模型，得到泵内气体的体积模型；
根据泵内气体的体积模型及气体状态方程式，得到气体在抽油机井口的体积模型：
根据气体在抽油机井口的体积模型，得到确定抽油机井产气量的所述抽油机井示功图求产气量模型。
在一个实施例中，所述求取单元具体用于：
在示功图中的预设载荷卸载过程段任意选取两组数据点，得到每一数据点对应的载荷与位移；
根据抽油泵和光杆的横截面积，及预先建立的游动阀打开时的泵内压力与泵下冲程载荷卸载过程中柱塞不同位移处泵内压力之间的关系，构建非线性残差方程求解柱塞内气体的高度；
根据柱塞内气体的高度，每一抽示功图对应的井口产液量，以及预先建立的抽油机井示功图求产气量模型，得到抽油机井每一抽示功图对应的井口产气量。
本发明实施例还提供一种计算机设备，包括存储器、处理器及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现上述基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定方法。
本发明实施例还提供一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定方法。
本发明实施例还提供一种计算机程序产品，所述计算机程序产品包括计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定方法。
本发明实施例中，基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定方案，通过：获取抽油机每一抽示功图对应的井口产液量；根据每一抽示功图对应的井口产液量，以及预先建立的抽油机井示功图求产气量模型，得到抽油机井每一抽示功图对应的井口产气量；所述抽油机井示功图求产气量模型根据抽油机井示功图和气体状态方程预先建立；将每一抽示功图对应的井口产气量进行累计得到抽油机井口累计产气量，可以基于示功图定量求取抽油机井产气量，降低了劳动强度，提高了生产效率。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，并不构成对本发明的限定。在附图中：
图1为本发明实施例中基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定方法的流程示意图；
图2为本发明实施例中井下泵示功图以及取点方法示意图；
图3为本发明实施例中示功图示意图；
图4为本发明实施例中基于图3的示功图计算的抽油机井口产气量曲线示意图；
图5为本发明实施例中基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定装置的结构示意图；
图6为本发明实施例中计算机设备的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，下面结合附图对本发明实施例做进一步详细说明。在此，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，但并不作为对本发明的限定。
本文中术语“和/或”，仅仅是描述一种关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中术语“至少一种”表示多种中的任意一种或多种中的至少两种的任意组合，例如，包括A、B、C中的至少一种，可以表示包括从A、B和C构成的集合中选择的任意一个或多个元素。
在本说明书的描述中，所使用的“包含”、“包括”、“具有”、“含有”等，均为开放性的用语，即意指包含但不限于。参考术语“一个实施例”、“一个具体实施 例”、“一些实施例”、“例如”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。各实施例中涉及的步骤顺序用于示意性说明本申请的实施，其中的步骤顺序不作限定，可根据需要作适当调整。
考虑到现有技术存在的问题，本发明实施例提出了一种基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定方案，该方案为一种基于示功图形态特征和气体状态方程的抽油机井定量求产气量的方案，该方案将功图数字计量从功图量油或功图量液拓展到功图量气，实现数字量油测气，有利于取消计量间、减轻一线劳动，转变传统生产管理方式，使采油工真正由蓝领向白领转变。下面对该基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定方案进行详细介绍。
图1为本发明实施例中基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定方法的流程示意图，如图1所示，该方法包括如下步骤：
步骤101：获取抽油机每一抽示功图对应的井口产液量；
步骤102：根据每一抽示功图对应的井口产液量，以及预先建立的抽油机井示功图求产气量模型，得到抽油机井每一抽示功图对应的井口产气量；所述抽油机井示功图求产气量模型根据抽油机井示功图和气体状态方程预先建立；
步骤103：将每一抽示功图对应的井口产气量进行累计得到抽油机井口累计产气量，得到的抽油机井口累计产气量用于指导石油天然气开发生产。
本发明实施例提供的基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定方法，工作时：获取抽油机每一抽示功图对应的井口产液量；根据每一抽示功图对应的井口产液量，以及预先建立的抽油机井示功图求产气量模型，得到抽油机井每一抽示功图对应的井口产气量；所述抽油机井示功图求产气量模型根据抽油机井示功图和气体状态方程预先建立；将每一抽示功图对应的井口产气量进行累计得到抽油机井口累计产气量，可以基于示功图定量求取抽油机井产气量，该方法将功图数字计量从功图量油或功图量液拓展到功图量气，实现数字量油测气，有利于取消计量间，降低了劳动强度，提高了生产效率。下面对该基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定方法进行详细介绍。
一、首先，介绍预先建立抽油机井示功图求产气量模型的步骤。
1)模型假设
(1)油管内流体为轴向一维稳定流动；
(2)泵内流体为等温流动，且同一位置处气液相压力相等；
(3)油管锚定，且泵内存在气体；
(4)不考虑泵内自由气体由于压力变化溶解到液相中；
(5)不考虑泵的游动阀和固定阀流体漏失。
通过上述可知，在一个实施例中，上述基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定方法还可以包括根据如下因素的其中之一或任意组合，预先建立抽油机井示功图求产气量模型：油管内流体为轴向一维稳定流动；泵内流体为等温流动，且同一位置处气液相压力相等；油管锚定，且泵内存在气体；不考虑泵内自由气体由于压力变化溶解到液相中；不考虑泵的游动阀和固定阀流体漏失，可以进一步提高抽油机井示功图求产气量模型的精度，进一步提高定量求取抽油机井产气量的精度。
2)模型建立
从泵功图可以明显的看出，气体的影响主要体现在泵下冲程载荷卸载过程，以抽油泵为研究对象，对其进行受力分析，根据力平衡，可得泵的载荷为：
F d＝p 0(A p-A r)-p pdA p+W p+f  (1)
其中，F d为下冲程时泵载荷，N；p 0为泵排出口处压力，Pa；p pd为下冲时泵内压力，Pa；f为柱塞与工作筒壁之间的摩擦力，N；W p为泵的重力，N；A p为柱塞的横截面积，m 2；A r为与泵连接的光杆横截面积，m 2。
对式(1)进行变形，可得泵内压力为：
Figure PCTCN2022139256-appb-000002
由于在泵的重力和柱塞与工作筒壁之间的摩擦力远小于泵载荷和泵上覆液载，可忽略不计，此时式(2)可变为：
Figure PCTCN2022139256-appb-000003
即在一个实施例中，所述泵下冲程时的泵内压力为忽略了泵的重力和柱塞与工作筒壁之间的摩擦力得到的抽油泵内压力，可以进一步提高抽油机井产气量确定的效率。
当下冲程卸载完成后，泵上部游动阀打开，此时，泵内压力等于泵排出口压力与流体过游动阀压降之间的和，同时忽略泵自身重力和柱塞与工作筒之间的摩擦力，那么式(1)变为：
F dmin＝-p 0A r-Δp 2A p  (4)
其中，F dmin为游动阀打开时泵载荷，N；Δp 2为流体过游动阀压降，Pa。
即在一个实施例中，所述游动阀打开时的泵载荷为忽略了泵自身重力和柱塞与工作筒之间的摩擦力得到的泵载荷，可以进一步提高抽油机井产气量确定的效率。
在卸载过程中，由于柱塞下行距离有限且井口压力变化不大，认为在该过程中泵排出口压力保持不变。则将式(4)带入到式(3)中，同时忽略流体过游动阀压降，可得泵内压力为：
Figure PCTCN2022139256-appb-000004
即在一个实施例中，所述游动阀打开时的泵内压力为忽略了流体过游动阀压降得到的泵内压力，可以进一步提高抽油机井产气量确定的效率。
同时，在下冲程泵载荷卸载过程中，根据气体状态方程可得不同位置处泵内压力为：
Figure PCTCN2022139256-appb-000005
其中，n为气体的摩尔数，mol；Z为压缩因子，可通过查表或者利用经验公式求得；R为气体常数，R＝8.3145Pa·m 3/(mol·K)；T为泵内温度，K；u D为游动阀开启时柱塞的位移，m；u为卸载过程中任意一点的位移，m；s q为游动阀打开时泵内气柱高度，m。
特别地，当柱塞位于上死点时，u＝u C，其中u C为上死点柱塞位移，m；当游动阀打开时，u＝u D。
在卸载过程中，游动阀和固定阀均处于关闭状态，在柱塞下行过程中，气体持续被压缩，但气体的摩尔数始终保持不变，则
Figure PCTCN2022139256-appb-000006
其中，p pdC为上死点C处泵内压力，Pa；p pdD为游动阀打开，例如开启点D打开时泵内压力，Pa；p pd1为从泵功图上死点C到游动阀开启点D内点1处的泵内压力，Pa；p pdm为从泵功图上死点C到游动阀开启点D内点m处泵内压力，Pa；p pdi为卸载过程中柱塞不同位移处的泵内压力，例如功图上死点C到游动阀开启点D内点i处的泵内压 力，Pa；下标i为泵功图上从下死点C到游动阀开启点D内任意选点，为方便表示和计算，从C到D依次进行选点，i＝1,2,3,……,m，即i＝1靠近井口，依次向下，i＝m靠近井底；下标m为泵功图上从下死点C到游动阀开启点D内任意选点个数；Z C为上死点处泵内气体压缩因子；Z D为游动阀打开时泵内气体压缩因子；Z m为从泵功图上死点C到游动阀开启点D内点m处泵内气体压缩因子；Z i为卸载过程中柱塞不同位移处的泵内气体压缩因子，例如功图上死点C到游动阀开启点D内点i处的泵内气体压缩因子；u 1为卸载过程中柱塞的不同位移，例如从泵功图上死点C到游动阀开启点D内点1处的不同位移，m；u m为从泵功图上死点C到游动阀开启点D内点m处的位移，m；u i为从泵功图上死点C到游动阀开启点D内点i处的位移，m。
对式(7)进行变形可得：
Figure PCTCN2022139256-appb-000007
特别地，如果选择不同的位移点，可得：
Figure PCTCN2022139256-appb-000008
其中，i＝1,2,3,……,m和j＝1,2,3,……,l分别代表不同的两组位移选点，显然式(9)包含式(8)。
将式(5)带入到式(9)，可得：
Figure PCTCN2022139256-appb-000009
由式(10)即可得到柱塞内气体的高度s q。由此得到泵内气体的体积为：
V p＝s qA p  (11)
利用气体状态方程式可得，该部分气体在井口的体积：
Figure PCTCN2022139256-appb-000010
其中，V h为井口气体体积，m 3；Z h为井口气体压缩因子；T h为井口温度，K；Z p为 泵内气体压缩因子；T p为泵内温度，K。
那么，产气量为，即在一个实施例中，所述抽油机井示功图求产气量模型为：
Figure PCTCN2022139256-appb-000011
其中，Q g为每一抽示功图对应的井口产气量，m 3/d；Q l为每一抽示功图对应的井口产液量，m 3/d；R p为生产气液比，m 3/m 3；n p为冲次，min -1；Z h为井口气体压缩因子；T h为井口温度；Z p为泵内气体压缩因子；T p为泵内温度；s q为柱塞内气体的高度；A p为柱塞的横截面积；p pd为泵下冲程载荷卸载过程中柱塞不同位移处泵内压力；p h为井口压力。
通过上述可知，在一个实施例中，上述基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定方法还可以包括按照如下方法预先建立抽油机井示功图求产气量模型：
在泵下冲程时，对抽油泵进行受力分析，根据力平衡得到泵下冲程时的泵载荷模型(上述公式(1))；
根据泵下冲程时的泵载荷模型，得到泵下冲程时的泵内压力模型(上述公式(2)或公式(3)，优选公式(3))；
在泵下冲程载荷卸载完成后，根据泵下冲程时的泵载荷模型，得到游动阀打开时的泵载荷模型(上述公式(4))；
根据泵下冲程时的泵内压力模型及游动阀打开时的泵载荷模型，得到游动阀打开时的泵内压力模型(上述公式(5))；
根据气体状态方程得到泵下冲程载荷卸载过程中柱塞不同位移处泵内压力模型(上述公式(6))；
根据游动阀打开时的泵内压力模型，以及泵下冲程载荷卸载过程中柱塞不同位移处泵内压力模型，得到泵内气体的体积模型(上述公式(11))；
根据泵内气体的体积模型及气体状态方程式，得到气体在抽油机井口的体积模型(上述公式(12))：
根据气体在抽油机井口的体积模型，得到确定抽油机井产气量的所述抽油机井示功图求产气量模型(上述公式(13))。
二、其次，介绍利用上述建立好的抽油机井示功图求产气量模型进行实际预测的步骤。
在上述步骤101中，抽油机每一抽示功图对应的井口产液量可以是根据示功图计算 出来的产液量或是测量得到的产液量。
下面介绍抽油机井示功图求产气量模型求解的过程，即由上面实施例得到的抽油机井示功图求产气量模型求解产气量，其具体的求解过程如下：
(1)已知井口产液量Q l、生产气液比R p、井口压力p h、井口温度T h、冲次n p、柱塞泵径D p、抽油杆径D r和井下气体影响的泵功图，如图2所示。
(2)在载荷卸载过程段(C→D)任意选取两组数据点，得到其对应的载荷与位移，为消除功图波动的影响，分别选择点组为游动阀打开时(D点)载荷的1.1、1.2、1.3、1.4倍和1.15、1.25、1.35、1.45对应的数据点，记为：
Figure PCTCN2022139256-appb-000012
Figure PCTCN2022139256-appb-000013
其中A，B均为二维矩阵，其第一行均为对应数据点处的载荷，第二行均为对应数据点处的位移。
值得注意地数据组选点也可按照其他方式选择，且选点个数任意，但需保证所选数据点均需位于C→D之间。
(3)计算抽油泵和光杆的横截面积，并利用式(10)构建非线性方程求解柱塞内气体的高度s q，即
Figure PCTCN2022139256-appb-000014
其中R F为构造的非线性残差方程。
利用Newton-Raphson迭代方法求解该非线性方程，即：
Figure PCTCN2022139256-appb-000015
Figure PCTCN2022139256-appb-000016
其中，DR F为R F关于sq的导函数；(k)表示第k步迭代。
Newton-Raphson迭代方程收敛条件为：|Ds q (k)|≤e，这里无穷小量e取1e-10。
(4)利用式(13)得到最终的产气量Q g。
通过上述可知，在一个实施例中，根据每一抽示功图对应的井口产液量，以及预先建立的抽油机井示功图求产气量模型，得到抽油机井每一抽示功图对应的井口产气量， 可以包括：
在示功图中的预设载荷卸载过程段(C→D)任意选取两组数据点，得到每一数据点对应的载荷与位移；
根据抽油泵和光杆的横截面积，及预先建立的游动阀打开时的泵内压力与泵下冲程载荷卸载过程中柱塞不同位移处泵内压力之间的关系(该关系可以为上述公式(10))，构建非线性残差方程求解柱塞内气体的高度；
根据柱塞内气体的高度，每一抽示功图对应的井口产液量，以及预先建立的抽油机井示功图求产气量模型，得到抽油机井每一抽示功图对应的井口产气量。
通过上述可知，在一个实施例中，选取的两组数据点可以是：分别选择点组为游动阀打开时(D点)载荷的1.1、1.2、1.3、1.4倍和1.15、1.25、1.35、1.45对应的数据点，该实施方式可以消除功图波动的影响。
通过上述可知，在一个实施例中，可以利用Newton-Raphson迭代方法求解上述非线性残差方程，提高求取柱塞内气体的高度的精度，进一步可以提高求取抽油机井产气量的精度。
下面介绍本发明实施例进一步优选的方案，在一个实施例中，上述基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定方法还可以包括：
根据抽油机每一抽示功图对应的井口产气量，得到抽油机井产气量的变化曲线；
根据抽油机井产气量的变化曲线，对抽油机井的生产动态进行分析。
具体实施时，基于本发明实施例还可以动态分析油井产气量的变化规律，对油井的生产动态进行分析，以指导石油天然气开发生产。
本发明实施例以长庆油田某井为例，该井基本数据为：井口压力0.2Mpa、井口温度40℃、柱塞泵径32mm、冲程1.5m、抽油杆径19mm、泵深850m、井口产液量4t/d，泵处溶解气液比5m 3/m 3，同时需要实测的地面功图，将地面功图应用三维波动方程求解井下泵功图。
对于井下泵功图，在载荷卸载过程段(C→D)任意选取两组数据点，得到其对应的载荷与位移，为消除功图波动的影响，根据上述取C、D两点之间的功图数据点。利用式(10)构建非线性方程求解柱塞内气体的高度s q，再应用公式13计算最终的井口产气量。图3和图4给出了该井某一时间段内不同时间点的功图，以及由以上方法计算的井口产气量曲线。
另外，本发明实施例提出的基于示功图形态特征和气体状态方程的抽油机井定量求 产气量的方法，适用于生产气液比大于溶解气液比的产气量较大的抽油机井，要求能够获得示功图，将示功图作为已知量，并且示功图要有一定的气体影响特征。
综上，本发明实施例提出了一种基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定方法，该方法主要实现了：1)提出了一种基于示功图特征和气体状态方程的抽油机井产气量确定方法；2)给出了抽油机井示功图求产气量模型的建立方法；3)给出了抽油泵内自由气体摩尔量的计算过程；4)给出了抽油机井口产气量的计算过程；5)本发明实施例考虑了油管是否锚定、溶解气液比、压缩因子、余隙效应等因素的影响；6)形成了内嵌上述基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定方法的边缘计算装置，可安装在油井现场，实时计算每一抽示功图对应的井口产气量，从而计算出抽油机井口累计产气量。
本发明实施例提出的基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定方法的有益技术效果是：提出了一种基于示功图形态特征和气体状态方程的抽油机井定量求产气量的方法，将功图数字计量从功图量油(功图量液)拓展到功图量气，实现数字化量油测气，有利于取消计量间、减轻一线劳动，转变传统生产管理方式，使采油工真正由蓝领向白领转变。基于本发明实施例可以实现24小时实时测量抽油机井的产气量，不仅可以准确确定油井每天或指定时间段的累计产气量，还可以动态分析油井产气量的变化规律，对油井的生产动态进行分析。
本发明实施例中还提供了一种基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定装置，如下面的实施例所述。由于该装置解决问题的原理与基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定方法相似，因此该装置的实施可以参见基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定方法的实施，重复之处不再赘述。
图5为本发明实施例中基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定装置的结构示意图，如图5所示，该装置包括：
获取单元01，用于获取抽油机每一抽示功图对应的井口产液量；
求取单元02，根据每一抽示功图对应的井口产液量，以及预先建立的抽油机井示功图求产气量模型，得到抽油机井每一抽示功图对应的井口产气量；所述抽油机井示功图求产气量模型根据抽油机井示功图和气体状态方程预先建立；
确定单元03，用于将每一抽示功图对应的井口产气量进行累计得到抽油机井口累计产气量。
在一个实施例中，上述基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定装置还可以包括建立单元，用于按照如下方法预先建立抽油机井示功图求产气量模型：
在泵下冲程时，对抽油泵进行受力分析，根据力平衡得到泵下冲程时的泵载荷模型；
根据泵下冲程时的泵载荷模型，得到泵下冲程时的泵内压力模型；
在泵下冲程载荷卸载完成后，根据泵下冲程时的泵载荷模型，得到游动阀打开时的泵载荷模型；
根据泵下冲程时的泵内压力模型及游动阀打开时的泵载荷模型，得到游动阀打开时的泵内压力模型；
根据气体状态方程得到泵下冲程载荷卸载过程中柱塞不同位移处泵内压力模型；
根据游动阀打开时的泵内压力模型，以及泵下冲程载荷卸载过程中柱塞不同位移处泵内压力模型，得到泵内气体的体积模型；
根据泵内气体的体积模型及气体状态方程式，得到气体在抽油机井口的体积模型：
根据气体在抽油机井口的体积模型，得到确定抽油机井产气量的所述抽油机井示功图求产气量模型。
在一个实施例中，所述求取单元具体可以用于：
在示功图中的预设载荷卸载过程段任意选取两组数据点，得到每一数据点对应的载荷与位移；
根据抽油泵和光杆的横截面积，及预先建立的游动阀打开时的泵内压力与泵下冲程载荷卸载过程中柱塞不同位移处泵内压力之间的关系，构建非线性残差方程求解柱塞内气体的高度；
根据柱塞内气体的高度，每一抽示功图对应的井口产液量，以及预先建立的抽油机井示功图求产气量模型，得到抽油机井每一抽示功图对应的井口产气量。
在一个实施例中，所述泵下冲程时的泵内压力可以为忽略了泵的重力和柱塞与工作筒壁之间的摩擦力得到的抽油泵内压力。
在一个实施例中，所述游动阀打开时的泵载荷可以为忽略了泵自身重力和柱塞与工作筒之间的摩擦力得到的泵载荷。
在一个实施例中，所述下冲程泵载荷卸载过程中的泵内压力可以为忽略了流体过游动阀压降得到的泵内压力。
在一个实施例中，所述抽油机井示功图求产气量模型为考虑了如下因素的其中之一或任意组合的预先建立的模型：油管内流体为轴向一维稳定流动；泵内流体为等温流动，且同一位置处气液相压力相等；油管锚定，且泵内存在气体；不考虑泵内自由气体 由于压力变化溶解到液相中；不考虑泵的游动阀和固定阀流体漏失。
在一个实施例中，所述抽油机井示功图求产气量模型可以为：
Figure PCTCN2022139256-appb-000017
其中，Q g为每一抽示功图对应的井口产气量；Q l为每一抽示功图对应的井口产液量；R p为生产气液比；n p为冲次；Z h为井口气体压缩因子；T h为井口温度；Z p为泵内气体压缩因子；T p为泵内温度；s q为柱塞内气体的高度；A p为柱塞的横截面积；p pd为泵下冲程载荷卸载过程中柱塞不同位移处泵内压力；p h为井口压力。
在一个实施例中，上述基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定装置还可以包括：
变化分析单元，用于根据抽油机每一抽示功图对应的井口产气量，得到抽油机井产气量的变化曲线；
生产分析单元，用于根据抽油机井产气量的变化曲线，对抽油机井的生产动态进行分析。
基于前述发明构思，如图6所示，本发明还提出了一种计算机设备500，包括存储器510、处理器520及存储在存储器510上并可在处理器520上运行的计算机程序530，所述处理器520执行所述计算机程序530时实现前述基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定方法。
本发明实施例还提供一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定方法。
本发明实施例还提供一种计算机程序产品，所述计算机程序产品包括计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定方法。
本发明实施例中，基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定方案，通过：获取抽油机每一抽示功图对应的井口产液量；根据每一抽示功图对应的井口产液量，以及预先建立的抽油机井示功图求产气量模型，得到抽油机井每一抽示功图对应的井口产气量；所述抽油机井示功图求产气量模型根据抽油机井示功图和气体状态方程预先建立；将每一抽示功图对应的井口产气量进行累计得到抽油机井口累计产气量，可以基于示功图定量求取抽油机井产气量，降低了劳动强度，提高了生产效率。
本领域内的技术人员应明白，本发明的实施例可提供为方法、系统、或计算机程序产品。因此，本发明可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面 的实施例的形式。而且，本发明可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。
本发明是参照根据本发明实施例的方法、设备(系统)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器，使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的装置。
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中，使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品，该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上，使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理，从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。
以上所述的具体实施例，对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已，并不用于限定本发明的保护范围，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定方法，其特征在于，包括：
    获取抽油机每一抽示功图对应的井口产液量；
    根据每一抽示功图对应的井口产液量，以及预先建立的抽油机井示功图求产气量模型，得到抽油机井每一抽示功图对应的井口产气量；所述抽油机井示功图求产气量模型根据抽油机井示功图和气体状态方程预先建立；
    将每一抽示功图对应的井口产气量进行累计得到抽油机井口累计产气量。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定方法，其特征在于，还包括按照如下方法预先建立抽油机井示功图求产气量模型：
    在泵下冲程时，对抽油泵进行受力分析，根据力平衡得到泵下冲程时的泵载荷模型；
    根据泵下冲程时的泵载荷模型，得到泵下冲程时的泵内压力模型；
    在泵下冲程载荷卸载完成后，根据泵下冲程时的泵载荷模型，得到游动阀打开时的泵载荷模型；
    根据泵下冲程时的泵内压力模型及游动阀打开时的泵载荷模型，得到游动阀打开时的泵内压力模型；
    根据气体状态方程得到泵下冲程载荷卸载过程中柱塞不同位移处泵内压力模型；
    根据游动阀打开时的泵内压力模型，以及泵下冲程载荷卸载过程中柱塞不同位移处泵内压力模型，得到泵内气体的体积模型；
    根据泵内气体的体积模型及气体状态方程式，得到气体在抽油机井口的体积模型：
    根据气体在抽油机井口的体积模型，得到确定抽油机井产气量的所述抽油机井示功图求产气量模型。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定方法，其特征在于，所述泵下冲程时的泵内压力为忽略了泵的重力和柱塞与工作筒壁之间的摩擦力得到的抽油泵内压力。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定方法，其特征在于，所述游动阀打开时的泵载荷为忽略了泵自身重力和柱塞与工作筒之间的摩擦力得到的泵载荷。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定方法，其特征在于，所述游动阀打开时的泵内压力为忽略了流体过游动阀压降得到的泵内压力。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定方法，其特征在于，还包括根据如下因素的其中之一或任意组合，预先建立抽油机井示功图求产气量模型：油管内流体为轴向一维稳定流动；泵内流体为等温流动，且同一位置处气液相压力相等；油管锚定，且泵内存在气体；不考虑泵内自由气体由于压力变化溶解到液相中；不考虑泵的游动阀和固定阀流体漏失。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定方法，其特征在于，所述抽油机井示功图求产气量模型为：
    Figure PCTCN2022139256-appb-100001
    其中，Q g为每一抽示功图对应的井口产气量；Q l为每一抽示功图对应的井口产液量；R p为生产气液比；n p为冲次；Z h为井口气体压缩因子；T h为井口温度；Z p为泵内气体压缩因子；T p为泵内温度；s q为柱塞内气体的高度；A p为柱塞的横截面积；p pd为泵下冲程载荷卸载过程中柱塞不同位移处泵内压力；p h为井口压力。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定方法，其特征在于，根据每一抽示功图对应的井口产液量，以及预先建立的抽油机井示功图求产气量模型，得到抽油机井每一抽示功图对应的井口产气量，包括：
    在示功图中的预设载荷卸载过程段任意选取两组数据点，得到每一数据点对应的载荷与位移；
    根据抽油泵和光杆的横截面积，及预先建立的游动阀打开时的泵内压力与泵下冲程载荷卸载过程中柱塞不同位移处泵内压力之间的关系，构建非线性残差方程求解柱塞内气体的高度；
    根据柱塞内气体的高度，每一抽示功图对应的井口产液量，以及预先建立的抽油机井示功图求产气量模型，得到抽油机井每一抽示功图对应的井口产气量。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    根据抽油机每一抽示功图对应的井口产气量，得到抽油机井产气量的变化曲线；
    根据抽油机井产气量的变化曲线，对抽油机井的生产动态进行分析。
  10. 一种基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定装置，其特征在于，包括：
    获取单元，用于获取抽油机每一抽示功图对应的井口产液量；
    求取单元，根据每一抽示功图对应的井口产液量，以及预先建立的抽油机井示功图求产气量模型，得到抽油机井每一抽示功图对应的井口产气量；所述抽油机井示功图求产气量模型根据抽油机井示功图和气体状态方程预先建立；
    确定单元，用于将每一抽示功图对应的井口产气量进行累计得到抽油机井口累计产气量。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定装置，其特征在于，还包括建立单元，用于按照如下方法预先建立抽油机井示功图求产气量模型：
    在泵下冲程时，对抽油泵进行受力分析，根据力平衡得到泵下冲程时的泵载荷模型；
    根据泵下冲程时的泵载荷模型，得到泵下冲程时的泵内压力模型；
    在泵下冲程载荷卸载完成后，根据泵下冲程时的泵载荷模型，得到游动阀打开时的泵载荷模型；
    根据泵下冲程时的泵内压力模型及游动阀打开时的泵载荷模型，得到游动阀打开时的泵内压力模型；
    根据气体状态方程得到泵下冲程载荷卸载过程中柱塞不同位移处泵内压力模型；
    根据游动阀打开时的泵内压力模型，以及泵下冲程载荷卸载过程中柱塞不同位移处泵内压力模型，得到泵内气体的体积模型；
    根据泵内气体的体积模型及气体状态方程式，得到气体在抽油机井口的体积模型：
    根据气体在抽油机井口的体积模型，得到确定抽油机井产气量的所述抽油机井示功图求产气量模型。
  12. 如权利要求10所述的基于示功图的抽油机井产气量确定装置，其特征在于，所述求取单元具体用于：
    在示功图中的预设载荷卸载过程段任意选取两组数据点，得到每一数据点对应的载荷与位移；
    根据抽油泵和光杆的横截面积，及预先建立的游动阀打开时的泵内压力与泵下冲程载荷卸载过程中柱塞不同位移处泵内压力之间的关系，构建非线性残差方程求解柱塞内气体的高度；
    根据柱塞内气体的高度，每一抽示功图对应的井口产液量，以及预先建立的抽油机井示功图求产气量模型，得到抽油机井每一抽示功图对应的井口产气量。
  13. 一种计算机设备，包括存储器、处理器及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序，其特征在于，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现权利要求1至9任一所述方法。
  14. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现权利要求1至9任一所述方法。
  15. 一种计算机程序产品，其特征在于，所述计算机程序产品包括计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现权利要求1至9任一所述方法。
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